diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 1b3fd332b4..8171cd910f 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Normalize line endings to LF in the repository
 * text eol=lf
 *.png binary
+*.gif binary
+*.apng binary
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index 3b39d519c4..977fe9428d 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ contact_links:
     url: https://github.com/esphome/esphome-webserver/issues/new/choose
     about: Report an issue with the ESPHome web server.
   - name: Report an issue with the ESPHome Builder / Dashboard
-    url: https://github.com/esphome/dashboard/issues/new/choose
+    url: https://github.com/esphome/device-builder/issues/new/choose
     about: Report an issue with the ESPHome Builder / Dashboard.
   - name: Report an issue with the ESPHome API client
     url: https://github.com/esphome/aioesphomeapi/issues/new/choose
diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index 08def88577..e708ae41b2 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 - [ ] Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
 - [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
+- [ ] New developer-facing feature (adds functionality for component developers; no end-user configuration change)
 - [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) — [policy](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#what-constitutes-a-c-breaking-change)
 - [ ] Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components) — [policy](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#what-is-considered-public-c-api)
 - [ ] Undocumented C++ API change (removal or change of undocumented public methods that lambda users may depend on) — [policy](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#c-user-expectations)
@@ -20,6 +21,10 @@
 
 - esphome/esphome.io#<esphome.io PR number goes here>
 
+**Pull request in [developers.esphome.io](https://github.com/esphome/developers.esphome.io) with developer documentation (if applicable):**
+
+- esphome/developers.esphome.io#<developers.esphome.io PR number goes here>
+
 ## Test Environment
 
 - [ ] ESP32
diff --git a/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml b/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
index 494c0cebe8..133d7ca8d8 100644
--- a/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@f9f3042f7e2789586610d6e8b85c8f03e5195baf # v7.2.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@53b7df96c91f9c12dcc8a07bcb9ccacbed38856a # v7.3.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@f9f3042f7e2789586610d6e8b85c8f03e5195baf # v7.2.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@53b7df96c91f9c12dcc8a07bcb9ccacbed38856a # v7.3.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml
index f566ba4c43..b884e1e4c6 100644
--- a/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ description: >
   Resolve the pinned ESP-IDF version and cache the native ESP-IDF install
   (toolchains + source) at ~/.esphome-idf. Every job that installs ESP-IDF
   natively (clang-tidy for IDF/Arduino and the component test batches) shares
-  one cache, since the install is identical (ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS
-  defaults to "all", so all toolchains are present regardless of the chip).
+  one cache, since the install is identical: ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS
+  defaults to "all", and _get_configured_targets() in espidf/toolchain.py
+  skips per-variant narrowing whenever CI is set, so all toolchains are
+  present regardless of the chip a job builds.
   Callers must set env ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-idf and have the
   Python venv already restored.
 inputs:
diff --git a/.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf/action.yml b/.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cbb87cc66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: Cache nRF Connect SDK
+description: >
+  Resolve the pinned sdk-nrf version and cache the native sdk-nrf install
+  (west workspace, Zephyr SDK toolchain, python env) at ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf.
+  Every job that installs sdk-nrf natively (the nrf52 clang-tidy job and,
+  once the component tests build natively, their batches) shares one cache.
+  Callers must set env ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf and have
+  the Python venv already restored.
+inputs:
+  restore-only:
+    description: >
+      When "true", only restore -- never save the cache, even on dev. Use from
+      jobs that may not produce a complete install (e.g. a component batch
+      that fails mid-install), so a partial install is never written.
+    default: "false"
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Resolve sdk-nrf and toolchain versions for cache key
+      # Both versions are pinned in code, not in any file that feeds the
+      # other cache keys, so resolve them explicitly. Keying on them means
+      # the cache invalidates when either is bumped (actions/cache never
+      # overwrites a key).
+      id: version
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        . venv/bin/activate
+        version=$(python -c '
+        from esphome.components.nrf52 import RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION
+        from esphome.components.nrf52.framework import TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+        print(f"{RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION}-{TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}")')
+        echo "version=$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    # Mirror cache-esp-idf: only dev-branch runs write the shared cache (so it
+    # lives in the default-branch scope readable by all PRs); PRs are
+    # restore-only and never push multi-GB artifacts into their own scope.
+    - name: Cache nRF Connect SDK install (write on dev)
+      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && inputs.restore-only != 'true'
+      uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf
+        # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-sdk-nrf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/nrf52/requirements.txt') }}
+    - name: Cache nRF Connect SDK install (restore-only off dev)
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' || inputs.restore-only == 'true'
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf
+        # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-sdk-nrf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/nrf52/requirements.txt') }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml b/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml
index 1364e95602..ce14b0152a 100644
--- a/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
       id: python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -32,9 +32,12 @@ runs:
       # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so the venv layout
       # downstream jobs rely on is preserved.
       if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
       with:
         enable-cache: true
+        # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
+        # reuse; dev pushes seed the shared copy instead.
+        save-cache: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
         # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
         # manifest from raw.githubusercontent.com on every cache
         # miss; that fetch flakes on Windows runners.
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ runs:
         python -m venv venv
         source venv/bin/activate
         python --version
-        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt
+        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
         uv pip install -e .
     - name: Create Python virtual environment
       if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && runner.os == 'Windows'
@@ -55,5 +58,5 @@ runs:
         python -m venv venv
         source ./venv/Scripts/activate
         python --version
-        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt
+        uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
         uv pip install -e .
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
index 2938fd923c..5e8acb09c9 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ module.exports = {
     'merging-to-release',
     'merging-to-beta',
     'chained-pr',
+    'stacked-pr',
     'core',
     'small-pr',
     'medium-pr',
@@ -22,11 +23,13 @@ module.exports = {
     'has-tests',
     'needs-tests',
     'needs-docs',
+    'needs-developer-docs',
     'needs-codeowners',
     'too-big',
     'labeller-recheck',
     'bugfix',
     'new-feature',
+    'new-feature-developer',
     'breaking-change',
     'developer-breaking-change',
     'undocumented-api-change',
@@ -40,5 +43,17 @@ module.exports = {
     // Keep matching the old esphome-docs name during the transition period
     /https:\/\/github\.com\/esphome\/esphome-docs\/pull\/\d+/,
     /esphome\/esphome-docs#\d+/
+  ],
+
+  DEVELOPER_DOCS_PR_PATTERNS: [
+    /https:\/\/github\.com\/esphome\/developers\.esphome\.io\/pull\/\d+/,
+    /esphome\/developers\.esphome\.io#\d+/
+  ],
+
+  // Files whose developer-facing changes are documented via Python docstrings
+  // only - developers.esphome.io has no reference page for them yet, so PRs
+  // touching nothing but these files (and tests/) skip needs-developer-docs.
+  DEV_DOCS_EXEMPT_FILES: [
+    'esphome/config_validation.py'
   ]
 };
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
index 4406370a27..1d76c18be8 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const { DOCS_PR_PATTERNS } = require('./constants');
+const { DOCS_PR_PATTERNS, DEVELOPER_DOCS_PR_PATTERNS, DEV_DOCS_EXEMPT_FILES } = require('./constants');
 const {
   COMPONENT_REGEX,
   detectComponents,
@@ -33,16 +33,54 @@ async function fetchPrFileContent(github, context, path) {
   }
 }
 
+// Check whether a pull request is part of a GitHub stack.
+//
+// GitHub's stacked pull request feature adds a `stack` object to the pull
+// request resource. It is present on every pull request in the stack -
+// including the bottom one, whose base is already `dev` - and is absent
+// entirely on standalone pull requests.
+//
+// The `pull_request_target` webhook payload is not guaranteed to carry this
+// field, so fall back to asking the API when it is missing. Guessing wrong
+// here is costly: a stacked pull request mistaken for a manually chained one
+// gets a label that blocks merging.
+async function isStackedPr(github, context) {
+  const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+  if (pr.stack != null) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
+    const { data } = await github.rest.pulls.get({
+      owner,
+      repo,
+      pull_number: pr.number,
+    });
+    return data.stack != null;
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Treat an API failure as "not stacked" so a chained pull request still
+    // gets its blocking label rather than silently slipping through.
+    console.log('Failed to check stack membership:', error.message);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
 // Strategy: Merge branch detection
-async function detectMergeBranch(context) {
+async function detectMergeBranch(github, context) {
   const labels = new Set();
   const baseRef = context.payload.pull_request.base.ref;
+  const defaultBranch = context.payload.repository.default_branch;
 
   if (baseRef === 'release') {
     labels.add('merging-to-release');
   } else if (baseRef === 'beta') {
     labels.add('merging-to-beta');
-  } else if (baseRef !== 'dev') {
+  } else if (await isStackedPr(github, context)) {
+    // GitHub manages the merge order for a stack, so these are not blocked.
+    labels.add('stacked-pr');
+  } else if (baseRef !== defaultBranch) {
+    // A chain built by hand: it must not merge until its base branch does.
     labels.add('chained-pr');
   }
 
@@ -245,6 +283,7 @@ async function detectPRTemplateCheckboxes(context) {
   const checkboxPatterns = [
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Bugfix \(non-breaking change which fixes an issue\)/i, label: 'bugfix' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] New feature \(non-breaking change which adds functionality\)/i, label: 'new-feature' },
+    { pattern: /- \[x\] New developer-facing feature \(adds functionality for component developers; no end-user configuration change\)/i, label: 'new-feature-developer' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Breaking change \(fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected\)/i, label: 'breaking-change' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Developer breaking change \(an API change that could break external components\)/i, label: 'developer-breaking-change' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Undocumented C\+\+ API change \(removal or change of undocumented public methods that lambda users may depend on\)/i, label: 'undocumented-api-change' },
@@ -355,12 +394,14 @@ async function detectRequirements(allLabels, prFiles, context, hasYamlLoadable)
   const labels = new Set();
 
   // Check for missing tests
-  if ((allLabels.has('new-component') || allLabels.has('new-platform') || allLabels.has('new-feature')) && !allLabels.has('has-tests')) {
+  if ((allLabels.has('new-component') || allLabels.has('new-platform') || allLabels.has('new-feature') || allLabels.has('new-feature-developer')) && !allLabels.has('has-tests')) {
     labels.add('needs-tests');
   }
 
   // Check for missing docs.
-  // `new-feature` (PR-body checkbox) always counts. `new-component` / `new-platform`
+  // `new-feature` (PR-body checkbox) always counts. `new-feature-developer` is
+  // deliberately excluded here: its docs live on developers.esphome.io and are
+  // checked separately below. `new-component` / `new-platform`
   // only count when at least one newly added file defines a top-level CONFIG_SCHEMA,
   // i.e. the new component/platform is actually loadable from YAML.
   const docsEligible =
@@ -376,6 +417,22 @@ async function detectRequirements(allLabels, prFiles, context, hasYamlLoadable)
     }
   }
 
+  // Check for missing developer docs. `new-feature-developer` requires a
+  // developers.esphome.io PR link, unless every changed file outside tests/ is
+  // in DEV_DOCS_EXEMPT_FILES (core validators documented via docstrings only).
+  if (allLabels.has('new-feature-developer')) {
+    const prBody = context.payload.pull_request.body || '';
+    const nonTestFiles = prFiles
+      .map(file => file.filename)
+      .filter(file => !file.startsWith('tests/'));
+    const onlyExemptFiles = nonTestFiles.every(file => DEV_DOCS_EXEMPT_FILES.includes(file));
+    const hasDevDocsLink = DEVELOPER_DOCS_PR_PATTERNS.some(pattern => pattern.test(prBody));
+
+    if (!onlyExemptFiles && !hasDevDocsLink) {
+      labels.add('needs-developer-docs');
+    }
+  }
+
   // Check for missing CODEOWNERS
   if (allLabels.has('new-component')) {
     const codeownersModified = prFiles.some(file =>
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js
index c8bdcfb2f3..8b0c821503 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ module.exports = async ({ github, context }) => {
 
   // Early exit for release and beta branches only
   if (baseRef === 'release' || baseRef === 'beta') {
-    const branchLabels = await detectMergeBranch(context);
+    const branchLabels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
     const finalLabels = Array.from(branchLabels);
 
     console.log('Computed labels (merge branch only):', finalLabels.join(', '));
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ module.exports = async ({ github, context }) => {
     deprecatedResult,
     maintainerAccess
   ] = await Promise.all([
-    detectMergeBranch(context),
+    detectMergeBranch(github, context),
     detectComponentPlatforms(changedFiles, apiData),
     detectNewComponents(github, context, prFiles),
     detectNewPlatforms(github, context, prFiles, apiData),
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js
index aab1827c44..be239e2f1b 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/detectors.test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 const { describe, it } = require('node:test');
 const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
-const { detectNewPlatforms, detectNewComponents, detectPRSize } = require('../detectors');
+const {
+  detectMergeBranch,
+  detectNewPlatforms,
+  detectNewComponents,
+  detectPRSize,
+  detectPRTemplateCheckboxes,
+  detectRequirements,
+} = require('../detectors');
+const { MANAGED_LABELS } = require('../constants');
 
 // Minimal GitHub API mock — only repos.getContent is called by detectNewPlatforms/detectNewComponents
 // to check for CONFIG_SCHEMA in newly added files.
@@ -29,6 +37,122 @@ const API_DATA = {
 const WITH_SCHEMA = 'CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})';
 const WITHOUT_SCHEMA = 'CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]';
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// detectMergeBranch
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Builds a fresh context for detectMergeBranch tests instead of mutating the
+// shared CONTEXT fixture above (which other describe blocks rely on).
+function makeMergeContext(baseRef, { stack, defaultBranch = 'dev' } = {}) {
+  const pull_request = { number: 1, base: { ref: baseRef } };
+  if (stack !== undefined) {
+    pull_request.stack = stack;
+  }
+  return {
+    repo: { owner: 'esphome', repo: 'esphome' },
+    payload: { pull_request, repository: { default_branch: defaultBranch } }
+  };
+}
+
+// A GitHub API mock exposing only rest.pulls.get, with a call counter so
+// tests can assert whether the API fallback was actually invoked.
+function makeStackGithub({ stack = null, error = null } = {}) {
+  const state = { calls: 0 };
+  const github = {
+    rest: {
+      pulls: {
+        get: async () => {
+          state.calls++;
+          if (error) throw error;
+          return { data: { stack } };
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  return { github, state };
+}
+
+const STACK_INFO = { base: { ref: 'dev' }, id: 71540, number: 17978, position: 3, size: 3 };
+
+describe('detectMergeBranch', () => {
+  it('base ref release adds merging-to-release only and never checks the stack', async () => {
+    const { github, state } = makeStackGithub({ stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('release', { stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['merging-to-release']);
+    assert.equal(state.calls, 0);
+  });
+
+  it('base ref beta adds merging-to-beta only and never checks the stack', async () => {
+    const { github, state } = makeStackGithub({ stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('beta', { stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['merging-to-beta']);
+    assert.equal(state.calls, 0);
+  });
+
+  it('stack present on the webhook payload adds stacked-pr without calling the API', async () => {
+    const { github, state } = makeStackGithub();
+    const context = makeMergeContext('feature-branch', { stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['stacked-pr']);
+    assert.equal(state.calls, 0);
+  });
+
+  it('stack absent from payload falls back to the API and adds stacked-pr', async () => {
+    const { github, state } = makeStackGithub({ stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('feature-branch');
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['stacked-pr']);
+    assert.equal(state.calls, 1);
+  });
+
+  it('bottom of a stack (base ref dev, stack present) still adds stacked-pr', async () => {
+    const { github, state } = makeStackGithub();
+    const context = makeMergeContext('dev', { stack: STACK_INFO });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['stacked-pr']);
+    assert.equal(state.calls, 0);
+  });
+
+  it('not stacked, base ref not dev adds chained-pr', async () => {
+    const { github } = makeStackGithub({ stack: null });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('feature-branch');
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['chained-pr']);
+  });
+
+  it('not stacked, base ref dev adds no labels', async () => {
+    const { github } = makeStackGithub({ stack: null });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('dev');
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), []);
+  });
+
+  it('a failed stack lookup falls back to not-stacked, so a feature-branch base adds chained-pr', async () => {
+    const { github, state } = makeStackGithub({ error: new Error('API unavailable') });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('feature-branch');
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['chained-pr']);
+    assert.equal(state.calls, 1);
+  });
+
+  it('base ref matches default branch adds no labels', async () => {
+    const { github } = makeStackGithub({ stack: null });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('other', { defaultBranch: 'other' });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), []);
+  });
+
+  it('base ref dev when the default branch is main adds chained-pr', async () => {
+    const { github } = makeStackGithub({ stack: null });
+    const context = makeMergeContext('dev', { defaultBranch: 'main' });
+    const labels = await detectMergeBranch(github, context);
+    assert.deepEqual(Array.from(labels).sort(), ['chained-pr']);
+  });
+
+});
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // detectNewPlatforms
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -146,6 +270,125 @@ describe('detectNewComponents', () => {
   });
 });
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// detectPRTemplateCheckboxes
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const NEW_FEATURE_LINE = '- [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)';
+const DEV_FEATURE_LINE = '- [x] New developer-facing feature (adds functionality for component developers; no end-user configuration change)';
+const DEV_FEATURE_LINE_UNTICKED = '- [ ] New developer-facing feature (adds functionality for component developers; no end-user configuration change)';
+
+function makeBodyContext(body) {
+  return { payload: { pull_request: { body } } };
+}
+
+describe('detectPRTemplateCheckboxes', () => {
+  it('ticked developer-facing feature checkbox adds new-feature-developer only', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectPRTemplateCheckboxes(makeBodyContext(DEV_FEATURE_LINE));
+    assert.ok(labels.has('new-feature-developer'));
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('new-feature'));
+  });
+
+  it('unticked developer-facing feature checkbox adds no label', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectPRTemplateCheckboxes(makeBodyContext(DEV_FEATURE_LINE_UNTICKED));
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('new-feature-developer'));
+  });
+
+  it('ticked new feature checkbox does not add new-feature-developer', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectPRTemplateCheckboxes(makeBodyContext(NEW_FEATURE_LINE));
+    assert.ok(labels.has('new-feature'));
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('new-feature-developer'));
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// detectRequirements
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('detectRequirements', () => {
+  // PR body without any docs-PR link.
+  const NO_DOCS_CONTEXT = makeBodyContext('Just a description, no docs link.');
+  const USER_DOCS_CONTEXT = makeBodyContext('Docs: esphome/esphome.io#1234');
+  const DEV_DOCS_CONTEXT = makeBodyContext('Docs: esphome/developers.esphome.io#1234');
+  const DEV_DOCS_URL_CONTEXT = makeBodyContext('Docs: https://github.com/esphome/developers.esphome.io/pull/1234');
+
+  // File sets: a normal source change vs. one confined to the exempt core validators.
+  const SOURCE_FILES = [
+    { filename: 'esphome/components/foo/foo.py' },
+    { filename: 'tests/components/foo/common.yaml' },
+  ];
+  const VALIDATOR_FILES = [
+    { filename: 'esphome/config_validation.py' },
+    { filename: 'tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py' },
+  ];
+
+  it('new-feature-developer without has-tests adds needs-tests but not needs-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer']), SOURCE_FILES, NO_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(labels.has('needs-tests'));
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('needs-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('new-feature-developer with has-tests does not add needs-tests', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), SOURCE_FILES, NO_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('needs-tests'));
+  });
+
+  it('new-feature without a docs link still adds needs-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature', 'has-tests']), [], NO_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(labels.has('needs-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('new-feature-developer without a developer docs link adds needs-developer-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), SOURCE_FILES, NO_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(labels.has('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('a developers.esphome.io shorthand link satisfies needs-developer-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), SOURCE_FILES, DEV_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('a developers.esphome.io URL link satisfies needs-developer-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), SOURCE_FILES, DEV_DOCS_URL_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('a user docs (esphome.io) link does not satisfy needs-developer-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), SOURCE_FILES, USER_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(labels.has('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('a developer docs link does not satisfy needs-docs for new-feature', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature', 'has-tests']), [], DEV_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(labels.has('needs-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('changes confined to core validator files are exempt from needs-developer-docs', async () => {
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), VALIDATOR_FILES, NO_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(!labels.has('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+
+  it('validator changes mixed with other source files are not exempt', async () => {
+    const prFiles = [...VALIDATOR_FILES, { filename: 'esphome/components/foo/foo.py' }];
+    const labels = await detectRequirements(new Set(['new-feature-developer', 'has-tests']), prFiles, NO_DOCS_CONTEXT, false);
+    assert.ok(labels.has('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MANAGED_LABELS
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('MANAGED_LABELS', () => {
+  it('includes new-feature-developer so the workflow syncs it', () => {
+    assert.ok(MANAGED_LABELS.includes('new-feature-developer'));
+  });
+
+  it('includes needs-developer-docs so the workflow syncs it', () => {
+    assert.ok(MANAGED_LABELS.includes('needs-developer-docs'));
+  });
+});
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // detectPRSize
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml
index d034227ef6..b49c66b976 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.pull_request.state == 'open' && (github.event.action != 'labeled' || github.event.sender.type != 'Bot')
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           # Scope the minted App token to the minimum needed by auto-label-pr/*.js.
           permission-contents: read       # repos.getContent for CODEOWNERS and file lookups in detectors.js
           permission-issues: write        # listLabelsOnIssue, addLabels, removeLabel, list/createComment
-          permission-pull-requests: write  # pulls.listFiles, list/create/update/dismissReview
+          permission-pull-requests: write  # pulls.get, pulls.listFiles, list/create/update/dismissReview
 
       - name: Auto Label PR
         uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
index 4c0c330a19..63219a1dbc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
@@ -21,27 +21,52 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up uv
         # ``--system`` (below) installs into the setup-python interpreter;
         # no venv is created or restored by this workflow.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
+          # Pull-request-only workflow: a save could never be shared and
+          # would only consume quota.
+          save-cache: "false"
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
           # manifest from raw.githubusercontent.com on every cache
           # miss; that fetch flakes on Windows runners.
           version: "0.11.15"
 
       - name: Install apt dependencies
+        # PR-only workflow, so nothing on dev could seed a shared apt cache
+        # entry; the cached apt action would save one copy per PR. Plain apt
+        # with every call bounded: the apt.conf.d timeouts make a dead
+        # mirror fail over in seconds, and timeout runs under sudo so it can
+        # kill apt-get itself. Install without update first: image lists are
+        # fresh, and the index refresh is what a congested mirror makes slow.
+        timeout-minutes: 15
         run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt-cache show protobuf-compiler
-          sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler
+          sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ci-acquire-timeouts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
+          Acquire::Retries "1";
+          Acquire::http::Timeout "15";
+          Acquire::https::Timeout "15";
+          EOF
+          # Common path: the image's package lists are fresh enough.
+          if sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 90 \
+              apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler; then
+            protoc --version
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          # Rescue path: refresh the lists once with a generous bound; the
+          # apt config already fails a stalled mirror over quickly.
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 10 30 \
+            dpkg --configure -a || true
+          sudo timeout -k 15 300 apt-get update
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 300 \
+            apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler
           protoc --version
       - name: Install python dependencies
         run: uv pip install --system aioesphomeapi -c requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
index d6ad28dffe..42be51cdd9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
@@ -61,21 +61,23 @@ jobs:
       tag: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
       push: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.push }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Determine tag and whether to push
         id: tag
+        env:
+          HEAD_REF: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
         run: |
           # Sanitize the branch name into a valid docker tag: replace invalid
           # characters, ensure the first character is valid (tags must start
           # with [A-Za-z0-9_]), and cap the length at 128 characters.
-          branch="${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}"
+          branch="$HEAD_REF"
           tag="${branch//[^a-zA-Z0-9_.-]/-}"
           case "$tag" in
             [a-zA-Z0-9_]*) ;;
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: steps.tag.outputs.push == 'true'
-        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -145,16 +147,16 @@ jobs:
           - "ha-addon"
           - "docker"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -180,8 +182,6 @@ jobs:
       contents: read  # actions/checkout to load the test configs
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      # Cap concurrency so this smoke test doesn't hog all the shared runners.
-      max-parallel: 2
       matrix:
         # One entry per distinct toolchain. ESP32 variants (c3/c6/s2/s3/p4)
         # share a toolchain bundle, so esp32 is exercised on the base variant
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
           - nrf52
           - host
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Download image artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-github-scripts.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-github-scripts.yml
index 3313ced690..ea039de9b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-github-scripts.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-github-scripts.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Run tests
         working-directory: .github/scripts/auto-label-pr
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml
index ac0322e2fa..0dc653bd39 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Check out code from base repository
         if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           # Always check out from the base repository (esphome/esphome), never from forks
           # Use the PR's target branch to ensure we run trusted code from the main repo
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 2016739c4f..a2762faa4d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       cache-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.key }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Generate cache-key
         id: cache-key
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_dev.txt', 'requirements_test.txt', '.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Set up Python ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -49,9 +49,12 @@ jobs:
         # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so downstream jobs
         # that ``. venv/bin/activate`` see an identical layout.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
+          # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
+          # reuse; dev pushes seed the shared copy instead.
+          save-cache: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
           # manifest from raw.githubusercontent.com on every cache
           # miss; that fetch flakes on Windows runners.
@@ -62,198 +65,24 @@ jobs:
           python -m venv venv
           . venv/bin/activate
           python --version
-          uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt pre-commit
+          uv pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
           uv pip install -e .
 
-  pylint:
-    name: Check pylint
+  seed-apt-cache:
+    name: Seed apt package cache
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - common
-      - determine-jobs
-    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.python-linters == 'true'
+    # PR-branch cache saves are invisible to other PRs, so dev/beta/release
+    # pushes seed the one shared entry PR jobs restore. The key is derived
+    # only from the package list and version; keep both identical in every
+    # step that restores it. In ci-status needs so a broken seed fails dev.
+    if: github.event_name == 'push'
+    timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-      - name: Restore Python
-        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
-          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Run pylint
-        run: |
-          . venv/bin/activate
-          pylint -f parseable --persistent=n esphome
-      - name: Suggested changes
-        run: script/ci-suggest-changes
-        if: always()
-
-  ci-custom:
-    name: Run script/ci-custom
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - common
-      - determine-jobs
-    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-      - name: Restore Python
-        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
-          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Register matcher
-        run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/ci-custom.json"
-      - name: Run script/ci-custom
-        run: |
-          . venv/bin/activate
-          script/ci-custom.py
-          script/build_codeowners.py --check
-          script/build_language_schema.py --check
-          script/generate-esp32-boards.py --check
-          script/generate-rp2040-boards.py --check
-          script/ci_check_duplicate_test_ids.py
-
-  import-time:
-    name: Check import esphome.__main__ time
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - common
-      - determine-jobs
-    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.import-time == 'true'
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-      - name: Restore Python
-        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
-          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Check import time against budget and write waterfall HAR
-        run: |
-          . venv/bin/activate
-          script/check_import_time.py --check --har importtime.har
-      - name: Upload waterfall HAR
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          name: import-time-waterfall
-          path: importtime.har
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
-          retention-days: 14
-
-  device-builder:
-    name: Test downstream esphome/device-builder
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - common
-      - determine-jobs
-    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.device-builder == 'true'
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out esphome (this PR)
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          path: esphome
-      - name: Check out esphome/device-builder
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          repository: esphome/device-builder
-          ref: main
-          path: device-builder
-      - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.13"
-      - name: Set up uv
-        # Mirrors the install shape device-builder's own CI uses
-        # (esphome/device-builder#192): uv replaces pip for the
-        # install step (order-of-magnitude faster on cold boots,
-        # with its own wheel cache). actions/setup-python still
-        # provides the interpreter.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
-        with:
-          enable-cache: true
-          # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
-          # manifest from raw.githubusercontent.com on every cache
-          # miss; that fetch flakes on Windows runners.
-          version: "0.11.15"
-      - name: Install device-builder + esphome from PR
-        # Install device-builder with its esphome + test extras
-        # first so its pinned versions of pytest/etc. land, then
-        # overlay the PR's esphome so the downstream tests run
-        # against this PR's Python code. ``--system`` installs into
-        # the runner's Python instead of a venv.
-        run: |
-          uv pip install --system -e './device-builder[esphome,test]'
-          uv pip install --system -e ./esphome
-      - name: Run device-builder pytest
-        # ``-n auto`` runs under pytest-xdist (matches device-builder's
-        # own CI). No ``--cov`` here -- this is purely a downstream
-        # smoke check against this PR's esphome code. ``tests/e2e/slow``
-        # is excluded: those are real multi-minute toolchain compiles
-        # (LibreTiny SDK clone, native ESP-IDF install) that device-builder
-        # runs in its own dedicated jobs, not this smoke check.
-        working-directory: device-builder
-        run: pytest -q -n auto --maxfail=5 --durations=30 --no-cov --ignore=tests/benchmarks --ignore=tests/e2e/slow
-
-  pytest:
-    name: Run pytest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - "3.12"
-          - "3.13"
-          - "3.14"
-        os:
-          - ubuntu-latest
-          - macOS-latest
-          - windows-latest
-        exclude:
-          # Minimize CI resource usage
-          # by only running the Python version
-          # version used for docker images on Windows and macOS
-          - python-version: "3.13"
-            os: windows-latest
-          - python-version: "3.13"
-            os: macOS-latest
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    needs:
-      - common
-      - determine-jobs
-    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-      - name: Restore Python
-        id: restore-python
-        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Register matcher
-        run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/pytest.json"
-      - name: Run pytest
-        if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
-        run: |
-          . ./venv/Scripts/activate.ps1
-          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto tests --ignore=tests/integration/
-      - name: Run pytest
-        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' || matrix.os == 'macOS-latest'
-        run: |
-          . venv/bin/activate
-          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto tests --ignore=tests/integration/
-      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f # v7.0.0
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Save Python virtual environment cache
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
-        with:
-          path: venv
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
+          version: 1.1
 
   determine-jobs:
     name: Determine which jobs to run
@@ -283,9 +112,15 @@ jobs:
       component-test-batches: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-batches }}
       validate-only-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.validate-only-components }}
       benchmarks: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.benchmarks }}
+      # "true" when this run is a pull request into one of the release
+      # branches. Those pull requests are batches of changes already tested on
+      # their original dev pull requests, so several jobs below trade coverage
+      # for turnaround time on them. Matched exactly, not by prefix, so an
+      # ordinary branch named e.g. "release-notes" is not caught by it.
+      release-pr: ${{ github.base_ref == 'beta' || github.base_ref == 'release' }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           # Fetch enough history to find the merge base
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -344,9 +179,174 @@ jobs:
           path: .temp/components_graph.json
           key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/*.py') }}
 
+  ci-custom:
+    name: Run script/ci-custom
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Register matcher
+        run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/ci-custom.json"
+      - name: Run script/ci-custom
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          script/ci-custom.py
+          script/build_codeowners.py --check
+          script/build_alias_registry.py --check
+          script/build_language_schema.py --check
+          script/generate-esp32-boards.py --check
+          script/generate-rp2-boards.py --check
+          script/ci_check_duplicate_test_ids.py
+          script/ci_check_test_fixture_list_form.py
+
+  pylint:
+    name: Check pylint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.python-linters == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Run pylint
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          pylint -f parseable --persistent=n esphome
+      - name: Suggested changes
+        run: script/ci-suggest-changes
+        if: always()
+
+  lint-format:
+    name: Check lint and formatting
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr == 'false' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Run prek
+        uses: j178/prek-action@4e14d07f9231acabce116ccfca13b13dd9755ece # v3.0.0
+        with:
+          # Keep in sync with requirements_test.txt.
+          prek-version: "0.4.11"
+          # This job only runs on pull requests, so nothing ever populates
+          # the cache on dev. Every run would miss and then write a per-pull
+          # request copy, which is what the old seed-cache job existed to
+          # avoid. Building the hooks from scratch takes seconds, so skip it.
+          cache: false
+        env:
+          PREK_SKIP: pylint,ci-custom
+      # Pushes any fixes the hooks made back to the pull request. This step
+      # must keep its default name: the GitHub App that performs the push
+      # locates the workflow run by that name.
+      - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@5d6cc0eb514c891a40562a58a8e71576c5c7fb43 # v1.1.0
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          msg: apply automatic formatting fixes
+
+  pytest:
+    name: Run pytest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version:
+          - "3.12"
+          - "3.13"
+          - "3.14"
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          - macOS-latest
+          - windows-latest
+        exclude:
+          # Minimize CI resource usage
+          # by only running the Python version
+          # version used for docker images on Windows and macOS
+          - python-version: "3.13"
+            os: windows-latest
+          - python-version: "3.13"
+            os: macOS-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Restore Python
+        id: restore-python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Register matcher
+        run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/pytest.json"
+      - name: Run pytest
+        if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+        run: |
+          . ./venv/Scripts/activate.ps1
+          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto tests --ignore=tests/integration/
+      - name: Run pytest
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' || matrix.os == 'macOS-latest'
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto tests --ignore=tests/integration/
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f # v7.0.0
+      - name: Save Python virtual environment cache
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+        with:
+          path: venv
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+  codecov-empty-upload:
+    name: Report no coverage to Codecov
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - determine-jobs
+    # ``pytest`` is the only job that uploads coverage, and it is skipped when
+    # every changed file is CI-irrelevant (see ``should_run_core_ci`` in
+    # ``script/determine-jobs.py``). With no upload Codecov never reports a
+    # result, so the required ``codecov/patch`` status stays pending forever and
+    # the pull request can never be merged. Tell Codecov up front that this
+    # commit has nothing to cover so it publishes a passing status instead.
+    #
+    # ``force`` skips Codecov's own check that every changed file is ignorable;
+    # ``determine-jobs`` has already decided none of these files can affect
+    # coverage, and Codecov would otherwise fail the status for paths it does
+    # not recognise as non-testable (``docker/**``, ``.yamllint``).
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'false'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Report empty upload to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          run_command: empty-upload
+          force: true
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
+
   integration-tests:
     name: Run integration tests (${{ matrix.bucket.name }})
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Must match seed-apt-cache's image: the apt cache key has no OS in it.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
       - determine-jobs
@@ -357,10 +357,20 @@ jobs:
         bucket: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-test-buckets) }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        # ccache speeds up the host compiles. A cache hit never touches apt
+        # (mirror outages cannot hang the job); the timeout bounds the cold
+        # path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache exactly;
+        # libsdl2-dev is unused here and carried only for cache-key parity.
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
+          version: 1.1
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -372,9 +382,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up uv
         # Only needed on cache miss to populate the venv.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
+          # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
+          # reuse; dev pushes seed the shared copy instead.
+          save-cache: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
           # manifest from raw.githubusercontent.com on every cache
           # miss; that fetch flakes on Windows runners.
@@ -399,6 +412,137 @@ jobs:
           mapfile -t test_files < <(echo "$BUCKET_TESTS" | jq -r '.[]')
           echo "Bucket ${{ matrix.bucket.name }}: running ${#test_files[@]} integration tests"
           pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto "${test_files[@]}"
+      - name: Print ccache statistics
+        # esphome stores the PlatformIO ccache under the machine-global cache
+        # dir (see _ccache_env() in esphome/platformio/toolchain.py).
+        run: CCACHE_DIR="$HOME/.cache/esphome/platformio-ccache" ccache -s
+
+  import-time:
+    name: Check import esphome.__main__ time
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.import-time == 'true'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Check import time against budget and write waterfall HAR
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          script/check_import_time.py --check --har importtime.har
+      - name: Upload waterfall HAR
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: import-time-waterfall
+          path: importtime.har
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 14
+
+  benchmarks:
+    name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: >-
+      github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && (
+        (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'dev') ||
+        (
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
+          needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr == 'false' &&
+          needs.determine-jobs.outputs.benchmarks == 'true'
+        )
+      )
+    # CodSpeed benchmarks require a CodSpeed account linked to the repository to run
+    # (https://codspeed.io) -- disabled on forks that aren't esphome/esphome itself.
+    #
+    # Pull requests into beta and release are skipped as well. CodSpeed compares a
+    # pull request against the newest commit of its base branch that has a benchmark
+    # run of its own, and only dev is benchmarked. A release pull request therefore
+    # falls back to dev's latest run, so every speed-up merged into dev since the
+    # release branched is reported as a regression in the release. The changes there
+    # have already been benchmarked on their original dev pull requests.
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Build benchmarks
+        id: build
+        run: |
+          # pipefail: without it a failed build is masked by the grep/cut
+          # pipeline below, leaving BINARY empty and silently dropping every
+          # C++ benchmark from the run while the job still reports success.
+          set -o pipefail
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          BENCHMARK_LIB_CONFIG=$(python script/setup_codspeed_lib.py)
+          export BENCHMARK_LIB_CONFIG
+          # --build-only prints BUILD_BINARY=<path> to stdout; the grep is
+          # non-fatal so a missing marker reaches the check below instead of
+          # tripping errexit at this assignment
+          BINARY=$(script/cpp_benchmark.py --all --build-only | { grep '^BUILD_BINARY=' || true; } | tail -1 | cut -d= -f2-)
+          if [ -z "$BINARY" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Benchmark build did not report a binary path"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "binary=$BINARY" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Bound apt fetches and pre-install libc6-dbg
+        # The CodSpeed runner installs valgrind + libc6-dbg via its own
+        # unbounded apt-get update; per-invocation apt options cannot reach
+        # it. The apt.conf.d timeouts below bound every later apt call in
+        # this job, the runner's included. Pre-installing libc6-dbg lets the
+        # runner skip apt once its valgrind cache is restored (it checks
+        # ``dpkg -s libc6-dbg``, so the cache action's unregistered restores
+        # would not count). Install without update first: image lists are
+        # fresh, and the index refresh is what a congested mirror makes
+        # slow. Best effort; the job timeout is the last backstop.
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ci-acquire-timeouts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
+          Acquire::Retries "1";
+          Acquire::http::Timeout "15";
+          Acquire::https::Timeout "15";
+          EOF
+          if dpkg -s libc6-dbg >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "libc6-dbg already installed"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          # Common path: the image's package lists are fresh enough.
+          if sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 90 \
+              apt-get install -y libc6-dbg; then
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          # Rescue path: refresh the lists once with a generous bound; the
+          # apt config already fails a stalled mirror over quickly.
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 10 30 \
+            dpkg --configure -a || true
+          sudo timeout -k 15 300 apt-get update
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive timeout -k 15 300 \
+            apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
+
+      - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@4296e51e7041e24dadb86d1d6e8b9320d223dbe8 # v5.0.3
+        with:
+          run: |
+            . venv/bin/activate
+            ${{ steps.build.outputs.binary }}
+            pytest tests/benchmarks/python/ --codspeed --no-cov
+          mode: simulation
 
   cpp-unit-tests:
     name: Run C++ unit tests
@@ -409,7 +553,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all == 'true' || needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components != '[]')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -427,43 +571,6 @@ jobs:
             script/cpp_unit_test.py $ARGS
           fi
 
-  benchmarks:
-    name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - common
-      - determine-jobs
-    if: >-
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'dev') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.benchmarks == 'true')
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-
-      - name: Restore Python
-        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
-          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-
-      - name: Build benchmarks
-        id: build
-        run: |
-          . venv/bin/activate
-          export BENCHMARK_LIB_CONFIG=$(python script/setup_codspeed_lib.py)
-          # --build-only prints BUILD_BINARY=<path> to stdout
-          BINARY=$(script/cpp_benchmark.py --all --build-only | grep '^BUILD_BINARY=' | tail -1 | cut -d= -f2-)
-          echo "binary=$BINARY" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@a4a36bb07c0638b0b4ca52bf1f3dad1b4289e52f # v4.18.1
-        with:
-          run: |
-            . venv/bin/activate
-            ${{ steps.build.outputs.binary }}
-            pytest tests/benchmarks/python/ --codspeed --no-cov
-          mode: simulation
-
   clang-tidy-single:
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -475,9 +582,10 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
       # esp32-arduino-tidy installs ESP-IDF natively; share the native IDF cache.
       ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-idf
+      # nrf52-tidy installs sdk-nrf natively; pin it to a cacheable path.
+      ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
       matrix:
         include:
           - id: clang-tidy
@@ -491,35 +599,49 @@ jobs:
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ZEPHYR
             options: --environment nrf52-tidy --grep USE_ZEPHYR --grep USE_NRF52
-            pio_cache_key: tidy-zephyr
+            cache_sdk_nrf: true
             ignore_errors: false
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for RP2
+            options: --environment rp2-tidy --grep USE_RP2
+            pio_cache_key: tidyrp2
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for LibreTiny
+            environments: bk72xx-tidy ln882h-tidy rtl87xxb-tidy rtl87xxc-tidy
+            options: --grep USE_LIBRETINY --grep USE_BK72XX --grep USE_RTL87XX --grep USE_LN882X
+            pio_cache_key: tidylibretiny
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
 
       - name: Restore Python
+        id: restore-python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
 
+      # Key on the exact Python version as well: LibreTiny creates a venv under
+      # ~/.platformio/penv whose interpreter is a symlink into the runner's
+      # hosted toolcache, so a cache saved on an older runner image breaks once
+      # a new image ships a newer patch release and drops the old interpreter.
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && matrix.pio_cache_key
         uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
-          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && matrix.pio_cache_key
         uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
-          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+          key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         if: matrix.cache_idf
@@ -527,6 +649,10 @@ jobs:
         with:
           framework: arduino
 
+      - name: Cache nRF Connect SDK install
+        if: matrix.cache_sdk_nrf
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -552,10 +678,21 @@ jobs:
           . venv/bin/activate
           if [ "${{ steps.check_full_scan.outputs.full_scan }}" = "true" ]; then
             echo "Running FULL clang-tidy scan (reason: ${{ steps.check_full_scan.outputs.reason }})"
-            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix ${{ matrix.options }} ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
+            changed=""
           else
             echo "Running clang-tidy on changed files only"
-            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix --changed ${{ matrix.options }} ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
+            changed="--changed"
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${{ matrix.environments }}" ]; then
+            rc=0
+            for env in ${{ matrix.environments }}; do
+              echo "::group::clang-tidy $env"
+              script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix $changed --environment "$env" ${{ matrix.options }} ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }} || rc=1
+              echo "::endgroup::"
+            done
+            exit $rc
+          else
+            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix $changed ${{ matrix.options }} ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
           fi
         env:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
@@ -579,7 +716,7 @@ jobs:
       ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-idf
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -644,7 +781,6 @@ jobs:
       ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-idf
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 3
       matrix:
         include:
           - id: clang-tidy
@@ -659,7 +795,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -724,12 +860,12 @@ jobs:
       ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-idf
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 3
       matrix:
         include:
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 S3
-            options: --environment esp32s3-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+            # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
+            options: --environment esp32s3-idf-tidy --grep SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 --grep USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 P4
             # P4 has no native Wi-Fi/BLE; those run over the hosted co-processor,
@@ -739,11 +875,11 @@ jobs:
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 C6
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
-            options: --environment esp32c6-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 --grep USE_OPENTHREAD --grep USE_ZIGBEE
+            options: --environment esp32c6-idf-tidy --grep SOC_LP_I2C_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 --grep USE_OPENTHREAD --grep USE_ZIGBEE
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -795,7 +931,7 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
 
   test-build-components-split:
-    name: Test components batch (${{ matrix.components }})
+    name: Test components batch (${{ matrix.batch.components }})
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
@@ -805,11 +941,13 @@ jobs:
       # esp32 component builds use the native ESP-IDF toolchain (default), so
       # share the tidy jobs' install location -- the restore below lands here.
       ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-idf
+      # nrf52 component builds install sdk-nrf natively; pin it to the shared
+      # cacheable path so the restore below lands where the build looks.
+      ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ (startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') || startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')) && 8 || 4 }}
       matrix:
-        components: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-batches) }}
+        batch: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-batches) }}
     steps:
       - name: Show disk space
         run: |
@@ -817,27 +955,43 @@ jobs:
           df -h
 
       - name: List components
-        run: echo ${{ matrix.components }}
+        run: echo ${{ matrix.batch.components }}
 
-      - name: Cache apt packages
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        # A cache hit (seeded on dev by seed-apt-cache) never touches apt,
+        # so mirror outages cannot hang this PR-only job; the timeout bounds
+        # the cold path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
+        # exactly. The action has no --no-install-recommends; same package
+        # set this job used before #17463.
+        timeout-minutes: 10
         uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
         with:
           packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
           version: 1.1
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install (restore-only)
-        # A batch may contain no esp32 build, so never save -- just reuse the
-        # shared install the dev tidy jobs already cached when present.
+        # Only batches whose test platforms include esp32 need the native
+        # ESP-IDF install; never save -- just reuse the shared install the
+        # dev tidy jobs already cached when present.
+        if: matrix.batch.needs_idf
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
         with:
           restore-only: true
+      - name: Cache nRF Connect SDK install (restore-only)
+        # Only batches whose test platforms include nrf52 need the native
+        # sdk-nrf install; never save -- just reuse the shared install the
+        # dev nrf52 tidy job cached when present.
+        if: matrix.batch.needs_nrf
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf
+        with:
+          restore-only: true
       - name: Validate and compile components with intelligent grouping
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
@@ -868,7 +1022,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
           # Convert space-separated components to comma-separated for Python script
-          components_csv=$(echo "${{ matrix.components }}" | tr ' ' ',')
+          components_csv=$(echo "${{ matrix.batch.components }}" | tr ' ' ',')
 
           # Only isolate directly changed components when targeting dev branch
           # For beta/release branches, group everything for faster CI
@@ -878,7 +1032,7 @@ jobs:
           # - This catches pin conflicts and other issues in directly changed code
           # - Grouped tests use --testing-mode to allow config merging (disables some checks)
           # - Dependencies are safe to group since they weren't modified in this PR
-          if [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == beta* ]] || [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == release* ]]; then
+          if [[ "${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr }}" == "true" ]]; then
             directly_changed_csv=""
             echo "Testing components: $components_csv"
             echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - grouping all components"
@@ -961,7 +1115,7 @@ jobs:
       TEST_COMPONENTS: ${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.esp32-platformio-components }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -987,26 +1141,62 @@ jobs:
           # Arduino framework via PlatformIO (only components with an esp32-ard test are built):
           python3 script/test_build_components.py -e compile -t esp32-ard -c "$TEST_COMPONENTS" -f --toolchain platformio
 
-  pre-commit-ci-lite:
-    name: pre-commit.ci lite
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  device-builder:
+    name: Test downstream esphome/device-builder
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
       - determine-jobs
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release') && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.device-builder == 'true'
     steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
-      - name: Restore Python
-        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+      - name: Check out esphome (this PR)
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
-          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - uses: esphome/pre-commit-action@43cd1109c09c544d97196f7730ee5b2e0cc6d81e # v3.0.1 fork with pinned actions/cache
-        env:
-          SKIP: pylint,ci-custom
-      - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@5d6cc0eb514c891a40562a58a8e71576c5c7fb43 # v1.1.0
-        if: always()
+          path: esphome
+      - name: Check out esphome/device-builder
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          repository: esphome/device-builder
+          ref: main
+          path: device-builder
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Set up uv
+        # Mirrors the install shape device-builder's own CI uses
+        # (esphome/device-builder#192): uv replaces pip for the
+        # install step (order-of-magnitude faster on cold boots,
+        # with its own wheel cache). actions/setup-python still
+        # provides the interpreter.
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
+          # reuse; dev pushes seed the shared copy instead.
+          save-cache: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
+          # manifest from raw.githubusercontent.com on every cache
+          # miss; that fetch flakes on Windows runners.
+          version: "0.11.15"
+      - name: Install device-builder + esphome from PR
+        # Install device-builder with its esphome + test extras
+        # first so its pinned versions of pytest/etc. land, then
+        # overlay the PR's esphome so the downstream tests run
+        # against this PR's Python code. ``--system`` installs into
+        # the runner's Python instead of a venv.
+        run: |
+          uv pip install --system -e './device-builder[esphome,test]'
+          uv pip install --system -e ./esphome
+      - name: Run device-builder pytest
+        # ``-n auto`` runs under pytest-xdist (matches device-builder's
+        # own CI). No ``--cov`` here -- this is purely a downstream
+        # smoke check against this PR's esphome code. ``tests/e2e/slow``
+        # is excluded: those are real multi-minute toolchain compiles
+        # (LibreTiny SDK clone, native ESP-IDF install) that device-builder
+        # runs in its own dedicated jobs, not this smoke check.
+        working-directory: device-builder
+        run: pytest -q -n auto --maxfail=5 --durations=30 --no-cov --ignore=tests/benchmarks --ignore=tests/e2e/slow
 
   memory-impact-target-branch:
     name: Build target branch for memory impact
@@ -1022,7 +1212,7 @@ jobs:
       skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip || steps.check-tests.outputs.skip }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out target branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
 
@@ -1204,7 +1394,7 @@ jobs:
       flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out PR branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -1273,7 +1463,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -1307,21 +1497,28 @@ jobs:
   ci-status:
     name: CI Status
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    # Listed in the same order the jobs are defined above. One job is
+    # deliberately left out: "benchmarks" reports through CodSpeed rather than
+    # this check.
     needs:
       - common
+      - seed-apt-cache
+      - determine-jobs
       - ci-custom
       - pylint
+      - lint-format
       - pytest
+      - codecov-empty-upload
       - integration-tests
+      - import-time
+      - cpp-unit-tests
       - clang-tidy-single
       - clang-tidy-nosplit
       - clang-tidy-split
       - clang-tidy-esp32-variants
-      - determine-jobs
-      - device-builder
       - test-build-components-split
       - test-esp32-platformio
-      - pre-commit-ci-lite
+      - device-builder
       - memory-impact-target-branch
       - memory-impact-pr-branch
       - memory-impact-comment
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
index 9b1333734e..bb1d1e2d7a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout base branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
           sparse-checkout: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml
index da9c5f63d6..38a4b8ff0e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout base branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 5a448c4003..b46f9adab6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ jobs:
             # your codebase is analyzed, see https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@8aad20d150bbac5944a9f9d289da16a4b0d87c1e # v4.36.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@db488ddef3bf6cb639b32c2e9a7c0a7ea8271d28 # v4.37.8
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@8aad20d150bbac5944a9f9d289da16a4b0d87c1e # v4.36.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@db488ddef3bf6cb639b32c2e9a7c0a7ea8271d28 # v4.37.8
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lock.yml b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
index 5e70117652..e09e9bf2d1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lock.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lock.yml
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       issues: write         # issues.lock on closed issues
       pull-requests: write  # issues.lock on closed pull requests
-    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@025a1e6255610c498ed590403b7e510b69e474df  # 2026.4.1
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@0fdd5e311b7e744069166696072a1a9cbc5fbeb6  # 2026.8.1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
index 2bb6505b74..3a89c26cd3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Validate PR title
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd3b7207b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+name: Nightly Dev Release
+
+# Works out the dated dev tag and starts the release workflow with it, so that
+# the release run is named after the tag it builds. A workflow run name is
+# fixed when the run starts and cannot read a file or the current date.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 2 * * *"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read  # actions/checkout to read the version from esphome/const.py
+
+jobs:
+  trigger:
+    name: Start release build
+    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read  # actions/checkout to read the version from esphome/const.py
+      actions: write  # gh workflow run starts release.yml
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
+      - name: Start the release workflow
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          VERSION=$(sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p" esphome/const.py)
+          if [[ -z "$VERSION" ]]; then
+            echo "::error::Could not read __version__ from esphome/const.py"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          TAG="${VERSION}$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
+          echo "Starting release build for ${TAG}"
+          gh workflow run release.yml --ref "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" --field tag="${TAG}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 20a77b152d..d0dee8165c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 ---
 name: Publish Release
 
+# Releases (production and beta) are named after the version they publish.
+# Dev builds are named after the dated dev tag, which is passed in by the
+# nightly workflow because a run name cannot compute it itself.
+run-name: ${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.event.release.tag_name || format('Manual build ({0})', github.ref_name) }}
+
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: >-
+          Tag to build. Only supported on dev, where the nightly workflow
+          uses it. Leave empty to build the version from esphome/const.py
+          with today's date appended.
+        required: false
+        default: ""
   release:
     types: [published]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 2 * * *"
 
 permissions:
   contents: read  # actions/checkout for all jobs; deploy jobs add their own scopes when they need to write
@@ -20,9 +31,11 @@ jobs:
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
       deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
+        env:
+          INPUT_TAG: ${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
         run: |
           if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]]; then
@@ -34,12 +47,23 @@ jobs:
               ENVIRONMENT="production"
             fi
           else
-            TAG=$(cat esphome/const.py | sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p")
-            today="$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
-            TAG="${TAG}${today}"
             BRANCH=${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+            # The nightly workflow passes the finished tag so that the run name
+            # matches what is built. Without it, work it out here.
+            TAG="${INPUT_TAG}"
+            if [[ -n "$TAG" && "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
+              echo "::error::The tag input is only supported on dev. A build from ${BRANCH} has to use the tag worked out here, which carries the branch name, so that it cannot publish over the dev, beta, latest or stable images."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            if [[ -z "$TAG" ]]; then
+              TAG=$(cat esphome/const.py | sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p")
+              today="$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
+              TAG="${TAG}${today}"
+              if [[ "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
+                TAG="${TAG}-${BRANCH}"
+              fi
+            fi
             if [[ "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
-              TAG="${TAG}-${BRANCH}"
               BRANCH_BUILD="true"
               ENVIRONMENT=""
             else
@@ -60,9 +84,9 @@ jobs:
       contents: read   # actions/checkout to build the sdist/wheel
       id-token: write  # OIDC token for PyPI Trusted Publishing (pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish)
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Build
@@ -70,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           pip3 install build
           python3 -m build
       - name: Publish
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@dc37677b2e1c63e2034f94d8a5b11f265b73ba33 # v1.14.2
         with:
           skip-existing: true
 
@@ -92,22 +116,22 @@ jobs:
             os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -168,7 +192,7 @@ jobs:
           - ghcr
           - dockerhub
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Download digests
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
@@ -178,17 +202,17 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@37fe631027851001ddb9b187196cc803df7f5f0e # v4.3.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         if: matrix.registry == 'dockerhub'
-        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: matrix.registry == 'ghcr'
-        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index 7003f6c482..aa31094f81 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -6,61 +6,46 @@ on:
     - cron: "30 0 * * *"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write         # actions/stale labels, comments on, and closes stale issues
-  pull-requests: write  # actions/stale labels, comments on, and closes stale pull requests
-
-concurrency:
-  group: lock
+# The reusable workflow authenticates as the ESPHome GitHub App, so GITHUB_TOKEN
+# needs no permissions at all.
+permissions: {}
 
 jobs:
   stale:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'esphome'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Stale
-        uses: actions/stale@eb5cf3af3ac0a1aa4c9c45633dd1ae542a27a899 # v10.3.0
-        with:
-          debug-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' }} # Dry-run when not run on dev branch
-          remove-stale-when-updated: true
-          operations-per-run: 400
+    # No GITHUB_TOKEN permissions: the reusable workflow mints an ESPHome
+    # GitHub App token so the labels, comments and closures come from
+    # esphome[bot] instead of github-actions[bot].
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@a1c1485ab46ef41a84a6a9d8abd7fa4b7628fd70  # main
+    secrets:
+      ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+    with:
+      # Live only on dev: a workflow_dispatch from any other branch is a dry run
+      dry-run: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' }}
+      days-before-stale: 90
+      days-before-close: 7
+      stale-label: stale
+      exempt-label: not-stale
+      ignored-users: esphbot,codecov-commenter
+      stale-pr-message: >
+        There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This
+        pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that
+        and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days.
 
-          # The 90 day stale policy for PRs
-          # - PRs
-          # - No PRs marked as "not-stale"
-          # - No Issues (see below)
-          days-before-pr-stale: 90
-          days-before-pr-close: 7
-          stale-pr-label: "stale"
-          exempt-pr-labels: "not-stale"
-          stale-pr-message: >
-            There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This
-            pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that
-            and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days.
+        If you are the author of this PR, please leave a comment if you want
+        to keep it open. Also, please rebase your PR onto the latest dev
+        branch to ensure that it's up to date with the latest changes.
 
-            If you are the author of this PR, please leave a comment if you want
-            to keep it open. Also, please rebase your PR onto the latest dev
-            branch to ensure that it's up to date with the latest changes.
+        Thank you for your contribution!
+      stale-issue-message: >
+        There hasn't been any activity on this issue recently. Due to the
+        high number of incoming GitHub notifications, we have to clean some
+        of the old issues, as many of them have already been resolved with
+        the latest updates.
 
-            Thank you for your contribution!
+        Please make sure to update to the latest ESPHome version and
+        check if that solves the issue. Let us know if that works for you by
+        adding a comment 👍
 
-          # The 90 day stale policy for Issues
-          # - Issues
-          # - No Issues marked as "not-stale"
-          # - No PRs (see above)
-          days-before-issue-stale: 90
-          days-before-issue-close: 7
-          stale-issue-label: "stale"
-          exempt-issue-labels: "not-stale"
-          stale-issue-message: >
-            There hasn't been any activity on this issue recently. Due to the
-            high number of incoming GitHub notifications, we have to clean some
-            of the old issues, as many of them have already been resolved with
-            the latest updates.
-
-            Please make sure to update to the latest ESPHome version and
-            check if that solves the issue. Let us know if that works for you by
-            adding a comment 👍
-
-            This issue has now been marked as stale and will be closed if no
-            further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.
+        This issue has now been marked as stale and will be closed if no
+        further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml b/.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml
index d27cc0cbec..72987c25b1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ on:
     types: [opened, reopened, labeled, unlabeled, synchronize]
 
 permissions:
-  pull-requests: read  # issues.listLabelsOnIssue to detect blocking labels (needs-docs, merge-after-release, chained-pr)
+  pull-requests: read  # issues.listLabelsOnIssue to detect blocking labels (needs-docs, needs-developer-docs, merge-after-release, chained-pr)
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
-            const blockingLabels = ['needs-docs', 'merge-after-release', 'chained-pr'];
+            const blockingLabels = ['needs-docs', 'needs-developer-docs', 'merge-after-release', 'chained-pr'];
             const { data: labels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue({
               owner: context.repo.owner,
               repo: context.repo.repo,
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml
index 0501d6d364..9100064176 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml
@@ -28,26 +28,26 @@ jobs:
           permission-pull-requests: write  # pulls.create / pulls.update to open or refresh the sync PR
 
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Checkout Home Assistant
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           repository: home-assistant/core
           path: lib/home-assistant
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.14"
 
       - name: Set up uv
         # An order of magnitude faster than pip on cold boots, with its
         # own wheel cache. ``--system`` (below) installs into the
-        # setup-python interpreter so subsequent ``pre-commit`` /
+        # setup-python interpreter so subsequent ``prek`` /
         # ``script/run-in-env.py`` steps find the deps without a
         # ``uv run`` prefix.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@20cfd1bf945f4377ade1205e4dbc17946fc9a30d # v10.0.1
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Home Assistant
         run: |
           uv pip install --system -e lib/home-assistant
-          uv pip install --system -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt pre-commit
+          uv pip install --system -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt
 
       - name: Sync
         run: |
           python ./script/sync-device_class.py
 
-      - name: Apply pre-commit auto-fixes
+      - name: Apply prek auto-fixes
         # First pass: let formatters (ruff, end-of-file-fixer, etc.) modify
-        # files. pre-commit exits non-zero whenever a hook touches anything,
+        # files. prek exits non-zero whenever a hook touches anything,
         # which would otherwise abort the workflow before the auto-fixes
         # can flow into the sync PR.
         #
-        # SKIP:
+        # PREK_SKIP:
         #   - no-commit-to-branch is a local guard against committing on
         #     dev/release/beta; CI runs on dev by definition, and
         #     peter-evans/create-pull-request creates the branch itself.
@@ -79,25 +79,25 @@ jobs:
         #     the runtime deps (HA + requirements*.txt); main CI already
         #     gates pylint on real PRs.
         env:
-          SKIP: pylint,no-commit-to-branch
-        run: python script/run-in-env.py pre-commit run --all-files || true
+          PREK_SKIP: pylint,no-commit-to-branch
+        run: python script/run-in-env.py prek run --all-files || true
 
-      - name: Verify pre-commit clean
+      - name: Verify prek clean
         # Second pass: re-run all hooks against the now-fixed tree.
         # Auto-fixers exit 0 (nothing to change); any remaining failure
         # from a check-only hook (flake8 / yamllint / ci-custom) is a
-        # real issue and fails the workflow loudly. Same SKIP list as
+        # real issue and fails the workflow loudly. Same PREK_SKIP list as
         # above for the same reasons.
         env:
-          SKIP: pylint,no-commit-to-branch
-        run: python script/run-in-env.py pre-commit run --all-files
+          PREK_SKIP: pylint,no-commit-to-branch
+        run: python script/run-in-env.py prek run --all-files
 
       - name: Commit changes
         uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1 # v8.1.1
         with:
           commit-message: "Synchronise Device Classes from Home Assistant"
-          committer: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>
-          author: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>
+          committer: esphome[bot] <115708604+esphome[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+          author: esphome[bot] <115708604+esphome[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
           branch: sync/device-classes
           delete-branch: true
           title: "Synchronise Device Classes from Home Assistant"
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index de3e4fa68e..fdb75824fb 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -133,6 +133,8 @@ CTestTestfile.cmake
 .gcc-flags.json
 
 config/
+# Test fixture config/ directories are tracked (the rule above is the dashboard dir)
+!tests/component_tests/**/config/
 tests/build/
 tests/.esphome/
 /.temp-clang-tidy.cpp
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index da424f516f..0ea799aa4d 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.15
+    rev: v0.16.3
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 9a01626ee4..f006ee6087 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         - Function-local constants: `lower_snake_case`
         - Protected/private fields: `lower_snake_case_with_trailing_underscore_`
         - Favor descriptive names over abbreviations
+        - Enumerator names: prefix every value of an `enum class` with the enum name converted to
+          `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE` (e.g. `UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS`). Never use bare
+          names like `SUCCESS`, `FAILURE`, `OK`, or `FAIL`: platform SDK headers define macros with
+          these common names (for example the Realtek SDKs used by LibreTiny define
+          `#define SUCCESS 0` in `basic_types.h`), and the preprocessor replaces the enumerator
+          before the compiler sees it, breaking the build and clang-tidy on those platforms.
 
 *   **Python Idioms:**
     *   **Assignment expressions (PEP 572):** Prefer the walrus operator (`:=`) wherever it removes a redundant lookup or a throwaway temporary. The most common case in component code is presence-checking a config key and then indexing it separately — fetch once with `.get()` and bind in the condition instead:
@@ -191,11 +197,14 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         my_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("my_component")
         MyComponent = my_component_ns.class_("MyComponent", cg.Component)
 
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
-            cv.Required(CONF_KEY): cv.string,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PARAM, default=42): cv.int_,
-        }).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
+                cv.Required(CONF_KEY): cv.string,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_PARAM, default=42): cv.int_,
+            }
+        ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
 
         async def to_code(config):
             var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -229,7 +238,12 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         - **Sensor:**
           ```python
           from esphome.components import sensor
-          CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(MySensor).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+
+          CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(MySensor).extend(
+              cv.polling_component_schema("60s")
+          )
+
+
           async def to_code(config):
               var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
               await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -238,7 +252,10 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         - **Binary Sensor:**
           ```python
           from esphome.components import binary_sensor
-          CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend({ ... })
+
+          CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend({...})
+
+
           async def to_code(config):
               var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
           ```
@@ -246,7 +263,10 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         - **Switch:**
           ```python
           from esphome.components import switch
-          CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema().extend({ ... })
+
+          CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema().extend({...})
+
+
           async def to_code(config):
               var = await switch.new_switch(config)
           ```
@@ -263,10 +283,13 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         ```python
         from esphome import automation
 
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
-        }).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            }
+        ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
 
         async def to_code(config):
             var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -316,11 +339,14 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         ```python
         TurnOnTrigger = my_ns.class_("TurnOnTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
 
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_ON): automation.validate_automation(
-                {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(TurnOnTrigger)}
-            ),
-        })
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_ON): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(TurnOnTrigger)}
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+
 
         async def to_code(config):
             for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TURN_ON, []):
@@ -368,7 +394,10 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         ```
         Register with `@automation.register_condition("my_component.is_active", MyCondition, schema)`.
 
+*   **Type Hints:** Type-hint all function signatures, including test functions and config validators (e.g. `def validate_x(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:`, `def test_x() -> None:`). Import `ConfigType` from `esphome.types`.
+
 *   **Configuration Validation:**
+    *   **Reuse existing validators:** Before writing a custom validator, check for an existing one in `config_validation.py` and compose it in `cv.All(...)` rather than duplicating logic across components. For example, rename a config key with `cv.rename_key(CONF_OLD, CONF_NEW, removed_in="2026.6.0")`, and reject mutually-exclusive keys with `cv.has_at_most_one_key(...)` / `cv.has_exactly_one_key(...)`. See how `api` composes `cv.has_exactly_one_key` + `cv.rename_key`.
     *   **Common Validators:** `cv.int_`, `cv.float_`, `cv.string`, `cv.boolean`, `cv.int_range(min=0, max=100)`, `cv.positive_int`, `cv.percentage`.
     *   **Complex Validation:** `cv.All(cv.string, cv.Length(min=1, max=50))`, `cv.Any(cv.int_, cv.string)`.
     *   **Platform-Specific:** `cv.only_on(["esp32", "esp8266"])`, `esp32.only_on_variant(...)`, `cv.only_on_esp32`, `cv.only_on_esp8266`, `cv.only_on_rp2040`.
@@ -381,6 +410,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
          .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
          .extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
         ```
+    *   **Constants:** `esphome/const.py` is frozen — do not add new `CONF_` constants there. Define a component-local constant in the component's own `.py` (as with `CONF_PARAM` above); for a constant shared by multiple components, add it to `esphome/components/const/__init__.py`. CI (`lint_constants_usage`) fails if the same constant is defined in three or more component files. Constants used in core files (i.e. those not under `esphome/components`) may be added to `esphome/const.py` but will require adjustment to the CI validation check.
 
 ## 5. Key Files & Entrypoints
 
@@ -388,7 +418,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 *   **Configuration:**
     *   `pyproject.toml`: Defines the Python project metadata and dependencies.
     *   `platformio.ini`: Configures the PlatformIO build environments for different microcontrollers.
-    *   `.pre-commit-config.yaml`: Configures the pre-commit hooks for linting and formatting.
+    *   `.pre-commit-config.yaml`: Configures the lint and format hooks, run by `prek`.
 *   **CI/CD Pipeline:** Defined in `.github/workflows`.
 *   **Static Analysis & Development:**
     *   `esphome/core/defines.h`: A comprehensive header file containing all `#define` directives that can be added by components using `cg.add_define()` in Python. This file is used exclusively for development, static analysis tools, and CI testing - it is not used during runtime compilation. When developing components that add new defines, they must be added to this file to ensure proper IDE support and static analysis coverage. The file includes feature flags, build configurations, and platform-specific defines that help static analyzers understand the complete codebase without needing to compile for specific platforms.
@@ -396,7 +426,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 ## 6. Development & Testing Workflow
 
 *   **Local Development Environment:** Use the provided Docker container or create a Python virtual environment and install dependencies from `requirements_dev.txt`.
-*   **Running Commands:** Use the `script/run-in-env.py` script to execute commands within the project's virtual environment. For example, to run the linter: `python3 script/run-in-env.py pre-commit run`.
+*   **Running Commands:** Use the `script/run-in-env.py` script to execute commands within the project's virtual environment. For example, to run the linter: `python3 script/run-in-env.py prek run`.
 *   **Testing:**
     *   **Python:** Run unit tests with `pytest`.
     *   **C++:** Use `clang-tidy` for static analysis.
@@ -427,13 +457,14 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
         When a PR's only edits to a component are `validate.*.yaml` files (no source changes, no `test.*.yaml` changes, and the component isn't pulled in as a dependency of another changed component), CI skips the compile stage for that component entirely and only runs config validation. This is decided in `script/determine-jobs.py` via `_component_change_is_validate_only` and surfaced as the `validate_only_components` output that the `test-build-components-split` job consumes.
 
-    *   **Test Grouping with Packages:** Components that use shared bus packages can be grouped together in CI to reduce build count. **Never define buses (uart, i2c, spi, modbus) directly in test YAML files** — always use packages from `test_build_components/common/`:
+    *   **Test Grouping with Packages:** Components that use shared bus packages can be grouped together in CI to reduce build count. **Never define buses (uart, i2c, spi, modbus) directly in test YAML files** — always use packages from `test_build_components/common/`.
+
+        All includes in test files must go through dict-style `packages:` so that batch grouping works correctly — the grouping scripts only understand dict-style packages. Never use list-style packages (`packages: [- !include ...]`) or top-level merge keys (`<<: !include common.yaml`). Bus packages are keyed by the bus name; the component's `common.yaml` is keyed by the component name (e.g. `cst328: !include common.yaml`):
         ```yaml
-        # test.esp32-idf.yaml — use packages for buses
+        # test.esp32-idf.yaml — everything included via named packages
         packages:
           uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-        <<: !include common.yaml
+          my_component: !include common.yaml
         ```
         ```yaml
         # common.yaml — component config only, NO bus definitions
@@ -468,9 +499,9 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     1.  **Fork & Branch:** Create a new branch based on the `dev` branch (always use `git checkout -b <branch-name> dev` to ensure you're branching from `dev`, not the currently checked out branch).
     2.  **Make Changes:** Adhere to all coding conventions and patterns.
     3.  **Test:** Create component tests for all supported platforms and run the full test suite locally.
-    4.  **Lint:** Run `pre-commit` to ensure code is compliant.
+    4.  **Lint:** Run `prek` to ensure code is compliant.
     5.  **Commit:** Commit your changes. There is no strict format for commit messages.
-    6.  **Pull Request:** Submit a PR against the `dev` branch. The Pull Request title should have a prefix of the component being worked on (e.g., `[display] Fix bug`, `[abc123] Add new component`). Update documentation, examples, and add `CODEOWNERS` entries as needed. Pull requests should always be made using the `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md` template - fill out all sections completely without removing any parts of the template.
+    6.  **Pull Request:** Submit a PR against the `dev` branch. The Pull Request title must start with a `[tag]` prefix. For component work, use the component name (e.g., `[display] Fix bug`, `[abc123] Add new component`); for changes to shared/core code that isn't tied to a single component, use `[core]` (e.g., `[core] Add validator`). Update documentation, examples, and add `CODEOWNERS` entries as needed. Pull requests should always be made using the `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md` template - fill out all sections completely without removing any parts of the template.
 
 *   **Documentation Contributions:**
     *   Documentation is hosted in the separate `esphome/esphome.io` repository.
@@ -616,6 +647,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         _component_state = []
         _use_feature = None
 
+
         def enable_feature():
             global _use_feature
             _use_feature = True
@@ -635,20 +667,24 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
         DOMAIN = "my_component"
 
+
         @dataclass
         class MyComponentData:
             feature_enabled: bool = False
             item_count: int = 0
             items: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
 
+
         def _get_data() -> MyComponentData:
             if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
                 CORE.data[DOMAIN] = MyComponentData()
             return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
 
+
         def request_feature() -> None:
             _get_data().feature_enabled = True
 
+
         def add_item(item: str) -> None:
             _get_data().items.append(item)
         ```
@@ -703,10 +739,22 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     ```
 
 *   **Deprecation Pattern (Python):**
+    For a renamed config key, use the shared `cv.rename_key` validator with `removed_in` (and `component` for context) — it warns and auto-migrates:
+    ```python
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+        cv.rename_key(
+            CONF_OLD_KEY, CONF_NEW_KEY, removed_in="2026.6.0", component="my_component"
+        ),
+        cv.Schema({ ... }),
+    )
+    ```
+    For other deprecations, warn manually during validation:
     ```python
     # Remove before 2026.6.0
     if CONF_OLD_KEY in config:
-        _LOGGER.warning(f"'{CONF_OLD_KEY}' deprecated, use '{CONF_NEW_KEY}'. Removed in 2026.6.0")
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            f"'{CONF_OLD_KEY}' deprecated, use '{CONF_NEW_KEY}'. Removed in 2026.6.0"
+        )
         config[CONF_NEW_KEY] = config.pop(CONF_OLD_KEY)  # Auto-migrate
     ```
 ## 9. English Language
@@ -715,3 +763,13 @@ The project uses English for non-code content. When drafting documentation, code
 PR descriptions, and similar text, avoid technical jargon. Instead, express concepts in plain English,
 using standard technical terms only when required. Ensure the text is readily comprehensible to a wide
 audience, including non-native English speakers.
+
+## 10. Code Comments
+
+Code comments on individual lines should be used only where necessary to flag issues that may not be obvious
+on a simple reading of the code. Keep them short (e.g. 1 or 2 lines).
+
+Function and method comment blocks may include more detail as required to make
+calling contracts clear and document parameter usage, but should still be kept concise.
+
+Avoid redundancy and repetition; comments should never simply restate what the code already says.
diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index d2c92f44ce..b898788b1a 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -69,12 +69,16 @@ esphome/components/bh1750/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/bh1900nux/* @B48D81EFCC
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bk72xx/* @kuba2k2
+esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/* @Bl00d-B0b
+esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/* @Bl00d-B0b
 esphome/components/bl0906/* @athom-tech @jesserockz @tarontop
 esphome/components/bl0939/* @ziceva
 esphome/components/bl0940/* @dan-s-github @tobias-
 esphome/components/bl0942/* @dbuezas @dwmw2
 esphome/components/ble_client/* @buxtronix @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/ble_device_base/* @Bl00d-B0b
 esphome/components/ble_nus/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/* @bdraco @jesserockz
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @bdraco @jesserockz
 esphome/components/bm8563/* @abmantis
 esphome/components/bme280_base/* @esphome/core
@@ -122,6 +126,7 @@ esphome/components/cover/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/cs5460a/* @balrog-kun
 esphome/components/cse7761/* @berfenger
 esphome/components/cst226/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/cst328/* @latonita
 esphome/components/cst816/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/cst9220/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ct_clamp/* @jesserockz
@@ -144,6 +149,7 @@ esphome/components/dlms_meter/* @latonita @PolarGoose @SimonFischer04 @Tomer27cz
 esphome/components/dps310/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ds1307/* @badbadc0ffee
 esphome/components/ds2484/* @mrk-its
+esphome/components/ds248x/* @tomwellnitz
 esphome/components/dsmr/* @glmnet @PolarGoose
 esphome/components/duty_time/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/ee895/* @Stock-M
@@ -186,6 +192,7 @@ esphome/components/ezo_pmp/* @carlos-sarmiento
 esphome/components/factory_reset/* @anatoly-savchenkov
 esphome/components/fastled_base/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/feedback/* @ianchi
+esphome/components/file/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/* @alexborro @loongyh @OnFreund
 esphome/components/font/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core
 esphome/components/fs3000/* @kahrendt
@@ -207,6 +214,7 @@ esphome/components/gree/switch/* @nagyrobi
 esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/* @YorkshireIoT
 esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/* @max246
 esphome/components/growatt_solar/* @leeuwte
+esphome/components/gsl3670/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/gt911/* @clydebarrow @jesserockz
 esphome/components/haier/* @paveldn
 esphome/components/haier/binary_sensor/* @paveldn
@@ -230,6 +238,7 @@ esphome/components/hlw8032/* @rici4kubicek
 esphome/components/hm3301/* @freekode
 esphome/components/hmac_md5/* @dwmw2
 esphome/components/hmac_sha256/* @dwmw2
+esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/* @zweckj
 esphome/components/homeassistant/* @esphome/core @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/homeassistant/number/* @landonr
 esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/* @Links2004
@@ -281,6 +290,7 @@ esphome/components/ld2412/* @Rihan9
 esphome/components/ld2420/* @descipher
 esphome/components/ld2450/* @hareeshmu
 esphome/components/ld24xx/* @kbx81
+esphome/components/ld6002b/* @hepter
 esphome/components/ledc/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/libretiny/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/* @kuba2k2
@@ -288,6 +298,8 @@ esphome/components/light/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/* @max246
 esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/lm75b/* @beormund
+esphome/components/ln882h_ble/* @Bl00d-B0b
+esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/* @Bl00d-B0b
 esphome/components/ln882x/* @lamauny
 esphome/components/lock/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/logger/* @esphome/core
@@ -342,6 +354,7 @@ esphome/components/mlx90393/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/mlx90614/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mmc5603/* @benhoff
 esphome/components/mmc5983/* @agoode
+esphome/components/modbus_client/* @exciton
 esphome/components/modbus_controller/* @martgras
 esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/* @martgras
 esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/* @martgras
@@ -368,6 +381,7 @@ esphome/components/nextion/switch/* @senexcrenshaw
 esphome/components/nextion/text_sensor/* @senexcrenshaw
 esphome/components/nfc/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/noblex/* @AGalfra
+esphome/components/noise/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/npi19/* @bakerkj
 esphome/components/nrf52/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/number/* @esphome/core
@@ -403,6 +417,7 @@ esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/pn7160_spi/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/power_supply/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/preferences/* @esphome/core
+esphome/components/provisioning/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/psram/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/pulse_meter/* @cstaahl @stevebaxter @TrentHouliston
 esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/* @pasiz
@@ -425,10 +440,11 @@ esphome/components/rf_bridge/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rgbct/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/ring_buffer/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/router/speaker/* @kahrendt
-esphome/components/rp2040/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/rp2/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/* @Papa-DMan
 esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/rtl87xx/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet @ximex
@@ -451,6 +467,7 @@ esphome/components/sen21231/* @shreyaskarnik
 esphome/components/sen5x/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sen6x/* @martgras @mebner86 @tuct
 esphome/components/sendspin/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/sendspin/image/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sendspin/media_source/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/* @kahrendt
@@ -459,6 +476,7 @@ esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/serial_proxy/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
+esphome/components/sfa40/* @NoQuarrel
 esphome/components/sgp40/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sgp4x/* @martgras @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sha256/* @esphome/core
@@ -501,6 +519,7 @@ esphome/components/ssd1331_base/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ssd1351_base/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/* @kbx81
+esphome/components/st7123/* @miniskipper
 esphome/components/st7567_base/* @latonita
 esphome/components/st7567_i2c/* @latonita
 esphome/components/st7567_spi/* @latonita
@@ -618,6 +637,7 @@ esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/* @nielsnl68 @numo68
 esphome/components/xxtea/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/zephyr/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/* @wiomoc
 esphome/components/zhlt01/* @cfeenstra1024
 esphome/components/zigbee/* @luar123 @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/* @kahrendt
diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 9f4e20b977..8f6048b4d8 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.7.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.9.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
index e426627e8d..1626261fb6 100644
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ recursive-include esphome *.cpp *.h *.tcc *.c
 recursive-include esphome *.py.script
 recursive-include esphome *.jinja
 recursive-include esphome LICENSE.txt
+recursive-include esphome requirements.txt
diff --git a/THREAT_MODEL.md b/THREAT_MODEL.md
index a4355a5055..5816f38176 100644
--- a/THREAT_MODEL.md
+++ b/THREAT_MODEL.md
@@ -79,6 +79,48 @@ These *are* security bugs in this repo, and we want to hear about them privately
 - Flaws that weaken the device's API encryption (Noise), OTA, or web server auth
   below their documented guarantees.
 
+## The web server is an open HTTP API by design
+
+The `web_server` component exposes a plain HTTP interface for viewing and
+controlling entities, and, when the `web_server` OTA platform is enabled, for
+uploading firmware at `/update`. Its only access controls are the optional
+`web_server` `auth:` credentials and the network the device sits on.
+
+When `auth:` is not configured, every endpoint is reachable by any client that
+can reach the device. This is intentional; enabling `web_server` without `auth:`
+is choosing an open control surface, in the same way that running native OTA
+without a password leaves OTA open. The API is documented and is meant to be
+called by other devices, scripts, and pages.
+
+As defense-in-depth, the web server checks the `Origin` header on browser requests
+to its entity control and state endpoints: a request whose `Origin` does not match
+the address the device is served on is rejected, and the `allowed_origins` option
+widens that list. This blocks the common "confused deputy" (CSRF) case where a page
+the operator visits drives the device through their browser. It is **not** an
+authentication boundary: it only constrains browsers. Any client that omits the
+`Origin` header — `curl`, scripts, or other non-browser callers on the same
+network — reaches every endpoint exactly as before. The check also does not cover
+the web OTA `/update` endpoint. The device performs no CSRF-token or `Referer`
+validation. The following are therefore **not** vulnerabilities in this repository:
+
+- Requests without an `Origin` header (for example `curl`) reaching the control
+  endpoints, whether or not `web_server` `auth:` is set.
+- Requests from an origin the operator added to `allowed_origins`.
+- Cross-origin or CSRF firmware upload through the web OTA endpoint (`/update`) when
+  web OTA is enabled without `web_server` `auth:`. The `/update` endpoint is not
+  covered by the `Origin` check; this is the same exposure as running OTA without a
+  password.
+
+The supported defenses are `web_server` `auth:`, protecting OTA (a web password or
+a native OTA password), and keeping devices on a trusted, segmented network. See
+the security best practices guide linked above.
+
+What remains in scope is bypassing `web_server` `auth:` when it *is* configured,
+and any memory-safety or protocol bug in the server reachable without credentials.
+
+This section documents the current design and scope; it is not a judgment that the
+design is optimal or that it will not change.
+
 ## Explicitly out of scope
 
 - Local attackers who already have shell access on the host that runs `esphome`.
@@ -86,6 +128,10 @@ These *are* security bugs in this repo, and we want to hear about them privately
 - Operator-supplied hostile YAML (covered above — config authoring is trusted).
 - Attacks that require an already-authenticated device peer (someone who already
   holds the API key / OTA / web credentials).
+- Access to the device web server or its web OTA endpoint by non-browser clients
+  (those that send no `Origin` header). The web server is an open HTTP API by
+  design (see above); browser cross-origin requests are blocked by default, but the
+  real controls are `web_server` `auth:` and network isolation.
 - Anything in the dashboard / device-builder — report that in its own repository
   (linked at the top).
 - Deployments where the operator removed protections or exposed credentials. See
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index 543f17db56..0da8048c57 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN \
     -r /requirements.txt
 
 # Install the ESPHome Device Builder dashboard.
-RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.0.25
+RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.13.1
 
 RUN \
     platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \
diff --git a/docker/docker_entrypoint.sh b/docker/docker_entrypoint.sh
index 598b553c08..c88a78f97e 100755
--- a/docker/docker_entrypoint.sh
+++ b/docker/docker_entrypoint.sh
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ export PLATFORMIO_PLATFORMS_DIR="${pio_cache_base}/platforms"
 export PLATFORMIO_PACKAGES_DIR="${pio_cache_base}/packages"
 export PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR="${pio_cache_base}/cache"
 
-# Keep the native ESP-IDF install on the persistent cache root, not the
+# Keep the native toolchain installs on the persistent cache root, not the
 # container's ephemeral user cache dir (re-downloaded on every restart).
 export ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX="$(dirname "${pio_cache_base}")/idf"
+export ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX="$(dirname "${pio_cache_base}")/sdk-nrf"
 
 # If /build is mounted, use that as the build path
 # otherwise use path in /config (so that builds aren't lost on container restart)
diff --git a/docker/ha-addon-rootfs/etc/s6-overlay/s6-rc.d/esphome/run b/docker/ha-addon-rootfs/etc/s6-overlay/s6-rc.d/esphome/run
index f50de659b9..20fada5f13 100755
--- a/docker/ha-addon-rootfs/etc/s6-overlay/s6-rc.d/esphome/run
+++ b/docker/ha-addon-rootfs/etc/s6-overlay/s6-rc.d/esphome/run
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ export PLATFORMIO_PLATFORMS_DIR="${pio_cache_base}/platforms"
 export PLATFORMIO_PACKAGES_DIR="${pio_cache_base}/packages"
 export PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR="${pio_cache_base}/cache"
 
-# Keep the native ESP-IDF install on the persistent /data volume, not the
+# Keep the native toolchain installs on the persistent /data volume, not the
 # container's ephemeral user cache dir (wiped on every add-on update/restart).
 export ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX=/data/cache/idf
+export ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX=/data/cache/sdk-nrf
 
 if bashio::config.true 'leave_front_door_open'; then
     export DISABLE_HA_AUTHENTICATION=true
diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index 1767d3b7ca..632d2ba3d0 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -2,39 +2,33 @@
 import argparse
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from contextlib import suppress
-from datetime import datetime
 import functools
-import getpass
 import importlib
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
-import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import Protocol
-
-import argcomplete
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol
 
 # Note: Do not import modules from esphome.components here, as this would
 # cause them to be loaded before external components are processed, resulting
 # in the built-in version being used instead of the external component one.
-from esphome import const
-import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.config import iter_component_configs, read_config, strip_default_ids
+from esphome import const, platform_hooks
 from esphome.const import (
     ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS,
     ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
+    BUNDLE_EXTENSION,
     CONF_API,
-    CONF_AUTH,
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BROKER,
     CONF_DEASSERT_RTS_DTR,
     CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_DISCOVER_IP,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_LEVEL,
+    CONF_LOG,
     CONF_LOG_TOPIC,
     CONF_LOGGER,
     CONF_MDNS,
@@ -48,10 +42,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS,
     CONF_TOPIC,
-    CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_VERSION,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_WIFI,
     ENV_NOGITIGNORE,
+    KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
     SECRETS_FILES,
     Toolchain,
 )
@@ -59,6 +55,7 @@ from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, coroutine
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, indent, is_ip_address
 from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color, setup_log
+from esphome.stacktrace import LogLineProcessor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.upload_targets import PortType, get_port_type
 from esphome.util import (
@@ -74,6 +71,9 @@ from esphome.util import (
     safe_print,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
 # Keep expensive imports (zeroconf, writer, yaml_util, etc.) out of this
 # module's top level. Every `esphome` invocation — including fast paths
 # like `esphome version` — pays the cost of what's imported here before
@@ -225,8 +225,9 @@ def _discover_mac_suffix_devices() -> list[str] | None:
 
     Returns:
         - ``None`` when discovery isn't applicable (``name_add_mac_suffix`` off,
-          mDNS disabled, or ``CORE.address`` is already an IP). Callers should
-          then fall back to whatever default OTA address they normally use.
+          mDNS disabled, or ``CORE.address`` isn't a ``.local`` mDNS address).
+          Callers should then fall back to whatever default OTA address they
+          normally use.
         - ``[]`` when discovery ran but found nothing. Callers should NOT fall
           back to the base name: with ``name_add_mac_suffix`` enabled, the base
           name by definition doesn't exist on the network.
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ def _discover_mac_suffix_devices() -> list[str] | None:
     ``aioesphomeapi`` via :func:`_resolve_network_devices`) reuses the IPs we
     already have without opening a second Zeroconf client.
     """
-    if not (has_name_add_mac_suffix() and has_mdns() and has_non_ip_address()):
+    if not (has_name_add_mac_suffix() and has_mdns() and has_mdns_address()):
         return None
     from esphome.zeroconf import discover_mdns_devices
 
@@ -275,8 +276,8 @@ def _unresolved_default_error(purpose: Purpose, defaults: list[str]) -> str:
         if purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and not has_api():
             return (
                 "Cannot view logs over the network: no 'api:' component is "
-                "configured. Network log streaming requires the native API; add "
-                "an 'api:' component, enable MQTT logging, or view logs over USB."
+                "configured. Add an 'api:' component, enable MQTT logging, add a "
+                "'web_server:' component, or view logs over USB."
             )
         if purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and not has_ota():
             return (
@@ -316,9 +317,12 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
                 ]
                 resolved.append(choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose))
             elif device == "OTA":
+                # Logs can stream over a network transport via the native API
+                # or the web_server HTTP SSE feed.
+                network_logging = has_api() or has_web_server_logging()
                 # ensure IP adresses are used first
                 if is_ip_address(CORE.address) and (
-                    (purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and has_api())
+                    (purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and network_logging)
                     or (purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota())
                 ):
                     resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
@@ -330,7 +334,11 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
                     if has_mqtt_logging():
                         resolved.append("MQTT")
 
-                    if has_api() and has_non_ip_address() and has_resolvable_address():
+                    if (
+                        network_logging
+                        and has_non_ip_address()
+                        and has_resolvable_address()
+                    ):
                         resolved.extend(_ota_hostnames_for_default(purpose))
 
                 elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING:
@@ -354,7 +362,7 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
     bootsel_permission_error = False
     if (
         purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING
-        and CORE.is_rp2040
+        and CORE.is_rp2
         and (picotool := _find_picotool()) is not None
     ):
         bootsel = detect_rp2040_bootsel(picotool)
@@ -392,7 +400,7 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
             mqtt_config = CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]
             options.append((f"MQTT ({mqtt_config[CONF_BROKER]})", "MQTT"))
 
-        if has_api():
+        if has_api() or has_web_server_logging():
             add_ota_options()
 
     elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota():
@@ -401,7 +409,7 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
     # Show helpful BOOTSEL instructions for RP2040 when no BOOTSEL device is found
     if (
         purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING
-        and CORE.is_rp2040
+        and CORE.is_rp2
         and not any(get_port_type(opt[1]) == PortType.BOOTSEL for opt in options)
     ):
         if bootsel_permission_error:
@@ -485,10 +493,23 @@ def has_web_server_ota() -> bool:
     )
 
 
+def has_web_server_logging() -> bool:
+    """Check if logs can be streamed over the web_server HTTP SSE endpoint.
+
+    The ``web_server`` component exposes a ``/events`` Server-Sent Events
+    stream that carries ``event: log`` frames. This requires version 2+ (the
+    v1 UI has no ``/events`` endpoint) and the ``log`` option enabled (default).
+    """
+    web_conf = CORE.config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER)
+    if web_conf is None:
+        return False
+    if web_conf.get(CONF_VERSION, 2) == 1:
+        return False
+    return web_conf.get(CONF_LOG, True)
+
+
 def has_mqtt_ip_lookup() -> bool:
     """Check if MQTT is available and IP lookup is supported."""
-    from esphome.components.mqtt import CONF_DISCOVER_IP
-
     if CONF_MQTT not in CORE.config:
         return False
     # Default Enabled
@@ -503,17 +524,22 @@ def has_mdns() -> bool:
 
 
 def has_non_ip_address() -> bool:
-    """Check if CORE.address is set and is not an IP address."""
+    """Check if ``CORE.address`` is set and is not an IP address."""
     return CORE.address is not None and not is_ip_address(CORE.address)
 
 
+def has_mdns_address() -> bool:
+    """Check if ``CORE.address`` is a ``.local`` mDNS hostname."""
+    return CORE.address is not None and CORE.address.endswith(".local")
+
+
 def has_ip_address() -> bool:
-    """Check if CORE.address is a valid IP address."""
+    """Check if ``CORE.address`` is a valid IP address."""
     return CORE.address is not None and is_ip_address(CORE.address)
 
 
 def has_resolvable_address() -> bool:
-    """Check if CORE.address is resolvable (via mDNS, DNS, or is an IP address)."""
+    """Check if ``CORE.address`` is resolvable (via mDNS, DNS, or is an IP address)."""
     # Any address (IP, mDNS hostname, or regular DNS hostname) is resolvable
     # The resolve_ip_address() function in helpers.py handles all types via AsyncResolver
     if CORE.address is None:
@@ -532,7 +558,7 @@ def has_resolvable_address() -> bool:
         return True
 
     # .local mDNS hostnames are only resolvable if mDNS is enabled
-    return not CORE.address.endswith(".local")
+    return not has_mdns_address()
 
 
 def has_name_add_mac_suffix() -> bool:
@@ -544,11 +570,48 @@ def has_name_add_mac_suffix() -> bool:
 
 
 def mqtt_get_ip(
-    config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str
+    config: ConfigType,
+    username: str,
+    password: str,
+    client_id: str,
+    stop_event: "threading.Event | None" = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     from esphome import mqtt
 
-    return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(config, username, password, client_id)
+    return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(
+        config, username, password, client_id, stop_event=stop_event
+    )
+
+
+def _add_network_device(device: str, network_devices: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Append a device to the list, expanding it through ``CORE.address_cache``.
+
+    If the hostname is already in the address cache (e.g. populated by mDNS
+    discovery), substitute the cached IPs so aioesphomeapi doesn't open its
+    own Zeroconf to re-resolve it. Duplicates are dropped.
+    """
+    if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(device)):
+        network_devices.extend(addr for addr in cached if addr not in network_devices)
+    elif device not in network_devices:
+        network_devices.append(device)
+
+
+def _split_network_devices(devices: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], bool]:
+    """Split the device list into direct addresses and an MQTT-lookup flag.
+
+    Direct addresses are expanded through ``CORE.address_cache`` and deduped
+    the same way ``_resolve_network_devices`` does; MQTT/MQTTIP magic strings
+    are not resolved, only reported via the returned bool so the caller can
+    defer the broker lookup.
+    """
+    network_devices: list[str] = []
+    has_mqtt_lookup = False
+    for device in devices:
+        if get_port_type(device) in _MQTT_PORT_TYPES:
+            has_mqtt_lookup = True
+        else:
+            _add_network_device(device, network_devices)
+    return network_devices, has_mqtt_lookup
 
 
 def _resolve_network_devices(
@@ -581,41 +644,47 @@ def _resolve_network_devices(
         if port_type in _MQTT_PORT_TYPES:
             # Only resolve MQTT once, even if multiple MQTT entries
             if not mqtt_resolved:
-                try:
-                    mqtt_ips = mqtt_get_ip(
-                        config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
-                    )
-                    # pylint can't infer mqtt_get_ip's return through its
-                    # lazy ``from esphome import mqtt`` import, so it flags
-                    # the genexpr below.
-                    network_devices.extend(
-                        addr
-                        for addr in mqtt_ips  # pylint: disable=not-an-iterable
-                        if addr not in network_devices
-                    )
-                except EsphomeError as err:
-                    _LOGGER.warning(
-                        "MQTT IP discovery failed (%s), will try other devices if available",
-                        err,
-                    )
+                mqtt_ips = _mqtt_get_ip_or_warn(
+                    config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
+                )
+                network_devices.extend(
+                    addr for addr in mqtt_ips if addr not in network_devices
+                )
                 mqtt_resolved = True
             continue
 
-        # If the hostname is already in the address cache (e.g. populated by
-        # mDNS discovery), substitute the cached IPs so aioesphomeapi doesn't
-        # open its own Zeroconf to re-resolve it.
-        if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(device)):
-            network_devices.extend(
-                addr for addr in cached if addr not in network_devices
-            )
-        elif device not in network_devices:
-            # Regular network address or IP - add if not already present
-            network_devices.append(device)
+        _add_network_device(device, network_devices)
 
     return network_devices
 
 
+def _mqtt_get_ip_or_warn(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    username: str,
+    password: str,
+    client_id: str,
+    stop_event: "threading.Event | None" = None,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Look up the device IP via MQTT, returning [] with a warning on failure.
+
+    This owns the failure policy for MQTT IP discovery on paths that have
+    other addresses to fall back on: a broker problem must not abort the
+    operation. Also used as the deferred resolver handed to ``run_logs``,
+    where it runs in a worker thread.
+    """
+    try:
+        return mqtt_get_ip(config, username, password, client_id, stop_event=stop_event)
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "MQTT IP discovery failed (%s), will try other devices if available",
+            err,
+        )
+        return []
+
+
 def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
     from aioesphomeapi import LogParser
     import serial
 
@@ -628,18 +697,9 @@ def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
         return 1
     _LOGGER.info("Starting log output from %s with baud rate %s", port, baud_rate)
 
-    process_stacktrace = None
-
-    try:
-        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
-        process_stacktrace = module.process_stacktrace
-    except (AttributeError, ImportError):
-        _LOGGER.info(
-            'Stacktrace analysis is unavailable: no compatible analyzer found for target platform "%s".',
-            CORE.target_platform,
-        )
-
-    backtrace_state = False
+    # Decoder resolution, crash isolation, and disable-after-failure
+    # all live in LogLineProcessor, shared with the API log path.
+    processor = LogLineProcessor(config, CORE.target_platform)
     ser = serial.Serial()
     ser.baudrate = baud_rate
     ser.port = port
@@ -679,11 +739,7 @@ def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
                                 "utf8", "backslashreplace"
                             )
                             safe_print(parser.parse_line(line, time_str))
-
-                            if process_stacktrace is not None:
-                                backtrace_state = process_stacktrace(
-                                    config, line, backtrace_state
-                                )
+                            processor.process_line(line)
                     except serial.SerialException:
                         _LOGGER.error("Serial port closed!")
                         return 0
@@ -698,15 +754,19 @@ def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
 
 
 def _wrap_to_code(name, comp, yaml_util):
+    import esphome.codegen as cg
+
     coro = coroutine(comp.to_code)
 
     @functools.wraps(comp.to_code)
     async def wrapped(conf):
         cg.add(cg.LineComment(f"{name}:"))
         if comp.config_schema is not None:
-            conf_str = yaml_util.dump(conf)
+            # sort_keys: voluptuous fills defaults in set order, so an
+            # unsorted dump would churn main.cpp and relink every run
+            conf_str = yaml_util.dump(conf, sort_keys=True)
             conf_str = conf_str.replace("//", "")
-            # remove tailing \ to avoid multi-line comment warning
+            # remove trailing \ to avoid multi-line comment warning
             conf_str = conf_str.replace("\\\n", "\n")
             cg.add(cg.LineComment(indent(conf_str)))
         await coro(conf)
@@ -733,6 +793,7 @@ def write_cpp(config: ConfigType) -> int:
 
 def generate_cpp_contents(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     from esphome import yaml_util
+    from esphome.config import iter_component_configs
 
     _LOGGER.info("Generating C++ source...")
 
@@ -770,6 +831,13 @@ def compile_program(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
 
         check_placeholder_credentials(config)
 
+    # Keep this here, NOT in codegen: config-hash and --only-generate must keep
+    # working on machines that cannot run the toolchain.
+    if CORE.is_esp8266:
+        from esphome.components.esp8266 import check_rosetta
+
+        check_rosetta()
+
     # NOTE: "Build path:" format is parsed by script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py
     # If you change this format, update the regex in that script as well
     _LOGGER.info("Compiling app... Build path: %s", CORE.build_path)
@@ -789,7 +857,20 @@ def compile_program(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
         toolchain.create_factory_bin()
         toolchain.create_ota_bin()
         toolchain.create_elf_copy()
-        toolchain.get_idedata()
+        from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS
+
+        try:
+            if toolchain.get_idedata() is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning("No idedata was generated for this build")
+        except IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS as err:
+            # The firmware already built; an idedata failure must not fail
+            # a successful build.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not generate idedata: %s (IDE, clang-tidy, and "
+                "memory-analysis data will be unavailable for this build)",
+                err,
+            )
+            _LOGGER.debug("Idedata failure detail", exc_info=True)
     else:
         from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
@@ -918,9 +999,10 @@ def upload_using_esptool(
 
     mcu = "esp8266"
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
-
-        mcu = get_esp32_variant().lower()
+        # Same lookup as esp32.get_esp32_variant(), read directly so the
+        # serial upload path does not import the esp32 package; both the
+        # validator and the warm-cache apply_to_core populate this key.
+        mcu = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_VARIANT].lower()
 
     line_callbacks: list[Callable[[str], str | None]] = []
     if (
@@ -974,12 +1056,14 @@ def upload_using_esptool(
 
 
 def upload_using_platformio(config: ConfigType, port: str) -> int:
+    import shutil
+
     from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
     # RP2040 platform-raspberrypi build recipe expects firmware.bin.signed for
     # the upload target, but 'nobuild' skips the build phase that creates it.
     # Create it here so the upload doesn't fail.
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
         idedata = toolchain.get_idedata(config)
         build_dir = Path(idedata.firmware_elf_path).parent
         firmware_bin = build_dir / "firmware.bin"
@@ -1011,6 +1095,8 @@ def upload_using_picotool(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     the mass storage copy approach that causes "disk not ejected properly"
     warnings on macOS.
     """
+    import subprocess
+
     from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
     idedata = toolchain.get_idedata(config)
@@ -1117,6 +1203,8 @@ def check_permissions(port: str):
                 "the USB cable can be used for data and is not a power-only cable."
             )
         if not (os.access(port, os.R_OK | os.W_OK)):
+            import getpass
+
             raise EsphomeError(
                 "You do not have read or write permission on the selected serial port. "
                 "To resolve this issue, you can add your user to the dialout group "
@@ -1129,12 +1217,11 @@ def upload_program(
     config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
     host = devices[0]
-    try:
-        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
-        if module.upload_program(config, args, host):
-            return 0, host
-    except AttributeError:
-        pass
+    platform_upload = platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(
+        CORE.target_platform, "upload_program"
+    )
+    if platform_upload is not None and platform_upload(config, args, host):
+        return 0, host
 
     port_type = get_port_type(host)
 
@@ -1167,7 +1254,7 @@ def upload_program(
         if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_esp8266:
             file = getattr(args, "file", None)
             exit_code = upload_using_esptool(config, host, file, args.upload_speed)
-        elif CORE.is_rp2040 or CORE.is_libretiny:
+        elif CORE.is_rp2 or CORE.is_libretiny:
             exit_code = upload_using_platformio(config, host)
         # else: Unknown target platform, exit_code remains 1
 
@@ -1285,25 +1372,23 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
 def _upload_via_web_server(
     config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str], binary: Path
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
-    web_conf = config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER)
-    if not web_conf:
-        raise EsphomeError(
-            f"Cannot upload via web_server OTA: the {CONF_WEB_SERVER} component "
-            f"is not configured."
-        )
-
-    remote_port = int(web_conf[CONF_PORT])
-    auth = web_conf.get(CONF_AUTH) or {}
-    username = auth.get(CONF_USERNAME)
-    password = auth.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
-
     from esphome import web_server_ota
+    from esphome.web_server_helpers import get_web_server_connection
 
+    remote_port, username, password = get_web_server_connection(config)
     return web_server_ota.run_ota(
         network_devices, remote_port, username, password, binary
     )
 
 
+def _show_logs_via_web_server(config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str]) -> int:
+    from esphome import web_server_logs
+    from esphome.web_server_helpers import get_web_server_connection
+
+    port, username, password = get_web_server_connection(config)
+    return web_server_logs.run_logs(network_devices, port, username, password)
+
+
 # Layout of esp_partition_info_t on flash. Each entry is 32 bytes, leading with a
 # 16-bit little-endian magic. ESP-IDF defines ESP_PARTITION_MAGIC = 0x50AA (stored as
 # bytes 0xAA, 0x50) for partition entries and ESP_PARTITION_MAGIC_MD5 = 0xEBEB for the
@@ -1394,12 +1479,11 @@ def _should_subscribe_states(args: ArgsProtocol) -> bool:
 
 
 def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int | None:
-    try:
-        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
-        if module.show_logs(config, args, devices):
-            return 0
-    except AttributeError:
-        pass
+    platform_show_logs = platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(
+        CORE.target_platform, "show_logs"
+    )
+    if platform_show_logs is not None and platform_show_logs(config, args, devices):
+        return 0
 
     if "logger" not in config:
         raise EsphomeError("Logger is not configured!")
@@ -1413,17 +1497,37 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
         return run_miniterm(config, port, args)
 
     # Check if we should use API for logging
-    # Resolve MQTT magic strings to actual IP addresses
-    if has_api() and (
-        network_devices := _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
-    ):
-        from esphome.components.api.client import run_logs
+    if has_api():
+        network_devices, has_mqtt_lookup = _split_network_devices(devices)
+        mqtt_resolver = None
+        if has_mqtt_lookup:
+            if network_devices:
+                # Addresses are already known, so don't block startup on the
+                # MQTT broker lookup; hand it to run_logs as a deferred
+                # resolver that runs in the background and feeds discovered
+                # addresses into the running log client, keeping MQTT as a
+                # fallback for when the known addresses are stale (e.g. DHCP
+                # reassigned the IP).
+                mqtt_resolver = functools.partial(
+                    _mqtt_get_ip_or_warn,
+                    config,
+                    args.username,
+                    args.password,
+                    args.client_id,
+                )
+            else:
+                # The MQTT lookup is the only way to find the device; resolve
+                # it up front since the client needs an address to start with.
+                network_devices = _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
+        if network_devices:
+            from esphome.api_client import run_logs
 
-        return run_logs(
-            config,
-            network_devices,
-            subscribe_states=_should_subscribe_states(args),
-        )
+            return run_logs(
+                config,
+                network_devices,
+                subscribe_states=_should_subscribe_states(args),
+                mqtt_resolver=mqtt_resolver,
+            )
 
     if port_type in (PortType.NETWORK, PortType.MQTT) and has_mqtt_logging():
         from esphome import mqtt
@@ -1432,6 +1536,13 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
             config, args.topic, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
         )
 
+    # Fall back to the web_server HTTP SSE log stream for devices that have
+    # web_server: but no api: (the logging counterpart to web_server OTA).
+    if has_web_server_logging() and (
+        network_devices := _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
+    ):
+        return _show_logs_via_web_server(config, network_devices)
+
     raise EsphomeError("No remote or local logging method configured (api/mqtt/logger)")
 
 
@@ -1451,6 +1562,7 @@ def command_wizard(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
 
 def command_config(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     from esphome import yaml_util
+    from esphome.config import strip_default_ids
 
     if getattr(args, "no_defaults", False):
         user_config = getattr(config, "user_config", None)
@@ -1504,10 +1616,18 @@ def _redact_with_legacy_fallback(output: str) -> str:
         m = _LEGACY_REDACTION_RE.search(line)
         if m is None:
             continue
+        key = m.group("key")
         if not in_substitutions:
-            unmarked.add(m.group("key"))
+            # Public keys (e.g. wireguard's peer_public_key) are not secret;
+            # redacting them and telling maintainers to mark them cv.sensitive
+            # would be wrong on both counts. Substitution keys are user-named
+            # with no schema behind them, so anything secret-shaped there
+            # (public or not) stays conservatively redacted.
+            if "public" in key.split("_"):
+                continue
+            unmarked.add(key)
         lines[i] = (
-            f"{line[: m.start()]}{m.group('key')}: "
+            f"{line[: m.start()]}{key}: "
             f"\\033[8m{m.group('val')}\\033[28m{line[m.end() :]}"
         )
     output = "\n".join(lines)
@@ -1641,7 +1761,7 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     # After BOOTSEL upload, wait for a new serial port to appear
     # so it shows up in the log chooser
-    if successful_device is None and CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if successful_device is None and CORE.is_rp2:
         _wait_for_serial_port(known_ports=pre_upload_ports)
         # If exactly one new serial port appeared, use it directly
         serial_ports = get_serial_ports()
@@ -1692,7 +1812,7 @@ def command_clean(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
 
 def command_bundle(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
-    from esphome.bundle import BUNDLE_EXTENSION, ConfigBundleCreator
+    from esphome.bundle import ConfigBundleCreator
 
     creator = ConfigBundleCreator(config)
 
@@ -1927,7 +2047,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     new_name = args.name
     for c in new_name:
         if c not in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
-            print(
+            safe_print(
                 color(
                     AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                     f"'{c}' is an invalid character for names. Valid characters are: "
@@ -1940,7 +2060,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(CORE.config_path)
     if CONF_ESPHOME not in yaml or CONF_NAME not in yaml[CONF_ESPHOME]:
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Complex YAML files cannot be automatically renamed."
             )
@@ -1987,7 +2107,9 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
             )
             > 1
         ):
-            print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename"))
+            safe_print(
+                color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename")
+            )
             return 1
 
         new_raw = re.sub(
@@ -2005,7 +2127,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     # ``kitchen``; running ``esphome rename weird-file.yaml kitchen``
     # would otherwise just re-flash the same hostname).
     if new_name == old_name:
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                 f"'{new_name}' is already the device's name.",
@@ -2015,7 +2137,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     new_path: Path = CORE.config_dir / (new_name + ".yaml")
     if new_path.resolve() == CORE.config_path.resolve():
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                 f"'{new_name}' is already the device's name.",
@@ -2023,7 +2145,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         )
         return 1
     if new_path.exists():
-        print(
+        safe_print(
             color(
                 AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                 f"Cannot rename: {new_path} already exists. "
@@ -2031,7 +2153,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
             )
         )
         return 1
-    print(
+    safe_print(
         f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(CORE.config_path))} to {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(new_path))}"
     )
     print()
@@ -2040,7 +2162,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     rc = run_external_process(*ESPHOME_COMMAND, "config", str(new_path))
     if rc != 0:
-        print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
+        safe_print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
         new_path.unlink()
         return 1
 
@@ -2066,7 +2188,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if CORE.config_path != new_path:
         CORE.config_path.unlink()
 
-    print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
+    safe_print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
     print()
     return 0
 
@@ -2477,7 +2599,12 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     # a deprecation warning).
     arguments = argv[1:]
 
-    argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
+    # argcomplete only does anything when the shell-completion machinery
+    # invokes us with _ARGCOMPLETE set; skip the import otherwise.
+    if "_ARGCOMPLETE" in os.environ:
+        import argcomplete
+
+        argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
 
     if len(arguments) > 0 and arguments[0] in SIMPLE_CONFIG_ACTIONS:
         args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args(arguments)
@@ -2488,6 +2615,49 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     return parser.parse_args(arguments)
 
 
+def _warn_if_source_tree_mismatch() -> None:
+    """Warn when the checkout the user is standing in is not the one being run.
+
+    An editable install records one absolute path, so a venv shared between git
+    worktrees (or reused after a checkout is copied or renamed) keeps importing
+    the tree it was installed from. Every command then silently runs, and
+    compiles, sources the user is not looking at. Only fires inside a checkout,
+    so ordinary installs never see it.
+    """
+    try:
+        cwd = Path.cwd()
+    except OSError:
+        return  # working directory is gone; a diagnostic must not break startup
+    for candidate in (cwd, *cwd.parents):
+        if (candidate / "esphome" / "__main__.py").is_file():
+            standing_in = candidate.resolve()
+            break
+    else:
+        return  # not inside a checkout; nothing to compare against
+
+    running = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+    # Both sides are resolved, so on a case-sensitive filesystem this matches
+    # plain equality. samefile() compares device and inode, which additionally
+    # covers a case-insensitive filesystem (macOS) reaching one directory by
+    # differently cased paths. Falls back to equality if either path is gone.
+    try:
+        same = standing_in.samefile(running)
+    except OSError:
+        same = standing_in == running
+    if same:
+        return
+
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Running ESPHome from a different checkout than the one you are in:\n"
+        "  running from: %s\n"
+        "  you are in:   %s\n"
+        "The installed esphome resolves to the first, so its sources are used.\n"
+        "Run 'python -m esphome' from the second to use that one instead.",
+        running,
+        standing_in,
+    )
+
+
 def run_esphome(argv):
     from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
 
@@ -2506,6 +2676,7 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
         args.log_level = "CRITICAL"
 
     setup_log(log_level=args.log_level)
+    _warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
 
     if args.command in PRE_CONFIG_ACTIONS:
         try:
@@ -2537,10 +2708,11 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
         return 0
 
     # Bundle support: if the configuration is a .esphomebundle, extract it
-    # and rewrite conf_path to the extracted YAML config.
-    from esphome.bundle import is_bundle_path, prepare_bundle_for_compile
+    # and rewrite conf_path to the extracted YAML config. The suffix check
+    # stays inline so the ordinary run never imports esphome.bundle.
+    if conf_path.name.lower().endswith(BUNDLE_EXTENSION):
+        from esphome.bundle import prepare_bundle_for_compile
 
-    if is_bundle_path(conf_path):
         _LOGGER.info("Extracting config bundle %s...", conf_path)
         conf_path = prepare_bundle_for_compile(conf_path)
         # Update the argument so downstream code sees the extracted path
@@ -2562,10 +2734,14 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
     # Skipped when -s overrides are passed, since the cache was written
     # against the previous substitution set.
     config: ConfigType | None = None
-    cache_eligible = (
+    cache_write_eligible = (
         args.command in ("upload", "logs") and not command_line_substitutions
     )
-    if cache_eligible:
+    # An explicit --toolchain must re-run the per-platform validators, so
+    # gate only the cache read; the refresh below saves the result unless
+    # the sidecar records a different toolchain.
+    cache_read_eligible = cache_write_eligible and args.toolchain is None
+    if cache_read_eligible:
         from esphome.compiled_config import load_compiled_config
 
         config = load_compiled_config(conf_path)
@@ -2575,31 +2751,32 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
                 conf_path.name,
             )
 
-    if config is None:
+    cache_missed = config is None
+    if cache_missed:
+        from esphome.config import read_config
+
         config = read_config(
             command_line_substitutions,
             skip_external_update=skip_external,
+            # Snapshot only needed by `esphome config --no-defaults`.
+            snapshot_user_config=getattr(args, "no_defaults", False),
         )
-        # Refresh the cache so the next upload/logs hits the fast path
-        # instead of re-running read_config. Skip when the storage
-        # sidecar is absent (no compile has run): the cache would
-        # never be loaded back, so writing secrets to disk is wasted.
-        if cache_eligible and config is not None:
-            from esphome.compiled_config import save_compiled_config
-            from esphome.storage_json import ext_storage_path
-
-            if ext_storage_path(conf_path.name).exists():
-                save_compiled_config(config)
-    if config is None:
-        return 2
+        if config is None:
+            return 2
     CORE.config = config
 
-    # Fallback for platforms whose validators didn't set the toolchain
-    # (only the esp32 component reads esp32.framework.toolchain). All
-    # other platforms only support PlatformIO today.
+    # The cache fast path skips validation, and legacy sidecars lack the
+    # toolchain field. Must run before the cache refresh below.
     if CORE.toolchain is None:
         CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
 
+    # Refresh the cache so the next upload/logs hits the fast path
+    # instead of re-running read_config.
+    if cache_write_eligible and cache_missed:
+        from esphome.compiled_config import save_compiled_config_and_sidecar
+
+        save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(config)
+
     if args.command not in POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS:
         safe_print(f"Unknown command {args.command}")
         return 1
diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py
index 4fbceb7e5e..ab20e4d076 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from . import (
     RAM_SECTIONS,
     MemoryAnalyzer,
 )
+from .toolchain import find_elf_path, find_idedata_path, idedata_candidates
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from . import ComponentMemory
@@ -759,45 +760,25 @@ def main():
         print(f"Error: {build_path} is not a directory", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    # Find firmware.elf
-    elf_file = None
-    for elf_candidate in [
-        build_path / "firmware.elf",
-        build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "firmware.elf",
-    ]:
-        if elf_candidate.exists():
-            elf_file = str(elf_candidate)
-            break
-
-    if not elf_file:
-        print(f"Error: firmware.elf not found in {build_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
+    elf_path = find_elf_path(build_path)
+    if not elf_path:
+        print(f"Error: no firmware ELF found in {build_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
-
-    # Find idedata.json - check current directory first, then home
-    device_name = build_path.name
-    idedata_candidates = [
-        Path.cwd() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{device_name}.json",
-        Path.home() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{device_name}.json",
-    ]
+    elf_file = str(elf_path)
 
     idedata = None
-    for idedata_path in idedata_candidates:
-        if not idedata_path.exists():
-            continue
+    if idedata_path := find_idedata_path(build_path):
         try:
             with idedata_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 raw_data = json.load(f)
             idedata = IDEData(raw_data)
             print(f"Loaded idedata from: {idedata_path}", file=sys.stderr)
-            break
         except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as e:
             print(f"Warning: Failed to load idedata: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
 
     if not idedata:
-        print(
-            f"Warning: idedata not found (searched {idedata_candidates[0]} and {idedata_candidates[1]})",
-            file=sys.stderr,
-        )
+        searched = "\n  ".join(str(p) for p in idedata_candidates(build_path))
+        print(f"Warning: idedata not found, searched:\n  {searched}", file=sys.stderr)
 
     analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(elf_file, idedata=idedata)
     analyzer.analyze()
diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/ram_strings.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/ram_strings.py
index fbcbeeca61..03da86de94 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/ram_strings.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/ram_strings.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ memory-constrained platforms like ESP8266.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import defaultdict
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class RamSymbol:
     size: int
     section: str
     demangled: str = ""  # Demangled name, set after batch demangling
+    aliases: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)  # Other names at same address
 
 
 class RamStringsAnalyzer:
@@ -235,6 +236,11 @@ class RamStringsAnalyzer:
         except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
             return
 
+        # Track symbols by address so aliases (multiple names for the same
+        # object, e.g. the newlib __lock___* mutexes that all alias one
+        # StaticSemaphore_t) are reported once instead of once per name.
+        symbols_by_addr: dict[int, RamSymbol] = {}
+
         for line in output.split("\n"):
             parts = line.split()
             if len(parts) < 4:
@@ -253,6 +259,18 @@ class RamStringsAnalyzer:
             if sym_type not in DATA_SYMBOL_TYPES:
                 continue
 
+            if (existing := symbols_by_addr.get(addr)) is not None:
+                # Prefer a global (uppercase type) name as the primary so
+                # nm output order can't hide it behind a local alias.
+                if sym_type.isupper() and existing.sym_type.islower():
+                    existing.aliases.append(existing.name)
+                    existing.name = name
+                    existing.sym_type = sym_type
+                else:
+                    existing.aliases.append(name)
+                existing.size = max(existing.size, size)
+                continue
+
             # Check if symbol is in a RAM section
             for section_name in self.ram_sections:
                 if section_name not in self.sections:
@@ -260,15 +278,15 @@ class RamStringsAnalyzer:
 
                 section = self.sections[section_name]
                 if section.address <= addr < section.address + section.size:
-                    self.ram_symbols.append(
-                        RamSymbol(
-                            name=name,
-                            sym_type=sym_type,
-                            address=addr,
-                            size=size,
-                            section=section_name,
-                        )
+                    symbol = RamSymbol(
+                        name=name,
+                        sym_type=sym_type,
+                        address=addr,
+                        size=size,
+                        section=section_name,
                     )
+                    symbols_by_addr[addr] = symbol
+                    self.ram_symbols.append(symbol)
                     break
 
     def _demangle_symbols(self) -> None:
@@ -436,7 +454,13 @@ class RamStringsAnalyzer:
         for symbol in largest_symbols:
             # Use demangled name if available, otherwise raw name
             display_name = symbol.demangled or symbol.name
-            name_display = display_name[:49] if len(display_name) > 49 else display_name
+            # Truncate the name, not the alias note, so merged aliases stay
+            # visible even for long demangled C++ names.
+            alias_note = f" (+{len(symbol.aliases)} aliases)" if symbol.aliases else ""
+            max_name_len = 49 - len(alias_note)
+            if len(display_name) > max_name_len:
+                display_name = display_name[:max_name_len]
+            name_display = display_name + alias_note
             lines.append(
                 f"{name_display:<50} {symbol.sym_type:<6} {symbol.size:>8} B  {symbol.section}"
             )
diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/toolchain.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/toolchain.py
index a724d52f25..19041ac807 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/toolchain.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/toolchain.py
@@ -23,6 +23,78 @@ TOOLCHAIN_PREFIXES = [
 ]
 
 
+def find_elf_path(build_path: Path) -> Path | None:
+    """Locate the firmware ELF inside an ESPHome build directory.
+
+    The layout depends on the toolchain that produced the build, so try each
+    known one in turn.
+
+    Args:
+        build_path: Path to an ESPHome build directory
+
+    Returns:
+        Path to the ELF file, or None if no known layout matches
+    """
+    name = build_path.name
+    for candidate in (
+        # Native ESP-IDF: idf.py writes build/<name>.elf, which ESPHome copies
+        # to build/firmware.elf (see espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy)
+        build_path / "build" / "firmware.elf",
+        # PlatformIO
+        build_path / "firmware.elf",
+        build_path / ".pioenvs" / name / "firmware.elf",
+        # LibreTiny uses raw_firmware.elf
+        build_path / "raw_firmware.elf",
+        build_path / ".pioenvs" / name / "raw_firmware.elf",
+        # Zephyr (nRF52); the SDK nests the artifacts one level deeper from 2.9.2
+        build_path / ".pioenvs" / name / "zephyr" / "zephyr" / "zephyr.elf",
+        build_path / ".pioenvs" / name / "zephyr" / "zephyr.elf",
+    ):
+        if candidate.is_file():
+            return candidate
+    return None
+
+
+def idedata_candidates(build_path: Path) -> list[Path]:
+    """Return the idedata locations searched for a build directory, in order.
+
+    Exposed so a caller reporting "not found" can name the paths it tried
+    without keeping its own copy of the list.
+
+    Args:
+        build_path: Path to an ESPHome build directory
+
+    Returns:
+        The candidate idedata JSON paths, most specific first
+    """
+    name = build_path.name
+    return [
+        # In .pioenvs for test builds
+        build_path / ".pioenvs" / name / "idedata.json",
+        # Both toolchains cache it in the data dir, which holds this build dir:
+        # <data_dir>/idedata/<name>.json next to <data_dir>/build/<name>
+        build_path.parent.parent / "idedata" / f"{name}.json",
+        # Regular builds, invoked from the config dir or from anywhere
+        Path.cwd() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{name}.json",
+        Path.home() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{name}.json",
+    ]
+
+
+def find_idedata_path(build_path: Path) -> Path | None:
+    """Locate the idedata JSON belonging to an ESPHome build directory.
+
+    Args:
+        build_path: Path to an ESPHome build directory
+
+    Returns:
+        Path to the idedata JSON, or None if it was not found
+    """
+    for candidate in idedata_candidates(build_path):
+        if candidate.is_file():
+            return candidate
+    return None
+
+
 def _find_in_platformio_packages(tool_name: str) -> str | None:
     """Search for a tool in PlatformIO package directories.
 
diff --git a/esphome/api_client.py b/esphome/api_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb41075de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/api_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from contextlib import suppress
+import logging
+import threading
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+import warnings
+
+# Suppress protobuf version warnings
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.filterwarnings(
+        "ignore", category=UserWarning, message=".*Protobuf gencode version.*"
+    )
+    from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, parse_log_message
+    from aioesphomeapi.log_runner import async_run
+
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENCRYPTION, CONF_KEY, CONF_PORT, __version__
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.stacktrace import LogLineProcessor
+from esphome.util import safe_print
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+    from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import (
+        SubscribeLogsResponse,  # pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
+    )
+
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+async def async_run_logs(
+    config: dict[str, Any],
+    addresses: list[str],
+    subscribe_states: bool = True,
+    mqtt_resolver: Callable[[threading.Event], list[str]] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Run the logs command in the event loop.
+
+    If ``mqtt_resolver`` is given, it is called in a worker thread (paho-mqtt
+    has no asyncio support on Windows) concurrently with the connection
+    attempts to ``addresses``, and any addresses it discovers are fed into
+    the running client. It owns its own failure handling (returning [] when
+    discovery fails) and must honor the ``threading.Event`` it is passed so
+    teardown is not delayed by the lookup's wait window; the initial broker
+    connect itself is only bounded by the socket timeout.
+    """
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    conf = config["api"]
+    name = config["esphome"]["name"]
+    port: int = int(conf[CONF_PORT])
+    noise_psk: str | None = None
+    if (encryption := conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) and (key := encryption.get(CONF_KEY)):
+        noise_psk = key
+
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Starting log output from %s using esphome API", " or ".join(addresses)
+    )
+
+    cli = APIClient(
+        addresses[0],  # Primary address for compatibility
+        port,
+        "",  # Password auth removed in 2026.1.0
+        client_info=f"ESPHome Logs {__version__}",
+        noise_psk=noise_psk,
+        addresses=addresses,  # Pass all addresses for automatic retry
+        provide_time=False,
+    )
+
+    # Decoder resolution policy lives in LogLineProcessor.
+    processor = LogLineProcessor(config, CORE.target_platform)
+
+    mqtt_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+    mqtt_stop_event = threading.Event()
+
+    def _cancel_mqtt_discovery() -> None:
+        """Stop the broker lookup once a connection has been established.
+
+        Its answer is only useful while still disconnected: after that it
+        either duplicates the connected address or arrives too late to
+        matter, so don't keep an idle broker session open for it.
+        """
+        mqtt_stop_event.set()
+        if mqtt_task is not None and not mqtt_task.done():
+            mqtt_task.cancel()
+
+    async def _resolve_mqtt_addresses() -> None:
+        """Discover the device address via the MQTT broker in the background."""
+        try:
+            mqtt_ips = await asyncio.to_thread(mqtt_resolver, mqtt_stop_event)
+            if not mqtt_ips:
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "MQTT discovery %s",
+                    "aborted" if mqtt_stop_event.is_set() else "found no addresses",
+                )
+                return
+            if cli.add_addresses(mqtt_ips):
+                _LOGGER.info("Discovered address(es) via MQTT: %s", ", ".join(mqtt_ips))
+            else:
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "MQTT-discovered address(es) already known: %s", ", ".join(mqtt_ips)
+                )
+        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # A background task failure would otherwise stay invisible for
+            # the whole session and only re-raise at teardown
+            _LOGGER.exception("MQTT address discovery failed")
+
+    def on_log(msg: SubscribeLogsResponse) -> None:
+        """Handle a new log message."""
+        time_ = datetime.now().astimezone()
+        message: bytes = msg.message
+        text = message.decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
+        nanoseconds = time_.microsecond // 1000
+        timestamp = (
+            f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}.{nanoseconds:03}]"
+        )
+        for parsed_msg in parse_log_message(text, timestamp):
+            # safe_print handles the dashboard \033 escaping and falls back
+            # to backslashreplace encoding on stdouts that can't represent
+            # the wifi signal-bar block characters (Windows redirected
+            # cp1252 pipe).
+            safe_print(parsed_msg)
+        for raw_line in text.splitlines():
+            processor.process_line(raw_line)
+
+    # Safe to fall back to plaintext here only for this diagnostics use
+    # case: the stream is one-way from device to client, and this code
+    # never accepts commands or acts on any message the device sends.
+    # An on-path attacker could still both inject fabricated log lines
+    # and passively read the device's log output (and any state data
+    # delivered when subscribe_states is enabled), so this does lose
+    # confidentiality as well as authentication/integrity. That tradeoff
+    # is acceptable for operator-visible logs, which aioesphomeapi also
+    # warns may come from an unverified device. Never mirror this opt-in
+    # for any connection that sends data to the device or uses Home
+    # Assistant actions.
+    stop = await async_run(
+        cli,
+        on_log,
+        name=name,
+        subscribe_states=subscribe_states,
+        allow_plaintext_fallback=True,
+        # A top-level ``deep_sleep:`` block means the device is only awake
+        # briefly; cap the reconnect backoff so a wake window is not missed.
+        deep_sleep="deep_sleep" in config,
+        on_connect=_cancel_mqtt_discovery if mqtt_resolver is not None else None,
+    )
+    try:
+        # Don't start (or keep) the broker lookup if a connection already
+        # succeeded; the stop event doubles as the not-needed-anymore latch
+        # and get_esphome_device_ip returns immediately when it is set.
+        if mqtt_resolver is not None and not mqtt_stop_event.is_set():
+            mqtt_task = asyncio.create_task(_resolve_mqtt_addresses())
+        await asyncio.Event().wait()
+    finally:
+        try:
+            if mqtt_task is not None:
+                # Unblock the worker thread first so it can't hold up
+                # loop.shutdown_default_executor() for the full lookup timeout.
+                mqtt_stop_event.set()
+                # Give the worker a moment to exit through its own error
+                # handling; cancelling first would race out a late failure.
+                done, _ = await asyncio.wait([mqtt_task], timeout=1.0)
+                if not done:
+                    mqtt_task.cancel()
+                # return_exceptions keeps a CancelledError from the cancel()
+                # above from re-raising here and jumping over the stop() below.
+                # The task handles Exception itself, so only a BaseException
+                # escape (e.g. SystemExit from the worker) can land here.
+                (result,) = await asyncio.gather(mqtt_task, return_exceptions=True)
+                if isinstance(result, BaseException) and not isinstance(
+                    result, asyncio.CancelledError
+                ):
+                    _LOGGER.error("MQTT address discovery failed", exc_info=result)
+        finally:
+            # Must run even if a second cancellation lands mid-cleanup above
+            await stop()
+
+
+def run_logs(
+    config: dict[str, Any],
+    addresses: list[str],
+    subscribe_states: bool = True,
+    mqtt_resolver: Callable[[threading.Event], list[str]] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Run the logs command."""
+    with suppress(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        asyncio.run(
+            async_run_logs(
+                config,
+                addresses,
+                subscribe_states=subscribe_states,
+                mqtt_resolver=mqtt_resolver,
+            )
+        )
diff --git a/esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py b/esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f403a8553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""Native (PlatformIO-free) build support for the ESP8266 Arduino core.
+
+This package downloads the Arduino ESP8266 core and the xtensa-lx106
+toolchain, generates a ninja build for them plus the ESPHome sources, and
+drives the build directly — the ESP8266 equivalent of ``esphome.espidf``.
+
+Deliberately importable without the esp8266 component to avoid circular
+imports; the component wires these modules in via lazy imports.
+"""
diff --git a/esphome/arduino8266/framework.py b/esphome/arduino8266/framework.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1edbe4b36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/arduino8266/framework.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Download and install the Arduino ESP8266 core, toolchain, and ninja.
+
+Artifacts land in a machine-global cache (shared across projects, like the
+ESP-IDF install in ``esphome.espidf.framework``):
+
+    <cache>/arduino8266/frameworks/<version>/   framework-arduinoespressif8266
+    <cache>/arduino8266/toolchains/<version>/   toolchain-xtensa (gcc 10.3)
+
+Packages come from the PlatformIO registry (identical bits to the PlatformIO
+backend); ``ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_*_MIRRORS`` overrides the URLs. ninja comes
+from PATH or the ninja PyPI wheel.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import ccache_defaults_env
+from esphome.build_helpers.ninja import find_ninja
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Version
+from esphome.framework_helpers import str_to_lst_of_str
+from esphome.platformio.registry import install_package, prefetch_packages
+
+FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE = "framework-arduinoespressif8266"
+TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE = "toolchain-xtensa"
+# gcc 10.3, the toolchain Arduino core 3.x builds with; the build
+# generator's compile flags are tuned to it.
+TOOLCHAIN_VERSION = "2.100300.220621"
+
+ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
+    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS", "")
+)
+ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
+    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS", "")
+)
+
+
+def get_arduino8266_tools_path() -> Path:
+    # Machine-global so all projects share one install; see
+    # espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path for the location rationale.
+    return tools_cache_path(*ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE)
+
+
+# 3.1.1 rather than 3.1.0: the registry has no package for 3.1.0, and the
+# encoder below cannot name 3.0.0/3.0.1 either (see its docstring)
+MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = Version(3, 1, 1)
+
+
+def framework_package_version(ver: Version) -> str:
+    """Map an Arduino core version to its registry package version (3.1.2 ->
+    3.30102.0; the leading 3 is the package major).
+
+    Exact registry names only for cores > 2.6.2 and >= 3.0.2; callers floor
+    at MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION.
+    """
+    if ver.major > 3:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Arduino core {ver} is not supported yet; "
+            "the newest known core series is 3.x"
+        )
+    if ver <= Version(2, 6, 2):
+        # Cores <= 2.6.2 use the older 1.x/2.x package-major encodings (same
+        # boundary as _format_framework_arduino_version's era guard)
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Arduino core {ver} uses an older package encoding than this "
+            "helper implements (newer than 2.6.2)"
+        )
+    return f"3.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
+
+
+def get_framework_path(package_version: str) -> Path:
+    return get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "frameworks" / package_version
+
+
+def get_toolchain_path() -> Path:
+    return get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "toolchains" / TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+
+
+class InstalledPaths(NamedTuple):
+    """Locations of the installed framework, toolchain, and ninja binary."""
+
+    framework: Path
+    toolchain: Path
+    ninja: Path
+
+
+def check_and_install(framework_version: Version) -> InstalledPaths:
+    """Ensure framework, toolchain, and ninja are installed; return their paths."""
+    if framework_version < MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION:
+        # Config validation enforces this too; keep the module honest when
+        # called directly.
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"The native toolchain requires the Arduino core "
+            f">= {MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION}, got {framework_version}"
+        )
+    # Probe the cheap local dependency before ~110 MB of downloads
+    ninja_path = find_ninja()
+    package_version = framework_package_version(framework_version)
+    framework_path = get_framework_path(package_version)
+    downloads_dir = get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "downloads"
+    toolchain_path = get_toolchain_path()
+    # One spec per package: the prefetch and the installs must agree
+    specs = (
+        (
+            FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+            package_version,
+            framework_path,
+            ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+            ("cores/esp8266", "tools/sdk", "libraries"),
+        ),
+        (
+            TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+            TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+            toolchain_path,
+            ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+            # xtensa-lx106-elf pins the target: every gcc package has a bin/
+            ("bin", "xtensa-lx106-elf"),
+        ),
+    )
+    # Fetch both archives at once; the installs below verify and extract
+    prefetch_packages([spec[:4] for spec in specs], downloads_dir)
+    for name, version, dest, mirrors, expect in specs:
+        install_package(name, version, dest, mirrors, downloads_dir, expect=expect)
+    return InstalledPaths(
+        framework=framework_path, toolchain=toolchain_path, ninja=ninja_path
+    )
+
+
+def toolchain_tool(toolchain_path: Path, name: str) -> Path:
+    """Path to one toolchain tool (gcc, g++, ar, size, addr2line, ...).
+
+    The single owner of the ``bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-<name>`` layout and the
+    Windows suffix, so a toolchain package bump touches one spot.
+    """
+    suffix = ".exe" if os.name == "nt" else ""
+    return toolchain_path / "bin" / f"xtensa-lx106-elf-{name}{suffix}"
+
+
+def get_build_env(toolchain_path: Path, ccache: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    # Drop empty entries: a trailing separator from an absent PATH would
+    # make the shell search the current directory for tools
+    parts = [
+        str(toolchain_path / "bin"),
+        *filter(None, env.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)),
+    ]
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(parts)
+    env.update(ccache_env(ccache))
+    return env
+
+
+def ccache_env(ccache: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Return ccache settings for the build subprocess (not os.environ).
+
+    ``ccache`` is the pre-resolved binary (resolve_ccache_path), or None
+    when disabled. Values the user already set in the environment are
+    respected.
+    """
+    if ccache is None:
+        return {}
+    return ccache_defaults_env(get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "ccache")
diff --git a/esphome/async_thread.py b/esphome/async_thread.py
index 3972d735f5..3296d65af6 100644
--- a/esphome/async_thread.py
+++ b/esphome/async_thread.py
@@ -11,43 +11,136 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from itertools import count
+import logging
 import threading
+from typing import cast
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# How long the orphan watcher waits for an abandoned coroutine before giving
+# up, so a hung operation does not park a watcher thread forever.
+ORPHAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT = 300.0
+
+
+_runner_ids = count(1)
+
+
+class AsyncDispatchTimeout(TimeoutError):
+    """The caller stopped waiting; the coroutine was abandoned.
+
+    A subclass so callers can tell the dispatcher's own expiry apart from a
+    ``TimeoutError`` raised inside the coroutine, while existing
+    ``except TimeoutError`` handlers keep working.
+    """
 
 
 class AsyncThreadRunner[T](threading.Thread):
     """Run an async coroutine in a daemon thread and expose its result.
 
-    The runner catches all exceptions from the coroutine and stores them in
-    ``exception`` so ``event`` is always set — this prevents callers waiting
-    on ``event`` from hanging forever when the coroutine crashes.
-
-    Typical usage::
-
-        runner = AsyncThreadRunner(lambda: my_coro(arg))
-        runner.start()
-        if not runner.event.wait(timeout=5.0):
-            ...  # timed out
-        if runner.exception is not None:
-            raise runner.exception
-        result = runner.result
+    ``event`` is always set, even when the coroutine crashes, so waiters
+    never hang; ``completed`` distinguishes a delivered result (even a
+    legitimate ``None``) from a coroutine that never finished. Prefer
+    :func:`run_async`; use this class directly only when a failure should
+    degrade to a default value instead of raising.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, coro_factory: Callable[[], Awaitable[T]]) -> None:
-        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+        super().__init__(daemon=True, name=f"async-thread-runner-{next(_runner_ids)}")
         self._coro_factory = coro_factory
         self.result: T | None = None
         self.exception: BaseException | None = None
+        self.completed = False
         self.event = threading.Event()
 
     async def _runner(self) -> None:
         try:
             self.result = await self._coro_factory()
-        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-            # Capture all exceptions so ``event`` is always set — otherwise a
-            # crash would hang the waiter forever.
+            # Distinguishes a delivered result from "never ran", since None
+            # is a valid result value.
+            self.completed = True
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # Capture everything, including BaseException — otherwise a
+            # cancellation or SystemExit would leave ``exception`` unset and
+            # waiters would mistake the empty ``result`` for success.
             self.exception = exc
         finally:
             self.event.set()
 
     def run(self) -> None:
-        asyncio.run(self._runner())
+        try:
+            asyncio.run(self._runner())
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # asyncio.run itself can fail before _runner executes (e.g. loop
+            # creation under fd exhaustion); record it so waiters never hang.
+            # A failure during loop cleanup after the coroutine completed
+            # must not clobber the delivered result, hence the guard.
+            if self.exception is None and not self.completed:
+                self.exception = exc
+            else:
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Event loop teardown failed after outcome recorded",
+                    exc_info=True,
+                )
+        finally:
+            self.event.set()
+
+
+def run_async[T](
+    coro_factory: Callable[[], Awaitable[T]],
+    timeout: float | None = None,
+    on_orphan: Callable[[T], None] | None = None,
+) -> T:
+    """Run a coroutine in a daemon-thread event loop and return its result.
+
+    Raises :class:`AsyncDispatchTimeout` if the coroutine does not finish
+    within ``timeout`` seconds; the thread is abandoned and exits with the
+    interpreter. If the abandoned coroutine later produces a result,
+    ``on_orphan`` (if given) is called with it so resources such as a
+    connected socket can be released; delivery is best effort and bounded
+    by ``ORPHAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT``.
+    """
+    runner: AsyncThreadRunner[T] = AsyncThreadRunner(coro_factory)
+    runner.start()
+    if not runner.event.wait(timeout):
+
+        def _cleanup() -> None:
+            if not runner.event.wait(ORPHAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT):
+                # The one state where a resource can genuinely leak; leave
+                # a trace so a recurring hang is attributable.
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Orphan watcher gave up after %.0fs; a late result may leak",
+                    ORPHAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT,
+                )
+                return
+            if not runner.completed:
+                # The only place an abandoned thread's real error surfaces;
+                # without it a late failure hides behind the TimeoutError.
+                # INFO, not DEBUG: it fires at most once per abandoned
+                # operation and the cause may not reproduce on a rerun.
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Abandoned async operation failed",
+                    exc_info=runner.exception,
+                )
+                return
+            if (result := runner.result) is None:
+                return
+            if on_orphan is None:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Discarding late result; no on_orphan handler")
+                return
+            try:
+                on_orphan(result)
+            except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                # INFO, not DEBUG: a failed release means a real leak, and
+                # it fires at most once per abandoned operation.
+                _LOGGER.info("Error releasing orphaned result", exc_info=True)
+
+        threading.Thread(
+            target=_cleanup, daemon=True, name="async-orphan-cleanup"
+        ).start()
+        raise AsyncDispatchTimeout("Timed out waiting for async operation")
+    if (exc := runner.exception) is not None:
+        raise exc
+    if not runner.completed:
+        raise RuntimeError("Async operation finished without a result or an exception")
+    return cast("T", runner.result)
diff --git a/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py b/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
index dec6ea04de..2ef89cf595 100644
--- a/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
+++ b/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
 """ESP-IDF direct build generator for ESPHome."""
 
 import json
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant, idf_version
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    get_esp32_variant,
+    get_excluded_builtin_components,
+    get_managed_component_require_names,
+    idf_version,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.framework_helpers import get_project_compile_flags, get_project_link_flags
+from esphome.espidf import variant_to_idf_target
+from esphome.framework_helpers import (
+    get_project_compile_flags,
+    get_project_cxx_compile_flags,
+    get_project_link_flags,
+)
 from esphome.helpers import mkdir_p, write_file_if_changed
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 # Replaces the IDF default C++ standard (-std=gnu++2b appended to
 # CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS by project.cmake's __build_init) with the one set via
 # cg.set_cpp_standard(). Emitted between include(project.cmake) and project(),
@@ -22,11 +35,12 @@ idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS "${{esphome_cxx_compile_options}}")""
 
 
 def get_available_components() -> list[str] | None:
-    """Get list of built-in ESP-IDF components from project_description.json.
+    """List the built-in ESP-IDF components from ``project_description.json``.
 
-    Excludes ``src``, IDF-managed components (``managed_components/``), and
-    converted PIO libs (``pio_components/``). Returns ``None`` if the build
-    dir or ``project_description.json`` isn't ready yet.
+    Only components below its ``idf_path/components`` count, which leaves out
+    ``src``, IDF-managed components, converted PIO libs and project local
+    ones such as the Arduino ``component_stubs``. Returns ``None`` if the
+    build dir or ``project_description.json`` isn't ready yet.
     """
     if CORE.build_path is None:
         return None
@@ -37,41 +51,44 @@ def get_available_components() -> list[str] | None:
     try:
         with project_desc.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
             data = json.load(f)
-
-        component_info = data.get("build_component_info", {})
-
-        result = []
-        for name, info in component_info.items():
-            # Exclude our own src component
-            if name == "src":
-                continue
-
-            # Exclude IDF-managed and converted-PIO components (external).
-            comp_dir = info.get("dir", "")
-            if "managed_components" in comp_dir or "pio_components" in comp_dir:
-                continue
-
-            result.append(name)
-
-        return result
-    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
+        root = (Path(data["idf_path"]) / "components").resolve()
+        result = [
+            name
+            for name, info in data.get("build_component_info", {}).items()
+            if (comp_dir := info.get("dir"))
+            and Path(comp_dir).resolve().is_relative_to(root)
+        ]
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, OSError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not read %s: %s", project_desc, err)
         return None
+    if not result:
+        _LOGGER.warning("No ESP-IDF components found under %s", root)
+    return result
 
 
 def has_discovered_components() -> bool:
-    """Check if we have discovered components from a previous configure."""
-    return get_available_components() is not None
+    """Check if a previous configure discovered any built-in components."""
+    return bool(get_available_components())
 
 
-def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
+def _cmake_quote(value: str) -> str:
+    """Quote a cmake arg value for a set() line. add_cmake_arg rejects
+    whitespace, quotes, and '$', so only backslashes need escaping."""
+    escaped = value.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+    return f'"{escaped}"'
+
+
+def get_project_cmakelists(
+    minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None
+) -> str:
     """Generate the top-level CMakeLists.txt for ESP-IDF project.
 
     When ``minimal`` is true, omit ``ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS``
     since ``project_description.json`` may be stale on the first write.
+    ``builtin_components`` supplies the discovered list (from the cache)
+    instead of reading it from ``project_description.json``.
     """
-    # Get IDF target from ESP32 variant (e.g., ESP32S3 -> esp32s3)
-    variant = get_esp32_variant()
-    idf_target = variant.lower().replace("-", "")
+    idf_target = variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant())
 
     # esp_idf_size 2.x (bundled with IDF >=6.0) made NG the default and
     # removed the --ng flag; on 1.x (IDF 5.5) --ng is required to get
@@ -91,12 +108,29 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
         for flag in project_compile_opts
     )
 
+    # Flags registered via cg.add_cxx_build_flag() go on CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS
+    # (not COMPILE_OPTIONS) because GCC warns when a C++-only flag such as
+    # -Wno-volatile is passed on a C compile.
+    cxx_compile_options = "\n".join(
+        f'idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS "{flag}" APPEND)'
+        for flag in get_project_cxx_compile_flags()
+    )
+
     cpp_standard_options = (
         CPP_STANDARD_TEMPLATE.format(standard=CORE.cpp_standard)
         if CORE.cpp_standard
         else ""
     )
 
+    # CMake variables registered via cg.add_cmake_arg(). Emitted before
+    # include(project.cmake) so values like EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS are already
+    # set when project.cmake seeds the component list, and on minimal
+    # (discovery) writes too so excluded components never register.
+    cmake_args = "\n".join(
+        f"set({name} {_cmake_quote(value)})"
+        for name, value in sorted(CORE.cmake_args.items())
+    )
+
     # Per-project list exposed as a CMake variable so converted PIO libs
     # can reference ${ESPHOME_PROJECT_MANAGED_COMPONENTS} without baking
     # project-specific names into their cached CMakeLists.
@@ -107,8 +141,6 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
     # runs as a separate CMake script invocation that doesn't load the
     # project's top-level CMakeLists; without this, ${ESPHOME_PROJECT_
     # MANAGED_COMPONENTS} in a converted-lib REQUIRES expands to empty).
-    from esphome.components.esp32 import get_managed_component_require_names
-
     managed_components_property = "\n".join(
         f"idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_MANAGED_COMPONENTS {name} APPEND)"
         for name in get_managed_component_require_names()
@@ -119,12 +151,24 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
     # component's REQUIRES including real IDF components). Referenced by
     # src/CMakeLists and by each converted PIO lib's CMakeLists. Skipped
     # on minimal writes because project_description.json may be stale.
+    # Excluded components are dropped here as well: a stale
+    # project_description.json from a build without exclusions may still
+    # list them, and requiring an excluded component pulls it back into
+    # the build (IDF requirement expansion overrides EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS).
+    # Derived from the EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS cmake arg emitted above so the
+    # two can never disagree within one generated file.
     builtin_components_property = (
         ""
         if minimal
         else "\n".join(
             f"idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS {name} APPEND)"
-            for name in sorted(get_available_components() or [])
+            for name in sorted(
+                set(
+                    builtin_components
+                    if builtin_components is not None
+                    else get_available_components() or []
+                ).difference(CORE.cmake_args.get("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "").split(";"))
+            )
         )
     )
 
@@ -151,10 +195,14 @@ set(CMAKE_NINJA_FORCE_RESPONSE_FILE 1)
 set(IDF_TARGET {idf_target})
 set(EXTRA_COMPONENT_DIRS ${{CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}}/src)
 
+{cmake_args}
+
 include($ENV{{IDF_PATH}}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
 
 {cpp_standard_options}
 
+{cxx_compile_options}
+
 {extra_compile_options}
 
 {managed_components_property}
@@ -196,15 +244,27 @@ def get_component_cmakelists() -> str:
 if(CMAKE_SCRIPT_MODE_FILE)
     file(GLOB_RECURSE app_sources
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.cpp"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.cc"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.cxx"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.c++"
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.c"
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.cpp"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.cc"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.cxx"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.c++"
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.c"
     )
 else()
     file(GLOB_RECURSE app_sources CONFIGURE_DEPENDS
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.cpp"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.cc"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.cxx"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.c++"
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.c"
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.cpp"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.cc"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.cxx"
+        "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.c++"
         "${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.c"
     )
 endif()
@@ -222,7 +282,9 @@ target_link_options(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} PUBLIC
 """
 
 
-def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
+def write_project(
+    minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None
+) -> None:
     """Write ESP-IDF project files."""
     mkdir_p(CORE.build_path)
     mkdir_p(CORE.relative_src_path())
@@ -230,7 +292,7 @@ def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
     # Write top-level CMakeLists.txt
     write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_build_path("CMakeLists.txt"),
-        get_project_cmakelists(minimal=minimal),
+        get_project_cmakelists(minimal=minimal, builtin_components=builtin_components),
     )
 
     # Write component CMakeLists.txt in src/
@@ -238,3 +300,13 @@ def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
         CORE.relative_src_path("CMakeLists.txt"),
         get_component_cmakelists(),
     )
+
+    # Snapshot the exclusion set so has_outdated_files() can trigger a
+    # discovery reconfigure when it changes. Excluded components never
+    # register in project_description.json, so re-including one (e.g. a
+    # config gains mqtt) requires a fresh discovery pass before the
+    # ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS property can list it.
+    write_file_if_changed(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_components.esphomeinternal"),
+        ";".join(get_excluded_builtin_components()),
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py b/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py
index a583279ea7..0a12d344a0 100644
--- a/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py
+++ b/esphome/build_gen/platformio.py
@@ -63,6 +63,17 @@ def get_ini_content():
     # Add extra script for C++ flags
     CORE.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", [f"pre:{CXX_FLAGS_FILE_NAME}"])
 
+    # Add CMake args. A user-supplied value (str or list) is deliberately
+    # replaced; this option was always overwritten at FINAL priority.
+    if CORE.cmake_args:
+        CORE.add_platformio_option(
+            "board_build.cmake_extra_args",
+            " ".join(
+                f"-D{name}={value}" for name, value in sorted(CORE.cmake_args.items())
+            ),
+            replace=True,
+        )
+
     content = "[platformio]\n"
     content += f"description = ESPHome {__version__}\n"
 
@@ -108,7 +119,6 @@ Import("env")
 def write_cxx_flags_script() -> None:
     path = CORE.relative_build_path(CXX_FLAGS_FILE_NAME)
     contents = CXX_FLAGS_FILE_CONTENTS
-    if not CORE.is_host:
-        contents += 'env.Append(CXXFLAGS=["-Wno-volatile"])'
-        contents += "\n"
+    for flag in sorted(CORE.cxx_build_flags):
+        contents += f'env.Append(CXXFLAGS=["{flag}"])\n'
     write_file_if_changed(path, contents)
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py b/esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df956a2509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Build helpers shared by the native (non-PlatformIO) toolchains."""
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py b/esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b5c7f247f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Shared ccache policy for build backends: env-knob parsing, binary
+resolution, and default ``CCACHE_*`` values."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix, tool_version_runs
+from esphome.helpers import FALSY_ENV_STRINGS, TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _ccache_runs(ccache: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when the ``ccache`` found on PATH actually runs."""
+    return tool_version_runs(
+        ccache,
+        "Ignoring ccache at %s because it failed to run; compiling without ccache",
+    )
+
+
+def parse_enable_env(name: str) -> bool | None:
+    """Strictly parse an on/off environment knob; None when unset or invalid.
+
+    ``bool(str)`` truthiness would flip ``no``/``off`` to enabled, so only
+    1/true/yes/on and 0/false/no/off count; anything else warns and reads
+    as unset so the caller's default policy applies.
+    """
+    raw = os.environ.get(name)
+    if raw is None:
+        return None
+    lowered = raw.strip().lower()
+    if not lowered:
+        # ENV KNOB= (Docker/CI) has always read as a disable
+        return False
+    if lowered in TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS:
+        return True
+    if lowered in FALSY_ENV_STRINGS:
+        return False
+    _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unrecognized %s=%r; use 1 or 0", name, raw)
+    return None
+
+
+def resolve_ccache_path() -> str | None:
+    """The ccache binary to wrap compiles with, or None when disabled.
+
+    An explicit ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1`` skips the runnability probe; the
+    Windows extended-length prefix is stripped before probing (#18399).
+    """
+    import shutil
+
+    explicit = parse_enable_env("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE")
+    if explicit is False:
+        return None
+    ccache = shutil.which("ccache")
+    if ccache is None:
+        if explicit:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE is set but no ccache binary is on PATH; "
+                "compiling without ccache"
+            )
+        return None
+    ccache = strip_win_long_path_prefix(ccache)
+    if not explicit and not _ccache_runs(ccache):
+        return None
+    return ccache
+
+
+def ccache_defaults_env(cache_dir: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Default ``CCACHE_*`` values for a build subprocess (not os.environ).
+
+    Values the user already set in the environment are respected. Depend
+    mode is on: both native backends emit depfiles (-MMD / CMake), which
+    keeps cache-miss overhead low.
+    """
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    # An unset build_path means the env was built before preload; fail loudly
+    # rather than silently drop CCACHE_BASEDIR.
+    if CORE.build_path is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "CORE.build_path must be set before constructing the build environment"
+        )
+    defaults = {
+        "CCACHE_DIR": str(cache_dir),
+        "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "true",
+        "CCACHE_DEPEND": "1",
+        "CCACHE_BASEDIR": str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve()),
+    }
+    return {k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k not in os.environ}
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py b/esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..038fe64970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+"""Derive idedata from a native (non-PlatformIO) build's ``compile_commands.json``.
+
+PlatformIO exposes a curated ``pio run -t idedata`` JSON; the native
+toolchains have no such command, but each build produces a
+``compile_commands.json`` (CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS for ESP-IDF, ninja's
+compdb tool otherwise). This module turns that file into the same fields
+consumers (IDE integration, clang-tidy) expect:
+
+    {cc_path, cxx_path, cxx_flags, defines, includes: {build, toolchain}}
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.helpers import write_file
+
+# Everything idedata generation may raise after a successful link; idedata
+# is a bonus artifact, so consumers warn instead of failing the build
+IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS = (
+    EsphomeError,
+    LookupError,
+    OSError,
+    RuntimeError,
+    ValueError,
+)
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# C++ translation-unit suffixes used to identify ESPHome source files.
+_CXX_SUFFIXES = (".cpp", ".cc")
+# Suffixes of input/output files that appear bare on the command line (and so
+# must not be mistaken for compiler flags).
+_INPUT_FILE_SUFFIXES = (*_CXX_SUFFIXES, ".c", ".o", ".S", ".s")
+# Path marker identifying an ESPHome source translation unit.
+_ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER = "/src/esphome/"
+
+
+def _is_esphome_src(file: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether ``file`` is an ESPHome C++ translation unit; normalized to
+    ``/`` first since Windows compile DBs use backslashes."""
+    return _ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER in file.replace("\\", "/") and file.endswith(
+        _CXX_SUFFIXES
+    )
+
+
+def _split_command(command: str) -> list[str]:
+    r"""Tokenize a compile_commands.json / response-file command string.
+
+    On Windows, tokenize per Windows ``argv`` rules via ``CommandLineToArgvW``.
+    ESP-IDF's compile_commands.json there mixes two backslash conventions in one
+    string: literal path separators in the compiler path (``C:\Users\...g++.exe``,
+    no quote follows) and shell quote-escaping in -D defines (``-DVER=\"1.2.3\"``).
+    Only the real Windows parser — where a backslash escapes solely a following
+    quote — handles both, and it is the exact tokenizer the compiler is launched
+    with. ``shlex`` cannot: POSIX mode eats the path separators, and disabling
+    its escape mangles the defines.
+    """
+    if os.name != "nt":
+        return shlex.split(command)
+
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import wintypes
+
+    # CommandLineToArgvW("") returns the current process name, not []; guard it
+    # so an empty response file tokenizes the same as it would via shlex.
+    if not command.strip():
+        return []
+
+    CommandLineToArgvW = ctypes.windll.shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
+    CommandLineToArgvW.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int)]
+    CommandLineToArgvW.restype = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)
+    argc = ctypes.c_int()
+    argv = CommandLineToArgvW(command, ctypes.byref(argc))
+    if not argv:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise ctypes.WinError()
+    try:
+        return [argv[i] for i in range(argc.value)]
+    finally:
+        ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(argv)
+
+
+def _expand_response_files(tokens: list[str], directory: Path) -> list[str]:
+    """Inline any ``@response-file`` arguments (paths relative to ``directory``).
+
+    GCC response files embed flags that must be expanded so GCC-only flags
+    inside them (e.g. ``-mlongcalls``) can be filtered downstream; left as
+    ``@file`` clang would read them and choke.
+    """
+    out: list[str] = []
+    for tok in tokens:
+        if tok.startswith("@"):
+            rf = Path(tok[1:])
+            if not rf.is_absolute():
+                rf = directory / rf
+            try:
+                out.extend(
+                    _expand_response_files(
+                        _split_command(rf.read_text(encoding="utf-8")), directory
+                    )
+                )
+                continue
+            except OSError as err:
+                # Keep the literal token if the file can't be read, but log it
+                # so the (otherwise opaque) downstream clang failure is traceable.
+                _LOGGER.warning("Could not read response file %s: %s", rf, err)
+        out.append(tok)
+    return out
+
+
+def _pick_entry(entries: list[dict]) -> dict:
+    """Pick a representative ESPHome C++ TU; all share the same component
+    flags/defines."""
+    for entry in entries:
+        if _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
+            return entry
+    for entry in entries:
+        if entry["file"].endswith(_CXX_SUFFIXES):
+            return entry
+    raise ValueError("no C++ translation unit found in compile_commands.json")
+
+
+# Compiler launchers that may prefix a compile command; a closed launcher
+# denylist beats enumerating compiler names, an open set.
+_LAUNCHER_STEMS = frozenset({"ccache", "sccache", "distcc", "icecc", "buildcache"})
+
+
+def _is_launcher(token: str) -> bool:
+    return Path(token).stem.lower() in _LAUNCHER_STEMS
+
+
+def parse_entry(
+    entry: dict, launcher: str | None = None
+) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
+    """Parse one compile_commands entry -> (cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags)."""
+    directory = Path(entry["directory"])
+    tokens = _expand_response_files(_split_command(entry["command"]), directory)
+
+    def _include(raw: str) -> str:
+        # Resolve against the entry's ``directory`` so cached idedata works
+        # from any cwd; emit forward slashes to match the JSON's own entries
+        raw = raw.strip()
+        if raw and not Path(raw).is_absolute():
+            raw = os.path.normpath(directory / raw)
+        return raw.replace("\\", "/")
+
+    # A launcher-wrapped command ("ccache g++ ...") names the compiler second
+    if launcher is not None and tokens[:1] == [launcher]:
+        tokens = tokens[1:]
+    if not tokens:
+        # An empty command, or one that was only the launcher; fail by name
+        raise ValueError(f"empty compile command for {entry.get('file')}")
+    if _is_launcher(tokens[0]) and len(tokens) > 1 and not tokens[1].startswith("-"):
+        # Stale DB built with a launcher this run no longer configures; the
+        # real compiler is the next token
+        _LOGGER.warning("Stripping unconfigured launcher %s", tokens[0])
+        tokens = tokens[1:]
+    # token0 is the compiler path; the rest of the command already uses forward
+    # slashes on Windows, so normalize it too for a consistent idedata file.
+    cxx_path = tokens[0].replace("\\", "/")
+    # Enforced here so no caller can record ccache as the compiler
+    reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path)
+    defines: list[str] = []
+    includes: list[str] = []
+    cxx_flags: list[str] = []
+
+    it = iter(tokens[1:])
+    for tok in it:
+        if tok in ("-c", "-o"):
+            next(it, None)  # drop the flag and its argument (input/output)
+        elif tok.startswith("-D"):
+            # ``.strip()`` handles tokens like ``-D CONFIGURED=1`` (a single
+            # quoted arg with a space after -D) that some flags arrive as.
+            defines.append(tok[2:].strip() if len(tok) > 2 else next(it, "").strip())
+        elif tok.startswith("-I"):
+            includes.append(_include(tok[2:] if len(tok) > 2 else next(it, "")))
+        elif tok == "-isystem":
+            includes.append(_include(next(it, "")))
+        elif tok.startswith("-isystem"):
+            includes.append(_include(tok[len("-isystem") :]))
+        elif tok in ("-MT", "-MF", "-MQ"):
+            next(it, None)  # dependency-file flag + its argument
+        elif tok.startswith(("-MD", "-MMD", "-MP", "-MM")):
+            pass  # dependency-generation flags, no argument
+        elif tok.endswith(_INPUT_FILE_SUFFIXES):
+            pass  # input/output files
+        else:
+            cxx_flags.append(tok)
+    return cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags
+
+
+def get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Query the compiler for its builtin ``#include <...>`` search dirs."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [cxx_path, "-E", "-x", "c++", "-", "-v"],
+        input="",
+        text=True,
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        check=False,
+        close_fds=False,
+    )
+    includes: list[str] = []
+    capture = False
+    for line in result.stderr.splitlines():
+        if "#include <...> search starts here:" in line:
+            capture = True
+            continue
+        if "End of search list." in line:
+            break
+        if capture:
+            includes.append(line.strip())
+    if result.returncode != 0 or not includes:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Could not query builtin include dirs from {cxx_path} "
+            f"(return code {result.returncode}); stderr:\n{result.stderr.strip()}"
+        )
+    return includes
+
+
+def _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path: str) -> str:
+    """Derive the C compiler path from the C++ compiler path.
+
+    compile_commands.json only names the C++ compiler, but consumers reach the
+    rest of the toolchain (objdump, readelf, addr2line) by rewriting the tail of
+    ``cc_path``, so they need the ``gcc``-suffixed name.
+    """
+    stem, suffix = (
+        (cxx_path[: -len(".exe")], ".exe")
+        if cxx_path.endswith(".exe")
+        else (cxx_path, "")
+    )
+    # Rewrite the program name only when it is g++ itself, or a toolchain
+    # prefixed one such as xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -> xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc.
+    # Requiring a separator before the "g++" keeps names that merely end in
+    # those three characters intact: "clang++" must not become "clangcc".
+    head = stem[: -len("g++")]
+    if stem.endswith("g++") and (not head or head.endswith(("-", "/", "\\"))):
+        stem = f"{head}gcc"
+    return f"{stem}{suffix}"
+
+
+def _cache_usable(cached: object) -> bool:
+    """Check a cached idedata dict against the guarantees of the write path.
+
+    Caches written by older versions predate the launcher rejection and the
+    include-union shape; serving one would bypass both. The dict check also
+    keeps "in" from substring-matching a bare JSON string.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cached, dict) or "cc_path" not in cached:
+        return False
+    cxx_path = cached.get("cxx_path")
+    if not isinstance(cxx_path, str) or _is_launcher(cxx_path):
+        return False
+    includes = cached.get("includes")
+    return isinstance(includes, dict) and isinstance(includes.get("build"), list)
+
+
+def load_or_build_idedata(
+    compile_commands: Path,
+    elf_path: Path,
+    cache: Path,
+    launcher: str | None = None,
+) -> dict | None:
+    """Return idedata for a compile_commands.json build, cached on mtime.
+
+    Shared by the native ESP-IDF and ESP8266 Arduino toolchains. Returns None
+    when the compile DB doesn't exist yet (nothing was built). ``launcher``
+    is the compiler-launcher path (ccache) the build was generated with, if
+    any; commands in the compile DB are prefixed with it.
+    """
+    if not compile_commands.is_file():
+        _LOGGER.debug("No %s yet; skipping idedata generation", compile_commands)
+        return None
+
+    if cache.is_file() and cache.stat().st_mtime >= compile_commands.stat().st_mtime:
+        try:
+            cached = json.loads(cache.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        except (ValueError, OSError) as err:
+            # A recurring cause (interrupted write, disk full) would otherwise
+            # look like unexplained slow builds
+            _LOGGER.warning("Discarding unreadable idedata cache %s: %s", cache, err)
+        else:
+            if _cache_usable(cached):
+                # Re-stamp so a relocated build dir cannot serve a stale ELF path
+                cached["prog_path"] = str(elf_path)
+                return cached
+            _LOGGER.debug("Regenerating idedata: cache %s fails validation", cache)
+
+    data = idedata_from_build(compile_commands, launcher)
+    data["prog_path"] = str(elf_path)
+    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # Atomic so a crash mid-write cannot leave a truncated cache
+    write_file(cache, json.dumps(data, indent=2) + "\n")
+    return data
+
+
+def reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path: str) -> None:
+    """Reject a compile DB naming a launcher (ccache) as the compiler; it
+    must never be probed, cached, or consumed."""
+    if _is_launcher(cxx_path):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"compile_commands.json names the launcher {cxx_path} as the "
+            "compiler; the compile database is unusable"
+        )
+
+
+def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path, launcher: str | None = None) -> dict:
+    """Parse compile_commands.json into the idedata fields consumers expect.
+
+    A single compile entry only carries the include set its own translation
+    unit was built with (per-component under ESP-IDF), but consumers
+    (clang-tidy) analyze ESPHome headers that transitively pull in other
+    components. So take cxx_path / cxx_flags / defines from a representative
+    ESPHome TU, but union the include dirs across all ESPHome TUs to get a
+    project-wide superset (as PlatformIO's idedata provides).
+    """
+    entries = json.loads(Path(compile_commands).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    if not isinstance(entries, list) or not all(isinstance(e, dict) for e in entries):
+        # A TypeError here would escape IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS
+        raise EsphomeError(f"{compile_commands} is not a compile-command list")
+
+    representative = _pick_entry(entries)
+    cxx_path, defines, rep_includes, cxx_flags = parse_entry(representative, launcher)
+
+    # Seed with the representative's includes so it is not parsed twice
+    has_esphome_tu = _is_esphome_src(representative["file"])
+    build_includes: dict[str, None] = dict.fromkeys(
+        rep_includes if has_esphome_tu else ()
+    )
+
+    def _shape(entry: dict) -> str:
+        # directory + command minus TU-specific paths: same shape means the
+        # same include set, so tokenize once per shape. Response-file
+        # commands never dedupe (the .rsp contents differ per object)
+        command = entry["command"]
+        directory = entry.get("directory", "")
+        if "@" in command:
+            return f"unique:{directory}|{entry.get('output') or command}"
+        stripped = command.replace(entry.get("file", ""), "").replace(
+            entry.get("output", ""), ""
+        )
+        return f"{directory}|{stripped}"
+
+    seen_shapes = {_shape(representative)}
+    for entry in entries:
+        if entry is representative or not _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
+            continue
+        has_esphome_tu = True
+        if (shape := _shape(entry)) in seen_shapes:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Include union: %s shares a command shape", entry["file"])
+            continue
+        seen_shapes.add(shape)
+        for inc in parse_entry(entry, launcher)[2]:
+            build_includes.setdefault(inc, None)
+
+    if not has_esphome_tu:
+        # An arbitrary fallback TU breaks clang-tidy/IDE consumers, and a
+        # warning would be cached into permanence; call sites downgrade this
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"No ESPHome translation unit found in {compile_commands}; "
+            "refusing to cache unusable idedata"
+        )
+
+    return {
+        "cc_path": _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path),
+        "cxx_path": cxx_path,
+        "cxx_flags": cxx_flags,
+        "defines": defines,
+        "includes": {
+            "build": list(build_includes),
+            "toolchain": get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
+        },
+    }
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py b/esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c25bc9513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Platform-neutral helpers for ninja-driven native builds."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import shutil
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix, tool_version_runs
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _ninja_runs(binary: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether the ninja found on PATH actually runs (see tool_version_runs)."""
+    return tool_version_runs(
+        binary,
+        "Ignoring ninja at %s because it failed to run; "
+        "falling back to the bundled wheel",
+    )
+
+
+def find_ninja() -> Path:
+    """Locate the ninja binary: a runnable PATH hit first, else the ninja
+    PyPI wheel."""
+    if binary := shutil.which("ninja"):
+        binary = strip_win_long_path_prefix(binary)
+        if _ninja_runs(binary):
+            return Path(binary)
+    import_error: ImportError | None = None
+    try:
+        import ninja
+    except ImportError as err:
+        import_error = err
+        wheel_binary = None
+    else:
+        wheel_binary = Path(ninja.BIN_DIR) / (
+            "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+        )
+    if wheel_binary is None or not wheel_binary.is_file():
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "ninja not found on PATH or in the ninja package; reinstall the "
+            "esphome Python environment"
+        ) from import_error
+    return wheel_binary
+
+
+def escape(value: Path | str) -> str:
+    """Escape a path or token for a ninja file."""
+    return str(value).replace("$", "$$").replace(":", "$:").replace(" ", "$ ")
+
+
+def quote_arg(tok: str) -> str:
+    """Quote with the CreateProcess argv rule (as ``subprocess.list2cmdline``):
+    backslash runs double only before a quote. Windows-only; ``$`` must
+    already be doubled for ninja.
+    """
+    quoted = re.sub(r'(\\*)"', lambda m: m.group(1) * 2 + '\\"', tok)
+    quoted = re.sub(r"(\\+)\Z", lambda m: m.group(1) * 2, quoted)
+    return f'"{quoted}"'
+
+
+# Force-quote any token containing a character outside the shlex.quote-style
+# safe set: ninja hands POSIX commands to /bin/sh -c, so bare (, ;, <, *, `
+# and friends would be re-parsed as shell syntax.
+_NEEDS_QUOTE = re.compile(r"[^\w@%+=:,./-]")
+
+
+def shell_token(tok: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Re-quote a lexed token for the platform shell; ``force`` always quotes.
+
+    Single quotes on POSIX (/bin/sh), the argv rule on Windows
+    (CreateProcess). ``$`` is doubled first because ninja expands it before
+    the command reaches the shell.
+    """
+    tok = tok.replace("$", "$$")  # ninja would expand a bare $ to nothing
+    if not (force or not tok or _NEEDS_QUOTE.search(tok)):
+        return tok
+    # An empty token must become '' / "" or it vanishes from the argv
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        return quote_arg(tok)
+    # shlex.quote's rule; inlined because the $-doubled token must not be
+    # re-examined for safe characters
+    return "'" + tok.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
+
+
+def quote_path(value: Path | str) -> str:
+    """Force-quote a path for the ninja command line (shell/CreateProcess)."""
+    return shell_token(str(value), force=True)
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py b/esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b888111044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""The PlatformIO-format size bar shared by the native toolchains."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def format_bar(used: int, total: int) -> str:
+    """Match PlatformIO's ``_format_availale_bytes`` (sic, pioupload.py) exactly."""
+    pct_raw = used / total if total else 0
+    blocks = 10
+    filled = min(int(round(blocks * pct_raw)), blocks)
+    progress = "=" * filled
+    return (
+        f"[{progress:<{blocks}}] {pct_raw: 6.1%} "
+        f"(used {used:d} bytes from {total:d} bytes)"
+    )
+
+
+def print_size_line(label: str, used: int, total: int) -> None:
+    """One PlatformIO-format summary line (``RAM``/``Flash``).
+
+    The label padding is part of the format: ``script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py``
+    matches these lines verbatim.
+    """
+    print(f"{label + ':':<7}{format_bar(used, total)}")
diff --git a/esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py b/esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7193a8e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Machine-global tools cache location shared by the native backends."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def tools_cache_path(env_var: str, subdir: str) -> Path:
+    """A backend's machine-global tools directory, with an env override.
+
+    A blank/whitespace override is treated as unset: ``Path("")`` resolves
+    to the CWD, which ``clean-all`` would then delete.
+    """
+    import platformdirs
+
+    from esphome.helpers import get_str_env
+
+    if prefix := get_str_env(env_var, "").strip():
+        # resolve(): symlinked prefixes otherwise trip idf.py's
+        # venv-mismatch warning on every build
+        return Path(prefix).expanduser().resolve()
+    # appauthor=False keeps the Windows path short (no vendor segment);
+    # deep IDF trees run into MAX_PATH otherwise
+    return (
+        Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / subdir
+    ).resolve()
+
+
+# (env override, cache subdir) per native backend. writer.clean_all wipes
+# every entry via tools_cache_path, so listing a cache here is the single
+# step that registers it for removal; the backends' own path getters use
+# the same named pairs so the two cannot drift.
+IDF_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX", "idf")
+SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", "sdk-nrf")
+ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX", "arduino8266")
+TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS = (IDF_TOOLS_CACHE, SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE, ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE)
diff --git a/esphome/bundle.py b/esphome/bundle.py
index d38f68ebfd..b633c5ca4f 100644
--- a/esphome/bundle.py
+++ b/esphome/bundle.py
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ and compiled directly: ``esphome compile my_device.esphomebundle.tar.gz``
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import StrEnum
 import io
 import json
 import logging
-from pathlib import Path
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath
 import re
 import shutil
 import tarfile
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import const, yaml_util
 from esphome.const import (
+    BUNDLE_EXTENSION,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS,
     CONF_INCLUDES,
@@ -29,10 +30,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.util import filter_yaml_files
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-BUNDLE_EXTENSION = ".esphomebundle.tar.gz"
+DOMAIN = "bundle"
+
 MANIFEST_FILENAME = "manifest.json"
 CURRENT_MANIFEST_VERSION = 1
 MAX_DECOMPRESSED_SIZE = 500 * 1024 * 1024  # 500 MB
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ class ManifestKey(StrEnum):
     MANIFEST_VERSION = "manifest_version"
     ESPHOME_VERSION = "esphome_version"
     CONFIG_FILENAME = "config_filename"
+    CONFIG_DIR = "config_dir"
     FILES = "files"
     HAS_SECRETS = "has_secrets"
 
@@ -120,6 +124,153 @@ def _find_used_secret_keys(yaml_files: list[Path]) -> set[str]:
     return keys
 
 
+@dataclass
+class BundleData:
+    """Files components asked to include, keyed under DOMAIN in CORE.data."""
+
+    extra_files: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # Directories whose YAML files are scanned for !secret references but
+    # never bundled, e.g. git package checkouts the builder re-fetches.
+    secret_scan_dirs: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Original config dir parsed from an extracted bundle's manifest.json,
+    # kept in the path flavor of the machine the bundle was created on.
+    # The checked flag makes the manifest lookup happen at most once per run;
+    # CORE.data is cleared between runs.
+    original_config_dir: PurePath | None = None
+    original_config_dir_checked: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_data() -> BundleData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = BundleData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def add_bundle_file(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Register a file that a bundle must include.
+
+    Bundle discovery walks the validated config, so it only finds files the config
+    names. Components call this during validation for files it cannot see, such as a
+    file that is referenced from inside another file.
+
+    A relative path is taken as relative to the config directory. Files outside the
+    config directory are skipped when the bundle is built.
+    """
+    _get_data().extra_files.append(CORE.relative_config_path(path))
+
+
+def add_secret_scan_dir(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Register a directory to scan for ``!secret`` references when bundling.
+
+    The directory's files are not added to the bundle. Components call this
+    for YAML the build consumes without bundling it — such as git-fetched
+    packages, which the builder re-fetches — so the secrets those files
+    reference are still shipped in the filtered secrets file.
+
+    A relative path is taken as relative to the config directory.
+    """
+    if not path.is_absolute():
+        path = CORE.relative_config_path(path)
+    _get_data().secret_scan_dirs.add(path)
+
+
+def _secret_scan_yaml_files() -> list[Path]:
+    """Return the YAML files inside registered secret-scan directories."""
+    return filter_yaml_files(
+        f
+        for scan_dir in _get_data().secret_scan_dirs
+        for f in yaml_util.find_files(scan_dir, "*")
+    )
+
+
+# Windows paths start with a drive letter or contain backslashes; POSIX
+# paths do neither in practice, so this is how the flavor of a recorded
+# path string is recognized on any host.
+_WINDOWS_DRIVE_RE = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z]:")
+
+
+def _path_flavor(value: str) -> type[PurePath]:
+    """Pick the pure path class matching the flavor ``value`` was written in."""
+    if "\\" in value or _WINDOWS_DRIVE_RE.match(value):
+        return PureWindowsPath
+    return PurePosixPath
+
+
+def _load_original_config_dir() -> PurePath | None:
+    """Read the original config dir from an extracted bundle's manifest.
+
+    Returns None when the current config dir is not an extracted bundle or
+    the manifest does not record the original config dir.
+    """
+    manifest_path = CORE.config_dir / MANIFEST_FILENAME
+    try:
+        manifest = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        # The common case: this config dir is not an extracted bundle.
+        return None
+    except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, json.JSONDecodeError) as err:
+        # A manifest.json is present but unreadable or malformed. Say so
+        # instead of letting it look identical to "not a bundle".
+        _LOGGER.warning("Bundle: ignoring unreadable %s: %s", manifest_path, err)
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(manifest, dict):
+        return None
+    # A manifest.json in the config dir does not have to be ours. Only trust
+    # one that looks like a bundle manifest for exactly this config file.
+    version = manifest.get(ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION)
+    if not isinstance(version, int) or version < 1:
+        return None
+    if manifest.get(ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME) != CORE.config_path.name:
+        return None
+    config_dir = manifest.get(ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR)
+    if not isinstance(config_dir, str) or not config_dir:
+        return None
+    return _path_flavor(config_dir)(config_dir)
+
+
+def remap_bundle_path(value: str) -> Path | None:
+    """Remap an absolute path from the machine a bundle was created on.
+
+    A bundled config may reference files by absolute path. The referenced
+    files ship inside the bundle at their config-relative locations, but the
+    YAML text is copied verbatim, so after extraction on another machine the
+    absolute reference points at a path that only existed on the creating
+    machine. The bundle manifest records that machine's config dir; when
+    ``value`` names a path that lived under it, return the corresponding
+    file next to the extracted config.
+
+    ``value`` is the raw path string from the config. It is parsed with the
+    original machine's path flavor, so a bundle created on Windows remaps on
+    a POSIX build server and vice versa.
+
+    Returns None when not compiling an extracted bundle, when ``value`` was
+    not under the original config dir, or when the bundle does not contain
+    the file.
+    """
+    data = _get_data()
+    if not data.original_config_dir_checked:
+        data.original_config_dir_checked = True
+        data.original_config_dir = _load_original_config_dir()
+    original_dir = data.original_config_dir
+    if original_dir is None:
+        return None
+    path = type(original_dir)(value)
+    if not path.is_absolute():
+        return None
+    try:
+        rel = path.relative_to(original_dir)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    # relative_to is lexical, so ".." segments survive it. Refuse them: the
+    # remapped file must land strictly inside the extracted config tree.
+    if ".." in rel.parts:
+        return None
+    remapped = CORE.relative_config_path(Path(*rel.parts))
+    if not remapped.exists():
+        return None
+    return remapped
+
+
 @dataclass
 class BundleFile:
     """A file to include in the bundle."""
@@ -146,6 +297,7 @@ class BundleManifest:
     config_filename: str
     files: list[str]
     has_secrets: bool
+    config_dir: str | None = None
 
 
 class ConfigBundleCreator:
@@ -186,6 +338,7 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
         yaml_sources = [
             bf.source for bf in files if bf.source.suffix in (".yaml", ".yml")
         ]
+        yaml_sources.extend(_secret_scan_yaml_files())
         used_secret_keys = _find_used_secret_keys(yaml_sources)
         filtered_secrets = self._build_filtered_secrets(used_secret_keys)
 
@@ -270,6 +423,13 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
         """
         discovered = yaml_util.discover_user_yaml_files(self._config_path)
         self._secrets_paths.update(discovered.secrets)
+        # A !secret inside a file this re-parse does not reach (for example
+        # a git-fetched package the builder re-fetches) still resolves
+        # against the config-dir secrets.yaml at build time, so always
+        # consider that file; filtering no-ops when no key matches.
+        default_secrets = self._config_dir / yaml_util.SECRET_YAML
+        if default_secrets.is_file():
+            self._secrets_paths.add(default_secrets.resolve())
         config_resolved = self._config_path.resolve()
         for fpath in discovered.files:
             if fpath == config_resolved:
@@ -286,13 +446,18 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
         with known file extensions are also resolved and checked.
 
         Core ESPHome concepts that use relative paths or directories
-        are handled explicitly.
+        are handled explicitly. Files the config does not name at all are
+        registered by their component with add_bundle_file().
         """
         config = self._config
 
         # Generic walk: find all file paths in the validated config
         self._walk_config_for_files(config)
 
+        # Files registered by components during validation
+        for extra_file in _get_data().extra_files:
+            self._add_file(extra_file)
+
         # --- Core ESPHome concepts needing explicit handling ---
 
         # esphome.includes / includes_c - can be relative paths and directories
@@ -405,6 +570,7 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
             ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION: CURRENT_MANIFEST_VERSION,
             ManifestKey.ESPHOME_VERSION: const.__version__,
             ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME: self._config_path.name,
+            ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: str(self._config_dir),
             ManifestKey.FILES: [f.path for f in files],
             ManifestKey.HAS_SECRETS: has_secrets,
         }
@@ -489,12 +655,14 @@ def read_bundle_manifest(bundle_path: Path) -> BundleManifest:
     except tarfile.TarError as err:
         raise EsphomeError(f"Failed to read bundle: {err}") from err
 
+    config_dir = manifest.get(ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR)
     return BundleManifest(
         manifest_version=manifest[ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION],
         esphome_version=manifest.get(ManifestKey.ESPHOME_VERSION, "unknown"),
         config_filename=manifest[ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME],
         files=manifest.get(ManifestKey.FILES, []),
         has_secrets=manifest.get(ManifestKey.HAS_SECRETS, False),
+        config_dir=config_dir if isinstance(config_dir, str) else None,
     )
 
 
@@ -587,11 +755,6 @@ def _validate_tar_members(tar: tarfile.TarFile, target_dir: Path) -> None:
             )
 
 
-def is_bundle_path(path: Path) -> bool:
-    """Check if a path looks like a bundle file."""
-    return path.name.lower().endswith(BUNDLE_EXTENSION)
-
-
 def _add_bytes_to_tar(tar: tarfile.TarFile, name: str, data: bytes) -> None:
     """Add in-memory bytes to a tar archive with deterministic metadata."""
     info = tarfile.TarInfo(name=name)
diff --git a/esphome/codegen.py b/esphome/codegen.py
index a5b5abe447..2aa6a70abd 100644
--- a/esphome/codegen.py
+++ b/esphome/codegen.py
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     add,
     add_build_flag,
     add_build_unflag,
+    add_cmake_arg,
+    add_cxx_build_flag,
     add_define,
     add_global,
     add_library,
@@ -48,10 +50,13 @@ from esphome.cpp_helpers import (  # noqa: F401
     build_registry_entry,
     build_registry_list,
     extract_registry_entry_config,
+    get_slot_count,
     gpio_pin_expression,
     past_safe_mode,
     register_component,
     register_parented,
+    set_setup_priority,
+    slot_counter,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_types import (  # noqa: F401
     NAN,
diff --git a/esphome/compiled_config.py b/esphome/compiled_config.py
index f4fd205285..0d855d71db 100644
--- a/esphome/compiled_config.py
+++ b/esphome/compiled_config.py
@@ -1,26 +1,193 @@
 """Validated-config cache for the upload/logs fast path.
 
-compile dumps the validated config to <data_dir>/storage/<file>.validated.yaml;
+compile dumps the validated config to <data_dir>/storage/<file>.validated.json;
 the next upload/logs for that YAML reuses it instead of running the full
-read_config pipeline. YAML round-trip (yaml_util.dump/load_yaml) keeps
-!lambda/!include/IDs/paths intact; mtime gates staleness.
+read_config pipeline. The cache is deliberately lossy: only ``!lambda``
+bodies survive typed (``Lambda``); IDs, time periods, MAC/IP addresses,
+paths, UUIDs and enums store the same string form the YAML dumper
+produced for them. JSON additionally coerces non-str dict keys to
+strings; validated configs only use string keys (every schema key
+validator is ``cv.string``). mtime gates staleness.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Lambda
 from esphome.helpers import write_file
-from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON, ext_storage_path
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON, ext_storage_path, storage_path
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Bump when the on-disk shape changes; a mismatched version falls back
+# to read_config. The envelope also stamps the writing esphome version:
+# after an upgrade the cache holds the previous release's validation, so
+# it falls back once and the re-save self-heals.
+_CACHE_VERSION = 1
+_LAMBDA_KEY = "__esphome_lambda__"
+
 
 def compiled_config_path(config_filename: str) -> Path:
     """Path to the cached validated config alongside the storage sidecar."""
+    return CORE.data_dir / "storage" / f"{config_filename}.validated.json"
+
+
+def save_compiled_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Write the validated-config cache. Always-write so mtime stays fresh.
+
+    Mode 0600 because config validation resolved !secret inline.
+    Failures are non-fatal: the fast path falls back to read_config.
+    """
+    try:
+        # The legacy YAML cache holds inline-resolved secrets and nothing
+        # reads it anymore; drop it even when the write below fails. A
+        # failed removal leaves resolved secrets on disk, so it warns.
+        try:
+            _legacy_compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not remove the legacy validated-config cache: %s", err
+            )
+        rendered = json.dumps(
+            {"v": _CACHE_VERSION, "esphome": ESPHOME_VERSION, "config": config},
+            separators=(",", ":"),
+            default=_json_default,
+        )
+        write_file(compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename), rendered, private=True)
+    except TypeError as err:
+        # Structural, not transient: this config can never cache (e.g. a
+        # non-basic dict key), so every upload/logs pays the slow path.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Cannot cache the validated config: %s", err)
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        # Likely persistent (permissions, full disk): every upload/logs
+        # pays the slow path until it clears, so surface it.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Skipping compiled config cache write: %s", err)
+
+
+def save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Refresh the cache from the upload/logs fallback (CORE.config must be set).
+
+    The cache is only written when a complete sidecar is on disk:
+    load_compiled_config can't use it otherwise, and it holds resolved
+    secrets.
+    """
+    if _refresh_sidecar():
+        save_compiled_config(config)
+
+
+def _refresh_sidecar() -> bool:
+    """Ensure a complete sidecar is on disk; True when one is.
+
+    Writes one (without claiming a build) when missing or wizard-only.
+    Failures are non-fatal; the next upload/logs pays the slow path again.
+    """
+    try:
+        path = storage_path()
+        try:
+            old = StorageJSON.load_strict(path)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # Present but unreadable: it may hold a real build's metadata,
+            # and a fresh rewrite would also stop the next compile from
+            # cleaning a possibly incoherent build tree.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Not caching: storage sidecar %s is unreadable (%s)", path, err
+            )
+            return False
+        if old is not None and old.can_apply_to_core():
+            if (
+                old.toolchain is not None
+                and CORE.toolchain is not None
+                and old.toolchain != CORE.toolchain.value
+            ):
+                # Platforms normalize toolchain-sensitive keys differently;
+                # never cache a config validated under a different toolchain
+                # than the compile's
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Not caching: config validated with toolchain %r but the "
+                    "last compile used %r",
+                    CORE.toolchain.value,
+                    old.toolchain,
+                )
+                return False
+            # Compile-written; nothing to refresh.
+            return True
+        if CORE.build_path is not None and CORE.build_path.exists():
+            # An unvalidated build tree: its absent or mismatched sidecar
+            # is what makes the next compile wipe it, so don't vouch for
+            # a build this run never saw.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Not caching: build tree %s has no matching sidecar; "
+                "'esphome compile' will settle it",
+                CORE.build_path,
+            )
+            return False
+        new = StorageJSON.from_esphome_core(CORE, old, claim_build=False)
+        if not new.can_apply_to_core():
+            _LOGGER.warning("Not caching: rebuilt storage sidecar is still incomplete")
+            return False
+        new.save(path)
+        return True
+    except (OSError, EsphomeError) as err:
+        # write_file wraps OSError into EsphomeError. Persistent
+        # (unwritable storage dir), so surface that every upload/logs
+        # pays the slow path.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Could not refresh the storage sidecar: %s", err)
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        # A structural bug; keep the traceback so it isn't mistaken
+        # for the I/O failure above.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Unexpected error refreshing the storage sidecar", exc_info=True
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def load_compiled_config(conf_path: Path) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """Load the cached validated config and apply storage metadata to CORE.
+
+    Returns None (caller falls back to read_config) when the cache is
+    missing, older than the source YAML, unparseable, a different cache
+    version, or the sidecar is incomplete. The loaded config carries no
+    source ranges; callers must not feed it into read_config/write_cpp.
+    """
+    cache_path = compiled_config_path(conf_path.name)
+    if not _cache_is_fresh(cache_path, conf_path):
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        envelope = json.loads(
+            cache_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"), object_hook=_decode_object
+        )
+    except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring unreadable compiled config cache: %s", err)
+        return None
+
+    if (
+        not isinstance(envelope, dict)
+        or envelope.get("v") != _CACHE_VERSION
+        or envelope.get("esphome") != ESPHOME_VERSION
+        or not isinstance(config := envelope.get("config"), dict)
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring compiled config cache with a foreign envelope")
+        return None
+
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(ext_storage_path(conf_path.name))
+    if storage is None or not storage.can_apply_to_core():
+        _LOGGER.debug("Ignoring compiled config cache: sidecar missing or incomplete")
+        return None
+    storage.apply_to_core()
+    return config
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.8: by then every maintained install has saved the
+# JSON cache at least once and dropped its legacy YAML file.
+def _legacy_compiled_config_path(config_filename: str) -> Path:
+    """Path of the pre-JSON YAML cache; only ever removed."""
     return CORE.data_dir / "storage" / f"{config_filename}.validated.yaml"
 
 
@@ -32,45 +199,21 @@ def _cache_is_fresh(cache_path: Path, source_path: Path) -> bool:
         return False
 
 
-def save_compiled_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    """Write the validated-config cache. Always-write so mtime stays fresh.
+def _json_default(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Mirror ESPHomeDumper's representers: Lambda stays typed, the rest
+    stringify (IDs, time periods, MAC/IP addresses, paths, UUIDs, enums).
 
-    Mode 0600 because show_secrets=True resolves !secret inline.
-    Failures are non-fatal: the fast path falls back to read_config.
+    IncludeFile/Extend/Remove have no JSON mirror and would stringify
+    wrong, but none survive validation (config.py's packages merge and
+    the substitution pass consume them) so no guard is spent on them.
     """
-    from esphome import yaml_util
-
-    try:
-        rendered = yaml_util.dump(config, show_secrets=True)
-        write_file(compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename), rendered, private=True)
-    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        _LOGGER.debug("Skipping compiled config cache write: %s", err)
+    if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+        return {_LAMBDA_KEY: value.value}
+    return str(value)
 
 
-def load_compiled_config(conf_path: Path) -> ConfigType | None:
-    """Load the cached validated config and apply storage metadata to CORE.
-
-    Returns None (caller falls back to read_config) when the cache is
-    missing, older than the source YAML, unparseable, or the sidecar
-    is incomplete.
-    """
-    cache_path = compiled_config_path(conf_path.name)
-    if not _cache_is_fresh(cache_path, conf_path):
-        return None
-
-    from esphome import yaml_util
-
-    try:
-        config = yaml_util.load_yaml(cache_path, clear_secrets=False)
-    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        return None
-
-    storage = StorageJSON.load(ext_storage_path(conf_path.name))
-    if storage is None:
-        return None
-    # apply_to_core assumes a real compile wrote the sidecar; wizard-only
-    # sidecars leave both of these unset and can't drive upload/logs.
-    if not storage.core_platform and not storage.target_platform:
-        return None
-    storage.apply_to_core()
-    return config
+def _decode_object(obj: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    """Revive the Lambda sentinel; every other mapping passes through."""
+    if len(obj) == 1 and isinstance(value := obj.get(_LAMBDA_KEY), str):
+        return Lambda(value)
+    return obj
diff --git a/esphome/component_aliases.py b/esphome/component_aliases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e701bd98d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/component_aliases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""Component alias registry.
+
+Generated by script/build_alias_registry.py - do not edit manually.
+See the component-alias section of esphome/loader.py.
+"""
+
+# alias -> (canonical component, removal version or None)
+COMPONENT_ALIASES: dict[str, tuple[str, str | None]] = {
+    "rp2040": ("rp2", "2027.7.0"),
+}
diff --git a/esphome/components/__init__.py b/esphome/components/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..3d7a546253 100644
--- a/esphome/components/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Importing `esphome.loader` here installs the component-alias
+# ``sys.meta_path`` finder before any submodule lookup runs. Without this,
+# `from esphome.components import <legacy_alias>` from a fresh interpreter
+# can race the finder install and raise ImportError, since the legacy
+# alias dir no longer exists on disk.
+from esphome import loader as _loader  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py b/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py
index e5f4f7ef30..f84091d688 100644
--- a/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/a01nyub/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@MrSuicideParrot"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py b/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py
index f0bc59ae6c..7372f8f760 100644
--- a/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/a02yyuw/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@TH-Braemer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py b/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py
index 97f5a6fe0f..7a19bd550d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py
+++ b/esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import stepper
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIR_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_SLEEP_PIN, CONF_STEP_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 a4988_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("a4988")
 A4988 = a4988_ns.class_("A4988", stepper.Stepper, cg.Component)
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = stepper.STEPPER_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await stepper.register_stepper(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py b/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py
index caaa546e25..84a69dfa23 100644
--- a/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_GRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 absolute_humidity_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("absolute_humidity")
 AbsoluteHumidityComponent = absolute_humidity_ns.class_(
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py b/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py
index 1f35095e0e..498565b0ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_METHOD, CONF_MIN_POWER
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 
@@ -48,7 +49,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
+
+        # Re-enable the gptimer driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_gptimer")
+
     if CORE.is_esp8266:
         # ac_dimmer uses setTimer1Callback which requires the waveform generator
         from esphome.components.esp8266.const import require_waveform
diff --git a/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py
index 5e122676cd..afdfefaba6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adalight/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ from esphome.components.light.effects import register_addressable_effect
 from esphome.components.light.types import AddressableLightEffect
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NAME, CONF_UART_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
     "Adalight",
     {cv.GenerateID(CONF_UART_ID): cv.use_id(uart.UARTComponent)},
 )
-async def adalight_light_effect_to_code(config, effect_id):
+async def adalight_light_effect_to_code(config: ConfigType, effect_id: ID) -> MockObj:
     effect = cg.new_Pvariable(effect_id, config[CONF_NAME])
     await uart.register_uart_device(effect, config)
     return effect
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py
index 96c8334a6d..5c763a4f4c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ANALOG, CONF_INPUT, CONF_NUMBER, PLATFORM_ESP8266
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
@@ -225,14 +228,15 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_adc_pin(value):
+def validate_adc_pin(value: Any) -> ConfigType | str:
     if str(value).upper() == "VCC":
-        if CORE.is_rp2040:
+        if CORE.is_rp2:
             return pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(29)
         return cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP8266])("VCC")
 
+    # Deprecated in favour of the `internal_temperature` platform, remove before 2027.2.0
     if str(value).upper() == "TEMPERATURE":
-        return cv.only_on_rp2040("TEMPERATURE")
+        return cv.only_on_rp2("TEMPERATURE")
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         conf = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
@@ -261,11 +265,11 @@ def validate_adc_pin(value):
             raise cv.Invalid("ESP8266: Only pin A0 (GPIO17) supports ADC")
         return conf
 
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
         conf = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
         number = conf[CONF_NUMBER]
         if number not in (26, 27, 28, 29):
-            raise cv.Invalid("RP2040: Only pins 26, 27, 28 and 29 support ADC")
+            raise cv.Invalid("RP2: Only pins 26, 27, 28 and 29 support ADC")
         return conf
 
     if CORE.is_libretiny:
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h
index 03de6f8b4b..7131898747 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ class ADCSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public v
   void set_autorange(bool autorange) { this->autorange_ = autorange; }
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   void set_is_temperature() { this->is_temperature_ = true; }
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 
  protected:
   uint8_t sample_count_{1};
@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ class ADCSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public v
   static adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t shared_adc_handles[2];
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   bool is_temperature_{false};
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
   const struct adc_dt_spec *channel_ = nullptr;
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
index 16c86aee18..5ca58df10e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.common";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 const LogString *sampling_mode_to_str(SamplingMode mode) {
   switch (mode) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
index a761b37749..a0f7a1ed08 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t ADCSensor::shared_adc_handles[2] = {nullptr, nullptr};
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
index e4f2f82f08..77a192e025 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ADC_MODE(ADC_VCC)
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.esp8266";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
 #ifndef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp
index d9b9f50be1..dfa545b395 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.libretiny";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
 #ifndef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp
similarity index 72%
rename from esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp
index 894c346588..ce665e8501 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "adc_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -17,7 +17,26 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.rp2040";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
+
+// The on-die temperature sensor sits on the last ADC channel: input 4 on RP2040
+// and RP2350A, but input 8 on RP2350B, which has eight external channels rather
+// than four.
+//
+// This deliberately does not use the SDK's ADC_TEMPERATURE_CHANNEL_NUM. That
+// derives from NUM_ADC_CHANNELS, which <pico.h> settles from a board header, and
+// arduino-pico supplies a fixed B-die one for every RP2350 build. The real die
+// is only declared later, by the variant's pins_arduino.h, so the SDK constant
+// reads 8 on A-die boards. PICO_RP2350A itself is correct by the time this file
+// is compiled, on both arduino-pico and pico-sdk builds.
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !defined(PICO_RP2350A)
+#error "PICO_RP2350A is not defined, so the RP2350 die is unknown and the temperature ADC channel cannot be chosen"
+#endif
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !PICO_RP2350A
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 8;
+#else
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 4;
+#endif
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
   static bool initialized = false;
@@ -52,7 +71,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
   if (this->is_temperature_) {
     adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
     delay(1);
-    adc_select_input(4);
+    adc_select_input(TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT);
 
     for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
       raw = adc_read();
@@ -102,4 +121,4 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::adc
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp
index c3632b00e2..bf45059740 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc.zephyr";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc";
 
 void ADCSensor::setup() {
   if (!adc_is_ready_dt(this->channel_)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py
index 09e09f0dc1..5d1031825e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/sensor.py
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 from esphome.components.nrf52.const import AIN_TO_GPIO, EXTRA_ADC
 from esphome.components.zephyr import (
     zephyr_add_overlay,
+    zephyr_add_overlay_builder,
     zephyr_add_prj_conf,
-    zephyr_add_user,
 )
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ _attenuation = cv.enum(ATTENUATION_MODES, lower=True)
 _sampling_mode = cv.enum(SAMPLING_MODES, lower=True)
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_RAW] and config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto":
         raise cv.Invalid("Automatic attenuation cannot be used when raw output is set")
 
@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ def validate_config(config):
         # Alter value here so `config` command prints the recommended change
         config[CONF_ATTENUATION] = _attenuation("12db")
 
+    # Remove before 2027.2.0
+    if config[CONF_PIN] == "TEMPERATURE":
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[adc] `pin: TEMPERATURE` is deprecated, use the `internal_temperature` "
+            "sensor platform instead. Will be removed in 2027.2.0"
+        )
+
     return config
 
 
@@ -113,7 +120,19 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID = "adc_channel_id"
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+def _overlay_io_channels() -> str:
+    channel_count = CORE.data[CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID]
+    entries = ", ".join(f"<&adc {channel_id}>" for channel_id in range(channel_count))
+    return f"""
+            / {{
+                zephyr,user {{
+                    io-channels = {entries};
+                }};
+            }};
+            """
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
@@ -121,6 +140,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_PIN] == "VCC":
         cg.add_define("USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC")
     elif config[CONF_PIN] == "TEMPERATURE":
+        # Remove before 2027.2.0
         cg.add(var.set_is_temperature())
     elif not CORE.is_nrf52 or config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER] not in EXTRA_ADC:
         pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
@@ -173,9 +193,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if isinstance(pin_number, int):
             GPIO_TO_AIN = {v: k for k, v in AIN_TO_GPIO.items()}
             pin_number = GPIO_TO_AIN[pin_number]
-        zephyr_add_user("io-channels", f"<&adc {channel_id}>")
-        zephyr_add_overlay(
-            f"""
+        zephyr_add_overlay_builder(_overlay_io_channels)
+        zephyr_add_overlay(f"""
                 &adc {{
                     #address-cells = <1>;
                     #size-cells = <0>;
@@ -190,8 +209,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                         zephyr,oversampling = <8>;
                     }};
                 }};
-            """
-        )
+            """)
 
 
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
@@ -201,7 +219,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
         "adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
-        "adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "adc_sensor_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py
index a5281aacc7..684147752d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py
index a65ae9d537..04589a7ce2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/adc128s102/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ADC128S102, adc128s102_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_CHANNEL],
diff --git a/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py b/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py
index 929d45121c..1db01b40f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@justfalter"]
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     wrapped_light = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_width(config[CONF_WIDTH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py
index beb74d7310..93c279e235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def neutral_channel(config):
+async def neutral_channel(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     current = config[CONF_CURRENT]
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ async def neutral_channel(config):
     return var
 
 
-async def power_channel(config):
+async def power_channel(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     for sensor_type in POWER_SENSOR_TYPES:
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ async def power_channel(config):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py
index 4fc35352f9..71250ac94e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@angelnu"]
 
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ ADE7953_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def register_ade7953(var, config):
+async def register_ade7953(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if irq_pin_config := config.get(CONF_IRQ_PIN):
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py
index 4b55acdafa..8447042d30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ade7953_base, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ade7953_base"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     await ade7953_base.register_ade7953(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py
index dce021daad..6fdf2147f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7953_spi/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ade7953_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ade7953_base"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
     await ade7953_base.register_ade7953(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py
index 6d52fc83fd..b42ee918c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py
index afb70d07c8..742f82d302 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1115/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_ADS1115_ID, ADS1115Component, ads1115_ns
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py
index 45d47a329e..956b9a0c1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@solomondg1"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py
index 33bfe97789..6bc3baa2e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1118/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ADS1118, CONF_ADS1118_ID, ads1118_ns
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ADS1118_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
index 6491d7d810..8606e7c247 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_OHM,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_RESISTANCE = "resistance"
 
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = i2c.final_validate_device_schema("ags10", max_frequency="15khz")
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -94,7 +97,12 @@ AGS10_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     AGS10_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ags10newi2caddress_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ags10newi2caddress_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     address = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -126,7 +134,12 @@ AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ags10setzeropoint_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ags10setzeropoint_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     mode = await cg.templatable(
diff --git a/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py
index a5b1cf0ffb..ae669d0000 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
index b478b573a3..50e2f81f1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -39,7 +42,12 @@ SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py
index 1545110798..44534b80e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jeromelaban"]
 
 airthings_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("airthings_ble")
 AirthingsListener = airthings_ble_ns.class_(
-    "AirthingsListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "AirthingsListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(AirthingsListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("airthings_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(AirthingsListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp
index 881b3e297b..f2625a7832 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.cpp
@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::airthings_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "airthings_ble";
 
-bool AirthingsListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool AirthingsListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   for (auto &it : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
-    if (it.uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(0x0334)) {
+    if (it.uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(0x0334)) {
       if (it.data.size() < 4)
         continue;
 
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ bool AirthingsListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::airthings_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h
index 8105ac32eb..8fdfeb972f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_ble/airthings_listener.h
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::airthings_ble {
 
-class AirthingsListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class AirthingsListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::airthings_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py
index dee26b524a..58fde11a3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ncareau", "@jeromelaban"]
 
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def wave_base_to_code(var, config):
+async def wave_base_to_code(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py
index f231be6670..9136b333e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import airthings_wave_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = airthings_wave_base.DEPENDENCIES
 
@@ -20,6 +21,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = airthings_wave_base.BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await airthings_wave_base.wave_base_to_code(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py
index a12c70f04c..8ea79e644f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await airthings_wave_base.wave_base_to_code(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py b/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py
index 279ab214cf..2c1a04ef27 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/alpha3/sensor.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 alpha3_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("alpha3")
 Alpha3 = alpha3_ns.class_("Alpha3", ble_client.BLEClientNode, cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py
index ec12ab717e..febb11409c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py b/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py
index ed4a5fd922..ffac0e6407 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py
index e4ecf1444f..d1783b77df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, cover
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_invert_position(config[CONF_INVERT_POSITION]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py
index 2697d364ad..80341972a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/am43/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["am43"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix"]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py
index 8c13727755..b2de1d6184 100644
--- a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR_ID, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 analog_threshold_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("analog_threshold")
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py b/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
index 9c9c7e3871..6da5268432 100644
--- a/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
@@ -1,114 +1,41 @@
-import logging
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy top-level `animation:` deprecation shim -- REMOVE this whole file after
+# 2027.1.0.
+#
+# Animations are now a platform of the `image:` component (`platform:
+# animation`); the real schema, actions and codegen live in `image.py`. This
+# module only keeps the deprecated top-level `animation:` key working during the
+# deprecation window: it reuses that schema/codegen and adds a one-shot
+# deprecation warning (with a pasteable migrated `image:` block) at validation
+# time. Deleting this file drops the top-level form entirely.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-from esphome import automation
-import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_LOOP
 import esphome.components.image as espImage
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_REPEAT
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+from . import image as animation_image
+from .image import ANIMATION_CONFIG_SCHEMA, setup_animation
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["image"]
+# The deprecated top-level `animation:` shim gets the same batched
+# downloads as the `image:` platform form.
+PREFETCH_FILES = animation_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["image", "file"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@syndlex"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT = True
 
-CONF_START_FRAME = "start_frame"
-CONF_END_FRAME = "end_frame"
-CONF_FRAME = "frame"
+DOMAIN = "animation"
 
-animation_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("animation")
+LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.1.0"
 
-Animation_ = animation_ns.class_("Animation", espImage.Image_)
-
-# Actions
-NextFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
-    "AnimationNextFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
-)
-PrevFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
-    "AnimationPrevFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
-)
-SetFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
-    "AnimationSetFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
+_capture_legacy_entry, _warn_legacy_animation = (
+    espImage.legacy_platform_migration_warning(DOMAIN, DOMAIN, LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION)
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    espImage.IMAGE_SCHEMA.extend(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(Animation_),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP): cv.All(
-                {
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_START_FRAME, default=0): cv.positive_int,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_END_FRAME): cv.positive_int,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_REPEAT): cv.positive_int,
-                }
-            ),
-        },
-    ),
-    espImage.validate_settings,
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(_capture_legacy_entry, ANIMATION_CONFIG_SCHEMA)
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _warn_legacy_animation
 
-NEXT_FRAME_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Animation_),
-    }
-)
-PREV_FRAME_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Animation_),
-    }
-)
-SET_FRAME_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Animation_),
-        cv.Required(CONF_FRAME): cv.uint16_t,
-    }
-)
-
-
-@automation.register_action(
-    "animation.next_frame", NextFrameAction, NEXT_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "animation.prev_frame", PrevFrameAction, PREV_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "animation.set_frame", SetFrameAction, SET_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
-)
-async def animation_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
-
-    if (frame := config.get(CONF_FRAME)) is not None:
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(frame, args, cg.uint16)
-        cg.add(var.set_frame(template_))
-    return var
-
-
-async def to_code(config):
-    (
-        prog_arr,
-        width,
-        height,
-        image_type,
-        trans_value,
-        frame_count,
-    ) = await espImage.write_image(config, all_frames=True)
-
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
-        config[CONF_ID],
-        prog_arr,
-        width,
-        height,
-        frame_count,
-        image_type,
-        trans_value,
-    )
-    if loop_config := config.get(CONF_LOOP):
-        start = loop_config[CONF_START_FRAME]
-        end = loop_config.get(CONF_END_FRAME, frame_count)
-        count = loop_config.get(CONF_REPEAT, -1)
-        cg.add(var.set_loop(start, end, count))
+to_code = setup_animation
diff --git a/esphome/components/animation/image.py b/esphome/components/animation/image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0265a350f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/animation/image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_LOOP
+from esphome.components.file import image as file_image
+from esphome.components.file.image import image_schema, write_image
+from esphome.components.image import Image_, validate_settings
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_REPEAT
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@syndlex"]
+
+# The animation platform shares the file platform's remote file handling,
+# including its batch-download hook.
+PREFETCH_FILES = file_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+AUTO_LOAD = ["file"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
+
+CONF_START_FRAME = "start_frame"
+CONF_END_FRAME = "end_frame"
+CONF_FRAME = "frame"
+
+animation_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("animation")
+
+Animation_ = animation_ns.class_("Animation", Image_)
+
+# Actions
+NextFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
+    "AnimationNextFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
+)
+PrevFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
+    "AnimationPrevFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
+)
+SetFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
+    "AnimationSetFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
+)
+
+ANIMATION_SCHEMA = image_schema(Animation_).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP): cv.All(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_START_FRAME, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_END_FRAME): cv.positive_int,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_REPEAT): cv.positive_int,
+            }
+        ),
+    },
+)
+
+# Shared schema used by both the (deprecated) top-level `animation:` key and the
+# `image:` `platform: animation` entry.
+ANIMATION_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(ANIMATION_SCHEMA, validate_settings)
+
+
+NEXT_FRAME_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Animation_),
+    }
+)
+PREV_FRAME_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Animation_),
+    }
+)
+SET_FRAME_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Animation_),
+        cv.Required(CONF_FRAME): cv.uint16_t,
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "animation.next_frame", NextFrameAction, NEXT_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "animation.prev_frame", PrevFrameAction, PREV_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "animation.set_frame", SetFrameAction, SET_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+async def animation_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+
+    if (frame := config.get(CONF_FRAME)) is not None:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(frame, args, cg.uint16)
+        cg.add(var.set_frame(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+async def setup_animation(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    (
+        prog_arr,
+        width,
+        height,
+        image_type,
+        trans_value,
+        frame_count,
+    ) = await write_image(config, all_frames=True)
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        prog_arr,
+        width,
+        height,
+        frame_count,
+        image_type,
+        trans_value,
+    )
+    if loop_config := config.get(CONF_LOOP):
+        start = loop_config[CONF_START_FRAME]
+        end = loop_config.get(CONF_END_FRAME, frame_count)
+        count = loop_config.get(CONF_REPEAT, -1)
+        cg.add(var.set_loop(start, end, count))
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = ANIMATION_CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+to_code = setup_animation
diff --git a/esphome/components/anova/climate.py b/esphome/components/anova/climate.py
index e1fd38fddc..5590b18a83 100644
--- a/esphome/components/anova/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/anova/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 UNITS = {
     "f": "f",
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py b/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py
index c3cba96fbf..4f165eec0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9306/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Based on this datasheet:
 # https://www.mouser.ca/datasheet/2/678/AVGO_S_A0002854364_1-2574547.pdf
 
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ AMBIENT_LIGHT_GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_measurement_rate(value):
+def _validate_measurement_rate(value: Any) -> MockObj:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
     return cv.enum(MEASUREMENT_RATES, int=True)(value.total_milliseconds)
 
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py b/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py
index 99e37d3764..7ac1e5eb32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py
index 48e923ab2b..342f688249 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIRECTION, DEVICE_CLASS_MOVING
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import APDS9960, CONF_APDS9960_ID
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_APDS9960_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     func = getattr(hub, f"set_{config[CONF_DIRECTION]}_direction_binary_sensor")
diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py b/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py
index 468eb0995f..a75fb79d1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import APDS9960, CONF_APDS9960_ID
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_APDS9960_ID])
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     func = getattr(hub, f"set_{config[CONF_TYPE]}_sensor")
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 0f5cd936f5..2e891a9663 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
-import base64
 import logging
+import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.logger import request_log_listener
-from esphome.config_helpers import get_logger_level
+
+# ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA and validate_encryption_key are re-exported for external
+# components and downstream consumers that import them from api
+from esphome.components.noise import (  # noqa: F401
+    ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA,
+    decode_encryption_key,
+    encryption_schema,
+    validate_encryption_key,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines, get_logger_level
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACTION,
@@ -13,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE,
     CONF_DATA,
     CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_EVENT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_KEY,
@@ -36,6 +47,10 @@ from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_pr
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
 
+# Compat alias: downstream consumers (e.g. device-builder) referenced the
+# schema by its old private name before it moved to the noise component
+_encryption_schema = encryption_schema
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DOMAIN = "api"
@@ -44,9 +59,15 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 
 def AUTO_LOAD(config: ConfigType) -> list[str]:
-    """Conditionally auto-load json only when capture_response is used."""
+    """Conditionally auto-load noise (encryption) and json (capture_response)."""
     base = ["socket"]
 
+    # A falsy config is a tooling probe for the maximal set (None from
+    # dependency resolution, {} from the components-graph platform probe);
+    # a validated config always carries defaults, never empty
+    if not config or CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
+        base = base + ["noise"]
+
     # Check if any homeassistant.action/homeassistant.service has capture_response: true
     # This flag is set during config validation in _validate_response_config
     if not config or CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE, False):
@@ -102,7 +123,6 @@ SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES: dict[str, MockObj] = {
         for name, t in _SERVICE_ARG_SCALAR_TYPES.items()
     },
 }
-CONF_ENCRYPTION = "encryption"
 CONF_BATCH_DELAY = "batch_delay"
 CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES = "custom_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES = "homeassistant_services"
@@ -112,18 +132,21 @@ CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE = "max_send_queue"
 CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY = "state_subscription_only"
 
 
-def validate_encryption_key(value):
-    value = cv.string_strict(value)
-    try:
-        decoded = base64.b64decode(value, validate=True)
-    except ValueError as err:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid key format, please check it's using base64") from err
+def _register_provisioning_source(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register the API as a provisioning source when encryption is enabled.
 
-    if len(decoded) != 32:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Encryption key must be base64 and 32 bytes long")
+    With no ``key`` the device boots unprovisioned and is set up on first
+    connection; a YAML ``key`` means it is born provisioned. Either way the API
+    drives the provisioning manager, so it counts as a source for `provisioning:`.
+    A hardcoded ``key`` is reported so `provisioning:` can warn about it.
+    """
+    if (encryption := config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+        from esphome.components import provisioning
 
-    # Return original data for roundtrip conversion
-    return value
+        provisioning.register_source("api")
+        if CONF_KEY in encryption:
+            provisioning.report_hardcoded_credentials("api")
+    return config
 
 
 CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE = "supports_response"
@@ -200,7 +223,7 @@ def _auto_detect_supports_response(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_supports_response(value):
+def _validate_supports_response(value: Any) -> str:
     """Validate supports_response after auto-detection has set the value."""
     return cv.enum(SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True)(value)
 
@@ -232,18 +255,6 @@ ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
     ),
 )
 
-ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_KEY): cv.sensitive(validate_encryption_key),
-    }
-)
-
-
-def _encryption_schema(config):
-    if config is None:
-        config = {}
-    return ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA(config)
-
 
 def _consume_api_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for API component."""
@@ -279,7 +290,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_SERVICES, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTIONS
             ): ACTIONS_SCHEMA,
             cv.Exclusive(CONF_ACTIONS, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTIONS): ACTIONS_SCHEMA,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ENCRYPTION): _encryption_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENCRYPTION): encryption_schema,
             cv.Optional(CONF_BATCH_DELAY, default="100ms"): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                 cv.Range(max=cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=65535)),
@@ -300,7 +311,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG,
                 esp8266=1,  # Limited RAM (~40KB free), LWIP raw sockets
                 esp32=4,  # More RAM (520KB), BSD sockets
-                rp2040=1,  # Limited RAM (264KB), LWIP raw sockets like ESP8266
+                rp2=1,  # Limited RAM (264KB), LWIP raw sockets like ESP8266
                 bk72xx=4,  # Moderate RAM, BSD-style sockets
                 rtl87xx=4,  # Moderate RAM, BSD-style sockets
                 host=4,  # Abundant resources
@@ -311,7 +322,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
                 esp8266=4,  # ~40KB free RAM, each connection uses ~500-1000 bytes
                 esp32=5,  # 520KB RAM available
-                rp2040=4,  # 264KB RAM but LWIP constraints
+                rp2=4,  # 264KB RAM but LWIP constraints
                 bk72xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
                 rtl87xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
                 host=8,  # Abundant resources
@@ -326,7 +337,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE,
                 esp8266=4,  # Limited RAM, need to fail fast
                 esp32=8,  # More RAM, can buffer more
-                rp2040=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                rp2=8,  # Moderate RAM
                 bk72xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
                 nrf52=8,  # Moderate RAM
                 rtl87xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
@@ -337,6 +348,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.rename_key(CONF_SERVICES, CONF_ACTIONS),
     _consume_api_sockets,
+    _register_provisioning_source,
 )
 
 
@@ -375,7 +387,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     if actions := config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, []):
         # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
-        triggers: list[cg.Pvariable] = []
+        triggers: list[cg.MockObj] = []
         for conf in actions:
             func_args: list[tuple[MockObj, str]] = []
             service_template_args: list[MockObj] = []  # User service argument types
@@ -465,21 +477,20 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     if (encryption_config := config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION, None)) is not None:
         if key := encryption_config.get(CONF_KEY):
-            decoded = base64.b64decode(key)
+            decoded = decode_encryption_key(key)
             cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(list(decoded)))
             cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML")
         else:
             # No key provided, but encryption desired
-            # This will allow a plaintext client to provide a noise key,
-            # send it to the device, and then switch to noise.
+            # Until a key is set, the device accepts both Noise connections
+            # using the well-known all-zeros PSK (preferred: the key travels
+            # encrypted, protecting against passive sniffing) and plaintext
+            # connections (deprecated, remove after 2027.2.0) so a client can
+            # provide a noise key and the device then switches to noise only.
             # The key will be saved in flash and used for future connections
             # and plaintext disabled. Only a factory reset can remove it.
             cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
         cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE")
-        cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.11")
-        # Enable optimized memzero/memcmp in libsodium instead of volatile byte loops
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS=1")
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_INLINE_ASM=1")
     else:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
 
@@ -489,6 +500,40 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
 KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string_strict)})
 
+_ID_CALL_PROG = re.compile(r"\bid\s*\(")
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.3.0: untagged strings that look like lambda source keep
+# being compiled as lambdas during the deprecation window
+def _coerce_implicit_lambda(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        return value
+    if cv.looks_like_returning_lambda(value):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[api] The 'variables' value '%s' looks like a lambda but is "
+            "missing the !lambda tag. It is compiled as a lambda for now but "
+            "will be sent as literal text from 2027.3.0. Add !lambda to keep "
+            "it evaluated; literal text belongs under 'data:'.",
+            value,
+        )
+        # cv.templatable runs returning_lambda on the coerced Lambda
+        return cv.lambda_(value)
+    if _ID_CALL_PROG.search(value):
+        # lambda source without a return: issue 5394's mistake class
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[api] The 'variables' value '%s' is sent as literal text; wrap "
+            "it in !lambda 'return ...;' to evaluate it instead.",
+            value,
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+# Static strings or !lambda values. cv.templatable stays introspectable for
+# schema tooling; removing the shim leaves KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA.
+VARIABLES_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {cv.string: cv.All(_coerce_implicit_lambda, cv.templatable(cv.string_strict))}
+)
+
 
 def _validate_response_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Validate dependencies:
@@ -525,9 +570,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): cv.Schema(
-                {cv.string: cv.returning_lambda}
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): VARIABLES_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE): cv.templatable(cv.string),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SUCCESS): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
@@ -540,24 +583,27 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+# synchronous=False: when on_success/on_error is configured, play() stores the
+# trigger args until the HomeassistantActionResponse arrives, so non-owning args
+# (StringRef into the API receive buffer) must not be used.
 @automation.register_action(
     "homeassistant.action",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
-    synchronous=True,
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "homeassistant.service",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
-    synchronous=True,
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, False)
@@ -585,6 +631,8 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     if on_error := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
@@ -623,7 +671,7 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     return var
 
 
-def validate_homeassistant_event(value):
+def validate_homeassistant_event(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     if not value.startswith("esphome."):
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -639,18 +687,25 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Required(CONF_EVENT): validate_homeassistant_event,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): VARIABLES_SCHEMA,
     }
 )
 
 
+# synchronous=True is safe here: the event schema has no on_success/on_error,
+# so play() never stores the trigger args.
 @automation.register_action(
     "homeassistant.event",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def homeassistant_event_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
@@ -678,6 +733,8 @@ async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     return var
@@ -698,7 +755,12 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
@@ -714,7 +776,7 @@ CONF_SUCCESS = "success"
 CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE = "error_message"
 
 
-def _validate_api_respond_data(config):
+def _validate_api_respond_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Set flag during validation so AUTO_LOAD can include json component."""
     if CONF_DATA in config:
         CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})[CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE] = True
@@ -798,18 +860,32 @@ API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @automation.register_condition(
     "api.connected", APIConnectedCondition, API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def api_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def api_connected_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY], args, cg.bool_)
     cg.add(var.set_state_subscription_only(templ))
     return var
 
 
+# user_services.cpp is only needed when user defined actions exist; the
+# frame helpers are fully #ifdef'd on the protocol defines set in to_code
+# (both are set when encryption is configured without a key).
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "user_services.cpp": "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS",
+        "api_frame_helper_noise.cpp": "USE_API_NOISE",
+        "api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp": "USE_API_PLAINTEXT",
+    }
+)
+
+
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
-    """Filter out api_pb2_dump.cpp when proto message dumping is not enabled,
-    user_services.cpp when no services are defined, and protocol-specific
-    implementations based on encryption configuration."""
-    files_to_filter: list[str] = []
+    files_to_filter = _define_filter()
 
     # api_pb2_dump.cpp is only needed when HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP is defined
     # This is a particularly large file that still needs to be opened and read
@@ -820,21 +896,4 @@ def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
     if get_logger_level() != "VERY_VERBOSE":
         files_to_filter.append("api_pb2_dump.cpp")
 
-    # user_services.cpp is only needed when services are defined
-    config = CORE.config.get(DOMAIN, {})
-    if config and not config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) and not config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
-        files_to_filter.append("user_services.cpp")
-
-    # Filter protocol-specific implementations based on encryption configuration
-    encryption_config = config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) if config else None
-
-    # If encryption is not configured at all, we only need plaintext
-    if encryption_config is None:
-        files_to_filter.append("api_frame_helper_noise.cpp")
-    # If encryption is configured with a key, we only need noise
-    elif encryption_config.get(CONF_KEY):
-        files_to_filter.append("api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp")
-    # If encryption is configured but no key is provided, we need both
-    # (this allows a plaintext client to provide a noise key)
-
     return files_to_filter
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index f4f15c1042..c11700782e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc device_info (DeviceInfoRequest) returns (DeviceInfoResponse) {
     option (needs_authentication) = false;
   }
+  rpc device_capabilities (DeviceCapabilitiesRequest) returns (DeviceCapabilitiesResponse) {}
   rpc list_entities (ListEntitiesRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc subscribe_states (SubscribeStatesRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc subscribe_logs (SubscribeLogsRequest) returns (void) {}
@@ -158,6 +159,16 @@ message AuthenticationResponse {
   bool invalid_password = 1;
 }
 
+// Reason a party is requesting the connection be closed.
+enum DisconnectReason {
+  // No specific reason / not provided (default for older peers).
+  DISCONNECT_REASON_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  // The device's provisioning window has expired. The device must be reset
+  // (power-cycled) to reopen the provisioning window before it will accept a
+  // connection again.
+  DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED = 1;
+}
+
 // Request to close the connection.
 // Can be sent by both the client and server
 message DisconnectRequest {
@@ -166,6 +177,10 @@ message DisconnectRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   // Do not close the connection before the acknowledgement arrives
+
+  // Optional reason the connection is being closed. Older peers that do not
+  // send this field will report DISCONNECT_REASON_UNSPECIFIED (0).
+  DisconnectReason reason = 1;
 }
 
 message DisconnectResponse {
@@ -217,6 +232,7 @@ enum SerialProxyPortType {
 message SerialProxyInfo {
   string name = 1;                    // Human-readable port name
   SerialProxyPortType port_type = 2;  // Port type (RS232, RS485)
+  uint32 configured_line_states = 3;  // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags this instance can drive
 }
 
 // DeviceInfoResponse max_data_length values:
@@ -229,6 +245,12 @@ message SerialProxyInfo {
 //   model = 127 (core/config.BOARD_MAX_LENGTH, validated in platform schemas)
 //   project_name/project_version = 127 (core/config.PROJECT_MAX_LENGTH)
 //   suggested_area = 120 (core/config.FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN via AREA_SCHEMA)
+//
+// Some fields below are marked "Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse". They
+// have moved to that message as of API 1.15, but are still sent here so that
+// older clients keep working. Do NOT mark them (deprecated) until the removal
+// release: in this repo (deprecated) makes the generator drop the field
+// entirely, so the device would stop sending it.
 message DeviceInfoResponse {
   option (id) = 10;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
@@ -266,6 +288,8 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
 
   // Deprecated in API version 1.9
   uint32 legacy_bluetooth_proxy_version = 11 [deprecated=true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
+
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.bluetooth_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = 15 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
 
   string manufacturer = 12 [(max_data_length) = 20, (force) = true];
@@ -274,11 +298,14 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
 
   // Deprecated in API version 1.10
   uint32 legacy_voice_assistant_version = 14 [deprecated=true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT"];
+
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.voice_assistant as of API 1.15.
   uint32 voice_assistant_feature_flags = 17 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT"];
 
   string suggested_area = 16 [(max_data_length) = 120, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS"];
 
   // The Bluetooth mac address of the device. For example "AC:BC:32:89:0E:AA"
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.bluetooth_proxy.mac_address as of API 1.15.
   string bluetooth_mac_address = 18 [(max_data_length) = 17, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
 
   // Supports receiving and saving api encryption key
@@ -291,11 +318,76 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   AreaInfo area = 22 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS"];
 
   // Indicates if Z-Wave proxy support is available and features supported
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.zwave_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 zwave_proxy_feature_flags = 23 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.zwave_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 zwave_home_id = 24 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
 
   // Serial proxy instance metadata
+  // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.serial_proxies as of API 1.15.
   repeated SerialProxyInfo serial_proxies = 25 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY", (fixed_array_size_define) = "SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT"];
+
+  // Device is unprovisioned and accepts Noise handshakes with the well-known
+  // all-zeros PSK, so the api encryption key can be provisioned without being
+  // sent in plaintext (protects against passive sniffing, not active MITM)
+  bool api_encryption_provisionable = 26 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_NOISE"];
+}
+
+// ==================== DEVICE CAPABILITIES ====================
+
+// Asks the device which optional features it supports.
+//
+// This message exists so that DeviceInfoResponse does not have to keep growing
+// a flat list of feature flags. DeviceInfoResponse is served before
+// authentication, so it is limited to identity information. Capabilities are
+// only served on an authenticated connection (encrypted as well, when
+// encryption is configured).
+//
+// Clients that see api_version >= 1.15 should read these values from
+// DeviceCapabilitiesResponse and ignore the matching DeviceInfoResponse fields.
+// Older clients keep reading DeviceInfoResponse, which still carries the same
+// values, so this is not a breaking change.
+message DeviceCapabilitiesRequest {
+  option (id) = 149;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  // Empty
+}
+
+// Each feature gets its own sub-message so that it can gain fields over time
+// without crowding the top-level field numbering.
+//
+// Note: a sub-message whose fields are all at their default value is not sent
+// at all, so the presence of a sub-message is not a reliable test for "this
+// feature is compiled in". Clients should test a value inside it, for example
+// a non-zero feature_flags, exactly as they do today with DeviceInfoResponse.
+
+message BluetoothProxyCapabilities {
+  // Bitmask of the features this proxy supports
+  uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+  // The Bluetooth mac address of the device. For example "AC:BC:32:89:0E:AA"
+  string mac_address = 2 [(max_data_length) = 17, (force) = true];
+}
+
+message VoiceAssistantCapabilities {
+  // Bitmask of the features this voice assistant supports
+  uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+}
+
+message ZWaveProxyCapabilities {
+  // Bitmask of the features this proxy supports
+  uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+  uint32 home_id = 2;
+}
+
+message DeviceCapabilitiesResponse {
+  option (id) = 150;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+
+  BluetoothProxyCapabilities bluetooth_proxy = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
+  VoiceAssistantCapabilities voice_assistant = 2 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT"];
+  ZWaveProxyCapabilities zwave_proxy = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
+  repeated SerialProxyInfo serial_proxies = 4
+      [(field_ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY", (fixed_array_size_define) = "SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT"];
 }
 
 message ListEntitiesRequest {
@@ -911,8 +1003,12 @@ message GetTimeResponse {
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   fixed32 epoch_seconds = 1;
-  string timezone = 2;
-  ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone = 3;
+  // Deprecated in 2026.9.0: clients still send this string for older firmware,
+  // but new firmware only reads parsed_timezone. Clients older than Home
+  // Assistant 2026.3.0 that send only the string leave the device on its
+  // codegen-configured timezone (or UTC).
+  string timezone = 2 [deprecated = true];
+  ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone = 3 [(track_presence) = true];
 }
 
 // ==================== USER-DEFINES SERVICES ====================
@@ -1558,7 +1654,8 @@ message ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse {
   bool disabled_by_default = 6;
   EntityCategory entity_category = 7;
 
-  bool supports_pause = 8;
+  // Deprecated in ESPHome 2026.9.0; use feature_flags instead.
+  bool supports_pause = 8 [deprecated = true];
 
   repeated MediaPlayerSupportedFormat supported_formats = 9;
 
@@ -1669,7 +1766,7 @@ enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType {
 message BluetoothDeviceRequest {
   option (id) = 68;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   BluetoothDeviceRequestType request_type = 2;
@@ -1680,7 +1777,7 @@ message BluetoothDeviceRequest {
 message BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse {
   option (id) = 69;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool connected = 2;
@@ -1691,7 +1788,7 @@ message BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest {
   option (id) = 70;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
 }
@@ -1735,7 +1832,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTService {
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 71;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   repeated BluetoothGATTService services = 2;
@@ -1744,7 +1841,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse {
   option (id) = 72;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
 }
@@ -1752,7 +1849,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTReadRequest {
   option (id) = 73;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1761,7 +1858,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTReadRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTReadResponse {
   option (id) = 74;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1773,7 +1870,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTReadResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTWriteRequest {
   option (id) = 75;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1785,7 +1882,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest {
   option (id) = 76;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1794,7 +1891,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest {
   option (id) = 77;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1805,7 +1902,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest {
   option (id) = 78;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1815,7 +1912,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest {
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse {
   option (id) = 79;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1826,13 +1923,13 @@ message BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse {
 message SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest {
   option (id) = 80;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 }
 
 message BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse {
   option (id) = 81;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint32 free = 1;
   uint32 limit = 2;
@@ -1845,7 +1942,7 @@ message BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTErrorResponse {
   option (id) = 82;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1855,7 +1952,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTErrorResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTWriteResponse {
   option (id) = 83;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1864,7 +1961,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteResponse {
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse {
   option (id) = 84;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
@@ -1873,7 +1970,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse {
 message BluetoothDevicePairingResponse {
   option (id) = 85;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool paired = 2;
@@ -1883,7 +1980,7 @@ message BluetoothDevicePairingResponse {
 message BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse {
   option (id) = 86;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool success = 2;
@@ -1899,7 +1996,7 @@ message UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest {
 message BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse {
   option (id) = 88;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   bool success = 2;
@@ -2531,6 +2628,22 @@ message ZWaveProxyRequest {
   bytes data = 2;
 }
 
+enum ZWaveProxyStatus {
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0;             // Request completed successfully
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE = 1;         // Denied: another client is already subscribed
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2;  // Request type not supported
+}
+
+// Acknowledges a ZWaveProxyRequest (subscribe/unsubscribe). Sent since API 1.16.
+message ZWaveProxyRequestResponse {
+  option (id) = 151;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
+
+  ZWaveProxyRequestType type = 1;  // Which request type this responds to
+  ZWaveProxyStatus status = 2;     // Result status
+}
+
 // ==================== INFRARED ====================
 // Note: Feature and capability flag enums are defined in
 // esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
@@ -2674,12 +2787,18 @@ message SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse {
 
   uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
   uint32 line_states = 2;       // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags
+  SerialProxyStatus status = 3; // INVALID_ARGUMENT if the instance index is out of range (since API 1.16)
 }
 
 enum SerialProxyRequestType {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0;   // Subscribe to receive data from this serial proxy instance
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1; // Unsubscribe from this serial proxy instance
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2;       // Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
+  // Values below are only valid in SerialProxyRequestResponse.type, identifying which
+  // operation is being acknowledged. Sending them in SerialProxyRequest.type is an
+  // error the device answers with INVALID_ARGUMENT.
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE = 3;      // Acknowledges a SerialProxyConfigureRequest
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS = 4; // Acknowledges a SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest
 }
 
 enum SerialProxyStatus {
@@ -2688,6 +2807,8 @@ enum SerialProxyStatus {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2;           // Driver or hardware error
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3;         // Timed out before TX completed
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;   // Request type not supported by this instance
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE = 5;     // Denied: another client holds the port
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 6; // Invalid instance index or parameter value
 }
 
 // Generic request message for simple serial proxy operations
@@ -2700,7 +2821,9 @@ message SerialProxyRequest {
   SerialProxyRequestType type = 2;      // Request type
 }
 
-// Response to a SerialProxyRequest (e.g. flush completion or failure)
+// Acknowledges a serial proxy operation; the type field identifies which
+// operation is being acknowledged. Flush has been acknowledged since the
+// message was introduced; all other acknowledgements are sent since API 1.16.
 message SerialProxyRequestResponse {
   option (id) = 147;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
@@ -2716,7 +2839,7 @@ message SerialProxyRequestResponse {
 message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest {
   option (id) = 145;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 min_interval = 2;  // units of 1.25ms
@@ -2728,7 +2851,7 @@ message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest {
 message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse {
   option (id) = 146;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   int32 error = 2;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index acdf24e747..7b0cb7069e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
 #include "esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h"
@@ -85,6 +89,13 @@ static_assert(ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN <= 31, "Update max_data_length for nam
 static_assert(ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN <= 120, "Update max_data_length for friendly_name in api.proto");
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.connection";
+
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN
+void log_dropped_message(const char *tag, int line, const LogString *what) {
+  esp_log_printf_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, tag, line, ESPHOME_LOG_FORMAT("%s dropped, TCP buffer full"),
+                  LOG_STR_ARG(what));
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
 #endif
@@ -149,11 +160,6 @@ APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *pa
 #else
 #error "No frame helper defined"
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_CAMERA
-  if (camera::Camera::instance() != nullptr) {
-    this->image_reader_ = std::unique_ptr<camera::CameraImageReader>{camera::Camera::instance()->create_image_reader()};
-  }
-#endif
 }
 
 void APIConnection::start() {
@@ -195,6 +201,29 @@ APIConnection::~APIConnection() {
 #endif
 }
 
+#if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
+void APIConnection::upgrade_helper_to_noise_() {
+  // The client opened with a Noise hello while this device has no encryption
+  // key set. Replace the plaintext helper with a Noise helper so the key can
+  // be provisioned over an encrypted channel: the noise context PSK is all
+  // zeros when unprovisioned, and NNpsk0 still runs a fresh ephemeral X25519
+  // exchange, so a passive listener cannot read the session. A publicly known
+  // PSK authenticates nobody; this protects against sniffing only.
+  auto *plaintext = static_cast<APIPlaintextFrameHelper *>(this->helper_.get());
+  uint8_t header[3];
+  uint8_t header_len = plaintext->get_consumed_header(header);
+  auto *noise = new APINoiseFrameHelper(plaintext->release_socket_for_switch(), this->parent_->get_noise_ctx());
+  // Carry over the peername-based client name (Hello has not arrived yet)
+  const char *name = plaintext->get_client_name();
+  noise->set_client_name(name, strlen(name));
+  this->helper_.reset(noise);  // destroys the plaintext helper
+  APIError err = noise->init_from_handoff(header, header_len);
+  if (err != APIError::OK) {
+    this->fatal_error_with_log_(LOG_STR("Noise handoff failed"), err);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_API_NOISE && USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+
 void APIConnection::destroy_active_iterator_() {
   switch (this->active_iterator_) {
     case ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES:
@@ -253,6 +282,15 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
         // No more data available
         break;
       } else if (err != APIError::OK) {
+#if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
+        // Checked inside the error branch to keep the hot err == OK path
+        // free of it; this can only fire on the first bytes of a plaintext
+        // helper on an unprovisioned device
+        if (err == APIError::PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE) {
+          this->upgrade_helper_to_noise_();
+          return;
+        }
+#endif
         this->fatal_error_with_log_(LOG_STR("Reading failed"), err);
         return;
       } else {
@@ -374,15 +412,15 @@ void APIConnection::finalize_iterator_sync_() {
 }
 
 void APIConnection::process_iterator_batch_(ComponentIterator &iterator) {
-  size_t initial_size = this->deferred_batch_.size();
-  size_t max_batch = MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH;
-  while (!iterator.completed() && (this->deferred_batch_.size() - initial_size) < max_batch) {
-    iterator.advance();
-  }
+  // Budget by remaining batch capacity so a pass cannot overfill the batch;
+  // stops early on a refused send and resumes next loop pass
+  size_t batch_size = this->deferred_batch_.size();
+  if (batch_size < MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE)
+    iterator.try_advance(MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE - batch_size);
 
-  // If the batch is full, process it immediately
-  // Note: iterator.advance() already calls schedule_batch_() via schedule_message_()
-  if (this->deferred_batch_.size() >= max_batch) {
+  // Flush immediately once enough is queued (not guaranteed every pass);
+  // partial batches go out via the batch timer or finalize_iterator_sync_()
+  if (this->deferred_batch_.size() >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE) {
     this->process_batch_();
   }
 }
@@ -759,6 +797,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   msg.supports_action = traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
   // Current feature flags and other supported parameters
   msg.feature_flags = traits.get_feature_flags();
+  msg.temperature_unit = static_cast<enums::TemperatureUnit>(traits.get_temperature_unit());
   msg.supported_modes = &traits.get_supported_modes();
   msg.visual_min_temperature = traits.get_visual_min_temperature();
   msg.visual_max_temperature = traits.get_visual_max_temperature();
@@ -1060,7 +1099,6 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   auto *media_player = static_cast<media_player::MediaPlayer *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse msg;
   auto traits = media_player->get_traits();
-  msg.supports_pause = traits.get_supports_pause();
   msg.feature_flags = traits.get_feature_flags();
   for (auto &supported_format : traits.get_supported_formats()) {
     msg.supported_formats.emplace_back();
@@ -1096,6 +1134,7 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
   if (!this->image_reader_)
     return;
 
+  const auto *cam = camera::Camera::instance();
   // Send as many chunks as possible without blocking
   while (this->image_reader_->available()) {
     if (!this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
@@ -1105,11 +1144,11 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
     bool done = this->image_reader_->available() == to_send;
 
     CameraImageResponse msg;
-    msg.key = camera::Camera::instance()->get_object_id_hash();
+    msg.key = cam->get_object_id_hash();
     msg.set_data(this->image_reader_->peek_data_buffer(), to_send);
     msg.done = done;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-    msg.device_id = camera::Camera::instance()->get_device_id();
+    msg.device_id = cam->get_device_id();
 #endif
 
     if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
@@ -1125,15 +1164,19 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
 void APIConnection::set_camera_state(std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image) {
   if (!this->flags_.state_subscription)
     return;
-  if (!this->image_reader_)
+  if (this->image_reader_ && this->image_reader_->available())
     return;
-  if (this->image_reader_->available())
+  if (!image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::API_REQUESTER) && !image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::IDLE))
     return;
-  if (image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::API_REQUESTER) || image->was_requested_by(esphome::camera::IDLE)) {
-    this->image_reader_->set_image(std::move(image));
-    // Try to send immediately to reduce latency
-    this->try_send_camera_image_();
+  if (!this->image_reader_) {
+    // Created on the first image this connection will send, so connections
+    // that never receive one never pay for a reader. Only a registered
+    // camera's listener can reach this, so instance() is non-null here.
+    this->image_reader_ = std::unique_ptr<camera::CameraImageReader>{camera::Camera::instance()->create_image_reader()};
   }
+  this->image_reader_->set_image(std::move(image));
+  // Try to send immediately to reduce latency
+  this->try_send_camera_image_();
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_camera_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *camera = static_cast<camera::Camera *>(entity);
@@ -1160,31 +1203,28 @@ void APIConnection::on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) {
   if (homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time != nullptr) {
     homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_epoch_time(value.epoch_seconds);
 #if defined(USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIMEZONE) && defined(USE_TIME_TIMEZONE)
-    if (!value.timezone.empty()) {
-      // Check if the sender provided pre-parsed timezone data.
-      // If std_offset is non-zero or DST rules are present, the parsed data was populated.
-      // For UTC (all zeros), string parsing produces the same result, so the fallback is equivalent.
+    // Apply only if the sender provided pre-parsed timezone data (Home Assistant 2026.3.0
+    // and newer); field presence distinguishes a genuine all-zero UTC timezone from an
+    // absent field. Older clients send only the deprecated timezone string, which is no
+    // longer decoded; for them the device keeps its codegen-configured timezone.
+    if (value.has_parsed_timezone) {
       const auto &pt = value.parsed_timezone;
-      if (pt.std_offset_seconds != 0 || pt.dst_start.type != enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE) {
-        time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-        tz.std_offset_seconds = pt.std_offset_seconds;
-        tz.dst_offset_seconds = pt.dst_offset_seconds;
-        tz.dst_start.time_seconds = pt.dst_start.time_seconds;
-        tz.dst_start.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_start.day);
-        tz.dst_start.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_start.type);
-        tz.dst_start.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.month);
-        tz.dst_start.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.week);
-        tz.dst_start.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.day_of_week);
-        tz.dst_end.time_seconds = pt.dst_end.time_seconds;
-        tz.dst_end.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_end.day);
-        tz.dst_end.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_end.type);
-        tz.dst_end.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.month);
-        tz.dst_end.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.week);
-        tz.dst_end.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.day_of_week);
-        time::set_global_tz(tz);
-      } else {
-        homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(value.timezone.c_str(), value.timezone.size());
-      }
+      time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+      tz.std_offset_seconds = pt.std_offset_seconds;
+      tz.dst_offset_seconds = pt.dst_offset_seconds;
+      tz.dst_start.time_seconds = pt.dst_start.time_seconds;
+      tz.dst_start.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_start.day);
+      tz.dst_start.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_start.type);
+      tz.dst_start.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.month);
+      tz.dst_start.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.week);
+      tz.dst_start.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.day_of_week);
+      tz.dst_end.time_seconds = pt.dst_end.time_seconds;
+      tz.dst_end.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_end.day);
+      tz.dst_end.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_end.type);
+      tz.dst_end.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.month);
+      tz.dst_end.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.week);
+      tz.dst_end.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.day_of_week);
+      time::set_global_tz(tz);
     }
 #endif
   }
@@ -1199,6 +1239,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
 void APIConnection::on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request() {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->unsubscribe_api_connection(this);
 }
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_device_request(msg);
 }
@@ -1232,13 +1273,15 @@ void APIConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request() {
   }
 }
 
+void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_set_connection_params(msg);
+}
+#endif
+
 void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(
       msg.mode == enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE);
 }
-void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
-  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_set_connection_params(msg);
-}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -1293,7 +1336,8 @@ void APIConnection::on_voice_assistant_announce_request(const VoiceAssistantAnno
   }
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response_(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &msg) {
+bool APIConnection::send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response_(
+    const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest & /*msg*/) {
   VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse resp;
   if (!this->check_voice_assistant_api_connection_()) {
     // send_message encodes synchronously, so this stack local outlives the encode
@@ -1313,22 +1357,6 @@ bool APIConnection::send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response_(const Voice
     }
   }
 
-  // Filter external wake words
-  for (auto &wake_word : msg.external_wake_words) {
-    if (wake_word.model_type != "micro") {
-      // microWakeWord only
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    resp.available_wake_words.emplace_back();
-    auto &resp_wake_word = resp.available_wake_words.back();
-    resp_wake_word.id = StringRef(wake_word.id);
-    resp_wake_word.wake_word = StringRef(wake_word.wake_word);
-    for (const auto &lang : wake_word.trained_languages) {
-      resp_wake_word.trained_languages.push_back(lang);
-    }
-  }
-
   resp.active_wake_words = &config.active_wake_words;
   resp.max_active_wake_words = config.max_active_wake_words;
   return this->send_message(resp);
@@ -1348,11 +1376,16 @@ void APIConnection::on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSet
 
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
 void APIConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) {
-  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->send_frame(msg.data, msg.data_len);
+  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->send_frame(this, msg.data, msg.data_len);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
-  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+  ZWaveProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+  resp.type = msg.type;
+  resp.status = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Z-Wave proxy response");
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1433,6 +1466,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_water_heater_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   msg.target_temperature_step = traits.get_target_temperature_step();
   msg.supported_modes = &traits.get_supported_modes();
   msg.supported_features = traits.get_feature_flags();
+  msg.temperature_unit = static_cast<enums::TemperatureUnit>(traits.get_temperature_unit());
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(wh, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
@@ -1510,19 +1544,60 @@ void APIConnection::on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRF
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
-void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
+void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
+    // V: fires per decoded frame with no subscription gate, so a warning
+    // would flood the congested link it reports on.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "IR/RF event dropped, TCP buffer full");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+static enums::SerialProxyStatus serial_proxy_result_to_status(serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result) {
+  switch (result) {
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
+  }
+  return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;  // Unreachable; all enum values handled above
+}
+
+static void send_serial_proxy_ack(APIConnection *conn, uint32_t instance, enums::SerialProxyRequestType type,
+                                  enums::SerialProxyStatus status) {
+  SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+  resp.instance = instance;
+  resp.type = type;
+  resp.status = status;
+  if (!conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
+  }
+}
+
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range (max %" PRIu32 ")", msg.instance,
              static_cast<uint32_t>(proxies.size()));
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE,
+                          enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->configure(msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity), msg.stop_bits,
-                                   msg.data_size);
+  serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result = proxies[msg.instance]->configure(
+      this, msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity), msg.stop_bits, msg.data_size);
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE,
+                        serial_proxy_result_to_status(result));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg) {
@@ -1531,69 +1606,78 @@ void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->write_from_client(msg.data, msg.data_len);
+  proxies[msg.instance]->write_from_client(this, msg.data, msg.data_len);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS,
+                          enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(msg.line_states);
+  serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result = proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(this, msg.line_states);
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS,
+                        serial_proxy_result_to_status(result));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
-  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
-    return;
-  }
   SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse resp{};
   resp.instance = msg.instance;
-  resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
-  this->send_message(resp);
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    // Pre-1.16 clients do not read the status field and would take this error
+    // for a successful "both pins deasserted" answer; let them time out as before
+    if (!this->client_supports_api_version(1, 16)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  } else {
+    resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
+  }
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
+  }
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, msg.type, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
+  auto *proxy = proxies[msg.instance];
+  enums::SerialProxyStatus status;
   switch (msg.type) {
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
-      proxies[msg.instance]->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+      status = serial_proxy_result_to_status(proxy->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type));
       break;
-    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH: {
-      SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
-      resp.instance = msg.instance;
-      resp.type = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH;
-      switch (proxies[msg.instance]->flush_port()) {
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
-          break;
-      }
-      this->send_message(resp);
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
+      status = serial_proxy_result_to_status(proxy->flush_port(this));
+      break;
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE:
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS:
+      // Response-only discriminators; never valid in a request
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response-only serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       break;
-    }
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
       break;
   }
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, msg.type, status);
 }
 
-void APIConnection::send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
+void APIConnection::send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Serial proxy data dropped, TCP buffer full");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
@@ -1705,25 +1789,36 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
 bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   // Copy client name with truncation if needed (set_client_name handles truncation)
   this->helper_->set_client_name(msg.client_info.c_str(), msg.client_info.size());
-  this->client_api_version_major_ = msg.api_version_major;
-  this->client_api_version_minor_ = msg.api_version_minor;
+  this->client_api_version_major_ =
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(msg.api_version_major, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
+  this->client_api_version_minor_ =
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(msg.api_version_minor, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
   char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16, this->helper_->get_client_name(),
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %u.%u", this->helper_->get_client_name(),
            this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
 
-  // TODO: Remove before 2026.8.0 (one version after get_object_id backward compat removal)
-  if (!this->client_supports_api_version(1, 14)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' using outdated API %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16 ", update to 1.14+", this->helper_->get_client_name(),
-             this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
-  }
-
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
-  resp.api_version_minor = 14;
+  resp.api_version_minor = 16;
   // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
   resp.server_info = ESPHOME_VERSION_REF;
   resp.name = StringRef(App.get_name());
 
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr && provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->closed()) {
+    // The provisioning window has closed without the device being provisioned.
+    // Acknowledge the hello so the client can read the server name, then request
+    // disconnect with the reason. Authentication is intentionally not completed.
+    this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("Provisioning closed; rejecting connection"));
+    if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Hello response");
+    }
+    DisconnectRequest req;
+    req.reason = enums::DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED;
+    return this->send_message(req);
+  }
+#endif
+
   // Auto-authenticate - password auth was removed in ESPHome 2026.1.0
   this->complete_authentication_();
 
@@ -1742,9 +1837,8 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   resp.suggested_area = StringRef(App.get_area());
 #endif
-  // Stack buffer for MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char mac_address[18];
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  char mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, mac_address);
   resp.mac_address = StringRef(mac_address);
@@ -1759,7 +1853,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
   // Manufacturer string - define once, handle ESP8266 PROGMEM separately
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
 #define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Espressif"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
 #define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Raspberry Pi"
 #elif defined(USE_BK72XX)
 #define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Beken"
@@ -1820,8 +1914,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   resp.bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
-  // Stack buffer for Bluetooth MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char bluetooth_mac[18];
+  char bluetooth_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
   resp.bluetooth_mac_address = StringRef(bluetooth_mac);
 #endif
@@ -1840,10 +1933,17 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
     auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
     info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
     info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+    info.configured_line_states = proxy->get_configured_modem_pins();
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   resp.api_encryption_supported = true;
+#ifndef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
+  // No key from YAML: while no key is set, the key can be provisioned over a
+  // zero-PSK Noise connection. Gated on the YAML define (not the plaintext
+  // one) so this advertisement survives the plaintext removal in 2027.2.0.
+  resp.api_encryption_provisionable = !this->parent_->get_noise_ctx().has_psk();
+#endif
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size_t device_index = 0;
@@ -1869,12 +1969,43 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 
   return this->send_message(resp);
 }
+bool APIConnection::send_device_capabilities_response_() {
+  // These are the same values DeviceInfoResponse still reports for older clients. Keep the blocks
+  // below in sync with send_device_info_response_() until those copies are removed.
+  DeviceCapabilitiesResponse resp;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  resp.bluetooth_proxy.feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
+  char bluetooth_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
+  resp.bluetooth_proxy.mac_address = StringRef(bluetooth_mac);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  resp.voice_assistant.feature_flags = voice_assistant::global_voice_assistant->get_feature_flags();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  resp.zwave_proxy.feature_flags = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_feature_flags();
+  resp.zwave_proxy.home_id = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_home_id();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  size_t serial_proxy_index = 0;
+  for (auto const &proxy : App.get_serial_proxies()) {
+    if (serial_proxy_index >= SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT)
+      break;
+    auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
+    info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
+    info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+    info.configured_line_states = proxy->get_configured_modem_pins();
+  }
+#endif
+  return this->send_message(resp);
+}
 void APIConnection::on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_hello_response_(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIConnection::on_disconnect_request() {
+void APIConnection::on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest & /*msg*/) {
+  // The reason is informational when a client disconnects us; we always ack and close.
   if (!this->send_disconnect_response_()) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
@@ -1889,6 +2020,11 @@ void APIConnection::on_device_info_request() {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
+void APIConnection::on_device_capabilities_request() {
+  if (!this->send_device_capabilities_response_()) {
+    this->on_fatal_error();
+  }
+}
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &msg) {
@@ -1967,7 +2103,9 @@ void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success
   resp.call_id = call_id;
   resp.success = success;
   resp.error_message = error_message;
-  this->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Action response");
+  }
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
@@ -1978,12 +2116,34 @@ void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success
   resp.error_message = error_message;
   resp.response_data = response_data;
   resp.response_data_len = response_data_len;
-  this->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Action response");
+  }
 }
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
+bool APIConnection::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
+  if (!this->flags_.service_call_subscription)
+    return false;
+  if (!this->send_message(call)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Action request");
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+#endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
+
+#ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
+void APIConnection::send_time_request() {
+  GetTimeRequest req;
+  if (!this->send_message(req)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Time request");
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
+
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 void APIConnection::on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
@@ -2002,7 +2162,16 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptio
   NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse resp;
   resp.success = false;
 
-  psk_t psk{};
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // Refuse to set a key once the provisioning window has closed (defense in depth;
+  // such connections are already rejected at hello).
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr && provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->closed()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Provisioning closed; rejecting key set");
+    return this->send_message(resp);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  noise::psk_t psk{};
   if (msg.key_len == 0) {
     if (this->parent_->clear_noise_psk(true)) {
       resp.success = true;
@@ -2011,10 +2180,21 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptio
     }
   } else if (base64_decode(msg.key, msg.key_len, psk.data(), psk.size()) != psk.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid encryption key length");
+  } else if (noise::NoiseContext::is_all_zeros(psk)) {
+    // Accepting the reserved provisioning PSK would report success without
+    // enabling encryption (or silently clear an existing key)
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Rejecting all-zero encryption key");
   } else if (!this->parent_->save_noise_psk(psk, true)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to save encryption key");
   } else {
     resp.success = true;
+#ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+    if (this->helper_->frame_footer_size() == 0) {
+      // Plaintext transport has no frame footer; Noise always has the MAC footer.
+      // Remove after 2027.2.0 together with plaintext support on keyless devices.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key received over plaintext; deprecated, will be removed in 2027.2.0");
+    }
+#endif
   }
 
   return this->send_message(resp);
@@ -2038,11 +2218,14 @@ bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(bool log_out_of_space) {
   if (this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
     return true;
   if (log_out_of_space) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot send message because of TCP buffer space");
+    // VV: refusals are either reported by the sending call site (naming what
+    // was lost) or retried without loss (the deferred batch), so this generic
+    // line only duplicates them.
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Cannot send message because of TCP buffer space");
   }
   return false;
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
+bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
                                   const void *msg) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   // Skip dump for log messages (recursive logging risk) and camera frames (high-frequency noise)
@@ -2071,7 +2254,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_to_buffer_slow(uint32_t calculated_size, MessageE
                                               APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   return encode_to_buffer(calculated_size, encode_fn, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
+bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint16_t message_type) {
   const bool is_log_message = (message_type == SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 
   if (!this->try_to_clear_buffer(!is_log_message)) {
@@ -2101,12 +2284,12 @@ void APIConnection::on_fatal_error() {
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+bool APIConnection::schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
   this->deferred_batch_.add_item_front(entity, message_type, estimated_size);
   return this->schedule_batch_();
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+bool APIConnection::send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                                         uint8_t aux_data_index) {
   if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
     auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 92f7065730..5a554f4857 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include <functional>
@@ -40,13 +41,23 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 // Forward-declared to break the api_server.h cycle; full-type inlines are in api_connection_buffer.h.
 class APIServer;
 
+// One shared flash string for every refused-frame warning: send_message()
+// fails as soon as the TCP buffer is full, and each caller only pays for its
+// short name. The guard drops the helper and its arguments below WARN.
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN
+void log_dropped_message(const char *tag, int line, const LogString *what);
+#define API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(tag, what) esphome::api::log_dropped_message(tag, __LINE__, LOG_STR(what))
+#else
+#define API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(tag, what)
+#endif
+
 // Keepalive timeout in milliseconds
 static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
-// Maximum number of entities to process in a single batch during initial state/info sending
-static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH = 34;
+// Deferred batch size cap during initial state/info sync
+static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE = 34;
 // Verify MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH (defined in api_frame_helper.h) can hold the initial batch
-static_assert(MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH,
-              "MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH must be >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH");
+static_assert(MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE,
+              "MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH must be >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE");
 
 #ifdef USE_BENCHMARK
 class APIConnection;
@@ -166,11 +177,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
   bool try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char *line, size_t message_len);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  void send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
-    if (!this->flags_.service_call_subscription)
-      return;
-    this->send_message(call);
-  }
+  // Returns whether this client has subscribed to Home Assistant actions; the message
+  // is only handed to the send path when subscribed. A true return does not guarantee
+  // delivery - it lets the caller warn when no connected client has the subscription.
+  bool send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg);
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -179,6 +189,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg);
   void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request();
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg);
@@ -187,15 +198,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg);
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request();
-  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg);
   void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg);
+#endif
+  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg);
 
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
-  void send_time_request() {
-    GetTimeRequest req;
-    this->send_message(req);
-  }
+  void send_time_request();
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -259,9 +268,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value);
 #endif
   void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg);
-  void on_disconnect_request();
+  void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg);
   void on_ping_request();
   void on_device_info_request();
+  void on_device_capabilities_request();
   void on_list_entities_request() { this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES); }
   void on_subscribe_states_request() {
     this->flags_.state_subscription = true;
@@ -279,8 +289,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     esp32::crash_handler_log();
     esp32::crash_handler_clear();
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-    rp2040::crash_handler_log();
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+    rp2::crash_handler_log();
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
     esp8266::crash_handler_log();
@@ -316,8 +326,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   bool is_marked_for_removal() const { return this->flags_.remove; }
   uint8_t get_log_subscription_level() const { return this->flags_.log_subscription; }
 
-  // Get client API version for feature detection
-  bool client_supports_api_version(uint16_t major, uint16_t minor) const {
+  // Get client API version for feature detection.
+  // Stored versions saturate at 255 (see send_hello_response_), so requesting
+  // a minimum above that can never match.
+  bool client_supports_api_version(uint8_t major, uint8_t minor) const {
     return this->client_api_version_major_ > major ||
            (this->client_api_version_major_ == major && this->client_api_version_minor_ >= minor);
   }
@@ -330,7 +342,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // Function pointer type for type-erased size calculation
   using CalculateSizeFn = uint32_t (*)(const void *);
 
-  template<typename T> bool send_message(const T &msg) {
+  /// Returns false as soon as the TCP buffer is full. Marked nodiscard so we
+  /// have no silent failures: every caller must handle (or log) a refusal.
+  template<typename T> [[nodiscard]] bool send_message(const T &msg) {
     if constexpr (T::ESTIMATED_SIZE == 0) {
       return this->send_message_(0, T::MESSAGE_TYPE, &encode_msg_noop, &msg);
     } else {
@@ -362,7 +376,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       return true;
     return this->try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(log_out_of_space);
   }
-  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type);
+  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint16_t message_type);
 
   const char *get_name() const { return this->helper_->get_client_name(); }
   /// Get peer name (IP address) into caller-provided buffer, returns buf for convenience
@@ -381,10 +395,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   bool send_disconnect_response_();
   bool send_ping_response_();
   bool send_device_info_response_();
+  bool send_device_capabilities_response_();
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg);
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   bool send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response_();
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -410,7 +425,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   }
 
   // Non-template buffer management for send_message
-  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
+  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
 
   // Core batch encoding logic. ALWAYS_INLINE so encode_fn devirtualizes at hot call sites.
   // Defined in api_connection_buffer.h (needs APIServer complete).
@@ -626,6 +641,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void destroy_active_iterator_();
   void begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator type);
   void finalize_iterator_sync_();
+#if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
+  // Swap the plaintext helper for a Noise helper after the client opened
+  // with a Noise hello on an unprovisioned device (zero-PSK provisioning).
+  void upgrade_helper_to_noise_();
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   std::unique_ptr<camera::CameraImageReader> image_reader_;
 #endif
@@ -646,10 +666,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
     struct BatchItem {
       EntityBase *entity;                       // 4 bytes - Entity pointer
-      uint8_t message_type;                     // 1 byte - Message type for protocol and dispatch
+      uint16_t message_type;                    // 2 bytes - Message type for protocol and dispatch
       uint8_t estimated_size;                   // 1 byte - Estimated message size (max 255 bytes)
       uint8_t aux_data_index{AUX_DATA_UNUSED};  // 1 byte - For events: index into entity's event_types
-      // 1 byte padding
     };
 
     std::vector<BatchItem> items;
@@ -659,7 +678,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     // connections that do, buffers are released after initial sync anyway
 
     // Add item to the batch (with deduplication)
-    void add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+    void add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                   uint8_t aux_data_index = AUX_DATA_UNUSED) {
       // Dedup: O(n) scan but optimized for RAM over performance
       // Skip deduplication for events - they are edge-triggered, every occurrence matters
@@ -675,7 +694,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       this->items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index});
     }
     // Add item to the front of the batch (for high priority messages like ping)
-    void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+    void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
       // Swap to front avoids expensive vector::insert which shifts all elements
       this->items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, AUX_DATA_UNUSED});
       if (this->items.size() > 1) {
@@ -740,13 +759,15 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
   } flags_{};  // 2 bytes total
 
-  // 2-byte types immediately after flags_ (no padding between them)
-  uint16_t client_api_version_major_{0};
-  uint16_t client_api_version_minor_{0};
+  // 2-byte type immediately after flags_ (no padding between them)
+  uint16_t batch_message_type_{0};  // Current message type during batch encoding
   // 1-byte types to fill remaining space before next 4-byte boundary
+  // Client API versions are clamped to 255 on receive (see send_hello_response_)
+  uint8_t client_api_version_major_{0};
+  uint8_t client_api_version_minor_{0};
   ActiveIterator active_iterator_{ActiveIterator::NONE};
-  uint8_t batch_message_type_{0};  // Current message type during batch encoding
-  // Total: 2 (flags) + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 8 bytes, aligned to 4-byte boundary
+  // Total: 2 (flags) + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 (batch_header_size_ below) = 8 bytes,
+  // aligned to 4-byte boundary
 
   // Actual header size used by encode_to_buffer for the current message.
   // Read by process_batch_multi_ to pass into MessageInfo.
@@ -795,7 +816,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // 2. It's an EventResponse (events are edge-triggered - every occurrence matters)
   // 3. OR: User has opted into immediate sending (should_try_send_immediately = true
   //    AND batch_delay = 0)
-  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint8_t message_type) const {
+  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint16_t message_type) const {
     return (
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
         message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
@@ -809,11 +830,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // Helper method to send a message either immediately or via batching
   // Tries immediate send if should_send_immediately_() returns true and buffer has space
   // Falls back to batching if immediate send fails or isn't applicable
-  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                            uint8_t aux_data_index = DeferredBatch::AUX_DATA_UNUSED);
 
   // Helper function to schedule a deferred message with known message type
-  bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+  bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                          uint8_t aux_data_index = DeferredBatch::AUX_DATA_UNUSED) {
     this->deferred_batch_.add_item(entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index);
     return this->schedule_batch_();
@@ -821,7 +842,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   // Helper function to schedule a high priority message at the front of the batch
   // Out-of-line: callers (on_shutdown, check_keepalive_) are cold paths
-  bool schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
+  bool schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
 
   // Helper function to log client messages with name and peername
   void log_client_(int level, const LogString *message);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp
index 90353b6402..38da444a18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ const LogString *api_error_to_logstr(APIError err) {
     return LOG_STR("BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE");
   }
 #endif
+  // PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE is intercepted in APIConnection::loop() before
+  // any logging can happen, so it intentionally has no entry here.
   return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
 }
 
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uin
 
   // Queue unsent data into overflow buffer
   if (!this->overflow_buf_.enqueue_iov(iov, iovcnt, total_write_len, static_cast<uint16_t>(sent))) {
-    HELPER_LOG("Overflow buffer full, dropping connection");
+    HELPER_LOG("Overflow buffer full or out of memory, dropping connection");
     this->state_ = State::FAILED;
     return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
index f98eca8076..ff8aa7834c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 32768;  // 32 KiB for ESP32 and oth
 static constexpr uint16_t RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR = 1;
 
 // Maximum number of messages to batch in a single write operation
-// Must be >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH in api_connection.h (enforced by static_assert there)
+// Must be >= MAX_INITIAL_BATCH_SIZE in api_connection.h (enforced by static_assert there)
 static constexpr size_t MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH = 34;
 
 // Max client name length (e.g., "Home Assistant 2026.1.0.dev0" = 28 chars)
@@ -49,16 +49,16 @@ struct ReadPacketBuffer {
 };
 
 // Packed message info structure to minimize memory usage
-// Note: message_type is uint8_t — all current protobuf message types fit in 8 bits.
-// The noise wire format encodes types as 16-bit, but the high byte is always 0.
-// If message types ever exceed 255, this and encrypt_noise_message_ must be updated.
+// message_type matches the wire formats: noise carries a fixed 16-bit type
+// field, plaintext a type varint. The proto codegen caps message IDs at 16383
+// so the plaintext type varint fits the 2 bytes budgeted in HEADER_PADDING.
 struct MessageInfo {
   uint16_t offset;        // Offset in buffer where message starts
   uint16_t payload_size;  // Size of the message payload
-  uint8_t message_type;   // Message type (0-255)
+  uint16_t message_type;  // Message type (0-16383)
   uint8_t header_size;    // Actual header size used (avoids recomputation in write path)
 
-  MessageInfo(uint8_t type, uint16_t off, uint16_t size, uint8_t hdr)
+  MessageInfo(uint16_t type, uint16_t off, uint16_t size, uint8_t hdr)
       : offset(off), payload_size(size), message_type(type), header_size(hdr) {}
 };
 
@@ -88,6 +88,11 @@ enum class APIError : uint16_t {
   HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED = 1020,
   BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE = 1021,
 #endif
+#if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
+  // Not an error: an unprovisioned device received a Noise client hello on a
+  // plaintext connection; the caller must hand the socket off to a Noise helper.
+  PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE = 1023,
+#endif
 };
 
 const LogString *api_error_to_logstr(APIError err);
@@ -144,7 +149,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // holding data too long waiting for Nagle's timer causes buffer exhaustion
   // and dropped messages.
   //
-  // ESP32 (TCP_SND_BUF=4×MSS+) / RP2040 (8×MSS) / LibreTiny (4×MSS): 4 logs per cycle
+  // ESP32 (TCP_SND_BUF=4×MSS+) / RP2040 (4×MSS) / LibreTiny (4×MSS): 4 logs per cycle
   // ESP8266 (2×MSS): 3 logs per cycle (tightest buffers)
   //
   // Flow (ESP32/RP2040/LT): Log 1 (Nagle on) -> Log 2 -> Log 3 -> Log 4 (NODELAY, flush)
@@ -168,7 +173,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   }
   // Write a single protobuf message - the hot path (87-100% of all writes).
   // Caller must ensure state is DATA before calling.
-  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
+  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
   // Write multiple protobuf messages in a single batched operation.
   // Caller must ensure state is DATA and messages is not empty.
   // messages contains (message_type, offset, length) for each message in the buffer.
@@ -182,15 +187,15 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // Distinguishes protocols via frame_footer_size_ (noise always has a non-zero MAC
   // footer, plaintext has footer=0). If a protocol with a plaintext footer is ever
   // added, this should become a virtual method.
-  uint8_t frame_header_size(uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type) const {
+  uint8_t frame_header_size(uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type) const {
 #if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
     return this->frame_footer_size_
                ? this->frame_header_padding_
-               : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint8(message_type));
+               : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint16(message_type));
 #elif defined(USE_API_NOISE)
     return this->frame_header_padding_;
 #else  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT only
-    return static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint8(message_type));
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint16(message_type));
 #endif
   }
   // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
@@ -200,6 +205,12 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // or track that they stopped early and retry without this check.
   // See Socket::ready() for details.
   bool is_socket_ready() const { return socket_ != nullptr && socket_->ready(); }
+#if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
+  // Move the socket out of this helper so a replacement helper can take it
+  // over (plaintext to Noise handoff on unprovisioned devices). The drained
+  // helper must be destroyed right after.
+  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> release_socket_for_switch() { return std::move(this->socket_); }
+#endif
   // Release excess memory from internal buffers after initial sync
   void release_buffers() {
     // rx_buf_: Safe to clear only if no partial read in progress.
@@ -301,7 +312,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // Values 1..LOG_NAGLE_COUNT count log messages in the current Nagle batch.
   // After LOG_NAGLE_COUNT logs, we flush by re-enabling NODELAY and resetting to 0.
   // ESP8266 has the tightest TCP send buffer (2×MSS) and needs conservative batching.
-  // ESP32 (4×MSS+), RP2040 (8×MSS), and LibreTiny (4×MSS) can coalesce more.
+  // ESP32 (4×MSS+), RP2040 (4×MSS), and LibreTiny (4×MSS) can coalesce more.
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   static constexpr uint8_t LOG_NAGLE_COUNT = 2;
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 6dba64a7f8..9c4cc2aa78 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_API
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 #include "api_connection.h"  // For ClientInfo struct
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "proto.h"
@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+using noise::noise_err_to_logstr;
+
+// api_frame_helper.h keeps its own MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE because that header is
+// also compiled in plaintext-only builds without the noise component; keep
+// the two definitions from drifting apart.
+static_assert(MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE == noise::MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE,
+              "api and noise component handshake size limits must match");
+
 static const char *const TAG = "api.noise";
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 static constexpr char PROLOGUE_INIT[] PROGMEM = "NoiseAPIInit";
@@ -51,45 +59,6 @@ static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ((void) 0)
 #endif
 
-/// Convert a noise error code to a readable error
-const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err) {
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NO_MEMORY)
-    return LOG_STR("NO_MEMORY");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ID)
-    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_ID");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_NAME)
-    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_NAME");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)
-    return LOG_STR("MAC_FAILURE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NOT_APPLICABLE)
-    return LOG_STR("NOT_APPLICABLE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_SYSTEM)
-    return LOG_STR("SYSTEM");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED)
-    return LOG_STR("REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED)
-    return LOG_STR("LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_PSK_REQUIRED)
-    return LOG_STR("PSK_REQUIRED");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_LENGTH");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PARAM");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_STATE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_NONCE)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_NONCE");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_FORMAT)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_FORMAT");
-  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE)
-    return LOG_STR("INVALID_SIGNATURE");
-  return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
-}
-
 /// Initialize the frame helper, returns OK if successful.
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
   APIError err = init_common_();
@@ -109,6 +78,40 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
   state_ = State::CLIENT_HELLO;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_from_handoff(const uint8_t *header, uint8_t header_len) {
+  APIError err = this->init();
+  if (err != APIError::OK) {
+    return err;
+  }
+  // Seed the header bytes the plaintext helper consumed before detecting the
+  // Noise indicator; try_read_frame_ resumes from rx_header_buf_len_.
+  std::memcpy(this->rx_header_buf_, header, header_len);
+  this->rx_header_buf_len_ = header_len;
+  // Pump the handshake without gating on socket_->ready(): on LWIP the
+  // plaintext helper's partial read can drain rcvevent while the rest of the
+  // client hello sits in the lastdata cache, so ready() may report false even
+  // though data is available.
+  return this->pump_handshake_();
+}
+#endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+
+/// Drive the handshake state machine until DATA, WOULD_BLOCK, or a fatal
+/// error. WOULD_BLOCK is not an error: reads stop naturally on EWOULDBLOCK
+/// and resume on the next loop().
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::pump_handshake_() {
+  while (this->state_ != State::DATA) {
+    APIError err = this->state_action_();
+    if (err == APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (err != APIError::OK) {
+      return err;
+    }
+  }
+  return APIError::OK;
+}
+
 // Helper for handling handshake frame errors
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::handle_handshake_frame_error_(APIError aerr) {
   if (aerr == APIError::BAD_INDICATOR) {
@@ -131,16 +134,13 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::handle_noise_error_(int err, const LogString *func
 
 /// Run through handshake messages (if in that phase)
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
-  // Cache ready() outside the loop. On ESP8266 LWIP raw TCP, ready() returns false once
-  // the rx buffer is consumed. Re-checking each iteration would block handshake writes
-  // that must follow reads, deadlocking the handshake. state_action() will return
-  // WOULD_BLOCK when no more data is available to read.
-  bool socket_ready = this->socket_->ready();
-  while (state_ != State::DATA && socket_ready) {
-    APIError err = state_action_();
-    if (err == APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
-      break;
-    }
+  // Check ready() once, not per state transition. On ESP8266 LWIP raw TCP,
+  // ready() returns false once the rx buffer is consumed. Re-checking each
+  // iteration would block handshake writes that must follow reads,
+  // deadlocking the handshake. pump_handshake_() stops on WOULD_BLOCK when
+  // no more data is available to read.
+  if (state_ != State::DATA && this->socket_->ready()) {
+    APIError err = this->pump_handshake_();
     if (err != APIError::OK) {
       return err;
     }
@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
  */
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   // read header
-  if (rx_header_buf_len_ < 3) {
+  if (rx_header_buf_len_ < noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) {
     // no header information yet
-    uint8_t to_read = 3 - rx_header_buf_len_;
+    uint8_t to_read = static_cast<uint8_t>(noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) - rx_header_buf_len_;
     ssize_t received = this->socket_->read(&rx_header_buf_[rx_header_buf_len_], to_read);
     APIError err = handle_socket_read_result_(received);
     if (err != APIError::OK) {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
     }
 
-    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != 0x01) {
+    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != noise::FRAME_INDICATOR) {
       state_ = State::FAILED;
       HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", rx_header_buf_[0]);
       return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
@@ -317,15 +317,15 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_server_hello_() {
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_() {
-  int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(this->handshake_);
-  if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE) {
+  noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action action = this->handshake_.action();
+  if (action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_READ) {
     return this->state_action_handshake_read_();
-  } else if (action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE) {
+  } else if (action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_WRITE) {
     return this->state_action_handshake_write_();
   }
   // bad state for action
   this->state_ = State::FAILED;
-  HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", action);
+  HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", (int) action);
   return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
@@ -337,20 +337,16 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
   if (this->rx_buf_.empty()) {
     this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Empty handshake message"));
     return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
-  } else if (this->rx_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
+  } else if (this->rx_buf_[0] != noise::HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK) {
     HELPER_LOG("Bad handshake error byte: %u", this->rx_buf_[0]);
     this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad handshake error byte"));
     return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
   }
 
-  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
-  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, this->rx_buf_.data() + 1, this->rx_buf_.size() - 1);
-  int err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  int err = this->handshake_.read_message(this->rx_buf_.data() + 1, this->rx_buf_.size() - 1);
   if (err != 0) {
     // Special handling for MAC failure
-    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure")
-                                                                         : LOG_STR("Handshake error"));
+    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(noise::reject_reason_for(err));
     return this->handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_read_message"),
                                      APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED);
   }
@@ -359,18 +355,16 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_write_() {
   uint8_t buffer[65];
-  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
-  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+  size_t msg_len = 0;
 
-  int err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  int err = this->handshake_.write_message(buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1, msg_len);
   APIError aerr = this->handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_write_message"),
                                             APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
-  buffer[0] = 0x00;  // success
+  buffer[0] = noise::HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK;
 
-  aerr = this->write_frame_(buffer, mbuf.size + 1);
+  aerr = this->write_frame_(buffer, msg_len + 1);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
   return this->check_handshake_finished_();
@@ -378,33 +372,22 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_write_() {
 void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reason) {
   // Max reject message: "Bad handshake packet len" (24) + 1 (failure byte) = 25 bytes
   uint8_t data[32];
-  data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
-
-#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-  // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
-  size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
-  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, sizeof(data) - 1);
-  if (reason_len > 0) {
-    memcpy_P(data + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
-  }
-#else
-  // Normal memory access
-  const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
-  size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
-  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, sizeof(data) - 1);
-  if (reason_len > 0) {
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - binary protocol, not a C string
-    std::memcpy(data + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  size_t data_size = reason_len + 1;
+  static_assert(sizeof(data) >= noise::MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
+                "reject buffer must fit the MAC failure wire contract");
+  size_t data_size = noise::format_reject_payload(data, sizeof(data), reason);
 
   // temporarily remove failed state
   auto orig_state = state_;
   state_ = State::EXPLICIT_REJECT;
-  write_frame_(data, data_size);
-  state_ = orig_state;
+  APIError aerr = write_frame_(data, data_size);
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
+    // Best effort; the reject reason is a diagnosis aid, not a protocol step
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Sending handshake reject failed: %d", (int) aerr);
+  }
+  if (state_ == State::EXPLICIT_REJECT) {
+    // write_frame_ may have moved the state to FAILED; keep that decision
+    state_ = orig_state;
+  }
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   APIError aerr = this->check_data_state_();
@@ -459,14 +442,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
 }
 // Encrypt a single noise message in place and return the encrypted frame length.
 // Returns APIError::OK on success.
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type,
                                                      uint16_t &encrypted_len_out) {
-  // Write noise header
-  buf_start[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
-  // buf_start[1], buf_start[2] to be set after encryption
+  // The noise frame header is written after encryption, when the size is known
 
   // Write message header (to be encrypted)
-  constexpr uint8_t msg_offset = 3;
+  constexpr uint8_t msg_offset = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
   buf_start[msg_offset] = static_cast<uint8_t>(message_type >> 8);      // type high byte
   buf_start[msg_offset + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(message_type);       // type low byte
   buf_start[msg_offset + 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(payload_size >> 8);  // data_len high byte
@@ -484,15 +465,14 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
-  // Fill in the encrypted size
-  buf_start[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mbuf.size >> 8);
-  buf_start[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mbuf.size);
+  // Fill in the frame header now that the encrypted size is known
+  noise::write_frame_header(buf_start, static_cast<uint16_t>(mbuf.size));
 
-  encrypted_len_out = static_cast<uint16_t>(3 + mbuf.size);  // indicator + size + encrypted data
+  encrypted_len_out = static_cast<uint16_t>(noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + mbuf.size);
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
 #endif
@@ -537,21 +517,19 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, s
 }
 
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
-  uint8_t header[3];
-  header[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
-  header[1] = (uint8_t) (len >> 8);
-  header[2] = (uint8_t) len;
+  uint8_t header[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
+  noise::write_frame_header(header, len);
 
   if (len == 0) {
-    return this->write_raw_buf_(header, 3);
+    return this->write_raw_buf_(header, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE);
   }
   struct iovec iov[2];
   iov[0].iov_base = header;
-  iov[0].iov_len = 3;
+  iov[0].iov_len = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
   iov[1].iov_base = const_cast<uint8_t *>(data);
   iov[1].iov_len = len;
 
-  return this->write_raw_iov_(iov, 2, 3 + len);
+  return this->write_raw_iov_(iov, 2, noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + len);
 }
 
 /** Initiate the data structures for the handshake.
@@ -559,42 +537,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
  * @return 0 on success, -1 on error (check errno)
  */
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
-  int err;
-  memset(&nid_, 0, sizeof(nid_));
-  // const char *proto = "Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256";
-  // err = noise_protocol_name_to_id(&nid_, proto, strlen(proto));
-  nid_.pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN;
-  nid_.cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY;
-  nid_.dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519;
-  nid_.prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD;
-  nid_.hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE;
-  nid_.hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256;
-  nid_.modifier_ids[0] = NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0;
-
-  err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&handshake_, &nid_, NOISE_ROLE_RESPONDER);
-  APIError aerr =
-      handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_new_by_id"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
+  int err = this->handshake_.init(this->ctx_.get_psk(), prologue_.data(), prologue_.size());
+  APIError aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshake_init"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
-
-  const auto &psk = this->ctx_.get_psk();
-  err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key"),
-                             APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-    return aerr;
-
-  err = noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(handshake_, prologue_.data(), prologue_.size());
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_prologue"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-    return aerr;
-  // set_prologue copies it into handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
+  // init copies the prologue into the handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
   prologue_.release();
-
-  err = noise_handshakestate_start(handshake_);
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_start"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-    return aerr;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
@@ -603,15 +551,17 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
   assert(state_ == State::HANDSHAKE);
 #endif
 
-  int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(handshake_);
-  if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE || action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE)
+  noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action action = this->handshake_.action();
+  if (action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_READ ||
+      action == noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_WRITE)
     return APIError::OK;
-  if (action != NOISE_ACTION_SPLIT) {
+  if (action != noise::NoiseResponderHandshake::Action::ACTION_SPLIT) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", action);
+    HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", (int) action);
     return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
   }
-  int err = noise_handshakestate_split(handshake_, &send_cipher_, &recv_cipher_);
+  // split() also frees the handshake state
+  int err = this->handshake_.split(send_cipher_, recv_cipher_);
   APIError aerr =
       handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_split"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
@@ -620,17 +570,11 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
   this->frame_footer_size_ = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher_);
 
   HELPER_LOG("Handshake complete!");
-  noise_handshakestate_free(handshake_);
-  handshake_ = nullptr;
   state_ = State::DATA;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
 APINoiseFrameHelper::~APINoiseFrameHelper() {
-  if (handshake_ != nullptr) {
-    noise_handshakestate_free(handshake_);
-    handshake_ = nullptr;
-  }
   if (send_cipher_ != nullptr) {
     noise_cipherstate_free(send_cipher_);
     send_cipher_ = nullptr;
@@ -641,16 +585,6 @@ APINoiseFrameHelper::~APINoiseFrameHelper() {
   }
 }
 
-extern "C" {
-// declare how noise generates random bytes (here with a good HWRNG based on the RF system)
-void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
-  if (!esphome::random_bytes(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(output), len)) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Acquiring random bytes failed; rebooting");
-    arch_restart();
-  }
-}
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 #endif  // USE_API
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
index 0676eab78d..366751738e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_API
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 #include "noise/protocol.h"
-#include "api_noise_context.h"
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -14,20 +14,28 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
   // Pos 3-6: encrypted type (16-bit) + data_len (16-bit)
   // Pos 7+: actual payload data
-  static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = 1 + 2 + 2 + 2;  // indicator + size + type + data_len
+  static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + 2 + 2;  // frame header + type + data_len
 
-  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, APINoiseContext &ctx)
+  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, noise::NoiseContext &ctx)
       : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket)), ctx_(ctx) {
     frame_header_padding_ = HEADER_PADDING;
   }
   ~APINoiseFrameHelper() override;
   APIError init() override;
+#ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+  // Take over a connection whose first bytes were consumed by a plaintext
+  // helper on an unprovisioned device (see APIError::PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE).
+  // Seeds the already-read header bytes and pumps the handshake state machine
+  // until it would block.
+  APIError init_from_handoff(const uint8_t *header, uint8_t header_len);
+#endif
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) override;
 
  protected:
+  APIError pump_handshake_();
   APIError state_action_();
   APIError state_action_client_hello_();
   APIError state_action_server_hello_();
@@ -36,7 +44,7 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError state_action_handshake_write_();
   APIError try_read_frame_();
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
-  APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
+  APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type,
                                   uint16_t &encrypted_len_out);
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();
@@ -44,25 +52,22 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError handle_handshake_frame_error_(APIError aerr);
   APIError handle_noise_error_(int err, const LogString *func_name, APIError api_err);
 
-  // Pointers first (4 bytes each)
-  NoiseHandshakeState *handshake_{nullptr};
+  // Pointers first (4 bytes each; the handshake wrapper holds one pointer)
+  noise::NoiseResponderHandshake handshake_;
   NoiseCipherState *send_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher_{nullptr};
 
   // Reference to noise context (4 bytes on 32-bit)
-  APINoiseContext &ctx_;
+  noise::NoiseContext &ctx_;
 
   // Buffer for noise handshake prologue (released after handshake)
   APIBuffer prologue_;
 
-  // NoiseProtocolId (size depends on implementation)
-  NoiseProtocolId nid_;
-
   // Group small types together
   // Fixed-size header buffer for noise protocol:
   // 1 byte for indicator + 2 bytes for message size (16-bit value, not varint)
   // Note: Maximum message size is UINT16_MAX (65535), with a limit of 128 bytes during handshake phase
-  uint8_t rx_header_buf_[3];
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_[noise::FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
   uint8_t rx_header_buf_len_ = 0;
   // 4 bytes total, no padding
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
index fa611a6e33..09ace7294a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "proto.h"
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -89,6 +90,17 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
     // If this was the first read, validate the indicator byte
     if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 0 && received > 0) {
       if (rx_header_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+        // Dual build (encryption supported but no key set): a 0x01 first byte
+        // is a Noise client hello. Hand the connection off to a Noise helper
+        // running the all-zeros provisioning PSK so the encryption key can be
+        // set without crossing the wire in plaintext. Preserve the bytes we
+        // already consumed; they are the start of the Noise 3-byte header.
+        if (rx_header_buf_[0] == 0x01) {
+          rx_header_buf_pos_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(received);
+          return APIError::PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE;
+        }
+#endif
         state_ = State::FAILED;
         HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", rx_header_buf_[0]);
         return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
@@ -241,24 +253,21 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline void encode_varint_16(uint16_t value, uint8_
   *p = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
 }
 
-// Encode an 8-bit varint (1-2 bytes) using pre-computed length.
-ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline void encode_varint_8(uint8_t value, uint8_t varint_len, uint8_t *p) {
-  if (varint_len == 2) {
-    *p++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
-    *p = static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 7);
-  } else {
-    *p = value;
-  }
-}
+// The generator rejects message IDs above MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE, so the type varint
+// can never outgrow the 2 bytes HEADER_PADDING budgets for it. Without this
+// bound, write_plaintext_header's header_offset would underflow for the first
+// message in a batch and the header write would land outside the buffer.
+static_assert(1 + 3 + ProtoSize::varint16(MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE) <= APIPlaintextFrameHelper::HEADER_PADDING,
+              "HEADER_PADDING cannot fit the type varint of the largest message ID");
 
 // Write plaintext header into pre-allocated padding before payload.
 // padding_size: bytes reserved before payload (HEADER_PADDING for first/single msg,
 //               actual header size for contiguous batch messages).
 // Returns the total header length (indicator + varints).
 ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline uint8_t write_plaintext_header(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size,
-                                                                   uint8_t message_type, uint8_t padding_size) {
+                                                                   uint16_t message_type, uint8_t padding_size) {
   uint8_t size_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size);
-  uint8_t type_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint8(message_type);
+  uint8_t type_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint16(message_type);
   uint8_t total_header_len = 1 + size_varint_len + type_varint_len;
 
   // The header is right-justified within the padding so it sits immediately before payload.
@@ -281,12 +290,12 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline uint8_t write_plaintext_header(uint8_t *buf_
 
   // Encode varints directly into buffer using pre-computed lengths
   encode_varint_16(payload_size, size_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1);
-  encode_varint_8(message_type, type_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len);
+  encode_varint_16(message_type, type_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len);
 
   return total_header_len;
 }
 
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
+APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h
index 8314754715..00e7c7b1bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   // Plaintext header structure (worst case):
   // Pos 0: indicator (0x00)
   // Pos 1-3: payload size varint (up to 3 bytes)
-  // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes)
+  // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes; covers message IDs up to
+  //          16383, enforced by the proto codegen)
   // Pos 6+: actual payload data
   static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = 1 + 3 + 2;  // indicator + size varint + type varint
 
@@ -21,8 +22,17 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) override;
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  // After try_read_frame_ returned PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE: copy out the
+  // header bytes already consumed from the socket (at most 3, the size of the
+  // Noise fixed header) so the replacement Noise helper can be seeded with them.
+  uint8_t get_consumed_header(uint8_t out[3]) const {
+    memcpy(out, this->rx_header_buf_, this->rx_header_buf_pos_);
+    return this->rx_header_buf_pos_;
+  }
+#endif
 
  protected:
   APIError try_read_frame_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_noise_context.h b/esphome/components/api/api_noise_context.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b5f7016689..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_noise_context.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <array>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-
-namespace esphome::api {
-
-#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-using psk_t = std::array<uint8_t, 32>;
-
-class APINoiseContext {
- public:
-  void set_psk(psk_t psk) {
-    this->psk_ = psk;
-    bool has_psk = false;
-    for (auto i : psk) {
-      has_psk |= i;
-    }
-    this->has_psk_ = has_psk;
-  }
-  const psk_t &get_psk() const { return this->psk_; }
-  bool has_psk() const { return this->has_psk_; }
-
- protected:
-  psk_t psk_{};
-  bool has_psk_{false};
-};
-#endif  // USE_API_NOISE
-
-}  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
index ac9c4e59cc..66295b3d53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
@@ -116,4 +116,10 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     // the per-byte loop when the upper bits are non-zero (the common case
     // for real MAC addresses, since OUIs occupy the top 24 bits).
     optional bool mac_address = 50019 [default=false];
+
+    // track_presence: Track whether this message-typed field was present on the wire.
+    // Generates a `bool has_<field>{false};` member on the decoding side that is set
+    // to true when the field arrives, so an all-default submessage can be told apart
+    // from an absent one (e.g. a UTC ParsedTimezone, which is all zeros).
+    optional bool track_presence = 50020 [default=false];
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp
index e242d4553e..48d8fe18ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "api_overflow_buffer.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 #include <cstring>
+#include <new>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -12,6 +13,22 @@ APIOverflowBuffer::~APIOverflowBuffer() {
 }
 
 ssize_t APIOverflowBuffer::try_drain(socket::Socket *socket) {
+  // socket->write() can re-enter this function: a log message emitted from an
+  // lwip callback during the write goes out over the API and lands back in the
+  // frame helper's write/drain path. If a nested drain ran here it would send
+  // and free the entry the outer drain is still holding, causing a double free.
+  // Report "no progress" instead; the outer drain keeps draining, and the
+  // nested send is enqueued behind the existing backlog.
+  if (this->draining_)
+    return 0;
+
+  // RAII so the flag is cleared on every return path
+  struct DrainGuard {
+    explicit DrainGuard(bool &flag) : flag_(flag) { flag_ = true; }
+    ~DrainGuard() { this->flag_ = false; }
+    bool &flag_;
+  } guard(this->draining_);
+
   while (this->count_ > 0) {
     Entry *front = this->queue_[this->head_];
 
@@ -29,11 +46,12 @@ ssize_t APIOverflowBuffer::try_drain(socket::Socket *socket) {
       return sent;
     }
 
-    // Entry fully sent — free it and advance
-    Entry::destroy(front);
+    // Entry fully sent — unlink it before freeing so a freed pointer is never
+    // reachable from the queue
     this->queue_[this->head_] = nullptr;
     this->head_ = (this->head_ + 1) % API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE;
     this->count_--;
+    Entry::destroy(front);
   }
 
   return 0;  // All drained
@@ -44,9 +62,18 @@ bool APIOverflowBuffer::enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
     return false;
 
   uint16_t buffer_size = total_len - skip;
+  // nothrow: a failed allocation returns nullptr so the connection is dropped
+  // cleanly instead of plain new's crash or abort on OOM
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  auto *entry = new Entry{new uint8_t[buffer_size], buffer_size, 0};
-  this->queue_[this->tail_] = entry;
+  auto *data = new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[buffer_size];
+  if (data == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  auto *entry = new (std::nothrow) Entry{data, buffer_size, 0};
+  if (entry == nullptr) {
+    delete[] data;
+    return false;
+  }
 
   uint16_t to_skip = skip;
   uint16_t write_pos = 0;
@@ -63,6 +90,8 @@ bool APIOverflowBuffer::enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
     }
   }
 
+  // Publish only after the copy completes so a half-built entry is never reachable
+  this->queue_[this->tail_] = entry;
   this->tail_ = (this->tail_ + 1) % API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE;
   this->count_++;
   return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h
index 19aae680f0..03a334b281 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class APIOverflowBuffer {
 
   /// Enqueue unsent IOV data into the backlog.
   /// Copies iov data starting at byte offset `skip` into a new entry.
-  /// Returns false if the queue is full (caller should fail the connection).
+  /// Returns false if the queue is full or allocation fails (caller should fail the connection).
   bool enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_len, uint16_t skip);
 
  protected:
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ class APIOverflowBuffer {
   uint8_t head_{0};
   uint8_t tail_{0};
   uint8_t count_{0};
+  // Guards against re-entrant drains: socket->write() can re-enter the API
+  // send path (e.g. a log message emitted from an lwip callback), and a nested
+  // drain would free the entry the outer drain is still holding.
+  bool draining_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index c711ef167c..f56d791b67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,26 @@ uint32_t HelloResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += 2 + this->name.size();
   return size;
 }
+bool DisconnectRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->reason = static_cast<enums::DisconnectReason>(value);
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+uint8_t *DisconnectRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->reason));
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t DisconnectRequest::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += this->reason ? 2 : 0;
+  return size;
+}
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
 uint8_t *AreaInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
@@ -82,12 +102,14 @@ uint8_t *SerialProxyInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PAR
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->name);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->port_type));
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, this->configured_line_states);
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SerialProxyInfo::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += this->port_type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->configured_line_states);
   return size;
 }
 #endif
@@ -150,6 +172,9 @@ uint8_t *DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_
   for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
     ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 25, it);
   }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 26, this->api_encryption_provisionable);
 #endif
   return pos;
 }
@@ -212,6 +237,85 @@ uint32_t DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() const {
   for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
     size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(2, it.calculate_size());
   }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(2, this->api_encryption_provisionable);
+#endif
+  return size;
+}
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+uint8_t *BluetoothProxyCapabilities::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->feature_flags);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 18, this->mac_address);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t BluetoothProxyCapabilities::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  size += 2 + this->mac_address.size();
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+uint8_t *VoiceAssistantCapabilities::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->feature_flags);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantCapabilities::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+uint8_t *ZWaveProxyCapabilities::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->feature_flags);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, this->home_id);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyCapabilities::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->home_id);
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
+uint8_t *DeviceCapabilitiesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  ProtoEncode::encode_optional_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 1, this->bluetooth_proxy);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  ProtoEncode::encode_optional_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 2, this->voice_assistant);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  ProtoEncode::encode_optional_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 3, this->zwave_proxy);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 4, it);
+  }
+#endif
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t DeviceCapabilitiesResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->bluetooth_proxy.calculate_size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->voice_assistant.calculate_size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->zwave_proxy.calculate_size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+  }
 #endif
   return size;
 }
@@ -1147,12 +1251,9 @@ bool ParsedTimezone::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value
 }
 bool GetTimeResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 2: {
-      this->timezone = StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.data()), value.size());
-      break;
-    }
     case 3:
       value.decode_to_message(this->parsed_timezone);
+      this->has_parsed_timezone = true;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2222,7 +2323,6 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_
 #endif
   ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 6, this->disabled_by_default);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 7, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 8, this->supports_pause);
   for (auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
     ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 9, it);
   }
@@ -2242,7 +2342,6 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
   size += this->entity_category ? 2 : 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_pause);
   if (!this->supported_formats.empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
       size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
@@ -2380,6 +2479,8 @@ BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   }
   return size;
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
@@ -2756,6 +2857,8 @@ uint32_t BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
   return size;
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 uint8_t *BluetoothScannerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
@@ -3839,6 +3942,18 @@ uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
   return size;
 }
+uint8_t *ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += this->type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += this->status ? 2 : 0;
+  return size;
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -4081,12 +4196,14 @@ uint8_t *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->instance);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, this->line_states);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->instance);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->line_states);
+  size += this->status ? 2 : 0;
   return size;
 }
 bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
@@ -4119,7 +4236,7 @@ uint32_t SerialProxyRequestResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 bool BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 7e926ee0d4..bed28d2956 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -9,8 +9,16 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+// Upper bound on message IDs, enforced by the code generator: the plaintext
+// frame header budgets 2 varint bytes for the type (HEADER_PADDING).
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE = 16383;
+
 namespace enums {
 
+enum DisconnectReason : uint32_t {
+  DISCONNECT_REASON_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+  DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED = 1,
+};
 enum SerialProxyPortType : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL = 0,
   SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232 = 1,
@@ -221,7 +229,7 @@ enum MediaPlayerFormatPurpose : uint32_t {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ANNOUNCEMENT = 1,
 };
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType : uint32_t {
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT = 0,
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_DISCONNECT = 1,
@@ -231,6 +239,8 @@ enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType : uint32_t {
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITHOUT_CACHE = 5,
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CLEAR_CACHE = 6,
 };
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 enum BluetoothScannerState : uint32_t {
   BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE = 0,
   BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STARTING = 1,
@@ -328,6 +338,11 @@ enum ZWaveProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
   ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1,
   ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_HOME_ID_CHANGE = 2,
 };
+enum ZWaveProxyStatus : uint32_t {
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0,
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE = 1,
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2,
+};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 enum SerialProxyParity : uint32_t {
@@ -339,6 +354,8 @@ enum SerialProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0,
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1,
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE = 3,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS = 4,
 };
 enum SerialProxyStatus : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0,
@@ -346,6 +363,8 @@ enum SerialProxyStatus : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2,
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3,
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE = 5,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 6,
 };
 #endif
 
@@ -392,7 +411,7 @@ class CommandProtoMessage : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class HelloRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 1;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 1;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("hello_request"); }
@@ -410,7 +429,7 @@ class HelloRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 2;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 2;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 26;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("hello_response"); }
@@ -427,22 +446,26 @@ class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
-class DisconnectRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
+class DisconnectRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 5;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 5;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("disconnect_request"); }
 #endif
+  enums::DisconnectReason reason{};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class DisconnectResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 6;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 6;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("disconnect_response"); }
@@ -455,7 +478,7 @@ class DisconnectResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class PingRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 7;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 7;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("ping_request"); }
@@ -468,7 +491,7 @@ class PingRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class PingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 8;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 8;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("ping_response"); }
@@ -513,6 +536,7 @@ class SerialProxyInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name{};
   enums::SerialProxyPortType port_type{};
+  uint32_t configured_line_states{0};
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -524,8 +548,8 @@ class SerialProxyInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
 class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 10;
-  static constexpr uint16_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 309;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 10;
+  static constexpr uint16_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 312;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("device_info_response"); }
 #endif
@@ -578,6 +602,77 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   uint32_t zwave_home_id{0};
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  std::array<SerialProxyInfo, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  bool api_encryption_provisionable{false};
+#endif
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+class BluetoothProxyCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  StringRef mac_address{};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+class VoiceAssistantCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+class ZWaveProxyCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  uint32_t home_id{0};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
+class DeviceCapabilitiesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 150;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 102;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("device_capabilities_response"); }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  BluetoothProxyCapabilities bluetooth_proxy{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  VoiceAssistantCapabilities voice_assistant{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  ZWaveProxyCapabilities zwave_proxy{};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   std::array<SerialProxyInfo, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies{};
 #endif
@@ -591,7 +686,7 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class ListEntitiesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 19;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 19;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_done_response"); }
@@ -605,7 +700,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 class ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 12;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 12;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 51;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_binary_sensor_response"); }
@@ -622,7 +717,7 @@ class ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class BinarySensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 21;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 21;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 13;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("binary_sensor_state_response"); }
@@ -641,7 +736,7 @@ class BinarySensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_COVER
 class ListEntitiesCoverResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 13;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 13;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 57;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_cover_response"); }
@@ -661,7 +756,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCoverResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CoverStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 22;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 22;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("cover_state_response"); }
@@ -679,7 +774,7 @@ class CoverStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CoverCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 30;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 30;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 25;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("cover_command_request"); }
@@ -701,7 +796,7 @@ class CoverCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_FAN
 class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 14;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 14;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 68;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_fan_response"); }
@@ -721,7 +816,7 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class FanStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 23;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 23;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 28;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("fan_state_response"); }
@@ -741,7 +836,7 @@ class FanStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class FanCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 31;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 31;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 38;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("fan_command_request"); }
@@ -769,7 +864,7 @@ class FanCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
 class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 15;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 15;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 73;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_light_response"); }
@@ -788,7 +883,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 24;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 24;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 67;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("light_state_response"); }
@@ -815,7 +910,7 @@ class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 32;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 32;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 112;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("light_command_request"); }
@@ -859,7 +954,7 @@ class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 class ListEntitiesSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 16;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 16;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 66;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_sensor_response"); }
@@ -879,7 +974,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 25;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 25;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("sensor_state_response"); }
@@ -898,7 +993,7 @@ class SensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
 class ListEntitiesSwitchResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 17;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 17;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 51;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_switch_response"); }
@@ -915,7 +1010,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSwitchResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SwitchStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 26;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 26;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("switch_state_response"); }
@@ -931,7 +1026,7 @@ class SwitchStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SwitchCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 33;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 33;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("switch_command_request"); }
@@ -949,7 +1044,7 @@ class SwitchCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 class ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 18;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 18;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 49;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_text_sensor_response"); }
@@ -965,7 +1060,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TextSensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 27;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 27;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("text_sensor_state_response"); }
@@ -983,7 +1078,7 @@ class TextSensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
 class SubscribeLogsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 28;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 28;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_logs_request"); }
@@ -999,7 +1094,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 29;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 29;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_logs_response"); }
@@ -1022,7 +1117,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 124;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 124;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 19;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("noise_encryption_set_key_request"); }
@@ -1038,7 +1133,7 @@ class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 125;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 125;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("noise_encryption_set_key_response"); }
@@ -1068,7 +1163,7 @@ class HomeassistantServiceMap final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 35;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 35;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 128;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("homeassistant_action_request"); }
@@ -1099,7 +1194,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 class HomeassistantActionResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 130;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 130;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("homeassistant_action_response"); }
@@ -1123,7 +1218,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 class SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 39;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 39;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_home_assistant_state_response"); }
@@ -1141,7 +1236,7 @@ class SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class HomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 40;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 40;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("home_assistant_state_response"); }
@@ -1159,7 +1254,7 @@ class HomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 class GetTimeRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 36;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 36;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("get_time_request"); }
@@ -1201,14 +1296,14 @@ class ParsedTimezone final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 37;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 31;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 37;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 22;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("get_time_response"); }
 #endif
   uint32_t epoch_seconds{0};
-  StringRef timezone{};
   ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone{};
+  bool has_parsed_timezone{false};
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1232,7 +1327,7 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 41;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 41;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 50;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_services_response"); }
@@ -1272,7 +1367,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceArgument final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 42;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 42;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 45;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("execute_service_request"); }
@@ -1299,7 +1394,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 131;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 131;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("execute_service_response"); }
@@ -1323,7 +1418,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 43;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 43;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_camera_response"); }
@@ -1338,7 +1433,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 44;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 44;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 30;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("camera_image_response"); }
@@ -1360,7 +1455,7 @@ class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class CameraImageRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 45;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 45;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("camera_image_request"); }
@@ -1378,7 +1473,7 @@ class CameraImageRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 46;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 46;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 153;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_climate_response"); }
@@ -1412,7 +1507,7 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ClimateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 47;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 47;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 68;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("climate_state_response"); }
@@ -1440,7 +1535,7 @@ class ClimateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ClimateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 48;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 48;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 84;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("climate_command_request"); }
@@ -1478,7 +1573,7 @@ class ClimateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
 class ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 132;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 132;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 65;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_water_heater_response"); }
@@ -1499,7 +1594,7 @@ class ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class WaterHeaterStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 133;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 133;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 35;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("water_heater_state_response"); }
@@ -1520,7 +1615,7 @@ class WaterHeaterStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class WaterHeaterCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 134;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 134;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("water_heater_command_request"); }
@@ -1543,7 +1638,7 @@ class WaterHeaterCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
 class ListEntitiesNumberResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 49;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 49;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 75;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_number_response"); }
@@ -1564,7 +1659,7 @@ class ListEntitiesNumberResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class NumberStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 50;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 50;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("number_state_response"); }
@@ -1581,7 +1676,7 @@ class NumberStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class NumberCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 51;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 51;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("number_command_request"); }
@@ -1599,7 +1694,7 @@ class NumberCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
 class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 52;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 52;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 58;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_select_response"); }
@@ -1615,7 +1710,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 53;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 53;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("select_state_response"); }
@@ -1632,7 +1727,7 @@ class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SelectCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 54;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 54;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("select_command_request"); }
@@ -1651,7 +1746,7 @@ class SelectCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
 class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 55;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 55;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 62;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_siren_response"); }
@@ -1669,7 +1764,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SirenStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 56;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 56;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("siren_state_response"); }
@@ -1685,7 +1780,7 @@ class SirenStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class SirenCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 57;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 57;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 37;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("siren_command_request"); }
@@ -1711,7 +1806,7 @@ class SirenCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
 class ListEntitiesLockResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 58;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 58;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 55;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_lock_response"); }
@@ -1730,7 +1825,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLockResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LockStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 59;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 59;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("lock_state_response"); }
@@ -1746,7 +1841,7 @@ class LockStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class LockCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 60;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 60;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 22;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("lock_command_request"); }
@@ -1767,7 +1862,7 @@ class LockCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
 class ListEntitiesButtonResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 61;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 61;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 49;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_button_response"); }
@@ -1783,7 +1878,7 @@ class ListEntitiesButtonResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ButtonCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 62;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 62;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 9;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("button_command_request"); }
@@ -1815,12 +1910,11 @@ class MediaPlayerSupportedFormat final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 63;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 80;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 63;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 78;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_media_player_response"); }
 #endif
-  bool supports_pause{false};
   std::vector<MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> supported_formats{};
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
@@ -1833,7 +1927,7 @@ class ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class MediaPlayerStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 64;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 64;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("media_player_state_response"); }
@@ -1851,7 +1945,7 @@ class MediaPlayerStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class MediaPlayerCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 65;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 65;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 35;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("media_player_command_request"); }
@@ -1877,7 +1971,7 @@ class MediaPlayerCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 class SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 66;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 66;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request"); }
@@ -1905,7 +1999,7 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisement final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 93;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 93;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 136;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_le_raw_advertisements_response"); }
@@ -1920,9 +2014,11 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 class BluetoothDeviceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 68;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 68;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 12;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_request"); }
@@ -1940,7 +2036,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 69;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 69;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_connection_response"); }
@@ -1959,7 +2055,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 70;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 70;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request"); }
@@ -2016,7 +2112,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTService final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 71;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 71;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 38;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_get_services_response"); }
@@ -2033,7 +2129,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 72;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 72;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_get_services_done_response"); }
@@ -2049,7 +2145,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 73;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 73;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_read_request"); }
@@ -2065,7 +2161,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 74;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 74;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_read_response"); }
@@ -2088,7 +2184,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 75;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 75;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 29;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_write_request"); }
@@ -2108,7 +2204,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 76;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 76;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request"); }
@@ -2124,7 +2220,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 77;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 77;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request"); }
@@ -2143,7 +2239,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 78;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 78;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_notify_request"); }
@@ -2160,7 +2256,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 79;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 79;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_notify_data_response"); }
@@ -2183,7 +2279,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 81;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 81;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_connections_free_response"); }
@@ -2201,7 +2297,7 @@ class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTErrorResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 82;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 82;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 12;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_error_response"); }
@@ -2219,7 +2315,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTErrorResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 83;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 83;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_write_response"); }
@@ -2236,7 +2332,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 84;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 84;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_gatt_notify_response"); }
@@ -2253,7 +2349,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDevicePairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 85;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 85;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_pairing_response"); }
@@ -2271,7 +2367,7 @@ class BluetoothDevicePairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 86;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 86;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_unpairing_response"); }
@@ -2289,7 +2385,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 88;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 88;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_device_clear_cache_response"); }
@@ -2305,9 +2401,11 @@ class BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 class BluetoothScannerStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 126;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 126;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_scanner_state_response"); }
@@ -2325,7 +2423,7 @@ class BluetoothScannerStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 127;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 127;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request"); }
@@ -2342,7 +2440,7 @@ class BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 class SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 89;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 89;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("subscribe_voice_assistant_request"); }
@@ -2371,7 +2469,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudioSettings final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 90;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 90;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 41;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_request"); }
@@ -2391,7 +2489,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 91;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 91;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_response"); }
@@ -2418,7 +2516,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantEventData final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 92;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 92;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 36;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_event_response"); }
@@ -2435,7 +2533,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 106;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 106;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_audio"); }
@@ -2457,7 +2555,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 115;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 115;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 30;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_timer_event_response"); }
@@ -2478,7 +2576,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 119;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 119;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 29;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_announce_request"); }
@@ -2497,7 +2595,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 120;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 120;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_announce_finished"); }
@@ -2543,7 +2641,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 121;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 121;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_configuration_request"); }
@@ -2558,7 +2656,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 122;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 122;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 56;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_configuration_response"); }
@@ -2576,7 +2674,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 123;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 123;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("voice_assistant_set_configuration"); }
@@ -2593,7 +2691,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 class ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 94;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 94;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 48;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_alarm_control_panel_response"); }
@@ -2611,7 +2709,7 @@ class ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMess
 };
 class AlarmControlPanelStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 95;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 95;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("alarm_control_panel_state_response"); }
@@ -2627,7 +2725,7 @@ class AlarmControlPanelStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 96;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 96;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("alarm_control_panel_command_request"); }
@@ -2647,7 +2745,7 @@ class AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
 class ListEntitiesTextResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 97;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 97;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 59;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_text_response"); }
@@ -2666,7 +2764,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTextResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TextStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 98;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 98;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("text_state_response"); }
@@ -2683,7 +2781,7 @@ class TextStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TextCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 99;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 99;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("text_command_request"); }
@@ -2702,7 +2800,7 @@ class TextCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
 class ListEntitiesDateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 100;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 100;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_date_response"); }
@@ -2717,7 +2815,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 101;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 101;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_state_response"); }
@@ -2736,7 +2834,7 @@ class DateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 102;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 102;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_command_request"); }
@@ -2756,7 +2854,7 @@ class DateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
 class ListEntitiesTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 103;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 103;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_time_response"); }
@@ -2771,7 +2869,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 104;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 104;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("time_state_response"); }
@@ -2790,7 +2888,7 @@ class TimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class TimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 105;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 105;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("time_command_request"); }
@@ -2810,7 +2908,7 @@ class TimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 107;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 107;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 67;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_event_response"); }
@@ -2827,7 +2925,7 @@ class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class EventResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 108;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 108;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("event_response"); }
@@ -2845,7 +2943,7 @@ class EventResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
 class ListEntitiesValveResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 109;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 109;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 55;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_valve_response"); }
@@ -2864,7 +2962,7 @@ class ListEntitiesValveResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ValveStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 110;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 110;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("valve_state_response"); }
@@ -2881,7 +2979,7 @@ class ValveStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class ValveCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 111;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 111;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("valve_command_request"); }
@@ -2901,7 +2999,7 @@ class ValveCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
 class ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 112;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 112;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 40;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_date_time_response"); }
@@ -2916,7 +3014,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateTimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 113;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 113;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 16;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_time_state_response"); }
@@ -2933,7 +3031,7 @@ class DateTimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class DateTimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 114;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 114;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("date_time_command_request"); }
@@ -2951,7 +3049,7 @@ class DateTimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 class ListEntitiesUpdateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 116;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 116;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 49;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_update_response"); }
@@ -2967,7 +3065,7 @@ class ListEntitiesUpdateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class UpdateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 117;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 117;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 65;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("update_state_response"); }
@@ -2991,7 +3089,7 @@ class UpdateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 };
 class UpdateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 118;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 118;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("update_command_request"); }
@@ -3009,7 +3107,7 @@ class UpdateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
 class ZWaveProxyFrame final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 128;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 128;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 19;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("z_wave_proxy_frame"); }
@@ -3027,7 +3125,7 @@ class ZWaveProxyFrame final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 129;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 129;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("z_wave_proxy_request"); }
@@ -3045,11 +3143,28 @@ class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
   bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
+class ZWaveProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 151;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("z_wave_proxy_request_response"); }
+#endif
+  enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type{};
+  enums::ZWaveProxyStatus status{};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 135;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 135;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 48;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_infrared_response"); }
@@ -3068,7 +3183,7 @@ class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 136;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 136;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 224;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request"); }
@@ -3094,7 +3209,7 @@ class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 137;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 137;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("infrared_rf_receive_event"); }
@@ -3116,7 +3231,7 @@ class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
 class ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 148;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 148;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 56;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_radio_frequency_response"); }
@@ -3137,7 +3252,7 @@ class ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 138;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 138;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_configure_request"); }
@@ -3157,7 +3272,7 @@ class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyDataReceived final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 139;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 139;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_data_received"); }
@@ -3179,7 +3294,7 @@ class SerialProxyDataReceived final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 140;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 140;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_write_request"); }
@@ -3197,7 +3312,7 @@ class SerialProxyWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 141;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 141;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request"); }
@@ -3213,7 +3328,7 @@ class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 142;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 142;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request"); }
@@ -3228,13 +3343,14 @@ class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 143;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 143;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 10;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_response"); }
 #endif
   uint32_t instance{0};
   uint32_t line_states{0};
+  enums::SerialProxyStatus status{};
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -3245,7 +3361,7 @@ class SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 144;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 144;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_request"); }
@@ -3261,7 +3377,7 @@ class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class SerialProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 147;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 147;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("serial_proxy_request_response"); }
@@ -3279,10 +3395,10 @@ class SerialProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  protected:
 };
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 145;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 145;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_set_connection_params_request"); }
@@ -3301,7 +3417,7 @@ class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 };
 class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 146;
+  static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 146;
   static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("bluetooth_set_connection_params_response"); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h
index 8ebd60fb5d..3603fac6d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#if defined(USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY) || defined(USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS)
 #ifndef USE_API_VARINT64
 #define USE_API_VARINT64
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index 850ad37bc9..846c0ad652 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -125,6 +125,16 @@ static void dump_bytes_field(DumpBuffer &out, const char *field_name, const uint
 }
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::DisconnectReason>(enums::DisconnectReason value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::DISCONNECT_REASON_UNSPECIFIED:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("DISCONNECT_REASON_UNSPECIFIED");
+    case enums::DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED");
+    default:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
+  }
+}
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyPortType>(enums::SerialProxyPortType value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL:
@@ -574,7 +584,7 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::MediaPlayerFormatPurpose>(enu
   }
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 template<>
 const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType>(enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType value) {
   switch (value) {
@@ -596,6 +606,8 @@ const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType>(enums::Bluet
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::BluetoothScannerState>(enums::BluetoothScannerState value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE:
@@ -804,6 +816,18 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(enums:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyStatus>(enums::ZWaveProxyStatus value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK");
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE");
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED");
+    default:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyParity>(enums::SerialProxyParity value) {
@@ -826,6 +850,10 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(enums
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE");
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS");
     default:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
@@ -842,6 +870,10 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(enums::Ser
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT");
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT");
     default:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
@@ -864,7 +896,8 @@ const char *HelloResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *DisconnectRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
-  out.append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("DisconnectRequest {}"));
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("DisconnectRequest"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("reason"), static_cast<enums::DisconnectReason>(this->reason));
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *DisconnectResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -901,6 +934,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyInfo::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyInfo"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("port_type"), static_cast<enums::SerialProxyPortType>(this->port_type));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("configured_line_states"), this->configured_line_states);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
@@ -965,6 +999,58 @@ const char *DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("zwave_home_id"), this->zwave_home_id);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("serial_proxies")).append(": ");
+    it.dump_to(out);
+    out.append("\n");
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("api_encryption_provisionable"), this->api_encryption_provisionable);
+#endif
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+const char *BluetoothProxyCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothProxyCapabilities"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("mac_address"), this->mac_address);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+const char *VoiceAssistantCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("VoiceAssistantCapabilities"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+const char *ZWaveProxyCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWaveProxyCapabilities"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("home_id"), this->home_id);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+const char *DeviceCapabilitiesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("DeviceCapabilitiesResponse"));
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("bluetooth_proxy")).append(": ");
+  this->bluetooth_proxy.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
+  out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("voice_assistant")).append(": ");
+  this->voice_assistant.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("zwave_proxy")).append(": ");
+  this->zwave_proxy.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
     out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("serial_proxies")).append(": ");
@@ -1403,7 +1489,7 @@ const char *ParsedTimezone::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 const char *GetTimeResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("GetTimeResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("epoch_seconds"), this->epoch_seconds);
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("timezone"), this->timezone);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("has_parsed_timezone"), this->has_parsed_timezone);
   out.append(2, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("parsed_timezone")).append(": ");
   this->parsed_timezone.dump_to(out);
   out.append("\n");
@@ -1876,7 +1962,6 @@ const char *ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #endif
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("disabled_by_default"), this->disabled_by_default);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("entity_category"), static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(this->entity_category));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supports_pause"), this->supports_pause);
   for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
     out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("supported_formats")).append(": ");
     it.dump_to(out);
@@ -1939,6 +2024,8 @@ const char *BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const
   }
   return out.c_str();
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 const char *BluetoothDeviceRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothDeviceRequest"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("address"), this->address);
@@ -2110,6 +2197,8 @@ const char *BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("error"), this->error);
   return out.c_str();
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 const char *BluetoothScannerStateResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothScannerStateResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("state"), static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerState>(this->state));
@@ -2575,6 +2664,12 @@ const char *ZWaveProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_bytes_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("data"), this->data, this->data_len);
   return out.c_str();
 }
+const char *ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWaveProxyRequestResponse"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("type"), static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(this->type));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("status"), static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyStatus>(this->status));
+  return out.c_str();
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 const char *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2684,6 +2779,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("instance"), this->instance);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("line_states"), this->line_states);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("status"), static_cast<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(this->status));
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *SerialProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2701,7 +2797,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyRequestResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 const char *BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("address"), this->address);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
index 0ba2961a13..65c7b8858c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
@@ -51,10 +51,12 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
     case DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      DisconnectRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_disconnect_request();
+      this->on_disconnect_request(msg);
       break;
     }
     case DisconnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothDeviceRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothDeviceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTReadRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTReadRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTWriteRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -355,7 +357,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case 80 /* SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest is empty */: {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
       this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request"));
@@ -692,7 +694,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
     case BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -703,6 +705,13 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
+    case 149 /* DeviceCapabilitiesRequest is empty */: {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_device_capabilities_request"));
+#endif
+      this->on_device_capabilities_request();
+      break;
+    }
     default:
       break;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
index aca42ca303..6abdf7093e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
 
-  void on_disconnect_request(){};
+  void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &value){};
   void on_disconnect_response(){};
   void on_ping_request(){};
   void on_ping_response(){};
   void on_device_info_request(){};
 
+  void on_device_capabilities_request(){};
+
   void on_list_entities_request(){};
 
   void on_subscribe_states_request(){};
@@ -113,32 +115,32 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &value){};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(){};
 #endif
 
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index ddd03ace4a..751f2e4c3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -107,8 +107,32 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 
   // Initialize last_connected_ for reboot timeout tracking
   this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  // Set warning status if reboot timeout is enabled
-  if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+#if defined(USE_PROVISIONING) && defined(USE_API_NOISE)
+  // Register with the provisioning manager (provisioning:) as a source and
+  // report our current state (provisioned == an encryption key is set). When the
+  // window closes, disconnect any client still attempting to provision so it learns
+  // the reason. The manager owns the timeout, window state and on_timeout automation.
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    this->provisioning_source_ = provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->register_source();
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->set_source_provisioned(this->provisioning_source_,
+                                                                      this->noise_ctx_.has_psk());
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->add_on_closed_callback([this]() {
+      for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
+        DisconnectRequest req;
+        req.reason = enums::DISCONNECT_REASON_PROVISIONING_CLOSED;
+        // Best-effort: if the send buffer is full the reason is dropped, but the
+        // client still learns the window is closed when it reconnects (rejected at
+        // hello) or via the socket close.
+        if (!c->send_message(req)) {
+          API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Disconnect request");
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+#endif
+  // Set warning status if reboot timeout is enabled (suppressed while provisioning
+  // is pending so the device waits to be onboarded instead of rebooting).
+  if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0 && !this->provisioning_pending_()) {
     this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("waiting for client connection"));
   }
 }
@@ -121,8 +145,10 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
 
   if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0) {
     // Check reboot timeout - done in loop to avoid scheduler heap churn
-    // (cancelled scheduler items sit in heap memory until their scheduled time)
-    if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    // (cancelled scheduler items sit in heap memory until their scheduled time).
+    // Suppressed while a provisioning window is pending so the device waits to be
+    // onboarded / reset instead of rebooting itself; resumes once provisioned.
+    if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0 && !this->provisioning_pending_()) {
       const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
       if (now - this->last_connected_ > this->reboot_timeout_) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No clients; rebooting");
@@ -194,7 +220,8 @@ void APIServer::remove_client_(uint8_t client_index) {
   this->clients_[last_index].reset();
 
   // Last client disconnected - set warning and start tracking for reboot timeout
-  if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+  // (suppressed while provisioning is pending - see loop()).
+  if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0 && !this->provisioning_pending_()) {
     this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("waiting for client connection"));
     this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   }
@@ -232,7 +259,7 @@ void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
     conn->start();
 
     // First client connected - clear warning and update timestamp
-    if (this->api_connection_count_ == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    if (this->api_connection_count_ == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0 && !this->provisioning_pending_()) {
       this->status_clear_warning();
       this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     }
@@ -240,12 +267,13 @@ void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
 }
 
 void APIServer::dump_config() {
+  char addr_buf[network::USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Server:\n"
                 "  Address: %s:%u\n"
                 "  Listen backlog: %u\n"
                 "  Max connections: %u",
-                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, MAX_API_CONNECTIONS);
+                network::get_use_address_to(addr_buf), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, MAX_API_CONNECTIONS);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()));
   if (!this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
@@ -368,8 +396,11 @@ void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
   // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message type is
   //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
-  for (auto &c : this->active_clients())
-    c->send_message(msg);
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
+    if (!c->send_message(msg)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Home ID notification");
+    }
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -392,16 +423,18 @@ void APIServer::send_infrared_rf_receive_event([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t device_
 API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel)
 #endif
 
-float APIServer::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
-
-void APIServer::set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
-
-void APIServer::set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = batch_delay; }
-
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
+  bool has_subscriber = false;
   for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
-    client->send_homeassistant_action(call);
+    has_subscriber |= client->send_homeassistant_action(call);
+  }
+  if (!has_subscriber) {
+    // Home Assistant subscribes to actions shortly *after* authenticating, so actions
+    // fired right at connection time (on_client_connected, on_time_sync, ...) can
+    // arrive before the subscription and are lost - warn instead of failing silently.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Home Assistant %s '%s' dropped; %s", call.is_event ? "event" : "action", call.service.c_str(),
+             this->is_connected() ? "client has not subscribed to actions (yet)" : "no client connected");
   }
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -514,10 +547,6 @@ const std::vector<APIServer::HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &APIServer::get_sta
 }
 #endif
 
-uint16_t APIServer::get_port() const { return this->port_; }
-
-void APIServer::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
-
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg,
                                   const LogString *fail_log_msg, bool make_active) {
@@ -542,7 +571,9 @@ bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
       for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
         DisconnectRequest req;
-        c->send_message(req);
+        if (!c->send_message(req)) {
+          API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Disconnect request");
+        }
       }
     });
   }
@@ -557,7 +588,7 @@ bool APIServer::load_and_apply_noise_psk_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
+bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
   // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
   // but if it is, reject the change
@@ -571,8 +602,16 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
   }
 
   SavedNoisePsk new_saved_psk{psk};
-  return this->update_noise_psk_(new_saved_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK saved"), LOG_STR("Failed to save Noise PSK"),
-                                 make_active);
+  bool result = this->update_noise_psk_(new_saved_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK saved"), LOG_STR("Failed to save Noise PSK"),
+                                        make_active);
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // The device now has a key; report provisioned so the provisioning window is
+  // satisfied and the reboot timeout resumes normal operation.
+  if (result && provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->set_source_provisioned(this->provisioning_source_, true);
+  }
+#endif
+  return result;
 #endif
 }
 bool APIServer::clear_noise_psk(bool make_active) {
@@ -583,8 +622,16 @@ bool APIServer::clear_noise_psk(bool make_active) {
   return false;
 #else
   SavedNoisePsk empty_psk{};
-  return this->update_noise_psk_(empty_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK cleared"), LOG_STR("Failed to clear Noise PSK"),
-                                 make_active);
+  bool result = this->update_noise_psk_(empty_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK cleared"), LOG_STR("Failed to clear Noise PSK"),
+                                        make_active);
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // The key was cleared; report unprovisioned so a subsequent reboot reopens the
+  // provisioning window.
+  if (result && provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->set_source_provisioned(this->provisioning_source_, false);
+  }
+#endif
+  return result;
 #endif
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 16b5762f68..072a583901 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 #include "api_buffer.h"
 // Must precede clients_ so APIConnection is complete for default_delete (libc++).
 #include "api_connection.h"
-#include "api_noise_context.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+// Only present in the build when the noise component is loaded
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+#endif
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
@@ -14,6 +17,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/controller.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
 #endif
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ class UserServiceDescriptor;
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 struct SavedNoisePsk {
-  psk_t psk;
+  noise::psk_t psk;
 } PACKED;  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
@@ -48,8 +54,8 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
  public:
   APIServer();
   void setup() override;
-  uint16_t get_port() const;
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  uint16_t get_port() const { return this->port_; }
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void on_shutdown() override;
@@ -60,9 +66,9 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   void on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) override;
 #endif
-  void set_port(uint16_t port);
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
-  void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay);
+  void set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
+  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
+  void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = batch_delay; }
   uint16_t get_batch_delay() const { return batch_delay_; }
   void set_listen_backlog(uint8_t listen_backlog) { this->listen_backlog_ = listen_backlog; }
 
@@ -70,10 +76,10 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   APIBuffer &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
+  bool save_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
   bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
-  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
-  APINoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
+  void set_noise_psk(noise::psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
+  noise::NoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
   void handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn);
@@ -255,6 +261,19 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   // Remove a disconnected client by index. Swaps with the last populated slot and resets it.
   void __attribute__((noinline)) remove_client_(uint8_t client_index);
 
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // True while a configured provisioning window is still pending (the device is
+  // unprovisioned). Suppresses the reboot timeout and its warning so the device is
+  // not auto-rebooted while waiting to be provisioned. False when no provisioning
+  // window is configured.
+  bool provisioning_pending_() const {
+    return provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr &&
+           provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->window_pending();
+  }
+#else
+  bool provisioning_pending_() const { return false; }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
                          bool make_active);
@@ -332,10 +351,13 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   uint8_t listen_backlog_{4};
   bool shutting_down_ = false;
   uint8_t api_connection_count_{0};
-  // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
+#if defined(USE_PROVISIONING) && defined(USE_API_NOISE)
+  // Index assigned by the provisioning manager for reporting this transport's state.
+  uint8_t provisioning_source_{0};
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  APINoiseContext noise_ctx_;
+  noise::NoiseContext noise_ctx_;
   ESPPreferenceObject noise_pref_;
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/client.py b/esphome/components/api/client.py
index 44edc035f9..5e1c88b2ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/client.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/client.py
@@ -1,171 +1,10 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
+"""Backward-compatibility shim; the log client lives in esphome.api_client.
 
-import asyncio
-from datetime import datetime
-import importlib
-import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
-import warnings
+Importing this module executes the whole api component package, which pulls
+in the validation stack. CLI code paths should import esphome.api_client
+directly so the logs fast path stays light.
+"""
 
-# Suppress protobuf version warnings
-with warnings.catch_warnings():
-    warnings.filterwarnings(
-        "ignore", category=UserWarning, message=".*Protobuf gencode version.*"
-    )
-    from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, parse_log_message
-    from aioesphomeapi.log_runner import async_run
+from esphome.api_client import async_run_logs, run_logs
 
-import contextlib
-
-from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_PORT, __version__
-from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
-from esphome.util import safe_print
-
-from . import CONF_ENCRYPTION
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import (
-        SubscribeLogsResponse,  # pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
-    )
-
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class _LogLineProcessor:
-    """Feeds incoming log lines to the stack-trace decoder.
-
-    Two responsibilities beyond just calling the decoder:
-    1. Catch EsphomeError. on_log runs inside an asyncio protocol
-       callback; if an exception escapes, the loop tears the transport
-       down with "Fatal error: protocol.data_received() call failed."
-       and ReconnectLogic immediately reconnects, the device replays
-       the same crash trace, and we loop forever.
-    2. Disable decoding after the first failure. _decode_pc shells out
-       to PlatformIO via _run_idedata, which is expensive; a single
-       crash dump can contain many PC/BT lines and we don't want to
-       retry the failing subprocess for each one.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any], platform_handler: Any | None) -> None:
-        self._config = config
-        self._platform_handler = platform_handler
-        self._decode_enabled = True
-        self.backtrace_state = False
-
-    def process_line(self, raw_line: str) -> None:
-        if not self._decode_enabled:
-            return
-        try:
-            if self._platform_handler is not None:
-                self.backtrace_state = self._platform_handler(
-                    self._config, raw_line, self.backtrace_state
-                )
-        except EsphomeError as exc:
-            self._decode_enabled = False
-            self.backtrace_state = False
-            # _run_idedata raises EsphomeError with no message; fall back
-            # to a generic explanation when str(exc) is empty.
-            detail = str(exc) or "build artifacts not found locally"
-            _LOGGER.warning(
-                "Crash trace decoding unavailable: %s. "
-                "Run 'esphome compile' for this device to enable PC decoding.",
-                detail,
-            )
-
-
-async def async_run_logs(
-    config: dict[str, Any],
-    addresses: list[str],
-    subscribe_states: bool = True,
-) -> None:
-    """Run the logs command in the event loop."""
-    conf = config["api"]
-    name = config["esphome"]["name"]
-    port: int = int(conf[CONF_PORT])
-    noise_psk: str | None = None
-    if (encryption := conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) and (key := encryption.get(CONF_KEY)):
-        noise_psk = key
-
-    if len(addresses) == 1:
-        _LOGGER.info("Starting log output from %s using esphome API", addresses[0])
-    else:
-        _LOGGER.info(
-            "Starting log output from %s using esphome API", " or ".join(addresses)
-        )
-
-    cli = APIClient(
-        addresses[0],  # Primary address for compatibility
-        port,
-        "",  # Password auth removed in 2026.1.0
-        client_info=f"ESPHome Logs {__version__}",
-        noise_psk=noise_psk,
-        addresses=addresses,  # Pass all addresses for automatic retry
-        provide_time=False,
-    )
-
-    # Try platform-specific stacktrace handler first, fall back to generic
-    platform_process_stacktrace = None
-    try:
-        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
-        platform_process_stacktrace = module.process_stacktrace
-    except (AttributeError, ImportError):
-        _LOGGER.info(
-            'Stacktrace analysis is unavailable: no compatible analyzer found for target platform "%s".',
-            CORE.target_platform,
-        )
-
-    processor = _LogLineProcessor(config, platform_process_stacktrace)
-
-    def on_log(msg: SubscribeLogsResponse) -> None:
-        """Handle a new log message."""
-        time_ = datetime.now().astimezone()
-        message: bytes = msg.message
-        text = message.decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
-        nanoseconds = time_.microsecond // 1000
-        timestamp = (
-            f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}.{nanoseconds:03}]"
-        )
-        for parsed_msg in parse_log_message(text, timestamp):
-            # safe_print handles the dashboard \033 escaping and falls back
-            # to backslashreplace encoding on stdouts that can't represent
-            # the wifi signal-bar block characters (Windows redirected
-            # cp1252 pipe).
-            safe_print(parsed_msg)
-        for raw_line in text.splitlines():
-            processor.process_line(raw_line)
-
-    # Safe to fall back to plaintext here only for this diagnostics use
-    # case: the stream is one-way from device to client, and this code
-    # never accepts commands or acts on any message the device sends.
-    # An on-path attacker could still both inject fabricated log lines
-    # and passively read the device's log output (and any state data
-    # delivered when subscribe_states is enabled), so this does lose
-    # confidentiality as well as authentication/integrity. That tradeoff
-    # is acceptable for operator-visible logs, which aioesphomeapi also
-    # warns may come from an unverified device. Never mirror this opt-in
-    # for any connection that sends data to the device or uses Home
-    # Assistant actions.
-    stop = await async_run(
-        cli,
-        on_log,
-        name=name,
-        subscribe_states=subscribe_states,
-        allow_plaintext_fallback=True,
-    )
-    try:
-        await asyncio.Event().wait()
-    finally:
-        await stop()
-
-
-def run_logs(
-    config: dict[str, Any],
-    addresses: list[str],
-    subscribe_states: bool = True,
-) -> None:
-    """Run the logs command."""
-    with contextlib.suppress(KeyboardInterrupt):
-        asyncio.run(
-            async_run_logs(config, addresses, subscribe_states=subscribe_states)
-        )
+__all__ = ["async_run_logs", "run_logs"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
index f9e645b506..57ff616ca7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
@@ -95,9 +95,17 @@ bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_end() { return this->client_->send_list_info_done(
 ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(client) {}
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+// Yield after every Nth service; bounds direct (non-batched) writes per loop pass
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_YIELD_INTERVAL = 3;
+
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
   auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
-  return this->client_->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->client_->send_message(resp))
+    return false;
+  // at_ is this service's index
+  if ((this->at_ + 1) % SERVICE_YIELD_INTERVAL == 0)
+    this->yield_after_step_();
+  return true;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index f058f6af22..a226e080e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -684,11 +684,6 @@ class ProtoSize {
     return value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_1_BYTE ? 1 : (value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_2_BYTE ? 2 : 3);
   }
 
-  // Varint encoded length for an 8-bit value (1 or 2 bytes).
-  static constexpr inline uint8_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE varint8(uint8_t value) {
-    return value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_1_BYTE ? 1 : 2;
-  }
-
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint32_t value as a varint
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/aqi/__init__.py
index 4b979ab406..17d434294a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ AQICalculatorType = aqi_ns.enum("AQICalculatorType")
 
 CONF_AQI = "aqi"
 CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE = "calculation_type"
+CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE = "extended_range"
 
 AQI_CALCULATION_TYPE = {
     "CAQI": AQICalculatorType.CAQI_TYPE,
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/abstract_aqi_calculator.h b/esphome/components/aqi/abstract_aqi_calculator.h
index 299962fa17..6b4c9c5e04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/abstract_aqi_calculator.h
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/abstract_aqi_calculator.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace esphome::aqi {
 
 class AbstractAQICalculator {
  public:
-  virtual uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value) = 0;
+  virtual uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value, bool extended_range) = 0;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::aqi
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h
index bb8e402280..56b6069118 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h
@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@ namespace esphome::aqi {
 
 class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
  public:
-  uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value) override {
-    float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
-    float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
+  uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value, bool extended_range) override {
+    float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID, extended_range);
+    float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID, extended_range);
     float aqi = std::max({pm2_5_index, pm10_0_index, 0.0f});
+    // extended_range lets the index run past the standard maximum, so clamp to the sensor's range.
+    aqi = std::min(aqi, static_cast<float>(std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()));
     return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::lround(aqi));
   }
 
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
       {35.5f, 55.5f},
       {55.5f, 125.5f},
       {125.5f, 225.5f},
-      {225.5f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      {225.5f, 500.4f}  // EPA 2024: AQI 301-500 maps to PM2.5 225.5-500.4 ug/m3
       // clang-format on
   };
 
@@ -41,11 +43,11 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
       {155.0f, 255.0f},
       {255.0f, 355.0f},
       {355.0f, 425.0f},
-      {425.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      {425.0f, 604.0f}  // EPA: AQI 301-500 maps to PM10 425-604 ug/m3 (top of the 401-500 band)
       // clang-format on
   };
 
-  static float calculate_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
+  static float calculate_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2], bool extended_range) {
     int grid_index = get_grid_index(value, array);
     if (grid_index == -1) {
       return -1.0f;
@@ -55,14 +57,22 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
     float conc_lo = array[grid_index][0];
     float conc_hi = array[grid_index][1];
 
-    return (value - conc_lo) * (aqi_hi - aqi_lo) / (conc_hi - conc_lo) + aqi_lo;
+    float index = (value - conc_lo) * (aqi_hi - aqi_lo) / (conc_hi - conc_lo) + aqi_lo;
+
+    // Concentrations above the highest breakpoint run the linear fit past aqi_hi. By default we
+    // clamp to the standard maximum; with extended_range we keep the extrapolated "over-range"
+    // value so heavy pollution reports numbers beyond what the standard defines.
+    if (grid_index == NUM_LEVELS - 1 && !extended_range && index > aqi_hi) {
+      return aqi_hi;
+    }
+    return index;
   }
 
   static int get_grid_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEVELS; i++) {
-      const bool in_range =
-          (value >= array[i][0]) && ((i == NUM_LEVELS - 1) ? (value <= array[i][1])   // last bucket inclusive
-                                                           : (value < array[i][1]));  // others exclusive on hi
+      // The top band is open-ended: any value at or above its lower breakpoint falls into it,
+      // and calculate_index() decides whether to clamp or extrapolate.
+      const bool in_range = (value >= array[i][0]) && (i == NUM_LEVELS - 1 || value < array[i][1]);
       if (in_range) {
         return i;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp
index 2d8a780cc7..4bb964d5ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ void AQISensor::setup() {
 void AQISensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "AQI Sensor:");
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Calculation Type: %s", this->aqi_calc_type_ == AQI_TYPE ? "AQI" : "CAQI");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Extended Range: %s", this->extended_range_ ? "enabled" : "disabled");
   if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  PM2.5 Sensor: '%s'", this->pm_2_5_sensor_->get_name().c_str());
   }
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ void AQISensor::calculate_aqi_() {
     return;
   }
 
-  uint16_t aqi = calculator->get_aqi(this->pm_2_5_value_, this->pm_10_0_value_);
+  uint16_t aqi = calculator->get_aqi(this->pm_2_5_value_, this->pm_10_0_value_, this->extended_range_);
   this->publish_state(aqi);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.h b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.h
index aa64fa5a4d..464c088188 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ class AQISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   void set_pm_2_5_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->pm_2_5_sensor_ = sensor; }
   void set_pm_10_0_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->pm_10_0_sensor_ = sensor; }
   void set_aqi_calculation_type(AQICalculatorType type) { this->aqi_calc_type_ = type; }
+  void set_extended_range(bool extended_range) { this->extended_range_ = extended_range; }
 
  protected:
   void calculate_aqi_();
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ class AQISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   sensor::Sensor *pm_2_5_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *pm_10_0_sensor_{nullptr};
   AQICalculatorType aqi_calc_type_{AQI_TYPE};
+  bool extended_range_{false};
   AQICalculatorFactory aqi_calculator_factory_;
 
   float pm_2_5_value_{NAN};
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h b/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h
index 3f6da45aa9..56a98682d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h
@@ -9,25 +9,28 @@ namespace esphome::aqi {
 
 class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
  public:
-  uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value) override {
+  // The CAQI (CITEAIR) scale defines no maximum: its top "Very high" class is simply ">100". We
+  // therefore always extrapolate the top band past 100 without limit, so the extended_range flag
+  // (which lifts the AQI calculator's fixed 500 cap) has no meaning here and is ignored.
+  uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value, bool /*extended_range*/) override {
     float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
     float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
     float aqi = std::max({pm2_5_index, pm10_0_index, 0.0f});
+    aqi = std::min(aqi, static_cast<float>(std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()));
     return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::lround(aqi));
   }
 
  protected:
-  static constexpr int NUM_LEVELS = 5;
+  static constexpr int NUM_LEVELS = 4;
 
-  static constexpr int INDEX_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 25}, {26, 50}, {51, 75}, {76, 100}, {101, 400}};
+  static constexpr int INDEX_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 25}, {26, 50}, {51, 75}, {76, 100}};
 
   static constexpr float PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
       // clang-format off
       {0.0f, 15.1f},
       {15.1f, 30.1f},
       {30.1f, 55.1f},
-      {55.1f, 110.1f},
-      {110.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      {55.1f, 110.1f}
       // clang-format on
   };
 
@@ -36,8 +39,7 @@ class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
       {0.0f, 25.1f},
       {25.1f, 50.1f},
       {50.1f, 90.1f},
-      {90.1f, 180.1f},
-      {180.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      {90.1f, 180.1f}
       // clang-format on
   };
 
@@ -52,14 +54,15 @@ class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
     float conc_lo = array[grid_index][0];
     float conc_hi = array[grid_index][1];
 
+    // The top band is open-ended (see get_grid_index), so for concentrations above the last
+    // breakpoint this linear fit extrapolates past 100 unbounded, matching CAQI's open ">100" class.
     return (value - conc_lo) * (aqi_hi - aqi_lo) / (conc_hi - conc_lo) + aqi_lo;
   }
 
   static int get_grid_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEVELS; i++) {
-      const bool in_range =
-          (value >= array[i][0]) && ((i == NUM_LEVELS - 1) ? (value <= array[i][1])   // last bucket inclusive
-                                                           : (value < array[i][1]));  // others exclusive on hi
+      // The top band is open-ended: any value at or above its lower breakpoint falls into it.
+      const bool in_range = (value >= array[i][0]) && (i == NUM_LEVELS - 1 || value < array[i][1]);
       if (in_range) {
         return i;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py
index 5842aea88c..a98d977227 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py
@@ -7,15 +7,27 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from . import AQI_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE, aqi_ns
+from . import AQI_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE, aqi_ns
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jasstrong"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["sensor"]
 
 AQISensor = aqi_ns.class_("AQISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+
+def _validate_extended_range(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE in config and config[CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE] == "CAQI":
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE}' is not supported with 'calculation_type: CAQI'. "
+            "CAQI has no maximum value by specification, so it is always reported unbounded.",
+            [CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         AQISensor,
         accuracy_decimals=0,
@@ -29,13 +41,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Required(CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE): cv.enum(
                 AQI_CALCULATION_TYPE, upper=True
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_extended_range,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -46,3 +60,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_pm_10_0_sensor(pm_10_0_sensor))
 
     cg.add(var.set_aqi_calculation_type(config[CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_extended_range(config.get(CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE, False)))
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py
index 70015c53b9..bd02d22d1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TUNE_ANTENNA,
     CONF_WATCHDOG_THRESHOLD,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ AS3935_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_as3935(var, config):
+async def setup_as3935(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     irq_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_IRQ_PIN])
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py
index 10004e69dc..929b653294 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import AS3935, CONF_AS3935_ID
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AS3935_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(hub.set_thunder_alert_binary_sensor(var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py b/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py
index 9b43155563..b727b8fdb9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_KILOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import AS3935, CONF_AS3935_ID
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AS3935_ID])
 
     if distance_config := config.get(CONF_DISTANCE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py
index 09b588cb0c..83924de760 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import as3935, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["as3935"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await as3935.setup_as3935(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/as3935_i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/as3935_i2c.cpp
index 4c1020daa7..b3d015114f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/as3935_i2c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935_i2c/as3935_i2c.cpp
@@ -24,11 +24,7 @@ void I2CAS3935Component::write_register(uint8_t reg, uint8_t mask, uint8_t bits,
 
 uint8_t I2CAS3935Component::read_register(uint8_t reg) {
   uint8_t value;
-  if (write(&reg, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Writing register failed!");
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (read(&value, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  if (!this->read_byte(reg, &value)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reading register failed!");
     return 0;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py
index f4cf07a906..332a51c7a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import as3935, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["as3935"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await as3935.setup_as3935(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
index c05e556376..780712c3bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
@@ -11,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RANGE,
     CONF_WATCHDOG,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ammmze"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -72,13 +76,13 @@ POSITION_TO_ANGLE = 360 / RESOLUTION
 MIN_RANGE = round(18 * ANGLE_TO_POSITION)
 
 
-def angle(min=-360, max=360):
+def angle(min: float = -360, max: float = 360) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.All(
         cv.float_with_unit("angle", "(°|deg)"), cv.float_range(min=min, max=max)
     )
 
 
-def angle_to_position(value, min=-360, max=360):
+def angle_to_position(value: Any, min: float = -360, max: float = 360) -> int:
     try:
         value = angle(min=min, max=max)(value)
         return (RESOLUTION + round(value * ANGLE_TO_POSITION)) % RESOLUTION
@@ -86,17 +90,17 @@ def angle_to_position(value, min=-360, max=360):
         raise cv.Invalid(f"When using angle, {e.error_message}") from e
 
 
-def percent_to_position(value):
+def percent_to_position(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.possibly_negative_percentage(value)
     return (RESOLUTION + round(value * RESOLUTION)) % RESOLUTION
 
 
-def position(min=-MAX_POSITION, max=MAX_POSITION):
+def position(min: int = -MAX_POSITION, max: int = MAX_POSITION) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Validate that the config option is a position.
     Accepts integers, degrees, or percentage (of 360 degrees).
     """
 
-    def validator(value):
+    def validator(value: Any) -> int:
         if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith("%"):
             value = percent_to_position(value)
 
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ def position(min=-MAX_POSITION, max=MAX_POSITION):
     return validator
 
 
-def position_range():
+def position_range() -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Validate that value given is a valid range for the device.
     A valid range is one of the following:
     - a value of 0 (meaning full range)
@@ -129,7 +133,7 @@ def position_range():
         zero_validator,
     )
 
-    def validator(value):
+    def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
         is_negative_str = isinstance(value, str) and value.startswith("-")
         is_negative_num = isinstance(value, (float, int)) and value < 0
         if is_negative_str or is_negative_num:
@@ -139,13 +143,13 @@ def position_range():
     return validator
 
 
-def has_valid_range_config():
+def has_valid_range_config() -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
     """Validate that that the config start + end position results in a valid
     positional range, which must be >= 18degrees
     """
     range_validator = position_range()
 
-    def validator(config):
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         # if we don't have an end position, then there is nothing to do
         if CONF_END_POSITION not in config:
             return config
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
index cf67a3f203..847b89f121 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ROTATE_RIGHT,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import AS5600Component, as5600_ns
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_AS5600_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py b/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py
index fa51a1cdfa..f70c5e999f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLEAR,
     CONF_GAIN,
     CONF_ID,
-    DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mrgnr"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ SENSOR_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
     accuracy_decimals=0,
-    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ SENSORS = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py
index 2a07903b68..31007022d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
     if (
         not CORE.is_esp32
         and not CORE.is_esp8266
-        and not CORE.is_rp2040
+        and not CORE.is_rp2
         and not CORE.is_libretiny
     ):
         return ["socket"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK_TRANSPORT)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         # https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
         from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     elif CORE.is_esp8266:
         # https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP
         cg.add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP", "2.0.0")
-    elif CORE.is_rp2040:
+    elif CORE.is_rp2:
         # https://github.com/ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP
         # RPAsyncTCP is a drop-in replacement for AsyncTCP_RP2040W with better
         # ESPAsyncWebServer compatibility
@@ -47,6 +48,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
     # Exclude socket implementation for platforms that use AsyncTCP libraries
-    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2040 or CORE.is_libretiny:
+    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2 or CORE.is_libretiny:
         return ["async_tcp_socket.cpp"]
     return []
diff --git a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp.h b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp.h
index 21fcfe239f..0906a07844 100644
--- a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp.h
+++ b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
 // Use ESPAsyncTCP library for ESP8266 (always Arduino)
 #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
 // Use RPAsyncTCP library for RP2040
 #include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp
index e8c0f163b3..10cbc981c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "async_tcp_socket.h"
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
     (defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS))
 
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.h b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.h
index 28714a7752..3b17fe14df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
     (defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS))
 
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
index 5031b72cce..193e62f615 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@X-Ryl669"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -91,7 +94,12 @@ AT581XSettingsAction = at581x_ns.class_("AT581XSettingsAction", automation.Actio
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def at581x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def at581x_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -163,7 +171,12 @@ RADAR_SETTINGS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     RADAR_SETTINGS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def at581x_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def at581x_settings_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py
index 8e1b82b356..7e45ed89ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ICON_WIFI
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_AT581X_ID, AT581XComponent, at581x_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     at581x_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
     s = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
index f8bbd9d55e..22cb2b3150 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "atc_mithermometer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "atc_mithermometer";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void ATCMiThermometer::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Voltage", this->battery_voltage_);
 }
 
-bool ATCMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool ATCMiThermometer::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ bool ATCMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<ParseResult> ATCMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<ParseResult> ATCMiThermometer::parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   ParseResult result;
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0x1A, 0x18)) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): no service data UUID magic bytes.");
@@ -65,12 +63,11 @@ optional<ParseResult> ATCMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::S
     return {};
   }
 
-  static uint8_t last_frame_count = 0;
-  if (last_frame_count == raw[12]) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): duplicate data packet received (%hhu).", last_frame_count);
+  if (this->last_frame_count_ == raw[12]) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): duplicate data packet received (%hhu).", this->last_frame_count_);
     return {};
   }
-  last_frame_count = raw[12];
+  this->last_frame_count_ = raw[12];
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -133,5 +130,3 @@ bool ATCMiThermometer::report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, cons
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h
index 3dde5f1868..3f5ca4c784 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer {
 
 struct ParseResult {
@@ -18,11 +16,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
   int raw_offset;
 };
 
-class ATCMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class ATCMiThermometer final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -38,11 +36,11 @@ class ATCMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBT
   sensor::Sensor *battery_voltage_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *signal_strength_{nullptr};
 
-  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+  uint8_t last_frame_count_{0};
+
+  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const char *address);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::atc_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py
index 5286d29d1b..184b2e8733 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,17 +21,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ahpohl"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 atc_mithermometer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("atc_mithermometer")
 ATCMiThermometer = atc_mithermometer_ns.class_(
-    "ATCMiThermometer", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "ATCMiThermometer", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("atc_mithermometer"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ATCMiThermometer),
@@ -71,15 +73,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py b/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py
index 5941cb35b4..87db214233 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_METER_CONSTANT = "meter_constant"
 CONF_PL_CONST = "pl_const"
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py
index 19f62ccfbd..274cce6adb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_SCALE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if run_gain := config.get(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py
index 848680b875..9c2865dde3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_AMPERE,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if voltage_cfg := config.get(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py
index dc46138add..38b24c7cf6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import atm90e32_ns
 
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_instance_id(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py
index ab96f6c207..30585cb873 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if phase_cfg := config.get(CONF_PHASE_STATUS):
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
index d87f32fc36..2a5304be77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_component,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
+    require_certificate_bundle,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ring_buffer"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -125,10 +129,10 @@ CONF_THREADSAFE = "threadsafe"
 _MEMORY_LOCATION_VALIDATOR = cv.one_of(*MEMORY_LOCATIONS, lower=True)
 
 
-def _maybe_empty_codec(schema):
+def _maybe_empty_codec(schema: cv.Schema) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     """Wrap a codec dict schema so that a bare key (None value) is treated as an empty dict."""
 
-    def validator(value):
+    def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
         if value is None:
             value = {}
         return schema(value)
@@ -200,14 +204,14 @@ def set_stream_limits(
     max_channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
     min_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
     max_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
-):
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], None]:
     """Sets the limits for the audio stream that audio component can handle
 
     When the component sinks audio (e.g., a speaker), these indicate the limits to the audio it can receive.
     When the component sources audio (e.g., a microphone), these indicate the limits to the audio it can send.
     """
 
-    def set_limits_in_config(config):
+    def set_limits_in_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if min_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = min_bits_per_sample
         if max_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
     sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
     enabled_channels: list[int] = cv.UNDEFINED,
     audio_device_issue: bool = False,
-):
+) -> cv.Schema:
     """Validates audio compatibility when passed between different components.
 
     The component derived from ``AUDIO_COMPONENT_SCHEMA`` should call ``set_stream_limits`` in a validator to specify its compatible settings
@@ -251,7 +255,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
         audio_device_issue (bool, optional): Format the error message to indicate the problem is in the configuration for the ``audio_device`` component. Defaults to False.
     """
 
-    def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config):
+    def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         audio_schema = {}
 
         if bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
@@ -329,9 +333,11 @@ def _emit_memory_pair(value: str | None, psram_key: str, internal_key: str) -> N
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(internal_key, True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+    # HTTPS streams verify the server against the root certificate bundle
+    require_certificate_bundle()
 
     add_idf_component(
         name="esphome/esp-audio-libs",
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             data.wav_support = True
 
     if data.micro_decoder_support:
-        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-decoder", ref="0.2.0")
+        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-decoder", ref="0.4.0")
 
         # All codecs are enabled by default in micro-decoder, so disable the ones that aren't requested to save flash
         if not data.flac_support:
@@ -380,6 +386,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_MP3", False)
         if not data.opus_support:
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_OPUS", False)
+        # Vorbis is unsupported in ESPHome, so always disable it
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_VORBIS", False)
         if not data.wav_support:
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MICRO_DECODER_CODEC_WAV", False)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
index b0aa3c1abb..402e741059 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ AudioFileType detect_audio_file_type(const char *content_type, const char *url)
     // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
     // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
     // Plain "audio/ogg" without opus is not matched (almost always Ogg Vorbis)
-    if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
+    if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && str_contains_ignore_case(content_type + 9, "opus")) {
       return AudioFileType::OPUS;
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
index 3c3a4988b5..c2bdfb6cb0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN
-from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -28,7 +30,12 @@ SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -39,6 +46,6 @@ async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_ADC")
     cg.add_global(audio_adc_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
index 46c277ce51..1351793afd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VOLUME
-from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -37,7 +39,12 @@ SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 @automation.register_action(
     "audio_dac.mute_on", MuteOnAction, MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -48,7 +55,12 @@ async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -59,6 +71,6 @@ async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_DAC")
     cg.add_global(audio_dac_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
index 53193c8008..d59ed7411a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
@@ -113,7 +113,9 @@ def read_audio_file_and_type(file_config: ConfigType) -> tuple[bytes, MockObj]:
     media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["NONE"]
     if file_type == "wav":
         media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["WAV"]
-    elif file_type in ("mp3", "mpeg", "mpga"):
+    elif file_type in ("mp1", "mp2", "mp3", "mpeg", "mpga"):
+        # With puremagic >=2.0 this can cause some MP3 (Layer III) files to be labeled as "mp1"/"mp2".
+        # Treat those labels as MP3 so we still pick the MP3 decoder.
         media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["MP3"]
     elif file_type == "flac":
         media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["FLAC"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp
index 04b7d046e6..fb8620f7d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ void AudioHTTPMediaSource::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Audio HTTP Media Source:\n"
                 "  Buffer Size: %zu bytes\n"
+                "  Persistent Ring Buffer: %s\n"
                 "  Decoder Task Stack in PSRAM: %s",
-                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
+                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->persistent_ring_buffer_), YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
 }
 
 void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
 
   micro_decoder::DecoderConfig config;
   config.ring_buffer_size = this->buffer_size_;
+  config.persistent_ring_buffer = this->persistent_ring_buffer_;
   // Keep the transfer buffer smaller than the ring buffer so the reader can top up the ring
   // while the decoder is still draining it, instead of oscillating between empty and full.
   config.transfer_buffer_size = std::min(DEFAULT_TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE, this->buffer_size_ / 2);
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h
index f794aa1f02..a97025e53e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class AudioHTTPMediaSource final : public Component,
 
   void set_buffer_size(size_t buffer_size) { this->buffer_size_ = buffer_size; }
   void set_task_stack_in_psram(bool task_stack_in_psram) { this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_ = task_stack_in_psram; }
+  void set_persistent_ring_buffer(bool persistent) { this->persistent_ring_buffer_ = persistent; }
 
   // MediaSource interface implementation
   bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ class AudioHTTPMediaSource final : public Component,
   // on_audio_write(). Must be atomic to avoid a data race.
   std::atomic<bool> pause_{false};
   bool decoder_task_stack_in_psram_{false};
+  bool persistent_ring_buffer_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::audio_http
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py b/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py
index e8acbc81af..14543957e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 
+CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER = "persistent_ring_buffer"
+
 audio_http_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio_http")
 AudioHTTPMediaSource = audio_http_ns.class_(
     "AudioHTTPMediaSource", cg.Component, media_source.MediaSource
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 min=5000, max=1000000
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM): psram.validate_task_stack_in_psram,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
@@ -45,3 +48,4 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_task_stack_in_psram(True))
         psram.request_external_task_stack()
     cg.add(var.set_buffer_size(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_persistent_ring_buffer(config[CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 8c18d8ca75..2616cb281b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import axs15231_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
index 160d22a5b6..e0ae824b0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "b_parasite.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::b_parasite {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "b_parasite";
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ void BParasite::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool BParasite::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool BParasite::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -113,5 +111,3 @@ bool BParasite::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::b_parasite
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h
index 1d5ac6e702..65540e82fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::b_parasite {
 
-class BParasite final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class BParasite final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const std::string &bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_battery_voltage(sensor::Sensor *battery_voltage) { battery_voltage_ = battery_voltage; }
@@ -35,5 +33,3 @@ class BParasite final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceL
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::b_parasite
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py b/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py
index 041303ad8b..cb8f569c0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE,
@@ -20,17 +20,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rbaron"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 b_parasite_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("b_parasite")
 BParasite = b_parasite_ns.class_(
-    "BParasite", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "BParasite", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("b_parasite"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BParasite),
@@ -68,15 +70,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py b/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py
index 1127084632..c4d64cd692 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ballu/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bazuchan"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ BalluClimate = ballu_ns.class_("BalluClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(BalluClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py b/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py
index bfdb12278f..65c5eaed18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_IDLE_ACTION,
     CONF_SENSOR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 bang_bang_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bang_bang")
 BangBangClimate = bang_bang_ns.class_("BangBangClimate", climate.Climate, cg.Component)
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py
index d4bf813846..1b967e665a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT, CONF_TIME_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jhansche"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
@@ -32,12 +34,12 @@ BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def register_bedjet_child(var, config):
+async def register_bedjet_child(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BEDJET_ID])
     cg.add(parent.register_child(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py
index 4de9dcca0b..36650d643c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HEAT_MODE, CONF_TEMPERATURE_SOURCE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py
index a4a611fefc..f5dfe32f4c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py
index fa9ca7953e..595e798e49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index 4e22489844..0cf970b3cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -37,15 +37,15 @@ namespace esphome::beken_spi_led_strip {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "beken_spi_led_strip";
 
-struct spi_data_t {
+struct SpiData {
   SemaphoreHandle_t dma_tx_semaphore;
   volatile bool tx_in_progress;
   bool first_run;
 };
 
-static spi_data_t *spi_data = nullptr;
+static SpiData *spi_data = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-static void set_spi_ctrl_register(unsigned long bit, bool val) {
+static void set_spi_ctrl_register(uint32_t bit, bool val) {
   uint32_t value = REG_READ(SPI_CTRL);
   if (val == 0) {
     value &= ~bit;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static void set_spi_ctrl_register(unsigned long bit, bool val) {
   REG_WRITE(SPI_CTRL, value);
 }
 
-static void set_spi_config_register(unsigned long bit, bool val) {
+static void set_spi_config_register(uint32_t bit, bool val) {
   uint32_t value = REG_READ(SPI_CONFIG);
   if (val == 0) {
     value &= ~bit;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static void set_spi_config_register(unsigned long bit, bool val) {
 
 void spi_dma_tx_enable(bool enable) {
   GDMA_CFG_ST en_cfg;
-  set_spi_config_register(SPI_TX_EN, enable ? 1 : 0);
+  set_spi_config_register(SPI_TX_EN, enable);
   en_cfg.channel = SPI_TX_DMA_CHANNEL;
   en_cfg.param = enable ? 1 : 0;
   sddev_control(GDMA_DEV_NAME, CMD_GDMA_SET_DMA_ENABLE, &en_cfg);
@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ static void spi_set_clock(uint32_t max_hz) {
   param &= ~(SPI_CKR_MASK << SPI_CKR_POSI);
   param |= (div << SPI_CKR_POSI);
   REG_WRITE(SPI_CTRL, param);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "target frequency: %d, actual frequency: %d", max_hz, source_clk / 2 / div);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "target frequency: %" PRIu32 ", actual frequency: %d", max_hz, source_clk / 2 / div);
 }
 
 void spi_dma_tx_finish_callback(unsigned int param) {
   spi_data->tx_in_progress = false;
   xSemaphoreGive(spi_data->dma_tx_semaphore);
-  spi_dma_tx_enable(0);
+  spi_dma_tx_enable(false);
 }
 
 void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  spi_data = (spi_data_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(spi_data_t));
+  spi_data = (SpiData *) calloc(1, sizeof(SpiData));  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc)
   if (spi_data == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot allocate spi_data!");
     this->mark_failed();
@@ -177,20 +177,20 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
 
   spi_data->first_run = true;
 
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(MSTEN, 0);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(BIT_WDTH, 0);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(MSTEN, false);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(BIT_WDTH, false);
   spi_set_clock(this->spi_frequency_);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(CKPOL, 0);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(CKPHA, 0);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(MSTEN, 1);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(SPIEN, 1);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(CKPOL, false);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(CKPHA, false);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(MSTEN, true);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(SPIEN, true);
 
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(TXINT_EN, 0);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(RXINT_EN, 0);
-  set_spi_config_register(SPI_TX_FINISH_EN, 1);
-  set_spi_config_register(SPI_RX_FINISH_EN, 1);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(RXOVR_EN, 0);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(TXOVR_EN, 0);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(TXINT_EN, false);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(RXINT_EN, false);
+  set_spi_config_register(SPI_TX_FINISH_EN, true);
+  set_spi_config_register(SPI_RX_FINISH_EN, true);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(RXOVR_EN, false);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(TXOVR_EN, false);
 
   value = REG_READ(SPI_CTRL);
   value &= ~CTRL_NSSMD_3;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
 
   value = GFUNC_MODE_SPI_DMA;
   sddev_control(GPIO_DEV_NAME, CMD_GPIO_ENABLE_SECOND, &value);
-  set_spi_ctrl_register(SPI_S_CS_UP_INT_EN, 0);
+  set_spi_ctrl_register(SPI_S_CS_UP_INT_EN, false);
 
   GDMA_CFG_ST en_cfg;
   GDMACFG_TPYES_ST init_cfg;
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
   init_cfg.dstptr_incr = 0;
   init_cfg.srcptr_incr = 1;
   init_cfg.src_start_addr = this->dma_buf_;
-  init_cfg.dst_start_addr = (void *) SPI_DAT;  // SPI_DMA_REG4_TXFIFO
+  init_cfg.dst_start_addr = (void *) SPI_DAT;  // NOLINT(performance-no-int-to-ptr) SPI_DMA_REG4_TXFIFO
   init_cfg.channel = SPI_TX_DMA_CHANNEL;
   init_cfg.prio = 0;  // 10
   init_cfg.u.type4.src_loop_start_addr = this->dma_buf_;
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
   en_cfg.param = 0;
   sddev_control(GDMA_DEV_NAME, CMD_GDMA_CFG_SRCADDR_LOOP, &en_cfg);
 
-  spi_dma_tx_enable(0);
+  spi_dma_tx_enable(false);
 
   value = REG_READ(SPI_CONFIG);
   value &= ~(0xFFF << 8);
@@ -247,7 +247,8 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::set_led_params(uint8_t bit0, uint8_t bit1, uin
 void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
   // protect from refreshing too often
   uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (*this->max_refresh_rate_ != 0 && (now - this->last_refresh_) < *this->max_refresh_rate_) {
+  if (this->max_refresh_rate_.has_value() && *this->max_refresh_rate_ != 0 &&
+      (now - this->last_refresh_) < *this->max_refresh_rate_) {
     // try again next loop iteration, so that this change won't get lost
     this->schedule_show();
     return;
@@ -293,52 +294,18 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
   }
 
   spi_data->first_run = false;
-  spi_dma_tx_enable(1);
+  spi_dma_tx_enable(true);
 
   this->status_clear_warning();
 }
 
 light::ESPColorView BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::get_view_internal(int32_t index) const {
-  int32_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-  uint8_t multiplier = this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3;
-  uint8_t white = this->is_wrgb_ ? 0 : 3;
-
-  return {this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + r + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + g + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + b + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + white : nullptr,
+  const light::ChannelColors &colors = this->channel_colors_;
+  uint8_t *led = this->buf_ + (index * colors.bytes_per_led());
+  return {led + colors.r,
+          led + colors.g,
+          led + colors.b,
+          colors.has_white() ? led + colors.w : nullptr,
           &this->effect_data_[index],
           &this->correction_};
 }
@@ -348,35 +315,12 @@ void BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
                 "Beken SPI LED Strip:\n"
                 "  Pin: %u",
                 this->pin_);
-  const char *rgb_order;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      rgb_order = "RGB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      rgb_order = "RBG";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      rgb_order = "GRB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      rgb_order = "GBR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      rgb_order = "BGR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      rgb_order = "BRG";
-      break;
-    default:
-      rgb_order = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
+  char channel_colors[5];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  RGB Order: %s\n"
+                "  Channel colors: %s\n"
                 "  Max refresh rate: %" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %u",
-                rgb_order, *this->max_refresh_rate_, this->num_leds_);
+                this->channel_colors_.to_string(channel_colors), this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
 }
 
 float BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h
index 909634e266..1496e65d4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
 
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -10,15 +11,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::beken_spi_led_strip {
 
-enum RGBOrder : uint8_t {
-  ORDER_RGB,
-  ORDER_RBG,
-  ORDER_GRB,
-  ORDER_GBR,
-  ORDER_BGR,
-  ORDER_BRG,
-};
-
 class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -28,7 +20,7 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   int32_t size() const override { return this->num_leds_; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
     auto traits = light::LightTraits();
-    if (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_) {
+    if (this->channel_colors_.has_white()) {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE});
     } else {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
@@ -38,16 +30,13 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
 
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_num_leds(uint16_t num_leds) { this->num_leds_ = num_leds; }
-  void set_is_rgbw(bool is_rgbw) { this->is_rgbw_ = is_rgbw; }
-  void set_is_wrgb(bool is_wrgb) { this->is_wrgb_ = is_wrgb; }
+  void set_channel_colors(light::ChannelColors channel_colors) { this->channel_colors_ = channel_colors; }
 
   /// Set a maximum refresh rate in µs as some lights do not like being updated too often.
   void set_max_refresh_rate(uint32_t interval_us) { this->max_refresh_rate_ = interval_us; }
 
   void set_led_params(uint8_t bit0, uint8_t bit1, uint32_t spi_frequency);
 
-  void set_rgb_order(RGBOrder rgb_order) { this->rgb_order_ = rgb_order; }
-
   void clear_effect_data() override {
     for (int i = 0; i < this->size(); i++)
       this->effect_data_[i] = 0;
@@ -58,7 +47,7 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  protected:
   light::ESPColorView get_view_internal(int32_t index) const override;
 
-  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3); }
+  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * this->channel_colors_.bytes_per_led(); }
 
   uint8_t *buf_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *effect_data_{nullptr};
@@ -66,13 +55,11 @@ class BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
 
   uint8_t pin_;
   uint16_t num_leds_;
-  bool is_rgbw_;
-  bool is_wrgb_;
 
   uint32_t spi_frequency_{6666666};
   uint8_t bit0_{0xE0};
   uint8_t bit1_{0xFC};
-  RGBOrder rgb_order_;
+  light::ChannelColors channel_colors_{0, 1, 2, light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE};
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
   optional<uint32_t> max_refresh_rate_{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py
index 9093b08b62..5576f286f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import libretiny, light
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHIPSET,
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mat931"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["libretiny"]
@@ -22,17 +24,6 @@ BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput = beken_spi_led_strip_ns.class_(
     "BekenSPILEDStripLightOutput", light.AddressableLight
 )
 
-RGBOrder = beken_spi_led_strip_ns.enum("RGBOrder")
-
-RGB_ORDERS = {
-    "RGB": RGBOrder.ORDER_RGB,
-    "RBG": RGBOrder.ORDER_RBG,
-    "GRB": RGBOrder.ORDER_GRB,
-    "GBR": RGBOrder.ORDER_GBR,
-    "BGR": RGBOrder.ORDER_BGR,
-    "BRG": RGBOrder.ORDER_BRG,
-}
-
 
 @dataclass
 class LEDStripTimings:
@@ -57,8 +48,6 @@ CHIPSETS = {
 }
 
 
-CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
-
 SUPPORTED_PINS = {
     libretiny.const.FAMILY_BK7231N: [16],
     libretiny.const.FAMILY_BK7231T: [16],
@@ -67,7 +56,7 @@ SUPPORTED_PINS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_pin(value):
+def _validate_pin(value: int) -> int:
     family = libretiny.get_libretiny_family()
     if family not in SUPPORTED_PINS:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Chip family {family} is not supported.")
@@ -79,10 +68,9 @@ def _validate_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _validate_num_leds(value):
-    max_num_leds = 165  # 170
-    if value[CONF_IS_RGBW] or value[CONF_IS_WRGB]:
-        max_num_leds = 123  # 127
+def _validate_num_leds(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # A white channel makes each LED one byte wider, so fewer of them fit in the DMA buffer.
+    max_num_leds = 123 if "W" in value[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS] else 165  # 127 / 170
     if value[CONF_NUM_LEDS] > max_num_leds:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The maximum number of LEDs for this configuration is {max_num_leds}.",
@@ -99,18 +87,23 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number, _validate_pin
             ),
             cv.Required(CONF_NUM_LEDS): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Required(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.enum(RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS): light.validate_channel_colors,
+            # Deprecated in favour of CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, remove in 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.one_of(*light.RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
             cv.Required(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.one_of(*CHIPSETS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
+    light.migrate_channel_colors(
+        removed_in="2027.3.0", component="beken_spi_led_strip"
+    ),
     _validate_num_leds,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -130,6 +123,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
     )
 
-    cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(config[CONF_RGB_ORDER]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_rgbw(config[CONF_IS_RGBW]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_wrgb(config[CONF_IS_WRGB]))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_channel_colors(light.channel_colors_struct(config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]))
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
index 36af5aeef9..07272b3b4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_LUX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py
index a70db3555a..4ddffb7940 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@B48D81EFCC"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py
index dadcf52372..03a03ec7ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, CONF_OSCILLATION_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import binary_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py
index ebb22f4409..b6eddac341 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary/light/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import binary_ns
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.BINARY_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index a9a09363fc..1ab6f7103f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.automation import Condition, maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server, zigbee
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DELAY,
@@ -448,7 +449,9 @@ _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Exclusive(
                 CONF_TRIGGER_ON_INITIAL_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ON_INITIAL_STATE
             ): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
             cv.Optional(CONF_FILTERS): validate_filters,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PRESS): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RELEASE): automation.validate_automation({}),
@@ -558,6 +561,11 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 async def _build_binary_sensor_automations(var, config):
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
+    if config.get(CONF_ON_CLICK) or config.get(CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER")
+    if config.get(CONF_ON_MULTI_CLICK):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER")
+
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_CLICK, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
             conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var, conf[CONF_MIN_LENGTH], conf[CONF_MAX_LENGTH]
@@ -671,3 +679,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
 async def binary_sensor_invalidate_state_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+
+
+# automation.cpp only implements the click/double_click/multi_click triggers
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "automation.cpp": (
+            "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER",
+            "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER",
+        ),
+        "filter.cpp": "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
index b13e4a88dd..1a3c1f7536 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER) || defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER)
+
 #include "automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
+
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor.automation";
 
 // MultiClickTrigger timeout IDs.
@@ -120,6 +125,9 @@ void MultiClickTriggerBase::trigger_() {
   this->trigger();
 }
 
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
 bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
   if (max_length == 0) {
     return length >= min_length;
@@ -127,4 +135,8 @@ bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
     return length >= min_length && length <= max_length;
   }
 }
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
+
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER || USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py
index 965e332e28..f3133c0621 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     ICON_CHECK_CIRCLE_OUTLINE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["binary_sensor"]
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
index 3ffab0f3a5..e64237c95a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
     LibreTinyComponent,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import BK72XX_BOARD_PINS, BK72XX_BOARDS
 
@@ -45,25 +47,29 @@ COMPONENT_DATA = LibreTinyComponent(
 )
 
 
-def _set_core_data(config):
+def _set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] = COMPONENT_DATA
     return config
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA
+# extend({}) makes this platform's own schema instance: BASE_SCHEMA is shared
+# by every LibreTiny platform, and prepending this platform's _set_core_data
+# onto the shared object would run it for every platform's validation once two
+# platform modules are imported in one process (device-builder, tests).
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA.extend({})
 
 PIN_SCHEMA = libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA.prepend_extra(_set_core_data)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.component_to_code(config)
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("bk72xx", PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pin_to_code(config):
+async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74b9cb5954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""BK72xx BLE — BLE controller support for the BLE-5.x LibreTiny Beken chips.
+
+The platform analog of esp32_ble / rp2040_ble: owns the Beken BDK BLE stack
+bring-up and the controller BLE address. Consumers (bk72xx_ble_tracker) build
+on this component and contain no SDK calls of their own.
+
+Supported SoCs (BLE 5.x): BK7231N/BK7236 (BLE 5.1), BK7252N/BK7253 (BLE 5.2),
+and any future BLE-5.x SoC. BK7238 (BLE 5.2) is blocked for now: with BLE
+compiled in, the Beken SDK erases the bootloader flash sector at boot because
+LibreTiny's partition table has no BLE bonding entry (esphome#18646,
+libretiny-eu/libretiny#408). Known non-5.x families and BK7238 are rejected in
+to_code. Unknown families are capability-checked at compile time via
+`__has_include("app_ble.h")`, a header only on the BLE 5.x include path
+(ble_api.h ships for every SoC, so it cannot be the probe). A non-5.x build
+fails with a clear #error.
+
+No framework patch is needed: the LibreTiny beken-72xx builder already compiles
+and links the BLE 5.x stack (CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1 + CFG_BLE_VERSION=BLE_VERSION_5_x;
+prebuilt libble_<chip>.a per SoC). This component only calls into it via the
+public ble_api.h.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import libretiny
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
+    FAMILY_BK7231Q,
+    FAMILY_BK7231T,
+    FAMILY_BK7238,
+    FAMILY_BK7251,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["bk72xx"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Bl00d-B0b"]
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+bk72xx_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bk72xx_ble")
+BK72xxBLE = bk72xx_ble_ns.class_("BK72xxBLE", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BK72xxBLE),
+        # Default off: on the single-core BK72xx, bringing the BLE stack up during
+        # boot competes with the WiFi connection handshake. Consumers enable the
+        # stack lazily on first use (e.g. the tracker's first scan start).
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=False): cv.boolean,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+# Once per registered scan listener; sizes the controller's StaticVector
+# listener storage.
+request_scan_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT")
+
+
+def _unsupported_family_message(family: str) -> str | None:
+    if family in (FAMILY_BK7231T, FAMILY_BK7251):
+        return (
+            f"bk72xx_ble does not support {family}: this SoC has the Beken BLE 4.2 "
+            "stack; a BLE 5.x SoC such as BK7231N or BK7238 is required"
+        )
+    if family == FAMILY_BK7231Q:
+        return "bk72xx_ble does not support BK7231Q: this SoC has no BLE"
+    if family == FAMILY_BK7238:
+        return (
+            "bk72xx_ble is disabled on BK7238: with BLE compiled in, the Beken SDK "
+            "erases the bootloader flash sector at boot and the device can no longer "
+            "start (see https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/18646); support "
+            "returns once the LibreTiny partition table fix "
+            "(libretiny-eu/libretiny#408) is released"
+        )
+    return None
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Warn only: a hard error here would break the validate-only CI fixtures,
+    # which run on a BLE 4.2 board. The hard error is raised at codegen.
+    if msg := _unsupported_family_message(libretiny.get_libretiny_family()):
+        _LOGGER.warning("%s (this configuration cannot compile)", msg)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if msg := _unsupported_family_message(libretiny.get_libretiny_family()):
+        raise EsphomeError(msg)
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
+
+    # Enable the BLE stack in the build (the '#h' maps to sys_config.h; the value
+    # is a list). ESPHome's libretiny platform normally appends CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=0
+    # on BK7231N/BK7238 (saves ~21KB RAM/~200KB Flash when BLE is unused) to this
+    # SAME key — and add_platformio_option appends list values, it never replaces.
+    # The platform therefore skips its disable when this component is configured,
+    # so this =1 is the single CFG_SUPPORT_BLE define emitted.
+    cg.add_platformio_option("custom_options.sys_config#h", ["CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1"])
+
+    # Pin the Beken BDK release the BLE 5.x stack is validated against. The
+    # bundled 3.0.33 has an older BLE header/library layout — and with
+    # CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1 the SDK runs its BLE init unconditionally during boot
+    # (the reason the libretiny platform sets =0 when BLE is unused), so a
+    # mismatched BDK can crash the device before WiFi comes up regardless of
+    # enable_on_boot. Pinning here makes a plain config build against the
+    # validated BDK without any manual platformio_options.
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "bk72xx_ble builds with beken-bdk 3.0.78 instead of the platform's bundled "
+        "default: the default's older BLE layout can crash the device at boot when "
+        "BLE is compiled in"
+    )
+    cg.add_platformio_option("custom_versions.beken-bdk", "3.0.78")
+
+    # The BDK exposes the controller's BLE address as `common_default_bdaddr` on
+    # BK7231N, but NOT on BK7238 (its BLE stack has no such symbol; the address is
+    # derived from the WiFi MAC instead — the BDK's own fallback). Tell the C++
+    # which path is available so it doesn't reference a missing symbol.
+    if libretiny.get_libretiny_family() == FAMILY_BK7231N:
+        cg.add_define("BK72XX_BLE_HAS_COMMON_BDADDR")
+
+    cg.add_define("USE_BK72XX_BLE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f17f21c06b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Every SDK call the scan reconciler makes. The BDK's own start hardcodes
+// passive (the active bit is commented out in both stacks), so
+// bdk_scan_start() packs the GAPM_ACTIVITY_START_CMD itself, field-for-field
+// the SDK's app_ble_start_scaning() except that prop takes the mode, armed
+// through the SDK's own operation bookkeeping. The component pins
+// beken-bdk 3.0.78; the static asserts catch a layout change on a bump.
+
+#include "bdk_scan.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+// Same SDK gate as bk72xx_ble.cpp (which carries the explanatory #error).
+#if !defined(CLANG_TIDY) && __has_include("ble_api.h") && __has_include("app_ble.h")
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "app_ble.h"     // app_ble_env, app_ble_run, app_ble_reset, actv_state_t,
+                         // app_ble_actv_state_get, app_ble_env_state_get,
+                         // app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle, UNKNOW_ACT_IDX,
+                         // bk_ble_* (via ble_api_5_x.h)
+#include "kernel_msg.h"  // KERNEL_MSG_ALLOC, kernel_msg_send
+#if __has_include("gapm_msg.h")
+#include "gapm_msg.h"  // BLE 5.2 (BK7238/BK7252N): gapm_activity_start_cmd, GAPM_SCAN_*
+#else
+#include "gapm_task.h"  // BLE 5.1 (BK7231N/BK7236): same declarations, older header name
+#endif
+}
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bk72xx_ble";
+
+// Pin the SDK surface this file depends on: a beken-bdk bump that moves these
+// must fail the build, not corrupt the kernel message.
+static_assert(GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT == (1 << 0) && GAPM_SCAN_PROP_ACTIVE_1M_BIT == (1 << 2) &&
+                  sizeof(struct gapm_scan_param) == 16 && sizeof(struct gapm_scan_wd_op_param) == 4,
+              "beken-bdk GAPM scan layout changed; revalidate bdk_scan_start() "
+              "against the SDK's app_ble_start_scaning()");
+static_assert(INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX == UNKNOW_ACT_IDX,
+              "beken-bdk activity sentinel changed; revalidate the scan reconciler");
+static_assert(GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_EXT == 2 && GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG == 3 &&
+                  GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT == (1 << 5),
+              "beken-bdk GAPM report info changed; revalidate the tracker's demux constants");
+
+bool bdk_scan_ready() { return app_ble_env_state_get() == APP_BLE_READY; }
+
+BdkActivityState bdk_scan_state(uint8_t activity_idx) {
+  if (activity_idx == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX)
+    return BdkActivityState::IDLE;
+  switch (app_ble_actv_state_get(activity_idx)) {
+    case ACTV_IDLE:
+      return BdkActivityState::IDLE;
+    case ACTV_SCAN_CREATED:
+      return BdkActivityState::CREATED;
+    case ACTV_SCAN_STARTED:
+      return BdkActivityState::STARTED;
+    default:
+      return BdkActivityState::OTHER;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t bdk_scan_acquire_activity() {
+  uint8_t idx = app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle(SCAN_ACTV);
+  if (idx == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX)
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed: no idle activity handle");
+  return idx;
+}
+
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_create(uint8_t activity_idx) {
+  ble_err_t ret = bk_ble_create_scaning(activity_idx, nullptr);
+  if (ret == ERR_SUCCESS)
+    return BdkOpResult::OK;
+  if (ret == ERR_BLE_STATUS)
+    return BdkOpResult::BUSY;
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan activity create failed (err %d)", static_cast<int>(ret));
+  return BdkOpResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_start(uint8_t activity_idx, uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
+  app_ble_run(activity_idx, BLE_START_SCAN, 1 << BLE_OP_START_SCAN_POS, nullptr);
+  struct gapm_activity_start_cmd *cmd =
+      KERNEL_MSG_ALLOC(GAPM_ACTIVITY_START_CMD, TASK_BLE_GAPM, TASK_BLE_APP, gapm_activity_start_cmd);
+  if (cmd == nullptr) {
+    app_ble_reset();  // the SDK's own failure path for an unsent operation
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed: kernel message allocation");
+    return BdkOpResult::FAILED;
+  }
+  cmd->operation = GAPM_START_ACTIVITY;
+  cmd->actv_idx = app_ble_env.actvs[activity_idx].gap_advt_idx;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.type = GAPM_SCAN_TYPE_OBSERVER;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.prop = GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT | (active ? GAPM_SCAN_PROP_ACTIVE_1M_BIT : 0);
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_1m.scan_intv = interval;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_1m.scan_wd = window;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_coded.scan_intv = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.scan_param_coded.scan_wd = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.dup_filt_pol = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.rsvd = 0;
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.duration = 0;  // scan until stopped
+  cmd->u_param.scan_param.period = 10;   // matches the SDK's passive start
+  kernel_msg_send(cmd);
+  return BdkOpResult::OK;
+}
+
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_release(uint8_t activity_idx, bool created, int *err_out) {
+  ble_err_t ret = created ? bk_ble_delete_scaning(activity_idx, nullptr) : bk_ble_scan_stop(activity_idx, nullptr);
+  *err_out = static_cast<int>(ret);
+  if (ret == ERR_SUCCESS)
+    return BdkOpResult::OK;
+  // DEBUG on purpose: the reconciler WARNs once per streak and the stuck
+  // ERROR carries this code — a per-retry ERROR would be unbounded.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan release %s (err %d)", ret == ERR_BLE_STATUS ? "rejected" : "failed", static_cast<int>(ret));
+  return ret == ERR_BLE_STATUS ? BdkOpResult::BUSY : BdkOpResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
+
+#endif  // !CLANG_TIDY && ble_api.h && app_ble.h
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47bce2449d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
+
+/// Activity index value marking "no scan activity", the BDK's own convention
+/// (asserted against its symbol in bdk_scan.cpp).
+inline constexpr uint8_t INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX = 0xFF;
+
+/// Scan-relevant controller activity states, read live from the SDK.
+enum class BdkActivityState : uint8_t {
+  IDLE,     ///< No activity (or one whose create failed).
+  CREATED,  ///< Created but not started.
+  STARTED,  ///< Scanning.
+  OTHER,    ///< A non-scan or transitional state; settles on a later read.
+};
+
+/// Outcome of a BDK scan operation request.
+enum class BdkOpResult : uint8_t {
+  OK,      ///< Accepted; completion is asynchronous.
+  BUSY,    ///< Another controller operation is in flight; retry later.
+  FAILED,  ///< Rejected.
+};
+
+/// True when no controller operation is in flight (APP_BLE_READY).
+bool bdk_scan_ready();
+/// Live state of the given activity; INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX reads as IDLE.
+BdkActivityState bdk_scan_state(uint8_t activity_idx);
+/// Claim an idle activity slot; INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX when none is free.
+uint8_t bdk_scan_acquire_activity();
+/// Create the scan activity (asynchronous); started once CREATED is observed.
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_create(uint8_t activity_idx);
+/// Start a created activity: the packed GAPM start, taking the scan mode the
+/// BDK's own start path hardcodes away. Fire-and-forget; FAILED when the
+/// kernel message could not be allocated (the armed SDK operation is rolled
+/// back).
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_start(uint8_t activity_idx, uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
+/// Release the activity: delete when never started (a stop would be
+/// rejected), stop otherwise. BUSY on a transient rejection (retry), FAILED
+/// on any other error; err_out receives the SDK code (0 on success).
+/// Teardown is asynchronous — observe IDLE to confirm.
+BdkOpResult bdk_scan_release(uint8_t activity_idx, bool created, int *err_out);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52401114e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+// bk72xx_ble.cpp
+//
+// BLE controller support for the BK72xx BLE-5.x chips (LibreTiny beken-72xx
+// family) — the platform analog of esp32_ble / rp2040_ble. Owns everything that
+// talks to the Beken BDK BLE stack:
+//   - one-time stack bring-up (ble_set_notice_cb() + ble_entry()),
+//   - the controller BLE address,
+//   - the scan reconciler (request, pacing, bring-up budget) over the
+//     bdk_scan surface,
+//   - the scan-report ring: the BDK notice callback (BLE task) takes a report
+//     from a fixed pool and pushes it on a lock-free SPSC queue; loop() drains,
+//     dispatches on the main task and returns reports to the pool — the same
+//     EventPool + LockFreeQueue handoff esp32_ble uses, zero allocation at
+//     steady state.
+// Consumers contain no SDK calls of their own.
+//
+// NOTE: the Beken BDK BLE 5.x stack is compiled and linked by the LibreTiny
+// beken-72xx builder itself (prebuilt libble_<chip>.a + ble_5_x sources, gated
+// on CFG_SUPPORT_BLE / CFG_BLE_VERSION in sys_config.h). This component only
+// calls into it via the public ble_api.h — no framework patch is required.
+
+#include "bk72xx_ble.h"  // pulls esphome/core/defines.h for USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+#include "bdk_scan.h"  // the raw BDK scan surface (state reads, starts, release)
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"  // get_mac_address_raw()
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SDK-capability gate (not a chip allowlist).
+// This component drives the Beken BLE *5.x* controller. `ble_api.h` cannot be
+// the probe: it ships for every SoC (driver/include) and merely switches on
+// CFG_BLE_VERSION internally. `app_ble.h` is on the include path only when the
+// LibreTiny beken-72xx builder selects a 5.x stack, so gating on it supports
+// any BLE-5.x chip — present or future — without a hard-coded list, and a
+// non-5.x build fails here with a clear message instead of a cryptic
+// "app_ble.h: No such file or directory".
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if defined(CLANG_TIDY)
+// The clang-tidy environment does not carry the full Beken BDK BLE 5.x API
+// (its ble_api.h variant lacks parts of the 5.x surface), so there is nothing
+// accurate to analyze the SDK calls against — skip the file under analysis.
+#define BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
+#elif !__has_include("ble_api.h") || !__has_include("app_ble.h")
+// Also skip the SDK body: #error does not stop the preprocessor, and on a 4.2
+// SoC ble_api.h exists, so without the guard the 5.x symbols would fail one by
+// one and bury this message.
+#define BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
+#error \
+    "bk72xx_ble requires a BLE 5.x Beken SDK (app_ble.h). Supported SoCs: BK7231N/BK7236 (BLE 5.1) and BK7238/BK7252N/BK7253 (BLE 5.2). BK7231T/BK7251/BK7271 (BLE 4.2) and BK7231Q (no BLE) are not supported."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Beken BDK BLE 5.x SDK — public API.
+// Exposed on the include path by the LibreTiny beken-72xx builder
+// (cores/.../ble_5_x_rw + driver/include). Wrapped in extern "C" because these
+// are C headers consumed from C++ (a standard C-header-from-C++ pattern).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+extern "C" {
+#include "ble_api.h"  // ble_set_notice_cb, recv_adv_t, ble_notice_t,
+                      // BLE_5_REPORT_ADV (scan primitives live in bdk_scan.cpp)
+#ifdef BK72XX_BLE_HAS_COMMON_BDADDR
+#include "common_bt_defines.h"  // struct bd_addr
+// The controller's public BLE address, populated by the BDK during ble_entry().
+// Present on BK7231N; the other BLE-5.x chips' stacks have no such symbol — there the
+// address is derived from the WiFi MAC instead (matching the BDK's own fallback).
+extern struct bd_addr common_default_bdaddr;
+#endif
+// ble_entry() brings up the BDK BLE stack; it is not declared in ble_api.h, so
+// declare it here.
+void ble_entry(void);
+}
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bk72xx_ble";
+
+static constexpr uint32_t RECONCILE_RETRY_MS = 10;              // pump floor for fast loops
+static constexpr uint32_t RECONCILE_REJECTED_RETRY_MS = 500;    // retry gate after a rejected release
+static constexpr uint32_t RECONCILE_PENDING_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;  // bring-up budget before FAILED
+static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_LIVENESS_CHECK_MS = 1000;        // settled-scan re-check cadence
+static constexpr uint32_t TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS = 30000;      // stuck-teardown ERROR (stop also goes FAILED)
+
+// The BDK notice callback is a plain C function pointer with no user argument,
+// so it reaches the (single) component instance through a file-static pointer.
+static BK72xxBLE *s_ble = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BLE notice callback — runs in the BDK BLE task context.
+// The BK controller reports every advertisement as a BLE_5_REPORT_ADV notice
+// carrying a recv_adv_t. Copy it into the queue and return; all dispatch
+// happens in loop() on the main task.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void ble_notice_callback(ble_notice_t notice, void *param) {
+  if (s_ble == nullptr || param == nullptr)
+    return;
+  if (notice != BLE_5_REPORT_ADV)
+    return;
+
+  const recv_adv_t *info = reinterpret_cast<const recv_adv_t *>(param);
+  // rssi is a signed dBm carried in a uint8_t; cast through int8_t (standard for
+  // a signed dBm value packed in a uint8_t).
+  s_ble->enqueue_scan_report(info->adv_addr, static_cast<int8_t>(info->rssi), info->adv_addr_type,
+                             static_cast<uint8_t>(info->evt_type), info->data, info->data_len);
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLE::enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, uint8_t evt_type,
+                                    const uint8_t *data, uint16_t data_len) {
+  BLEScanReport *report = this->report_pool_.allocate();
+  if (report == nullptr) {
+    // Pool exhausted — the queue is full; count and drop.
+    this->report_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    return;
+  }
+  memcpy(report->mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  report->rssi = rssi;
+  report->addr_type = addr_type;
+  report->evt_type = evt_type;
+  report->data_len =
+      (data_len <= sizeof(report->data)) ? static_cast<uint8_t>(data_len) : static_cast<uint8_t>(sizeof(report->data));
+  memcpy(report->data, data, report->data_len);
+  // Cannot fail: the pool is sized to the queue capacity.
+  this->report_queue_.push(report);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Component lifecycle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void BK72xxBLE::setup() {
+  s_ble = this;
+  // The report pool grows lazily on purpose: the BDK notice callback runs in
+  // task context (malloc-safe, unlike rp2040's IRQ path), and typical traffic
+  // stays far below the pool cap, so not warming contains RAM.
+  // Resolve the MAC early so get_mac_lsb_first() is valid for consumers before
+  // the stack is up (it is re-read once ble_entry() has run).
+  this->resolve_mac_();
+  if (this->enable_on_boot_) {
+    this->enable();
+  }
+}
+
+// AFTER_WIFI, not BLUETOOTH: replicates the proven pre-split timing — the BDK
+// is first touched only once WiFi is up (single-core WiFi/BLE bring-up order).
+float BK72xxBLE::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
+
+void BK72xxBLE::enable() {
+  if (this->state_ != BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF)
+    return;
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ENABLING;
+
+  // One-time BLE stack init: register the notice callback, then bring up the
+  // BDK BLE stack. The BDK has no teardown path — init happens at most once.
+  ble_set_notice_cb(ble_notice_callback);
+  ble_entry();
+
+  delay(100);  // NOLINT — one-time BLE stack init; the SDK needs this settle time
+
+  // Re-read the BLE MAC now that the controller is up (common_default_bdaddr is
+  // populated by ble_entry()); resolve_mac_() may have fallen back earlier.
+  this->resolve_mac_();
+
+#ifdef BK72XX_BLE_HAS_COMMON_BDADDR
+  // Liveness heuristic (BK7231N): a healthy ble_entry() populates
+  // common_default_bdaddr during init, so all-zero after the settle delay
+  // suggests the stack did not come up. The BDK entry point returns void — no
+  // return code exists — so warn rather than fail: scan starts against a dead
+  // stack already fail cleanly downstream (no idle activity handle).
+  bool bdaddr_live = false;
+  for (uint8_t b : common_default_bdaddr.addr) {
+    if (b != 0) {
+      bdaddr_live = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!bdaddr_live)
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller address still unset after init; BLE stack may not have started");
+#endif
+
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ACTIVE;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE stack initialised");
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLE::loop() {
+  // Keep reconciling toward the requested scan state (e.g. complete a stop
+  // that arrived while a controller operation was in flight), and re-check a
+  // settled scan at low frequency: a controller-side drop re-enters the
+  // bring-up, and the budget's FAILED feeds the tracker's recovery.
+  // Keep driving until settled: any PENDING, plus a terminal stop whose slot
+  // must still be freed. A FAILED scan request is the one combination not
+  // re-driven here — that belongs to the tracker's backoff.
+  const uint32_t pump_now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::PENDING ||
+      (!this->scan_wanted_ && this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::FAILED)) {
+    const uint32_t gate = (this->release_warned_ || this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::FAILED)
+                              ? RECONCILE_REJECTED_RETRY_MS
+                              : RECONCILE_RETRY_MS;
+    if (pump_now - this->last_advance_ms_ >= gate)
+      this->advance_();
+  } else if (this->scan_wanted_ && this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED &&
+             pump_now - this->last_advance_ms_ >= SCAN_LIVENESS_CHECK_MS) {
+    // Re-check a settled scan; scan_start() refills the bring-up budget.
+    // WARN: the only report of a drop that recovers inside its budget.
+    if (this->scan_start(this->requested_.interval, this->requested_.window, this->requested_.active) !=
+        ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller dropped the scan; restarting");
+  }
+
+  // Drain the lock-free ring filled by the BLE task; all per-report work runs
+  // here on the main task, then the report returns to the pool.
+  BLEScanReport *report = this->report_queue_.pop();
+  if (report == nullptr)
+    return;
+  do {
+#ifdef BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+    for (auto *listener : this->scan_listeners_)
+      listener->on_scan_report(*report);
+#endif
+    this->report_pool_.release(report);
+  } while ((report = this->report_queue_.pop()) != nullptr);
+
+  // Log dropped reports — only reachable when reports were processed; drops can
+  // only occur while the queue is full, and only this loop drains it.
+  uint16_t dropped = this->report_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (dropped > 0)
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u scan reports due to queue overflow", dropped);
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLE::get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    out[i] = this->ble_mac_[i];
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLE::dump_config() {
+  // ble_mac_ is stored LSB-first (BLE convention); print [5..0] for the
+  // MSB-first order Home Assistant shows.
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "BK72xx BLE:\n"
+                "  MAC address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n"
+                "  Active: %s",
+                this->ble_mac_[5], this->ble_mac_[4], this->ble_mac_[3], this->ble_mac_[2], this->ble_mac_[1],
+                this->ble_mac_[0], YESNO(this->is_active()));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MAC resolution
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void BK72xxBLE::resolve_mac_() {
+#ifdef BK72XX_BLE_HAS_COMMON_BDADDR
+  // BK7231N: the BDK populates common_default_bdaddr (LSB-first, BLE convention)
+  // during ble_entry(). It may still be zero before the stack is up; if so, fall
+  // through to the WiFi-derived MAC below.
+  bool nonzero = false;
+  for (uint8_t b : common_default_bdaddr.addr) {
+    if (b != 0) {
+      nonzero = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (nonzero) {
+    memcpy(this->ble_mac_, common_default_bdaddr.addr, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  // Chips whose BLE stack does not export common_default_bdaddr (BK7238 and the other
+  // BLE-5.x SoCs), or BK7231N before the stack is up: derive the BLE MAC exactly as the
+  // Beken BDK does in bdaddr_env_init() — the WiFi STA MAC with only its last byte
+  // incremented (sta_mac[5] += 1, a plain byte increment with no carry into the next
+  // byte), OUI unchanged. This reproduces the address the controller advertises with
+  // (verified against the BK7231N BLE-5.1 and BK7252N/BK7238 BLE-5.2 SDK sources), so it
+  // matches on every device, including the last-byte == 0xFF edge that a 24-bit increment
+  // would carry differently.
+  uint8_t wifi_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  get_mac_address_raw(wifi_mac);  // MSB-first
+  const uint8_t ble[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {wifi_mac[0], wifi_mac[1], wifi_mac[2],
+                                         wifi_mac[3], wifi_mac[4], static_cast<uint8_t>(wifi_mac[5] + 1)};
+  // Store LSB-first to match recv_adv_t adv_addr ordering.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    this->ble_mac_[i] = ble[5 - i];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Scan reconciler
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Episode boundary: fresh teardown deadline and error bookkeeping.
+void BK72xxBLE::reset_teardown_episode_() {
+  this->teardown_since_ms_ = 0;
+  this->restarting_ = false;
+  this->last_release_err_ = 0;
+}
+
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
+  if (!this->is_active())
+    this->enable();
+
+  const ScanParams params{active, interval, window};
+  // A new episode refills the budget and gets a fresh teardown deadline; a
+  // re-call observing an in-flight bring-up (last result PENDING) must not.
+  if (this->last_result_ != ScanOpResult::PENDING || !this->scan_wanted_ || params != this->requested_) {
+    this->pending_since_ms_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    this->reset_teardown_episode_();
+  }
+  this->scan_wanted_ = true;
+  this->requested_ = params;
+  return this->advance_();
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLE::scan_stop() {
+  if (this->scan_wanted_) {
+    // A stamp inherited from a stuck restart would fail the stop on its
+    // first advance.
+    this->reset_teardown_episode_();
+  }
+  this->scan_wanted_ = false;
+  this->advance_();
+}
+
+bool BK72xxBLE::flush_pending_stop(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+  // millis() on both sides: the loop clock is frozen while this blocks.
+  const uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (!this->scan_wanted_ && this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::PENDING) {
+    if (millis() - start >= timeout_ms)
+      return false;
+    delay(RECONCILE_RETRY_MS);
+    this->advance_();
+  }
+  return this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+}
+
+// Teardown is asynchronous: the handle is kept until an IDLE observation
+// confirms the radio is idle. A rejection WARNs once per failure streak and
+// widens the pump gate; the epilogue owns the stuck-teardown deadline.
+void BK72xxBLE::release_activity_(BdkActivityState state) {
+  const BdkOpResult result =
+      bdk_scan_release(this->scan_activity_idx_, state == BdkActivityState::CREATED, &this->last_release_err_);
+  if (result == BdkOpResult::OK) {
+    this->release_warned_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->release_warned_) {
+    // A hard error carries its code immediately; the 30 s stuck ERROR follows
+    // if it persists.
+    if (result == BdkOpResult::FAILED) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scan activity release failed (err %d); retrying", this->last_release_err_);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scan activity release rejected; retrying");
+    }
+    this->release_warned_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+// Stamp/track the teardown episode; once past the deadline, ERROR (re-logged
+// each interval) and report stuck.
+bool BK72xxBLE::teardown_stuck_(uint32_t now) {
+  if (this->teardown_since_ms_ == 0) {
+    this->teardown_since_ms_ = now;
+    this->teardown_stuck_log_ms_ = now;  // first ERROR fires at the deadline
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (now - this->teardown_since_ms_ < TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS)
+    return false;
+  if (now - this->teardown_stuck_log_ms_ >= TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS) {
+    if (this->last_release_err_ != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan teardown cannot proceed; scanner is stuck (release err %d)", this->last_release_err_);
+    } else {
+      // No rejected release this episode: stuck waiting on the controller.
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan teardown cannot proceed; scanner is stuck (controller busy)");
+    }
+    this->teardown_stuck_log_ms_ = now;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// One SDK operation per call toward the latched request; controller state is
+// read live each time (it changes on the BLE task, so nothing is mirrored).
+// The epilogue owns all deadlines and episode bookkeeping.
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_() {
+  if (!this->scan_wanted_ && this->scan_activity_idx_ == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX) {
+    // Nothing to do; also keeps SDK reads off the pre-enable() path.
+    this->last_result_ = ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+    return ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+  }
+  const BdkActivityState state = bdk_scan_state(this->scan_activity_idx_);
+  const bool ready = bdk_scan_ready();
+  ScanOpResult result = this->scan_wanted_ ? this->advance_start_(state, ready) : this->advance_stop_(state, ready);
+
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->last_advance_ms_ = now;
+  if (result == ScanOpResult::SETTLED || (state == BdkActivityState::IDLE && ready)) {
+    // Any teardown episode is over (IDLE observed with the controller
+    // settled, or e.g. a mode flip that settled back without ever reaching
+    // IDLE). An IDLE read while an operation is in flight proves nothing —
+    // a stop deferred there must keep its episode running.
+    this->reset_teardown_episode_();
+    this->release_warned_ = false;
+  }
+  if (this->restarting_ && (state == BdkActivityState::IDLE || state == BdkActivityState::CREATED)) {
+    // The mode-change release is observed complete; the rest is a normal
+    // bring-up on a fresh budget.
+    this->restarting_ = false;
+    this->pending_since_ms_ = now;
+  }
+  // Not chained to the clear above: a bring-up waiting at IDLE (create still
+  // in flight) must keep spending its budget.
+  if (result == ScanOpResult::PENDING) {
+    if (this->scan_wanted_ && state != BdkActivityState::STARTED && !this->restarting_) {
+      // A downed radio spends the bring-up budget; exhausting it hands
+      // recovery to the tracker's backoff.
+      if (now - this->pending_since_ms_ >= RECONCILE_PENDING_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan bring-up did not settle; giving up until the next start");
+        result = ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // A teardown is pending: a stop, or a mode-change release still in
+      // flight (restarting_); either way the bring-up budget waits.
+      if (this->scan_wanted_)
+        this->pending_since_ms_ = now;
+      if (this->teardown_stuck_(now)) {
+        // Terminal for stop AND restart: the tracker's backoff owns recovery
+        // (a stop's release keeps re-driving from loop(); a restart is
+        // re-requested through scan_start() with a fresh deadline).
+        result = ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this->last_result_ = result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_stop_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready) {
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::IDLE && ready) {
+    // Fully torn down (or never created): the radio is idle. IDLE is trusted
+    // only when the controller is settled — mid-create the slot still reads
+    // IDLE, and dropping the handle then would leak the activity once the
+    // create lands.
+    this->scan_activity_idx_ = INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX;
+    return ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+  }
+  if (!ready) {
+    // Acting mid-operation could delete an activity whose start lands
+    // afterwards, leaking the slot with the radio on; wait.
+    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stop deferred (controller busy)");
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  // Settled, so CREATED unambiguously means "never started".
+  this->release_activity_(state);
+  return ScanOpResult::PENDING;  // confirmed once IDLE is observed
+}
+
+ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_start_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready) {
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::STARTED) {
+    if (this->applied_ == this->requested_)
+      return ScanOpResult::SETTLED;
+    // Running with different mode or parameters: tear down (the SDK stop
+    // chain also deletes the activity) and recreate on a later advance.
+    if (ready) {
+      this->release_activity_(state);
+      // Invalidate so a flip back to the old params cannot SETTLE against the
+      // activity being deleted (interval 0 never matches a real request).
+      this->applied_.interval = 0;
+      this->restarting_ = true;
+    }
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  if (!ready) {
+    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan start deferred (controller busy)");
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::CREATED) {
+    // Fire-and-forget: SETTLED only once a later advance observes the scan
+    // running, so a rejected start is retried rather than silently dead. On
+    // failure the created activity is intact; keep the handle.
+    if (bdk_scan_start(this->scan_activity_idx_, this->requested_.interval, this->requested_.window,
+                       this->requested_.active) != BdkOpResult::OK)
+      return ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+    this->applied_ = this->requested_;
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+  }
+  if (state == BdkActivityState::OTHER)
+    return ScanOpResult::PENDING;  // transitional; settles on a later read
+
+  // IDLE and ready: acquire a slot and create. A kept index is deliberately
+  // reused: SDK delete returns the slot to idle and create requires an idle
+  // slot, so it equals a fresh acquire — while clearing here would orphan a
+  // create still in flight (the BUSY race below).
+  if (this->scan_activity_idx_ == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX) {
+    this->scan_activity_idx_ = bdk_scan_acquire_activity();
+    if (this->scan_activity_idx_ == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX)
+      return ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+  }
+  switch (bdk_scan_create(this->scan_activity_idx_)) {
+    case BdkOpResult::BUSY:  // raced the BLE task; keep the index, the retry resumes this slot
+    case BdkOpResult::OK:
+      return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
+    case BdkOpResult::FAILED:
+      break;
+  }
+  // Safe to clear (unlike BUSY): acquire is a pure search, so a rejected
+  // create leaves the slot IDLE for re-acquire.
+  this->scan_activity_idx_ = INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX;
+  return ScanOpResult::FAILED;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
+
+#endif  // BK72XX_BLE_NO_SDK
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..687fd396e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX_BLE
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "bdk_scan.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble {
+
+enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
+  STATE_OFF = 0,
+  ENABLING,
+  ACTIVE,
+};
+
+/// Outcome of one reconciliation step.
+enum class ScanOpResult : uint8_t {
+  SETTLED,  ///< The request is reached: scan observed running, or stopped
+            ///< with the activity fully released.
+  PENDING,  ///< A step is in flight; loop() keeps advancing — call
+            ///< scan_start() again to learn the outcome.
+  FAILED,   ///< The controller rejected a step; retry later.
+};
+
+/// One scan request: mode plus timing, in BLE units (0.625 ms).
+struct ScanParams {
+  bool active;
+  uint16_t interval;
+  uint16_t window;
+  bool operator==(const ScanParams &) const = default;
+};
+
+/// One advertisement report from the controller.
+struct BLEScanReport {
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];  // LSB-first, as the controller delivers it
+  int8_t rssi;                    // signed dBm
+  uint8_t addr_type;
+  // GAPM report info byte (recv_adv_t.evt_type): bits 0-2 report type
+  // (1 = legacy adv, 3 = legacy scan response), bit 5 scannable — lets the
+  // tracker's merger tell the two frames apart.
+  uint8_t evt_type;
+  uint8_t data_len;  // bytes valid in data[]
+  uint8_t data[62];  // legacy advertisement (31) + scan response (31)
+
+  // EventPool contract: nothing is heap-allocated inside a report.
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+/// Consumer interface for controller scan reports. on_scan_report() always runs
+/// on the ESPHome main task: reports are queued from the BDK BLE task and
+/// drained by the controller's loop(), so consumers never deal with cross-task
+/// state (the esp32_ble event-queue pattern).
+class BLEScanListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void on_scan_report(const BLEScanReport &report) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ~BLEScanListener() = default;  // deletion via this interface is not part of the contract
+};
+
+// Maximum reports buffered between the BLE task and loop().
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE = 64;
+
+class BK72xxBLE final : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+
+  /// Bring up the BDK BLE stack (one-time; the BDK has no teardown path).
+  void enable();
+  bool is_active() const { return this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ACTIVE; }
+
+  void set_enable_on_boot(bool enable_on_boot) { this->enable_on_boot_ = enable_on_boot; }
+
+  /// Controller BLE address, least-significant octet first (BLE convention).
+  void get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const;
+
+#ifdef BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+  /// Register a consumer for scan reports (delivered on the main task via loop()).
+  /// Storage is codegen-sized: the consumer's codegen requests a slot via
+  /// request_scan_listener_slot(), which emits BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT.
+  void register_scan_listener(BLEScanListener *listener) { this->scan_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+#endif
+
+  /// Request a scan (interval/window in 0.625 ms BLE units); enables the
+  /// stack first if needed. PENDING until the scan is observed running —
+  /// loop() keeps advancing, call again to learn the outcome.
+  ScanOpResult scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
+  /// Request the scanner stopped and the activity released; steps that
+  /// cannot run yet are completed from loop().
+  void scan_stop();
+  /// Drive a requested stop until the radio is observed idle, bounded by
+  /// timeout_ms (for OTA). Returns false if it still has not settled.
+  bool flush_pending_stop(uint32_t timeout_ms);
+  /// Last reconciliation outcome; on FAILED the consumer's retry policy owns
+  /// recovery.
+  ScanOpResult last_scan_result() const { return this->last_result_; }
+
+  /// Internal: buffer one controller report (BDK notice callback, BLE task
+  /// context — bounded copy under the scheduler lock, nothing else).
+  void enqueue_scan_report(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, uint8_t evt_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                           uint16_t data_len);
+
+ protected:
+  void resolve_mac_();
+  ScanOpResult advance_();
+  ScanOpResult advance_stop_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready);
+  ScanOpResult advance_start_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready);
+  bool teardown_stuck_(uint32_t now);
+  void reset_teardown_episode_();
+  void release_activity_(BdkActivityState state);
+
+#ifdef BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiation —
+  // the same StaticVector pattern as the tracker's ble_device_base listeners.
+  StaticVector<BLEScanListener *, BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT> scan_listeners_;
+#endif
+  // Report ring: the BDK notice callback (BLE task) allocates a report from the
+  // pool, fills it and pushes the pointer; loop() pops, dispatches and releases.
+  // Lock-free SPSC, zero allocation at steady state — the esp32_ble pattern.
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE> report_queue_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1): the ring reserves one slot, so
+  // allocate() returns nullptr before push() can fail. This prevents leaking a
+  // pool slot on a failed push and keeps release() off the producer path.
+  esphome::EventPool<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> report_pool_;
+  // Largest-to-smallest: padding only at the tail, absorbed by future byte fields.
+  uint32_t last_advance_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t pending_since_ms_{0};          // bring-up budget anchor; refilled on request change
+  uint32_t teardown_since_ms_{0};         // unfinished teardown episode start; 0 = none
+  uint32_t teardown_stuck_log_ms_{0};     // last stuck-teardown ERROR; re-logged each TEARDOWN_STUCK_ERROR_MS
+  int last_release_err_{0};               // SDK code of the episode's last failed release; 0 = none
+  ScanParams requested_{};                // latched by scan_start()
+  ScanParams applied_{};                  // last params we commanded; mismatch with requested_ restarts
+  uint8_t ble_mac_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};  // LSB-first (BLE convention)
+  uint8_t scan_activity_idx_{INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX};
+  bool scan_wanted_{false};     // the latched request is to scan (vs stopped)
+  bool release_warned_{false};  // gates the release WARN; widens the pump gate
+  bool restarting_{false};      // mode-change release in flight; teardown deadline governs until released
+  bool enable_on_boot_{false};
+  // PENDING means advance_() has more to do; loop() drives it, paced and
+  // (for a bring-up) bounded.
+  ScanOpResult last_result_{ScanOpResult::SETTLED};
+  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96b3536601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""BK72xx BLE Tracker — ESPHome BLE 5.x scanner for the BLE-5.x-capable
+LibreTiny Beken chips (beken-72xx family).
+
+Builds on the bk72xx_ble controller component (stack bring-up, BLE address,
+scan primitives) and implements the platform-neutral ble_device_base BLEHub
+contract: the shared BLE sensors (ble_presence, ble_rssi, ble_scanner,
+bthome_mithermometer, xiaomi_*, …) bind to this tracker through
+cv.use_id(BLEHub) with no BK-specific code.
+
+Scan modes:
+  continuous: true  — scan runs forever; never stops automatically.
+                      Use this when the radio is dedicated to BLE.
+  continuous: false — a started scan runs for `duration` ms, then stops. The
+                      FIRST start is external too: nothing in this component
+                      starts a non-continuous scan on boot — the radio stays
+                      idle until bk72xx_ble_tracker.start_scan fires (e.g.
+                      from an api client-connected automation), so the
+                      single-core radio can service WiFi in between scans.
+"""
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import bk72xx_ble, ble_device_base, ota
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import automation as ble_automation
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CONF_BK72XX_BLE_ID = "bk72xx_ble_id"
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["bk72xx"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "bk72xx_ble"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Bl00d-B0b"]
+
+ble_device_base.register_hub_provider("bk72xx_ble_tracker")
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bk72xx_ble_tracker")
+BK72xxBLETracker = bk72xx_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
+    "BK72xxBLETracker", ble_device_base.BLEHub, cg.Component
+)
+
+StartScanAction = bk72xx_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StartScanAction", automation.Action)
+StopScanAction = bk72xx_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StopScanAction", automation.Action)
+
+ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEEndOfScanTrigger = ble_automation.BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+
+
+# interval defaults to the BK reference scan rate — 100 ms with the shared 30 ms
+# window, a 30 % duty cycle. Converted to the controller's 0.625 ms BLE units in
+# to_code(). (LN882H's SDK recommends a different 100 / 50 ms = 50 %.)
+SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema("100ms")
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BK72xxBLETracker),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BK72XX_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(bk72xx_ble.BK72xxBLE),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, default={}): SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE): ble_automation.advertise_trigger_schema(
+            ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SCAN_END): ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_schema(
+            BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "bk72xx_ble_tracker.start_scan",
+    StartScanAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BK72xxBLETracker),
+            # Optional with no default, unlike esp32_ble_tracker: omitting it
+            # keeps whatever scan_parameters.continuous configured, instead of
+            # silently forcing one-shot.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def start_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    if (continuous := config.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS)) is not None:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(continuous, args, cg.bool_)
+        cg.add(var.set_continuous(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "bk72xx_ble_tracker.stop_scan",
+    StopScanAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BK72xxBLETracker),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def stop_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER")
+    # Compiles the shared adv + scan-response merge (the BDK delivers the pair
+    # as separate reports).
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BK72XX_BLE_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    # The tracker registers itself as a controller scan listener in setup();
+    # request the codegen-sized StaticVector slot for it.
+    bk72xx_ble.request_scan_listener_slot()
+
+    # Get notified when an OTA update starts, to pause scanning (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
+    ota.request_ota_state_listeners()
+
+    scan = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_interval(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_INTERVAL])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_WINDOW])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(scan[CONF_DURATION].total_milliseconds))
+    cg.add(var.set_configured_continuous(scan[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_active(scan[CONF_ACTIVE]))
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE, []):
+        await ble_automation.advertise_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
+
+    for trigger_key, uuid_key, setter_prefix in (
+        (CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, "set_service_uuid"),
+        (
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+            CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+            "set_manufacturer_uuid",
+        ),
+    ):
+        for conf in config.get(trigger_key, []):
+            await ble_automation.uuid_trigger_to_code(
+                conf, var, uuid_key, setter_prefix
+            )
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_SCAN_END, []):
+        await ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/automation.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9017d19d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Automation triggers and actions for bk72xx_ble_tracker: triggers are the
+// neutral ble_device_base classes; only the scan-control actions are
+// platform-specific.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "bk72xx_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StartScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BK72xxBLETracker> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // With continuous: set, the action wins. Without it, the configured value
+    // is used - stop_scan() clears the runtime flag permanently, so a bare
+    // stop_scan/start_scan pair would otherwise never resume continuous mode.
+    const bool want =
+        this->continuous_.has_value() ? this->continuous_.value(x...) : this->parent_->configured_continuous();
+    if (this->parent_->scan_running()) {
+      // Same mode on a running scan is a no-op (esp32 parity): re-anchoring
+      // the duration window here would let a repeated action keep a one-shot
+      // scan alive forever. A real mode switch re-anchors so a change to
+      // one-shot runs a full duration from now.
+      if (want != this->parent_->scan_continuous()) {
+        this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+        this->parent_->restart_scan_duration();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+    this->parent_->start_scan();
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StopScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BK72xxBLETracker> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_scan(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b4e6245ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+// bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp
+//
+// BLE scan policy for the BK72xx BLE-5.x chips: parameters, duration/period
+// timers and the rate-limited start retry. All controller access (stack
+// bring-up, scan primitives, the BLE-task → main-task report queue) goes
+// through the bk72xx_ble component — no SDK calls and no cross-task state here.
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "bk72xx_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bk72xx_ble_tracker";
+
+// Minimum interval between scan (re)start attempts, so a failing controller start
+// cannot be retried every main-loop iteration (single-core CPU starvation). The
+// interval doubles with consecutive failed starts (1 s up to 64 s) so a controller
+// that never comes up — the controller logs each failure at ERROR — settles into a
+// slow, quiet poll instead of an error line every second for the rest of uptime;
+// a single WARN is emitted when the retry interval first saturates.
+static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_START_RETRY_MS = 1000;
+static constexpr uint8_t SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS = 6;  // 1 s << 6 = 64 s
+// Stable-run time before the failure streak clears; reset-on-start would keep
+// a flapping controller at the 1 s gate.
+static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_STABLE_RESET_MS = 30000;
+
+// Radio-idle deadline for the bounded stop drain at OTA start.
+static constexpr uint32_t OTA_STOP_FLUSH_MS = 100;
+
+// 0.625 ms BLE units; integer math avoids soft-float on this FPU-less part.
+constexpr uint32_t ble_units_to_ms(uint32_t units) { return units * 5 / 8; }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Component lifecycle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::setup() {
+  // Receive the controller's scan reports; the controller queues them from the
+  // BLE task and delivers here on the main task.
+  this->parent_->register_scan_listener(this);
+  // Merged (and unmerged) frames go to the shared dispatcher; unclaimed
+  // devices are logged only on one-shot scans (continuous would spam).
+  this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, TAG);
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Pause scanning while an OTA update is in flight — on the single-core BK72xx the
+  // BLE scan competes with the OTA flash writes. Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
+  ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
+#endif
+  // scan_requested_ check: an on_boot start_scan latched before this setup()
+  // must keep the retry loop running (rp2/ln882h parity).
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_requested_) {
+    // Nothing to time until an explicit start_scan(); it re-enables the loop.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+void BK72xxBLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error,
+                                           ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
+  if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED) {
+    this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
+    this->scan_requested_before_ota_ = this->scan_requested_;
+    this->stop_scan();
+    // The transfer starves the loop; a deferred stop would leave the radio
+    // scanning for the whole update, so drain it here, bounded.
+    if (!this->parent_->flush_pending_stop(OTA_STOP_FLUSH_MS))
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan still stopping at OTA start; the radio may contend with the update");
+  } else if (state == ota::OTA_ERROR || state == ota::OTA_ABORT) {
+    // On success the device reboots, so restore only on a failed/aborted update;
+    // loop() restarts the scan on its next iteration (continuous idle branch).
+    if (this->scan_continuous_before_ota_) {
+      this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = false;
+      this->scan_continuous_ = true;
+      this->enable_loop();  // stop_scan() parked it
+    }
+    // A one-shot request that was still pending (latched, retrying) when the
+    // OTA paused scanning is re-latched, not dropped — loop() resumes the retry.
+    if (this->scan_requested_before_ota_) {
+      this->scan_requested_before_ota_ = false;
+      this->scan_requested_ = true;
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::loop() {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+  // Deliver held scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived —
+  // unmerged after the merger's timeout.
+  if (!this->merger_.empty())
+    this->merger_.sweep(now);
+
+  // Before the drop branch: a drop after a stable run starts a fresh streak.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->failed_start_count_ != 0 && now - this->scan_start_time_ >= SCAN_STABLE_RESET_MS)
+    this->failed_start_count_ = 0;
+
+  // A terminal failure while we report running recovers via the normal retry
+  // path; the drop charges the backoff so a flapping controller escalates.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->parent_->last_scan_result() == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::FAILED) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller scan lost; retrying");
+    this->scan_requested_ = true;
+    this->count_failed_start_();
+    this->mark_scan_ended_(now);
+  }
+
+  if (this->scan_continuous_) {
+    if (!this->scan_running_) {
+      // One-iteration deferral; all stamps share this iteration's cached
+      // timestamp, so the period check below cannot underflow.
+      if (this->try_start_with_backoff_(now))
+        return;
+    }
+    // Period timer: fire on_scan_end() once per scan_duration_ window, mirroring
+    // esp32_ble_tracker::cleanup_scan_state_(). Gated on scan_started_once_ so a scan
+    // that never came up (start kept failing) does not fire spurious on_scan_end events.
+    if (this->scan_started_once_ && now - this->scan_period_start_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+      this->fire_scan_end_();
+      this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Non-continuous mode: run for scan_duration_ ms, then stop and fire on_scan_end.
+  // Restart is driven externally (e.g. api: on_client_connected:).
+  //
+  // A requested start that failed (same controller failures the continuous branch
+  // absorbs) is retried with the same backoff — otherwise a failed one-shot start
+  // would be silent: the scan never runs, stop_scan_() is never reached and
+  // on_scan_end() never fires, leaving period-keyed consumers waiting forever.
+  if (this->scan_requested_ && !this->scan_running_) {
+    // Same one-iteration deferral as the continuous branch.
+    if (this->try_start_with_backoff_(now))
+      return;
+  }
+  if (this->scan_running_ && now - this->scan_start_time_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+    // A full-duration run proves the controller healthy even when duration is
+    // shorter than SCAN_STABLE_RESET_MS.
+    this->failed_start_count_ = 0;
+    this->stop_scan_();
+  }
+}
+
+bool BK72xxBLETracker::try_start_with_backoff_(uint32_t now, bool force) {
+  // Rate-limit (re)start attempts. The controller start can fail (no idle activity
+  // handle, WiFi/BLE coexistence) and leave scan_running_ false; retrying every
+  // main-loop iteration would spin the single-core CPU and starve WiFi (device
+  // becomes unresponsive). The interval backs off with consecutive failures so a
+  // controller that never comes up polls slowly and quietly.
+  //
+  // force bypasses the gate for an explicit user start (start_scan()) — but
+  // only while the failure streak is clean. Once the controller is failing,
+  // even user-initiated attempts respect the backoff, so a start_scan() action
+  // on a short cadence cannot hammer a failing controller; the attempt stays
+  // inside the failure accounting below either way.
+  // Mid bring-up, observe instead of re-issuing (the hub self-advances). A
+  // SETTLED outcome completes immediately; only fresh attempts after FAILED
+  // are rate-limited.
+  const auto hub = this->parent_->last_scan_result();
+  if (hub == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::PENDING)
+    return false;
+  if (hub == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::FAILED) {
+    if (this->start_attempt_open_) {
+      // Our bring-up gave up asynchronously; charge it to the backoff.
+      this->start_attempt_open_ = false;
+      this->count_failed_start_();
+    }
+    if ((!force || this->failed_start_count_ != 0) &&
+        now - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ < (SCAN_START_RETRY_MS << this->failed_start_count_))
+      return false;
+  }
+  this->start_scan_();
+  if (!this->scan_running_) {
+    if (this->parent_->last_scan_result() == bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::PENDING) {
+      this->start_attempt_open_ = true;
+      return false;  // the controller is still bringing the scan up; not a failure
+    }
+    this->count_failed_start_();
+  }
+  return this->scan_running_;
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::count_failed_start_() {
+  if (this->failed_start_count_ < SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) {
+    ++this->failed_start_count_;
+    if (this->failed_start_count_ == SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scan start keeps failing; retrying every %" PRIu32 " s",
+               (SCAN_START_RETRY_MS << SCAN_START_RETRY_MAX_DOUBLINGS) / 1000);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "BK72xx BLE Tracker:\n"
+                "  Scan Duration: %" PRIu32 " s\n"
+                "  Scan Interval: %" PRIu32 " ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Window: %" PRIu32 " ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Type: %s (configured %s)\n"
+                "  Continuous Scanning: %s",
+                this->scan_duration_ / 1000, ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_interval_), this->scan_interval_,
+                ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_window_), this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE",
+                this->scan_active_configured_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE", YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Scan report — delivered by the controller's loop() on the ESPHome main task
+// (the controller queues reports from the BLE task), so publish_state() and
+// listener dispatch run in main-loop context with no cross-task handling here.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// GAPM report info byte (BLEScanReport::evt_type): bits 0-2 report type,
+// bit 5 scannable advertisement. Verified against both BDK stacks (5.1 and
+// 5.2 fill it from gapm_ext_adv_report_ind.info).
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_MASK = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_EXT = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT = 1 << 5;
+
+// Demux advertisements vs scan responses into the shared merger: the BDK
+// delivers the pair as separate reports; a scannable advertisement is held
+// until its scan response arrives and delivered as one merged frame.
+void BK72xxBLETracker::on_scan_report(const bk72xx_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
+  const uint8_t rtype = report.evt_type & GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_MASK;
+  if (rtype == GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG || rtype == GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_EXT) {
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Stash only while an active scan runs: a passive scan never gets a
+  // response, and after a stop nothing would sweep the merger, so a late
+  // report would surface minutes later as a fresh advertisement.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->scan_active_ && (report.evt_type & GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT)) {
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                            App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+    return;
+  }
+  this->dispatcher_.dispatch(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                             /*raw_only=*/false, this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : TAG);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public scan control
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::start_scan() {
+  // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker::start_scan(): caller sets scan_continuous_ via
+  // set_scan_continuous() first, then calls start_scan() to begin scanning.
+  //
+  // Nothing to do while a scan is already running: latching here would leave
+  // scan_requested_ set after that scan ends and silently restart a one-shot
+  // scan nobody asked for.
+  if (this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+
+  // The request is latched: if this immediate attempt fails (controller busy,
+  // WiFi/BLE coexistence), loop() keeps retrying it with backoff even in
+  // non-continuous mode, so a one-shot start cannot fail silently.
+  //
+  // Routed through the backoff helper (forced: the user asked for an immediate
+  // attempt) so a failure here still counts toward the backoff escalation and
+  // its WARN. The force bypass only applies while the failure streak is clean —
+  // against a failing controller, repeated start_scan() calls are rate-limited
+  // like any other attempt.
+  this->scan_requested_ = true;
+  this->enable_loop();  // an idle one-shot tracker parked it in stop_scan_()
+  this->try_start_with_backoff_(App.get_loop_component_start_time(), /* force= */ true);
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::restart_scan_duration() {
+  if (!this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+  // Re-anchor only the one-shot duration clock. scan_period_start_ (the
+  // continuous-mode on_scan_end period) is deliberately left alone: a
+  // start_scan action fired more often than scan_duration_ would otherwise
+  // suppress on_scan_end indefinitely — and absence detection (ble_rssi's NAN
+  // publish) rides on that period.
+  this->scan_start_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::stop_scan() {
+  this->scan_continuous_ = false;
+  this->scan_requested_ = false;  // also cancels a pending (not yet successful) start
+  this->stop_scan_();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal scan start / stop
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult BK72xxBLETracker::controller_scan_start_() {
+  this->last_scan_start_attempt_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  return this->parent_->scan_start(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_interval_),
+                                   static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_window_), this->scan_active_);
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::start_scan_() {
+  if (this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+
+  if (this->controller_scan_start_() != bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+    return;
+
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->scan_running_ = true;
+  this->scan_requested_ = false;  // the latched one-shot request is satisfied
+  this->start_attempt_open_ = false;
+  // failed_start_count_ deliberately not reset here; only a stable run clears it (loop()).
+  this->scan_start_time_ = now;
+  // Log every explicit start at DEBUG — stop_scan_() logs every stop at DEBUG, and
+  // in non-continuous mode each period is an explicit start, so asymmetric logging
+  // would read as the scanner failing to come back up.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan started (%s, window=%" PRIu32 "ms, interval=%" PRIu32 "ms)",
+           this->scan_active_ ? "active" : "passive", ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_window_),
+           ble_units_to_ms(this->scan_interval_));
+  // Re-anchor the on_scan_end period to every successful start — first start (so the
+  // period counts from the scan, not from boot) and every restart after a stop (so
+  // resuming after longer than scan_duration, e.g. a failed OTA restoring continuous
+  // mode 10 minutes later, does not fire on_scan_end before an advertisement can
+  // arrive). scan_started_once_ purely gates the period timer.
+  this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+  this->scan_started_once_ = true;
+}
+
+// Deliberate logical/physical split: on_scan_end() reports the tracker's
+// intent while the hub winds the radio down asynchronously; OTA is the one
+// path that must wait, and it flushes explicitly.
+void BK72xxBLETracker::stop_scan_() {
+  this->start_attempt_open_ = false;  // an abandoned bring-up is not charged
+  this->parent_->scan_stop();         // idempotent: releases whatever the hub holds
+  if (this->scan_running_) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stopped");
+    this->mark_scan_ended_(App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+  }
+  // Park when idle (the hub drives its own teardown); re-check because an
+  // on_scan_end automation may have restarted the scan.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->scan_requested_)
+    this->disable_loop();
+}
+
+// The period re-anchor keeps on_scan_end from double-firing in one iteration.
+void BK72xxBLETracker::mark_scan_ended_(uint32_t now) {
+  this->scan_running_ = false;
+  this->fire_scan_end_();
+  this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+}
+
+void BK72xxBLETracker::fire_scan_end_() {
+  // Deliver held advertisements whose scan response never came (unmerged)
+  // BEFORE on_scan_end fires.
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  this->dispatcher_.on_scan_end();
+}
+
+// true = request latched, not applied: the reconciler applies it
+// asynchronously and loop() recovers a failed re-arm (ln882h parity).
+bool BK72xxBLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
+  if (this->scan_active_ == active)
+    return true;
+  this->scan_active_ = active;
+  // V: the proxy's "Setting scanner mode" line already narrates this at D.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  // The controller reconciler restarts a running scan itself; the scan stays
+  // logically running. An idle scanner picks the mode up on its next start.
+  if (this->scan_running_)
+    this->controller_scan_start_();
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2334cfe414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// bk72xx_ble_tracker.h
+//
+// ESPHome BLE scanner for the BK72xx BLE-5.x chips (LibreTiny beken-72xx family).
+// Implements the platform-neutral ble_device_base::BLEHub contract on top of the
+// bk72xx_ble controller component: parsed ESPBTDevice objects go to registered
+// listeners (bthome_mithermometer, ble_presence, …) and every raw frame to the
+// hub's raw-advertisement callback.
+//
+// This component contains no Beken SDK calls and no cross-task state: the
+// controller (stack bring-up, BLE address, scan primitives, and the BLE-task →
+// main-task report queue) is owned by bk72xx_ble, which delivers every scan
+// report on the ESPHome main task. The tracker owns scan policy — parameters,
+// duration/period timers and the rate-limited start retry.
+//
+// YAML config (values shown are the defaults; interval/window are a 30 % duty
+// cycle, the BK reference scan rate):
+//
+//   bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+//     scan_parameters:
+//       interval:   100ms
+//       window:      30ms
+//       duration:    5min
+//       continuous:  true
+//       active:      true
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker {
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BK72xxBLETracker
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class BK72xxBLETracker : public Component,
+                         public bk72xx_ble::BLEScanListener,
+                         public Parented<bk72xx_ble::BK72xxBLE>
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    ,
+                         public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+#endif
+{
+ public:
+  // ---- ESPHome Component ----
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Pause scanning while an OTA update runs (single-core WiFi/BLE/flash contention);
+  // mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
+  void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
+#endif
+
+  // ---- YAML configuration setters ----
+  void set_scan_interval(uint32_t scan_interval) { this->scan_interval_ = scan_interval; }
+  void set_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { this->scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+  void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { this->scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
+  /// Set from YAML (scan_parameters.active); runtime mode requests change
+  /// only the resolved mode.
+  void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) {
+    this->scan_active_ = scan_active;
+    this->scan_active_configured_ = scan_active;
+  }
+  /// Set from YAML (scan_parameters.continuous); also the value
+  /// configured_continuous() reports and a bare start_scan action restores.
+  void set_configured_continuous(bool scan_continuous) {
+    this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+    this->scan_continuous_configured_ = scan_continuous;
+  }
+  /// Runtime control (esp32_ble_tracker lambda parity): does not change the
+  /// configured value, so configured_continuous() still reports what YAML
+  /// asked for.
+  void set_scan_continuous(bool scan_continuous) { this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous; }
+  bool scan_continuous() const { return this->scan_continuous_; }
+  bool configured_continuous() const { return this->scan_continuous_configured_; }
+  /// Re-anchor the one-shot duration clock of a running scan to now — used
+  /// when an action changes the scan mode without stopping the radio. The
+  /// continuous-mode on_scan_end period is deliberately not touched.
+  void restart_scan_duration();
+
+  // ---- Public scan control ----
+  // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker: set_scan_continuous() + start_scan() / stop_scan().
+  void start_scan();
+  void stop_scan();
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub contract ----
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(listener);
+  }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback(callback);
+  }
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
+    // Active scanning is driven through bk72xx_ble's reconciler because the BDK
+    // API itself is passive-only. The controller delivers scan responses as
+    // separate reports; this tracker merges the pair before delivery (shared
+    // ScanResponseMerger, Bluedroid semantics). No GATT client.
+    return {.active_scan = true, .merges_scan_response = true, .gatt = false, .scan_mode_switch = true};
+  }
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active);
+  // The controller stores the address LSB-first (BLE convention); the contract
+  // wants printable (MSB-first) order.
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) {
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+    this->parent_->get_mac_lsb_first(mac);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+      out[i] = mac[5 - i];
+  }
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scan_running_; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+
+  // ---- bk72xx_ble::BLEScanListener ----
+  // Delivered by the controller's loop() on the ESPHome main task — the
+  // BLE-task → main-task handoff already happened in the controller's queue.
+  void on_scan_report(const bk72xx_ble::BLEScanReport &report) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void start_scan_();
+  void stop_scan_();
+  void fire_scan_end_();
+  void mark_scan_ended_(uint32_t now);
+  /// Stamp-and-start for every controller scan attempt, so the retry rate
+  /// limit covers all callers.
+  bk72xx_ble::ScanOpResult controller_scan_start_();
+  /// Rate-limited (re)start; true when the scan is running (the caller must
+  /// not reuse a `now` older than the stamps this refreshed). Force and
+  /// backoff rules are documented at the definition.
+  bool try_start_with_backoff_(uint32_t now, bool force = false);
+  void count_failed_start_();
+
+  bool scan_running_{false};
+  bool scan_requested_{false};      // latched start_scan() request not yet running; loop() retries with backoff
+  bool start_attempt_open_{false};  // charge a later FAILED observation to the backoff exactly once
+  // Defaults: the BK reference — 30 % duty cycle
+  // (interval 100 ms / window 30 ms), in 0.625 ms BLE units.
+  uint32_t scan_interval_{160};  // 160 × 0.625 ms = 100 ms
+  uint32_t scan_window_{48};     // 48 × 0.625 ms = 30 ms (30/100 = 30 %)
+  uint32_t scan_duration_{300000};
+  bool scan_continuous_{true};
+  bool scan_continuous_configured_{true};  // YAML value; stop_scan() must not lose it
+  bool scan_active_{true};                 // resolved mode; see scan_parameters.active
+  bool scan_active_configured_{true};      // YAML value; runtime requests must not lose it
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_{false};  // continuous mode saved at OTA start, restored on OTA failure
+  bool scan_requested_before_ota_{false};   // pending one-shot latch saved at OTA start, re-latched on OTA failure
+#endif
+  uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};
+
+  uint32_t last_scan_start_attempt_{0};  // last controller start attempt, any caller; rate-limits retries
+  uint8_t failed_start_count_{0};        // failed starts AND drops; backoff shift, cleared after a stable run (loop())
+  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};        // loop-clock start of the scan period; rate-limits on_scan_end()
+  bool scan_started_once_{false};        // true after first successful scan start; gates the period timer
+
+  // Shared adv + scan-response merge and frame dispatch (ble_device_base).
+  // All calls run on the main task (the controller queue already crossed
+  // tasks). Merger clock: stash_adv() reads the PARENT's cached loop time
+  // (on_scan_report runs inside bk72xx_ble's queue drain), sweep() this
+  // component's — same App.loop() pass, so the delta stays non-negative and
+  // the 300 ms timeout holds.
+  ble_device_base::ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  ble_device_base::AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bk72xx_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
index 059e10e962..1a0c2287ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 # Import ICONS not included in esphome's const.py, from the local components const.py
 from .const import ICON_ENERGY, ICON_FREQUENCY, ICON_VOLTAGE
@@ -145,13 +148,18 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def reset_energy_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py
index bd4bdd93e5..ec17ef2c7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0939/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py
index 04d11e6e30..e87a647392 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
 from ..sensor import BL0940
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await button.new_button(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_BL0940_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py
index 92ab2837b3..b5a66e682a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
 from ..sensor import BL0940
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CalibrationNumber = bl0940_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_min_max(config):
+def validate_min_max(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MAX_VALUE] <= config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]:
         raise cv.Invalid("max_value must be greater than min_value")
     return config
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Get the BL0940 component instance
     bl0940 = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BL0940_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py
index 96445d5c38..7e6403c3bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import bl0940_ns
 
@@ -69,27 +70,29 @@ DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_EREF = 3.6e6 / 297
 
 
 # methods to calculate voltage and current reference values
-def calculate_voltage_reference(vref, r_one, r_two):
+def calculate_voltage_reference(vref: float, r_one: float, r_two: float) -> float:
     # formula: 79931 / Vref * (R1 * 1000) / (R1 + R2)
     return 79931 / vref * (r_one * 1000) / (r_one + r_two)
 
 
-def calculate_current_reference(vref, r_shunt):
+def calculate_current_reference(vref: float, r_shunt: float) -> float:
     # formula: 324004 * RL / Vref
     return 324004 * r_shunt / vref
 
 
-def calculate_power_reference(voltage_reference, current_reference):
+def calculate_power_reference(
+    voltage_reference: float, current_reference: float
+) -> float:
     # calculate power reference based on voltage and current reference
     return voltage_reference * current_reference * 4046 / 324004 / 79931
 
 
-def calculate_energy_reference(power_reference):
+def calculate_energy_reference(power_reference: float) -> float:
     # formula: power_reference * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
     return power_reference * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
 
 
-def validate_legacy_mode(config):
+def validate_legacy_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Only allow schematic calibration options if legacy_mode is False
     if config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True):
         forbidden = [
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ def validate_legacy_mode(config):
     return config
 
 
-def set_command_defaults(config):
+def set_command_defaults(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Set defaults for read_command and write_command based on legacy_mode
     legacy = config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True)
     if legacy:
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ def set_command_defaults(config):
     return config
 
 
-def set_reference_values(config):
+def set_reference_values(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Set default reference values based on legacy_mode
     if config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True):
         config.setdefault(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_UREF)
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py
index f9fe7f5a5e..5531fe411b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE = "current_reference"
 CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE = "energy_reference"
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py
index 56ac2ea147..1ef7967fa8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAC_ADDRESS,
     CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
     CONF_ON_CONNECT,
     CONF_ON_DISCONNECT,
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
@@ -16,11 +17,46 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
 )
 from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_client"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix", "@clydebarrow"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 
+CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
+CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
+
+
+def validate_descriptor_not_notify(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject descriptor_uuid combined with notify or on_notify.
+
+    BLE descriptors cannot send notifications; only characteristics can, and
+    ESP-IDF has no descriptor variant of esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify.
+    """
+    if CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID in config and (
+        config.get(CONF_NOTIFY) or CONF_ON_NOTIFY in config
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID}' cannot be used with '{CONF_NOTIFY}' or "
+            f"'{CONF_ON_NOTIFY}': BLE descriptors cannot send notifications; remove "
+            f"'{CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID}' to receive characteristic notifications, or "
+            f"remove '{CONF_NOTIFY}' and '{CONF_ON_NOTIFY}' to poll the descriptor"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def notify_from_on_notify(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Enable notifications when an on_notify automation is configured.
+
+    The triggers have no registration path of their own; without notify the
+    automation would validate but never fire.
+    """
+    if CONF_ON_NOTIFY in config and not config[CONF_NOTIFY]:
+        config = config.copy()
+        config[CONF_NOTIFY] = True
+    return config
+
+
 ble_client_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_client")
 BLEClient = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClient", esp32_ble_client.BLEClientBase)
 BLEClientNode = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClientNode")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp
index d41fb17961..25001c8f74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ bool BLEClient::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t es
   for (auto *node : this->nodes_)
     node->gattc_event_handler(event, esp_gattc_if, param);
 
-  if (!this->services_.empty() && this->all_nodes_established_()) {
+  // The release frees the GATT cache that BLEClientBase's CCCD lookup still needs.
+  // The last REG_FOR_NOTIFY event clears the counter before node dispatch, so the release still runs here.
+  if (!this->services_.empty() && !this->notify_registration_pending() && this->all_nodes_established_()) {
     this->release_services();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "All clients established, services released");
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h b/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h
index f27bef332b..f20df31816 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ class BLEClientNode {
   // This should be transitioned to Established once the node no longer needs
   // the services/descriptors/characteristics of the parent client. This will
   // allow some memory to be freed.
+  // The parent frees the peer's GATT cache once every node reports Established.
+  // Never report Established while an operation that reads that cache is outstanding.
+  // - esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify() completes asynchronously.
+  // - Register from ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT, then set this from ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
+  // - BLEClientBase::register_for_notify() holds the release until the registration completes.
   espbt::ClientState node_state;
 
   BLEClient *parent() { return this->parent_; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/__init__.py
index 0975640ece..7764955d89 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -14,13 +14,16 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
 )
 
-from .. import ble_client_ns
+from .. import (
+    CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+    CONF_ON_NOTIFY,
+    ble_client_ns,
+    notify_from_on_notify,
+    validate_descriptor_not_notify,
+)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
-CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
-
-CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC = "characteristic"
 TYPE_RSSI = "rssi"
 
@@ -85,6 +88,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         },
         lower=True,
     ),
+    validate_descriptor_not_notify,
+    notify_from_on_notify,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp
index 4bd871dc81..5dbb7e42ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void BLESensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t ga
         break;
       }
       this->handle = chr->handle;
-      if (this->descr_uuid_.get_uuid().len > 0) {
+      if (this->descr_uuid_.is_set()) {
         auto *descr = chr->get_descriptor(this->descr_uuid_);
         if (descr == nullptr) {
           this->status_set_warning();
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ void BLESensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t ga
         this->handle = descr->handle;
       }
       if (this->notify_) {
-        auto status = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(),
-                                                        this->parent()->get_remote_bda(), chr->handle);
+        auto status = this->parent()->register_for_notify(chr->handle);
         if (status) {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify failed, status=%d", status);
         }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 0f53cccdad..820f60845d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,13 +9,16 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
 
-from .. import ble_client_ns
+from .. import (
+    CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+    CONF_ON_NOTIFY,
+    ble_client_ns,
+    notify_from_on_notify,
+    validate_descriptor_not_notify,
+)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
-CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
-
-CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 
 adv_data_t = cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)
 adv_data_t_const_ref = adv_data_t.operator("ref").operator("const")
@@ -48,7 +51,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(ble_client.BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_client.BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA),
+    validate_descriptor_not_notify,
+    notify_from_on_notify,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp
index 7eaa6af076..ed2b0a63a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void BLETextSensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         break;
       }
       this->handle = chr->handle;
-      if (this->descr_uuid_.get_uuid().len > 0) {
+      if (this->descr_uuid_.is_set()) {
         auto *descr = chr->get_descriptor(this->descr_uuid_);
         if (descr == nullptr) {
           this->status_set_warning();
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ void BLETextSensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         this->handle = descr->handle;
       }
       if (this->notify_) {
-        auto status = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(),
-                                                        this->parent()->get_remote_bda(), chr->handle);
+        auto status = this->parent()->register_for_notify(chr->handle);
         if (status) {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify failed, status=%d", status);
         }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43ec736727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+"""
+ble_device_base — the platform-neutral BLE layer.
+
+Owns the shared advertisement types (ESPBTUUID / ESPBTDevice / ServiceData /
+ESPBLEiBeacon / ESPBTDeviceListener, in ble_device.h) and the tracker contract
+(BLEHub, in ble_hub.h; C++-side a per-platform alias bound in ble_hub_impl.h)
+on every platform.
+
+BLE consumers (sensor components, bluetooth_proxy) bind to whichever tracker the
+configuration declares via `cv.use_id(BLEHub)` — ESPHome resolves any declared
+subclass, so there is no Python platform table here and no dependency in
+either direction (C++-side, the compile-time alias header ble_hub_impl.h and the
+defines.h mirror are the deliberate exceptions). A sensor extends
+BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA in its CONFIG_SCHEMA (so an explicit ble_hub_id: is a
+declared key even on strict schemas) and calls register_ble_device() in
+to_code; a tracker component declares BLEHub as its codegen-class parent and
+MUST call register_hub_provider() at import time — without it _require_hub
+rejects configs that bind through the generated id (an explicit ble_hub_id:
+bypasses the registry). Adding a new BLE chip requires a new in-tree tracker
+component plus its alias arm and define (see above); out-of-tree BLE hubs
+are not supported.
+
+AES-CCM decryption for encrypted advertisements is provided portably in
+ble_aes_ccm.h.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import re
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_WINDOW
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_INTERVAL,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, KEY_CORE, TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Bl00d-B0b"]
+
+CONF_BLE_HUB_ID = "ble_hub_id"
+
+# Number of parsed-advertisement listeners registered in this build; read via
+# cg.get_slot_count() by esp32_ble_tracker's feature coupling.
+LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE = "ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT"
+
+
+ble_device_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_device_base")
+
+# The neutral tracker contract. Every tracker's codegen class declares this as
+# a parent, which is what lets cv.use_id(BLEHub) resolve any of them. Python
+# only: C++-side the name is a per-platform alias (ble_hub_impl.h).
+BLEHub = ble_device_base_ns.class_("BLEHub")
+
+# The neutral listener base (C++: ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener).
+ESPBTDeviceListener = ble_device_base_ns.class_("ESPBTDeviceListener")
+
+
+# Config keys that provide a BLEHub, registered by each tracker component at
+# import time (a tracker's module is imported iff it can end up in the build).
+# Used only to phrase an actionable error when a BLE consumer is configured
+# without any tracker — the binding itself resolves any BLEHub subclass and
+# needs no platform table. Out-of-tree BLE hubs are not supported; the
+# registry and the messages below deal in in-tree trackers only.
+_HUB_PROVIDERS: set[str] = set()
+
+# The in-tree trackers per target platform, so the missing-tracker error names
+# them even in a fresh process where no tracker module has been imported yet (a
+# consumer imports only ble_device_base, so the registry is empty exactly in
+# the most common failure: the tracker was simply forgotten). Filtered by the
+# current platform so an esp32 config is not told to add a Beken tracker; an
+# unknown/absent platform falls back to every in-tree name.
+_IN_TREE_HUB_PROVIDERS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "esp32": "esp32_ble_tracker",
+    "bk72xx": "bk72xx_ble_tracker",
+    "rp2": "rp2_ble_tracker",
+    "ln882x": "ln882h_ble_tracker",
+}
+
+
+def register_hub_provider(component: str) -> None:
+    """Called at import time by every component whose config key declares a BLEHub."""
+    _HUB_PROVIDERS.add(component)
+
+
+def _require_hub(value: ID) -> ID:
+    # Without this check a missing tracker surfaces at ID resolution as
+    # "Couldn't find any component that can be used for 'ble_device_base::BLEHub'"
+    # — a C++ class name the user never types. Component final validation cannot
+    # phrase it better: the ID pass runs first and its error skips all later
+    # steps. All explicitly configured components are loaded before any schema
+    # validates, so a registered provider in loaded_integrations is exact here.
+    if value.id is not None:
+        # Explicit ble_hub_id: — the user is pointing at a specific hub (the
+        # multi-hub disambiguation case). Let the ID pass judge it; its error
+        # names the missing id, which is accurate.
+        return value
+    if not _HUB_PROVIDERS & CORE.loaded_integrations:
+        # Defensive lookup rather than CORE.target_platform: the property
+        # raises when no platform is registered, and this message must never
+        # be the thing that crashes. In a real run the platform is always set
+        # (LoadTargetPlatformValidationStep runs before any other domain), so
+        # the unfiltered all-platforms fallback is reachable only from tests.
+        platform = CORE.data.get(KEY_CORE, {}).get(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM)
+        if platform is not None and platform not in _IN_TREE_HUB_PROVIDERS:
+            # Known platform with no in-tree hub (esp8266, host, rtl87xx, …):
+            # listing the other platforms' trackers would misdirect, and
+            # out-of-tree BLE hubs are not supported.
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"No BLE tracker exists for {platform}; BLE components are "
+                "not supported on this platform"
+            )
+        in_tree = (
+            {tracker}
+            if (tracker := _IN_TREE_HUB_PROVIDERS.get(platform))
+            else set(_IN_TREE_HUB_PROVIDERS.values())
+        )
+        # in_tree only: _HUB_PROVIDERS is import-time state that outlives
+        # CORE.reset() in a long-lived process (dashboard), so a tracker from
+        # an earlier build of another platform must not leak into the message.
+        # The gate above is immune — loaded_integrations resets per run.
+        names = ", ".join(sorted(in_tree))
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"No BLE tracker configured — add one of: {names}")
+    return value
+
+
+# Schema fragment binding a consumer to the configured BLE tracker: extend a
+# consumer's CONFIG_SCHEMA with this so ble_hub_id: is a declared key — a
+# trailing validator after a PREVENT_EXTRA schema would reject the explicit
+# form before ever running. An omitted id resolves to the single declared
+# tracker on any platform; multiple trackers are disambiguated with an
+# explicit ble_hub_id.
+BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_HUB_ID): cv.All(cv.use_id(BLEHub), _require_hub)}
+)
+
+
+def rename_legacy_hub_id(component: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Transitional alias for the pre-migration binding key: esp32_ble_id ->
+    ble_hub_id. Warns and auto-migrates until removal; every migrated platform
+    prepends this to its CONFIG_SCHEMA so existing configs keep validating."""
+    return cv.rename_key(
+        "esp32_ble_id", CONF_BLE_HUB_ID, removed_in="2027.2.0", component=component
+    )
+
+
+def request_irk_support() -> None:
+    """Compile in resolve_irk()'s software-AES path. Called by sensors with an
+    irk: option so builds without IRK do not carry the resolution code."""
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK")
+
+
+# Number of GATT client connection slots in this build; sizes the platform
+# backend's connection storage.
+GATT_CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE = "ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT"
+
+_request_gatt_connection_slot = cg.slot_counter(GATT_CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE)
+
+
+def request_gatt_client() -> None:
+    """Compile in the neutral GATT client contract (ble_gatt_client.h) and
+    claim one compiled-in client slot (sizes ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT;
+    distinct from the proxy's validated connection budget). Called by
+    bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend() once per backend instance."""
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT")
+    _request_gatt_connection_slot()
+
+
+_request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter(LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE)
+
+
+async def register_ble_device(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    """Register `var` as a parsed-advertisement listener on the configured hub."""
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BLE_HUB_ID])
+    cg.add(hub.register_listener(var))
+    _request_listener_slot()
+    return var
+
+
+# ---- shared validation / codegen helpers (platform-neutral) ----
+
+
+def to_ble_units(value: cv.TimePeriod) -> int:
+    """Convert a scan time to the controller's 0.625 ms units.
+
+    Used by both validation and codegen so what is validated is exactly what is
+    programmed — the truncation here is what makes the duty-cycle check below
+    meaningful.
+    """
+    return value.total_microseconds // 625
+
+
+def validate_scan_parameters(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject impossible window/interval/duration combinations at config time.
+
+    The controller cannot scan for longer than the interval, and a too-short
+    duration would end the scan period almost immediately. Catching it here
+    gives a clear error instead of a runtime controller failure and a retry
+    loop.
+    """
+    duration = config[CONF_DURATION]
+    interval = config[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    window = config[CONF_WINDOW]
+
+    # Labels are reused in every error below; the optional one names its key.
+    windows = [("Scan window", window)]
+    if (connection_window := config.get(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)) is not None:
+        windows.append((CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW, connection_window))
+
+    for name, value in windows:
+        if value > interval:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{name} ({value}) needs to be smaller than scan interval ({interval})"
+            )
+
+    # BLE scan interval/window are programmed in 0.625 ms units as a 16-bit value; the
+    # controller only accepts 2.5 ms .. 10240 ms (0x0004 .. 0x4000). Reject out-of-range
+    # values here instead of letting the unit conversion silently overflow.
+    for name, value in (("Scan interval", interval), *windows):
+        if value.total_microseconds < 2500 or value.total_microseconds > 10_240_000:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"{name} ({value}) must be between 2.5 ms and 10240 ms")
+
+    # Validate what actually reaches the controller: both values are truncated to
+    # whole 0.625 ms units, so a window/interval pair that differs by less than one
+    # unit collapses to the same value — silently programming a 100 % duty cycle
+    # (radio permanently on) from a config that asked for less.
+    interval_units = to_ble_units(interval)
+    for name, value in windows:
+        if to_ble_units(value) == interval_units and value < interval:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{name} ({value}) and interval ({interval}) both truncate to "
+                f"{interval_units} x 0.625 ms, which the controller scans at a 100 % duty "
+                f"cycle. Separate them by at least 0.625 ms."
+            )
+
+    if interval.total_microseconds * 3 > duration.total_microseconds:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Scan duration ({duration}) must cover at least three scan intervals "
+            f"({interval}): the scanner listens on one of the three BLE advertising "
+            f"channels per interval, so a shorter duration can miss devices entirely."
+        )
+
+    return config
+
+
+# The historical scan window default shared by the trackers that do not pin
+# their own; also the fallback for esp32's conditional default.
+DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW = "30ms"
+
+CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW = "connection_scan_window"
+
+
+def scan_parameters_schema(
+    interval_default: str,
+    *,
+    window_default: str | Callable[[], TimePeriod] = DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW,
+    connection_window: bool = False,
+) -> cv.All:
+    """Build the scan_parameters value schema shared by all BLE trackers.
+
+    interval_default and window_default are per chip (e.g. esp32 320/30 ms,
+    bk72xx/rp2 100/30 ms — the reference scan rates of the respective stacks;
+    LN882H's SDK recommends 100/50 ms). window_default may also be a zero-arg
+    callable evaluated per validation when the user omits the key (esp32 uses
+    this to record that the window was defaulted, so a later validation step
+    can adjust it once sibling keys are resolved). The `active` option
+    (default on) is unconditional: active scanning is part of the tracker
+    contract — every current proxy client assumes it, so a passive-only
+    tracker must not share this schema. connection_window opts in to the
+    `connection_scan_window` option for trackers that can fall back to a
+    smaller window while a GATT connection is active.
+    """
+    schema = {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DURATION, default="5min"): cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERVAL, default=interval_default): cv.positive_time_period,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WINDOW, default=window_default): cv.positive_time_period,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+    }
+    if connection_window:
+        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)] = cv.positive_time_period
+    return cv.All(cv.Schema(schema), validate_scan_parameters)
+
+
+BT_UUID16_FORMAT = "XXXX"
+BT_UUID32_FORMAT = "XXXXXXXX"
+BT_UUID128_FORMAT = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
+
+_BT_UUID16_RE = re.compile("^[A-F0-9]{4,}$")
+_BT_UUID32_RE = re.compile("^[A-F0-9]{8,}$")
+_BT_UUID128_RE = re.compile(
+    "^[A-F0-9]{8,}-[A-F0-9]{4,}-[A-F0-9]{4,}-[A-F0-9]{4,}-[A-F0-9]{12,}$"
+)
+
+
+# Validator table keyed by input length: (compiled pattern, label used in errors).
+_BT_UUID_FORMATS = {
+    len(BT_UUID16_FORMAT): (_BT_UUID16_RE, "16 bit"),
+    len(BT_UUID32_FORMAT): (_BT_UUID32_RE, "32 bit"),
+    len(BT_UUID128_FORMAT): (_BT_UUID128_RE, "128"),
+}
+
+
+def bt_uuid(value: str) -> str:
+    in_value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    value = in_value.upper()
+
+    fmt = _BT_UUID_FORMATS.get(len(value))
+    if fmt is None:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Bluetooth UUID must be in 16 bit '{BT_UUID16_FORMAT}', 32 bit '{BT_UUID32_FORMAT}', or 128 bit '{BT_UUID128_FORMAT}' format"
+        )
+    pattern, label = fmt
+    if not pattern.match(value):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Invalid hexadecimal value for {label} UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def as_hex(value: str) -> cg.RawExpression:
+    return cg.RawExpression(f"0x{value}ULL")
+
+
+def _hex_array_expression(value: str, reverse: bool) -> cg.RawExpression:
+    value = value.replace("-", "")
+    cpp_array = [
+        f"0x{part}" for part in [value[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(value), 2)]
+    ]
+    if reverse:
+        cpp_array.reverse()
+    return cg.RawExpression(f"(uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){{{','.join(cpp_array)}}}")
+
+
+def as_hex_array(value: str) -> cg.RawExpression:
+    return _hex_array_expression(value, reverse=False)
+
+
+def as_reversed_hex_array(value: str) -> cg.RawExpression:
+    return _hex_array_expression(value, reverse=True)
+
+
+def add_service_uuid(var: cg.MockObj, service_uuid: str) -> None:
+    """Emit the width-matched service-UUID setter for a consumer.
+
+    16-/32-bit UUIDs go out as plain hex literals, 128-bit as a reversed byte
+    array (BLE wire order). Shared here so every sensor platform dispatches the
+    same way instead of carrying its own if/elif copy.
+    """
+    if len(service_uuid) == len(BT_UUID16_FORMAT):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(as_hex(service_uuid)))
+    elif len(service_uuid) == len(BT_UUID32_FORMAT):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(as_hex(service_uuid)))
+    elif len(service_uuid) == len(BT_UUID128_FORMAT):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(as_reversed_hex_array(service_uuid)))
+    else:
+        # bt_uuid restricts lengths to exactly these three formats; if that
+        # ever loosens, fail the build instead of emitting no setter (a
+        # sensor whose match_by_ is unset silently never matches). ValueError,
+        # not cv.Invalid: this runs from to_code, after validation, where
+        # voluptuous errors surface as raw tracebacks.
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported UUID format: {service_uuid}")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba3128c0ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Platform-neutral BLE advertisement triggers: ESPBTDeviceListener subclasses
+// registered on a BLEHub, exposed by each tracker under its own automation
+// names. parse_device()'s return feeds the "Found device" suppression.
+// Constructors are templated on the hub type so this header also builds with
+// no tracker present (host unit tests).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ble_device.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+// on_ble_advertise: fires on every BLE advertisement, optionally filtered to one or more MACs.
+class ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPBTDevice &>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  template<typename Hub> explicit ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+
+  void set_addresses(std::initializer_list<uint64_t> addresses) { this->addresses_ = addresses; }
+
+  bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+    if (!this->addresses_.empty() && std::find(this->addresses_.begin(), this->addresses_.end(),
+                                               device.address_uint64()) == this->addresses_.end()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this->trigger(device);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  FixedVector<uint64_t> addresses_;
+};
+
+// on_ble_service_data_advertise: fires when an advertisement contains service
+// data for the given UUID. Optional single-MAC filter.
+class BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const adv_data_t &>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  template<typename Hub> explicit BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+
+  void set_service_uuid16(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(static_cast<uint16_t>(uuid)); }
+  void set_service_uuid32(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(uuid)); }
+  void set_service_uuid128(const uint8_t *uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
+
+  void set_address(uint64_t address) {
+    this->address_ = address;
+    this->has_address_ = true;
+  }
+
+  bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+    if (this->has_address_ && device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (const auto &sd : device.get_service_datas()) {
+      if (sd.uuid == this->uuid_) {
+        this->trigger(sd.data);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ESPBTUUID uuid_{};
+  uint64_t address_{0};
+  bool has_address_{false};
+};
+
+// on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise: fires when an advertisement contains
+// manufacturer data for the given ID. Optional single-MAC filter.
+class BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger final : public Trigger<const adv_data_t &>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  template<typename Hub> explicit BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+
+  void set_manufacturer_uuid16(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(static_cast<uint16_t>(uuid)); }
+  void set_manufacturer_uuid32(uint64_t uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(static_cast<uint32_t>(uuid)); }
+  void set_manufacturer_uuid128(const uint8_t *uuid) { this->uuid_ = ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
+
+  void set_address(uint64_t address) {
+    this->address_ = address;
+    this->has_address_ = true;
+  }
+
+  bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+    if (this->has_address_ && device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (const auto &md : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
+      if (md.uuid == this->uuid_) {
+        this->trigger(md.data);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ESPBTUUID uuid_{};
+  uint64_t address_{0};
+  bool has_address_{false};
+};
+
+// on_scan_end: fires whenever a scan period ends (duration elapsed or stop
+// requested). A listener whose on_scan_end() hook fires the trigger — never
+// claims devices (parse_device always returns false).
+class BLEEndOfScanTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  template<typename Hub> explicit BLEEndOfScanTrigger(Hub *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
+
+  bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
+  void on_scan_end() override { this->trigger(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6acc4edb92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/automation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""Shared codegen for the neutral BLE advertisement triggers (automation.h)."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import (
+    BT_UUID16_FORMAT,
+    BT_UUID32_FORMAT,
+    BT_UUID128_FORMAT,
+    LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE,
+    as_hex,
+    as_reversed_hex_array,
+    ble_device_base_ns,
+)
+
+adv_data_t = cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)
+adv_data_t_const_ref = adv_data_t.operator("ref").operator("const")
+ESPBTDeviceConstRef = (
+    ble_device_base_ns.class_("ESPBTDevice").operator("ref").operator("const")
+)
+
+ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger = ble_device_base_ns.class_(
+    "ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(ESPBTDeviceConstRef)
+)
+BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_device_base_ns.class_(
+    "BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(adv_data_t_const_ref)
+)
+BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_device_base_ns.class_(
+    "BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger",
+    automation.Trigger.template(adv_data_t_const_ref),
+)
+BLEEndOfScanTrigger = ble_device_base_ns.class_(
+    "BLEEndOfScanTrigger", automation.Trigger.template()
+)
+
+# UUID string length -> setter width. 16/32-bit go out as plain hex literals,
+# 128-bit as a reversed byte array (BLE wire order). Keyed exhaustively so an
+# impossible length fails as a KeyError instead of silently picking a width
+# (bt_uuid validation upstream only ever produces these three).
+_UUID_WIDTHS = {
+    len(BT_UUID16_FORMAT): "16",
+    len(BT_UUID32_FORMAT): "32",
+    len(BT_UUID128_FORMAT): "128",
+}
+
+
+def uuid_trigger_schema(
+    trigger_class: MockObjClass, extra: dict[Any, Any] | None = None
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """Schema for a UUID-filtered trigger — pairs with uuid_trigger_to_code().
+
+    `extra` carries the required UUID key (a cv marker, so a dict rather than
+    **kwargs); the optional single-mac filter is what uuid_trigger_to_code()
+    reads back.
+    """
+    return automation.validate_automation(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(trigger_class),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
+            **(extra or {}),
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def advertise_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """on_ble_advertise schema: multi-mac list filter, unlike the single-mac
+    uuid_trigger_schema() — pairs with advertise_trigger_to_code()."""
+    return automation.validate_automation(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(trigger_class),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.ensure_list(cv.mac_address),
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def scan_end_trigger_schema(trigger_class: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """on_scan_end schema: id only — pairs with scan_end_trigger_to_code()."""
+    return automation.validate_automation(
+        {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(trigger_class)}
+    )
+
+
+# Triggers register as ble_device_base listeners in their constructors; count
+# them where they are created so no backend can undercount the StaticVector
+# (push_back past capacity drops silently). Shares the define with
+# register_ble_device() via the core slot-counter factory.
+_count_listener = cg.slot_counter(LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE)
+
+
+async def advertise_trigger_to_code(conf: ConfigType, var: cg.MockObj) -> None:
+    """Build an on_ble_advertise trigger (optional multi-mac filter)."""
+    trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+    if (macs := conf.get(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS)) is not None:
+        cg.add(trigger.set_addresses([it.as_hex for it in macs]))
+    await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(ESPBTDeviceConstRef, "x")], conf)
+    _count_listener()
+
+
+async def scan_end_trigger_to_code(conf: ConfigType, var: cg.MockObj) -> None:
+    """Build an on_scan_end trigger."""
+    trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+    await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+    _count_listener()
+
+
+async def uuid_trigger_to_code(
+    conf: ConfigType, var: cg.MockObj, key: str, setter_prefix: str
+) -> None:
+    """Build a UUID-filtered advertise trigger.
+
+    The UUID width picks the setter: 16-/32-bit go out as a plain hex literal,
+    128-bit as a reversed byte array (BLE wire order).
+    """
+    trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+    uuid = conf[key]
+    width = _UUID_WIDTHS[len(uuid)]
+    value = as_hex(uuid) if width != "128" else as_reversed_hex_array(uuid)
+    cg.add(getattr(trigger, f"{setter_prefix}{width}")(value))
+    if (mac := conf.get(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS)) is not None:
+        cg.add(trigger.set_address(mac.as_hex))
+    await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(adv_data_t_const_ref, "x")], conf)
+    _count_listener()
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ff34acc34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#include "ble_aes_ccm.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+namespace {
+
+// AES-128 forward cipher only — CCM uses the block cipher in the encrypt
+// direction for both the CTR keystream and the CBC-MAC.
+const uint8_t SBOX[256] = {
+    0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76,  //
+    0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0,  //
+    0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15,  //
+    0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75,  //
+    0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84,  //
+    0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf,  //
+    0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8,  //
+    0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2,  //
+    0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73,  //
+    0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb,  //
+    0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79,  //
+    0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08,  //
+    0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a,  //
+    0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e,  //
+    0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf,  //
+    0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16,  //
+};
+
+const uint8_t RCON[11] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36};
+
+inline uint8_t xtime(uint8_t x) { return static_cast<uint8_t>((x << 1) ^ ((x & 0x80) ? 0x1b : 0x00)); }
+
+// AES-128 forward cipher with on-the-fly key schedule.
+class Aes128 {
+ public:
+  explicit Aes128(const uint8_t key[16]) {
+    memcpy(this->rk_, key, 16);
+    for (size_t i = 16; i < 176; i += 4) {
+      uint8_t t[4] = {this->rk_[i - 4], this->rk_[i - 3], this->rk_[i - 2], this->rk_[i - 1]};
+      if (i % 16 == 0) {
+        const uint8_t tmp = t[0];
+        t[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(SBOX[t[1]] ^ RCON[i / 16]);
+        t[1] = SBOX[t[2]];
+        t[2] = SBOX[t[3]];
+        t[3] = SBOX[tmp];
+      }
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        this->rk_[i + j] = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->rk_[i - 16 + j] ^ t[j]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void encrypt(const uint8_t in[16], uint8_t out[16]) const {
+    uint8_t s[16];
+    memcpy(s, in, 16);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+      s[i] ^= this->rk_[i];
+
+    for (size_t round = 1; round < 10; round++) {
+      for (uint8_t &b : s)
+        b = SBOX[b];
+      shift_rows(s);
+      for (size_t c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
+        uint8_t *col = s + c * 4;
+        const uint8_t a0 = col[0], a1 = col[1], a2 = col[2], a3 = col[3];
+        const uint8_t h = static_cast<uint8_t>(a0 ^ a1 ^ a2 ^ a3);
+        col[0] ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(h ^ xtime(static_cast<uint8_t>(a0 ^ a1)));
+        col[1] ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(h ^ xtime(static_cast<uint8_t>(a1 ^ a2)));
+        col[2] ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(h ^ xtime(static_cast<uint8_t>(a2 ^ a3)));
+        col[3] ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(h ^ xtime(static_cast<uint8_t>(a3 ^ a0)));
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+        s[i] ^= this->rk_[round * 16 + i];
+    }
+
+    for (uint8_t &b : s)
+      b = SBOX[b];
+    shift_rows(s);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+      s[i] ^= this->rk_[160 + i];
+    memcpy(out, s, 16);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  static void shift_rows(uint8_t s[16]) {
+    uint8_t t = s[1];
+    s[1] = s[5];
+    s[5] = s[9];
+    s[9] = s[13];
+    s[13] = t;
+    t = s[2];
+    s[2] = s[10];
+    s[10] = t;
+    t = s[6];
+    s[6] = s[14];
+    s[14] = t;
+    t = s[3];
+    s[3] = s[15];
+    s[15] = s[11];
+    s[11] = s[7];
+    s[7] = t;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t rk_[176];
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void aes128_encrypt_block(const uint8_t key[16], const uint8_t in[16], uint8_t out[16]) {
+  Aes128 aes(key);
+  aes.encrypt(in, out);
+}
+
+bool aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(const uint8_t key[16], const uint8_t *nonce, size_t nonce_len, const uint8_t *aad,
+                          size_t aad_len, const uint8_t *ciphertext, size_t ct_len, uint8_t *plaintext,
+                          const uint8_t *tag, size_t tag_len) {
+  // CCM length field width L and tag width M (RFC 3610 §2.2). For a 13-byte
+  // nonce L = 2; BTHome uses M = 4.
+  if (nonce_len < 7 || nonce_len > 13 || tag_len < 4 || tag_len > 16)
+    return false;
+  const size_t l = 15 - nonce_len;
+  const size_t m = tag_len;
+
+  const Aes128 aes(key);
+
+  // Build CTR block A_i = [L-1] | nonce | counter(L bytes, big-endian).
+  uint8_t a[16];
+  auto build_ctr = [&](uint32_t counter) {
+    a[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(l - 1);
+    memcpy(a + 1, nonce, nonce_len);
+    memset(a + 1 + nonce_len, 0, l);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < l; i++)
+      a[15 - i] = static_cast<uint8_t>((counter >> (8 * i)) & 0xff);
+  };
+
+  // S_0 = E(A_0); its first m bytes mask the transmitted tag.
+  uint8_t s0[16];
+  build_ctr(0);
+  aes.encrypt(a, s0);
+
+  // CTR-decrypt ciphertext into plaintext using S_1, S_2, ...
+  uint8_t ks[16];
+  for (size_t off = 0; off < ct_len; off += 16) {
+    build_ctr(static_cast<uint32_t>(off / 16) + 1);
+    aes.encrypt(a, ks);
+    const size_t n = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(16), ct_len - off);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+      plaintext[off + i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(ciphertext[off + i] ^ ks[i]);
+  }
+
+  // CBC-MAC over B_0 | (formatted AAD) | plaintext.
+  uint8_t x[16];
+  uint8_t b0[16];
+  const uint8_t flags = static_cast<uint8_t>((aad_len > 0 ? 0x40 : 0x00) | (((m - 2) / 2) << 3) | (l - 1));
+  b0[0] = flags;
+  memcpy(b0 + 1, nonce, nonce_len);
+  memset(b0 + 1 + nonce_len, 0, l);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < l; i++)
+    b0[15 - i] = static_cast<uint8_t>((ct_len >> (8 * i)) & 0xff);
+  aes.encrypt(b0, x);  // X_1 = E(B_0)
+
+  if (aad_len > 0) {
+    // Only the < 2^16-2^8 encoding is needed for BLE-sized AAD.
+    uint8_t blk[16] = {0};
+    blk[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>((aad_len >> 8) & 0xff);
+    blk[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(aad_len & 0xff);
+    size_t ai = 0;
+    size_t pos = 2;
+    while (pos < 16 && ai < aad_len)
+      blk[pos++] = aad[ai++];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+      x[i] ^= blk[i];
+    aes.encrypt(x, x);
+    while (ai < aad_len) {
+      memset(blk, 0, 16);
+      const size_t n = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(16), aad_len - ai);
+      memcpy(blk, aad + ai, n);
+      ai += n;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+        x[i] ^= blk[i];
+      aes.encrypt(x, x);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (size_t off = 0; off < ct_len; off += 16) {
+    uint8_t blk[16] = {0};
+    const size_t n = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(16), ct_len - off);
+    memcpy(blk, plaintext + off, n);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+      x[i] ^= blk[i];
+    aes.encrypt(x, x);
+  }
+
+  // Expected tag U = T XOR S_0[0..m). Constant-time compare with the received tag.
+  uint8_t diff = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < m; i++)
+    diff |= static_cast<uint8_t>((x[i] ^ s0[i]) ^ tag[i]);
+  return diff == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d337ad8ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+// Self-contained AES-128-CCM authenticated decryption (RFC 3610).
+//
+// Encrypted BLE advertisements (BTHome, several Xiaomi/ATC variants) use
+// AES-128-CCM. The platform crypto that provides it is inconsistent across BLE
+// targets: ESP-IDF exposes PSA/mbedtls, but a LibreTiny SDK may keep its mbedtls
+// internal (e.g. the beken-72xx SDK ships mbedtls with CCM enabled but does not
+// put it on the application include path), so a sensor cannot rely on
+// <mbedtls/ccm.h> being available. This software implementation makes
+// encrypted-advertisement decryption work on every BLE platform without a
+// per-chip crypto dependency. Decryption volume is tiny (one short block per
+// matching advertisement), so software AES is not a meaningful cost.
+//
+// Verifies the CCM authentication tag and, on success, writes `ct_len` decrypted
+// bytes to `plaintext` and returns true. Returns false when authentication fails
+// (the caller must then discard `plaintext`). The CCM parameters follow the
+// caller (BTHome: 13-byte nonce, 4-byte tag, no associated data); `aad` may be
+// null when `aad_len` is 0.
+/// AES-128 single-block encrypt (the same software cipher CCM uses). Used by
+/// ESPBTDevice::resolve_irk() for the Bluetooth "ah" RPA hash, so IRK matching
+/// works identically on every platform with no chip crypto dependency.
+void aes128_encrypt_block(const uint8_t key[16], const uint8_t in[16], uint8_t out[16]);
+
+bool aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(const uint8_t key[16], const uint8_t *nonce, size_t nonce_len, const uint8_t *aad,
+                          size_t aad_len, const uint8_t *ciphertext, size_t ct_len, uint8_t *plaintext,
+                          const uint8_t *tag, size_t tag_len);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55817024b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "ble_client_state.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+const char *client_state_to_string(ClientState state) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case ClientState::INIT:
+      return "INIT";
+    case ClientState::DISCONNECTING:
+      return "DISCONNECTING";
+    case ClientState::IDLE:
+      return "IDLE";
+    case ClientState::DISCOVERED:
+      return "DISCOVERED";
+    case ClientState::CONNECTING:
+      return "CONNECTING";
+    case ClientState::CONNECTED:
+      return "CONNECTED";
+    case ClientState::ESTABLISHED:
+      return "ESTABLISHED";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92754b70b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// ble_client_state.h
+//
+// Platform-neutral GATT client connection state types, shared by every
+// platform's GATT client implementation (esp32_ble_client, bluetooth_connection
+// backends). Moved here from esp32_ble_tracker, which re-exports them under its
+// own namespace for backward compatibility.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+/// ESPHome-private errors for the API's plain-int error fields, outside the
+/// ATT code range so they cannot be mistaken for spec errors. -1 is
+/// understood by API clients as "not connected". Shared by every GATT
+/// client backend.
+static constexpr int GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED = -1;
+static constexpr int GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY = -2;
+/// ATT "Unlikely Error" (spec 0x0E): a client-side internal inconsistency,
+/// e.g. a service table failing its own bounds checks.
+static constexpr int GATT_ERR_UNLIKELY = 0x0E;
+
+/// Safety net shared by every GATT backend: force IDLE when the stack never
+/// delivers its disconnect completion.
+static constexpr uint32_t GATT_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 10000;
+
+/// ATT MTU before negotiation completes (Bluetooth spec default).
+static constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_ATT_MTU = 23;
+
+// Preferred connection parameters shared by every platform's GATT client so
+// the backends cannot drift (units: interval 1.25 ms, timeout 10 ms; latency
+// 0). FAST covers connection setup and service discovery; MEDIUM is the
+// steady state once established. Stack defaults (12.5-15 ms) are too slow for
+// stable connections through WiFi-based BLE proxies, causing disconnections;
+// MEDIUM balances responsiveness with bandwidth usage.
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x07;  // 7 * 1.25ms = 8.75ms
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x09;  // 9 * 1.25ms = 11.25ms
+// The timeout value was increased from 6s to 8s to address stability issues observed
+// in certain BLE devices when operating through WiFi-based BLE proxies. The longer
+// timeout reduces the likelihood of disconnections during periods of high latency.
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
+
+// Fastest connection parameters for devices with short discovery timeouts
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
+
+enum class ClientState : uint8_t {
+  // Connection is allocated
+  INIT,
+  // Client is disconnecting
+  DISCONNECTING,
+  // Connection is idle, no device detected.
+  IDLE,
+  // Device advertisement found.
+  DISCOVERED,
+  // Connection in progress.
+  CONNECTING,
+  // Initial connection established.
+  CONNECTED,
+  // The client and sub-clients have completed setup.
+  ESTABLISHED,
+};
+
+// Helper function to convert ClientState to string
+const char *client_state_to_string(ClientState state);
+
+enum class ConnectionType : uint8_t {
+  // The default connection type, we hold all the services in ram
+  // for the duration of the connection.
+  V1,
+  // The client has a cache of the services and mtu so we should not
+  // fetch them again
+  V3_WITH_CACHE,
+  // The client does not need the services and mtu once we send them
+  // so we should wipe them from memory as soon as we send them
+  V3_WITHOUT_CACHE
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23ca6b1dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+// ble_device.cpp
+//
+// Platform-neutral implementation of the shared BLE advertisement types.
+// Parses raw BLE advertisement data into ESPBTDevice.
+
+#include "ble_device.h"
+
+#include "ble_aes_ccm.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ble_device_base";
+
+// Longest advertisement payload worth hex-dumping at VERY_VERBOSE
+// (legacy advertising: 31-byte adv + 31-byte scan response).
+static constexpr size_t BLE_ADV_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 62;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBTUUID
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uint16_t uuid) {
+  ESPBTUUID ret;
+  ret.type_ = Type::UUID16;
+  ret.uuid_.uuid16 = uuid;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uint32_t uuid) {
+  ESPBTUUID ret;
+  ret.type_ = Type::UUID32;
+  ret.uuid_.uuid32 = uuid;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_raw(const uint8_t *data) {
+  ESPBTUUID ret;
+  ret.type_ = Type::UUID128;
+  memcpy(ret.uuid_.uuid128, data, 16);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(const uint8_t *data) {
+  ESPBTUUID ret;
+  ret.type_ = Type::UUID128;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    ret.uuid_.uuid128[i] = data[15 - i];
+  return ret;
+}
+
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_raw(const char *data, size_t length) {
+  // Same text-parsing semantics as the historical esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID::from_raw.
+  ESPBTUUID ret;
+  if (length == 4) {
+    // 16-bit UUID as 4-character hex string
+    auto parsed = parse_hex<uint16_t>(data, length);
+    if (parsed.has_value()) {
+      ret.type_ = Type::UUID16;
+      ret.uuid_.uuid16 = parsed.value();
+    }
+  } else if (length == 8) {
+    // 32-bit UUID as 8-character hex string
+    auto parsed = parse_hex<uint32_t>(data, length);
+    if (parsed.has_value()) {
+      ret.type_ = Type::UUID32;
+      ret.uuid_.uuid32 = parsed.value();
+    }
+  } else if (length == 16) {
+    // 16 raw bytes (little-endian 128-bit UUID)
+    ret.type_ = Type::UUID128;
+    memcpy(ret.uuid_.uuid128, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data), 16);
+  } else if (length == 36) {
+    // Dashed text form XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
+    ret.type_ = Type::UUID128;
+    int n = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
+      if (data[i] == '-')
+        i++;
+      uint8_t msb = data[i];
+      uint8_t lsb = data[i + 1];
+      if (msb > '9')
+        msb -= 7;
+      if (lsb > '9')
+        lsb -= 7;
+      ret.uuid_.uuid128[15 - n++] = ((msb & 0x0F) << 4) | (lsb & 0x0F);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ERROR: UUID value not 4, 8, 16 or 36 bytes - %s", data);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(esp_bt_uuid_t uuid) {
+  if (uuid.len == 0)  // the unset sentinel get_uuid() emits
+    return {};
+  if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16)
+    return ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid.uuid.uuid16);
+  if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32)
+    return ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid.uuid.uuid32);
+  return ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid.uuid.uuid128);
+}
+
+esp_bt_uuid_t ESPBTUUID::get_uuid() const {
+  esp_bt_uuid_t ret;
+  switch (this->type_) {
+    case Type::UNSET:
+      ret.len = 0;
+      memset(&ret.uuid, 0, sizeof(ret.uuid));
+      break;
+    case Type::UUID16:
+      ret.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16;
+      ret.uuid.uuid16 = this->uuid_.uuid16;
+      break;
+    case Type::UUID32:
+      ret.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_32;
+      ret.uuid.uuid32 = this->uuid_.uuid32;
+      break;
+    default:
+    case Type::UUID128:
+      ret.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_128;
+      memcpy(ret.uuid.uuid128, this->uuid_.uuid128, ESP_UUID_LEN_128);
+      break;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void ESPBTDevice::parse_scan_rst(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
+  this->scan_result_ = &scan_result;
+  // BLEScanResult's bda is most-significant octet first; the neutral ingest
+  // takes the BLE controller (LSB-first) order, so reverse — address_uint64()/
+  // address_str_to() then produce exactly the historical esp32 values.
+  uint8_t mac_lsb_first[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    mac_lsb_first[i] = scan_result.bda[5 - i];
+  this->from_scan_result(mac_lsb_first, scan_result.rssi, scan_result.ble_addr_type, scan_result.ble_adv,
+                         scan_result.adv_data_len + scan_result.scan_rsp_len);
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
+
+ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::as_128bit() const {
+  // Widening an unset UUID stays unset; expanding it would produce a set 0x0000 base UUID.
+  if (this->type_ == Type::UNSET || this->type_ == Type::UUID128)
+    return *this;
+  uint8_t data[16];
+  this->to_128bit_(data);
+  return ESPBTUUID::from_raw(data);
+}
+
+bool ESPBTUUID::contains(uint8_t data1, uint8_t data2) const {
+  // Adjacent byte-pair search — identical semantics to esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID::contains.
+  switch (this->type_) {
+    case Type::UNSET:
+      return false;
+    case Type::UUID16:
+      return (this->uuid_.uuid16 >> 8) == data2 && (this->uuid_.uuid16 & 0xFF) == data1;
+    case Type::UUID32:
+      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        bool a = ((this->uuid_.uuid32 >> i * 8) & 0xFF) == data1;
+        bool b = ((this->uuid_.uuid32 >> (i + 1) * 8) & 0xFF) == data2;
+        if (a && b)
+          return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    case Type::UUID128:
+      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
+        if (this->uuid_.uuid128[i] == data1 && this->uuid_.uuid128[i + 1] == data2)
+          return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+const char *ESPBTUUID::to_str(char *buf) const {
+  // Identical output format to esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID::to_str.
+  char *pos = buf;
+  switch (this->type_) {
+    case Type::UNSET:
+      memcpy(buf, "None", 5);
+      return buf;
+    case Type::UUID16:
+      *pos++ = '0';
+      *pos++ = 'x';
+      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(this->uuid_.uuid16 >> 12);
+      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char((this->uuid_.uuid16 >> 8) & 0x0F);
+      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char((this->uuid_.uuid16 >> 4) & 0x0F);
+      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(this->uuid_.uuid16 & 0x0F);
+      *pos = 0;  // NUL-terminate
+      return buf;
+    case Type::UUID32:
+      *pos++ = '0';
+      *pos++ = 'x';
+      for (int shift = 28; shift >= 0; shift -= 4)
+        *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char((this->uuid_.uuid32 >> shift) & 0x0F);
+      *pos = 0;  // NUL-terminate
+      return buf;
+    default:
+    case Type::UUID128:
+      // Format: XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
+      for (int8_t i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
+        uint8_t byte = this->uuid_.uuid128[i];
+        *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(byte >> 4);
+        *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(byte & 0x0F);
+        if (i == 12 || i == 10 || i == 8 || i == 6)
+          *pos++ = '-';
+      }
+      *pos = 0;  // NUL-terminate
+      return buf;
+  }
+}
+
+void ESPBTUUID::to_128bit_(uint8_t out[16]) const {
+  // Bluetooth Base UUID 00000000-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB (LSB-first), with the 16/32-bit
+  // value placed at bytes 12..; identical expansion to esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID::as_128bit().
+  // Callers screen out UNSET first (operator==, as_128bit); it would expand like 0x0000.
+  static const uint8_t BASE[16] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                                   0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  if (this->type_ == Type::UUID128) {
+    memcpy(out, this->uuid_.uuid128, 16);
+    return;
+  }
+  memcpy(out, BASE, 16);
+  const uint32_t value = (this->type_ == Type::UUID32) ? this->uuid_.uuid32 : this->uuid_.uuid16;
+  const size_t len = (this->type_ == Type::UUID32) ? 4 : 2;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+    out[12 + i] = (value >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+bool ESPBTUUID::operator==(const ESPBTUUID &other) const {
+  if (this->type_ == other.type_) {
+    switch (this->type_) {
+      case Type::UNSET:
+        return true;
+      case Type::UUID16:
+        return this->uuid_.uuid16 == other.uuid_.uuid16;
+      case Type::UUID32:
+        return this->uuid_.uuid32 == other.uuid_.uuid32;
+      case Type::UUID128:
+        return memcmp(this->uuid_.uuid128, other.uuid_.uuid128, 16) == 0;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Unset never equals a set UUID; 0x0000 is a valid value, distinct from "not configured".
+  if (this->type_ == Type::UNSET || other.type_ == Type::UNSET)
+    return false;
+  // Different widths: expand both to the 128-bit Bluetooth Base UUID form and compare, so a
+  // configured 16/32-bit UUID matches the equivalent 128-bit advertisement (esp32 parity).
+  uint8_t a[16];
+  uint8_t b[16];
+  this->to_128bit_(a);
+  other.to_128bit_(b);
+  return memcmp(a, b, 16) == 0;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBLEiBeacon
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ESPBLEiBeacon::ESPBLEiBeacon(const uint8_t *data) { memcpy(&this->beacon_data_, data, sizeof(this->beacon_data_)); }
+
+optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(const ServiceData &data, bool *prefix_rejected) {
+  // iBeacon manufacturer specific data (after company-ID bytes have been stripped):
+  //   [0x02][0x15][16-byte UUID][2-byte major][2-byte minor][1-byte power] = exactly 23 bytes
+  if (!data.uuid.contains(0x4C, 0x00))  // Apple company ID 0x004C
+    return {};
+  if (data.data.size() != 23)
+    return {};
+  // Require the iBeacon sub-type/length prefix — stricter than the legacy
+  // esp32 parser, which accepted any 23-byte Apple payload and surfaced
+  // non-iBeacon frames as garbage beacons.
+  if (data.data[0] != 0x02 || data.data[1] != 0x15) {
+    if (prefix_rejected != nullptr)
+      *prefix_rejected = true;
+    return {};
+  }
+  return ESPBLEiBeacon(data.data.data());
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBTDevice
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> ESPBTDevice::get_ibeacon() const {
+  bool prefix_rejected = false;
+  uint8_t rejected_sub_type = 0;
+  uint8_t rejected_len = 0;
+  for (const auto &it : this->manufacturer_datas_) {
+    bool rejected = false;
+    auto res = ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(it, &rejected);
+    if (res.has_value())
+      return res;
+    if (rejected && !prefix_rejected) {
+      prefix_rejected = true;
+      rejected_sub_type = it.data[0];
+      rejected_len = it.data[1];
+    }
+  }
+  if (prefix_rejected) {
+    // Only when no beacon was found at all: these frames were accepted before
+    // the prefix check, so their disappearance must be observable at the
+    // default log level. Throttled so a chatty non-iBeacon Apple advertiser
+    // cannot flood the log; a different address may bypass the shared window
+    // so that advertiser cannot mask the device that actually regressed — but
+    // with a 1 s floor, or two alternating advertisers log every frame.
+    static uint32_t last_log = 0;
+    static uint64_t last_addr = 0;
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    const uint64_t addr = this->address_uint64();
+    const uint32_t since = now - last_log;
+    if (last_log == 0 || since > 60000 || (addr != last_addr && since > 1000)) {
+      last_log = now;
+      last_addr = addr;
+      char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s: 23-byte Apple frame without iBeacon prefix ignored (sub-type 0x%02X len 0x%02X)",
+               this->address_str_to(addr_buf), rejected_sub_type, rejected_len);
+    }
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+const char *ESPBTDevice::address_type_str() const {
+  switch (this->address_type_) {
+    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC:
+      return "PUBLIC";
+    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RANDOM:
+      return "RANDOM";
+    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_PUBLIC:
+      return "RPA_PUBLIC";
+    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_RANDOM:
+      return "RPA_RANDOM";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
+void ESPBTDevice::from_scan_result(const uint8_t *mac, int rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                   uint16_t data_len) {
+  // Ingest is BLE controller order (LSB-first); store in printable (MSB-first)
+  // order so the raw address() accessor matches the historical esp32 layout.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    this->address_[i] = mac[5 - i];
+  this->address_type_ = addr_type;
+  this->rssi_ = rssi;
+  this->name_len_ = 0;
+  this->name_[0] = '\0';
+  this->service_uuids_.clear();
+  this->manufacturer_datas_.clear();
+  this->service_datas_.clear();
+  this->tx_powers_.clear();
+  this->appearance_.reset();
+  this->ad_flag_.reset();
+  this->parse_adv_(data, data_len);
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
+  char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
+            "Parse Result:\n"
+            "  Address: %s (%s)\n"
+            "  RSSI: %d\n"
+            "  Name: '%s'",
+            this->address_str_to(addr_buf), this->address_type_str(), this->rssi_, this->name_);
+  for (auto &it : this->tx_powers_) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  TX Power: %d", it);
+  }
+  if (this->appearance_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Appearance: %u", *this->appearance_);
+  }
+  if (this->ad_flag_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Ad Flag: %u", *this->ad_flag_);
+  }
+  char uuid_buf[UUID_STR_LEN];
+  for (auto &uuid : this->service_uuids_) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Service UUID: %s", uuid.to_str(uuid_buf));
+  }
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(BLE_ADV_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+  for (auto &mfg_data : this->manufacturer_datas_) {
+    auto ibeacon = ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(mfg_data);
+    if (ibeacon.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
+                "  Manufacturer iBeacon:\n"
+                "    UUID: %s\n"
+                "    Major: %u\n"
+                "    Minor: %u\n"
+                "    TXPower: %d",
+                ibeacon.value().get_uuid().to_str(uuid_buf), ibeacon.value().get_major(), ibeacon.value().get_minor(),
+                ibeacon.value().get_signal_power());
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Manufacturer ID: %s, data: %s", mfg_data.uuid.to_str(uuid_buf),
+                format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, mfg_data.data.data(), mfg_data.data.size()));
+    }
+  }
+  for (auto &svc_data : this->service_datas_) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
+              "  Service data:\n"
+              "    UUID: %s\n"
+              "    Data: %s",
+              svc_data.uuid.to_str(uuid_buf),
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, svc_data.data.data(), svc_data.data.size()));
+  }
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Adv data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, data_len));
+#endif  // ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
+}
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+std::string ESPBTDevice::address_str() const {
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return std::string(this->address_str_to(buf));
+}
+
+const char *ESPBTDevice::address_str_to(char *buf) const {
+  // address_ is stored in printable (MSB-first) order.
+  format_mac_addr_upper(this->address_, buf);
+  return buf;
+}
+
+uint64_t ESPBTDevice::address_uint64() const {
+  // address_ is MSB-first; byte 0 of the result is the LSB (esp32 semantics).
+  uint64_t addr = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    addr |= static_cast<uint64_t>(this->address_[i]) << ((5 - i) * 8);
+  return addr;
+}
+
+bool ESPBTDevice::resolve_irk(const uint8_t *irk) const {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK
+  // Bluetooth Core 5.x "ah" function: hash = e(IRK, padding | prand)[low 24 bits].
+  // The resolvable private address is prand (top 3 bytes) | hash (bottom 3 bytes).
+  // Uses the portable software AES-128 shared with the CCM decryptor, so IRK
+  // matching behaves identically on every platform (volume is one block per
+  // advertisement from a matching RPA device — software AES is not a cost).
+  uint8_t ecb_plaintext[16] = {0};
+  uint8_t ecb_ciphertext[16];
+  const uint64_t addr64 = this->address_uint64();
+  ecb_plaintext[13] = (addr64 >> 40) & 0xff;
+  ecb_plaintext[14] = (addr64 >> 32) & 0xff;
+  ecb_plaintext[15] = (addr64 >> 24) & 0xff;
+  aes128_encrypt_block(irk, ecb_plaintext, ecb_ciphertext);
+  return ecb_ciphertext[15] == (addr64 & 0xff) && ecb_ciphertext[14] == ((addr64 >> 8) & 0xff) &&
+         ecb_ciphertext[13] == ((addr64 >> 16) & 0xff);
+#else
+  // No sensor configured an irk: in this build; the AES core is compiled out.
+  (void) irk;
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+void ESPBTDevice::parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len) {
+  // BLE AD structure TLV: [length][type][value...]
+  // length includes the type byte.
+  uint16_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < len) {
+    uint8_t ad_len = payload[offset++];
+    if (ad_len == 0)
+      continue;  // possible zero-padded advertisement data (esp32_ble_tracker skips these too)
+    if (offset + ad_len > len)
+      break;
+    uint8_t ad_type = payload[offset];
+    const uint8_t *ad_data = &payload[offset + 1];
+    uint8_t ad_data_len = ad_len - 1;
+    offset += ad_len;
+
+    switch (ad_type) {
+      case 0x01:  // Flags
+        if (ad_data_len >= 1)
+          this->ad_flag_ = ad_data[0];
+        break;
+
+      case 0x08:  // Shortened Local Name
+      case 0x09:  // Complete Local Name
+        // Keep the longest name seen — a merged adv + scan-response frame may carry both the
+        // shortened and the complete name, and the shortened form must never replace the
+        // complete one (same rule as esp32_ble_tracker's parse_adv_).
+        if (ad_data_len > this->name_len_) {
+          uint8_t name_len = ad_data_len > MAX_ADV_NAME_LEN ? MAX_ADV_NAME_LEN : static_cast<uint8_t>(ad_data_len);
+          memcpy(this->name_, ad_data, name_len);
+          this->name_[name_len] = '\0';
+          this->name_len_ = name_len;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 0x0A:  // TX Power Level
+        if (ad_data_len >= 1)
+          this->tx_powers_.push_back(static_cast<int8_t>(ad_data[0]));
+        break;
+
+      case 0x19:  // Appearance
+        if (ad_data_len >= 2)
+          this->appearance_ = static_cast<uint16_t>(ad_data[0]) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(ad_data[1]) << 8);
+        break;
+
+      case 0x02:  // Incomplete List of 16-bit Service UUIDs
+      case 0x03:  // Complete List of 16-bit Service UUIDs
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; (i + 1) < ad_data_len; i += 2) {
+          uint16_t uuid = (static_cast<uint16_t>(ad_data[i + 1]) << 8) | ad_data[i];
+          this->service_uuids_.push_back(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 0x04:  // Incomplete List of 32-bit Service UUIDs
+      case 0x05:  // Complete List of 32-bit Service UUIDs
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; (i + 3) < ad_data_len; i += 4) {
+          uint32_t uuid = (static_cast<uint32_t>(ad_data[i + 3]) << 24) |
+                          (static_cast<uint32_t>(ad_data[i + 2]) << 16) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(ad_data[i + 1]) << 8) |
+                          ad_data[i];
+          this->service_uuids_.push_back(ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 0x06:  // Incomplete List of 128-bit Service UUIDs
+      case 0x07:  // Complete List of 128-bit Service UUIDs
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; (i + 15) < ad_data_len; i += 16)
+          this->service_uuids_.push_back(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(&ad_data[i]));
+        break;
+
+      case 0xFF:  // Manufacturer Specific Data
+        if (ad_data_len >= 2) {
+          uint16_t company_id = (static_cast<uint16_t>(ad_data[1]) << 8) | ad_data[0];
+          ServiceData sd;
+          sd.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(company_id);
+          sd.data.assign(ad_data + 2, ad_data + ad_data_len);
+          this->manufacturer_datas_.push_back(std::move(sd));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 0x16:  // Service Data — 16-bit UUID
+        if (ad_data_len >= 2) {
+          uint16_t uuid = (static_cast<uint16_t>(ad_data[1]) << 8) | ad_data[0];
+          ServiceData sd;
+          sd.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
+          sd.data.assign(ad_data + 2, ad_data + ad_data_len);
+          this->service_datas_.push_back(std::move(sd));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 0x20:  // Service Data — 32-bit UUID
+        if (ad_data_len >= 4) {
+          uint32_t uuid = (static_cast<uint32_t>(ad_data[3]) << 24) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(ad_data[2]) << 16) |
+                          (static_cast<uint32_t>(ad_data[1]) << 8) | ad_data[0];
+          ServiceData sd;
+          sd.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
+          sd.data.assign(ad_data + 4, ad_data + ad_data_len);
+          this->service_datas_.push_back(std::move(sd));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 0x21:  // Service Data — 128-bit UUID
+        if (ad_data_len >= 16) {
+          ServiceData sd;
+          sd.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_raw(ad_data);
+          sd.data.assign(ad_data + 16, ad_data + ad_data_len);
+          this->service_datas_.push_back(std::move(sd));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DiscoveredDeviceLog
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void DiscoveredDeviceLog::log_device(const char *tag, const ESPBTDevice &device) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG
+  // Everything here feeds ESP_LOGD: below DEBUG the whole body (including the
+  // dedup vector growth) would be pure overhead, so compile it out entirely.
+  const uint64_t address = device.address_uint64();
+  for (auto &disc : this->already_discovered_) {
+    if (disc == address)
+      return;
+  }
+  this->already_discovered_.push_back(address);
+
+  char addr_buf[ESPBTDevice::MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  ESP_LOGD(tag,
+           "Found device %s RSSI=%d\n"
+           "  Address Type: %s",
+           device.address_str_to(addr_buf), device.get_rssi(), device.address_type_str());
+  if (!device.get_name().empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(tag, "  Name: '%s'", device.get_name().c_str());
+  }
+  for (auto &tx_power : device.get_tx_powers()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(tag, "  TX Power: %d", tx_power);
+  }
+#endif  // ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..668f7e09f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// ble_device.h
+//
+// Platform-neutral BLE advertisement types — the generic base every BLE consumer
+// (sensor components, bluetooth_proxy, automation triggers) builds against:
+//   ESPBTUUID / ServiceData / ESPBLEiBeacon / ESPBTDevice / ESPBTDeviceListener
+//
+// These types are owned here on EVERY platform, with no chip-SDK types in their
+// public surface. Platform trackers produce them:
+//   - esp32_ble_tracker adapts ESP-IDF scan results into ESPBTDevice and
+//     re-exports these names (esp32 only) for backward compatibility;
+//   - the LibreTiny trackers (bk72xx / ln882h) feed from_scan_result() directly.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_span)
+#include <span>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// Historical esp32_ble API surface (below, under the same define) uses the
+// ESP-IDF UUID/address/scan-result types directly; never referenced off-esp32.
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_scan_result.h"
+#include <esp_bt_defs.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+using adv_data_t = std::vector<uint8_t>;
+
+// Bluetooth Core address types (spec values; matches ESP-IDF's esp_ble_addr_type_t).
+static constexpr uint8_t BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RANDOM = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_PUBLIC = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_RANDOM = 3;
+
+/// Buffer size for UUID string: "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX\0"
+static constexpr size_t UUID_STR_LEN = 37;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBTUUID — 16/32/128-bit Bluetooth UUID value type.
+// API-compatible with the historical esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID; the esp_bt_uuid_t
+// conversions live in esp32_ble (esp32-only adapters), not here.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ESPBTUUID {
+ public:
+  ESPBTUUID() = default;
+
+  static ESPBTUUID from_uint16(uint16_t uuid);
+  static ESPBTUUID from_uint32(uint32_t uuid);
+  /// Construct from raw 16-byte little-endian UUID.
+  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const uint8_t *data);
+  /// Construct from raw 16-byte big-endian UUID (reversed on store).
+  static ESPBTUUID from_raw_reversed(const uint8_t *data);
+  /// Parse from text: 4 hex chars (16-bit), 8 hex chars (32-bit), 16 raw bytes,
+  /// or the 36-char dashed UUID form. Same semantics as esp32_ble historically.
+  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const char *data, size_t length);
+  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const char *data) { return from_raw(data, strlen(data)); }
+  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const std::string &data) { return from_raw(data.c_str(), data.length()); }
+  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
+    return from_raw(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data.begin()), data.size());
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// Source compatibility with the historical esp32_ble API (esp32 builds only).
+  static ESPBTUUID from_uuid(esp_bt_uuid_t uuid);
+  esp_bt_uuid_t get_uuid() const;
+#endif
+
+  /// Expand to the 128-bit Bluetooth Base UUID form.
+  ESPBTUUID as_128bit() const;
+
+  /// True if the UUID value contains the adjacent byte pair (data1, data2).
+  bool contains(uint8_t data1, uint8_t data2) const;
+
+  bool operator==(const ESPBTUUID &other) const;
+  bool operator!=(const ESPBTUUID &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+  /// Write "0xABCD" / "0xABCDEF01" / the dashed 128-bit form, or "None" for an
+  /// unset UUID, into buf (>= UUID_STR_LEN bytes) and return buf.
+  const char *to_str(char *buf) const;
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_span)
+  const char *to_str(std::span<char, UUID_STR_LEN> output) const { return this->to_str(output.data()); }
+#endif
+  // UNSET is the default-constructed state; get_uuid() reports it as len 0 (the historical sentinel).
+  enum class Type : uint8_t { UNSET, UUID16, UUID32, UUID128 };
+  Type type() const { return this->type_; }
+  /// True if a UUID has been configured (not default-constructed).
+  bool is_set() const { return this->type_ != Type::UNSET; }
+  uint16_t uuid16() const { return this->uuid_.uuid16; }
+  uint32_t uuid32() const { return this->uuid_.uuid32; }
+  const uint8_t *uuid128() const { return this->uuid_.uuid128; }
+
+ protected:
+  // Expand to the 128-bit Bluetooth Base UUID byte form (out is 16 bytes, little-endian).
+  void to_128bit_(uint8_t out[16]) const;
+
+  Type type_{Type::UNSET};
+  union {
+    uint16_t uuid16;
+    uint32_t uuid32;
+    uint8_t uuid128[16];
+  } uuid_{};
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ServiceData — UUID-tagged advertisement payload (0x16 / 0xFF AD types)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ServiceData {
+  ESPBTUUID uuid;
+  adv_data_t data;
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBLEiBeacon
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ESPBLEiBeacon {
+ public:
+  ESPBLEiBeacon() { memset(&this->beacon_data_, 0, sizeof(this->beacon_data_)); }
+  explicit ESPBLEiBeacon(const uint8_t *data);
+  /// prefix_rejected: caller must initialise to false; set to true ONLY when a
+  /// 23-byte Apple frame was refused for lacking the 0x02/0x15 iBeacon prefix —
+  /// the case the legacy esp32 parser accepted. Never written on accept or on
+  /// the non-Apple/wrong-size rejects. The caller with the device address does
+  /// the logging (see ESPBTDevice::get_ibeacon()).
+  static optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> from_manufacturer_data(const ServiceData &data, bool *prefix_rejected = nullptr);
+
+  uint16_t get_major() const { return byteswap(this->beacon_data_.major); }
+  uint16_t get_minor() const { return byteswap(this->beacon_data_.minor); }
+  int8_t get_signal_power() const { return this->beacon_data_.signal_power; }
+  ESPBTUUID get_uuid() const { return ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(this->beacon_data_.proximity_uuid); }
+
+ protected:
+  struct PACKED BeaconData {
+    uint8_t sub_type;
+    uint8_t length;
+    uint8_t proximity_uuid[16];
+    uint16_t major;
+    uint16_t minor;
+    int8_t signal_power;
+  } beacon_data_;
+};
+
+/// Pack a controller-order (LSB-first) MAC into the uint64 the API speaks.
+/// Trackers with LSB-native SDKs call this at the emit site before filling
+/// RawAdvertisement::address; ESPBTDevice::address_uint64() is the equivalent
+/// for an already parsed device, whose address is stored MSB-first.
+inline uint64_t mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(const uint8_t *mac) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    addr |= static_cast<uint64_t>(mac[i]) << (i * 8);
+  return addr;
+}
+
+/// Unpack a uint64 BLE address into printable (MSB-first) byte order —
+/// the order bd_addr_t / esp_bd_addr_t style APIs expect.
+inline void uint64_to_mac_msb_first(uint64_t address, uint8_t out[6]) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    out[i] = (address >> ((5 - i) * 8)) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBTDevice — parsed BLE advertisement
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ESPBTDevice {
+ public:
+  /// Populate from a raw scan result delivered by a BLE tracker backend.
+  /// mac is least-significant octet first (BLE controller convention).
+  void from_scan_result(const uint8_t *mac, int rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t data_len);
+
+  // Alias the core constant so the two cannot drift apart.
+  static constexpr size_t MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE = esphome::MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+  /// Return MAC as "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" string.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use address_str_to() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0.", "2026.8.0")
+  std::string address_str() const;
+  /// Writes "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0" into buf (>= MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE bytes), returns buf.
+  const char *address_str_to(char *buf) const;
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_span)
+  const char *address_str_to(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) const {
+    return this->address_str_to(buf.data());
+  }
+#endif
+  /// Return MAC as packed uint64 (byte 0 in LSB — matches esp32's address_uint64).
+  uint64_t address_uint64() const;
+  /// Raw MAC bytes in printable (MSB-first) order — matches the historical
+  /// esp32 layout (ESP-IDF bda order).
+  const uint8_t *address() const { return address_; }
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // Historical esp32 signature: consumers assign the result to esp_ble_addr_type_t.
+  esp_ble_addr_type_t get_address_type() const { return static_cast<esp_ble_addr_type_t>(this->address_type_); }
+  /// Historical esp32 ingest (esp32 builds only): parse an ESP-IDF scan result.
+  /// Prefer ESPBTDevice::from_scan_result(); deprecation is a follow-up pending
+  /// consumer feedback on the raw scan-result fields.
+  void parse_scan_rst(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult &scan_result);
+  // Exposed through a function for use in lambdas
+  const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult &get_scan_result() const { return *scan_result_; }
+#else
+  uint8_t get_address_type() const { return this->address_type_; }
+#endif
+  /// Human-readable address type ("PUBLIC", "RANDOM", "RPA_PUBLIC", "RPA_RANDOM" or
+  /// "UNKNOWN"), backed by the shared BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* constants above.
+  const char *address_type_str() const;
+
+  int get_rssi() const { return rssi_; }
+  /// Advertised name as a view into the fixed buffer (always NUL-terminated,
+  /// so c_str() is safe); converts implicitly to std::string where needed.
+  StringRef get_name() const { return StringRef(this->name_, this->name_len_); }
+
+  const std::vector<ESPBTUUID> &get_service_uuids() const { return service_uuids_; }
+  const std::vector<ServiceData> &get_manufacturer_datas() const { return manufacturer_datas_; }
+  const std::vector<ServiceData> &get_service_datas() const { return service_datas_; }
+  const std::vector<int8_t> &get_tx_powers() const { return tx_powers_; }
+  const optional<uint16_t> &get_appearance() const { return appearance_; }
+  const optional<uint8_t> &get_ad_flag() const { return ad_flag_; }
+
+  /// Resolve a Resolvable Private Address against a 16-byte IRK (Bluetooth "ah"
+  /// function, AES-128). Uses the portable software AES shared with the CCM
+  /// decryptor; compiled only when a sensor configures irk: (request_irk_support).
+  bool resolve_irk(const uint8_t *irk) const;
+
+  optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> get_ibeacon() const;
+
+ protected:
+  void parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len);
+
+  // Max name bytes in a legacy advertisement AD element (31-byte PDU minus
+  // the 2-byte element header); every in-tree tracker scans legacy PDUs only.
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_ADV_NAME_LEN = 29;
+
+  uint8_t address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};
+  uint8_t address_type_{0};
+  int rssi_{0};
+  // Fixed buffer instead of std::string: no per-advertisement heap churn on
+  // the scan path, and no libstdc++ string/exception machinery in the image.
+  char name_[MAX_ADV_NAME_LEN + 1]{};
+  uint8_t name_len_{0};
+  std::vector<ESPBTUUID> service_uuids_{};
+  std::vector<ServiceData> manufacturer_datas_{};
+  std::vector<ServiceData> service_datas_{};
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult *scan_result_{nullptr};
+#endif
+  std::vector<int8_t> tx_powers_{};
+  optional<uint16_t> appearance_{};
+  optional<uint8_t> ad_flag_{};
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DiscoveredDeviceLog — shared per-scan-period "Found device" DEBUG logger
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Per-scan-period "Found device" DEBUG logger, deduplicated by MAC address.
+/// Shared by all tracker backends so the output format and dedup behaviour stay
+/// identical by construction (single implementation instead of per-chip copies).
+class DiscoveredDeviceLog {
+ public:
+  /// Log the device at DEBUG the first time its MAC is seen this scan period.
+  void log_device(const char *tag, const ESPBTDevice &device);
+  /// Reset the per-period dedup list (call when a scan period ends).
+  void clear() { this->already_discovered_.clear(); }
+
+ protected:
+  std::vector<uint64_t> already_discovered_;
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ESPBTDeviceListener — base class for BLE consumers (sensors, proxy, triggers)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ESPBTDeviceListener() = default;
+  /// Called at the end of each scan duration period.
+  virtual void on_scan_end() {}
+  virtual bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b95fb6878a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// ble_gatt_client.h
+//
+// Platform-neutral GATT client connection contract.
+//
+// Exactly one GATT backend exists per build, so BLEGattConnection is a
+// compile-time alias (bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h), not an abstract
+// interface.
+// A consumer - the hub wrapper streaming the raw database, or a direct
+// consumer owning a dedicated backend and resolving handles by UUID -
+// drives it and receives completions through the GattClientListener
+// interface. All listener calls are delivered on the ESPHome main loop;
+// borrowed data pointers are valid only for the duration of the call.
+//
+// Error domain (plain int, forwarded to the API without translation):
+//   0            success
+//   1..0x11      ATT error codes (Bluetooth spec; BTstack and Bluedroid agree)
+//   GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED (-1)  no connection to the peer (on esp32 a raw
+//                ESP_FAIL from the stack shares this value; both read as a
+//                failed, unusable connection on the client side)
+//   GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY (-2)      backend storage exhausted
+//   anything else: platform stack error/status code, surfaced opaquely.
+// Connection events carry HCI status/disconnect reason codes (same code
+// space on every controller).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "ble_client_state.h"
+#include "ble_device.h"
+
+#include <concepts>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+// Materialized GATT database of a connected peer, discovered by the backend
+// and streamed to the API by the consumer. Flat arrays with index ranges
+// (not pointers): a service owns characteristics
+// [first_characteristic, first_characteristic + characteristic_count) and a
+// characteristic owns descriptors [first_descriptor, ...) — discovery is
+// depth-first, so the ranges are naturally contiguous.
+struct GattDescriptor {
+  ESPBTUUID uuid;
+  uint16_t handle;
+};
+
+struct GattCharacteristic {
+  ESPBTUUID uuid;
+  uint16_t value_handle;
+  // Needed to rebuild the stack's characteristic object for CCCD operations.
+  uint16_t end_handle;
+  uint8_t properties;  // Bluetooth spec property bitfield
+  uint16_t first_descriptor;
+  uint16_t descriptor_count;
+};
+
+struct GattService {
+  ESPBTUUID uuid;
+  uint16_t start_handle;
+  uint16_t end_handle;
+  uint16_t first_characteristic;
+  uint16_t characteristic_count;
+};
+
+/// Borrowed view of the backend-owned service table. Valid from a successful
+/// on_service_discovery_done() until release_services(). Characteristics and
+/// descriptors are reached through the per-service/per-characteristic index
+/// ranges; the array totals let a consumer bounds-check those ranges instead
+/// of trusting the backend's discovery bookkeeping blindly.
+struct GattServiceTable {
+  const GattService *services{nullptr};
+  const GattCharacteristic *characteristics{nullptr};
+  const GattDescriptor *descriptors{nullptr};
+  uint16_t service_count{0};
+  uint16_t characteristic_count{0};
+  uint16_t descriptor_count{0};
+};
+
+/// The event surface a backend delivers completions through - the one place
+/// with genuine runtime polymorphism (several consumer types, one non-virtual
+/// backend). Methods default to no-ops; consumers override what they consume.
+/// No destructor: components are never destroyed.
+/// on_connection_state carries the negotiated MTU and an HCI status/reason.
+/// Codegen wires the listener before setup(), so backends skip null checks.
+class GattClientListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_service_discovery_done(int error) {}
+  virtual void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {}
+  virtual void on_pairing_result(int status) {}
+};
+
+// The BLEGattConnection op surface, asserted where the alias binds
+// (bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h). Operations return 0 when accepted (completion arrives
+// through the listener) or a synchronous error (busy, not connected, stack
+// rejection); one operation may be outstanding at a time. Semantics beyond
+// the signatures:
+// - connect: addr_type is a BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* constant (ble_device.h).
+// - gatt_disconnect: also cancels a connect in progress (named to coexist
+//   with a platform stack's own void disconnect() on one backend class).
+//   Nonzero means nothing to tear down and no completion will follow; an
+//   accepted teardown (0) always reaches a terminal on_connection_state.
+// - cancel_gatt_disconnect: true cancels a scheduled teardown that has not
+//   started closing - the in-flight connect resumes and completes normally.
+//   False once the teardown owns the link (or nothing was scheduled).
+// - notify_characteristic: local registration only; the CCCD write is the
+//   API client's responsibility (a plain write_descriptor).
+// - get_service_table/release_services: backend-owned transient storage,
+//   released after streaming (release is idempotent). A backend may
+//   additionally provide its own service streamer (stream_service_batch on
+//   the concrete type, detected by the consumer at compile time) for
+//   arbitrary-size databases; the table then materializes only for consumers
+//   that ask for it.
+// - completions: connect and gatt_disconnect land in on_connection_state,
+//   discover_services in on_service_discovery_done, pair in
+//   on_pairing_result, reads in on_read_result, notify_characteristic in
+//   on_notify_state, characteristic writes (with and without response) and
+//   descriptor writes in on_write_result.
+template<typename T>
+concept BLEGattConnectionContract = requires(T conn, GattClientListener *listener, const uint8_t *data) {
+  conn.set_listener(listener);
+  { conn.connect(uint64_t{}, uint8_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.gatt_disconnect() } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.cancel_gatt_disconnect() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { conn.discover_services() } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.read_characteristic(uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.write_characteristic(uint16_t{}, data, uint16_t{}, true) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.read_descriptor(uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.write_descriptor(uint16_t{}, data, uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.notify_characteristic(uint16_t{}, true) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.pair() } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.update_connection_params(uint16_t{}, uint16_t{}, uint16_t{}, uint16_t{}) } -> std::same_as<int>;
+  { conn.get_service_table() } -> std::same_as<GattServiceTable>;
+  { conn.release_services() } -> std::same_as<void>;
+  // Connection-type hint for backends that tune parameters by it; others
+  // carry an inline no-op.
+  { conn.set_connection_type(ConnectionType{}) } -> std::same_as<void>;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9da6371012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// ble_hub.h
+//
+// The platform-neutral BLE tracker contract: shared types plus the method
+// surface every tracker provides (documented below). Exactly one tracker
+// exists per build, so BLEHub is a compile-time alias (ble_hub_impl.h), not
+// an abstract interface — no vtable, every hub call inlinable. Consumers
+// include ble_hub_impl.h and bind in YAML via cv.use_id(BLEHub).
+//
+// Chip differences are expressed as data (HubCapabilities), never as
+// platform conditionals in consumers.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#include <concepts>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+/// One raw advertisement as delivered by the controller — a borrowed view,
+/// valid only for the duration of the invoke() callback.
+struct RawAdvertisement {
+  /// Producers convert their native byte order at the emit site, so no
+  /// byte-order convention crosses this contract.
+  uint64_t address;
+  const uint8_t *data;
+  uint16_t data_len;
+  int8_t rssi;  // signed dBm
+  uint8_t addr_type;
+};
+
+/// Subscriber slot for the raw-advertisement stream (the bluetooth_proxy
+/// path). The hub delivers on the ESPHome main loop. Same shape as
+/// logger.h's LogCallback: an instance pointer plus a plain function
+/// pointer — no virtuals, no std::function.
+///
+/// Usage:
+///   hub->set_raw_advertisement_callback({this, [](void *self, const RawAdvertisement &adv) {
+///     static_cast<MyComponent *>(self)->on_raw_advertisement(adv);
+///   }});
+struct RawAdvertisementCallback {
+  void *instance{nullptr};
+  void (*fn)(void *instance, const RawAdvertisement &adv){nullptr};
+  /// A default-constructed slot is "no subscriber"; hubs must guard on this.
+  bool is_set() const { return this->fn != nullptr; }
+  void invoke(const RawAdvertisement &adv) const { this->fn(this->instance, adv); }
+};
+
+/// Scanner lifecycle, wire-value aligned with the api enum so consumers cast
+/// directly (pinned by static_asserts at the cast sites).
+enum class ScannerState : uint8_t {
+  IDLE = 0,
+  STARTING = 1,
+  RUNNING = 2,
+  FAILED = 3,
+  STOPPING = 4,
+  STOPPED = 5,
+};
+
+/// Subscriber slot for scanner-state transitions; same shape as
+/// RawAdvertisementCallback, delivered on the ESPHome main loop. Only hubs
+/// that push provide the setter; consumers of the rest poll scan_running().
+struct ScannerStateCallback {
+  void *instance{nullptr};
+  void (*fn)(void *instance, ScannerState state){nullptr};
+  bool is_set() const { return this->fn != nullptr; }
+  void invoke(ScannerState state) const { this->fn(this->instance, state); }
+};
+
+/// What a tracker's controller/SDK can do — consumers branch on data, not #ifdefs.
+struct HubCapabilities {
+  /// Controller can send scan requests (active scanning).
+  bool active_scan;
+  /// Controller (or tracker) delivers advertisement + scan response as one merged
+  /// frame. When false, consumers relying on scan-response fields (e.g. names)
+  /// may only see them where the receiver merges per address (Home Assistant does).
+  bool merges_scan_response;
+  /// GATT client connections are available: the platform has a
+  /// bluetooth_connection backend (rp2 binds the BLEGattConnection alias in
+  /// bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h; esp32 uses its Bluedroid client).
+  /// Today: esp32 and rp2.
+  bool gatt;
+  /// request_scan_mode() is honored at runtime. Distinct from active_scan:
+  /// a passive-only controller can never switch, and a hub may support
+  /// active scanning yet still refuse the runtime switch (esp32_ble_tracker
+  /// drives its mode through its own tracker API).
+  bool scan_mode_switch;
+};
+
+// The BLEHub method surface, asserted where ble_hub_impl.h binds the alias.
+// Semantics beyond the signatures:
+// - register_listener: parsed-advertisement consumers (sensors, triggers).
+// - set_raw_advertisement_callback: raw stream, one consumer at a time.
+// - get_adapter_mac: printable order, out[0] = MSB.
+// - scan_active: the current/configured mode sends scan requests.
+// - request_scan_mode: false = cannot honor, state untouched (the caller
+//   reports the real state back); true = applied immediately, restarting a
+//   running scan. Honoring is advertised by HubCapabilities::scan_mode_switch.
+// Push hubs additionally provide set_scanner_state_callback(ScannerStateCallback)
+// and get_scanner_state() under USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK; the concept
+// requires both exactly when that define is set. A push hub must emit a
+// transition for every accepted or refused mode request - consumers skip
+// their own mode report on push builds.
+template<typename T>
+concept BLEHubContract = requires(T hub, ESPBTDeviceListener *listener, RawAdvertisementCallback raw_callback,
+                                  uint8_t *mac) {
+  hub.register_listener(listener);
+  hub.set_raw_advertisement_callback(raw_callback);
+  { T::get_capabilities() } -> std::same_as<HubCapabilities>;
+  hub.get_adapter_mac(mac);
+  { hub.scan_running() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { hub.scan_active() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { hub.request_scan_mode(true) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  hub.set_scanner_state_callback(ScannerStateCallback{});
+  { hub.get_scanner_state() } -> std::same_as<ScannerState>;
+#endif
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87214ca7f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// ble_hub_impl.h
+//
+// Binds ble_device_base::BLEHub to the build's one tracker; each tracker's
+// codegen emits its USE_*_BLE_TRACKER define. Consumers include this header,
+// trackers include ble_hub.h (the contract).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE esp32_ble_tracker::ESP32BLETracker
+#elif defined(USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE rp2_ble_tracker::RP2BLETracker
+#elif defined(USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE bk72xx_ble_tracker::BK72xxBLETracker
+#elif defined(USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER)
+#include "esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE ln882h_ble_tracker::LN882HBLETracker
+#endif
+// No #else on purpose: builds without a tracker (host unit tests) get no BLEHub.
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE
+using BLEHub = ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE;
+static_assert(BLEHubContract<BLEHub>, "The build's BLE tracker is missing part of the BLEHub surface (ble_hub.h)");
+#undef ESPHOME_BLE_HUB_TYPE
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c0d766683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "scan_response_merger.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::deliver_(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                  uint8_t data_len, bool raw_only) {
+  // A partial bind is treated as unbound; never dereference half a binding.
+  if (this->dispatcher_ == nullptr || this->scan_continuous_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  this->dispatcher_->dispatch(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len, raw_only,
+                              *this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : this->log_tag_);
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::stash_adv(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                   uint8_t data_len, uint32_t now) {
+  // One pass: find a same-device entry (deliver + reuse) while remembering the
+  // first free slot as the fallback.
+  PendingAdv *slot = nullptr;
+  PendingAdv *free_slot = nullptr;
+  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+    if (!p.used) {
+      if (free_slot == nullptr)
+        free_slot = &p;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (p.addr_type == addr_type && memcmp(p.mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE) == 0) {
+      // Same device advertised again before its scan response arrived — deliver
+      // the previous advertisement (its scan response is not coming) and reuse
+      // the slot, so no frame is ever lost.
+      p.used = false;
+      this->pending_count_--;
+      this->deliver_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+      slot = &p;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (slot == nullptr)
+    slot = free_slot;
+  if (slot == nullptr) {
+    // Table full — degrade gracefully: deliver the advertisement unmerged.
+    this->deliver_(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+    return;
+  }
+  slot->used = true;
+  this->pending_count_++;
+  memcpy(slot->mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  slot->addr_type = addr_type;
+  slot->rssi = rssi;
+  slot->data_len = (data_len <= sizeof(slot->data)) ? data_len : sizeof(slot->data);
+  memcpy(slot->data, data, slot->data_len);
+  slot->stored_ms = now;
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::submit_scan_rsp(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data,
+                                         uint8_t data_len) {
+  // Fast-out on the empty table (sweep/flush use the same guard); this is the
+  // hottest caller.
+  if (this->pending_count_ != 0) {
+    for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+      if (p.used && p.addr_type == addr_type && memcmp(p.mac, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE) == 0) {
+        // Append in place: the slot is released on delivery, so its 62-byte
+        // buffer (legacy adv + scan response) holds the merged frame directly.
+        const uint8_t room = sizeof(p.data) - p.data_len;
+        const uint8_t add = (data_len <= room) ? data_len : room;
+        memcpy(p.data + p.data_len, data, add);
+        p.used = false;
+        this->pending_count_--;
+        // The advertisement's RSSI, not the scan response's (header contract).
+        this->deliver_(mac, p.rssi, addr_type, p.data, p.data_len + add, /*raw_only=*/false);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Unmatched scan-response: goes out on the raw callback only (HA merges per
+  // address); local listeners/triggers receive each advertisement exactly once
+  // via the merged/plain path above.
+  this->deliver_(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len, /*raw_only=*/true);
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::sweep(uint32_t now) {
+  if (this->pending_count_ == 0)
+    return;
+  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+    if (p.used && now - p.stored_ms > PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      p.used = false;
+      this->pending_count_--;
+      this->deliver_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ScanResponseMerger::flush() {
+  if (this->pending_count_ == 0)
+    return;
+  for (auto &p : this->pending_adv_) {
+    if (p.used) {
+      p.used = false;
+      this->pending_count_--;
+      this->deliver_(p.mac, p.rssi, p.addr_type, p.data, p.data_len, /*raw_only=*/false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void AdvDispatcher::dispatch(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                             bool raw_only, const char *log_unclaimed_tag) {
+  // Raw callback (the raw-advertisement path). Both full advertisements and
+  // unmatched scan responses (raw_only) are forwarded.
+  if (this->raw_callback_.is_set()) {
+    const RawAdvertisement adv{.address = mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(mac),
+                               .data = data,
+                               .data_len = data_len,
+                               .rssi = rssi,
+                               .addr_type = addr_type};
+    this->raw_callback_.invoke(adv);
+  }
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Scan-response-only frames are never parsed for local sensors/triggers.
+  if (raw_only)
+    return;
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(mac, rssi, addr_type, data, data_len);
+  // The listener list holds sensors AND the tracker's automation triggers
+  // (the triggers are listeners, exactly like esp32_ble_tracker), so one
+  // loop feeds both and ORs into `found`.
+  bool found = false;
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+    if (listener->parse_device(device)) {
+      found = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!found && log_unclaimed_tag != nullptr)
+    this->discovered_log_.log_device(log_unclaimed_tag, device);
+#endif  // ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+}
+
+void AdvDispatcher::on_scan_end() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
+    listener->on_scan_end();
+  this->discovered_log_.clear();  // reset per-scan "Found device" dedup (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f28790f207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Shared support for trackers whose controller delivers advertisement and
+// scan response as SEPARATE reports (ln882h, rp2, bk72xx; ESP-IDF concatenates
+// both into one result before ESPHome sees it):
+//
+//   ScanResponseMerger — Bluedroid-style merge: a scannable advertisement is
+//   held briefly, its scan response is appended on arrival and the pair is
+//   delivered as ONE merged frame. Merged delivery is what the receiving side
+//   is built around: Home Assistant keeps the latest raw frame per device and
+//   skips re-parsing when it is unchanged — split delivery alternates two raw
+//   frames per device and defeats both.
+//
+//   AdvDispatcher — the delivery half every such tracker repeats: raw
+//   callback, listener parsing, discovered-device log. Trackers delegate
+//   their BLEHub register_listener / set_raw_advertisement_callback here.
+//
+// The merger delivers straight into the tracker's AdvDispatcher — bind() wires
+// the pair once in setup(). Single-task use only (every tracker calls this on
+// the ESPHome main task). The clock is caller-provided: pass the same clock to
+// stash_adv() and sweep() (millis() or App.get_loop_component_start_time(),
+// never mixed).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+// Emitted (cg.add_define) by each tracker that adopts the merger, so builds
+// whose tracker merges in-stack (esp32) never compile this code.
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+
+#include "ble_device.h"
+#include "ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+/// The delivery half of a split-report tracker, shared so the dispatch
+/// contract (raw-callback ordering, raw_only gate, discovered-log policy)
+/// lives in one place. Owns the members every tracker otherwise duplicates;
+/// the tracker's BLEHub methods delegate here.
+class AdvDispatcher {
+ public:
+  void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+    this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
+#endif
+  }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) { this->raw_callback_ = callback; }
+  /// Dispatch one (possibly merged) advertisement: the raw callback, and —
+  /// unless raw_only — parsing for listeners/triggers. raw_only marks
+  /// unmatched scan-response frames: forwarded on the raw callback only, never
+  /// parsed for local sensors/triggers (Home Assistant merges per address).
+  /// log_unclaimed_tag: when non-null, a device no listener claimed is logged
+  /// under this tag (esp32_ble_tracker parity: pass the tracker TAG on
+  /// one-shot scans, nullptr on continuous scans, which would spam).
+  void dispatch(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                bool raw_only, const char *log_unclaimed_tag);
+  /// Fire listeners' on_scan_end and reset the per-scan discovered-log dedup.
+  void on_scan_end();
+
+ protected:
+  RawAdvertisementCallback raw_callback_{};
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Parsed-advertisement consumers registered through ble_device_base.
+  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiations.
+  StaticVector<ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
+  // Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup. Guarded like its only
+  // writer so a no-listener build does not carry an unused vector.
+  DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_{};
+#endif
+};
+
+class ScanResponseMerger {
+ public:
+  /// Wire the merger's output; call once in the tracker's setup(). Every
+  /// delivered frame goes to dispatcher->dispatch(); scan_continuous is read
+  /// at each delivery (runtime continuous flips are honored) to decide the
+  /// unclaimed-device log tag, so both pointers must outlive the merger —
+  /// tracker members always do.
+  void bind(AdvDispatcher *dispatcher, const bool *scan_continuous, const char *log_tag) {
+    this->dispatcher_ = dispatcher;
+    this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+    this->log_tag_ = log_tag;
+  }
+  /// Hold a scannable advertisement, waiting for its scan response. The
+  /// tracker calls this only when it wants the merge (scannable advertisement
+  /// while an active scan runs) and delivers everything else directly. A
+  /// same-device re-advertisement delivers the held frame (its scan response
+  /// is not coming) and reuses the slot; a full table degrades gracefully to
+  /// unmerged delivery.
+  void stash_adv(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                 uint32_t now);
+  /// A scan response arrived: append it to the held advertisement from the
+  /// same device and deliver the pair as one frame. The merged frame reports
+  /// the ADVERTISEMENT's RSSI — every unmerged path reports the
+  /// advertisement's measurement, so a device's RSSI must not jump between two
+  /// measurements depending on merge timing. Unmatched responses are delivered
+  /// raw_only.
+  void submit_scan_rsp(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len);
+  /// Timeout flush (call from loop() with the stash_adv() clock): deliver
+  /// held advertisements whose scan response never arrived (device didn't
+  /// answer / frame lost) — unmerged, past PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS.
+  void sweep(uint32_t now);
+  /// Deliver every held advertisement now (scan period/scan is ending, before
+  /// on_scan_end fires): unmerged delivery, same as the timeout path.
+  void flush();
+  /// Lets loop() skip the cross-TU sweep() call in the common case (empty:
+  /// passive scan, or every pair already matched).
+  bool empty() const { return this->pending_count_ == 0; }
+
+ private:
+  /// All delivery funnels through here: an unbound merger (bind() not called)
+  /// drops the frame instead of jumping through a null pointer, mirroring the
+  /// guard-before-invoke convention of the ble_hub.h callback slots.
+  void deliver_(const uint8_t *mac, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_len,
+                bool raw_only);
+
+  // 62 bytes = legacy adv (31) + scan response (31), the same merged maximum
+  // as ESP-IDF delivers on ESP32.
+  struct PendingAdv {
+    bool used{false};
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+    uint8_t addr_type;
+    int8_t rssi;
+    uint8_t data_len;  // <= sizeof(data)
+    uint8_t data[62];
+    uint32_t stored_ms;
+  };
+  // Sized for the unanswered case: a pair that IS answered normally matches
+  // within one report-queue drain, so a slot is held for the full timeout only
+  // by scannable devices that never reply. 8 concurrent such advertisers
+  // before the merge degrades (frames still delivered, just unmerged) at
+  // ~80 B each.
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_PENDING_ADV = 8;
+  // On air a scan response follows its advertisement by T_IFS (150 µs) — the
+  // timeout only covers HOST-side report queuing under WiFi/BLE coexistence,
+  // measured on-device (ln882h) at up to ~136 ms. 300 ms = >2x that margin,
+  // while staying below any device's re-advertising period.
+  static constexpr uint32_t PENDING_ADV_TIMEOUT_MS = 300;
+  AdvDispatcher *dispatcher_{nullptr};
+  const bool *scan_continuous_{nullptr};  // read at delivery; see bind()
+  const char *log_tag_{nullptr};
+  // pending_count_ mirrors the number of set `used` flags; both are updated
+  // together on every transition.
+  PendingAdv pending_adv_[MAX_PENDING_ADV];
+  uint8_t pending_count_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py
index 3a0f1ade98..a43d3561f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR,
@@ -10,21 +10,22 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_IRK = "irk"
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ble_presence_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_presence")
 BLEPresenceDevice = ble_presence_ns.class_(
     "BLEPresenceDevice",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("iBeacon major identifier requires iBeacon UUID")
     if CONF_IBEACON_MINOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
@@ -33,23 +34,24 @@ def _validate(config):
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ble_presence"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(BLEPresenceDevice)
     .extend(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IRK): cv.uuid,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR): cv.uint16_t,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR): cv.uint16_t,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TIMEOUT, default="5min"): cv.positive_time_period,
             cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_RSSI): cv.All(
                 cv.decibel, cv.int_range(min=-100, max=-30)
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(
         CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_IRK, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, CONF_IBEACON_UUID
     ),
@@ -57,10 +59,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds))
     if min_rssi := config.get(CONF_MIN_RSSI):
@@ -70,20 +72,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_address(mac_address.as_hex))
 
     if irk := config.get(CONF_IRK):
-        irk = esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex_array(str(irk))
+        ble_device_base.request_irk_support()
+        irk = ble_device_base.as_hex_array(str(irk))
         cg.add(var.set_irk(irk))
 
     if service_uuid := config.get(CONF_SERVICE_UUID):
-        if len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format):
-            uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(service_uuid)
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(uuid128))
+        ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, service_uuid)
 
     if ibeacon_uuid := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_UUID):
-        ibeacon_uuid = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
+        ibeacon_uuid = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
         cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_uuid(ibeacon_uuid))
 
         if (ibeacon_major := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR)) is not None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp
index 4a70648ac5..bc169623ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ble_presence_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ble_presence {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_presence";
@@ -10,5 +8,3 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ble_presence";
 void BLEPresenceDevice::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "BLE Presence", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_presence
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
index e17e26ff1c..4e49cc32a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform,
+// and this component is only compiled when configured — which requires a BLE
+// hub — so it builds on any platform with a BLEHub tracker without a per-chip
+// guard.
 namespace esphome::ble_presence {
 
 class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                                public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
+                                public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener,
                                 public Component {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) {
@@ -22,19 +24,19 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
   }
   void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_uuid(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_IBEACON_UUID;
-    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_major(uint16_t major) {
     this->check_ibeacon_major_ = true;
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
     this->minimum_rssi_ = rssi;
   }
   void set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) { this->timeout_ = timeout; }
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     if (this->check_minimum_rssi_ && this->minimum_rssi_ > device.get_rssi()) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -119,9 +121,9 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
   uint64_t address_;
   uint8_t *irk_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
   uint16_t ibeacon_major_{0};
   uint16_t ibeacon_minor_{0};
 
@@ -137,5 +139,3 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_presence
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
index f678865f47..7c7c7b2148 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ble_rssi_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ble_rssi {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_rssi";
@@ -10,5 +8,3 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ble_rssi";
 void BLERSSISensor::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "BLE RSSI Sensor", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_rssi
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
index 8e804ab8e7..a30b94b8b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform,
+// and this component is only compiled when configured — which requires a BLE
+// hub — so it builds on any platform with a BLEHub tracker without a per-chip
+// guard.
 namespace esphome::ble_rssi {
 
-class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
+class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_MAC_ADDRESS;
@@ -20,19 +22,19 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
   }
   void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid);
   }
   void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_SERVICE_UUID;
-    this->uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_uuid(uint8_t *uuid) {
     this->match_by_ = MATCH_BY_IBEACON_UUID;
-    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
+    this->ibeacon_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid);
   }
   void set_ibeacon_major(uint16_t major) {
     this->check_ibeacon_major_ = true;
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
       this->publish_state(NAN);
     this->found_ = false;
   }
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     switch (this->match_by_) {
       case MATCH_BY_MAC_ADDRESS:
         if (device.address_uint64() == this->address_) {
@@ -109,9 +111,9 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
   uint64_t address_;
   uint8_t *irk_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID uuid_;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID ibeacon_uuid_;
   uint16_t ibeacon_major_;
   uint16_t ibeacon_minor_;
 
@@ -120,5 +122,3 @@ class BLERSSISensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESP
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_rssi
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py
index c4e767aa21..6813505d58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR,
@@ -11,18 +11,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_IRK = "irk"
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ble_rssi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_rssi")
 BLERSSISensor = ble_rssi_ns.class_(
-    "BLERSSISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component, esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "BLERSSISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component, ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("iBeacon major identifier requires iBeacon UUID")
     if CONF_IBEACON_MINOR in config and CONF_IBEACON_UUID not in config:
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ def _validate(config):
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ble_rssi"),
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         BLERSSISensor,
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
@@ -42,14 +44,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IRK): cv.uuid,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR): cv.uint16_t,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR): cv.uint16_t,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IBEACON_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid,
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(
         CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_IRK, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, CONF_IBEACON_UUID
     ),
@@ -57,29 +59,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     if mac_address := config.get(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS):
         cg.add(var.set_address(mac_address.as_hex))
 
     if irk := config.get(CONF_IRK):
-        irk = esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex_array(str(irk))
+        ble_device_base.request_irk_support()
+        irk = ble_device_base.as_hex_array(str(irk))
         cg.add(var.set_irk(irk))
 
     if service_uuid := config.get(CONF_SERVICE_UUID):
-        if len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format):
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(service_uuid)))
-        elif len(service_uuid) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format):
-            uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(service_uuid)
-            cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(uuid128))
+        ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, service_uuid)
 
     if ibeacon_uuid := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_UUID):
-        ibeacon_uuid = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
+        ibeacon_uuid = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
         cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_uuid(ibeacon_uuid))
 
         if (ibeacon_major := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR)) is not None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp
index d85894edc8..3d7a301793 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ble_scanner.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ble_scanner {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_scanner";
@@ -10,5 +8,3 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ble_scanner";
 void BLEScanner::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "BLE Scanner", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_scanner
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
index c70ee637ef..0efc42682b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
@@ -5,35 +5,25 @@
 #include <ctime>
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform,
+// and this component is only compiled when configured — which requires a BLE
+// hub — so it builds on any platform with a BLEHub tracker without a per-chip
+// guard.
 namespace esphome::ble_scanner {
 
-class BLEScanner final : public text_sensor::TextSensor,
-                         public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
-                         public Component {
+class BLEScanner final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    // Escape special characters in the device name for valid JSON
-    const char *name = device.get_name().c_str();
+    // Escape special characters in the device name for valid JSON. Control characters stay in the \u00XX form this
+    // sensor has always published.
     char escaped_name[128];
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    for (; *name != '\0' && pos < sizeof(escaped_name) - 7; name++) {
-      uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(*name);
-      if (c == '"' || c == '\\') {
-        escaped_name[pos++] = '\\';
-        escaped_name[pos++] = c;
-      } else if (c < 0x20) {
-        pos += snprintf(escaped_name + pos, sizeof(escaped_name) - pos, "\\u%04x", c);
-      } else {
-        escaped_name[pos++] = c;
-      }
-    }
-    escaped_name[pos] = '\0';
+    json_escape_into_buffer(escaped_name, device.get_name(), /*short_control_escapes=*/false);
 
     char buf[256];
     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "{\"timestamp\":%" PRId64 ",\"address\":\"%s\",\"rssi\":%d,\"name\":\"%s\"}",
@@ -45,5 +35,3 @@ class BLEScanner final : public text_sensor::TextSensor,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_scanner
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py
index 96d71a0399..0c60b53783 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/text_sensor.py
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, text_sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ble_scanner_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_scanner")
 BLEScanner = ble_scanner_ns.class_(
     "BLEScanner",
     text_sensor.TextSensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ble_scanner"),
     text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(BLEScanner)
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa1a86be3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+"""Per-platform GATT connection backends and the helpers to embed one.
+
+Backends: esp32 Bluedroid, rp2 BTstack. No user-facing configuration; the
+Bluetooth proxy's codegen declares and registers the backend instances
+through gatt_client_schema()/hub_connection_schema() + new_gatt_backend().
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+    frameworks_for_platforms,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_RP2, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    """ble_device_base plus the platform BLE stack the build's backend
+    registers with (the Bluedroid header includes the tracker's), so
+    consumers need not know. The platform-less arm serves manifest tooling."""
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "rp2040_ble"]
+    if CORE.target_platform is None:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker", "rp2040_ble"]
+    return ["ble_device_base"]
+
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco", "@jesserockz"]
+
+bluetooth_connection_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bluetooth_connection")
+
+# arduino-pico's prebuilt BTstack is compiled with MAX_NR_GATT_CLIENTS 1 and
+# MAX_NR_HCI_CONNECTIONS 2; for more than one backend, rp2040_ble's
+# btstack_memory.cpp replaces those pools via linker --wrap (requested by
+# _rp2_register), sized from ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT. The cap itself
+# belongs to the platform stack that owns the pools.
+RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS = rp2040_ble.MAX_CONNECTIONS
+
+# Slot limits for the hub platforms running the connection-capable proxy;
+# the backend registry itself is _PLATFORM_BACKENDS below.
+HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS: dict[str, int] = {PLATFORM_RP2: RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS}
+
+# The hub-platform wrapper and the backend codegen classes.
+HubBluetoothConnection = bluetooth_connection_ns.class_("BluetoothConnection")
+RP2GattClient = bluetooth_connection_ns.class_("RP2GattClient", cg.Component)
+BluedroidGattClient = bluetooth_connection_ns.class_(
+    "BluedroidGattClient", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONF_BACKEND_ID = "backend_id"
+
+DOMAIN = "bluetooth_connection"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _ConnectionData:
+    rp2_backend_count: int = 0
+
+
+def _get_data() -> _ConnectionData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = _ConnectionData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _esp32_schema_fragment() -> cv.Schema:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    return esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
+
+
+def _rp2_schema_fragment() -> cv.Schema:
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {cv.GenerateID(rp2040_ble.CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(rp2040_ble.RP2040BLE)}
+    )
+
+
+async def _esp32_register(backend: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    # The tracker's promote loop owns connect timing; the backend registers
+    # as a raw client (it is the tracker's ESPBTClient).
+    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_raw_client(backend, config)
+
+
+async def _rp2_register(backend: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    from esphome.components import ota
+
+    # The backend drops its link when an OTA starts (esp32 tracker parity).
+    ota.request_ota_state_listeners()
+    # More than one backend outgrows the prebuilt BTstack pools: swap them for
+    # the ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT-sized ones in rp2040_ble's
+    # btstack_memory.cpp. Keyed to backend registrations (the same event that
+    # grows the count that sizes the pools), so single-backend builds emit no
+    # flags and stay byte-identical to previous releases.
+    data = _get_data()
+    data.rp2_backend_count += 1
+    if data.rp2_backend_count == 2:
+        rp2040_ble.add_btstack_pool_overrides()
+    await cg.register_parented(backend, config[rp2040_ble.CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID])
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _PlatformBackend:
+    """One platform's backend: codegen class, extra schema keys, and stack
+    registration. The esp32 fragments import their stack lazily because those
+    imports register esp32-only automations as a side effect; rp2040_ble is
+    side-effect-free, so it is imported at module scope (the cap constant
+    needs it there anyway)."""
+
+    backend_class: cg.MockObjClass
+    schema_fragment: Callable[[], cv.Schema]
+    register: Callable[[cg.MockObj, ConfigType], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+# The single registry of platforms with a GATT client backend; a platform
+# missing here fails loudly everywhere instead of falling into another
+# platform's arm.
+_PLATFORM_BACKENDS: dict[str, _PlatformBackend] = {
+    PLATFORM_ESP32: _PlatformBackend(
+        BluedroidGattClient, _esp32_schema_fragment, _esp32_register
+    ),
+    PLATFORM_RP2: _PlatformBackend(RP2GattClient, _rp2_schema_fragment, _rp2_register),
+}
+
+
+def _backend_entry(platform: str | None = None) -> _PlatformBackend:
+    key = platform if platform is not None else CORE.target_platform
+    if (entry := _PLATFORM_BACKENDS.get(key)) is None:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"no GATT client backend is registered for {key}")
+    return entry
+
+
+def gatt_client_schema(platform: str | None = None) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Schema fragment for one GATT backend instance: its generated id plus
+    the platform-stack reference new_gatt_backend() resolves.
+
+    Defaults to the platform being validated; pass `platform` explicitly when
+    building a schema outside validation (the language-schema dumper calls
+    per-platform builders under arbitrary CORE platforms).
+    """
+    entry = _backend_entry(platform)
+    return entry.schema_fragment().extend(
+        {cv.GenerateID(CONF_BACKEND_ID): cv.declare_id(entry.backend_class)}
+    )
+
+
+def hub_connection_schema(platform: str | None = None) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Per-slot schema for the proxy's connection wrappers: the wrapper id on
+    top of the backend fragment, plus the component keys (setup_priority and
+    friends now apply to the backend, the slot's real Component). Same
+    platform rules as gatt_client_schema()."""
+    return (
+        gatt_client_schema(platform)
+        .extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HubBluetoothConnection)})
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    )
+
+
+async def new_gatt_backend(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    """Instantiate the backend declared by gatt_client_schema() and register
+    it with its platform stack. The connection slot is claimed at validation
+    (the proxy's slot validators), not here.
+    """
+    from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+
+    ble_device_base.request_gatt_client()
+    backend = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_BACKEND_ID])
+    # The backend is the slot's real Component: component keys from the
+    # connection entry (setup_priority, ...) apply to it. Consumers whose own
+    # schema carries keys that register_component would misapply to the
+    # backend (e.g. a polling interval) must not put them in this config.
+    await cg.register_component(backend, config)
+    await _backend_entry().register(backend, config)
+    return backend
+
+
+# Named so tests can pin the hub entry against bluetooth_proxy's platform
+# list (this module cannot import bluetooth_proxy to derive it).
+SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS: dict[str, set[PlatformFramework]] = {
+    "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms([PLATFORM_ESP32]),
+    # Every hub platform the proxy admits (the file compiles empty where
+    # USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT is not defined), so a platform gaining a backend
+    # cannot hit a missing-symbol trap here.
+    "bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp": {
+        PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+    },
+    "bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
+}
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a001729083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+BatchClose close_service_batch(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, size_t &current_size, int16_t &send_service,
+                               uint8_t connection_index, const char *address_str) {
+  // Calculate the actual size of just this service (+1 for the field tag)
+  size_t service_size = resp.services.back().calculate_size() + 1;
+
+  if (current_size + service_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
+    if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
+      // We would go over -- pop the last service and retry it in the next batch
+      resp.services.pop_back();
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %u + service: %u > %u), sending current batch",
+               connection_index, address_str, send_service, (unsigned) current_size, (unsigned) service_size,
+               (unsigned) MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
+      // Don't advance send_service -- the popped service goes into the next batch
+    } else {
+      // This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway;
+      // advance so we don't get stuck
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%u bytes) but sending anyway", connection_index, address_str,
+               send_service, (unsigned) service_size);
+      send_service++;
+    }
+    return BatchClose::SEND;
+  }
+
+  current_size += service_size;
+  send_service++;
+  return BatchClose::CONTINUE;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// Address-scoped Bluedroid maintenance. Gated with the connection surface:
+// the advertisement-only arm no longer dispatches these requests at all.
+
+conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address) {
+  esp_bd_addr_t bda;
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, bda);
+  return esp_ble_remove_bond_device(bda);
+}
+
+conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address) {
+  esp_bd_addr_t bda;
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, bda);
+  return esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(bda);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b21d997b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// Shared types and helpers for the per-platform GATT connection backends and
+// the Bluetooth proxy that drives them.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <esp_err.h>
+#endif
+
+// USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS is the single spelling of "this build has
+// proxy connection slots": codegen emits it per configured slot, and each
+// slot brings a GATT backend, so it also implies USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT (not
+// the converse: a backend can exist without proxy slots). The hub
+// wrapper, the proxy's connection surface and the API's connection messages
+// all gate on it. The address-scoped maintenance functions below are only
+// reached from that gated surface; the #else stubs just keep this header
+// parsing on arms without a backend.
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse;
+}  // namespace esphome::api
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// Connection-owned error type for the API error fields, which are plain
+// integers on the wire. Aliases esp_err_t on esp32 (where the values come from
+// IDF calls); a bare int elsewhere. Owning the name instead of probing for
+// esp_err_t keeps the header independent of how a platform's SDK spells its
+// error type.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+using conn_err_t = esp_err_t;
+static constexpr conn_err_t CONN_OK = ESP_OK;
+#else
+using conn_err_t = int;
+static constexpr conn_err_t CONN_OK = 0;
+#endif
+
+// The ESPHome-private "not connected" wire value, shared with the neutral
+// GATT contract so backend and wrapper cannot drift.
+static constexpr conn_err_t GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+
+// What the platform's connection backend supports beyond GATT operations;
+// the proxy derives its feature flags and legacy version from these.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = true;
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+// The rp2 BTstack backend pairs (just works + bonding); it has no service
+// cache to clear. Keyed on the backend, not the generic client define, so a
+// future backend without pairing keeps the stub arm below.
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
+#else
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = false;
+static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
+#endif
+
+// Address-scoped (not connection-scoped) maintenance requests.
+#if (defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address);
+#else
+inline conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address);
+#else
+inline conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+#endif
+
+// send_service_ cursor states; >= 0 is the next service index to stream.
+static constexpr int DONE_SENDING_SERVICES = -2;
+static constexpr int INIT_SENDING_SERVICES = -3;
+static constexpr int SERVICES_DONE_PENDING = -4;  // all batches delivered, done-message still owed
+// Every sentinel must stay below the >= 0 streaming gate and clear of
+// GATT_NOT_CONNECTED (-1) so cursor and error values can never be confused.
+static_assert(DONE_SENDING_SERVICES < 0 && INIT_SENDING_SERVICES < 0 && SERVICES_DONE_PENDING < 0);
+static_assert(DONE_SENDING_SERVICES != GATT_NOT_CONNECTED && INIT_SENDING_SERVICES != GATT_NOT_CONNECTED &&
+              SERVICES_DONE_PENDING != GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
+// Owed-done retries stop here (~3 s at the 100 ms drain cadence): a done
+// delivered near the client's 30 s timeout could land on a fresh request's
+// empty accumulator and cache as an empty database.
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT = 30;
+// Owed-ack retries stop after ~25 s of subscribed drain time from the first
+// refusal, keeping most of the client's 30 s GATT window for congestion to
+// clear while still bounding how stale a delivered reply can be.
+static constexpr uint16_t PENDING_ACK_RETRY_LIMIT = 250;
+
+// ---- Service-streaming size budget, shared by every platform's streamer ----
+
+// Conservative MTU limit for API messages (accounts for WPA3 overhead)
+static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1360;
+
+// Constants for size estimation
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY = 25;     // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
+static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT = 10;  // UUID(6) + handle(4)
+static constexpr uint8_t CHAR_SIZE_128BIT = 35;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + props(4) + overhead(7)
+static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_128BIT = 25;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
+static constexpr uint8_t DESC_PER_CHAR = 1;                // Assume 1 descriptor per characteristic
+
+/// Estimate the wire size of a service (service overhead + its characteristics,
+/// assuming 128-bit UUIDs and one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic to be
+/// safe) before fetching/packing the full data.
+inline size_t estimate_service_size(uint16_t char_count, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
+  size_t service_overhead = use_efficient_uuids ? SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT : SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY;
+  return service_overhead + (CHAR_SIZE_128BIT + DESC_SIZE_128BIT * DESC_PER_CHAR) * char_count;
+}
+
+// ---- UUID wire packing, shared by every platform's streamer ----
+
+// This function is allocation-free and directly packs UUIDs into the output
+// array using precalculated constants for the Bluetooth base UUID. ESPBTUUID
+// stores its 128-bit form little-endian (same as Bluedroid).
+inline void fill_128bit_uuid_array(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &out, const ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+  if (uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID128) {
+    const uint8_t *u = uuid.uuid128();
+    // out[0] = bytes 8-15 (big-endian), out[1] = bytes 0-7 (big-endian)
+    out[0] = ((uint64_t) u[15] << 56) | ((uint64_t) u[14] << 48) | ((uint64_t) u[13] << 40) | ((uint64_t) u[12] << 32) |
+             ((uint64_t) u[11] << 24) | ((uint64_t) u[10] << 16) | ((uint64_t) u[9] << 8) | ((uint64_t) u[8]);
+    out[1] = ((uint64_t) u[7] << 56) | ((uint64_t) u[6] << 48) | ((uint64_t) u[5] << 40) | ((uint64_t) u[4] << 32) |
+             ((uint64_t) u[3] << 24) | ((uint64_t) u[2] << 16) | ((uint64_t) u[1] << 8) | ((uint64_t) u[0]);
+    return;
+  }
+  // 16/32-bit UUID inserted into the Bluetooth base UUID:
+  // 00000000-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
+  uint32_t value = uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID16 ? uuid.uuid16() : uuid.uuid32();
+  out[0] = ((uint64_t) value << 32) | 0x00001000ULL;  // Base UUID bytes 8-11
+  out[1] = 0x800000805F9B34FBULL;                     // Base UUID bytes 0-7
+}
+
+/// Fill the UUID in the appropriate wire format based on client support and
+/// UUID type (128-bit array for old clients or 128-bit UUIDs, short form
+/// otherwise).
+inline void fill_gatt_uuid(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &uuid_128, uint32_t &short_uuid,
+                           const ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID &uuid, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
+  using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+  if (!use_efficient_uuids || uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID128) {
+    fill_128bit_uuid_array(uuid_128, uuid);
+  } else if (uuid.type() == ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID16) {
+    short_uuid = uuid.uuid16();
+  } else {
+    short_uuid = uuid.uuid32();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+/// Result of close_service_batch: keep filling the batch or send it now.
+/// An oversized service is packed alone; a failed (backpressured) send is
+/// retried from the batch start, so no service is silently skipped.
+enum class BatchClose : uint8_t { CONTINUE, SEND };
+
+/// Close out the service just packed into resp (account its actual wire size,
+/// advance the cursor) and decide whether the batch must be sent now. Shared
+/// tail of both platform streamers so the budget logic and its log lines
+/// cannot drift.
+BatchClose close_service_batch(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, size_t &current_size, int16_t &send_service,
+                               uint8_t connection_index, const char *address_str);
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15f854239d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+#include "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+// The in-place streamer serves the proxy's service-discovery API; backend-only
+// builds compile without the proxy headers or the streamer.
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+using ble_device_base::FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using esp32_ble_tracker::ClientState;
+using esp32_ble_tracker::ConnectionType;
+
+// ---- tracker surface ----
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::connect() { this->tracker_connect_(); }
+void BluedroidGattClient::disconnect() { this->gatt_disconnect(); }
+
+// ---- component ----
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::setup() {
+  static uint8_t connection_index = 0;
+  this->connection_index_ = connection_index++;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::loop() {
+  if (!esp32_ble::global_ble->is_active()) {
+    // Stack down: no CLOSE_EVT will come. Settle a live link so the consumer
+    // frees its slot, then re-register the app on the next enable.
+    auto down_st = this->state();
+    if (down_st != ClientState::IDLE && down_st != ClientState::INIT) {
+      this->release_services();
+      this->set_idle_();
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+    }
+    this->set_state(ClientState::INIT);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::INIT) {
+    // Parity with BLEClientBase: a failed registration marks the slot
+    // failed and idles it without retry.
+    auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_app_register(this->app_id);
+    if (ret) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "gattc app register failed: app_id=%d code=%d", this->app_id, ret);
+      this->mark_failed();
+    }
+    // Do not wait for REG_EVT; a dropped event must not wedge the slot.
+    this->set_idle_();
+  } else if (st == ClientState::DISCONNECTING || this->disconnect_pending()) {
+    // The one teardown safety net: a lost CLOSE_EVT, or a scheduled
+    // teardown whose OPEN_EVT never arrives.
+    if (millis() - this->disconnecting_started_ > ble_device_base::GATT_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] Timeout waiting for teardown, forcing IDLE", this->connection_index_);
+      // Release before idling: a lost completion must not leak the cache.
+      this->release_services();
+      this->set_idle_();  // also clears want_disconnect_
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ESP_GATT_CONN_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // The loop stays on while a link exists (stack-down watch, pre-started
+    // search flush); it settles only back at IDLE.
+    this->deliver_pending_search_();
+    if (this->state() == ClientState::IDLE) {
+      this->disable_loop();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Bluedroid GATT client %d", this->connection_index_);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Registration failed; if the error was ESP_GATT_NO_RESOURCES, reduce the connection slots");
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- contract ops ----
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) {
+  // Only from idle: clobbering DISCONNECTING would open a new link the
+  // stale CLOSE_EVT then tears down.
+  if (this->state() != ClientState::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Connect rejected, slot busy", this->connection_index_);
+    return ESP_GATT_BUSY;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, this->remote_bda_);
+  this->remote_addr_type_ = addr_type;
+  // Hand the request to the tracker's promote loop: it stops the scan, raises
+  // coex, and calls tracker_connect_() - the tracker owns connect timing here.
+  this->set_state(ClientState::DISCOVERED);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::tracker_connect_() {
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::CONNECTING || st == ClientState::CONNECTED || st == ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Connection already in progress", this->connection_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (st == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Cannot connect, still waiting for CLOSE_EVT", this->connection_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->remote_addr_type_);
+  // Per-attempt latches; the search machine is reset by set_idle_(), the
+  // one door back to IDLE.
+  this->services_released_ = false;
+  this->seen_mtu_ = false;
+  this->mtu_failed_ = false;
+  this->enable_loop();
+  this->set_state(ClientState::CONNECTING);
+  if (this->connection_type_ == ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
+    // Fast params for the discovery phase; stepped down at SEARCH_CMPL.
+    this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params",
+                               esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                                                  FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT));
+  } else {
+    this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params",
+                               esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                                                  MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT));
+  }
+  auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_open(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_,
+                                static_cast<esp_ble_addr_type_t>(this->remote_addr_type_), true);
+  if (ret) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_open", ret);
+    // CONNECT_EVT never fired; nothing to close.
+    this->set_idle_();
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ret);
+  }
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::gatt_disconnect() {
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Nothing was opened, so no completion event will follow: report
+  // not-connected and the hub frees the slot at once (rp2 convention).
+  if (st == ClientState::IDLE) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (st == ClientState::DISCOVERED) {
+    // Parked for the tracker promote loop, never opened.
+    this->set_idle_();
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (st == ClientState::CONNECTING || this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] Disconnect scheduled", this->connection_index_);
+    this->want_disconnect_ = true;
+    // Arm the safety window: a lost OPEN_EVT must not leak the teardown.
+    this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+    this->enable_loop();
+    return 0;
+  }
+  this->unconditional_disconnect_();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::unconditional_disconnect_() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d)", this->connection_index_, this->conn_id_);
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    // Terminal state now rather than leaning on the scheduled-teardown timer.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] conn id unset, cannot disconnect", this->connection_index_);
+    this->release_services();
+    this->set_idle_();
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto err = esp_ble_gattc_close(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    // The stack is now in an indeterminate state for this link.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] esp_ble_gattc_close error: %d", this->connection_index_, err);
+  }
+  this->set_disconnecting_();
+}
+
+bool BluedroidGattClient::cancel_gatt_disconnect() {
+  // Only a scheduled teardown (want_disconnect_ latched while the open is
+  // still in flight) is cancellable; once closing started the terminal
+  // report settles the race.
+  if (this->state() != ClientState::CONNECTING || !this->disconnect_pending()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->want_disconnect_ = false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::discover_services() {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  switch (this->search_state_) {
+    case SearchState::PRESTARTED:
+      // The pending SEARCH_CMPL reports once it lands.
+      this->search_state_ = SearchState::CLAIMED;
+      return 0;
+    case SearchState::PRESTART_DONE:
+      // Already landed: the flush after the connected report delivers
+      // (loop() covers a claim made outside that event drain).
+      this->search_state_ = SearchState::REPORT_PENDING;
+      this->enable_loop();
+      return 0;
+    case SearchState::CLAIMED:
+    case SearchState::REPORT_PENDING:
+      return 0;  // One completion is already owed to this claimant.
+    case SearchState::NONE:
+      break;
+  }
+  int err = this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_search_service",
+                                       esp_ble_gattc_search_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr));
+  if (err == 0) {
+    this->search_state_ = SearchState::CLAIMED;
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_,
+                                                                                       handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  // The BTC layer copies the payload immediately, so the const_cast is safe.
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                               response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP,
+                               ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                                     ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  // Local registration only; the CCCD write is the API client's responsibility.
+  if (enable) {
+    return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify",
+                                      esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle));
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify",
+                                    esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::pair() {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  return esp_ble_set_encryption(this->remote_bda_, ESP_BLE_SEC_ENCRYPT);
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                                  uint16_t timeout) {
+  return this->update_conn_params_(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout, "custom");
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::release_services() {
+  this->service_total_ = 0;
+  // Always set: terminates any in-flight stream on every cache config.
+  this->services_released_ = true;
+#ifndef CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH
+  // A failed clean leaves a stale database the next connection could serve
+  // as authoritative. A disabled stack invalidates its own cache; skip the
+  // meaningless call instead of warning on every OTA/ble.disable teardown.
+  if (esp32_ble::global_ble->is_active()) {
+    this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean", esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(this->remote_bda_));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// ---- internals ----
+
+bool BluedroidGattClient::check_addr_(const esp_bd_addr_t &addr) const {
+  return memcmp(addr, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t)) == 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::set_idle_() {
+  this->set_state(ClientState::IDLE);
+  this->conn_id_ = UNSET_CONN_ID;
+  this->search_state_ = SearchState::NONE;
+  this->search_status_ = 0;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::set_disconnecting_() {
+  this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+  this->set_state(ClientState::DISCONNECTING);
+  // The loop may be disabled while idle; the safety timeout needs it.
+  this->enable_loop();
+}
+
+esp_err_t BluedroidGattClient::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                                   uint16_t timeout, const char *param_type) {
+  esp_ble_conn_update_params_t conn_params = {{0}};
+  memcpy(conn_params.bda, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
+  conn_params.min_int = min_interval;
+  conn_params.max_int = max_interval;
+  conn_params.latency = latency;
+  conn_params.timeout = timeout;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, param_type);
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params", esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params(&conn_params));
+}
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_(operation, err);
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, int code) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] %s failed, status=%d", this->connection_index_, operation, code);
+}
+
+// ---- service streaming ----
+
+int BluedroidGattClient::handle_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status) {
+  // Step down from the fast discovery params.
+  this->update_conn_params_(MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT, "medium");
+  if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+    // A failed discovery reads as a clean zero from the count calls below;
+    // honoring the event status stops it becoming an authoritative empty
+    // list.
+    return status;
+  }
+  uint16_t primary = 0;
+  uint16_t secondary = 0;
+  auto primary_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_PRIMARY_SERVICE,
+                                                     0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &primary);
+  auto secondary_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_SECONDARY_SERVICE,
+                                                       0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &secondary);
+  if (primary_status != ESP_GATT_OK || secondary_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+    // A failed count must not become an authoritative empty database.
+    auto count_status = primary_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? primary_status : secondary_status;
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", count_status);
+    return count_status;
+  }
+  this->service_total_ = primary + secondary;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Reports a completed search once claimed; delivery consumes the state so
+// a re-discovery issues a real search.
+void BluedroidGattClient::deliver_pending_search_() {
+  if (this->search_state_ != SearchState::REPORT_PENDING)
+    return;
+  this->search_state_ = SearchState::NONE;
+  this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(this->search_status_);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+// The wrapper's compile-time streamer detection must keep finding this
+// method; a signature drift would silently fall back to the table streamer,
+// which proxy builds compile without a materializer.
+static_assert(requires(BluedroidGattClient c, BluetoothConnection &conn) { c.stream_service_batch(conn); });
+
+// Bound by the SERVICE STREAMING HAZARD note at the top of
+// bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp: never skip a batch, never send done early.
+void BluedroidGattClient::stream_service_batch(BluetoothConnection &conn) {
+  if (this->services_released_) {
+    // Released under the stream: park without services-done so a partial
+    // list is never cached as authoritative (the client retries after its
+    // GetServices timeout).
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Services released mid-stream, parking", conn.connection_index_, conn.address_str_);
+    conn.send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (conn.send_service_ >= this->service_total_) {
+    this->release_services();
+    conn.send_services_done_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // The subscriber vanished mid-stream.
+  auto *api_conn = conn.proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_conn == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] API connection lost while streaming services", conn.connection_index_, conn.address_str_);
+    conn.park_service_stream_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool use_efficient_uuids = conn.proxy_->client_supports_efficient_uuids();
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  resp.address = conn.address_;
+  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
+  int16_t batch_start = conn.send_service_;
+
+  while (conn.send_service_ < this->service_total_) {
+    esp_gattc_service_elem_t service_result;
+    uint16_t svc_count = 1;
+    esp_gatt_status_t svc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr, &service_result,
+                                                             &svc_count, conn.send_service_);
+    if (svc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || svc_count == 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service walk failed (service %d), aborting stream", conn.connection_index_,
+               conn.address_str_, conn.send_service_);
+      conn.abort_service_stream(svc_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? svc_status : ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND);
+      return;
+    }
+    uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
+    auto char_count_status =
+        esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                                     service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
+    if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+      this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", char_count_status);
+      conn.abort_service_stream(char_count_status);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If this service likely won't fit, send the current batch first.
+    size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(total_char_count, use_efficient_uuids);
+    if (!resp.services.empty() && current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    resp.services.emplace_back();
+    auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
+    fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid,
+                   ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(service_result.uuid), use_efficient_uuids);
+    service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
+
+    if (total_char_count > 0) {
+      service_resp.characteristics.init(total_char_count);
+      uint16_t char_offset = 0;
+      esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
+      // Bounded by the count query: a misbehaving peripheral can make the
+      // enumeration return more entries than it reported.
+      while (char_offset < total_char_count) {
+        uint16_t cc = 1;
+        auto char_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_result.start_handle,
+                                                      service_result.end_handle, &char_result, &cc, char_offset);
+        if (char_status != ESP_GATT_OK || cc == 0) {
+          // An early terminator contradicts the count from the same cache;
+          // never stream a silently truncated list.
+          this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", char_status);
+          conn.abort_service_stream(char_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? char_status : ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND);
+          return;
+        }
+        service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
+        auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
+        fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid,
+                       ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(char_result.uuid), use_efficient_uuids);
+        characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
+        characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
+
+        uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
+        auto desc_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR,
+                                                              0, 0, char_result.char_handle, &total_desc_count);
+        if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+          // Abort rather than stream the characteristic descriptor-less: a
+          // missing CCCD in a cached database breaks notifications for good.
+          this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", desc_count_status);
+          conn.abort_service_stream(desc_count_status);
+          return;
+        }
+        if (total_desc_count > 0) {
+          characteristic_resp.descriptors.init(total_desc_count);
+          uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
+          esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
+          while (desc_offset < total_desc_count) {
+            uint16_t dc = 1;
+            auto desc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, char_result.char_handle,
+                                                           &desc_result, &dc, desc_offset);
+            if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || dc == 0) {
+              this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
+              conn.abort_service_stream(desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? desc_status : ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND);
+              return;
+            }
+            characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
+            auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
+            fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid,
+                           ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(desc_result.uuid), use_efficient_uuids);
+            descriptor_resp.handle = desc_result.handle;
+            desc_offset++;
+          }
+        }
+        char_offset++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (close_service_batch(resp, current_size, conn.send_service_, conn.connection_index_, conn.address_str_) !=
+        BatchClose::CONTINUE) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // On a failed send, rewind the cursor so the batch is retried instead of
+  // silently skipped.
+  if (!api_conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    conn.note_batch_stalled_();
+    conn.send_service_ = batch_start;
+    return;
+  }
+  conn.batch_stalled_ = false;
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+// ---- events ----
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::handle_open_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  auto st = this->state();
+  if (st == ClientState::IDLE) {
+    // Late OPEN_EVT after the slot went IDLE (open-error race, or the
+    // teardown net gave up): close a won link, never resurrect the slot.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] OPEN_EVT in IDLE state (status=%d)", this->connection_index_, param->open.status);
+    if (param->open.status == ESP_GATT_OK || param->open.status == ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
+      // A failed close here leaks a live link nothing tracks; make it heard.
+      this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_close", esp_ble_gattc_close(this->gattc_if_, param->open.conn_id));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (st != ClientState::CONNECTING) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] OPEN_EVT in unexpected state", this->connection_index_);
+  }
+  if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("Connection open", param->open.status);
+    // Never established, CLOSE_EVT may not follow.
+    this->set_idle_();
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, param->open.status);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->disconnect_pending()) {
+    // Open resolved with a teardown scheduled: close now (conn_id_ stays set
+    // so CLOSE_EVT still matches).
+    this->unconditional_disconnect_();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->set_state(ClientState::CONNECTED);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] Connection open", this->connection_index_);
+  if (this->connection_type_ == ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+    this->set_state(ClientState::ESTABLISHED);
+    // No discovery phase: report immediately with the default MTU. The
+    // cached path never waits for (or reports) the exchange - seen_mtu_
+    // suppresses the CFG_MTU report, matching the previous esp32 behavior.
+    this->seen_mtu_ = true;
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU, 0);
+  } else {
+    // Discovery-bound connection: start the search now so it overlaps the
+    // MTU exchange. On a refusal fall back to the serialized path - the
+    // consumer's own discover_services() call retries the real search.
+    if (this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_search_service",
+                                   esp_ble_gattc_search_service(this->gattc_if_, param->open.conn_id, nullptr)) == 0) {
+      this->search_state_ = SearchState::PRESTARTED;
+    }
+    if (this->mtu_failed_ && !this->seen_mtu_) {
+      // Refused MTU request: report with the default so the consumer
+      // proceeds.
+      this->seen_mtu_ = true;
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU, 0);
+      this->deliver_pending_search_();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::handle_disconnect_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  if (param->disconnect.reason == ESP_GATT_CONN_TERMINATE_PEER_USER && this->state() == ClientState::CONNECTED) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Remote closed during discovery", this->connection_index_);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] DISCONNECT_EVT reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, param->disconnect.reason);
+  }
+  if (this->state() == ClientState::IDLE) {
+    // Active close delivers CLOSE_EVT first; never walk back to DISCONNECTING.
+    return;
+  }
+  // Passive disconnect: wait for CLOSE_EVT before going IDLE (reconnecting
+  // earlier makes the controller reject with 133 or assert) and before
+  // reporting - the wrapper frees the slot on the report, and a freed slot
+  // invites a reconnect into the still-closing link.
+  this->release_services();
+  this->set_disconnecting_();
+}
+
+bool BluedroidGattClient::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t esp_gattc_if,
+                                              esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  if (event == ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && this->app_id != param->reg.app_id)
+    return false;
+  if (event != ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && esp_gattc_if != ESP_GATT_IF_NONE && esp_gattc_if != this->gattc_if_)
+    return false;
+
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT: {
+      if (param->reg.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        this->gattc_if_ = esp_gattc_if;
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] gattc app registration failed, status=%d", this->connection_index_, param->reg.status);
+        this->mark_failed();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->connect.remote_bda))
+        return false;
+      this->conn_id_ = param->connect.conn_id;
+      // MTU request here rather than OPEN_EVT, matching the IDF examples.
+      auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req(this->gattc_if_, param->connect.conn_id);
+      if (ret) {
+        this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req", ret);
+        // No CFG_MTU_EVT will follow; OPEN_EVT reports with the default.
+        this->mtu_failed_ = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->open.remote_bda))
+        return false;
+      this->handle_open_evt_(param);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_CFG_MTU_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->cfg_mtu.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      if (param->cfg_mtu.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        // Warn only; a disconnect will follow if the link is dead.
+        this->log_gattc_warning_("MTU exchange", param->cfg_mtu.status);
+      }
+      if (!this->seen_mtu_ && !this->disconnect_pending() && this->state() != ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+        // Teardown owns the link: suppress the connected report here like
+        // OPEN_EVT and SEARCH_CMPL do; the terminal report settles it.
+        this->seen_mtu_ = true;
+        // The connected report waited for the MTU; forwarded, not stored.
+        this->listener_->on_connection_state(
+            true, param->cfg_mtu.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? param->cfg_mtu.mtu : ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU, 0);
+        // The consumer requests discovery from inside that report; when the
+        // pre-started search already finished, complete it in the same drain.
+        this->deliver_pending_search_();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->disconnect.remote_bda))
+        return false;
+      this->handle_disconnect_evt_(param);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->close.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      this->release_services();
+      this->set_idle_();
+      // The one connected=false report: the wrapper frees the slot on it,
+      // so it must not fire before the controller finished closing.
+      this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, param->close.reason);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->search_cmpl.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] Service discovery complete", this->connection_index_);
+      if (this->state() == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+        // Teardown owns the link; the result is never delivered, skip the
+        // work.
+        break;
+      }
+      this->search_status_ = this->handle_search_cmpl_(static_cast<esp_gatt_status_t>(param->search_cmpl.status));
+      this->search_state_ =
+          this->search_state_ == SearchState::CLAIMED ? SearchState::REPORT_PENDING : SearchState::PRESTART_DONE;
+      this->set_state(ClientState::ESTABLISHED);
+      this->deliver_pending_search_();
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->read.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      bool ok = param->read.status == ESP_GATT_OK;
+      this->listener_->on_read_result(param->read.handle, ok ? param->read.value : nullptr,
+                                      ok ? param->read.value_len : 0, ok ? 0 : param->read.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->write.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      this->listener_->on_write_result(param->write.handle,
+                                       param->write.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->write.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
+      this->listener_->on_notify_state(param->reg_for_notify.handle, true,
+                                       param->reg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->reg_for_notify.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
+      this->listener_->on_notify_state(
+          param->unreg_for_notify.handle, false,
+          param->unreg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->unreg_for_notify.status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
+      if (this->conn_id_ != param->notify.conn_id)
+        return false;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] NOTIFY_EVT handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, param->notify.handle);
+      this->listener_->on_notify_data(param->notify.handle, param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluedroidGattClient::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
+        break;
+      // Always accept; a refused response means no AUTH_CMPL, so answer the
+      // pairing request with the failure.
+      int sec_err = this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gap_security_rsp",
+                                               esp_ble_gap_security_rsp(param->ble_security.ble_req.bd_addr, true));
+      if (sec_err != 0) {
+        this->listener_->on_pairing_result(sec_err);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT: {
+      if (!this->check_addr_(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
+        break;
+      this->listener_->on_pairing_result(
+          param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success ? 0 : param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d0b4fed5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Bluedroid (esp32) GATT client backend: the esp32 arm of the
+// ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection alias for the hub BluetoothConnection
+// wrapper. Not a BLEClientBase: the tracker's promote loop owns
+// scan-stop/coex/one-connect-at-a-time, so the contract's connect() only
+// parks the address in DISCOVERED; the real esp_ble_gattc_open happens in
+// the tracker-invoked connect() override.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+class BluetoothConnection;
+#endif
+
+// One class carries both halves: the tracker's ESPBTClient surface (its
+// promote loop owns scan-stop/coex/one-connect-at-a-time and calls the
+// virtual connect()/disconnect()) and the neutral contract ops. The
+// contract's teardown op is named gatt_disconnect() because the tracker's
+// void disconnect() cannot overload with an int-returning twin.
+class BluedroidGattClient final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient, public Component {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint16_t UNSET_CONN_ID = 0xFFFF;
+
+  // Lifecycle of one connection attempt's service search.
+  enum class SearchState : uint8_t {
+    NONE,           // no search this attempt
+    PRESTARTED,     // issued at OPEN_EVT, no claimant yet
+    PRESTART_DONE,  // completed with search_status_ latched, no claimant yet
+    CLAIMED,        // in flight with a claimant (pre-started or direct)
+    REPORT_PENDING  // completed and claimed: deliver on the next flush
+  };
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
+
+  // Wired by codegen before setup and invariant for the device lifetime.
+  void set_listener(ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  // ---- esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient ----
+  bool gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
+                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override;
+  void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) override;
+  void connect() override;
+  void disconnect() override;
+  bool wants_parsed_advertisements() override { return false; }
+  void on_scan_end() override {}
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection contract ----
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type);
+  int gatt_disconnect();
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect();
+  int discover_services();
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response);
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  int pair();
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
+  // Contract stub: the proxy streams in place; the on-demand materializer
+  // for direct consumers lands with #18205. NOTE: a direct consumer reaching
+  // this stub gets an empty table indistinguishable from a service-less
+  // peer - do not ship one against this backend before the materializer.
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+  void release_services();
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  /// In-place service streamer (the proxy wrapper detects and prefers it):
+  /// builds one api response batch directly from Bluedroid's cached database,
+  /// so the streaming peak is the response itself - the old esp32 model.
+  void stream_service_batch(BluetoothConnection &conn);
+#endif
+
+  void set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType ct) { this->connection_type_ = ct; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool check_addr_(const esp_bd_addr_t &addr) const;
+  void tracker_connect_();
+  void handle_open_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param);
+  void handle_disconnect_evt_(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param);
+  int handle_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status);
+  void deliver_pending_search_();
+  void unconditional_disconnect_();
+  void set_idle_();
+  void set_disconnecting_();
+  esp_err_t update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
+                                const char *param_type);
+  int check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
+  void log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, int code);
+
+  // Group 1: pointers / composed objects
+  ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+  // Group 2: 4-byte types
+  uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
+
+  // Group 3: arrays
+  esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_{};
+
+  // Group 4: 2-byte types
+  uint16_t conn_id_{UNSET_CONN_ID};
+  uint16_t service_total_{0};
+
+  // Group 5: 1-byte types
+  esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if_{ESP_GATT_IF_NONE};  // uint8_t width keeps the object at 48 bytes
+  // Stored narrow (the enum is 4 bytes); widened at the esp_ble_gattc_open call.
+  uint8_t remote_addr_type_{0};
+  esp32_ble_tracker::ConnectionType connection_type_{esp32_ble_tracker::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE};
+  uint8_t connection_index_{0};
+  // Terminates an in-flight stream (never send a partial list as authoritative)
+  // and marks a cleaned cache unsafe to walk (Bluedroid asserts).
+  bool services_released_ : 1 {false};
+  // The connected report waits for the MTU exchange; OPEN_EVT alone would
+  // hand HA the default 23.
+  bool seen_mtu_ : 1 {false};
+  // The MTU request was refused at CONNECT_EVT; OPEN_EVT reports instead.
+  bool mtu_failed_ : 1 {false};
+  // Search issued at OPEN_EVT overlaps the MTU exchange; discover_services()
+  // completes from it. Reset by set_idle_().
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(SearchState::REPORT_PENDING) < (1 << 4), "search_state_ bitfield too narrow");
+  SearchState search_state_ : 4 {SearchState::NONE};
+  // esp_gatt_status_t of the completed search, held until claimed.
+  uint8_t search_status_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c982d81ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h
+//
+// Binds ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection to the build's one GATT backend.
+// Backend and consumer both live in this component, so the ladder does too;
+// backends implement ble_gatt_client.h (the neutral contract).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)
+#include "bluetooth_connection_rp2.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::RP2GattClient
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32_BLE)
+#include "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h"
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::BluedroidGattClient
+#elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_STUB_BACKEND)
+// Emitted only by the host unit-test manifest: the tests compile the hub
+// wrapper standalone, so bind a do-nothing backend. Every other backend-less
+// build hits the #error below.
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+class StubGattBackend {
+ public:
+  void set_listener(ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener) {}
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int gatt_disconnect() { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect() { return false; }
+  int discover_services() { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int pair() { return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+  void set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType ct) {}
+  void release_services() {}
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::StubGattBackend
+#else
+#error "USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT is set but this build has no GATT backend; add an alias arm here"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+using BLEGattConnection = ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE;
+static_assert(BLEGattConnectionContract<BLEGattConnection>,
+              "The build's GATT backend is missing part of the BLEGattConnection surface (ble_gatt_client.h)");
+#undef ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddab4812cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+// The proxy's per-slot connection wrapper, shared by every platform.
+//
+// SERVICE STREAMING HAZARD - read before touching the streaming code here or
+// in the platform streamers (bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp).
+//
+// A V3 client caches the service list it receives as the device's complete,
+// permanent database. Nothing on the wire marks a list as partial, so a
+// stream that is truncated, has a skipped batch, or is terminated early
+// would be cached whole and poison every later session with the device.
+//
+// The rule: it is always better to send nothing and let the client time out
+// than to let services-done follow an incomplete stream. Concretely:
+//   - a refused batch rewinds the cursor and is retried, never skipped;
+//   - services-done is sent only after every batch was accepted;
+//   - every interruption (subscriber lost or swapped, backend abort,
+//     bounds-check failure) parks or aborts WITHOUT services-done and drops
+//     any owed done;
+//   - a new GetServices supersedes an owed done, so a stale done can never
+//     land on a fresh request's empty accumulator and cache it as empty.
+// The client only caches a list terminated by services-done within the same
+// request; timeouts, disconnects and errors raise instead of caching.
+#include "bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+void BluetoothConnection::set_address(uint64_t address) {
+  // Keep the proxy's pre-allocated connections-free message in step
+  this->proxy_->update_address_slot_(this->address_, address);
+  // Slot changing hands: anything owed belonged to the old address. The
+  // choke point for every reassignment, not just reset_connection_()'s path.
+  this->clear_owed_flags_();
+  this->address_ = address;
+  if (address == 0) {
+    this->address_str_[0] = '\0';
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, mac);
+  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, this->address_str_);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::initiate_connection(uint8_t address_type) {
+  // No connect timeout here: the API client's own timeout or the api-gone
+  // sweep drives disconnect().
+  this->state_ = ClientState::CONNECTING;
+  int err = this->backend_->connect(this->address_, address_type);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] connect failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, err);
+    this->reset_connection_(err);
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::disconnect() {
+  // Idempotent: the proxy's teardown loop calls this every 100 ms while the
+  // API subscriber is gone, and a repeat call reaching the backend would
+  // re-arm its teardown timer so the safety timeout never fires.
+  if (this->state_ == ClientState::IDLE || this->state_ == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    return;
+  }
+  int err = this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // Nonzero means nothing to tear down (both backends): free the slot.
+    // Accepted teardowns always reach a terminal report.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] disconnect while backend idle, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, err);
+    this->reset_connection_(err);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->state_ = ClientState::DISCONNECTING;
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_pairing_result(int status) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0) {
+    // A drop before completion already answered: reset_connection_slot_ sends
+    // the connection response, which the client's pair watcher raises on.
+    return;
+  }
+  this->paired_ = status == 0;
+  this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, status == 0, status);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::reset_connection_(conn_err_t reason) {
+  if (this->pending_error_ != 0) {
+    reason = this->pending_error_;
+    this->pending_error_ = 0;
+  }
+  this->state_ = ClientState::IDLE;
+  this->services_discovered_ = false;
+  this->paired_ = false;
+  // Link gone: the slot may hold a different device before the drain runs.
+  this->clear_owed_flags_();
+  this->backend_->release_services();
+  this->proxy_->reset_connection_slot_(this, reason);
+}
+
+// ---- backend event listener ----
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) {
+  if (connected && this->address_ == 0) {
+    // Late completion for a slot that was already freed: nothing to report,
+    // and the api-gone sweep or a new reservation owns the slot now.
+    // Return ignored: nonzero just means the backend was already idle, and
+    // re-arming a freed slot could clobber a new reservation.
+    this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connected && this->state_ == ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    // The link came up after a disconnect request won the race; finish the
+    // teardown instead of reporting a connection the client no longer wants.
+    int err = this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+    if (err != 0) {
+      // Nothing left to tear down after all.
+      this->reset_connection_(err);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connected) {
+    this->mtu_ = mtu;
+    if (this->connection_type_ == ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+      // The API client has the services cached; never discover them. No
+      // discovery phase needs the fast interval, so settle straight into the
+      // shared steady-state parameters. Both backends already open cached
+      // connections with these values (esp32 prefer-params, rp2 initiating
+      // params), so this request is normally redundant - kept as a backstop
+      // in case the initial parameters were negotiated away.
+      this->state_ = ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+      // The one D-level line for a cached connect; the uncached path narrates
+      // through "Discovery finished" instead.
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connected with cached services, sending connected (mtu=%u)", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, mtu);
+      int param_err = this->backend_->update_connection_params(ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                                               ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0,
+                                                               ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT);
+      if (param_err != 0) {
+        // Survivable: the link just stays on the fast interval.
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] conn param update failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                 param_err);
+      }
+      this->send_connected_reply_();
+      this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
+      return;
+    }
+    // V3_WITHOUT_CACHE: discover services first — the connected response is
+    // sent when discovery completes (MTU + services before the response).
+    this->state_ = ClientState::CONNECTED;
+    int err = this->backend_->discover_services();
+    if (err != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] discover_services failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, err);
+      // Latch the real cause for the disconnect report.
+      this->latch_pending_error_(err);
+      this->disconnect();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  // Disconnected, connect failed, or teardown complete
+  if (this->address_ == 0) {
+    return;  // Slot already freed
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnected, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           error);
+  this->reset_connection_(error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_service_discovery_done(int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service discovery failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, error);
+    // Carry the GATT error into the disconnection report so the client sees
+    // the real cause instead of a generic HCI reason.
+    this->latch_pending_error_(error);
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Discovery finished, sending connected (mtu=%u)", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           this->mtu_);
+  this->state_ = ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+  this->services_discovered_ = true;
+  this->send_connected_reply_();
+  this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::flush_owed_replies_() {
+  // Connected first: the client should never see services-done or an ack for
+  // a link it has not been told is up. Structural, not size-dependent: a
+  // still-owed connected reply defers the smaller sends to the next tick.
+  if (this->connected_reply_owed_) {
+    this->send_connected_reply_();
+    if (this->connected_reply_owed_) {
+      // The retry limits are wall-clock windows: age the deferred budgets so
+      // a reply cannot outlive the window it was sized for.
+      if (this->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+        this->age_services_done_();
+      }
+      if (this->has_pending_ack_()) {
+        this->age_pending_ack_();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  if (this->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+    this->send_services_done_();
+  }
+  if (this->has_pending_ack_()) {
+    this->flush_pending_ack_();
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_connected_reply_() {
+  if (this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_)) {
+    this->connected_reply_owed_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  // Warn on the leading edge only, as elsewhere: the drop must be visible but
+  // must not add traffic to the connection that just refused a frame.
+  if (!this->connected_reply_owed_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connected reply deferred, TCP buffer full", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    this->connected_reply_owed_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, int status) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           operation, handle, status);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::note_batch_stalled_() {
+  if (this->batch_stalled_)
+    return;
+  this->batch_stalled_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service batch deferred, TCP buffer full; retrying", this->connection_index_,
+           this->address_str_);
+}
+
+/// Both payload-free acks are just (address, handle); only the type differs.
+template<typename Response>
+static bool send_handle_reply(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint64_t address, uint16_t handle) {
+  Response resp;
+  resp.address = address;
+  resp.handle = handle;
+  return api_connection->send_message(resp);
+}
+
+/// Sole construction site, so a re-offer cannot drift from the original.
+bool BluetoothConnection::try_send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (kind == PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR) {
+    // Proxy owns the error reply and reports a refusal the same way.
+    return this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, handle, error);
+  }
+  auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_connection == nullptr)
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing is owed
+  switch (kind) {
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE:
+      return send_handle_reply<api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse>(api_connection, this->address_, handle);
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY:
+      return send_handle_reply<api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse>(api_connection, this->address_, handle);
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE:
+    case PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR:  // returned above
+      return true;
+  }
+  // No default label above, so a new enumerator is a -Wswitch warning rather
+  // than a silent notify reply. This return only satisfies -Wreturn-type.
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (this->try_send_ack_(kind, handle, error))
+    return;
+  // Report a newly owed reply and a displaced one; displacing is the case
+  // that loses a reply. Re-refusing the same one stays quiet, and so does a
+  // fresh deferral for the handle already warned about: a congested bulk
+  // transfer re-asks the same handle every cycle and each ack would warn.
+  if (!this->has_pending_ack_()) {
+    if (!this->ack_deferred_warned_ || this->pending_ack_handle_ != handle) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GATT reply for handle 0x%04X deferred, TCP buffer full", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, handle);
+      this->ack_deferred_warned_ = true;
+    }
+  } else if (this->pending_ack_handle_ != handle || this->pending_ack_ != kind) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GATT reply for handle 0x%04X dropped for handle 0x%04X", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_, this->pending_ack_handle_, handle);
+  }
+  this->latch_pending_ack_(kind, handle, error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::flush_pending_ack_() {
+  if (!this->has_pending_ack_())
+    return;
+  if (this->try_send_ack_(this->pending_ack_, this->pending_ack_handle_, this->pending_ack_error_)) {
+    this->clear_pending_ack_();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->age_pending_ack_();
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::age_pending_ack_() {
+  if (++this->pending_ack_retries_ >= PENDING_ACK_RETRY_LIMIT) {
+    // Undeliverable: past here the client has given up and may have re-asked,
+    // and a late reply would answer the new request instead of this one.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GATT reply for handle 0x%04X undeliverable, abandoning", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_, this->pending_ack_handle_);
+    this->clear_pending_ack_();
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {
+  // Late completion for a freed slot; nothing to report.
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->log_gatt_operation_error_("reading char/descriptor", handle, error);
+    this->send_gatt_error_(handle, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_connection == nullptr)
+    return;
+  api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse resp;
+  resp.address = this->address_;
+  resp.handle = handle;
+  resp.set_data(data, len);
+  if (!api_connection->send_message(resp)) {
+    // Not latched: would mean holding the payload through the congestion
+    // that refused it. The client's read timeout arbitrates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send read response", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->log_gatt_operation_error_("writing char/descriptor", handle, error);
+    this->send_gatt_error_(handle, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->send_ack_(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE, handle);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->log_gatt_operation_error_(enabled ? "registering notifications" : "unregistering notifications", handle,
+                                    error);
+    this->send_gatt_error_(handle, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->send_ack_(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY, handle);
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->address_ == 0)
+    return;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Notify: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_connection == nullptr)
+    return;
+  api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
+  resp.address = this->address_;
+  resp.handle = handle;
+  resp.set_data(data, len);
+  if (!api_connection->send_message(resp)) {
+    // Not latched, same reason as the read reply. Notify data is lossy: the
+    // peripheral will not resend it. Warn on the first drop only; a congested
+    // link drops a whole stream and one line per notify floods the log.
+    if (!this->notify_drop_warned_) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send notify data response, handle 0x%04X", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, handle);
+      this->notify_drop_warned_ = true;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send notify data response, handle 0x%04X", this->connection_index_,
+               this->address_str_, handle);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- GATT operations ----
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::check_connected_op_(const char *action, const char *type) const {
+  if (this->connected()) {
+    return CONN_OK;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, action,
+           type);
+  return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("read", "characteristic"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->read_characteristic(handle);
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                                     bool response) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("write", "characteristic"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->write_characteristic(handle, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(length), response);
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("read", "descriptor"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->read_descriptor(handle);
+}
+
+// The neutral backend contract performs descriptor writes acknowledged, so
+// the response flag is intentionally ignored (esp32 maps it to RSP/NO_RSP).
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                                 bool /*response*/) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_WRITE);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("write", "descriptor"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
+  return this->backend_->write_descriptor(handle, data, static_cast<uint16_t>(length));
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  this->supersede_pending_ack_(handle, PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY);
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("notify", "characteristic"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           enable ? "Registering for" : "Unregistering for", handle);
+  return this->backend_->notify_characteristic(handle, enable);
+}
+
+conn_err_t BluetoothConnection::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                                         uint16_t timeout) {
+  if (conn_err_t err = this->check_connected_op_("update params of", "connection"); err != CONN_OK)
+    return err;
+  return this->backend_->update_connection_params(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout);
+}
+
+// ---- Service streaming ----
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_services_done_() {
+  if (this->proxy_->send_gatt_services_done(this->address_)) {
+    // Sent, or subscriber gone (park silently; its timeout arbitrates).
+    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->send_service_ != SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+    // Warn on the transition only; retries stay silent.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Failed to send services done, retrying", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    this->services_done_retries_ = 0;
+    this->send_service_ = SERVICES_DONE_PENDING;
+  } else {
+    this->age_services_done_();
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::age_services_done_() {
+  if (++this->services_done_retries_ >= SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT) {
+    // Undeliverable (see SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT); silence arbitrates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Services done undeliverable, abandoning", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+  }
+}
+
+void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
+  auto table = this->backend_->get_service_table();
+  if (this->send_service_ >= table.service_count) {
+    this->backend_->release_services();
+    this->send_services_done_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // The subscriber vanished mid-stream; the api-gone sweep tears the
+  // connection down anyway.
+  auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+  if (api_conn == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] API connection lost while streaming services", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_);
+    this->park_service_stream_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check if client supports efficient UUIDs
+  bool use_efficient_uuids = this->proxy_->client_supports_efficient_uuids();
+
+  // Prepare response
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  resp.address = this->address_;
+
+  // Dynamic batching based on actual size, same contract as the esp32 streamer
+  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
+  int16_t batch_start = this->send_service_;
+
+  while (this->send_service_ < table.service_count) {
+    const auto &service = table.services[this->send_service_];
+
+    // If this service likely won't fit, send current batch (unless it's the first)
+    size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(service.characteristic_count, use_efficient_uuids);
+    if (!resp.services.empty() && (current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE)) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    resp.services.emplace_back();
+    auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
+    fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid, service.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
+    service_resp.handle = service.start_handle;
+
+    // Bounds-check the backend's index ranges against the table totals rather
+    // than trusting its discovery bookkeeping blindly. A miscounted non-empty
+    // range must not stream a truncated database as authoritative (V3 clients
+    // cache it permanently): abort and tear the connection down; the client
+    // times out and retries. Empty ranges are tolerated regardless of index.
+    uint16_t char_count = service.characteristic_count;
+    if (char_count != 0 && service.first_characteristic + char_count > table.characteristic_count) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Characteristic range out of bounds (service %d), aborting stream",
+               this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->send_service_);
+      this->abort_service_stream(ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_UNLIKELY);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (char_count > 0) {
+      service_resp.characteristics.init(char_count);
+      for (uint16_t ci = 0; ci < char_count; ci++) {
+        const auto &chr = table.characteristics[service.first_characteristic + ci];
+        service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
+        auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
+        fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid, chr.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
+        characteristic_resp.handle = chr.value_handle;
+        characteristic_resp.properties = chr.properties;
+        uint16_t desc_count = chr.descriptor_count;
+        if (desc_count != 0 && chr.first_descriptor + desc_count > table.descriptor_count) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Descriptor range out of bounds (service %d), aborting stream",
+                   this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->send_service_);
+          this->abort_service_stream(ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_UNLIKELY);
+          return;
+        }
+        if (desc_count == 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        characteristic_resp.descriptors.init(desc_count);
+        for (uint16_t di = 0; di < desc_count; di++) {
+          const auto &desc = table.descriptors[chr.first_descriptor + di];
+          characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
+          auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
+          fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid, desc.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
+          descriptor_resp.handle = desc.handle;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (close_service_batch(resp, current_size, this->send_service_, this->connection_index_, this->address_str_) !=
+        BatchClose::CONTINUE) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Send the message with dynamically batched services; on a failed send,
+  // rewind the cursor so the batch is retried instead of silently skipped
+  // (bounded: a subscriber that stays gone ends streaming via the api-lost
+  // rewind above).
+  if (!api_conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    this->note_batch_stalled_();
+    this->send_service_ = batch_start;
+    return;
+  }
+  this->batch_stalled_ = false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47181e81a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// BluetoothConnection: drives the build's GATT backend (the
+// ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection alias) and translates its events into
+// the proxy's API messages. One wrapper for every platform; per-backend
+// differences live behind the alias and the streamer cut-through.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+// The wrapper exists to serve the proxy's API surface; direct consumers
+// drive the backend themselves, so backend-only builds compile this header
+// empty.
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
+class BluetoothProxy;
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+using ClientState = ble_device_base::ClientState;
+using ConnectionType = ble_device_base::ConnectionType;
+
+/// A refused GATT reply owed to the current subscriber. Payload-free only:
+/// these rebuild from address + handle + error, so a retry costs no buffered
+/// data. Read and notify-data carry payloads and are deliberately absent.
+enum class PendingAck : uint8_t {
+  PENDING_ACK_NONE = 0,
+  PENDING_ACK_WRITE,
+  PENDING_ACK_NOTIFY,
+  PENDING_ACK_ERROR,
+};
+
+class BluetoothConnection final : public ble_device_base::GattClientListener {
+ public:
+  /// Wire the platform backend. Called from codegen before setup.
+  void set_backend(ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend) {
+    this->backend_ = backend;
+    backend->set_listener(this);
+  }
+
+  // ---- proxy dispatch surface ----
+  conn_err_t read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  conn_err_t write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
+  conn_err_t read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  conn_err_t write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
+  conn_err_t notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  conn_err_t update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
+
+  /// Streamer abort: latch the GATT cause, park the cursor, tear down.
+  void abort_service_stream(conn_err_t err) {
+    this->latch_pending_error_(err);
+    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    this->disconnect();
+  }
+
+  /// Start connecting with the API address type (BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* code
+  /// space). Failures report through the same reset path a failed open
+  /// takes.
+  void initiate_connection(uint8_t address_type);
+  void disconnect();
+  /// A connect request racing a scheduled teardown: true when the backend
+  /// had not started closing - the in-flight open resumes and reports
+  /// connected. False once the teardown owns the link.
+  bool cancel_teardown() {
+    if (this->state_ == ClientState::DISCONNECTING && this->backend_->cancel_gatt_disconnect()) {
+      this->state_ = ClientState::CONNECTING;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool is_paired() const { return this->paired_; }
+  void set_unpaired() { this->paired_ = false; }
+  conn_err_t pair() { return this->backend_->pair(); }
+
+  void set_address(uint64_t address);
+  uint64_t get_address() const { return this->address_; }
+  const char *address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+  uint8_t get_connection_index() const { return this->connection_index_; }
+
+  ClientState state() const { return this->state_; }
+  void set_state(ClientState st) { this->state_ = st; }
+  bool connected() const { return this->state_ == ClientState::ESTABLISHED; }
+  void set_connection_type(ConnectionType ct) {
+    this->connection_type_ = ct;
+    // Both backends branch on the type before connecting (bluedroid picks
+    // prefer-params and the with-cache report at OPEN_EVT; rp2 picks the
+    // initiating parameters), so this must be set before the connect starts.
+    this->backend_->set_connection_type(ct);
+  }
+  // Latched at discovery completion rather than read from the backend table:
+  // streaming frees the table, and this must stay true for the connection's
+  // lifetime (a repeat GetServices is silently ignored, never answered with
+  // an authoritative empty database).
+  bool has_gatt_services() const { return this->services_discovered_; }
+
+  /// Stream any pending service-discovery batch (proxy loop; the backend
+  /// owns the disconnect safety timer).
+  void process_pending_services() {
+    if (this->send_service_ >= 0) {
+      this->stream_pending_(this->backend_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---- backend event listener (called directly by the backend, main loop) ----
+  void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) override;
+  void on_service_discovery_done(int error) override;
+  void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) override;
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override;
+  void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) override;
+  void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
+  void on_pairing_result(int status) override;
+
+ protected:
+  friend class bluetooth_proxy::BluetoothProxy;
+  // The Bluedroid backend streams services in place from its stack cache.
+  friend class BluedroidGattClient;
+
+  /// First cause wins: a later, less specific error must not overwrite it.
+  void latch_pending_error_(conn_err_t err) {
+    if (this->pending_error_ == 0) {
+      this->pending_error_ = err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Latch a refused reply for the proxy drain. One slot per connection,
+  /// newest wins: a GATT client works one request at a time, and a discarded
+  /// reply falls back to the timeout it would have hit anyway.
+  void latch_pending_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error = 0) {
+    this->pending_ack_retries_ = 0;
+    this->pending_ack_ = kind;
+    this->pending_ack_handle_ = handle;
+    this->pending_ack_error_ = error;
+  }
+  void clear_pending_ack_() { this->pending_ack_ = PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE; }
+  /// Drop an owed reply this re-ask makes stale. Clients match futures on
+  /// response type as well as handle, so an owed error (which resolves any op
+  /// on the handle) is cleared by any re-ask, other kinds only by their own.
+  void supersede_pending_ack_(uint16_t handle, PendingAck kind) {
+    if (this->has_pending_ack_() && this->pending_ack_handle_ == handle &&
+        (this->pending_ack_ == PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR || this->pending_ack_ == kind)) {
+      this->clear_pending_ack_();
+    }
+  }
+  bool has_pending_ack_() const { return this->pending_ack_ != PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE; }
+  /// Warn on the stall's leading edge only. The batch is never lost (the
+  /// caller rewinds the cursor), and a warning per attempt would add traffic
+  /// to the connection already refusing frames. Both streamers route here.
+  void note_batch_stalled_();
+  /// Send the connected=true reply, latching it if the API refuses. Rebuilt
+  /// from address_ and mtu_, so the latch is one bit; a dropped confirmation
+  /// leaves the client timing out while this slot holds a live link. No retry
+  /// bound: the slot's lifetime is the bound (teardown clears the flag).
+  void send_connected_reply_();
+  /// Re-offer everything this slot owes. One entry point so the proxy drain
+  /// does not have to know which latches exist.
+  void flush_owed_replies_();
+  /// Drop everything this slot owes, in one write to the shared tail byte.
+  void clear_owed_flags_() {
+    this->pending_ack_ = PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE;
+    this->batch_stalled_ = false;
+    this->connected_reply_owed_ = false;
+    this->ack_deferred_warned_ = false;
+    this->notify_drop_warned_ = false;
+  }
+  /// Sole construction site for these replies, shared by send and retry.
+  bool try_send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error);
+  /// First attempt: send, and latch it for the drain if the API refuses.
+  void send_ack_(PendingAck kind, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error = 0);
+  /// Report a rejected request. Latched like a completion reply, so a
+  /// refused frame does not strand the client for its whole timeout.
+  void send_gatt_error_(uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
+    this->send_ack_(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR, handle, error);
+  }
+  /// Re-offer the owed reply; clears on success, stays owed on a refusal.
+  void flush_pending_ack_();
+  /// Advance the retry budget and abandon at the limit, without sending.
+  void age_pending_ack_();
+  // A backend providing its own streamer (see the contract doc) builds the
+  // response in place from its stack cache; the rest use the table streamer.
+  // Template so the discarded branch is not odr-checked against backends
+  // that lack the method.
+  template<typename Backend> void stream_pending_(Backend *backend) {
+    if constexpr (requires { backend->stream_service_batch(*this); }) {
+      backend->stream_service_batch(*this);
+    } else {
+      this->send_service_for_discovery_();
+    }
+  }
+  /// Park the stream without services-done and free any held table: an
+  /// interrupted stream must never be declared complete (the client's
+  /// timeout arbitrates), and an owed done is dropped with it.
+  void park_service_stream_() {
+    this->batch_stalled_ = false;
+    if (this->send_service_ >= 0) {
+      this->backend_->release_services();
+      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    } else if (this->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+    }
+  }
+  void send_service_for_discovery_();
+  /// Send services-done and settle the cursor: DONE when it lands (or no
+  /// subscriber), SERVICES_DONE_PENDING on a refused frame (proxy drain
+  /// retries). Callers release the table first; the message needs only the
+  /// address.
+  void send_services_done_();
+  /// Advance the retry budget and abandon at the limit, without sending.
+  void age_services_done_();
+  void reset_connection_(conn_err_t reason);
+  conn_err_t check_connected_op_(const char *action, const char *type) const;
+  void log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, int status);
+
+  // Memory optimized layout for 32-bit systems
+  // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
+  bluetooth_proxy::BluetoothProxy *proxy_{nullptr};
+  ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend_{nullptr};
+
+  // Group 2: 2-byte types. Exactly 4 bytes, so address_ below stays
+  // 8-aligned with no padding (the vptr makes Group 1 12 bytes, not 8).
+  int16_t send_service_{INIT_SENDING_SERVICES};
+  uint16_t mtu_{ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU};
+
+  // Group 3: 8-byte and 4-byte types
+  uint64_t address_{0};
+  conn_err_t pending_error_{0};
+  // Full width: the GATT error domain is open-ended (ble_gatt_client.h) and
+  // forwarded untranslated, so narrowing would corrupt platform codes.
+  conn_err_t pending_ack_error_{0};
+
+  // Group 4: Arrays
+  char address_str_[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]{};
+  // Parked here rather than in Group 2: address_str_ ends 2-aligned, so this
+  // uses tail slack instead of pushing address_ out by 6 bytes of padding.
+  uint16_t pending_ack_handle_{0};
+
+  // Group 5: bit-packed tail. The first two bytes were already full, so the
+  // first added bit forced a third and took the 8-aligned object 48 -> 56;
+  // the handle, error and retry counter ride in that padding. Two bitfield
+  // bits left; another byte-sized member costs 8 per slot.
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(ClientState::ESTABLISHED) < (1 << 3), "state_ bitfield too narrow");
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) < (1 << 2),
+                "connection_type_ bitfield too narrow");
+  // Ordered so neither byte's fields straddle a storage unit: 3+5 and
+  // 4+2+1+1 fill the first two tail bytes exactly.
+  ClientState state_ : 3 {ClientState::IDLE};
+  static_assert(SERVICES_DONE_RETRY_LIMIT < (1 << 5), "counter bitfield too narrow");
+  uint8_t services_done_retries_ : 5 {0};
+  uint8_t connection_index_ : 4 {0};
+  ConnectionType connection_type_ : 2 {ConnectionType::V1};
+  bool paired_ : 1 {false};
+  bool services_discovered_ : 1 {false};
+  static_assert(static_cast<uint8_t>(PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_ERROR) < (1 << 2), "pending_ack_ bitfield too narrow");
+  PendingAck pending_ack_ : 2 {PendingAck::PENDING_ACK_NONE};
+  /// Set while a refused batch is retrying, so only the first one warns.
+  bool batch_stalled_ : 1 {false};
+  /// An owed connected=true reply; the proxy's paced drain re-offers it.
+  bool connected_reply_owed_ : 1 {false};
+  /// Set once the deferred warn fired; with an unchanged pending_ack_handle_
+  /// it keeps re-deferrals of the same handle quiet (see send_ack_).
+  bool ack_deferred_warned_ : 1 {false};
+  /// Set on the first dropped notify; later drops log at verbose only.
+  bool notify_drop_warned_ : 1 {false};
+  // Plain byte after the bitfields: takes the padding byte instead of
+  // straddling pending_ack_'s storage unit and growing the object.
+  static_assert(PENDING_ACK_RETRY_LIMIT <= 0xFF, "retry counter too narrow");
+  uint8_t pending_ack_retries_{0};
+};
+
+// Pins the grouping above: pending_ack_handle_ in Group 2 instead would pad
+// address_ out and reach 64. 32-bit only; the host unit tests build 64-bit.
+static_assert(sizeof(void *) != 4 || sizeof(BluetoothConnection) <= 56,
+              "BluetoothConnection layout regressed on a 32-bit target");
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16a89dcfdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+#include "bluetooth_connection_rp2.h"
+
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <BluetoothLock.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <new>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_connection";
+
+using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+using ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+using ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+
+// Engine-owned timeouts: BTstack has a 30 s ATT transaction timeout but no
+// connect timeout — a stuck LE_CONNECTING both blocks future gap_connect calls
+// and keeps the scan inhibited, so the engine cancels after 20 s. The
+// disconnect timeout mirrors the esp32 CLOSE_EVT safety net.
+static constexpr uint32_t CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 20000;
+// Budget after a cancel is in flight: its completion normally lands within
+// tens of ms, and while the engine waits it pins the stack-wide connect slot,
+// so a lost completion must cost seconds, not another full connect budget.
+static constexpr uint32_t CONNECT_CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+// Pending engines re-attempt gap_connect on this cadence instead of every
+// loop pass: the DISALLOWED path (teardown overlap) takes BluetoothLock.
+static constexpr uint32_t CONNECT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+// Can-send windows normally open within a connection interval (tens of ms).
+static constexpr uint32_t WRITE_NO_RSP_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+
+// HCI "connection timeout" reason, reported when a teardown had to be forced.
+static constexpr uint8_t HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 0x08;
+
+// Initiating-scan parameters and connection-event lengths for outgoing
+// connections (BTstack-specific knobs; the connection intervals themselves are
+// the shared FAST/MEDIUM parameters from ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h,
+// used in the same lifecycle places as esp32: FAST for connect and service
+// discovery, MEDIUM once established).
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_SCAN_INTERVAL = 96;  // 60 ms in 0.625 ms units
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_SCAN_WINDOW = 48;    // 30 ms in 0.625 ms units
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_CE_MIN = 16;         // 10 ms in 0.625 ms units
+static constexpr uint16_t CONN_CE_MAX = 48;         // 30 ms in 0.625 ms units
+
+using ble_device_base::FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+RP2GattClient *RP2GattClient::instances[ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT] = {};
+uint8_t RP2GattClient::instance_count = 0;
+btstack_packet_callback_registration_t RP2GattClient::hci_event_registration = {};
+btstack_packet_callback_registration_t RP2GattClient::sm_event_registration = {};
+RP2GattClient *RP2GattClient::connect_owner = nullptr;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static ESPBTUUID uuid_from_btstack(uint16_t uuid16, const uint8_t uuid128[16]) {
+  if (uuid16 != 0) {
+    return ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid16);
+  }
+  // BTstack structs carry the 128-bit form big-endian (printable order).
+  return ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(uuid128);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::setup() {
+  // Pre-create every pool entry so the packet handlers' allocate() calls are
+  // always a free-list pop -- the IRQ path must never reach malloc().
+  if (!this->event_pool_.warm() || !this->notify_pool_.warm()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "GATT event pool warm-up failed");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Register this engine for IRQ-context event routing.
+  if (instance_count >= ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT) {
+    // Cannot happen with codegen-sized storage; refuse loudly if it ever does.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "GATT client registry full");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  {
+    // One locked section: the slot store lands before the count bump, and a
+    // live HCI handler (N > 1 builds) cannot read a half-written registry.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    this->engine_index_ = instance_count;
+    instances[instance_count] = this;
+    instance_count++;
+    // One HCI event handler for all engine instances (BTstack supports
+    // multiple registrations, so rp2040_ble's own handler is unaffected).
+    if (hci_event_registration.callback == nullptr) {
+      hci_event_registration.callback = &RP2GattClient::hci_packet_handler;
+      hci_add_event_handler(&hci_event_registration);
+      sm_event_registration.callback = &RP2GattClient::sm_packet_handler;
+      sm_add_event_handler(&sm_event_registration);
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
+#endif
+
+  this->disable_loop();
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+void RP2GattClient::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
+  // esp32 parity (its tracker disconnects every client at OTA start): free
+  // the shared radio for the transfer. No restore needed; the client
+  // reconnects, and on success the device reboots anyway.
+  if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED && this->state_ != EngineState::IDLE) {
+    this->gatt_disconnect();
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+float RP2GattClient::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
+
+void RP2GattClient::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "RP2 GATT client (BTstack)"); }
+
+// ---- IRQ-context handlers: copy-and-enqueue only ----
+
+RP2GattClient *RP2GattClient::instance_for_con_handle(hci_con_handle_t con_handle) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < instance_count; i++) {
+    if (instances[i]->con_handle_ == con_handle) {
+      return instances[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::hci_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t event_type = hci_event_packet_get_type(packet);
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case HCI_EVENT_META_GAP: {
+      if (hci_event_gap_meta_get_subevent_code(packet) != GAP_SUBEVENT_LE_CONNECTION_COMPLETE) {
+        break;
+      }
+      uint8_t status = gap_subevent_le_connection_complete_get_status(packet);
+      hci_con_handle_t con_handle = gap_subevent_le_connection_complete_get_connection_handle(packet);
+      bd_addr_t peer;
+      gap_subevent_le_connection_complete_get_peer_address(packet, peer);
+      // Route by ownership, not address: gap_connect refuses a new
+      // create-connection until the previous completion is processed, so the
+      // event belongs to the owner by construction. Cancel completions carry
+      // a zeroed peer address on this controller, so an address match would
+      // drop them and pin the owner until its backstop.
+      RP2GattClient *inst = connect_owner;
+      static constexpr bd_addr_t ZERO_ADDR = {};
+      if (inst != nullptr && memcmp(peer, ZERO_ADDR, sizeof(bd_addr_t)) != 0 &&
+          memcmp(inst->peer_addr_, peer, sizeof(bd_addr_t)) != 0) {
+        // Addressed completion for a peer the owner is not connecting to: a
+        // success delayed past a cancel and an ownership handoff (the cancel
+        // idles the stack's request immediately) must not stamp the old
+        // procedure's link onto the new owner. Zero-address (cancel)
+        // completions need no such guard: BTstack only emits them while its
+        // request state is idle, and a new owner re-arms that state when it
+        // claims the token, so a stale cancel completion is swallowed by the
+        // stack, never re-attributed. A successful stale link still needs
+        // disposal (same hazard as the unowned branch below).
+        if (status == 0) {
+          gap_disconnect(con_handle);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      connect_owner = nullptr;
+      if (inst == nullptr) {
+        if (status == 0) {
+          // Nobody owns this late link (the owner escalated first): tear it
+          // down here or the hci_connection_t leaks and the peer answers
+          // DISALLOWED until reboot.
+          gap_disconnect(con_handle);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      if (status == 0) {
+        // Stamp the handle here in the BTstack context: a disconnection
+        // racing the queued CONNECTED event arrives in this same context
+        // and must route by handle (it carries no address).
+        inst->con_handle_ = con_handle;
+      }
+      inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::CONNECTED, status, con_handle);
+      break;
+    }
+    case HCI_EVENT_DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE: {
+      // Routable even against a still-queued CONNECTED event: the handle is
+      // stamped in this context at connection-complete time.
+      RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(hci_event_disconnection_complete_get_connection_handle(packet));
+      if (inst != nullptr) {
+        inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::DISCONNECTED, hci_event_disconnection_complete_get_reason(packet), 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::sm_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (hci_event_packet_get_type(packet)) {
+    case SM_EVENT_JUST_WORKS_REQUEST:
+      // Confirming from the SM callback is the intended BTstack pattern.
+      // Unscoped on purpose: no peripheral role exists in-tree, and scoping
+      // would drop a request racing the queued CONNECTED event.
+      sm_just_works_confirm(sm_event_just_works_request_get_handle(packet));
+      break;
+    case SM_EVENT_PAIRING_COMPLETE: {
+      RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(sm_event_pairing_complete_get_handle(packet));
+      if (inst != nullptr) {
+        inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::PAIRING_RESULT, sm_event_pairing_complete_get_status(packet), 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case SM_EVENT_REENCRYPTION_COMPLETE: {
+      // A bonded peer re-encrypts instead of pairing; BTstack emits only this
+      // event on that path, so it answers the PAIR request too.
+      RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(sm_event_reencryption_complete_get_handle(packet));
+      if (inst != nullptr) {
+        inst->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::PAIRING_RESULT, sm_event_reencryption_complete_get_status(packet), 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t event_type = hci_event_packet_get_type(packet);
+  // Every GATT event carries the connection handle in the same position via
+  // its accessor; route on it.
+  hci_con_handle_t con_handle;
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case GATT_EVENT_MTU:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_mtu_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_SERVICE_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_service_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_CHARACTERISTIC_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_characteristic_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_ALL_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTORS_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_all_characteristic_descriptors_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_VALUE_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTOR_QUERY_RESULT:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_NOTIFICATION:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_notification_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_INDICATION:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_indication_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_QUERY_COMPLETE:
+      con_handle = gatt_event_query_complete_get_handle(packet);
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+  RP2GattClient *inst = instance_for_con_handle(con_handle);
+  if (inst != nullptr) {
+    inst->handle_gatt_event_irq_(event_type, packet);
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_gatt_event_irq_(uint8_t event_type, const uint8_t *packet) {
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case GATT_EVENT_MTU:
+      this->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::MTU_EXCHANGED, 0, gatt_event_mtu_get_MTU(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_QUERY_COMPLETE:
+      this->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::QUERY_COMPLETE, gatt_event_query_complete_get_att_status(packet), 0);
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_SERVICE_QUERY_RESULT: {
+      if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (this->service_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES) {
+        this->truncated_ = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      gatt_client_service_t service;
+      gatt_event_service_query_result_get_service(packet, &service);
+      auto &dst = this->arena_->services[this->service_count_];
+      dst.uuid = uuid_from_btstack(service.uuid16, service.uuid128);
+      dst.start_handle = service.start_group_handle;
+      dst.end_handle = service.end_group_handle;
+      dst.first_characteristic = 0;
+      dst.characteristic_count = 0;
+      this->service_count_++;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GATT_EVENT_CHARACTERISTIC_QUERY_RESULT: {
+      if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (this->char_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS) {
+        this->truncated_ = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      gatt_client_characteristic_t characteristic;
+      gatt_event_characteristic_query_result_get_characteristic(packet, &characteristic);
+      auto &dst = this->arena_->characteristics[this->char_count_];
+      dst.uuid = uuid_from_btstack(characteristic.uuid16, characteristic.uuid128);
+      dst.value_handle = characteristic.value_handle;
+      dst.end_handle = characteristic.end_handle;
+      dst.properties = static_cast<uint8_t>(characteristic.properties);
+      dst.first_descriptor = 0;
+      dst.descriptor_count = 0;
+      this->char_count_++;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GATT_EVENT_ALL_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTORS_QUERY_RESULT: {
+      if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (this->desc_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS) {
+        this->truncated_ = true;
+        break;
+      }
+      gatt_client_characteristic_descriptor_t descriptor;
+      gatt_event_all_characteristic_descriptors_query_result_get_characteristic_descriptor(packet, &descriptor);
+      auto &dst = this->arena_->descriptors[this->desc_count_];
+      dst.uuid = uuid_from_btstack(descriptor.uuid16, descriptor.uuid128);
+      dst.handle = descriptor.handle;
+      this->desc_count_++;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_VALUE_QUERY_RESULT:
+      // One blob per event at the reported offset; assemble into the op buffer.
+      this->assemble_blob_irq_(gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_value_offset(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_value(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_value_query_result_get_value_length(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_LONG_CHARACTERISTIC_DESCRIPTOR_QUERY_RESULT:
+      this->assemble_blob_irq_(gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_descriptor_offset(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_descriptor(packet),
+                               gatt_event_long_characteristic_descriptor_query_result_get_descriptor_length(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_NOTIFICATION:
+      this->enqueue_notify_irq_(gatt_event_notification_get_value_handle(packet),
+                                gatt_event_notification_get_value(packet),
+                                gatt_event_notification_get_value_length(packet));
+      break;
+    case GATT_EVENT_INDICATION:
+      // BTstack auto-confirms indications; deliver like a notification.
+      this->enqueue_notify_irq_(gatt_event_indication_get_value_handle(packet), gatt_event_indication_get_value(packet),
+                                gatt_event_indication_get_value_length(packet));
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+void RP2GattClient::assemble_blob_irq_(uint16_t offset, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (offset >= RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN - offset) {
+    len = RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN - offset;
+  }
+  memcpy(this->op_buffer_ + offset, data, len);
+  if (offset + len > this->op_len_) {
+    this->op_len_ = offset + len;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::Type type, uint8_t status, uint16_t value) {
+  RP2GattEvent *event = this->event_pool_.allocate();
+  if (event == nullptr) {
+    this->event_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+    return;
+  }
+  event->type = type;
+  event->status = status;
+  event->value = value;
+  this->event_queue_.push(event);
+  this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::enqueue_notify_irq_(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  RP2GattNotifyEvent *event = this->notify_pool_.allocate();
+  if (event == nullptr) {
+    this->notify_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+    return;
+  }
+  event->handle = handle;
+  event->len = len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN ? RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN : len;
+  memcpy(event->data, data, event->len);
+  this->notify_queue_.push(event);
+  this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+}
+// NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+
+// ---- Main-loop state machine ----
+
+void RP2GattClient::loop() {
+  RP2GattEvent *event;
+  while ((event = this->event_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    RP2GattEvent copy = *event;
+    this->event_pool_.release(event);
+    this->handle_event_(copy);
+  }
+
+  RP2GattNotifyEvent *notify;
+  while ((notify = this->notify_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    if (this->notify_subscribed_(notify->handle)) {
+      this->listener_->on_notify_data(notify->handle, notify->data, notify->len);
+    }
+    this->notify_pool_.release(notify);
+  }
+
+  uint16_t dropped = this->event_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (dropped > 0) {
+    // Control events must not be lost; the connection state is no longer
+    // trustworthy — recover with a forced teardown.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%u] Dropped %u GATT control events, disconnecting", this->engine_index_, dropped);
+    this->gatt_disconnect();
+  }
+  uint16_t notify_dropped = this->notify_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (notify_dropped > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Dropped %u GATT notifications (queue full)", this->engine_index_, notify_dropped);
+  }
+
+  if (this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING) {
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    if (now - this->connect_started_ > CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      // Never reached the radio; nothing stack-side to cancel.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Connect timeout (queued)", this->engine_index_);
+      this->fail_connection_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+    } else if (now - this->connect_retry_ms_ >= CONNECT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+      this->connect_retry_ms_ = now;
+      if (int err = this->try_gap_connect_(); err != 0) {
+        this->fail_connection_(static_cast<uint8_t>(err));
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECTING || this->state_ == EngineState::MTU_EXCHANGE) {
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    bool cancel_in_flight = this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECTING && this->con_handle_ == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID &&
+                            this->connect_cancel_attempted_;
+    uint32_t budget = cancel_in_flight ? CONNECT_CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS : CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS;
+    if (now - this->connect_started_ > budget) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Connect timeout", this->engine_index_);
+      bool link_up = this->state_ != EngineState::CONNECTING;
+      bool cancel_sent = false;
+      if (!link_up) {
+        BluetoothLock lock;
+        // Handle check under the lock: a success completion can stamp it in
+        // the BTstack context right up to this point, and escalating past a
+        // live link would orphan it (the queued CONNECTED event is dropped
+        // by the state guard once fail_connection_ runs).
+        link_up = this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID;
+        if (!link_up && connect_owner == this) {
+          // gap_connect_cancel is stack-global; only the engine whose
+          // create-connection is in flight may issue it. First timeout:
+          // cancel and give the completion a grace period. Second: the
+          // completion was lost, re-issue the cancel in case the procedure
+          // still runs (a no-op on an idle stack), then escalate.
+          gap_connect_cancel();
+          cancel_sent = !this->connect_cancel_attempted_;
+        }
+        this->connect_cancel_attempted_ = true;
+      }
+      if (link_up) {
+        // The link is up (stamped mid-timeout or MTU exchange stalled): tear
+        // it down properly so the controller frees its side; the
+        // DISCONNECTING safety net below reclaims state if the disconnection
+        // event is lost. Dropping engine state without gap_disconnect would
+        // leak the live link and this engine's GATT slot for the rest of the
+        // boot.
+        this->gatt_disconnect();
+      } else if (cancel_sent) {
+        // The cancel produces a connection-complete event with a failure
+        // status, which drives the normal failure path; restart the timer so
+        // a lost event escalates on the short cancel budget.
+        this->connect_started_ = now;
+      } else {
+        this->fail_connection_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    if (millis() - this->disconnecting_started_ > ble_device_base::GATT_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Disconnect timeout, forcing idle", this->engine_index_);
+      this->handle_disconnected_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::READY && this->op_type_ == OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP &&
+             millis() - this->write_no_rsp_started_ > WRITE_NO_RSP_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    // The can-send window never opened; report instead of hanging the op slot.
+    bool timed_out = false;
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      // The trampoline may have just sent it; its queued result wins.
+      if (this->event_queue_.empty()) {
+        this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+        timed_out = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (timed_out) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Deferred write timeout, handle=0x%04x", this->engine_index_, this->op_handle_);
+      this->listener_->on_write_result(this->op_handle_, GATT_CLIENT_BUSY);
+    }
+  } else if (this->state_ == EngineState::IDLE || (this->state_ == EngineState::READY && !this->op_in_flight_() &&
+                                                   this->event_queue_.empty() && this->notify_queue_.empty())) {
+    // Nothing pending: the enqueue path re-arms the loop from any context.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_event_(const RP2GattEvent &event) {
+  switch (event.type) {
+    case RP2GattEvent::CONNECTED:
+      this->handle_connected_(event.status, event.value);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::DISCONNECTED:
+      this->handle_disconnected_(event.status);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::MTU_EXCHANGED:
+      if (this->state_ == EngineState::MTU_EXCHANGE) {
+        this->mtu_ = event.value;
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] MTU %u", this->engine_index_, this->mtu_);
+        this->state_ = EngineState::READY;
+        // Scanning resumes and runs alongside the established connection.
+        this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+        this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, this->mtu_, 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::QUERY_COMPLETE:
+      this->handle_query_complete_(event.status);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::WRITE_NO_RSP_DONE:
+      this->finish_write_no_rsp_(event.status);
+      break;
+    case RP2GattEvent::PAIRING_RESULT:
+      this->listener_->on_pairing_result(event.status);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::can_write_no_rsp_trampoline(void *context) {
+  // BTstack context: this callback IS the can-send window, so the deferred
+  // write happens here; only the result is enqueued for the main loop.
+  auto *self = static_cast<RP2GattClient *>(context);
+  if (self->op_type_ != OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_write_value_of_characteristic_without_response(self->con_handle_, self->op_handle_,
+                                                                              self->op_len_, self->op_buffer_);
+  if ((status == GATT_CLIENT_BUSY || status == BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL) &&
+      gatt_client_request_to_write_without_response(&self->can_write_registration_, self->con_handle_) == 0) {
+    return;  // next window retries; a failed re-arm falls through as an error
+  }
+  self->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::WRITE_NO_RSP_DONE, status, 0);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::finish_write_no_rsp_(uint8_t status) {
+  if (this->op_type_ != OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+  this->listener_->on_write_result(this->op_handle_, status);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_connected_(uint8_t status, uint16_t con_handle) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::CONNECTING) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (status != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] Connect failed, status=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, status);
+    this->fail_connection_(status);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->cancel_requested_) {
+    // A disconnect request raced the connection complete and lost; finish
+    // the teardown instead of reporting a connection nobody wants.
+    this->con_handle_ = con_handle;
+    this->state_ = EngineState::DISCONNECTING;
+    this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+    // No more initiating: give the radio back to the scanner during teardown.
+    this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+    uint8_t disc_status;
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      disc_status = gap_disconnect(this->con_handle_);
+    }
+    if (disc_status != 0) {
+      this->handle_disconnected_(HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  this->con_handle_ = con_handle;
+  this->state_ = EngineState::MTU_EXCHANGE;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] Link up, handle=0x%04x, negotiating MTU", this->engine_index_, con_handle);
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  // One wildcard listener covers notifications/indications for every
+  // characteristic on this connection; the CCCD writes come from the API
+  // client as plain descriptor writes.
+  gatt_client_listen_for_characteristic_value_updates(&this->notification_registration_,
+                                                      &RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, nullptr);
+  // Auto MTU negotiation is disabled (see rp2040_ble enable hooks), so the
+  // exchange is kicked explicitly; GATT_EVENT_MTU completes it. Without the
+  // explicit kick the MTU would only be exchanged on the first GATT query,
+  // which never happens on a V3_WITH_CACHE connection.
+  // Both registration calls above return void (BTstack 075a078, arduino-pico
+  // 6.0.0); failures surface as a missing GATT_EVENT_MTU and are reclaimed by
+  // the connect timeout in loop().
+  gatt_client_send_mtu_negotiation(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::release_scan_inhibit_() {
+  if (this->holds_scan_inhibit_) {
+    this->holds_scan_inhibit_ = false;
+    this->parent_->release_scan_inhibit();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::fail_connection_(uint8_t reason) {
+  {
+    // Timeout escalation can fire with the completion event lost; release the
+    // stack-wide connect slot so pending engines can proceed. Until the old
+    // completion is processed, gap_connect answers any peer with DISALLOWED
+    // (the request-level guard in hci.c); a cancel idles that request
+    // immediately, and a late addressed completion from the old procedure is
+    // then dropped by the owner-peer cross-check in the handler.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    if (connect_owner == this) {
+      connect_owner = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (this->state_ == EngineState::CONNECTING && this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+      // A success completion stamped the handle between the escalation
+      // decision and this lock: tear the link down before cleanup wipes the
+      // handle, or it leaks its pool block for the rest of the boot.
+      gap_disconnect(this->con_handle_);
+    }
+  }
+  this->cleanup_link_state_();
+  this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+  this->state_ = EngineState::IDLE;
+  this->listener_->on_connection_state(false, 0, reason);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::cleanup_link_state_() {
+  // Drop notifications queued behind the disconnect so they cannot emit
+  // against a freed slot (address 0) on the next loop.
+  RP2GattNotifyEvent *stale;
+  while ((stale = this->notify_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    this->notify_pool_.release(stale);
+  }
+  // con_handle_ may be stamped in the BTstack context before the main loop
+  // registers the listener, so a valid handle does not imply a registration;
+  // stop_listening on an unregistered entry is a benign no-op. One lock
+  // scope around check and reset so an IRQ stamp cannot land in between
+  // (unreachable today — ownership is released before cleanup — but the
+  // invariant lives three functions away).
+  {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    if (this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+      gatt_client_stop_listening_for_characteristic_value_updates(&this->notification_registration_);
+    }
+    this->con_handle_ = HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID;
+  }
+  this->notify_subscription_count_ = 0;
+  this->cancel_requested_ = false;
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+  this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+  this->release_services();
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_disconnected_(uint8_t reason) {
+  if (this->state_ == EngineState::IDLE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] Disconnected, reason=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, reason);
+  this->fail_connection_(reason);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::handle_query_complete_(uint8_t att_status) {
+  // Stale completions cannot cross connections: the loop drains the whole
+  // event queue every iteration, teardown resets op/discovery state, and a
+  // new discovery is only issued after the new link's MTU event — which in
+  // this BTstack emits no QUERY_COMPLETE (the MTU state machine is separate
+  // from the query state machine). Completions with nothing in flight are
+  // dropped below.
+  if (this->op_type_ != OpType::NONE && this->op_type_ != OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+    OpType op = this->op_type_;
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    switch (op) {
+      case OpType::READ_CHAR:
+      case OpType::READ_DESC:
+        // A value that is an exact multiple of MTU - 1 ends with a trailing
+        // blob request some peers refuse with INVALID_OFFSET; the read is
+        // complete, not failed.
+        if ((att_status == ATT_ERROR_INVALID_OFFSET || att_status == ATT_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG) &&
+            this->op_len_ > 0) {
+          att_status = 0;
+        }
+        this->listener_->on_read_result(this->op_handle_, this->op_buffer_, att_status == 0 ? this->op_len_ : 0,
+                                        att_status);
+        break;
+      case OpType::WRITE_CHAR:
+      case OpType::WRITE_DESC:
+        this->listener_->on_write_result(this->op_handle_, att_status);
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->discovery_phase_ != DiscoveryPhase::NONE) {
+    this->advance_discovery_(att_status);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Service discovery ----
+
+int RP2GattClient::discover_services() {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+    // Transient: freed in release_services() right after the table streams
+    // to the API client (mirrors Bluedroid's own per-connection GATT DB
+    // lifetime on esp32). Checked: a fragmented heap must surface as a
+    // stack error the proxy can report, not a device reset.
+    RAMAllocator<ServiceArena> allocator(RAMAllocator<ServiceArena>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    this->arena_ = allocator.allocate(1);
+    if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%u] Service table allocation failed", this->engine_index_);
+      return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    new (this->arena_) ServiceArena();
+  }
+  this->service_count_ = 0;
+  this->char_count_ = 0;
+  this->desc_count_ = 0;
+  this->truncated_ = false;
+  this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::SERVICES;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_discover_primary_services(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+    this->release_services();
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::issue_characteristic_query_(uint16_t service_index) {
+  auto &service = this->arena_->services[service_index];
+  gatt_client_service_t btstack_service = {};
+  btstack_service.start_group_handle = service.start_handle;
+  btstack_service.end_group_handle = service.end_handle;
+  service.first_characteristic = this->char_count_;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  return gatt_client_discover_characteristics_for_service(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_,
+                                                          &btstack_service);
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::issue_descriptor_query_(uint16_t char_index) {
+  auto &chr = this->arena_->characteristics[char_index];
+  gatt_client_characteristic_t btstack_characteristic = {};
+  btstack_characteristic.value_handle = chr.value_handle;
+  btstack_characteristic.end_handle = chr.end_handle;
+  chr.first_descriptor = this->desc_count_;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  return gatt_client_discover_characteristic_descriptors(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_,
+                                                         &btstack_characteristic);
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::advance_discovery_(uint8_t att_status) {
+  if (this->arena_ == nullptr) {
+    // release_services() is publicly callable; a table freed mid-discovery
+    // must end the discovery instead of dereferencing a null arena.
+    this->finish_discovery_(GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (att_status != 0) {
+    this->finish_discovery_(att_status);
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (this->discovery_phase_) {
+    case DiscoveryPhase::SERVICES:
+      if (this->service_count_ == 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(0);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::CHARACTERISTICS;
+      this->disc_service_cursor_ = 0;
+      if (int err = this->issue_characteristic_query_(0); err != 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(err);
+      }
+      break;
+    case DiscoveryPhase::CHARACTERISTICS: {
+      auto &service = this->arena_->services[this->disc_service_cursor_];
+      service.characteristic_count = this->char_count_ - service.first_characteristic;
+      this->disc_service_cursor_++;
+      if (this->disc_service_cursor_ < this->service_count_) {
+        if (int err = this->issue_characteristic_query_(this->disc_service_cursor_); err != 0) {
+          this->finish_discovery_(err);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      if (this->char_count_ == 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(0);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::DESCRIPTORS;
+      this->disc_char_cursor_ = 0;
+      if (int err = this->issue_descriptor_query_(0); err != 0) {
+        this->finish_discovery_(err);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case DiscoveryPhase::DESCRIPTORS: {
+      auto &chr = this->arena_->characteristics[this->disc_char_cursor_];
+      chr.descriptor_count = this->desc_count_ - chr.first_descriptor;
+      this->disc_char_cursor_++;
+      if (this->disc_char_cursor_ < this->char_count_) {
+        if (int err = this->issue_descriptor_query_(this->disc_char_cursor_); err != 0) {
+          this->finish_discovery_(err);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      this->finish_discovery_(0);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::finish_discovery_(int error) {
+  this->discovery_phase_ = DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%u] Discovery done (err=%d): %u services, %u characteristics, %u descriptors", this->engine_index_,
+           error, this->service_count_, this->char_count_, this->desc_count_);
+  if (error == 0 && this->truncated_) {
+    // A partial table must not stream: V3 clients cache the database
+    // permanently, so an incomplete one would be wrong forever.
+    error = ATT_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+  }
+  if (error == 0) {
+    // Discovery no longer needs the fast interval; settle into the shared
+    // steady-state parameters (same lifecycle place as esp32). Status
+    // discarded: BTstack fails this only for an already-gone handle.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    gap_update_connection_parameters(this->con_handle_, MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0,
+                                     MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT);
+  }
+  if (this->truncated_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Service table truncated (device exceeds %u services / %u characteristics / %u descriptors)",
+             RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES, RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS, RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS);
+  }
+  if (error != 0) {
+    this->release_services();
+  }
+  this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(error);
+}
+
+ble_device_base::GattServiceTable RP2GattClient::get_service_table() {
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable table;
+  if (this->arena_ != nullptr) {
+    table.services = this->arena_->services;
+    table.characteristics = this->arena_->characteristics;
+    table.descriptors = this->arena_->descriptors;
+    table.service_count = this->service_count_;
+    table.characteristic_count = this->char_count_;
+    table.descriptor_count = this->desc_count_;
+  }
+  return table;
+}
+
+void RP2GattClient::release_services() {
+  if (this->arena_ != nullptr) {
+    // Under BluetoothLock so a discovery result landing in the BTstack
+    // context cannot write into the arena mid-free.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    RAMAllocator<ServiceArena> allocator(RAMAllocator<ServiceArena>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    this->arena_->~ServiceArena();
+    allocator.deallocate(this->arena_, 1);
+    this->arena_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  this->service_count_ = 0;
+  this->char_count_ = 0;
+  this->desc_count_ = 0;
+  this->truncated_ = false;
+}
+
+// ---- Connection control ----
+
+int RP2GattClient::connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) {
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    // setup() failed: nothing is registered for event routing and loop()
+    // never runs, so a connect could not complete or time out.
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::IDLE) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  if (!this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, this->peer_addr_);
+  // BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* code space: bit 0 distinguishes public from random
+  // (resolved RPA types 2/3 connect with the underlying kind).
+  this->peer_addr_type_ = (addr_type & 1) != 0 ? BD_ADDR_TYPE_LE_RANDOM : BD_ADDR_TYPE_LE_PUBLIC;
+
+  // Stop the shared radio's scan for the duration of the connect attempt
+  // (esp32 parity: initiating and scanning contend for the radio).
+  this->holds_scan_inhibit_ = true;
+  this->parent_->inhibit_scan();
+  this->connect_cancel_attempted_ = false;
+  this->cancel_requested_ = false;
+  // Bounds the queued wait; restarted when gap_connect is accepted so the
+  // radio attempt gets its full budget (HA's own ~20 s timeout arbitrates the
+  // sum via a disconnect request).
+  this->connect_started_ = millis();
+  if (int err = this->try_gap_connect_(); err != 0) {
+    this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+    return err;
+  }
+  this->enable_loop();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// One outgoing LE create-connection exists stack-wide: issue it if no other
+// engine owns it, otherwise park in CONNECT_PENDING for loop() to retry.
+// Returns nonzero only for hard failures (state untouched; caller cleans up).
+int RP2GattClient::try_gap_connect_() {
+  // Unlocked peek: single core, aligned pointer; a stale value costs one loop
+  // pass and the locked re-check below is authoritative. Keeps the per-loop
+  // pending retry from taking BluetoothLock just to find the radio busy.
+  if (connect_owner != nullptr) {
+    this->state_ = EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint8_t status;
+  {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    if (connect_owner != nullptr) {
+      status = ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED;
+    } else {
+      // esp32 parity: cached connections come up at MEDIUM already (nothing
+      // consumes the fast interval without a discovery phase), so there is no
+      // post-connect update procedure to race or silently lose; sustained
+      // FAST intervals also starve WiFi on the shared CYW43 radio.
+      // Without-cache runs FAST for discovery and steps down in
+      // finish_discovery_.
+      bool cached = this->connection_type_ == ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE;
+      gap_set_connection_parameters(CONN_SCAN_INTERVAL, CONN_SCAN_WINDOW,
+                                    cached ? MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL : FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL,
+                                    cached ? MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL : FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0,
+                                    cached ? MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT : FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT, CONN_CE_MIN, CONN_CE_MAX);
+      status = gap_connect(this->peer_addr_, this->peer_addr_type_);
+      if (status == 0) {
+        connect_owner = this;
+        // Still under the lock: a synthesized failure completion can fire in
+        // the BTstack context the instant it releases, and completion routing
+        // requires CONNECTING — set after the fact, the event is discarded
+        // and the engine burns its whole budget waiting for it.
+        this->state_ = EngineState::CONNECTING;
+        this->connect_started_ = millis();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (status == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (status == ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED) {
+    // Radio busy with another engine's connect; resolved from loop().
+    this->state_ = EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] gap_connect failed, status=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, status);
+  return status;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::gatt_disconnect() {
+  switch (this->state_) {
+    case EngineState::IDLE:
+      return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+    case EngineState::DISCONNECTING:
+      return 0;  // already on its way down
+    case EngineState::CONNECT_PENDING:
+      // Nothing issued stack-side; the invalid handle takes the refused
+      // path below without touching the stack.
+      break;
+    case EngineState::CONNECTING: {
+      if (this->con_handle_ == HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+        // The cancel can lose the race against a successful connection
+        // complete; handle_connected_ checks this flag and finishes the
+        // teardown instead of proceeding. It also counts as the one cancel
+        // attempt, so a lost completion escalates on the next timeout tick.
+        this->cancel_requested_ = true;
+        this->connect_cancel_attempted_ = true;
+        // Grace period for the cancel completion: the client's disconnect
+        // often lands right at the engine's own deadline, and without the
+        // restart the loop timeout fires first and reports before the
+        // completion can finish the teardown cleanly.
+        this->connect_started_ = millis();
+        BluetoothLock lock;
+        // Owner: the cancel completes as a failed connection-complete. Not
+        // the owner (completion already resolved in the BTstack context): the
+        // queued event drives the same teardown, nothing to cancel.
+        if (connect_owner == this) {
+          gap_connect_cancel();
+        }
+        return 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  uint8_t status = ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER;
+  if (this->con_handle_ != HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID) {
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      status = gap_disconnect(this->con_handle_);
+    }
+    if (status != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%u] gap_disconnect failed, status=0x%02x", this->engine_index_, status);
+    }
+  }
+  if (status != 0) {
+    // Refused (handle already gone) or never issued (CONNECT_PENDING):
+    // complete via the event queue so the listener cannot re-enter
+    // disconnect mid-call. BluetoothLock stops the IRQ producer, so this
+    // main-loop push is SPSC-safe.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    this->enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::DISCONNECTED, HCI_REASON_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 0);
+  }
+  this->state_ = EngineState::DISCONNECTING;
+  this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+  // No more initiating: give the radio back to the scanner during teardown.
+  this->release_scan_inhibit_();
+  this->enable_loop();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// ---- GATT operations (single outstanding op) ----
+
+int RP2GattClient::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::READ_CHAR;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  this->op_len_ = 0;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  // Long variant: plain read first, blob continuations only past MTU - 1.
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_read_long_value_of_characteristic_using_value_handle(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler,
+                                                                                    this->con_handle_, handle);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+    return ATT_ERROR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH;
+  }
+  if (!response) {
+    // Synchronous in BTstack: the data is copied into the L2CAP buffer before
+    // the call returns, and no completion event exists — synthesize one so
+    // the wire behavior matches esp32 (which reports write-no-response too).
+    uint8_t status;
+    {
+      BluetoothLock lock;
+      if (this->op_type_ == OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP) {
+        // A deferred write is parked; sending now would overtake it.
+        return GATT_CLIENT_BUSY;
+      }
+      status = gatt_client_write_value_of_characteristic_without_response(this->con_handle_, handle, len,
+                                                                          const_cast<uint8_t *>(data));
+      // BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL is the same transient flow control one layer
+      // down (L2CAP), so it defers identically.
+      if (status == GATT_CLIENT_BUSY || status == BTSTACK_ACL_BUFFERS_FULL) {
+        if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+          // The op buffer is owned; bounce the busy to the caller as before.
+          return status;
+        }
+        // Stash the payload and send from the can-send callback.
+        memcpy(this->op_buffer_, data, len);
+        this->op_type_ = OpType::WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP;
+        this->op_handle_ = handle;
+        this->op_len_ = len;
+        this->write_no_rsp_started_ = millis();
+        this->can_write_registration_.callback = &RP2GattClient::can_write_no_rsp_trampoline;
+        this->can_write_registration_.context = this;
+        uint8_t req = gatt_client_request_to_write_without_response(&this->can_write_registration_, this->con_handle_);
+        if (req != 0 && req != ERROR_CODE_COMMAND_DISALLOWED) {
+          this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+          return req;
+        }
+        // COMMAND_DISALLOWED = still armed from a timed-out deferral; that
+        // registration sends the newly parked payload. Keep the loop running
+        // so the deadline below can fire on a stalled link.
+        this->enable_loop();
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    if (status == 0) {
+      this->listener_->on_write_result(handle, 0);
+    }
+    return status;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  // BTstack keeps the caller's pointer until the request is sent; the payload
+  // must live in engine-owned storage across the async operation.
+  memcpy(this->op_buffer_, data, len);
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::WRITE_CHAR;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status;
+  if (len <= this->mtu_ - 3) {
+    status = gatt_client_write_value_of_characteristic(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, handle,
+                                                       len, this->op_buffer_);
+  } else {
+    status = gatt_client_write_long_value_of_characteristic(&RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_,
+                                                            handle, len, this->op_buffer_);
+  }
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::READ_DESC;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  this->op_len_ = 0;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_read_long_characteristic_descriptor_using_descriptor_handle(
+      &RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, handle);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  if (this->op_in_flight_()) {
+    return GATT_CLIENT_IN_WRONG_STATE;
+  }
+  if (len > RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+    return ATT_ERROR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH;
+  }
+  memcpy(this->op_buffer_, data, len);
+  this->op_type_ = OpType::WRITE_DESC;
+  this->op_handle_ = handle;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  uint8_t status = gatt_client_write_characteristic_descriptor_using_descriptor_handle(
+      &RP2GattClient::gatt_packet_handler, this->con_handle_, handle, len, this->op_buffer_);
+  if (status != 0) {
+    this->op_type_ = OpType::NONE;
+    return status;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::pair() {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  sm_request_pairing(this->con_handle_);  // void API; completion via SM events
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  // The CCCD write arrives separately as a descriptor write (V3 semantics);
+  // this call only gates local delivery via the subscription list.
+  if (enable) {
+    if (!this->notify_subscribed_(handle)) {
+      if (this->notify_subscription_count_ >= RP2_GATT_MAX_NOTIFY_SUBSCRIPTIONS) {
+        return GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+      }
+      this->notify_subscriptions_[this->notify_subscription_count_++] = handle;
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->notify_subscription_count_; i++) {
+      if (this->notify_subscriptions_[i] == handle) {
+        this->notify_subscriptions_[i] = this->notify_subscriptions_[--this->notify_subscription_count_];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this->listener_->on_notify_state(handle, enable, 0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool RP2GattClient::notify_subscribed_(uint16_t handle) const {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->notify_subscription_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->notify_subscriptions_[i] == handle) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+int RP2GattClient::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                            uint16_t timeout) {
+  if (this->state_ != EngineState::READY) {
+    return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  }
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  return gap_update_connection_parameters(this->con_handle_, min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout);
+}
+
+conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address) {
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, mac);
+  bool found = false;
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  // Exhaustive: the db keys on (type, address), so stale entries can share
+  // the same address bytes under different types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < le_device_db_max_count(); i++) {
+    int addr_type = 0;
+    bd_addr_t addr;
+    le_device_db_info(i, &addr_type, addr, nullptr);
+    if (addr_type != BD_ADDR_TYPE_UNKNOWN && memcmp(addr, mac, sizeof(bd_addr_t)) == 0) {
+      le_device_db_remove(i);
+      found = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (found) {
+    return CONN_OK;
+  }
+  // No bond for this address; the shared error domain has no closer code
+  // (esp32 parity: its remove-bond call also errors for an unknown address).
+  return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d407269b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_rp2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+// RP2 (Pico W / Pico 2 W) GATT client backend over BTstack.
+//
+// The build's ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection backend (bound by alias in
+// bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h) for the hub BluetoothConnection wrapper. BTstack packet handlers run in the
+// CYW43 async-context low-priority IRQ (or on the main-loop stack during BluetoothLock release), so handlers only copy
+// into per-instance lock-free queues/storage; loop() drains them and drives the state machine. Every BTstack call
+// issued from the main loop is wrapped in BluetoothLock.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <btstack.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// Caps for the transient service table. Sized generously for real devices
+// (typical peripherals expose < 8 services / < 30 characteristics); a peer
+// exceeding a cap fails discovery with INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES rather than
+// streaming an incomplete database a V3 client would cache permanently.
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES = 16;
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS = 96;
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS = 96;
+
+// Concurrent notify subscriptions per connection (enable fails with
+// GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY when exceeded; real clients subscribe to a handful).
+static constexpr uint8_t RP2_GATT_MAX_NOTIFY_SUBSCRIPTIONS = 16;
+
+// ATT spec maximum attribute value length; bounds the op buffer and
+// notification payloads.
+static constexpr uint16_t RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN = 512;
+
+// Control events from the BTstack handlers to loop().
+struct RP2GattEvent {
+  enum Type : uint8_t {
+    CONNECTED,          // status + con_handle (value)
+    DISCONNECTED,       // status = HCI reason
+    MTU_EXCHANGED,      // value = negotiated MTU
+    QUERY_COMPLETE,     // status = ATT status of the finished query
+    WRITE_NO_RSP_DONE,  // status = result of the deferred write
+    PAIRING_RESULT,     // status = SM pairing status (0 = bonded)
+  };
+  Type type;
+  uint8_t status;
+  uint16_t value;
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+// One notification/indication from the peer.
+struct RP2GattNotifyEvent {
+  uint16_t handle;
+  uint16_t len;
+  uint8_t data[RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN];
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+static constexpr uint8_t RP2_GATT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE = 8;
+// Depth 4: the queue is drained every main-loop iteration and each slot is a
+// full 512 B ATT payload, so depth buys burst tolerance at ~516 B per slot.
+static constexpr uint8_t RP2_GATT_NOTIFY_QUEUE_SIZE = 4;
+
+class RP2GattClient final : public Component,
+                            public Parented<rp2040_ble::RP2040BLE>
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    ,
+                            public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+#endif
+{
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+
+  void set_listener(ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection contract ----
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type);
+  int gatt_disconnect();
+  // Teardown starts inside gatt_disconnect() on this backend; nothing is
+  // ever scheduled, so there is nothing to cancel.
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect() { return false; }
+  int discover_services();
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response);
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  int pair();
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table();
+  // Cached connections initiate at MEDIUM parameters (esp32 parity); FAST is
+  // reserved for the discovery phase of uncached connects.
+  void set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType ct) { this->connection_type_ = ct; }
+  void release_services();
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Drop the connection while an OTA runs (esp32 parity): an active link
+  // competes with the transfer for the shared radio.
+  void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  // Link/engine state. Discovery and GATT ops have their own cursors below —
+  // the link stays READY while they run.
+  enum class EngineState : uint8_t {
+    IDLE,
+    CONNECT_PENDING,  // queued: another engine owns the stack-wide create-connection
+    CONNECTING,       // gap_connect issued, waiting for connection complete
+    MTU_EXCHANGE,     // link up, waiting for GATT_EVENT_MTU
+    READY,            // on_connection_state(true) delivered
+    DISCONNECTING,
+  };
+
+  enum class DiscoveryPhase : uint8_t { NONE, SERVICES, CHARACTERISTICS, DESCRIPTORS };
+
+  enum class OpType : uint8_t { NONE, READ_CHAR, WRITE_CHAR, WRITE_CHAR_NO_RSP, READ_DESC, WRITE_DESC };
+
+  // The whole table in one transient allocation (RAMAllocator, checked),
+  // freed after streaming.
+  struct ServiceArena {
+    ble_device_base::GattService services[RP2_GATT_MAX_SERVICES];
+    ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic characteristics[RP2_GATT_MAX_CHARACTERISTICS];
+    ble_device_base::GattDescriptor descriptors[RP2_GATT_MAX_DESCRIPTORS];
+  };
+
+  // BTstack packet handlers (IRQ context: copy-and-enqueue only).
+  static void hci_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static void gatt_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static void sm_packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static RP2GattClient *instance_for_con_handle(hci_con_handle_t con_handle);
+
+  void handle_gatt_event_irq_(uint8_t event_type, const uint8_t *packet);
+  void enqueue_event_irq_(RP2GattEvent::Type type, uint8_t status, uint16_t value);
+  void enqueue_notify_irq_(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void assemble_blob_irq_(uint16_t offset, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
+  // Main-loop state machine.
+  void handle_event_(const RP2GattEvent &event);
+  void handle_connected_(uint8_t status, uint16_t con_handle);
+  void handle_disconnected_(uint8_t reason);
+  void handle_query_complete_(uint8_t att_status);
+  void advance_discovery_(uint8_t att_status);
+  int issue_characteristic_query_(uint16_t service_index);
+  int issue_descriptor_query_(uint16_t char_index);
+  void finish_discovery_(int error);
+  void fail_connection_(uint8_t reason);
+  int try_gap_connect_();
+  void cleanup_link_state_();
+  bool notify_subscribed_(uint16_t handle) const;
+  static void can_write_no_rsp_trampoline(void *context);
+  void finish_write_no_rsp_(uint8_t status);
+  void release_scan_inhibit_();
+  bool op_in_flight_() const {
+    return this->op_type_ != OpType::NONE || this->discovery_phase_ != DiscoveryPhase::NONE;
+  }
+
+  // Group 1: containers / large storage
+  ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+  ServiceArena *arena_{nullptr};
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<RP2GattEvent, RP2_GATT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_queue_;
+  esphome::EventPool<RP2GattEvent, RP2_GATT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> event_pool_;
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<RP2GattNotifyEvent, RP2_GATT_NOTIFY_QUEUE_SIZE> notify_queue_;
+  esphome::EventPool<RP2GattNotifyEvent, RP2_GATT_NOTIFY_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> notify_pool_;
+
+  // Shared buffer for the single outstanding GATT op: write payloads (BTstack
+  // keeps the caller's pointer until the request is sent) and read results
+  // (written from the handler, read after QUERY_COMPLETE is drained).
+  uint8_t op_buffer_[RP2_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN];
+
+  // BTstack registrations
+  gatt_client_notification_t notification_registration_{};
+  btstack_context_callback_registration_t can_write_registration_{};
+
+  // Group 3: 4-byte types
+  uint32_t connect_started_{0};
+  uint32_t connect_retry_ms_{0};  // last CONNECT_PENDING gap_connect attempt
+  uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
+  uint32_t write_no_rsp_started_{0};
+  // Unscoped C enum, so int-sized: lives with the 4-byte members to keep the
+  // padding at the tail.
+  bd_addr_type_t peer_addr_type_{BD_ADDR_TYPE_LE_PUBLIC};
+
+  // Group 4: 2-byte types (table counters written from the handler during
+  // discovery, read from the main loop after the phase's QUERY_COMPLETE)
+  hci_con_handle_t con_handle_{HCI_CON_HANDLE_INVALID};
+  uint16_t mtu_{ble_device_base::DEFAULT_ATT_MTU};
+  uint16_t op_handle_{0};
+  uint16_t op_len_{0};
+  uint16_t service_count_{0};
+  uint16_t char_count_{0};
+  uint16_t desc_count_{0};
+  uint16_t disc_service_cursor_{0};
+  uint16_t disc_char_cursor_{0};
+
+  // Group 5: arrays / 1-byte types
+  // Subscribed notify handles; the loop() drain filters the wildcard
+  // listener's deliveries on this list (esp32 parity for enable=false).
+  std::array<uint16_t, RP2_GATT_MAX_NOTIFY_SUBSCRIPTIONS> notify_subscriptions_{};
+  uint8_t notify_subscription_count_{0};
+  uint8_t engine_index_{0};  // position in instances[]; tags log lines per slot
+  bd_addr_t peer_addr_{};    // MSB-first, as gap_connect expects
+  ble_device_base::ConnectionType connection_type_{ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE};
+  EngineState state_{EngineState::IDLE};
+  DiscoveryPhase discovery_phase_{DiscoveryPhase::NONE};
+  OpType op_type_{OpType::NONE};
+  bool truncated_{false};
+  // One cancel attempt per connect: the second timeout escalates to failure.
+  bool connect_cancel_attempted_{false};
+  // A disconnect request raced an in-flight connect; finish teardown on link-up.
+  bool cancel_requested_{false};
+  // This engine's own hold on the shared scan inhibit, so the pairing stays
+  // one-to-one per connection even with multiple slots.
+  bool holds_scan_inhibit_{false};
+
+  // Instance registry for routing BTstack events (IRQ context) to engines.
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static RP2GattClient *instances[ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT];
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static uint8_t instance_count;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_registration;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_registration;
+  // The engine whose gap_connect is in flight: BTstack allows one outgoing LE
+  // create-connection stack-wide, and gap_connect_cancel is global, so only
+  // the owner may cancel. Written under BluetoothLock from the main loop,
+  // cleared in the BTstack context when the procedure resolves.
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static RP2GattClient *connect_owner;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
index ad7528c156..1b761849a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,62 @@
+import functools
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
-from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
-from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, bluetooth_connection
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ACTIVE, CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    CONF_ID,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_client", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "esp32"]
+# The esp32 BLE stack (esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker) is imported lazily
+# inside _esp32_config_schema()/_to_code_esp32(): importing those modules
+# registers esp32-only automations (ble.enable, ble.disable, ...) as a side
+# effect, and a module-scope import would leak them into every platform's
+# registry the moment a config declares `bluetooth_proxy:` — degrading
+# "Unable to find action" config errors into C++ compile failures.
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD(config: ConfigType | None = None) -> list[str]:
+    """Components to auto-load for the platform being compiled.
+
+    Callable with no argument so tooling that resolves AUTO_LOAD without a
+    target platform (the device-builder catalog sync does exactly this) gets
+    the union of every arm instead of an empty list — which is what lets it
+    keep cross-referencing the esp32 BLE stack. A real build always has a
+    target platform set, so it takes one of the concrete branches.
+    """
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        return ["bluetooth_connection", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+    if CORE.target_platform in _HUB_PLATFORMS:
+        return ["ble_device_base", "bluetooth_connection"]
+    # No target platform, or one this component does not support: tooling
+    # resolving the manifest (including the host-pinned dependency resolver) —
+    # expose every arm so the closure keeps the esp32 BLE stack.
+    return [
+        "ble_device_base",
+        "bluetooth_connection",
+        "esp32_ble_tracker",
+    ]
+
+
+# Platforms with an in-tree ble_device_base BLE tracker hub whose controller
+# supports active scanning — every current client (aioesphomeapi, bleak-esphome,
+# Home Assistant) assumes an ESPHome proxy can scan actively, so a passive-only
+# hub must not be admitted (it would be misdriven).
+# Coupled to bluetooth_connection: platforms with a GATT backend are also
+# listed in its _PLATFORM_BACKENDS registry, HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS, and
+# FILTER_SOURCE_FILES hub entry.
+_HUB_PLATFORMS = (PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_LN882X, PLATFORM_RP2)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@bdraco"]
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -20,65 +68,302 @@ DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SLOTS = 3
 
 bluetooth_proxy_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bluetooth_proxy")
 
-BluetoothProxy = bluetooth_proxy_ns.class_(
-    "BluetoothProxy", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
-)
-BluetoothConnection = bluetooth_proxy_ns.class_(
-    "BluetoothConnection", esp32_ble_client.BLEClientBase
-)
+BluetoothProxy = bluetooth_proxy_ns.class_("BluetoothProxy", cg.Component)
 
-CONNECTION_SCHEMA = esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BluetoothConnection),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+# Mirrors esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS (the loosest platform cap): the esp32
+# schema builder asserts the two agree, tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/
+# pins them together, and the outer walkable schema uses it as the
+# connection_slots bound (per-platform schemas tighten it).
+_IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 9
 
 
-def validate_connections(config):
-    if CONF_CONNECTIONS in config:
-        if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                "Connections can only be used if the proxy is set to active"
+@functools.cache
+def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
+    """Build the esp32 schema, importing the esp32 BLE stack only when used."""
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    if esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS != _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"bluetooth_proxy's connection-slot limit mirror "
+            f"({_IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS}) is out of sync with "
+            f"esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS ({esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS}); "
+            f"update _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py"
+        )
+
+    CONNECTION_SCHEMA = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_ESP32)
+
+    def validate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        if CONF_CONNECTIONS in config:
+            if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    "Connections can only be used if the proxy is set to active"
+                )
+        elif config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
+            connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
+            esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(
+                config
             )
-    elif config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
-        connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
-        esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
 
-        return {
-            **config,
-            CONF_CONNECTIONS: [CONNECTION_SCHEMA({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],
-        }
+            return {
+                **config,
+                CONF_CONNECTIONS: [
+                    CONNECTION_SCHEMA({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)
+                ],
+            }
+        return config
+
+    return cv.All(
+        (
+            cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    **_COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS,
+                        default=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SLOTS,
+                    ): cv.All(
+                        cv.positive_int,
+                        cv.Range(min=1, max=esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
+                    ),
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
+                        cv.ensure_list(CONNECTION_SCHEMA),
+                        cv.Length(min=1, max=esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
+                    ),
+                }
+            )
+            .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+        ),
+        validate_connections,
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_no_active(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Active connections are not supported on this platform; the proxy "
+            "forwards advertisements only (set active: false)"
+        )
     return config
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    (
+@functools.cache
+def _rp2_config_schema() -> cv.All:
+    """Full proxy on the rp2 BLE hub: active connections through the BTstack
+    GATT client backend in bluetooth_connection. Multi-slot builds replace the
+    prebuilt library's one-client BTstack pools via linker --wrap, owned by
+    rp2040_ble and requested when a second backend registers."""
+    connection_schema = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_RP2)
+
+    def populate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
+
+        # One wrapper + backend pair per slot, declared during validation so
+        # their ids exist for codegen (the esp32 arm's `connections` pattern).
+        if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
+            return config
+        connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
+        rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
+        return {
+            **config,
+            CONF_CONNECTIONS: [connection_schema({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],
+        }
+
+    max_conn = bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS[PLATFORM_RP2]
+    schema = (
         cv.Schema(
             {
-                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BluetoothProxy),
+                **_COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True): cv.boolean,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES, default=True): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(
                     CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS,
-                    default=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SLOTS,
+                    default=min(DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SLOTS, max_conn),
                 ): cv.All(
                     cv.positive_int,
-                    cv.Range(min=1, max=esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
-                ),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
-                    cv.ensure_list(CONNECTION_SCHEMA),
-                    cv.Length(min=1, max=esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
+                    cv.Range(
+                        min=1,
+                        max=max_conn,
+                        msg=f"rp2 supports at most {max_conn} connection slot(s); "
+                        "the BTstack pool overrides in rp2040_ble are sized "
+                        f"for {max_conn}",
+                    ),
                 ),
             }
         )
-        .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+        .extend(
+            # ble_hub_id with the friendly no-tracker-configured guard.
+            ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
+        )
         .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    ),
-    validate_connections,
+    )
+    return cv.All(schema, populate_connections)
+
+
+async def _connections_to_code(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """One wrapper + backend pair per slot; the platform-specific backend
+    registration lives in bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend()."""
+    connections = config.get(CONF_CONNECTIONS, [])
+    # The api component sizes BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse.allocated with
+    # this define whenever a proxy is present (zero on advertisement-only
+    # hubs); sized here so it can never diverge from the loop below.
+    cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", len(connections))
+    if connections:
+        # Gates the connection and GATT half of the API surface. A proxy
+        # without slots omits FEATURE_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS, so a client never
+        # sends those requests and their handlers and encoders are dead.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
+    for connection_conf in connections:
+        backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(connection_conf)
+        connection = cg.new_Pvariable(connection_conf[CONF_ID])
+        cg.add(connection.set_backend(backend))
+        cg.add(var.register_connection(connection))
+
+
+# Per-platform schema builders; every key of
+# bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS needs an entry here (pinned by
+# tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/). Connection codegen is shared.
+_GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS = {PLATFORM_RP2: _rp2_config_schema}
+
+
+# Keys every platform arm declares identically; each arm spreads this dict so
+# the shared surface cannot drift. CONF_ACTIVE stays per-arm: its default
+# differs (esp32 True, rp2 True, advertisement-only False).
+_COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS = {
+    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BluetoothProxy),
+}
+
+# Advertisement-only proxy on a neutral BLE hub: the hub's raw-advertisement
+# callback feeds the same API batching, no connection stack compiled.
+_BLE_HUB_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            **_COMMON_SCHEMA_KEYS,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(
+        # ble_hub_id with the friendly no-tracker-configured guard.
+        ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_no_active,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Apply the schema for the platform actually being compiled.
+
+    Three-way dispatch: esp32 gets the full GATT proxy, HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    platforms get their _GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS arm, the remaining hub platforms get
+    the advertisement-only shape; unsupported keys were already rejected by
+    name in _reject_unsupported_connection_keys.
+    """
+    if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        # The language-schema dumper runs without a platform. Expose the esp32
+        # shape so `connections`, the ids and every default stay in the
+        # generated schema the editor and dashboard consume.
+        return _esp32_config_schema()
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        return _esp32_config_schema()(config)
+    if CORE.target_platform not in _HUB_PLATFORMS:
+        # Fail here with the actual reason. Without this gate the error surfaces
+        # later as an unresolvable hub ID ("Are you missing a hub declaration?")
+        # on platforms where no hub component can be declared.
+        full = ", ".join(["esp32", *sorted(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS)])
+        adv_only = ", ".join(
+            sorted(set(_HUB_PLATFORMS) - set(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS))
+        )
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"bluetooth_proxy is not supported on {CORE.target_platform}: no "
+            "active-scan-capable BLE tracker hub is available for this "
+            f"platform. It runs on {full} (full proxy) and {adv_only} "
+            "(advertisement-only)."
+        )
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        return _GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS[CORE.target_platform]()(config)
+    return _BLE_HUB_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def _reject_unsupported_connection_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject connection options a platform does not support, by name.
+
+    GATT hub platforms keep connection_slots but reject the esp32-only keys;
+    advertisement-only hubs reject all three. Runs before the walkable schema
+    below so the user gets "this option does not exist here" instead of a
+    value-range error implying the option works.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(config, dict) or CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.target_platform is None:
+        return config
+    if CORE.target_platform not in _HUB_PLATFORMS:
+        # No proxy of any kind exists here: fall through so _validate_platform
+        # reports "not supported on {platform}" instead of a key-level message
+        # implying an advertisement-only proxy is available.
+        return config
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        # Full proxy: connection_slots is real here; the per-connection list
+        # exists internally but carries no user options, and the Bluedroid
+        # NVS service cache is esp32-only.
+        rejected = {
+            CONF_CONNECTIONS: (
+                "has no per-connection options on this platform; use "
+                "'connection_slots' to set the count"
+            ),
+            CONF_CACHE_SERVICES: "is esp32-only (Bluedroid NVS service cache)",
+        }
+    else:
+        reason = (
+            "requires active connection support; this platform runs the "
+            "advertisement-only proxy and has no such option"
+        )
+        rejected = dict.fromkeys(
+            (CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS, CONF_CACHE_SERVICES, CONF_CONNECTIONS), reason
+        )
+    for key, reason in rejected.items():
+        if key in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"'{key}' {reason}", path=[key])
+    return config
+
+
+# CONFIG_SCHEMA stays a statically walkable schema: tooling (the dashboard's
+# field-range extractor among others) introspects it to discover options and
+# their bounds, which a bare dispatch function would hide. It carries the scalar
+# keys with no defaults; _validate_platform then runs the real per-platform
+# schema, which applies the defaults and rejects options the platform does not
+# support.
+#
+# It deliberately does NOT declare `connections`: this outer schema runs before
+# the per-platform one, so any key it transforms is transformed twice. Running
+# CONNECTION_SCHEMA twice re-validates an already-generated ID through
+# declare_id(), which (unlike use_id) has no guard for an ID instance and
+# rejects it as empty. extra=ALLOW_EXTRA passes `connections` through untouched
+# for _ESP32_CONFIG_SCHEMA to validate exactly once.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    _reject_unsupported_connection_keys,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES): cv.boolean,
+            # Bounded by the loosest platform cap so range walkers (the
+            # device-builder field-range sync) see a real Range; the
+            # per-platform schemas tighten it (1 on rp2) with their own error.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS): cv.All(
+                cv.positive_int,
+                cv.Range(min=1, max=_IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
+            ),
+        },
+        extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+    ),
+    _validate_platform,
+)
+
+
+async def _to_code_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+    from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
+
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GATT, BTLoggers.L2CAP, BTLoggers.SMP)
 
@@ -86,11 +371,35 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_active(config[CONF_ACTIVE]))
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_raw_ble_device(var, config)
+    tracker = await cg.get_variable(config[esp32_ble_tracker.CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_ble_hub(tracker))
 
-    # Define max connections for protobuf fixed array
-    connection_count = len(config.get(CONF_CONNECTIONS, []))
-    cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", connection_count)
+    # Compiles the scanner-state push slot into the tracker and the matching
+    # registration into the proxy; the other hubs are polled instead.
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK")
+
+    await _connections_to_code(var, config)
+
+    if config.get(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES):
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH", True)
+
+
+async def _to_code_ble_hub(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_active(config[CONF_ACTIVE]))
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_ble_hub(hub))
+
+    await _connections_to_code(var, config)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        await _to_code_esp32(config)
+    else:
+        await _to_code_ble_hub(config)
 
     # Define batch size for BLE advertisements
     # Each advertisement is up to 80 bytes when packaged (including protocol overhead)
@@ -98,13 +407,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # This achieves ~97% WiFi MTU utilization while staying under the limit
     cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE", 16)
 
-    for connection_conf in config.get(CONF_CONNECTIONS, []):
-        connection_var = cg.new_Pvariable(connection_conf[CONF_ID])
-        await cg.register_component(connection_var, connection_conf)
-        cg.add(var.register_connection(connection_var))
-        await esp32_ble_tracker.register_raw_client(connection_var, connection_conf)
-
-    if config.get(CONF_CACHE_SERVICES):
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH", True)
-
     cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY")
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ba9e61e19..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,595 +0,0 @@
-#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
-
-#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "bluetooth_proxy.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_proxy.connection";
-
-// This function is allocation-free and directly packs UUIDs into the output array
-// using precalculated constants for the Bluetooth base UUID
-static void fill_128bit_uuid_array(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &out, esp_bt_uuid_t uuid_source) {
-  // Bluetooth base UUID: 00000000-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
-  // out[0] = bytes 8-15 (big-endian)
-  // - For 128-bit UUIDs: use bytes 8-15 as-is
-  // - For 16/32-bit UUIDs: insert into bytes 12-15, use 0x00001000 for bytes 8-11
-  out[0] = uuid_source.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128
-               ? (((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[15] << 56) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[14] << 48) |
-                  ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[13] << 40) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[12] << 32) |
-                  ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[11] << 24) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[10] << 16) |
-                  ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[9] << 8) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[8]))
-               : (((uint64_t) (uuid_source.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16 ? uuid_source.uuid.uuid16 : uuid_source.uuid.uuid32)
-                   << 32) |
-                  0x00001000ULL);  // Base UUID bytes 8-11
-  // out[1] = bytes 0-7 (big-endian)
-  // - For 128-bit UUIDs: use bytes 0-7 as-is
-  // - For 16/32-bit UUIDs: use precalculated base UUID constant
-  out[1] = uuid_source.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128
-               ? ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[7] << 56) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[6] << 48) |
-                     ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[5] << 40) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[4] << 32) |
-                     ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[3] << 24) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[2] << 16) |
-                     ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[1] << 8) | ((uint64_t) uuid_source.uuid.uuid128[0])
-               : 0x800000805F9B34FBULL;  // Base UUID bytes 0-7: 80-00-00-80-5F-9B-34-FB
-}
-
-// Helper to fill UUID in the appropriate format based on client support and UUID type
-static void fill_gatt_uuid(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &uuid_128, uint32_t &short_uuid, const esp_bt_uuid_t &uuid,
-                           bool use_efficient_uuids) {
-  if (!use_efficient_uuids || uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128) {
-    // Use 128-bit format for old clients or when UUID is already 128-bit
-    fill_128bit_uuid_array(uuid_128, uuid);
-  } else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
-    short_uuid = uuid.uuid.uuid16;
-  } else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32) {
-    short_uuid = uuid.uuid.uuid32;
-  }
-}
-
-// Constants for size estimation
-static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY = 25;     // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
-static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT = 10;  // UUID(6) + handle(4)
-static constexpr uint8_t CHAR_SIZE_128BIT = 35;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + props(4) + overhead(7)
-static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_128BIT = 25;            // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
-static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_16BIT = 10;             // UUID(6) + handle(4)
-static constexpr uint8_t DESC_PER_CHAR = 1;                // Assume 1 descriptor per characteristic
-
-// Helper to estimate service size before fetching all data
-/**
- * Estimate the size of a Bluetooth service based on the number of characteristics and UUID format.
- *
- * @param char_count The number of characteristics in the service.
- * @param use_efficient_uuids Whether to use efficient UUIDs (16-bit or 32-bit) for newer APIVersions.
- * @return The estimated size of the service in bytes.
- *
- * This function calculates the size of a Bluetooth service by considering:
- * - A service overhead, which depends on whether efficient UUIDs are used.
- * - The size of each characteristic, assuming 128-bit UUIDs for safety.
- * - The size of descriptors, assuming one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic.
- */
-static size_t estimate_service_size(uint16_t char_count, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
-  size_t service_overhead = use_efficient_uuids ? SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT : SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY;
-  // Always assume 128-bit UUIDs for characteristics to be safe
-  size_t char_size = CHAR_SIZE_128BIT;
-  // Assume one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic
-  size_t desc_size = DESC_SIZE_128BIT * DESC_PER_CHAR;
-
-  return service_overhead + (char_size + desc_size) * char_count;
-}
-
-bool BluetoothConnection::supports_efficient_uuids_() const {
-  auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-  return api_conn && api_conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 12);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "BLE Connection:");
-  BLEClientBase::dump_config();
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::update_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value) {
-  auto &allocated = this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.allocated;
-  for (auto &slot : allocated) {
-    if (slot == find_value) {
-      slot = set_value;
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::set_address(uint64_t address) {
-  // If we're clearing an address (disconnecting), update the pre-allocated message
-  if (address == 0 && this->address_ != 0) {
-    this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.free++;
-    this->update_allocated_slot_(this->address_, 0);
-  }
-  // If we're setting a new address (connecting), update the pre-allocated message
-  else if (address != 0 && this->address_ == 0) {
-    this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.free--;
-    this->update_allocated_slot_(0, address);
-  }
-
-  // Call parent implementation to actually set the address
-  BLEClientBase::set_address(address);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::loop() {
-  BLEClientBase::loop();
-
-  // Early return if no active connection
-  if (this->address_ == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Handle service discovery if in valid range
-  if (this->send_service_ >= 0 && this->send_service_ <= this->service_count_) {
-    this->send_service_for_discovery_();
-  }
-
-  // Check if we should disable the loop
-  // - For V3_WITH_CACHE: Services are never sent, disable after INIT state
-  // - For V3_WITHOUT_CACHE: Disable only after service discovery is complete
-  //   (send_service_ == DONE_SENDING_SERVICES, which is only set after services are sent)
-  // Never disable while DISCONNECTING — BLEClientBase::loop() needs to keep running so the
-  // 10s safety timeout can force IDLE if CLOSE_EVT is never delivered.
-  if (this->state() != espbt::ClientState::INIT && this->state() != espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING &&
-      (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE ||
-       this->send_service_ == DONE_SENDING_SERVICES)) {
-    this->disable_loop();
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) {
-  // Called from both the CLOSE_EVT handler and the DISCONNECTING safety timeout in the
-  // base class. Free the proxy slot, notify the API client, and reset send_service_.
-  // address_ may already be 0 if reset_connection_ ran earlier on this teardown.
-  if (this->address_ == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, reason);
-  this->reset_connection_(reason);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::reset_connection_(esp_err_t reason) {
-  // Send disconnection notification
-  this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, reason);
-
-  // Important: If we were in the middle of sending services, we do NOT send
-  // send_gatt_services_done() here. This ensures the client knows that
-  // the service discovery was interrupted and can retry. The client
-  // (aioesphomeapi) implements a 30-second timeout (DEFAULT_BLE_TIMEOUT)
-  // to detect incomplete service discovery rather than relying on us to
-  // tell them about a partial list.
-  this->set_address(0);
-  this->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
-  this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
-  if (this->send_service_ >= this->service_count_) {
-    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-    this->proxy_->send_gatt_services_done(this->address_);
-    this->release_services();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Early return if no API connection
-  auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-  if (api_conn == nullptr) {
-    this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Check if client supports efficient UUIDs
-  bool use_efficient_uuids = this->supports_efficient_uuids_();
-
-  // Prepare response
-  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
-  resp.address = this->address_;
-
-  // Dynamic batching based on actual size
-  // Conservative MTU limit for API messages (accounts for WPA3 overhead)
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1360;
-
-  // Keep running total of actual message size
-  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
-
-  while (this->send_service_ < this->service_count_) {
-    esp_gattc_service_elem_t service_result;
-    uint16_t service_count = 1;
-    esp_gatt_status_t service_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr,
-                                                                 &service_result, &service_count, this->send_service_);
-
-    if (service_status != ESP_GATT_OK || service_count == 0) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_service %s, status=%d, service_count=%d, offset=%d",
-               this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing",
-               service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
-      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Get the number of characteristics BEFORE adding to response
-    uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
-    esp_gatt_status_t char_count_status =
-        esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
-                                     service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
-
-    if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-      this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", char_count_status);
-      this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // If this service likely won't fit, send current batch (unless it's the first)
-    size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(total_char_count, use_efficient_uuids);
-    if (!resp.services.empty() && (current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE)) {
-      // This service likely won't fit, send current batch
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // Now add the service since we know it will likely fit
-    resp.services.emplace_back();
-    auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
-
-    fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid, service_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
-
-    service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
-
-    if (total_char_count > 0) {
-      // Initialize FixedVector with exact count and process characteristics
-      service_resp.characteristics.init(total_char_count);
-      uint16_t char_offset = 0;
-      esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
-      while (true) {  // characteristics
-        uint16_t char_count = 1;
-        esp_gatt_status_t char_status =
-            esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_result.start_handle,
-                                       service_result.end_handle, &char_result, &char_count, char_offset);
-        if (char_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || char_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
-          break;
-        }
-        if (char_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-          this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", char_status);
-          this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-          return;
-        }
-        if (char_count == 0) {
-          break;
-        }
-
-        service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
-        auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
-        fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid, char_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
-        characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
-        characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
-        char_offset++;
-
-        // Get the number of descriptors directly with one call
-        uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
-        esp_gatt_status_t desc_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(
-            this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0, char_result.char_handle, &total_desc_count);
-
-        if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-          this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", desc_count_status);
-          this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-          return;
-        }
-        if (total_desc_count == 0) {
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        // Initialize FixedVector with exact count and process descriptors
-        characteristic_resp.descriptors.init(total_desc_count);
-        uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
-        esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
-        while (true) {  // descriptors
-          uint16_t desc_count = 1;
-          esp_gatt_status_t desc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(
-              this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, char_result.char_handle, &desc_result, &desc_count, desc_offset);
-          if (desc_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || desc_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
-            break;
-          }
-          if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-            this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
-            this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
-            return;
-          }
-          if (desc_count == 0) {
-            break;  // No more descriptors
-          }
-
-          characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
-          auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
-          fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid, desc_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
-          descriptor_resp.handle = desc_result.handle;
-          desc_offset++;
-        }
-      }
-    }  // end if (total_char_count > 0)
-
-    // Calculate the actual size of just this service
-    size_t service_size = service_resp.calculate_size() + 1;  // +1 for field tag
-
-    // Check if adding this service would exceed the limit
-    if (current_size + service_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
-      // We would go over - pop the last service if we have more than one
-      if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
-        resp.services.pop_back();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %d + service: %d > %d), sending current batch",
-                 this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
-                 MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
-        // Don't increment send_service_ - we'll retry this service in next batch
-      } else {
-        // This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%d bytes) but sending anyway", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
-        // Increment so we don't get stuck
-        this->send_service_++;
-      }
-      // Send what we have
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // Now we know we're keeping this service, add its size
-    current_size += service_size;
-    // Successfully added this service, increment counter
-    this->send_service_++;
-  }
-
-  // Send the message with dynamically batched services
-  api_conn->send_message(resp);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, status);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, err);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), action,
-           type);
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(),
-           operation, handle, status);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->log_connection_warning_(operation, err);
-    return err;
-  }
-  return ESP_OK;
-}
-
-bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                                              esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
-  if (!BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(event, gattc_if, param))
-    return false;
-
-  switch (event) {
-    case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
-      // Don't reset connection yet - wait for CLOSE_EVT to ensure controller has freed resources
-      // This prevents race condition where we mark slot as free before controller cleanup is complete
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
-               param->disconnect.reason);
-      // Send disconnection notification but don't free the slot yet
-      this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, param->disconnect.reason);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT: {
-      if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
-        this->reset_connection_(param->open.status);
-      } else if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_);
-        this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
-      }
-      this->seen_mtu_or_services_ = false;
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_CFG_MTU_EVT:
-    case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
-      if (!this->seen_mtu_or_services_) {
-        // We don't know if we will get the MTU or the services first, so
-        // only send the device connection true if we have already received
-        // the services.
-        this->seen_mtu_or_services_ = true;
-        break;
-      }
-      this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_);
-      this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT:
-    case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT: {
-      if (param->read.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("reading char/descriptor", param->read.handle, param->read.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->read.handle, param->read.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->read.handle;
-      resp.set_data(param->read.value, param->read.value_len);
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
-    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT: {
-      if (param->write.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("writing char/descriptor", param->write.handle, param->write.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->write.handle, param->write.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->write.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      if (param->unreg_for_notify.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("unregistering notifications", param->unreg_for_notify.handle,
-                                        param->unreg_for_notify.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->unreg_for_notify.handle, param->unreg_for_notify.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->unreg_for_notify.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      if (param->reg_for_notify.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        this->log_gatt_operation_error_("registering notifications", param->reg_for_notify.handle,
-                                        param->reg_for_notify.status);
-        this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->reg_for_notify.handle, param->reg_for_notify.status);
-        break;
-      }
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->reg_for_notify.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
-               param->notify.handle);
-      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
-      if (api_connection == nullptr)
-        break;
-      api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
-      resp.address = this->address_;
-      resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
-      resp.set_data(param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
-      api_connection->send_message(resp);
-      break;
-    }
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BluetoothConnection::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
-  BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(event, param);
-
-  switch (event) {
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT:
-      if (memcmp(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr, this->remote_bda_, 6) != 0)
-        break;
-      if (param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
-        this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, true);
-      } else {
-        this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, false, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "characteristic");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
-                                                    bool response) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "characteristic");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
-  // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
-  // const_cast is safe here and was previously hidden by a C-style cast
-  esp_err_t err =
-      esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, length, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
-                               response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_write_char", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "descriptor");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "descriptor");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
-
-  // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
-  // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
-  // const_cast is safe here and was previously hidden by a C-style cast
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(
-      this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, length, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
-      response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr", err);
-}
-
-esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
-  if (!this->connected()) {
-    this->log_gatt_not_connected_("notify", "characteristic");
-    return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-  }
-
-  if (enable) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Registering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_, handle);
-    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
-    return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Unregistering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_, handle);
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
-  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify", err);
-}
-
-esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothConnection::get_advertisement_parser_type() {
-  return this->proxy_->get_advertisement_parser_type();
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e5600f6af4..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
-
-class BluetoothProxy;
-
-class BluetoothConnection final : public esp32_ble_client::BLEClientBase {
- public:
-  void dump_config() override;
-  void loop() override;
-  bool gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override;
-  void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) override;
-  esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() override;
-
-  esp_err_t read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
-  esp_err_t write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
-  esp_err_t read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
-  esp_err_t write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool response);
-
-  esp_err_t notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
-
-  esp_err_t update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
-    return this->update_conn_params_(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout, "custom");
-  }
-
-  void set_address(uint64_t address) override;
-
- protected:
-  friend class BluetoothProxy;
-
-  void on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) override;
-
-  bool supports_efficient_uuids_() const;
-  void send_service_for_discovery_();
-  void reset_connection_(esp_err_t reason);
-  void update_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value);
-  void log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status);
-  void log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
-  void log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type);
-  void log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status);
-  esp_err_t check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
-
-  // Memory optimized layout for 32-bit systems
-  // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
-  BluetoothProxy *proxy_;
-
-  // Group 2: 2-byte types
-  int16_t send_service_{-3};  // -3 = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES, -2 = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES, >=0 = service index
-
-  // Group 3: 1-byte types
-  bool seen_mtu_or_services_{false};
-  // 1 byte used, 1 byte padding
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
index ca30aab943..878d3cd44e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 #include "bluetooth_proxy.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/macros.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_proxy";
@@ -23,41 +25,116 @@ static_assert(sizeof(((api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement *) nullptr)->data) == 62
 
 BluetoothProxy::BluetoothProxy() { global_bluetooth_proxy = this; }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::setup() {
-  this->connections_free_response_.limit = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
-  this->connections_free_response_.free = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
+// The neutral enum's values are the wire values.
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::IDLE) == api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_IDLE);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::STARTING) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STARTING);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::RUNNING) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_RUNNING);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::FAILED) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_FAILED);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::STOPPING) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STOPPING);
+static_assert(static_cast<uint32_t>(ble_device_base::ScannerState::STOPPED) ==
+              api::enums::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_STATE_STOPPED);
 
-  // Capture the configured scan mode from YAML before any API changes
-  this->configured_scan_active_ = this->parent_->get_scan_active();
-
-  this->parent_->add_scanner_state_listener(this);
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::on_scanner_state(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-    this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(state);
-  }
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing owed
   api::BluetoothScannerStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = static_cast<api::enums::BluetoothScannerState>(state);
-  resp.mode = this->parent_->get_scan_active() ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
-                                               : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
+  resp.mode = this->hub_->scan_active() ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
+                                        : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
   resp.configured_mode = this->configured_scan_active_
                              ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
                              : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state) {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+void BluetoothProxy::send_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state) {
+  // False only on a refused frame, so the latch arms only when a retry is owed.
+  this->scanner_state_pending_ = !this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(state);
+}
+#else
+void BluetoothProxy::send_polled_scanner_state_() {
+  // One read feeds both the frame and the change detector; the detector only
+  // advances if the frame was accepted, so a dropped send (WOULD_BLOCK on a
+  // full TX buffer) is retried from loop() instead of leaving a stale state.
+  const bool running = this->hub_->scan_running();
+  if (this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(running ? ble_device_base::ScannerState::RUNNING
+                                                  : ble_device_base::ScannerState::IDLE)) {
+    this->last_scan_running_ = running;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+
+void BluetoothProxy::setup() {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  this->connections_free_response_.limit = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
+  this->connections_free_response_.free = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
+#endif
+
+  // Capture the configured scan mode from YAML before any API changes
+  this->configured_scan_active_ = this->hub_->scan_active();
+
+  this->hub_->set_raw_advertisement_callback({this, [](void *self, const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &adv) {
+                                                static_cast<BluetoothProxy *>(self)->on_raw_advertisement_(adv);
+                                              }});
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // Only push hubs compile the slot; elsewhere loop() polls scan_running().
+  this->hub_->set_scanner_state_callback({this, [](void *self, ble_device_base::ScannerState state) {
+                                            static_cast<BluetoothProxy *>(self)->send_scanner_state_(state);
+                                          }});
+#endif
+}
+
+// The hub delivers raw advertisements on the ESPHome main loop.
+void BluetoothProxy::on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &raw) {
+  if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  auto &adv = this->response_.advertisements[this->response_.advertisements_len];
+  adv.address = raw.address;
+  adv.rssi = raw.rssi;
+  adv.address_type = raw.addr_type;
+  uint8_t length = raw.data_len > sizeof(adv.data) ? sizeof(adv.data) : static_cast<uint8_t>(raw.data_len);
+  adv.data_len = length;
+  std::memcpy(adv.data, raw.data, length);
+
+  this->response_.advertisements_len++;
+
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Queuing raw packet from %012" PRIX64 ", length %d. RSSI: %d dB", raw.address, length, raw.rssi);
+
+  // Flush if we have reached BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE
+  if (this->response_.advertisements_len >= BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE) {
+    this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, ClientState state) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request ignored, state: %s", connection->get_connection_index(),
-           connection->address_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(state));
+           connection->address_str(), ble_device_base::client_state_to_string(state));
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_info_(BluetoothConnection *connection, const char *message) {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connecting %s", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str(), message);
 }
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+void BluetoothProxy::log_reply_dropped_(const char *what, uint64_t address) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s reply for %012" PRIX64 " dropped, TCP buffer full", what, address);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::log_reply_deferred_(const char *what, uint64_t address) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s reply for %012" PRIX64 " deferred, TCP buffer full", what, address);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::log_reply_displaced_(const char *what, uint64_t owed, uint64_t address) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s reply for %012" PRIX64 " dropped, displaced by %012" PRIX64, what, owed, address);
+}
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *type) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected", action, type);
@@ -66,104 +143,176 @@ void BluetoothProxy::log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *typ
 void BluetoothProxy::handle_gatt_not_connected_(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, const char *action,
                                                 const char *type) {
   this->log_not_connected_gatt_(action, type);
-  this->send_gatt_error(address, handle, ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
-}
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-bool BluetoothProxy::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
-  // This method should never be called since bluetooth_proxy always uses raw advertisements
-  // but we need to provide an implementation to satisfy the virtual method requirement
-  return false;
+  if (!this->send_gatt_error(address, handle, GATT_NOT_CONNECTED)) {
+    // No connection, so nothing to latch against; the client's timeout arbitrates.
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Not-connected", address);
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
-bool BluetoothProxy::parse_devices(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult *scan_results, size_t count) {
-  if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return false;
-
-  auto &advertisements = this->response_.advertisements;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    auto &result = scan_results[i];
-    uint8_t length = result.adv_data_len + result.scan_rsp_len;
-
-    // Fill in the data directly at current position
-    auto &adv = advertisements[this->response_.advertisements_len];
-    adv.address = esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(result.bda);
-    adv.rssi = result.rssi;
-    adv.address_type = result.ble_addr_type;
-    adv.data_len = length;
-    std::memcpy(adv.data, result.ble_adv, length);
-
-    this->response_.advertisements_len++;
-
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Queuing raw packet from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X, length %d. RSSI: %d dB", result.bda[0],
-             result.bda[1], result.bda[2], result.bda[3], result.bda[4], result.bda[5], length, result.rssi);
-
-    // Flush if we have reached BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE
-    if (this->response_.advertisements_len >= BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE) {
-      this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
-    }
+void BluetoothProxy::log_advertisement_flush_(bool sent) {
+  if (sent) {
+    // VV: one line per flush drowns a verbose log in any busy environment.
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sent batch of %u BLE advertisements", this->response_.advertisements_len);
+  } else {
+    // The rare congestion signal stays at V.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Batch of %u BLE advertisements dropped, TCP buffer full", this->response_.advertisements_len);
   }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::log_advertisement_flush_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sent batch of %u BLE advertisements", this->response_.advertisements_len);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::dump_config() {
+  // Print configured facts. dump_config runs right after setup, before the
+  // radio is up, so live scan state would always read "stopped" here — the
+  // loop's BluetoothScannerStateResponse carries the changing value instead.
+  char mac_str[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  this->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(mac_str);
+  const char *mac_out = mac_str[0] != '\0' ? mac_str : "unavailable (adapter not up yet)";
+  const char *scan_mode = this->configured_scan_active_ ? "active" : "passive";
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Bluetooth Proxy:\n"
                 "  Active: %s\n"
-                "  Connections: %d",
-                YESNO(this->active_), this->connection_count_);
+                "  Connections: %d\n"
+                "  Configured scan: %s\n"
+                "  Adapter MAC: %s",
+                YESNO(this->active_), this->connection_count_, scan_mode, mac_out);
+#else
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Bluetooth Proxy:\n"
+                "  Mode: advertisement-only (no GATT connections)\n"
+                "  Configured scan: %s\n"
+                "  Adapter MAC: %s",
+                scan_mode, mac_out);
+#endif
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
-  // Run advertisement flush / connection cleanup every 100ms
-  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (now - this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ < 100)
-    return;
-  this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ = now;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 
-  if (api::global_api_server->is_connected() && this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-    this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+void BluetoothProxy::register_connection(BluetoothConnection *connection) {
+  if (this->connection_count_ >= BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
+    // Cannot happen with codegen-sized registration; a silent drop would
+    // surface later as a null proxy_ dereference, so refuse loudly.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Connection registry full, dropping registration");
     return;
   }
+  // The hub wrapper has no Component lifecycle, so the index is assigned here.
+  connection->connection_index_ = this->connection_count_;
+  this->connections_[this->connection_count_++] = connection;
+  connection->proxy_ = this;
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::log_slot_accounting_mismatch_() { ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection slot free-count mismatch, clamped"); }
+
+void BluetoothProxy::replace_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value) {
+  for (auto &slot : this->connections_free_response_.allocated) {
+    if (slot == find_value) {
+      slot = set_value;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // The accounting arrays are only mutated here and sized to the slot count,
+  // so a miss means the bookkeeping already drifted — say so.
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection slot accounting mismatch (find 0x%llx)", (unsigned long long) find_value);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::latch_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error) {
+  // Match before free entry so one address never occupies two pool slots.
+  PendingReply *free_entry = nullptr;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
-    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
-    if (connection->get_address() != 0 && !connection->disconnect_pending()) {
-      connection->disconnect();
+    auto &owed = this->pending_disconnections_[i];
+    if (owed.matches(address)) {
+      owed.set(address, error);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (free_entry == nullptr && owed.empty()) {
+      free_entry = &owed;
+    }
+  }
+  if (free_entry != nullptr) {
+    this->log_reply_deferred_("Disconnect", address);
+    free_entry->set(address, error);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Every entry is owed: evict the first so the newest loss is not silent too.
+  this->log_reply_displaced_("Disconnect", this->pending_disconnections_[0].address(), address);
+  this->pending_disconnections_[0].set(address, error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::clear_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address) {
+  // A reconnect supersedes the owed disconnect; a late resend would shadow
+  // the new connection.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->pending_disconnections_[i].matches(address)) {
+      this->pending_disconnections_[i].clear();
+      return;  // latch_pending_disconnection_ keeps at most one entry per address
     }
   }
 }
 
-esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothProxy::get_advertisement_parser_type() {
-  return esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType::RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS;
+void BluetoothProxy::answer_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address) {
+  if (this->send_device_connection(address, false)) {
+    // A landed answer satisfies any owed notification for the address; a
+    // drained duplicate would follow it otherwise.
+    this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Not latched: the client's own request timeout arbitrates, and pooling
+  // these would let a request retry loop displace an unsolicited disconnect.
+  this->log_reply_dropped_("Disconnect", address);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (this->send_device_connection(address, false, 0, error)) {
+    // A later disconnect landing for an address that still has one owed would
+    // otherwise have the drain repeat it.
+    this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+    return;
+  }
+  // A dropped disconnect leaves the client believing the link is live, so
+  // every GATT operation on it times out until something else corrects it.
+  // latch_pending_disconnection_() reports the leading edge.
+  this->latch_pending_disconnection_(address, error);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::reset_connection_slot_(BluetoothConnection *connection, conn_err_t reason) {
+  // The client has no other way to learn of an unsolicited disconnect.
+  this->send_device_disconnected_(connection->get_address(), reason);
+  connection->set_address(0);
+  connection->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
+  this->send_connections_free();
 }
 
 BluetoothConnection *BluetoothProxy::get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool reserve) {
+  // Finish the scan before reserving: a free slot earlier in the array must
+  // not win over a later slot that already holds the address, or one device
+  // ends up on two slots with a second connection attempt racing the first.
+  BluetoothConnection *free_slot = nullptr;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
     auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
     uint64_t conn_addr = connection->get_address();
 
-    if (conn_addr == address)
-      return connection;
-
-    if (reserve && conn_addr == 0) {
-      connection->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
-      connection->set_address(address);
-      // All connections must start at INIT
-      // We only set the state if we allocate the connection
-      // to avoid a race where multiple connection attempts
-      // are made.
-      connection->set_state(espbt::ClientState::INIT);
+    if (conn_addr == address) {
+      // A connect request supersedes an owed disconnect.
+      if (reserve) {
+        this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+      }
       return connection;
     }
+
+    if (free_slot == nullptr && conn_addr == 0)
+      free_slot = connection;
   }
-  return nullptr;
+  if (!reserve || free_slot == nullptr)
+    return nullptr;
+  this->clear_pending_disconnection_(address);
+  free_slot->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
+  free_slot->set_address(address);
+  // All connections must start at INIT
+  // We only set the state if we allocate the connection
+  // to avoid a race where multiple connection attempts
+  // are made.
+  free_slot->set_state(ClientState::INIT);
+  return free_slot;
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
@@ -173,99 +322,97 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, true);
       if (connection == nullptr) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No free connections available");
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         return;
       }
       if (!msg.has_address_type) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Missing address type in connect request", connection->get_connection_index(),
                  connection->address_str());
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         return;
       }
-      if (connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED ||
-          connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
+      if (connection->state() == ClientState::CONNECTED || connection->state() == ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
         this->log_connection_request_ignored_(connection, connection->state());
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, true);
+        connection->send_connected_reply_();
         this->send_connections_free();
         return;
-      } else if (connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING) {
-        if (connection->disconnect_pending()) {
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request while pending disconnect, cancelling pending disconnect",
-                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
-          connection->cancel_pending_disconnect();
-          return;
-        }
-        this->log_connection_request_ignored_(connection, connection->state());
+      } else if (connection->state() == ClientState::DISCONNECTING && connection->cancel_teardown()) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request while pending disconnect, cancelling pending disconnect",
+                 connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
         return;
-      } else if (connection->state() != espbt::ClientState::INIT) {
+      } else if (connection->state() != ClientState::INIT) {
+        // Covers CONNECTING too: a repeat request during a connect attempt is
+        // ignored the same way.
         this->log_connection_request_ignored_(connection, connection->state());
         return;
       }
       if (msg.request_type == api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        connection->set_connection_type(espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE);
+        connection->set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE);
         this->log_connection_info_(connection, "v3 with cache");
       } else {  // BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT_V3_WITHOUT_CACHE
-        connection->set_connection_type(espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE);
+        connection->set_connection_type(ble_device_base::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE);
         this->log_connection_info_(connection, "v3 without cache");
       }
-      connection->set_remote_addr_type(static_cast<esp_ble_addr_type_t>(msg.address_type));
-      connection->set_state(espbt::ClientState::DISCOVERED);
+      connection->initiate_connection(static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.address_type));
       this->send_connections_free();
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_DISCONNECT: {
       auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
       if (connection == nullptr) {
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         this->send_connections_free();
         return;
       }
-      if (connection->state() != espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
+      if (connection->state() != ClientState::IDLE) {
         connection->disconnect();
       } else {
         connection->set_address(0);
-        this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+        this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
         this->send_connections_free();
       }
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_PAIR: {
+      // The connection wrapper exposes the pairing surface; success is
+      // reported when the platform's pairing completion arrives.
       auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
       if (connection != nullptr) {
         if (!connection->is_paired()) {
           auto err = connection->pair();
-          if (err != ESP_OK) {
+          if (err != CONN_OK) {
             this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, false, err);
           }
         } else {
           this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, true);
         }
+      } else {
+        // Answer instead of leaving the client to time out.
+        this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, false, GATT_NOT_CONNECTED);
       }
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_UNPAIR: {
-      esp_bd_addr_t address;
-      uint64_to_bd_addr(msg.address, address);
-      esp_err_t ret = esp_ble_remove_bond_device(address);
-      this->send_device_pairing(msg.address, ret == ESP_OK, ret);
+      conn_err_t ret = bluetooth_connection::unpair_device(msg.address);
+      if (ret == CONN_OK) {
+        // The bond is gone; a live connection must not short-circuit the
+        // next PAIR as already paired.
+        auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
+        if (connection != nullptr) {
+          connection->set_unpaired();
+        }
+      }
+      this->send_device_unpairing(msg.address, ret == CONN_OK, ret);
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CLEAR_CACHE: {
-      esp_bd_addr_t address;
-      uint64_to_bd_addr(msg.address, address);
-      esp_err_t ret = esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(address);
-      api::BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse call;
-      call.address = msg.address;
-      call.success = ret == ESP_OK;
-      call.error = ret;
-
-      this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
-
+      conn_err_t ret = bluetooth_connection::clear_gatt_cache(msg.address);
+      this->send_device_clear_cache(msg.address, ret == CONN_OK, ret);
       break;
     }
     case api::enums::BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT: {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "V1 connections removed");
-      this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
+      this->answer_device_disconnected_(msg.address);
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -279,8 +426,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_read(const api::BluetoothGATTReadRequest &ms
   }
 
   auto err = connection->read_characteristic(msg.handle);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -292,8 +439,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_write(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &
   }
 
   auto err = connection->write_characteristic(msg.handle, msg.data, msg.data_len, msg.response);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -305,8 +452,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTRead
   }
 
   auto err = connection->read_descriptor(msg.handle);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -318,8 +465,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTWri
   }
 
   auto err = connection->write_descriptor(msg.handle, msg.data, msg.data_len, true);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
@@ -329,9 +476,32 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetSer
     this->handle_gatt_not_connected_(msg.address, 0, "get", "services");
     return;
   }
-  if (!connection->service_count_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->connection_index_, connection->address_str());
-    this->send_gatt_services_done(msg.address);
+  if (!connection->has_gatt_services()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
+    // Through the retrying sender: a drop must not leave discovery hanging.
+    // Re-entry does not depend on the cursor - this branch is gated on
+    // has_gatt_services() alone, so no restore is needed.
+    connection->send_services_done_();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connection->send_service_ > 0) {
+    // A request mid-stream restarts from the top so the requester always
+    // gets the full list. No duplicate risk: the client accumulates batches
+    // per request, and a same-session re-request only happens after the
+    // previous request timed out and discarded its partial list.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GetServices mid-stream, restarting", connection->get_connection_index(),
+             connection->address_str());
+    connection->send_service_ = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (connection->send_service_ == SERVICES_DONE_PENDING) {
+    // A new request supersedes an owed done: the client accumulates batches
+    // per request, so its fresh, empty accumulator plus a bare done would
+    // cache as an empty database. The table is freed; the client's timeout
+    // arbitrates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] GetServices superseded an undelivered done; client timeout will retry",
+             connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
+    connection->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
     return;
   }
   if (connection->send_service_ == INIT_SENDING_SERVICES)  // Start sending services if not started yet
@@ -346,14 +516,16 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest
   }
 
   auto err = connection->notify_characteristic(msg.handle, msg.enable);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    this->send_gatt_error(msg.address, msg.handle, err);
+  if (err != CONN_OK) {
+    connection->send_gatt_error_(msg.handle, err);
   }
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
+  // Not latched (esp32 parity): the request is idempotent, so a drop resolves
+  // via the client timeout and a retry gives the same answer. Still reported.
 
   auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
   api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse resp;
@@ -361,10 +533,12 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConn
 
   if (connection == nullptr || !connection->connected()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot set connection params, not connected",
-             connection ? static_cast<int>(connection->connection_index_) : -1,
+             connection ? static_cast<int>(connection->get_connection_index()) : -1,
              connection ? connection->address_str() : "unknown");
-    resp.error = ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+    resp.error = GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+    if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(resp)) {
+      this->log_reply_dropped_("Connection-params", msg.address);
+    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -375,18 +549,207 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConn
                                                     static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.max_interval, max_val)),
                                                     static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.latency, max_val)),
                                                     static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.timeout, max_val)));
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+  if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(resp)) {
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Connection-params", msg.address);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
+  // esp32 only: BLEHub is the concrete tracker here, so these calls reach
+  // tracker-native methods beyond the neutral contract.
+  if (this->hub_->get_scan_active() == active) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting scanner mode to %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  this->hub_->set_scan_active(active);
+  this->hub_->stop_scan();
+  this->hub_->set_scan_continuous(
+      true);  // Set this to true to automatically start scanning again when it has cleaned up.
+}
+
+#else  // !USE_ESP32
+
+void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
+  if (this->hub_->scan_active() != active) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting scanner mode to %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+    if (!this->hub_->request_scan_mode(active)) {
+      // Passive-only controller asked for active scanning; the state report
+      // below carries the real, unchanged mode so the subscriber does not
+      // assume the change happened.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Scanner mode %s not supported by this tracker", active ? "active" : "passive");
+    }
+  }
+#ifndef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+    // Reports the mode change; the sender also refreshes last_scan_running_, so
+    // a failed restart (scan_running_ dropped by the tracker) is not reported
+    // again by loop() on the next tick. A push hub reports the restart's
+    // transitions (mode rides along) instead.
+    this->send_polled_scanner_state_();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
+
+void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // Stream pending service-discovery batches every iteration; the streamer
+  // handles a vanished API connection itself.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    this->connections_[i]->process_pending_services();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Run advertisement flush / scanner-state poll every 100ms
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (now - this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ < 100)
+    return;
+  this->last_advertisement_flush_time_ = now;
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  if (this->connections_free_pending_ && this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+    // Resend a dropped slot-state update, paced by the 100 ms gate so the
+    // retry does not hammer the congestion it exists to survive. Every build
+    // sends this at subscribe time (api_connection.cpp), so the drain
+    // compiles on every proxy build.
+    this->connections_free_pending_ = false;
+    this->send_connections_free(this->api_connection_);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr) {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+    // The API subscriber is gone: tear down any connections it left behind
+    // (disconnect() on an already-disconnecting slot is a no-op).
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+      auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
+      if (connection->get_address() != 0) {
+        connection->disconnect();
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // Paced retries of owed per-slot notifications; subscriber swaps clear
+  // stale latches before this runs.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    this->connections_[i]->flush_owed_replies_();
+  }
+  // Address-keyed, not slot-keyed, so it gets its own loop; bounded by
+  // connection_count_ like the latch and clear helpers. Not pre-cleared:
+  // the sender clears on success and re-latches on refusal, keeping the
+  // latch's leading-edge warn honest (same shape as the unpair drain).
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    auto &owed = this->pending_disconnections_[i];
+    if (owed.empty())
+      continue;
+    this->send_device_disconnected_(owed.address(), owed.error());
+  }
+
+  // An owed unpair reply. Not pre-cleared: the sender clears on success and
+  // re-latches on refusal, keeping its leading-edge warn guard honest.
+  if (!this->pending_unpairing_.empty()) {
+    conn_err_t error = this->pending_unpairing_.error();
+    this->send_device_unpairing(this->pending_unpairing_.address(), error == CONN_OK, error);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // Resend a dropped scanner-state push (see scanner_state_pending_).
+  if (this->scanner_state_pending_) {
+    this->send_scanner_state_(this->hub_->get_scanner_state());
+  }
+#else
+  // This hub doesn't push scanner-state transitions; poll and report on
+  // change. A hub gaining push emits the define and drops this poll.
+  if (this->hub_->scan_running() != this->last_scan_running_) {
+    this->send_polled_scanner_state_();
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  // Wi-Fi (or a coexistence build that can fall back to it): every other
+  // non-empty 100 ms tick (~200 ms) gives partial batches time to fill
+  // toward BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE, so the air gets fewer,
+  // fuller frames. Full batches still ship immediately from the queueing
+  // path, and the owed-reply drains above keep the 100 ms cadence.
+  if (this->response_.advertisements_len != 0) {
+    if (this->adv_flush_toggle_) {
+      this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+    }
+    this->adv_flush_toggle_ = !this->adv_flush_toggle_;
+  } else {
+    // Nothing pending (idle, or a full batch just shipped inline): arm so
+    // the next batch ships on the next tick.
+    this->adv_flush_toggle_ = true;
+  }
+#else
+  // No Wi-Fi in the build (ethernet): no airtime worth trading latency for,
+  // so partial batches flush every tick.
+  this->flush_pending_advertisements_();
+#endif
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::reset_owed_replies_() {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  this->connections_free_pending_ = false;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // Owed on unsubscribe; on subscribe the trailing send_scanner_state_()
+  // re-drives it from the hub, so clearing it there is free.
+  this->scanner_state_pending_ = false;
+#else
+  // Force a poll-arm mismatch: a frame refused at subscribe time could
+  // otherwise match the stale detector and never be retried. Inert on
+  // unsubscribe: loop() returns at the no-subscriber gate before the
+  // detector runs, and a re-subscribe re-arms this anyway.
+  this->last_scan_running_ = !this->hub_->scan_running();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  this->pending_unpairing_.clear();
+  this->pending_disconnections_.fill({});
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    // Neither a partial stream's tail nor an owed done belongs to the next
+    // session; silence (the client's timeout) arbitrates.
+    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
+    connection->park_service_stream_();
+    connection->clear_owed_flags_();
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t flags) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
-    return;
+  if (api_connection != this->api_connection_) {
+    if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+      // A previous subscriber still holds the slot. This is almost always a
+      // stale connection from a client that dropped without a clean disconnect
+      // and has not yet hit the keepalive timeout; rejecting the new
+      // subscriber would silently starve it of advertisements until it
+      // reconnects, so the newest subscriber wins instead.
+      char old_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+      char new_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Subscription from %s (%s) replaces %s (%s)", api_connection->get_name(),
+               api_connection->get_peername_to(new_peername), this->api_connection_->get_name(),
+               this->api_connection_->get_peername_to(old_peername));
+    }
+    // Stale retry latches belong to the previous subscriber's session; a
+    // re-subscribe by the current one keeps what it is still owed.
+    this->reset_owed_replies_();
   }
   this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
-  this->parent_->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
-
-  this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(this->parent_->get_scanner_state());
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // get_scanner_state() is part of the push-hub surface (see BLEHubContract).
+  this->send_scanner_state_(this->hub_->get_scanner_state());
+#else
+  this->send_polled_scanner_state_();
+#endif
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection) {
@@ -395,19 +758,10 @@ void BluetoothProxy::unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connecti
     return;
   }
   this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
-  this->parent_->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
+  this->reset_owed_replies_();
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu, esp_err_t error) {
-  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
-  api::BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse call;
-  call.address = address;
-  call.connected = connected;
-  call.mtu = mtu;
-  call.error = error;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
-}
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
   if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
     this->send_connections_free(this->api_connection_);
@@ -415,28 +769,45 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free(api::APIConnection *api_connection) {
-  api_connection->send_message(this->connections_free_response_);
+  // Latch only for the current subscriber: loop() resends to api_connection_.
+  if (!api_connection->send_message(this->connections_free_response_) && api_connection == this->api_connection_) {
+    // V like the api layer's own buffer-full log: a D would ride the same
+    // full connection.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Connections-free update deferred, TCP buffer full");
+    this->connections_free_pending_ = true;
+  }
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address) {
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing owed
+  api::BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse call;
+  call.address = address;
+  call.connected = connected;
+  call.mtu = mtu;
+  call.error = error;
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+}
+
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing is owed, only a refused frame reports false
   api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse call;
   call.address = address;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, esp_err_t error) {
+bool BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
-    return;
+    return true;  // Nobody subscribed: nothing is owed, only a refused frame reports false
   api::BluetoothGATTErrorResponse call;
   call.address = address;
   call.handle = handle;
   call.error = error;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  return this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_t error) {
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
   api::BluetoothDevicePairingResponse call;
@@ -444,33 +815,63 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_
   call.paired = paired;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
+  if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(call)) {
+    // Not latched: a retried PAIR is answered from is_paired(), so the client
+    // recovers on its own. Still worth saying it happened.
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Pairing", address);
+  }
 }
 
-void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, esp_err_t error) {
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error) {
   if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
     return;
+  // An owed success is the authoritative answer: a later attempt for the
+  // same address fails only because the first already removed the bond.
+  if (!this->pending_unpairing_.empty() && this->pending_unpairing_.matches(address) &&
+      this->pending_unpairing_.error() == CONN_OK) {
+    success = true;
+    error = CONN_OK;
+  }
   api::BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse call;
   call.address = address;
   call.success = success;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
-}
-
-void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
-  if (this->parent_->get_scan_active() == active) {
+  if (this->api_connection_->send_message(call)) {
+    // A later unpair landing for an address that still has one owed would
+    // otherwise have the drain repeat it.
+    if (this->pending_unpairing_.matches(address)) {
+      this->pending_unpairing_.clear();
+    }
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting scanner mode to %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
-  this->parent_->set_scan_active(active);
-  this->parent_->stop_scan();
-  this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(
-      true);  // Set this to true to automatically start scanning again when it has cleaned up.
+  if (this->pending_unpairing_.empty()) {
+    this->log_reply_deferred_("Unpair", address);
+  } else if (!this->pending_unpairing_.matches(address)) {
+    this->log_reply_displaced_("Unpair", this->pending_unpairing_.address(), address);
+  }
+  this->pending_unpairing_.set(address, error);
 }
 
+// GATT arm only: the advertisement-only arm no longer dispatches CLEAR_CACHE,
+// so its response encoder would be dead weight there.
+void BluetoothProxy::send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  api::BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse call;
+  call.address = address;
+  call.success = success;
+  call.error = error;
+
+  if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(call)) {
+    // Not latched: clear-cache is idempotent, so a retry gives the same answer.
+    this->log_reply_dropped_("Clear-cache", address);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+
 BluetoothProxy *global_bluetooth_proxy = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
 
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
index 2b6d29da43..e233c38b56 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
@@ -1,33 +1,38 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 
 #include <array>
-#include <map>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_connection.h"
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
-#include <esp_bt.h>
-#endif
-#include <esp_bt_device.h>
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
 
 namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
 
-static constexpr esp_err_t ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = -1;
-static constexpr int DONE_SENDING_SERVICES = -2;
-static constexpr int INIT_SENDING_SERVICES = -3;
+// The connection-domain types live in the bluetooth_connection component;
+// re-exported here so the proxy code reads unqualified.
+using bluetooth_connection::CONN_OK;
+using bluetooth_connection::conn_err_t;
+using bluetooth_connection::GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+using bluetooth_connection::DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
+using bluetooth_connection::INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
+using bluetooth_connection::SERVICES_DONE_PENDING;
 
-using namespace esp32_ble_client;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+using BluetoothConnection = bluetooth_connection::BluetoothConnection;
+using ClientState = ble_device_base::ClientState;
+#endif
 
 // Legacy versions:
 // Version 1: Initial version without active connections
@@ -36,6 +41,8 @@ using namespace esp32_ble_client;
 // Version 4: Pairing support
 // Version 5: Cache clear support
 static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION = 5;
+static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_CACHE_CLEAR_VERSION = 4;
+static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_PAIRING_VERSION = 3;
 static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION = 1;
 
 enum BluetoothProxyFeature : uint32_t {
@@ -53,32 +60,67 @@ enum BluetoothProxySubscriptionFlag : uint32_t {
   SUBSCRIPTION_RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS = 1 << 0,
 };
 
-class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
-                             public esp32_ble_tracker::BLEScannerStateListener,
-                             public Component {
-  friend class BluetoothConnection;  // Allow connection to update connections_free_response_
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+/// One owed address-keyed reply in a single word: 48-bit address low, 16-bit
+/// error on top. Every error that reaches it fits int16_t.
+class PendingReply {
+ public:
+  constexpr void set(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error) {
+    // Mask: the address originates from the client, and a stray high bit
+    // must not corrupt the reason.
+    this->word_ = (address & ADDRESS_MASK) | (static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(error)) << 48);
+  }
+  constexpr void clear() { this->word_ = 0; }
+  // Whole-word test: only (address 0, error 0) reads back as nothing owed.
+  // A zero-address failure still latches, which is correct - that reply is
+  // owed too. Neither backend can unpair address 0 successfully.
+  constexpr bool empty() const { return this->word_ == 0; }
+  // Masked like set(), so a stray high bit cannot defeat the pool lookups.
+  constexpr bool matches(uint64_t address) const { return this->address() == (address & ADDRESS_MASK); }
+  constexpr uint64_t address() const { return this->word_ & ADDRESS_MASK; }
+  constexpr conn_err_t error() const { return static_cast<int16_t>(this->word_ >> 48); }
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr uint64_t ADDRESS_MASK = 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+  uint64_t word_{0};
+};
+// Pin the packing at compile time: mask and sign round-trip for every
+// reachable shape (negative, GATT status, ESP_ERR_* range, stray high bit).
+constexpr bool pending_reply_round_trips(uint64_t address, uint64_t expected_address, conn_err_t error) {
+  PendingReply p;
+  p.set(address, error);
+  return p.address() == expected_address && p.error() == error && !p.empty() && p.matches(address);
+}
+static_assert(pending_reply_round_trips(0x0000112233445566ULL, 0x0000112233445566ULL, -1));
+static_assert(pending_reply_round_trips(0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x8F));
+static_assert(pending_reply_round_trips(0xABCD112233445566ULL, 0x0000112233445566ULL, 0x110));
+static_assert(PendingReply{}.empty());
+#endif
+
+class BluetoothProxy final : public Component {
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // Allow the connection to update connections_free_response_
+  friend bluetooth_connection::BluetoothConnection;
+#endif
  public:
   BluetoothProxy();
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
-#endif
-  bool parse_devices(const esp32_ble::BLEScanResult *scan_results, size_t count) override;
+  void set_ble_hub(ble_device_base::BLEHub *hub) { this->hub_ = hub; }
   void dump_config() override;
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
-  esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() override;
 
-  // maybe_unused: in a passive proxy (active: false) MAX is 0, the body below is removed, and connection is unused.
-  void register_connection([[maybe_unused]] BluetoothConnection *connection) {
-    // Guard the always-false comparison (-Wtype-limits) in a passive proxy (active: false), where MAX is 0.
-#if BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS > 0
-    if (this->connection_count_ < BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
-      this->connections_[this->connection_count_++] = connection;
-      connection->proxy_ = this;
-    }
-#endif
-  }
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  void register_connection(BluetoothConnection *connection);
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
+  // Run after the hub's setup() (the trackers use AFTER_WIFI): setup() below
+  // snapshots scan_active()/scan_running() and installs the raw callback, and
+  // the BLEHub contract does not promise those are settled any earlier than
+  // the hub's own setup().
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI - 1.0f; }
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   void bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_read(const api::BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_write(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg);
@@ -87,63 +129,92 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
   void bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg);
+#endif
 
   void subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t flags);
   void unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
+  /// Whether the subscribed API client understands 16/32-bit UUID fields.
+  bool client_supports_efficient_uuids() const {
+    return this->api_connection_ != nullptr && this->api_connection_->client_supports_api_version(1, 12);
+  }
 
-  void send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu = 0, esp_err_t error = ESP_OK);
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  /// False only when a subscriber refused the frame; true = delivered or
+  /// nobody subscribed. Refusals latch in send_device_disconnected_() and
+  /// send_connected_reply_(); other callers report via log_reply_dropped_().
+  bool send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, uint16_t mtu = 0, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
   void send_connections_free();
   void send_connections_free(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
-  void send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address);
-  void send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, esp_err_t error);
-  void send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_t error = ESP_OK);
-  void send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, esp_err_t error = ESP_OK);
-  void send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, esp_err_t error = ESP_OK);
+  /// Same convention as send_device_connection: false only on a refused frame.
+  bool send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address);
+  /// False only when the API refused the frame, so the reply is still owed.
+  bool send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, conn_err_t error);
+  void send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
+  /// No default error: the drain rebuilds success as (error == CONN_OK), so a
+  /// caller that omitted it would have a reported failure resent as a success.
+  void send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error);
+  void send_device_clear_cache(uint64_t address, bool success, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
+#endif
 
   void bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active);
 
-  static void uint64_to_bd_addr(uint64_t address, esp_bd_addr_t bd_addr) {
-    bd_addr[0] = (address >> 40) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[1] = (address >> 32) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[2] = (address >> 24) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[3] = (address >> 16) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[4] = (address >> 8) & 0xff;
-    bd_addr[5] = (address >> 0) & 0xff;
-  }
-
   void set_active(bool active) { this->active_ = active; }
   bool has_active() { return this->active_; }
 
-  /// BLEScannerStateListener interface
-  void on_scanner_state(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) override;
-
   uint32_t get_legacy_version() const {
-    if (this->active_) {
+    if (!this->active_) {
+      return LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION;
+    }
+    // Legacy clients (which predate the feature flags) map versions to
+    // capability sets: 5 adds cache clearing, 4 adds pairing, 3 is active
+    // connections only.
+    if (bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING) {
       return LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION;
     }
-    return LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION;
+    return bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_PAIRING ? LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_CACHE_CLEAR_VERSION
+                                                  : LEGACY_ACTIVE_NO_PAIRING_VERSION;
   }
 
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const {
     uint32_t flags = 0;
     flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_PASSIVE_SCAN;
     flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
     flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_STATE_AND_MODE;
+#else
+    // Advertise mode switching only where the hub honors request_scan_mode();
+    // scan_mode_switch is the capability bit for exactly that (#18079) —
+    // active_scan alone is not enough, a hub may support active scanning yet
+    // refuse the runtime switch.
+    if (ble_device_base::BLEHub::get_capabilities().scan_mode_switch) {
+      flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_STATE_AND_MODE;
+    }
+#endif
     if (this->active_) {
+      // REMOTE_CACHING is mandatory for active connections: API clients
+      // refuse to connect without it (it selects which V3 connect request
+      // they send, not device-side caching).
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS;
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_REMOTE_CACHING;
-      flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_PAIRING;
-      flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CACHE_CLEARING;
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CONNECTION_PARAMS_SETTING;
+      if (bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_PAIRING) {
+        flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_PAIRING;
+      }
+      if (bluetooth_connection::SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING) {
+        flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CACHE_CLEARING;
+      }
     }
 
     return flags;
   }
 
-  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(std::span<char, 18> output) {
-    const uint8_t *mac = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
-    if (mac != nullptr) {
+  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> output) {
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {};
+    this->hub_->get_adapter_mac(mac);
+    // Unavailable -> empty string: some hubs (rp2040's BTstack) only learn
+    // the address once the link layer is up, and report all-zero until then.
+    if (mac_address_is_valid(mac)) {
       format_mac_addr_upper(mac, output.data());
     } else {
       output[0] = '\0';
@@ -151,51 +222,149 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
   }
 
  protected:
-  void send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state);
+  bool send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state);
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  void send_scanner_state_(ble_device_base::ScannerState state);
+#else
+  void send_polled_scanner_state_();
+#endif
+  void on_raw_advertisement_(const ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement &raw);
 
   /// Caller must ensure api_connection_ is non-null and API server is connected.
   void flush_pending_advertisements_() {
     if (this->response_.advertisements_len == 0)
       return;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(this->response_);
+    // Perishable and the highest-frequency send here: a drop only reports at
+    // V, anything louder would be the flood the batch pacing exists to avoid.
+    [[maybe_unused]] bool sent = this->api_connection_->send_message(this->response_);
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    this->log_advertisement_flush_();
+    this->log_advertisement_flush_(sent);
 #endif
     this->response_.advertisements_len = 0;
   }
-  void log_advertisement_flush_();
+  void log_advertisement_flush_(bool sent);
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   BluetoothConnection *get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool reserve);
-  void log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state);
+  void log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, ClientState state);
   void log_connection_info_(BluetoothConnection *connection, const char *message);
   void log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *type);
   void handle_gatt_not_connected_(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, const char *action, const char *type);
 
+  /// Keep the pre-allocated connections-free message in step when a
+  /// connection slot changes address (0 = free). Called from the connection
+  /// classes' set_address().
+  void update_address_slot_(uint64_t old_address, uint64_t new_address) {
+    auto &resp = this->connections_free_response_;
+    if (new_address == 0 && old_address != 0) {
+      if (resp.free < BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
+        resp.free++;
+      } else {
+        this->log_slot_accounting_mismatch_();
+      }
+      this->replace_allocated_slot_(old_address, 0);
+    } else if (new_address != 0 && old_address == 0) {
+      if (resp.free > 0) {
+        resp.free--;
+      } else {
+        this->log_slot_accounting_mismatch_();
+      }
+      this->replace_allocated_slot_(0, new_address);
+    }
+  }
+  void replace_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value);
+  void log_slot_accounting_mismatch_();
+  /// Free a connection slot after teardown: notify the API client and reset
+  /// the streaming cursor. Important: does NOT send send_gatt_services_done()
+  /// when service streaming was interrupted -- the client (aioesphomeapi) has
+  /// a 30-second timeout (DEFAULT_BLE_TIMEOUT) to detect incomplete service
+  /// discovery and retry, rather than being told a partial list is complete.
+  void reset_connection_slot_(BluetoothConnection *connection, conn_err_t reason);
+  /// Drop any owed freed-slot notification for this address (client reconnected).
+  void clear_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address);
+  /// Send connected=false and pool it for the paced drain if refused. A
+  /// dropped disconnect desynchronises the proxy: the client keeps a link it
+  /// believes is live and every operation on it times out. Unsolicited and
+  /// drained notifications only; request answers use the variant below.
+  void send_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error = CONN_OK);
+  /// Answer a request with connected=false. Never pools: a refusal falls back
+  /// to the client's request timeout, keeping the pool for the unsolicited
+  /// notifications the client cannot recover on its own.
+  void answer_device_disconnected_(uint64_t address);
+  /// Pool a refused freed-slot notification for the paced drain.
+  void latch_pending_disconnection_(uint64_t address, conn_err_t error);
+#endif
+
+  /// Drop everything the ending session was owed. One list, so a new latch is
+  /// one edit rather than two call sites where an omission looks deliberate.
+  /// Drops state only, never sends: api_connection_ is the departing
+  /// subscriber on subscribe and nullptr on unsubscribe.
+  void reset_owed_replies_();
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  /// Report a reply we deliberately do not latch, so no drop is silent.
+  void log_reply_dropped_(const char *what, uint64_t address);
+  /// A latched reply's leading edge; the drain's re-refusals stay quiet.
+  void log_reply_deferred_(const char *what, uint64_t address);
+  /// A latched reply lost to a newer one for a different address.
+  void log_reply_displaced_(const char *what, uint64_t owed, uint64_t address);
+#endif
+
   // Memory optimized layout for 32-bit systems
   // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
   api::APIConnection *api_connection_{nullptr};
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   // Group 2: Fixed-size array of connection pointers
   std::array<BluetoothConnection *, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> connections_{};
+  // Address-keyed pool of owed freed-slot notifications; loop() resends.
+  // Proxy-only state, kept off BluetoothConnection; entries are not tied to
+  // slot indices.
+  std::array<PendingReply, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> pending_disconnections_{};
+  // Owed unpair reply. The bond is already gone when the send is refused, so
+  // a retry is told the unpair failed when it succeeded. One slot: a second
+  // refused unpair displaces the first, as happened to both before this.
+  PendingReply pending_unpairing_{};
+#endif
+  ble_device_base::BLEHub *hub_{nullptr};
+  // Group 3: 4-byte types; paired with hub_ so the 8-aligned messages below
+  // start on an even word, closing two alignment holes.
+  uint32_t last_advertisement_flush_time_{0};
 
   // BLE advertisement batching
   api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse response_;
 
-  // Group 3: 4-byte types
-  uint32_t last_advertisement_flush_time_{0};
-
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
   // Pre-allocated response message - always ready to send
   api::BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse connections_free_response_;
+#endif
 
   // Group 4: 1-byte types grouped together
   bool active_;
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+  // A dropped send (full TCP buffer) would leave the API client with a stale
+  // slot state forever; the cached response is current by construction, so
+  // retrying it from loop() is an idempotent resync.
+  bool connections_free_pending_{false};
   uint8_t connection_count_{0};
+#endif
   bool configured_scan_active_{false};  // Configured scan mode from YAML
-  // 3 bytes used, 1 byte padding
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  /// Wi-Fi only: flush on every other non-empty tick (~200 ms) so partial
+  /// batches fill; an idle tick re-arms, so the first batch after a gap
+  /// still ships on the next tick. See loop().
+  bool adv_flush_toggle_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  // A dropped push (full TX buffer) is re-queried from the hub and resent
+  // from loop(); the hub's current state is idempotent by construction.
+  bool scanner_state_pending_{false};
+#else
+  bool last_scan_running_{false};  // Last scanner state reported to the subscriber
+#endif
 };
 
 extern BluetoothProxy *global_bluetooth_proxy;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
 
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
diff --git a/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py b/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
index ba264f00bf..5ef162bb7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DURATION, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -35,7 +38,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -52,7 +60,12 @@ async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_DURATION], args, cg.uint32)
@@ -70,13 +83,18 @@ async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bm8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bm8563_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py
index c37191bc07..287946801e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_base/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py
index 1c37033613..536e8ec794 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bme280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BME280I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py
index 7f4fb5cf44..1d53fe25fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bme280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -19,6 +20,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(spi.spi_device_schema()).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py
index f41aefcec3..dce5c88cfa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680/sensor.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_OHM,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
index e1e01facd0..35df2a7ea3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import esp32, i2c
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, Framework
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@trvrnrth"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py
index bdc8d8f2d3..153890b57f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/sensor.py
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID, SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, BME680BSECComponent
 
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sensor")(sens))
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
             )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py
index 1fbb9e2aeb..6da1c9d287 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_IAQ_ACCURACY
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID, BME680BSECComponent
 
@@ -21,13 +23,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
index 63f63c5da2..8208672b6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import hashlib
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome import core, external_files
@@ -12,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["bme680_bsec"]
@@ -74,11 +76,7 @@ VOLTAGE_FILE_NAME = {
 
 
 def _compute_local_file_path(url: str) -> Path:
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    return base_dir / key
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, url)
 
 
 def _compute_url(config: dict) -> str:
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ def _compute_url(config: dict) -> str:
     return f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/boschsensortec/Bosch-BSEC2-Library/{BSEC2_LIBRARY_VERSION}/src/config/{model}/{model}_{algo}_{volts}_{sample_rate}_{operating_age}/{filename}.txt"
 
 
-def download_bme68x_blob(config):
+def download_bme68x_blob(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     url = _compute_url(config)
     path = _compute_local_file_path(url)
     external_files.download_content(url, path)
@@ -105,7 +103,43 @@ def download_bme68x_blob(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_bme68x(config):
+# Shared by the schema and the prefetch hook so they cannot drift.
+_MODEL_VALIDATOR = cv.one_of(*MODEL_OPTIONS, lower=True)
+_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_VALIDATOR = cv.enum(ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, lower=True)
+# Key -> (validator, default) for the defaulted options that select the blob.
+_BLOB_OPTIONS = {
+    CONF_OPERATING_AGE: (cv.enum(OPERATING_AGE_OPTIONS, lower=True), "28d"),
+    CONF_SAMPLE_RATE: (cv.enum(SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, upper=True), "LP"),
+    CONF_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE: (cv.enum(VOLTAGE_OPTIONS, upper=True), "3.3V"),
+}
+
+
+def _extract_blob_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    """Raw entry to its BSEC2 blob; None when a value is unrecognized.
+
+    Applies the schema defaults and validators read-only; skipped entries
+    are left to the schema validator.
+    """
+    try:
+        spec = {
+            key: validator(str(entry.get(key, default)))  # pylint: disable=not-callable
+            for key, (validator, default) in _BLOB_OPTIONS.items()
+        }
+        spec[CONF_MODEL] = _MODEL_VALIDATOR(str(entry.get(CONF_MODEL, "")))
+        if (algorithm_output := entry.get(CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT)) is not None:
+            spec[CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT] = _ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_VALIDATOR(
+                str(algorithm_output)
+            )
+    except cv.Invalid:
+        return None
+    url = _compute_url(spec)
+    return RemoteFile(url, _compute_local_file_path(url))
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_blob_ref)
+
+
+def validate_bme68x(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT not in config:
         return config
 
@@ -128,19 +162,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = (
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BME68xBSEC2Component),
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_RAW_DATA_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
-            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODEL_OPTIONS, lower=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT): cv.enum(
-                ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_OPTIONS, lower=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_OPERATING_AGE, default="28d"): cv.enum(
-                OPERATING_AGE_OPTIONS, lower=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, default="LP"): cv.enum(
-                SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, upper=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE, default="3.3V"): cv.enum(
-                VOLTAGE_OPTIONS, upper=True
-            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): _MODEL_VALIDATOR,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT): _ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_VALIDATOR,
+            **{
+                cv.Optional(key, default=default): validator
+                for key, (validator, default) in _BLOB_OPTIONS.items()
+            },
             cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, default=0): cv.temperature_delta,
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL, default="6hours"
@@ -152,7 +179,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py
index 52587dba99..863cd9d601 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID, SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS, BME68xBSEC2Component
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(conf)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sensor")(sens))
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
             cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sample_rate")(sample_rate))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py
index fce00afe34..5c6f9f696c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_IAQ_ACCURACY
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID, BME68xBSEC2Component
 
@@ -21,13 +23,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(conf)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py
index c8ca0ba022..1da3bdbd6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import bme68x_bsec2, i2c
 from esphome.components.bme68x_bsec2 import (
     CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE,
     BME68xBSEC2Component,
     to_code_base,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
 
@@ -13,6 +14,11 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["bme68x_bsec2"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
+# The user-facing domain is this module (the base component only appears
+# via AUTO_LOAD), so the batch-download hook must be re-exported here to
+# take effect.
+PREFETCH_FILES = bme68x_bsec2.PREFETCH_FILES
+
 bme68x_bsec2_i2c_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bme68x_bsec2_i2c")
 BME68xBSEC2I2CComponent = bme68x_bsec2_i2c_ns.class_(
     "BME68xBSEC2I2CComponent", BME68xBSEC2Component, i2c.I2CDevice
@@ -24,6 +30,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x76))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py
index cc4037c1ee..4309f0a79f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi160/sensor.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREE_PER_SECOND,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py b/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py
index c1616665f9..ad36e592d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi270/motion.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
 )
 from esphome.components.motion import motion_schema, new_motion_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import BMI270Component, bmi270_ns
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 #  Code generation
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_motion_component(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py
index 69235ed8dc..0e1b0604a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi270/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMI270_ID, BMI270Component
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMI270_ID])
     data = MockObj("data")
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py
index 6e51984e1f..e4e559844e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp085/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py
index d612920dd4..c0f0ae90bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_base/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ademuri"]
 
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py
index 3ff556d51a..8e3c14f50a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP280I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py
index b3678ec01d..d97a6ea579 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp280_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP280SPIComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py
index c31db31761..75e168378e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_base/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras", "@latonita"]
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py
index 6fed9fc9ee..46e50ea39f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp3xx_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP3XXI2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py
index 22aab71977..fb3580bbad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp3xx_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp3xx_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(spi.spi_device_schema()).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py
index 6a7cf45089..1c2c5c37d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_base/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt", "@danielkent-net"]
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ IIR_FILTER_OPTIONS = {
 BMP581Component = bmp581_ns.class_("BMP581Component", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 
-def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config):
+def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     # - adds up sensor conversion time based on temperature and pressure oversampling rates given in datasheet
     # - returns a rounded up time in ms
 
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py
index 42645022a6..b4cd00325d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp581_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BMP581I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py
index db0d0cd529..435c5cd6f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_spi/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 from esphome.components.spi import CONF_SPI_MODE
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..bmp581_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ BMP581SPIComponent = bmp581_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def check_spi_mode(config):
+def check_spi_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     spi_mode = config.get(CONF_SPI_MODE)
     if spi_mode not in VALID_SPI_MODES:
         raise cv.Invalid("BMP581 only supports SPI mode 0 or mode 3")
@@ -43,6 +44,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py
index dc80c67b44..b45272d2ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py
index 78cf717aba..93e3c75daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp1658cj/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import BP1658CJ
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py
index af78b38ef5..fa4e8a231b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp5758d/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py b/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py
index 9adf13de55..bbca7c18cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bp5758d/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_CURRENT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import BP5758D
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py
index 8ce216da22..ed0cbaa9e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/__init__.py
@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BINDKEY, CONF_ID, CONF_MAC_ADDRESS
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nagyrobi"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
-BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA = esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA
 
 bthome_mithermometer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bthome_mithermometer")
 BTHomeMiThermometer = bthome_mithermometer_ns.class_(
-    "BTHomeMiThermometer", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "BTHomeMiThermometer", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
 
-def bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(extra_schema=None):
+def bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(
+    extra_schema: cv.Schema | dict | None = None,
+) -> cv.All:
     if extra_schema is None:
         extra_schema = {}
-    return (
+    return cv.All(
+        ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("bthome_mithermometer"),
         cv.Schema(
             {
                 cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(BTHomeMiThermometer),
@@ -26,15 +30,15 @@ def bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(extra_schema=None):
                 cv.Optional(CONF_BINDKEY): cv.bind_key,
             }
         )
-        .extend(BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
         .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
         .extend(extra_schema)
+        .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
     )
 
 
-async def setup_bthome_mithermometer(var, config):
+async def setup_bthome_mithermometer(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     if bindkey := config.get(CONF_BINDKEY):
         bindkey_bytes = [
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp
index ff38ab1740..1ebabea0a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.cpp
@@ -8,13 +8,20 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <span>
 
+// AES-CCM backend for encrypted-advertisement (bindkey) decryption:
+//   - ESP32 + ESP-IDF >= 6.0 -> PSA crypto (psa_aead_decrypt), hardware-backed.
+//   - every other platform   -> the portable software AES-CCM in ble_device_base, so
+//     decryption never depends on the SDK exposing mbedtls/PSA to application code
+//     (e.g. LibreTiny beken-72xx keeps its mbedtls internal). Works on any BLE platform.
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
 #include <psa/crypto.h>
-#else
-#include "mbedtls/ccm.h"
+#define BTHOME_CRYPTO_PSA
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef BTHOME_CRYPTO_PSA
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer {
@@ -25,6 +32,9 @@ static constexpr size_t BTHOME_NONCE_SIZE = 13;
 static constexpr size_t BTHOME_MIC_SIZE = 4;
 static constexpr size_t BTHOME_COUNTER_SIZE = 4;
 
+// Both callers are log macros (LOGCONFIG / LOGVV); below CONFIG level they
+// compile away and an ungated helper trips -Wunused-function.
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_CONFIG
 static const char *format_mac_address(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer, uint64_t address) {
   std::array<uint8_t, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE> mac{};
   for (size_t i = 0; i < MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE; i++) {
@@ -34,6 +44,7 @@ static const char *format_mac_address(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac.data(), buffer.data());
   return buffer.data();
 }
+#endif  // ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_CONFIG
 
 static bool get_bthome_value_length(uint8_t obj_type, size_t &value_length) {
   switch (obj_type) {
@@ -153,7 +164,7 @@ void BTHomeMiThermometer::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Signal Strength", this->signal_strength_);
 }
 
-bool BTHomeMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool BTHomeMiThermometer::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   bool matched = false;
   for (auto &service_data : device.get_service_datas()) {
     if (this->handle_service_data_(service_data, device)) {
@@ -200,7 +211,7 @@ bool BTHomeMiThermometer::decrypt_bthome_payload_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &da
   const uint8_t *ciphertext = data.data() + 1;
   const uint8_t *mic = data.data() + data.size() - BTHOME_MIC_SIZE;
 
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+#if defined(BTHOME_CRYPTO_PSA)
   // PSA AEAD expects ciphertext + tag concatenated
   // BLE advertisement max payload is 31 bytes, so this is always sufficient
   static constexpr size_t MAX_CT_WITH_TAG = 32;
@@ -232,29 +243,18 @@ bool BTHomeMiThermometer::decrypt_bthome_payload_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &da
     return false;
   }
 #else
-  mbedtls_ccm_context ctx;
-  mbedtls_ccm_init(&ctx);
-
-  int ret = mbedtls_ccm_setkey(&ctx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES, this->bindkey_, BTHOME_BINDKEY_SIZE * 8);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "mbedtls_ccm_setkey() failed.");
-    mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  ret = mbedtls_ccm_auth_decrypt(&ctx, ciphertext_size, nonce.data(), nonce.size(), nullptr, 0, ciphertext,
-                                 payload.data(), mic, BTHOME_MIC_SIZE);
-  mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "BTHome decryption failed (ret=%d).", ret);
+  // Portable software AES-CCM (ble_device_base) — no SDK mbedtls/PSA dependency.
+  if (!ble_device_base::aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(this->bindkey_, nonce.data(), nonce.size(), nullptr, 0, ciphertext,
+                                             ciphertext_size, payload.data(), mic, BTHOME_MIC_SIZE)) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "BTHome decryption failed.");
     return false;
   }
 #endif
   return true;
 }
 
-bool BTHomeMiThermometer::handle_service_data_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data,
-                                               const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool BTHomeMiThermometer::handle_service_data_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data,
+                                               const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0xD2, 0xFC)) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -435,5 +435,3 @@ bool BTHomeMiThermometer::handle_service_data_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceD
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h
index 924858e449..4a95311557 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/bthome_ble.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
+// No platform #ifdef: ble_device_base provides the BLE types on every platform; this
+// component is only compiled when configured (which requires a BLE hub). bindkey (AES-CCM)
+// decryption availability is selected per platform in the .cpp.
 namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer {
 
-class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
+class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> bindkey);
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@ class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
   void set_signal_strength(sensor::Sensor *signal_strength) { this->signal_strength_ = signal_strength; }
 
   void dump_config() override;
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
  protected:
-  bool handle_service_data_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data,
-                            const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device);
+  bool handle_service_data_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data,
+                            const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device);
   bool decrypt_bthome_payload_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint64_t source_address,
                                std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) const;
 
@@ -45,5 +46,3 @@ class BTHomeMiThermometer final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bthome_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py
index 9b50866db0..f559d0aa9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/sensor.py
@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import bthome_mithermometer_base_schema, setup_bthome_mithermometer
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@nagyrobi"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@nagyrobi"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(
     {
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = bthome_mithermometer_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await setup_bthome_mithermometer(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
index dd4fde5705..ee24002b8a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
     DEVICE_CLASS_UPDATE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -50,7 +51,9 @@ _BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
     .extend(
         {
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTButtonComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PRESS): automation.validate_automation({}),
         }
     )
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @setup_entity("button")
-async def setup_button_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_button_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
     setup_device_class(config)
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ async def setup_button_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_button(var, config):
+async def register_button(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("button", config)
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ async def register_button(var, config):
     await setup_button_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_button(config, *args):
+async def new_button(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_button(var, config)
     return var
@@ -123,11 +126,16 @@ BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "button.press", PressAction, BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def button_press_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def button_press_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(button_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/camera/camera.h b/esphome/components/camera/camera.h
index bf80b42e54..433361d298 100644
--- a/esphome/components/camera/camera.h
+++ b/esphome/components/camera/camera.h
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ struct CameraImageSpec {
 /** Abstract camera base class. Collaborates with API.
  *  1) API server starts and registers as a listener (add_listener)
  *     to receive new images from the camera.
- *  2) New API client connects and creates a new image reader (create_image_reader).
+ *  2) API connection creates an image reader (create_image_reader) when it receives
+ *     the first image it will send.
  *  3) API connection receives protobuf CameraImageRequest and calls request_image.
  *  3.a) API connection receives protobuf CameraImageRequest and calls start_stream.
  *  4) Camera implementation provides JPEG data in the CameraImage and notifies listeners.
diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
index fcd342ad38..b7de235dd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mvturnho", "@danielschramm"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ CONF_BIT_RATE = "bit_rate"
 CONF_ON_FRAME = "on_frame"
 
 
-def validate_id(config):
+def validate_id(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_CAN_ID in config:
         can_id = config[CONF_CAN_ID]
         id_ext = config[CONF_USE_EXTENDED_ID]
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ def validate_id(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, list):
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ CAN_SPEEDS = {
 }
 
 
-def get_rate(value):
+def get_rate(value: str) -> int:
     match = re.match(r"(\d+)(?:K(\d+)?)?BPS", value, re.IGNORECASE)
     if not match:
         raise ValueError(f"Invalid rate format: {value}")
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ CANBUS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 CANBUS_SCHEMA.add_extra(validate_id)
 
 
-async def setup_canbus_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_canbus_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_can_id([config[CONF_CAN_ID]]))
     cg.add(var.set_use_extended_id([config[CONF_USE_EXTENDED_ID]]))
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ async def setup_canbus_core_(var, config):
         )
 
 
-async def register_canbus(var, config):
+async def register_canbus(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     await setup_canbus_core_(var, config)
@@ -157,7 +160,12 @@ async def register_canbus(var, config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def canbus_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def canbus_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CANBUS_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py
index cde9dd46ae..eff0a05163 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cap1188/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TOUCH_THRESHOLD = "touch_threshold"
 CONF_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_TOUCHES = "allow_multiple_touches"
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_touch_threshold(config[CONF_TOUCH_THRESHOLD]))
     cg.add(var.set_allow_multiple_touches(config[CONF_ALLOW_MULTIPLE_TOUCHES]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py
index b7af53638a..21fd98ed41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cap1188/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_CAP1188_ID, CAP1188Component, cap1188_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(CAP1188Channel).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CAP1188_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
index cd877fc879..e490d89062 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import web_server_base
+from esphome.components import web_server_base, wifi
 from esphome.components.web_server_base import CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             PLATFORM_ESP8266,
             PLATFORM_BK72XX,
             PLATFORM_LN882X,
-            PLATFORM_RP2040,
+            PLATFORM_RP2,
             PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
         ]
     ),
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     wifi_conf = full_config.get("wifi")
 
@@ -88,24 +88,25 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     socket.consume_sockets(3, "captive_portal")(config)
     socket.consume_sockets(1, "captive_portal", socket.SocketType.UDP)(config)
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add_define("USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL")
+    # The portal reads wifi scan results from the web server task; this makes the
+    # wifi component guard them with a lock on multi-threaded platforms.
+    wifi.request_wifi_scan_results_lock()
 
     if config[CONF_COMPRESSION] == "gzip":
         cg.add_define("USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP")
 
-    if CORE.using_arduino and (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_rp2040):
+    if CORE.using_arduino and (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_rp2):
         cg.add_library("DNSServer", None)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
index a81edc1900..a25ac8d010 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
@@ -7,145 +7,146 @@ namespace esphome::captive_portal {
 
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x16, 0x6b, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x7e,
-    0x05, 0x8f, 0x49, 0xbb, 0x52, 0xb3, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0xed, 0x6c, 0x24, 0x51, 0x45, 0x9a, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x36,
-    0xc0, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x1f, 0x82, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x53, 0x23, 0x8b, 0x31, 0x45, 0xea, 0x48, 0xca, 0x8f, 0x18, 0xbe, 0xdf,
-    0x7e, 0xa0, 0x24, 0x7b, 0x9d, 0x45, 0x73, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x60, 0x61, 0x38, 0xef, 0x19, 0xcd, 0x83, 0xc5, 0xdf, 0x2a,
-    0xc5, 0xec, 0xbe, 0x03, 0xd4, 0xd8, 0x56, 0x94, 0x85, 0x7b, 0x23, 0x41, 0xe5, 0x8a, 0x80, 0x2c, 0x8b, 0x06, 0x68,
-    0x55, 0x16, 0x2d, 0x58, 0x8a, 0x58, 0x43, 0xb5, 0x01, 0x4b, 0xfe, 0xbc, 0xff, 0x39, 0xb8, 0x2d, 0x0b, 0xc1, 0xe5,
-    0x1a, 0x69, 0x10, 0x84, 0x33, 0x25, 0x51, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x26, 0x15, 0xb5, 0x34, 0xe3, 0x2d, 0x5d, 0xc1, 0x24, 0x22,
-    0x69, 0x0b, 0x64, 0xc3, 0x61, 0xdb, 0x29, 0x6d, 0x11, 0x53, 0xd2, 0x82, 0xb4, 0x04, 0x6f, 0x79, 0x65, 0x1b, 0x52,
-    0xc1, 0x86, 0x33, 0x08, 0x86, 0xc3, 0x35, 0x97, 0xdc, 0x72, 0x2a, 0x02, 0xc3, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x92, 0x5c, 0xf7, 0x06,
-    0xf4, 0x70, 0xa0, 0x4b, 0x01, 0x44, 0x2a, 0x5c, 0x16, 0x86, 0x69, 0xde, 0x59, 0xe4, 0x5c, 0x25, 0xad, 0xaa, 0x7a,
-    0x01, 0x65, 0x14, 0x51, 0x63, 0xc0, 0x9a, 0x88, 0xcb, 0x0a, 0x76, 0xe1, 0x32, 0x66, 0x2c, 0x86, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0xf0,
-    0xb3, 0x79, 0x56, 0x29, 0xd6, 0xb7, 0x20, 0x6d, 0x28, 0x14, 0xa3, 0x96, 0x2b, 0x19, 0x1a, 0xa0, 0x9a, 0x35, 0x84,
-    0x10, 0xfc, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x1b, 0xc0, 0xdf, 0x7f, 0xef, 0x9d, 0x99, 0x56, 0x60, 0xff, 0x21, 0xc0, 0x81, 0xe6, 0xa7,
-    0xfd, 0x3d, 0x5d, 0xfd, 0x4e, 0x5b, 0xf0, 0x30, 0x35, 0xbc, 0x02, 0xec, 0x7f, 0x8c, 0x3f, 0x85, 0xc6, 0xee, 0x05,
-    0x84, 0x15, 0x37, 0x9d, 0xa0, 0x7b, 0x82, 0x97, 0x42, 0xb1, 0x35, 0xf6, 0xf3, 0xba, 0x97, 0xcc, 0x29, 0x47, 0xc6,
-    0x03, 0xff, 0x20, 0xc0, 0x22, 0x4b, 0xde, 0x51, 0xdb, 0x84, 0x2d, 0xdd, 0x79, 0x23, 0xc0, 0xa5, 0x97, 0xfe, 0xe0,
-    0xc1, 0xcb, 0x24, 0x8e, 0xfd, 0xeb, 0xe1, 0x15, 0xfb, 0x51, 0x12, 0xc7, 0xb9, 0x06, 0xdb, 0x6b, 0x89, 0xa8, 0xf7,
-    0x50, 0x74, 0xd4, 0x36, 0xa8, 0x22, 0xf8, 0x5d, 0x92, 0xa2, 0xe4, 0x75, 0x98, 0xce, 0x7f, 0x0b, 0x5f, 0xa1, 0x9b,
-    0x30, 0x9d, 0xb3, 0x57, 0xc1, 0x1c, 0x25, 0x37, 0xc1, 0x1c, 0xa5, 0x69, 0x38, 0x47, 0xf1, 0x17, 0x8c, 0x6a, 0x2e,
-    0x04, 0xc1, 0x52, 0x49, 0xc0, 0xc8, 0x58, 0xad, 0xd6, 0x40, 0x30, 0xeb, 0xb5, 0x06, 0x69, 0xdf, 0x2a, 0xa1, 0x34,
-    0x8e, 0xca, 0x67, 0xff, 0x97, 0x42, 0xab, 0xa9, 0x34, 0xb5, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0xc1, 0x43, 0xf6, 0xbd, 0x17, 0x07, 0x7b,
-    0x44, 0xee, 0xe5, 0x5f, 0x10, 0x03, 0xa5, 0xf9, 0x8a, 0x4b, 0x82, 0x9d, 0xc6, 0x5b, 0x1c, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xfe, 0xf1,
-    0x1c, 0x3d, 0x75, 0xd1, 0x4f, 0xf1, 0x28, 0xef, 0xe3, 0x43, 0x61, 0x36, 0x2b, 0xb4, 0x6b, 0x85, 0x34, 0x04, 0x37,
-    0xd6, 0x76, 0x59, 0x14, 0x6d, 0xb7, 0xdb, 0x70, 0x3b, 0x0b, 0x95, 0x5e, 0x45, 0x69, 0x1c, 0xc7, 0x91, 0xd9, 0xac,
-    0x30, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0x01, 0xa7, 0x37, 0x18, 0x35, 0xc0, 0x57, 0x8d, 0x1d, 0xe0, 0xf2, 0xc5, 0x01, 0x8e, 0x85, 0xe3,
-    0x28, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x5d, 0x58, 0xe1, 0x17, 0x56, 0xe0, 0x47, 0xea, 0xe1, 0x53, 0x98, 0x57, 0x43, 0x98, 0xaf, 0x68,
-    0x8a, 0x52, 0x14, 0x0f, 0x4f, 0x1a, 0x38, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x05, 0x4f, 0x4e, 0xe8, 0xe2, 0xe4, 0xa0, 0x76, 0x11, 0xbc,
-    0x3e, 0xcb, 0x26, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0x49, 0xe2, 0x47, 0x84, 0x13, 0xf8, 0x65, 0x71, 0x79, 0x0e, 0xd2, 0x0f, 0x97, 0x0c,
-    0xce, 0x5a, 0x93, 0x7c, 0x58, 0xd0, 0x39, 0x9a, 0x4f, 0x98, 0x79, 0xe0, 0xe0, 0xf3, 0x09, 0xcd, 0x37, 0x69, 0x93,
-    0xb4, 0xc1, 0x22, 0x98, 0xd3, 0x19, 0x9a, 0x4d, 0x8e, 0xcc, 0xd0, 0x6c, 0x93, 0x36, 0x8b, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0x4b, 0x5c,
-    0x30, 0xfb, 0x72, 0x15, 0x95, 0xd8, 0xcf, 0x30, 0x7e, 0x8c, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x46, 0x1e, 0x7e, 0x56, 0x5c, 0x7a, 0x18,
-    0xfb, 0xc7, 0x1a, 0x2c, 0x6b, 0x3c, 0x1c, 0x31, 0x25, 0x6b, 0xbe, 0x0a, 0x3f, 0x1b, 0x25, 0xb1, 0x1f, 0xda, 0x06,
-    0xa4, 0x77, 0x12, 0x75, 0x82, 0x30, 0x50, 0xbc, 0xa7, 0x14, 0xeb, 0x1f, 0xce, 0xf5, 0x6f, 0xb9, 0x15, 0x40, 0x6c,
-    0xe8, 0x1a, 0xf6, 0xfa, 0x8c, 0x5d, 0xaa, 0x6a, 0xff, 0x8d, 0xd6, 0x68, 0x92, 0xb1, 0x2f, 0xb8, 0x94, 0xa0, 0xef,
-    0x61, 0x67, 0x09, 0x7e, 0xf7, 0xe6, 0x2d, 0x7a, 0x53, 0x55, 0x1a, 0x8c, 0xc9, 0x10, 0x7e, 0x69, 0xc3, 0x96, 0xb2,
-    0xff, 0x5d, 0x57, 0xf2, 0x95, 0xae, 0x7f, 0xf2, 0x9f, 0x39, 0xfa, 0x1d, 0xec, 0x56, 0xe9, 0xf5, 0xa4, 0xcd, 0xb9,
-    0x96, 0xbb, 0x0e, 0xd3, 0xc4, 0x86, 0xb4, 0x33, 0xa1, 0x11, 0x9c, 0x81, 0x97, 0xf8, 0x61, 0x4b, 0xbb, 0xc7, 0xa8,
-    0xe4, 0x29, 0x51, 0x0f, 0x45, 0xc5, 0x37, 0x88, 0x09, 0x6a, 0x0c, 0xc1, 0x72, 0x54, 0x85, 0xd1, 0x33, 0x34, 0xfc,
-    0x94, 0x64, 0x82, 0xb3, 0x35, 0xc1, 0x7f, 0x31, 0x01, 0x7e, 0xda, 0xff, 0x5a, 0x79, 0x57, 0xc6, 0xf0, 0xea, 0xca,
-    0x0f, 0x37, 0x54, 0xf4, 0x80, 0x08, 0xb2, 0x0d, 0x37, 0x8f, 0x0e, 0xe6, 0xdf, 0x14, 0xeb, 0xcc, 0xfa, 0xca, 0x0f,
-    0x6b, 0xc5, 0x7a, 0xe3, 0xf9, 0xb8, 0x9c, 0xcc, 0x15, 0x74, 0x1c, 0x90, 0xf8, 0x39, 0x7e, 0xe2, 0x51, 0x20, 0xa0,
-    0xb6, 0x67, 0x3e, 0x84, 0x5e, 0x1c, 0x8c, 0x27, 0x43, 0x6d, 0x0c, 0xf7, 0x8f, 0x67, 0x64, 0x61, 0x3a, 0x2a, 0x9f,
-    0x0a, 0x3a, 0x07, 0x5d, 0xab, 0xc8, 0xd0, 0x41, 0xae, 0x5f, 0x3a, 0x2a, 0xcf, 0x06, 0x23, 0x7a, 0x02, 0x5f, 0x1c,
-    0xb8, 0x27, 0xdd, 0x14, 0x5c, 0x9f, 0x35, 0x16, 0x51, 0xc5, 0x37, 0xe5, 0xc3, 0xd1, 0x7f, 0x8c, 0xe3, 0x5f, 0x3d,
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+    0x0e, 0x2d, 0x35, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa5, 0x76, 0x4e, 0xb7, 0x79, 0x74, 0xdd, 0xed, 0x16, 0xe3, 0x91, 0x57, 0x96,
+    0xa7, 0xde, 0xcd, 0x7e, 0xd7, 0x9e, 0xf2, 0x9d, 0x76, 0x3b, 0x64, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x7c, 0xe4, 0xeb, 0x59, 0x50, 0x72,
+    0x4e, 0x4f, 0x3a, 0xeb, 0x76, 0xc8, 0x9f, 0x9d, 0x52, 0x7d, 0x55, 0xbf, 0xa6, 0x69, 0xf2, 0x37, 0x37, 0xc2, 0xeb,
+    0x3a, 0x5b, 0xd6, 0xe7, 0x4c, 0xf9, 0xb5, 0xe9, 0x57, 0x4b, 0x5f, 0x5a, 0x45, 0x3c, 0xbc, 0x6e, 0x7c, 0x65, 0x54,
+    0x85, 0xcf, 0x70, 0x55, 0x34, 0x29, 0x12, 0xbc, 0x6c, 0x29, 0xab, 0x2e, 0x66, 0x5b, 0x11, 0x37, 0xe9, 0x89, 0xd4,
+    0xa4, 0xd5, 0x93, 0xb9, 0x35, 0xd0, 0x7a, 0xef, 0xab, 0x1b, 0xad, 0x14, 0x30, 0x27, 0xd4, 0x0a, 0x39, 0x8d, 0xc6,
+    0x14, 0x10, 0x42, 0x8a, 0xa5, 0xa9, 0xde, 0x4b, 0xa0, 0x16, 0xd0, 0x96, 0x0a, 0x47, 0x8a, 0x78, 0xe0, 0x1f, 0x3a,
+    0x5d, 0xf0, 0x52, 0x81, 0x3b, 0xf7, 0x76, 0x33, 0x1d, 0x0c, 0xdc, 0x82, 0xf3, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0x81, 0x69, 0x55, 0xf8,
+    0x15, 0x8c, 0x68, 0xdf, 0xa5, 0x65, 0xbc, 0x15, 0xb5, 0xf0, 0x4f, 0x98, 0xaa, 0xe8, 0x8b, 0xdc, 0x6b, 0xf0, 0x79,
+    0x1e, 0x9e, 0x5b, 0x3d, 0x24, 0x41, 0xad, 0x5c, 0x53, 0x4e, 0x33, 0xd4, 0x49, 0xca, 0xa0, 0xd1, 0x92, 0x83, 0x29,
+    0x6f, 0x6f, 0x7f, 0xfb, 0x67, 0xe5, 0x9d, 0x79, 0x94, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xc3, 0x20, 0xe6, 0x81, 0x51, 0x6a, 0x7e, 0x35,
+    0x3c, 0xb2, 0x3a, 0x6a, 0xed, 0x56, 0x1b, 0xfe, 0x44, 0xc7, 0xfb, 0xf1, 0x70, 0xd0, 0xd3, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x56, 0xa9,
+    0x6e, 0xe9, 0x06, 0x8a, 0x78, 0x44, 0x8a, 0xd8, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x9b, 0x91, 0xaf, 0x49, 0xab, 0x3f, 0xef, 0xde,
+    0xa2, 0xbf, 0x3a, 0x4e, 0x1d, 0x0c, 0x69, 0xeb, 0xa3, 0x6a, 0xc1, 0x35, 0x9a, 0x97, 0xef, 0xff, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0x3b,
+    0x47, 0xb8, 0xee, 0x99, 0x10, 0x28, 0x36, 0x3c, 0xf7, 0xd6, 0xd2, 0x89, 0x8e, 0x1a, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x8d, 0xfc, 0x14,
+    0x39, 0xc5, 0xd0, 0xd3, 0x6b, 0x21, 0x61, 0x08, 0x63, 0x10, 0xac, 0xd0, 0xc9, 0xab, 0x93, 0xb5, 0x67, 0x7e, 0xc5,
+    0xc3, 0x6d, 0xc7, 0xc3, 0xd5, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0xcb, 0xf7, 0xbf, 0x81, 0xdb, 0x13, 0xb5, 0x09, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1b, 0xf8, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x64, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0xfa, 0xe7, 0xf3, 0x62, 0xd8, 0x06, 0x1b, 0xe9, 0x6a, 0x8a, 0x81, 0x2b,
-    0xb5, 0x49, 0x14, 0x37, 0xdc, 0x9e, 0x1a, 0xcb, 0x56, 0x87, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xf7, 0x73, 0x75, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0x48,
-    0x84, 0xc6, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x71, 0xef, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x4e, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x64, 0x8f, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0x9a, 0x78,
-    0xa5, 0x89, 0x25, 0xb3, 0xda, 0x2c, 0xa2, 0x32, 0x9c, 0x57, 0x07, 0x56, 0xbc, 0x34, 0x13, 0xff, 0x5c, 0x0a, 0xa1,
-    0x67, 0x82, 0xb8, 0x6b, 0x4c, 0x76, 0x31, 0x6c, 0xe3, 0x40, 0x46, 0xea, 0xb0, 0xd4, 0xf4, 0x3b, 0x02, 0x65, 0x18,
-    0xa4, 0xaf, 0xac, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xd6, 0xbe, 0x59, 0x66, 0x7a, 0x7c, 0x60, 0xb2, 0x83, 0x33, 0x23, 0xc9, 0x79, 0x82,
-    0x47, 0xb4, 0x28, 0xf4, 0x24, 0xb5, 0x23, 0x5a, 0x44, 0xe1, 0xc3, 0x27, 0x04, 0xe8, 0x0c, 0xdd, 0xb4, 0xd0, 0x8c,
-    0xfb, 0x10, 0x39, 0x93, 0x04, 0x2a, 0x66, 0x18, 0x4b, 0x74, 0xca, 0x31, 0x7f, 0xb2, 0xe5, 0x45, 0xc1, 0xdd, 0x72,
-    0x49, 0xff, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0xf0, 0x93, 0x18, 0xab, 0x68, 0xad, 0xe1, 0x9d, 0xe4, 0x29, 0xc0, 0xe3, 0x63, 0x54, 0x61,
-    0x1b, 0x45, 0xb9, 0x6c, 0x23, 0x0f, 0x99, 0x7f, 0x8e, 0x69, 0xaa, 0xc1, 0xb8, 0x4e, 0x42, 0x9c, 0xc5, 0x6e, 0x69,
-    0x40, 0x0e, 0x4f, 0x97, 0xd3, 0x23, 0x18, 0xf5, 0xc8, 0x75, 0x73, 0xb5, 0xbd, 0x46, 0x8a, 0x97, 0x7d, 0x83, 0xe4,
-    0x29, 0x72, 0x73, 0xc1, 0x39, 0x8e, 0x7e, 0x84, 0x39, 0x66, 0x57, 0xc6, 0x85, 0x19, 0x8b, 0xf2, 0x4d, 0xd9, 0xfe,
-    0x75, 0xa9, 0xe1, 0x2b, 0x21, 0x81, 0x58, 0x51, 0x99, 0xbc, 0xa4, 0x0b, 0x10, 0x6f, 0x86, 0x17, 0x0b, 0x92, 0x00,
-    0x11, 0x6f, 0x3b, 0xa4, 0xa4, 0x11, 0x7e, 0x0b, 0x97, 0x85, 0x23, 0x0c, 0x01, 0x6f, 0x2a, 0x18, 0xc6, 0xbe, 0x3d,
-    0x77, 0x1a, 0xe6, 0x00, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0x14, 0x47, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x52, 0xbe, 0x04, 0x19, 0x31, 0x05, 0x46, 0xa0,
-    0xc3, 0x69, 0x0c, 0x60, 0xb7, 0x14, 0x57, 0xa0, 0x92, 0xbf, 0xb7, 0x0c, 0xd8, 0x3a, 0x79, 0x09, 0x99, 0xc9, 0x71,
-    0x88, 0x01, 0x8b, 0xa5, 0x61, 0x0a, 0xb5, 0xe8, 0xc7, 0x71, 0xe7, 0x70, 0x79, 0xb6, 0xe4, 0x01, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0x4a,
-    0x7b, 0x60, 0x6e, 0xef, 0x95, 0x62, 0x59, 0x28, 0xb5, 0x25, 0x56, 0x15, 0xe7, 0xca, 0xad, 0x32, 0xe6, 0xf7, 0x01,
-    0x31, 0x34, 0x87, 0x93, 0x0b, 0x9b, 0x9d, 0x26, 0xff, 0xe5, 0x92, 0xad, 0x6f, 0xb8, 0x3b, 0x16, 0xc1, 0xa0, 0x5a,
-    0x4f, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x2b, 0xc1, 0xa7, 0x95, 0x7b, 0x24, 0x51, 0xd3, 0xb3, 0x23, 0x62, 0x0b, 0xcc, 0xa0, 0x58, 0xa7,
-    0x64, 0x45, 0x2f, 0x0b, 0xdd, 0x1d, 0x97, 0x82, 0x1f, 0xcc, 0x64, 0xdb, 0xd3, 0xf4, 0xb0, 0x8b, 0xc8, 0xcf, 0x15,
-    0x81, 0x8b, 0xa1, 0x9d, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xec, 0x49, 0x40, 0x12, 0x01, 0x09, 0x51, 0xf3, 0x73, 0x18, 0x24, 0x97, 0x55,
-    0x85, 0x6a, 0x92, 0x1a, 0xf5, 0x5a, 0x05, 0x54, 0x1f, 0x27, 0x0a, 0xa8, 0xa1, 0x94, 0x58, 0x78, 0x7d, 0x87, 0xa8,
-    0xdb, 0x13, 0x66, 0x20, 0x5e, 0x43, 0x18, 0x7a, 0xbb, 0x16, 0x16, 0x07, 0xc8, 0xab, 0x10, 0xe2, 0x50, 0xb9, 0xb1,
-    0xd8, 0x21, 0xc8, 0x4a, 0x2e, 0x99, 0x0e, 0x23, 0x52, 0xc6, 0xcb, 0x29, 0x84, 0x91, 0x03, 0xb1, 0xe2, 0x4c, 0x1d,
-    0x22, 0xd3, 0xc8, 0x79, 0x00, 0x8b, 0x8b, 0x88, 0x1e, 0x29, 0xd3, 0xae, 0x10, 0x15, 0x22, 0x6d, 0xb0, 0x87, 0x6f,
-    0x27, 0x2e, 0x7c, 0xc2, 0x7a, 0x61, 0xbd, 0x22, 0xe5, 0x5f, 0xdd, 0x7b, 0x00, 0x04, 0xf2, 0x7d, 0x5a, 0x03, 0x38,
-    0x1f, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x0b, 0xfb, 0xec, 0x45, 0xfe, 0x8b, 0x7f, 0xec, 0x7b, 0xad, 0xc2, 0x33, 0xf1, 0x9e, 0x9c, 0x71,
-    0xd9, 0xe8, 0x5e, 0x8f, 0xd4, 0xee, 0x87, 0x45, 0x6c, 0xe2, 0x12, 0xf8, 0xb8, 0xc5, 0xee, 0x43, 0xa6, 0x37, 0x91,
-    0xb5, 0x2c, 0x2f, 0xe9, 0xe8, 0x24, 0xd0, 0x45, 0xc1, 0x0c, 0x7c, 0xf0, 0xb2, 0xb5, 0x2d, 0x10, 0x36, 0x7e, 0x18,
-    0x7c, 0x79, 0x82, 0x69, 0x3d, 0x35, 0xca, 0x52, 0xee, 0xc9, 0xb5, 0x65, 0xa4, 0xa1, 0xfd, 0x70, 0x7e, 0xe0, 0x7d,
-    0x67, 0xf9, 0xa1, 0x71, 0xd2, 0x08, 0x74, 0x33, 0x5f, 0x69, 0xa4, 0x59, 0x03, 0xfd, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0x70, 0x1a, 0x50,
-    0x43, 0xfb, 0x61, 0xf0, 0x38, 0x18, 0x88, 0x85, 0x36, 0x23, 0x06, 0x4f, 0x02, 0xbb, 0x78, 0x1a, 0xaa, 0xd2, 0x02,
-    0x5e, 0xa0, 0x74, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x7a, 0x66, 0xab, 0xd9, 0x43, 0x99, 0x45, 0xb7, 0x0c, 0x5c, 0xec, 0xc8, 0x03, 0x0e,
-    0x0b, 0xca, 0x4a, 0x22, 0x48, 0xfb, 0xb7, 0x3d, 0x82, 0x07, 0x8d, 0x1b, 0x21, 0x87, 0x4d, 0x57, 0xa4, 0x5b, 0xd4,
-    0xe3, 0x88, 0x02, 0xc4, 0x81, 0xf9, 0x47, 0xe4, 0xbf, 0x3e, 0x39, 0xbb, 0x4f, 0x7e, 0x91, 0x63, 0x98, 0x97, 0xe4,
-    0x52, 0x01, 0x58, 0xba, 0x32, 0xbf, 0xae, 0xff, 0x45, 0xa1, 0xbc, 0x9b, 0xa4, 0x09, 0x0e, 0x79, 0xc0, 0x41, 0x86,
-    0x52, 0x88, 0x55, 0x39, 0x9d, 0xb6, 0xed, 0x35, 0x68, 0x29, 0xfa, 0xe6, 0x6c, 0x3d, 0x0a, 0xcd, 0x6a, 0x28, 0xfd,
-    0x65, 0x24, 0xce, 0x38, 0x98, 0x01, 0xd9, 0x3f, 0x1b, 0x4c, 0xc4, 0x5c, 0x1d, 0xaa, 0x21, 0x78, 0x67, 0xaf, 0x55,
-    0x72, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x1b, 0x03, 0x21, 0x27, 0x08, 0xbd, 0x59, 0x60, 0x48, 0x0d, 0xe2, 0x56, 0x9b, 0x30, 0x92, 0x8f,
-    0x67, 0x8a, 0x7f, 0x20, 0xbd, 0x2d, 0xfd, 0xc5, 0xb0, 0xa6, 0xaa, 0x77, 0x75, 0x26, 0x33, 0x2f, 0x20, 0x2a, 0xab,
-    0x5c, 0xd1, 0x3b, 0xda, 0xb2, 0x4c, 0xa4, 0x86, 0x25, 0x8d, 0x49, 0x05, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0xa8, 0xd4, 0x9c, 0x0d, 0xd3,
-    0x38, 0xa6, 0x5c, 0x29, 0x6b, 0x16, 0x27, 0x07, 0xf1, 0xbe, 0xe2, 0x24, 0xc1, 0x8d, 0x25, 0x76, 0xbc, 0xf6, 0x0d,
-    0xc2, 0x94, 0x25, 0xb8, 0xf3, 0x07, 0x9a, 0x49, 0xf4, 0x89, 0x82, 0x4d, 0x51, 0xb1, 0x96, 0x61, 0x62, 0x8d, 0xc8,
-    0x61, 0x65, 0x0d, 0x14, 0x34, 0x02, 0x65, 0x94, 0xcc, 0x1d, 0x85, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x1a, 0x57, 0x68, 0x15, 0xcf, 0xa4,
-    0xa2, 0x7d, 0x6d, 0x53, 0x60, 0xce, 0x5c, 0x61, 0x82, 0x17, 0x32, 0xc1, 0x87, 0x02, 0x0c, 0x91, 0x85, 0x57, 0x51,
-    0xbe, 0xb2, 0x38, 0x9f, 0x3d, 0x2a, 0x52, 0x5a, 0xad, 0xba, 0x46, 0x9e, 0x3c, 0x8a, 0xa0, 0x46, 0x15, 0xf4, 0x59,
-    0x74, 0x5f, 0x2a, 0xae, 0x96, 0x56, 0xf0, 0x54, 0x39, 0xaf, 0xac, 0x2a, 0xb9, 0xad, 0x32, 0x50, 0xc9, 0xc1, 0xee,
-    0xd2, 0x0d, 0x34, 0xaa, 0x98, 0x4d, 0x6d, 0x3d, 0xc6, 0xb9, 0x5b, 0x00, 0x5f, 0xea, 0xda, 0x16, 0xa6, 0x08, 0x43,
-    0x58, 0x4d, 0x8d, 0x07, 0x55, 0x62, 0x81, 0x44, 0xcc, 0x31, 0x04, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x8b, 0x3e, 0xff, 0xd8, 0xf6, 0x65,
-    0x19, 0xa1, 0x94, 0x62, 0x65, 0x0a, 0xdd, 0x60, 0x38, 0xd3, 0xbe, 0x0d, 0xa3, 0x99, 0xd5, 0x37, 0x68, 0xa1, 0x71,
-    0xa3, 0x41, 0xe7, 0xbe, 0x9d, 0x72, 0x84, 0x75, 0xb6, 0x8d, 0x98, 0xd6, 0xb8, 0x2d, 0x43, 0x85, 0x5d, 0xf9, 0xca,
-    0xc3, 0x96, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xe7, 0x50, 0x88, 0x6b, 0x84, 0x58, 0x44, 0x45, 0x20, 0xdf, 0x1e, 0x5a, 0xc9, 0xce, 0x42,
-    0x2a, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x3c, 0x7b, 0x68, 0x3c, 0x34, 0x8b, 0x36, 0xba, 0x1f, 0xce, 0x0f, 0xa0, 0x60, 0x37, 0x5f, 0x1a,
-    0x03, 0x2b, 0x86, 0x29, 0x45, 0x7b, 0xb4, 0xb7, 0x06, 0x68, 0x17, 0x7e, 0x13, 0x76, 0x91, 0x4d, 0x27, 0xee, 0xbc,
-    0x7e, 0x80, 0xc2, 0x66, 0xac, 0xc6, 0xbf, 0xeb, 0x7f, 0xd7, 0x84, 0x79, 0xf3, 0xf1, 0xde, 0xec, 0xa6, 0x93, 0xa8,
-    0x13, 0x3b, 0x4a, 0x81, 0xfa, 0x11, 0x1e, 0x4a, 0xd2, 0x50, 0x2a, 0xea, 0x9a, 0xc2, 0x37, 0x08, 0xed, 0x01, 0xf5,
-    0xa2, 0xd5, 0x32, 0x29, 0x49, 0xc4, 0x1a, 0x11, 0xc0, 0xda, 0x24, 0x28, 0x84, 0x38, 0x60, 0x80, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0x45,
-    0x83, 0xa7, 0xca, 0x52, 0x5c, 0xac, 0x23, 0x01};
+    0x1b, 0x08, 0x0b, 0x00, 0xe4, 0x7f, 0x9b, 0xad, 0xbb, 0x97, 0x53, 0xde, 0xb7, 0x25, 0x0e, 0x69, 0xd4, 0x69, 0x89,
+    0xba, 0xa5, 0x55, 0x22, 0x04, 0x27, 0xeb, 0x00, 0x52, 0xac, 0xbc, 0xec, 0x5f, 0xfb, 0xb5, 0x7a, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6,
+    0x48, 0x84, 0x4a, 0x48, 0x5a, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0xb7, 0x72, 0x66, 0x4e, 0x62, 0xd8, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0x88, 0x68, 0x86, 0x28,
+    0xd6, 0xf1, 0xda, 0x2c, 0xa2, 0x32, 0x5c, 0xdd, 0xab, 0xb2, 0x15, 0xbc, 0x24, 0x13, 0xe6, 0xbd, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x63,
+    0x82, 0x88, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x71, 0x51, 0x9c, 0xe2, 0x40, 0x56, 0xea, 0xb0, 0x5c, 0xb7, 0x1d, 0x81, 0x3a, 0x0c, 0xf2,
+    0xd7, 0xa8, 0x5c, 0x35, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xb3, 0x42, 0x37, 0x7c, 0x60, 0xd8, 0xc1, 0x95, 0x91, 0x94, 0x3c, 0x29, 0x20,
+    0x96, 0x20, 0xf6, 0x24, 0xb7, 0x83, 0x4a, 0x06, 0xf1, 0xc3, 0x2f, 0x88, 0x50, 0x55, 0x35, 0x2d, 0xe8, 0xb6, 0x21,
+    0x38, 0x61, 0x8e, 0x44, 0x2a, 0xac, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x74, 0xaa, 0x31, 0x7f, 0x62, 0x32, 0x9b, 0x99, 0x42, 0x0a, 0xf6,
+    0x6f, 0xd8, 0x89, 0x3f, 0x49, 0xb1, 0xa2, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x8e, 0xb3, 0x27, 0x0b, 0x07, 0x07, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x8f, 0xaa,
+    0xdc, 0x68, 0x12, 0x0f, 0x95, 0xbf, 0xc7, 0x36, 0xd5, 0x60, 0x5a, 0xc7, 0x80, 0xac, 0x52, 0xf7, 0xa7, 0x2d, 0xb6,
+    0x64, 0xda, 0xda, 0x11, 0x8d, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0xba, 0xe9, 0xda, 0xdc, 0x62, 0xc3, 0xcb, 0xae, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x11, 0xb6,
+    0x33, 0x29, 0x04, 0x09, 0xfe, 0x09, 0x08, 0xc2, 0x1f, 0x98, 0x16, 0x26, 0x0d, 0xce, 0xd7, 0x75, 0xfb, 0xd7, 0xa5,
+    0x82, 0xd7, 0x32, 0x44, 0x72, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xe4, 0x15, 0xcb, 0x50, 0xfc, 0xd3, 0x58, 0x64, 0x34, 0x41, 0x32, 0xbe,
+    0x1f, 0x08, 0x43, 0x16, 0x14, 0xf7, 0x70, 0x2c, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x09, 0x78, 0x73, 0xd1, 0x30, 0xf6, 0xed, 0x85, 0x55,
+    0x50, 0x02, 0xf0, 0x68, 0x50, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0xd7, 0x3b, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0x23, 0xc8, 0x88, 0x39, 0xd0, 0x84, 0xf7, 0xa6,
+    0xd1, 0xa3, 0xfb, 0xe5, 0x44, 0xc0, 0x4c, 0x2f, 0x6f, 0x19, 0x70, 0x75, 0xf6, 0x1c, 0xb8, 0xce, 0x89, 0x4f, 0x01,
+    0x8d, 0xa1, 0x71, 0xf2, 0x97, 0xf8, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xf1, 0xe1, 0xfa, 0xfc, 0xc8, 0x03, 0x78, 0x14, 0xa0, 0x3d, 0x28,
+    0xb7, 0xeb, 0x26, 0x52, 0x59, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0x0d, 0x5c, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0xe5, 0xf6, 0x30, 0xd6, 0xf7, 0x71, 0x31, 0xe8,
+    0xbd, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xf5, 0x71, 0x9d, 0xff, 0xf6, 0x69, 0x62, 0x5f, 0xb5, 0xc7, 0x06, 0x43, 0x54, 0xb5, 0x87, 0xf1,
+    0xcc, 0x84, 0xe8, 0xb7, 0x56, 0x38, 0x43, 0x6a, 0xa6, 0x2f, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x89, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x72, 0x75, 0x4a, 0x17,
+    0xf6, 0x8d, 0xb2, 0xeb, 0xb1, 0x6b, 0x29, 0x1e, 0xd5, 0x74, 0xc7, 0xb3, 0xf4, 0xf1, 0x04, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0x08, 0x81,
+    0x8f, 0xfe, 0x8d, 0xfc, 0xf2, 0x35, 0x92, 0xa0, 0x24, 0x88, 0x12, 0x6a, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0x01, 0x94, 0x5c, 0x4b, 0xf9,
+    0x6b, 0x9a, 0xf6, 0x1a, 0x35, 0x11, 0x8a, 0xc6, 0x04, 0x8d, 0x50, 0x64, 0x48, 0x2d, 0x8b, 0xdf, 0xdf, 0xa1, 0xd1,
+    0xfd, 0x21, 0xd7, 0x40, 0x96, 0x00, 0xb1, 0x9f, 0x54, 0xc2, 0xe1, 0x00, 0x79, 0x15, 0x80, 0xf8, 0xca, 0x8e, 0xc5,
+    0x06, 0x03, 0xdf, 0x72, 0x49, 0xc0, 0x08, 0x27, 0x90, 0xe3, 0x14, 0xc2, 0xac, 0xc3, 0x83, 0xc9, 0xf6, 0x9d, 0x12,
+    0xab, 0x46, 0xae, 0x03, 0x74, 0x1d, 0x27, 0xce, 0x91, 0x1d, 0x4e, 0xb4, 0xbe, 0x80, 0xe7, 0x6a, 0x6d, 0x0a, 0x20,
+    0x47, 0x6b, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x25, 0x52, 0xe6, 0xf5, 0xe9, 0x43, 0x84, 0xc1, 0x0d, 0x4b, 0x04, 0xb3, 0x91, 0x49, 0xf5,
+    0xe9, 0xc4, 0x2e, 0x1b, 0xf9, 0x98, 0xf9, 0xea, 0x9e, 0xb8, 0xf6, 0x53, 0xf8, 0x42, 0xc2, 0x60, 0x5c, 0xa9, 0xd2,
+    0xfe, 0x0a, 0xe5, 0xd4, 0x7d, 0x36, 0x76, 0x04, 0x12, 0x38, 0xa1, 0xc4, 0x30, 0xb8, 0xf2, 0x69, 0x86, 0x5b, 0xe7,
+    0xe5, 0xa0, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x91, 0x19, 0x03, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0x93, 0x26, 0x49, 0x58, 0xd5, 0xf6, 0x33, 0x4e, 0x0a, 0x89,
+    0x64, 0x1e, 0xb4, 0x7a, 0x5d, 0x0d, 0x12, 0xcf, 0x2b, 0xdd, 0x35, 0x90, 0x55, 0xc3, 0x0e, 0xcd, 0x0e, 0xad, 0x6b,
+    0x8f, 0x43, 0xd0, 0xb4, 0x6a, 0xdb, 0x4b, 0xe5, 0xa4, 0x9b, 0x09, 0x23, 0x1a, 0x43, 0xa9, 0xff, 0x61, 0x8b, 0x07,
+    0xd6, 0x0f, 0x83, 0x23, 0xbe, 0x8a, 0x66, 0xa2, 0x10, 0x2f, 0x11, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xc6, 0x96, 0xba, 0x87, 0xaa, 0xa8,
+    0x44, 0x7c, 0x1e, 0x34, 0xdb, 0xba, 0x41, 0x90, 0xf0, 0x7a, 0xdb, 0x63, 0x60, 0x96, 0x8d, 0x64, 0xcb, 0x2f, 0x28,
+    0x96, 0x04, 0xd5, 0xc0, 0x7a, 0xe8, 0xec, 0xd1, 0x61, 0x1b, 0x09, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x6e, 0x1b, 0x31, 0x98, 0x9c, 0x6d,
+    0xdb, 0xd0, 0xec, 0xa4, 0x0f, 0x0a, 0xe0, 0xc8, 0x35, 0xc4, 0x93, 0xdc, 0xee, 0x19, 0x00, 0x80, 0x07, 0xf5, 0xcf,
+    0xe0, 0x7f, 0x75, 0xf8, 0x52, 0x3a, 0xfc, 0x0d, 0x84, 0xa5, 0xc1, 0xb2, 0x1c, 0x25, 0x40, 0xc5, 0x8b, 0xb3, 0xdb,
+    0x7a, 0x1b, 0x44, 0xff, 0x79, 0x9a, 0x26, 0xc4, 0xe7, 0x9e, 0x78, 0x4c, 0xa5, 0x94, 0xab, 0x78, 0x34, 0x9d, 0xb5,
+    0xb7, 0x24, 0x26, 0xe7, 0x9a, 0xf3, 0xe5, 0x2a, 0x35, 0x4b, 0xbe, 0x74, 0xd7, 0x01, 0xbc, 0x71, 0x72, 0x03, 0x5c,
+    0x40, 0x24, 0x17, 0x61, 0x5b, 0x7b, 0x19, 0xc2, 0x7f, 0x4e, 0x5b, 0x24, 0xfb, 0x8b, 0xc3, 0x51, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x09,
+    0x04, 0x05, 0x72, 0x64, 0xf6, 0xf0, 0x6b, 0x99, 0x38, 0x93, 0x5b, 0xac, 0x0c, 0xff, 0x40, 0x7b, 0x53, 0xba, 0xab,
+    0x61, 0xc9, 0xa2, 0xde, 0xd6, 0x2b, 0x0c, 0xbd, 0x85, 0xac, 0x4c, 0x64, 0x8b, 0xe6, 0x69, 0x2b, 0x56, 0x10, 0x1b,
+    0x08, 0x59, 0x6c, 0x55, 0x0a, 0xaa, 0x93, 0x85, 0x1d, 0x45, 0xda, 0xc6, 0x39, 0xe6, 0x6a, 0xab, 0x71, 0x73, 0x46,
+    0x0f, 0xf7, 0xab, 0x4e, 0x88, 0xae, 0x8c, 0xe0, 0x91, 0xda, 0x35, 0x8c, 0xd3, 0x18, 0x92, 0x3d, 0xab, 0x2f, 0x0d,
+    0xd6, 0xc9, 0x06, 0xdb, 0xc2, 0x62, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0x23, 0x5b, 0x28, 0x2e, 0x9b, 0x96, 0xc4, 0xc1, 0x42, 0xa9, 0x8d,
+    0x69, 0xe5, 0x8f, 0x89, 0x12, 0x11, 0x9a, 0x56, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x2b, 0xb4, 0xb2, 0x7b, 0xfd, 0xdb, 0x80, 0x92, 0xb4,
+    0xca, 0x44, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x94, 0x2f, 0x4a, 0xb4, 0xc4, 0x28, 0x83, 0x8a, 0x78, 0xcb, 0xd2, 0x5c, 0x5c, 0x35, 0x29,
+    0x95, 0x35, 0x2f, 0x99, 0x28, 0x4f, 0x22, 0x18, 0x70, 0x85, 0xee, 0x2c, 0xb9, 0xef, 0x14, 0x57, 0x73, 0x23, 0x45,
+    0xae, 0xdc, 0x54, 0x56, 0x55, 0x78, 0x56, 0xad, 0x48, 0x26, 0x27, 0xbf, 0xcb, 0xd7, 0x54, 0xa9, 0xa8, 0xd7, 0xb5,
+    0x71, 0x9c, 0xe7, 0x79, 0x89, 0x5c, 0xa9, 0x6a, 0x53, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x0d, 0x69, 0x36, 0xed, 0xad, 0x33, 0xc9, 0x75,
+    0x17, 0xe9, 0x8f, 0x31, 0x58, 0xa6, 0x27, 0xfc, 0x79, 0xc6, 0xb6, 0xd5, 0x65, 0x90, 0x31, 0xc6, 0x9d, 0x29, 0x95,
+    0x83, 0xe5, 0x4e, 0xbb, 0xd7, 0xdc, 0x8e, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x54, 0x27, 0xce, 0xf5, 0xdb, 0xbd, 0x89, 0x3c, 0x61, 0xb3,
+    0x71, 0x23, 0xc7, 0x55, 0x9e, 0xea, 0x50, 0xe4, 0x37, 0xae, 0x72, 0x34, 0x66, 0xb9, 0x6e, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x69, 0x8d,
+    0x94, 0x8b, 0x98, 0x08, 0x05, 0x3c, 0x45, 0x45, 0xe1, 0x6c, 0x22, 0xc5, 0x8f, 0x1f, 0x9f, 0x3f, 0xd2, 0x01, 0x12,
+    0xec, 0x86, 0x2f, 0x87, 0x8b, 0x47, 0x30, 0xd0, 0x77, 0x77, 0x1a, 0x13, 0x2d, 0xc6, 0x31, 0x65, 0x77, 0xd8, 0x8c,
+    0xe7, 0xe0, 0x16, 0xf9, 0x4b, 0xd4, 0xc5, 0xa8, 0x67, 0x79, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0x07, 0x94, 0x46, 0xa3, 0x8c, 0x67, 0xd3,
+    0xff, 0x5f, 0x96, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xa7, 0xd3, 0xdd, 0x4f, 0x27, 0x49, 0x27, 0xcf, 0xa4, 0x02, 0xc3, 0x27, 0x3c, 0x96,
+    0x64, 0x24, 0x55, 0xc8, 0x36, 0x45, 0x68, 0x90, 0xea, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0xb4, 0x26, 0x91, 0x07, 0x4c,
+    0x80, 0x7b, 0x93, 0xa8, 0x10, 0xcb, 0x5e, 0x8d, 0x42, 0x86, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x7c, 0x99, 0x79, 0x8e, 0xcb, 0x43, 0x28};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
index 365e5f64db..e80f9e669f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
 #include "captive_index.h"
 
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "captive_portal";
 void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   AsyncResponseStream *stream = request->beginResponseStream(ESPHOME_F("application/json"));
   stream->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("cache-control"), ESPHOME_F("public, max-age=0, must-revalidate"));
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   const char *mac_str = get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s);
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("{\"mac\":\""));
@@ -24,23 +27,32 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   stream->printf(R"({"mac":"%s","name":"%s","aps":[{})", mac_str, App.get_name().c_str());
 #endif
 
-  for (auto &scan : wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result()) {
-    if (scan.get_is_hidden())
-      continue;
+  // An SSID can contain a " or \ that would break the JSON, so escape it before writing it out. An SSID is at most
+  // 32 bytes (IEEE 802.11), so this is large enough that nothing is ever dropped. Reused for every scan result.
+  char escaped_ssid[32 * JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION + 1];
+  {
+    // Invariant: only bounded in-memory work under the lock; the network send
+    // happens later in request->send()
+    wifi::ScanResultsLock lock(wifi::global_wifi_component);
+    const auto &results = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result();
+    for (const auto &scan : results) {
+      bool with_auth = false;
+      if (!wifi::should_show_scan_entry(results, scan, with_auth))
+        continue;
 
-      // Assumes no " in ssid, possible unicode isses?
+      json_escape_into_buffer(escaped_ssid, scan.get_ssid());
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F(",{\"ssid\":\""));
-    stream->print(scan.get_ssid().c_str());
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"rssi\":"));
-    stream->print(scan.get_rssi());
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F(",\"lock\":"));
-    stream->print(scan.get_with_auth());
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("}"));
+      stream->print(ESPHOME_F(",{\"ssid\":\""));
+      stream->print(escaped_ssid);
+      stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"rssi\":"));
+      stream->print(scan.get_rssi());
+      stream->print(ESPHOME_F(",\"lock\":"));
+      stream->print(with_auth);
+      stream->print(ESPHOME_F("}"));
 #else
-    stream->printf(R"(,{"ssid":"%s","rssi":%d,"lock":%d})", scan.get_ssid().c_str(), scan.get_rssi(),
-                   scan.get_with_auth());
+      stream->printf(R"(,{"ssid":"%s","rssi":%d,"lock":%d})", escaped_ssid, scan.get_rssi(), with_auth);
 #endif
+    }
   }
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("]}"));
   request->send(stream);
diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
index 0feb384ac2..01e3ed0cd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ MULTI_CONF = True
 
 ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cc1101")
 CC1101Component = ns.class_("CC1101Component", cg.Component, spi.SPIDevice)
+CC1101Listener = ns.class_("CC1101Listener")
 
 # Config keys
 CONF_RX_ATTENUATION = "rx_attenuation"
@@ -48,6 +49,15 @@ CONF_FILTER_LENGTH_FSK_MSK = "filter_length_fsk_msk"
 CONF_FILTER_LENGTH_ASK_OOK = "filter_length_ask_ook"
 CONF_FREEZE = "freeze"
 CONF_HYST_LEVEL = "hyst_level"
+CONF_FOC_BS_CS_GATE = "foc_bs_cs_gate"
+CONF_FOC_LIMIT = "foc_limit"
+CONF_FOC_PRE_K = "foc_pre_k"
+CONF_FOC_POST_K = "foc_post_k"
+CONF_BS_LIMIT = "bs_limit"
+CONF_BS_PRE_KI = "bs_pre_ki"
+CONF_BS_PRE_KP = "bs_pre_kp"
+CONF_BS_POST_KI = "bs_post_ki"
+CONF_BS_POST_KP = "bs_post_kp"
 
 # Packet mode config keys
 CONF_PACKET_MODE = "packet_mode"
@@ -161,6 +171,64 @@ HYST_LEVEL = {
     "High": HystLevel.HYST_LEVEL_HIGH,
 }
 
+FocLimit = ns.enum("FocLimit", True)
+FOC_LIMIT = {
+    "Disabled": FocLimit.FOC_LIMIT_DISABLED,
+    "BW/8": FocLimit.FOC_LIMIT_BW_8,
+    "BW/4": FocLimit.FOC_LIMIT_BW_4,
+    "BW/2": FocLimit.FOC_LIMIT_BW_2,
+}
+
+FocPreK = ns.enum("FocPreK", True)
+FOC_PRE_K = {
+    "K": FocPreK.FOC_PRE_K_K,
+    "2K": FocPreK.FOC_PRE_K_2K,
+    "3K": FocPreK.FOC_PRE_K_3K,
+    "4K": FocPreK.FOC_PRE_K_4K,
+}
+
+FocPostK = ns.enum("FocPostK", True)
+FOC_POST_K = {
+    "Same": FocPostK.FOC_POST_K_SAME,
+    "K/2": FocPostK.FOC_POST_K_K_2,
+}
+
+BsLimit = ns.enum("BsLimit", True)
+BS_LIMIT = {
+    "Disabled": BsLimit.BS_LIMIT_DISABLED,
+    "3.125%": BsLimit.BS_LIMIT_3P125_PERCENT,
+    "6.25%": BsLimit.BS_LIMIT_6P25_PERCENT,
+    "12.5%": BsLimit.BS_LIMIT_12P5_PERCENT,
+}
+
+BsPreKi = ns.enum("BsPreKi", True)
+BS_PRE_KI = {
+    "KI": BsPreKi.BS_PRE_KI_KI,
+    "2KI": BsPreKi.BS_PRE_KI_2KI,
+    "3KI": BsPreKi.BS_PRE_KI_3KI,
+    "4KI": BsPreKi.BS_PRE_KI_4KI,
+}
+
+BsPreKp = ns.enum("BsPreKp", True)
+BS_PRE_KP = {
+    "KP": BsPreKp.BS_PRE_KP_KP,
+    "2KP": BsPreKp.BS_PRE_KP_2KP,
+    "3KP": BsPreKp.BS_PRE_KP_3KP,
+    "4KP": BsPreKp.BS_PRE_KP_4KP,
+}
+
+BsPostKi = ns.enum("BsPostKi", True)
+BS_POST_KI = {
+    "Same": BsPostKi.BS_POST_KI_SAME,
+    "KI/2": BsPostKi.BS_POST_KI_KI_2,
+}
+
+BsPostKp = ns.enum("BsPostKp", True)
+BS_POST_KP = {
+    "Same": BsPostKp.BS_POST_KP_SAME,
+    "KP": BsPostKp.BS_POST_KP_KP,
+}
+
 # Optional settings to generate setter calls for
 CONFIG_MAP = {
     cv.Optional(CONF_OUTPUT_POWER, default=10): cv.float_range(min=-30.0, max=11.0),
@@ -214,6 +282,15 @@ CONFIG_MAP = {
     cv.Optional(CONF_FREEZE): cv.enum(FREEZE, upper=False),
     cv.Optional(CONF_WAIT_TIME, default="32"): cv.enum(WAIT_TIME, upper=False),
     cv.Optional(CONF_HYST_LEVEL): cv.enum(HYST_LEVEL, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_FOC_BS_CS_GATE): cv.boolean,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_FOC_LIMIT): cv.enum(FOC_LIMIT, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_FOC_PRE_K): cv.enum(FOC_PRE_K, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_FOC_POST_K): cv.enum(FOC_POST_K, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BS_LIMIT): cv.enum(BS_LIMIT, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BS_PRE_KI): cv.enum(BS_PRE_KI, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BS_PRE_KP): cv.enum(BS_PRE_KP, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BS_POST_KI): cv.enum(BS_POST_KI, upper=False),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BS_POST_KP): cv.enum(BS_POST_KP, upper=False),
     cv.Optional(CONF_PACKET_MODE, default=False): cv.boolean,
     cv.Optional(CONF_PACKET_LENGTH): cv.uint8_t,
     cv.Optional(CONF_CRC_ENABLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp
index ea0138e1dd..f7b90b91cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp
@@ -672,6 +672,69 @@ void CC1101Component::set_hyst_level(HystLevel value) {
   }
 }
 
+void CC1101Component::set_foc_bs_cs_gate(bool value) {
+  this->state_.FOC_BS_CS_GATE = value ? 1 : 0;
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::FOCCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_foc_limit(FocLimit value) {
+  this->state_.FOC_LIMIT = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::FOCCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_foc_pre_k(FocPreK value) {
+  this->state_.FOC_PRE_K = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::FOCCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_foc_post_k(FocPostK value) {
+  this->state_.FOC_POST_K = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::FOCCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_bs_limit(BsLimit value) {
+  this->state_.BS_LIMIT = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::BSCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_bs_pre_ki(BsPreKi value) {
+  this->state_.BS_PRE_KI = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::BSCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_bs_pre_kp(BsPreKp value) {
+  this->state_.BS_PRE_KP = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::BSCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_bs_post_ki(BsPostKi value) {
+  this->state_.BS_POST_KI = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::BSCFG);
+  }
+}
+
+void CC1101Component::set_bs_post_kp(BsPostKp value) {
+  this->state_.BS_POST_KP = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->initialized_) {
+    this->write_(Register::BSCFG);
+  }
+}
+
 void CC1101Component::set_packet_mode(bool value) {
   this->state_.PKT_FORMAT =
       static_cast<uint8_t>(value ? PacketFormat::PACKET_FORMAT_FIFO : PacketFormat::PACKET_FORMAT_ASYNC_SERIAL);
diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h
index 065ffd5250..79bfc9cb33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h
@@ -71,6 +71,17 @@ class CC1101Component final : public Component,
   void set_wait_time(WaitTime value);
   void set_hyst_level(HystLevel value);
 
+  // Frequency offset compensation and bit synchronization settings
+  void set_foc_bs_cs_gate(bool value);
+  void set_foc_limit(FocLimit value);
+  void set_foc_pre_k(FocPreK value);
+  void set_foc_post_k(FocPostK value);
+  void set_bs_limit(BsLimit value);
+  void set_bs_pre_ki(BsPreKi value);
+  void set_bs_pre_kp(BsPreKp value);
+  void set_bs_post_ki(BsPostKi value);
+  void set_bs_post_kp(BsPostKp value);
+
   // Packet mode settings
   void set_packet_mode(bool value);
   void set_packet_length(uint8_t value);
diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101defs.h b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101defs.h
index 59b29f7478..6748f4369a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101defs.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101defs.h
@@ -231,6 +231,56 @@ enum class HystLevel : uint8_t {
   HYST_LEVEL_HIGH,
 };
 
+enum class FocLimit : uint8_t {
+  FOC_LIMIT_DISABLED,
+  FOC_LIMIT_BW_8,
+  FOC_LIMIT_BW_4,
+  FOC_LIMIT_BW_2,
+};
+
+enum class FocPreK : uint8_t {
+  FOC_PRE_K_K,
+  FOC_PRE_K_2K,
+  FOC_PRE_K_3K,
+  FOC_PRE_K_4K,
+};
+
+enum class FocPostK : uint8_t {
+  FOC_POST_K_SAME,
+  FOC_POST_K_K_2,
+};
+
+enum class BsLimit : uint8_t {
+  BS_LIMIT_DISABLED,
+  BS_LIMIT_3P125_PERCENT,
+  BS_LIMIT_6P25_PERCENT,
+  BS_LIMIT_12P5_PERCENT,
+};
+
+enum class BsPreKi : uint8_t {
+  BS_PRE_KI_KI,
+  BS_PRE_KI_2KI,
+  BS_PRE_KI_3KI,
+  BS_PRE_KI_4KI,
+};
+
+enum class BsPreKp : uint8_t {
+  BS_PRE_KP_KP,
+  BS_PRE_KP_2KP,
+  BS_PRE_KP_3KP,
+  BS_PRE_KP_4KP,
+};
+
+enum class BsPostKi : uint8_t {
+  BS_POST_KI_SAME,
+  BS_POST_KI_KI_2,
+};
+
+enum class BsPostKp : uint8_t {
+  BS_POST_KP_SAME,
+  BS_POST_KP_KP,
+};
+
 enum class PacketFormat : uint8_t {
   PACKET_FORMAT_FIFO,
   PACKET_FORMAT_SYNC_SERIAL,
diff --git a/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py
index d9023a415f..d134d2cf21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["text_sensor"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@habbie"]
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py
index af6866df78..5f7778e186 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DELAY, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor", "voltage_sampler"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@asoehlke"]
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py
index dceaf6f371..670b050271 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cd74hc4067/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CD74HC4067Component, cd74hc4067_ns
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CD74HC4067_ID])
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], parent)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py
index 6a7bace0a2..7f0c5bb95e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ch422g/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_DRAIN,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesterret", "@clydebarrow"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     # Can't use register_i2c_device because there is no CONF_ADDRESS
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 
 # This is used as a final validation step so that modes have been fully transformed.
-def pin_mode_check(pin_config, _):
+def pin_mode_check(pin_config: ConfigType, _: ConfigType) -> None:
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= 8:
         raise cv.Invalid("CH422G only supports input on pins 0-7")
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_OPEN_DRAIN] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] < 8:
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ CH422G_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_CH422G, CH422G_PIN_SCHEMA, pin_mode_check)
-async def ch422g_pin_to_code(config):
+async def ch422g_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CH422G])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py
index e3990ee631..9fbf3ea515 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ch423/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@dwmw2"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     # Can't use register_i2c_device because there is no CONF_ADDRESS
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 
 # This is used as a final validation step so that modes have been fully transformed.
-def pin_mode_check(pin_config, _):
+def pin_mode_check(pin_config: ConfigType, _: ConfigType) -> None:
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= 8:
         raise cv.Invalid("CH423 only supports input on pins 0-7")
     if pin_config[CONF_MODE][CONF_OPEN_DRAIN] and pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] < 8:
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ CH423_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_CH423, CH423_PIN_SCHEMA, pin_mode_check)
-async def ch423_pin_to_code(config):
+async def ch423_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CH423])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py b/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py
index 759e38609e..de974d2a79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py
+++ b/esphome/components/chsc6x/touchscreen.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 chsc6x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("chsc6x")
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
index fc1b0f368e..80dd913fba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
@@ -48,13 +50,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VISUAL,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import (
+    LambdaExpression,
+    MockObj,
+    MockObjClass,
+    TemplateArgsType,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@ VISUAL_TEMPERATURE_STEP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def visual_temperature_step(value):
+def visual_temperature_step(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     # Allow defining target/current temperature steps separately
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return VISUAL_TEMPERATURE_STEP_SCHEMA(value)
@@ -273,8 +281,8 @@ def climate_schema(
 
 
 @setup_entity("climate")
-async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
-    visual = config[CONF_VISUAL]
+async def setup_climate_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    visual = config.get(CONF_VISUAL, {})
     if (min_temp := visual.get(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES")
         cg.add(var.set_visual_min_temperature_override(min_temp))
@@ -443,7 +451,7 @@ async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_climate(var, config):
+async def register_climate(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("climate", config)
@@ -451,7 +459,7 @@ async def register_climate(var, config):
     await setup_climate_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_climate(config, *args):
+async def new_climate(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_climate(var, config)
     return var
@@ -485,7 +493,12 @@ CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def climate_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def climate_control_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     # All configured fields are folded into a single stateless lambda whose
@@ -549,5 +562,5 @@ async def climate_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(climate_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp b/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
index b41ca4a540..6ca9e394f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
@@ -511,29 +511,6 @@ ClimateTraits Climate::get_traits() {
   return traits;
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-void Climate::set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = visual_min_temperature_override;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = visual_max_temperature_override;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current) {
-  this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = target;
-  this->visual_current_temperature_step_override_ = current;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override) {
-  this->visual_min_humidity_override_ = visual_min_humidity_override;
-}
-
-void Climate::set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override) {
-  this->visual_max_humidity_override_ = visual_max_humidity_override;
-}
-#endif
-
 ClimateCall Climate::make_call() { return ClimateCall(this); }
 
 ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
@@ -574,7 +551,14 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
 
 void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
-  climate->mode = this->mode;
+  // A saved mode the device no longer offers cannot be selected again, so skip it and leave the
+  // entity on the mode it already has. The other saved fields are still restored.
+  if (traits.supports_mode(this->mode)) {
+    climate->mode = this->mode;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Saved mode %s is no longer supported, keeping %s", climate->get_name().c_str(),
+             LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(this->mode)), LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(climate->mode)));
+  }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
                                CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     climate->target_temperature_low = this->target_temperature_low;
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate.h b/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
index 04f653a2b0..a906897235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
@@ -228,11 +228,22 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   ClimateTraits get_traits();
 
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current);
-  void set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override);
-  void set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override);
+  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = visual_min_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = visual_max_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current) {
+    this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = target;
+    this->visual_current_temperature_step_override_ = current;
+  }
+  void set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override) {
+    this->visual_min_humidity_override_ = visual_min_humidity_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override) {
+    this->visual_max_humidity_override_ = visual_max_humidity_override;
+  }
 #endif
 
   /// Set the supported custom fan modes (stored on Climate, referenced by ClimateTraits).
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate_traits.h b/esphome/components/climate/climate_traits.h
index 599894c8a9..6c776e0228 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate_traits.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate_traits.h
@@ -205,6 +205,9 @@ class ClimateTraits {
   float get_visual_max_humidity() const { return this->visual_max_humidity_; }
   void set_visual_max_humidity(float visual_max_humidity) { this->visual_max_humidity_ = visual_max_humidity; }
 
+  TemperatureUnit get_temperature_unit() const { return this->temperature_unit_; }
+  void set_temperature_unit(TemperatureUnit unit) { this->temperature_unit_ = unit; }
+
  protected:
   void set_mode_support_(climate::ClimateMode mode, bool supported) {
     if (supported) {
@@ -274,6 +277,7 @@ class ClimateTraits {
   climate::ClimateFanModeMask supported_fan_modes_;
   climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_;
   climate::ClimatePresetMask supported_presets_;
+  TemperatureUnit temperature_unit_{TemperatureUnit::CELSIUS};
 
   /** Custom mode storage - pointers to vectors owned by the Climate base class.
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py
index 5315be3db6..0667bd91a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL,
     CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(
     )
 
 
-async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
+async def register_climate_ir(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await remote_base.register_transmittable(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_supports_cool(config[CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL]))
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
         cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))
 
 
-async def new_climate_ir(config, *args):
+async def new_climate_ir(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config, *args)
     await register_climate_ir(var, config)
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py
index 9c832642ce..255fca9ad1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ CONF_HEADER_LOW = "header_low"
 CONF_BIT_HIGH = "bit_high"
 CONF_BIT_ONE_LOW = "bit_one_low"
 CONF_BIT_ZERO_LOW = "bit_zero_low"
+CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT = "advanced_commands_support"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
     {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(
             CONF_HEADER_HIGH, default="8000us"
         ): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
@@ -34,9 +37,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
 
+    cg.add(var.set_advanced_commands_support(config[CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_high(config[CONF_HEADER_HIGH]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_low(config[CONF_HEADER_LOW]))
     cg.add(var.set_bit_high(config[CONF_BIT_HIGH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
index 588566dd9d..bb612eda7b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
@@ -5,11 +5,85 @@ namespace esphome::climate_ir_lg {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "climate.climate_ir_lg";
 
-// Commands
-const uint32_t COMMAND_MASK = 0xFF000;
-const uint32_t COMMAND_OFF = 0xC0000;
-const uint32_t COMMAND_SWING = 0x10000;
+// All codes provided here are missing the checksum (last 4 bits)
+// this checksum needs to be calculated before sending (look at `calc_checksum_()`)
 
+const uint32_t LG_HEADER = 0x8800000;
+
+// Commands
+const uint32_t COMMAND_HEADER_MASK = 0xFF000;
+const uint32_t COMMAND_DATA_MASK = 0x00FF0;
+const uint32_t CHECKSUM_MASK = 0xF;
+
+enum CommandBasic : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_BASIC = 0x10000,
+  BASIC_SWING_TOGGLE = 0x000,
+
+  // JET MODE (only for cooling/drying/heating modes)
+  // For 30 minutes: max airflow (stronger than F5 aka FAN_MAX) + PO (min/min/max temperature respectively)
+  // After 30 minutes: F5 aka FAN_MAX + min/min/max temperature respectively
+  BASIC_JET = 0x080,
+};
+
+enum CommandSys : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_SYS = 0xC0000,
+
+  COMMAND_OFF = 0x050,
+
+  // Also known as 'auto-dry'
+  AUTO_CLEAN_ON = 0x0B0,
+  AUTO_CLEAN_OFF = 0x0C0,
+
+  PURIFY_ON = 0x000,   // From either OFF or Mode -> Purify
+  PURIFY_OFF = 0x080,  // From Mode + Purify -> Mode
+
+  QUIET_OUTDOOR_ON = 0xA60,
+  QUIET_OUTDOOR_OFF = 0xA70,
+
+  // ENERGY CTRL (only in Cooling mode)
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_80 = 0x7D0,   // 80%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_60 = 0x7E0,   // 60%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_40 = 0x800,   // 40%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_OFF = 0x7F0,  // OFF
+
+  DISPLAY_KW = 0x460,
+  LIGHT_ON_OFF = 0x0A0,
+
+  TEMP_UNIT_F = 0x170,
+  TEMP_UNIT_C = 0x160,
+};
+
+enum CommandAdvSwing : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_ADV_SWING = 0x13000,
+
+  // Only 5 bits are relevant, I got 0x13952 once - not sure what is the 8th bit so ignoring that.
+  ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK = 0x1F0,
+
+  // Commands for Advanced Vertical Control: Swing + 6 fixed positions
+  VERT_FIX_1 = 0x040,  // Down
+  VERT_FIX_2 = 0x050,
+  VERT_FIX_3 = 0x060,
+  VERT_FIX_4 = 0x070,
+  VERT_FIX_5 = 0x080,
+  VERT_FIX_6 = 0x090,      // Up
+  VERT_SWING_ON = 0x140,   // Swing between 1 and 6
+  VERT_SWING_OFF = 0x150,  // Stops immediately
+
+  // Commands for Advanced Horizontal Control: Swing (3 modes) + 5 fixed positions
+  HORI_FIX_1 = 0x0B0,  // Left
+  HORI_FIX_2 = 0x0C0,
+  HORI_FIX_3 = 0x0D0,
+  HORI_FIX_4 = 0x0E0,
+  HORI_FIX_5 = 0x0F0,           // Right
+  HORI_SWING_ON_LEFT = 0x100,   // Swing between 1 and 3
+  HORI_SWING_ON_RIGHT = 0x110,  // Swing between 3 and 5
+  HORI_SWING_ON_FULL = 0x160,   // Swing between 1 and 5
+  HORI_SWING_OFF = 0x170,       // Stops immediately
+};
+
+// Following commands contain mode, fan speed and temperature
+
+// Modes
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_COOL = 0x00000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_DRY = 0x01000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY = 0x02000;
@@ -23,11 +97,13 @@ const uint32_t COMMAND_AI = 0x0B000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_HEAT = 0x0C000;
 
 // Fan speed
-const uint32_t FAN_MASK = 0xF0;
+const uint32_t FAN_SPEED_MASK = 0xF0;
 const uint32_t FAN_AUTO = 0x50;
-const uint32_t FAN_MIN = 0x00;
-const uint32_t FAN_MED = 0x20;
-const uint32_t FAN_MAX = 0x40;
+const uint32_t FAN_MIN = 0x00;  // AKA F1
+const uint32_t FAN_F2 = 0x90;
+const uint32_t FAN_MED = 0x20;  // AKA F3
+const uint32_t FAN_F4 = 0xA0;
+const uint32_t FAN_MAX = 0x40;  // AKA F5
 
 // Temperature
 const uint8_t TEMP_RANGE = TEMP_MAX - TEMP_MIN + 1;
@@ -37,16 +113,37 @@ const uint32_t TEMP_SHIFT = 8;
 const uint16_t BITS = 28;
 
 void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
-  uint32_t remote_state = 0x8800000;
+  uint32_t remote_state = LG_HEADER;
 
-  // ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode_before_ code: 0x%02X", modeBefore_);
+  // ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode_before_ code: 0x%02X", this->modeBefore_);
 
   // Set command
   if (this->send_swing_cmd_) {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = false;
-    remote_state |= COMMAND_SWING;
-  } else {
-    bool climate_is_off = (this->mode_before_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+    if (this->advanced_commands_support_) {
+      switch (this->swing_mode) {
+        case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "setting swing vertical");
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING;
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_ON;
+          break;
+        case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "setting swing off");
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING;
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_OFF;
+          break;
+        default:
+          return;
+      }
+      this->transmit_(remote_state);
+      this->publish_state();
+      return;
+    } else {  // just toggle swing when advanced_commands_support is not set
+      remote_state |= HEADER_BASIC;
+      remote_state |= BASIC_SWING_TOGGLE;
+    }
+  } else {  // Mode commands
+    const bool climate_is_off = (this->mode_before_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
     switch (this->mode) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
         remote_state |= climate_is_off ? COMMAND_ON_COOL : COMMAND_COOL;
@@ -65,8 +162,8 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF:
       default:
-        remote_state |= COMMAND_OFF;
-        break;
+        remote_state |= CommandSys::HEADER_SYS;
+        remote_state |= CommandSys::COMMAND_OFF;
     }
   }
 
@@ -75,9 +172,8 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode code: 0x%02X", this->mode);
 
   // Set fan speed
-  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
-    remote_state |= FAN_AUTO;
-  } else {
+  if (this->mode !=
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {  // https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/10875#issuecomment-5042765948
     switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
         remote_state |= FAN_MAX;
@@ -95,10 +191,20 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
     }
   }
 
-  // Set temperature
-  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-    auto temp = (uint8_t) roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, TEMP_MIN, TEMP_MAX));
-    remote_state |= ((temp - 15) << TEMP_SHIFT);
+  uint8_t temp;
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+      if (!this->advanced_commands_support_) {  // Keep previous behavior
+        break;
+      }
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      temp = static_cast<uint8_t>(roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, TEMP_MIN, TEMP_MAX)));
+      remote_state |= (temp - 15) << TEMP_SHIFT;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
   }
 
   this->transmit_(remote_state);
@@ -124,62 +230,134 @@ bool LgIrClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoded 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state);
-  if ((remote_state & 0xFF00000) != 0x8800000)
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state);
+  if ((remote_state & 0xFF00000) != LG_HEADER)
     return false;
 
-  // Get command
-  if ((remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) == COMMAND_OFF) {
-    this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
-  } else if ((remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) == COMMAND_SWING) {
-    this->swing_mode =
-        this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF ? climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL : climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
-  } else {
-    switch (remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) {
-      case COMMAND_DRY:
-      case COMMAND_ON_DRY:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_FAN_ONLY:
-      case COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_AI:
-      case COMMAND_ON_AI:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_HEAT:
-      case COMMAND_ON_HEAT:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_COOL:
-      case COMMAND_ON_COOL:
-      default:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Get fan speed
-    if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL) {
-      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-    } else if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY ||
-               this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-      if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_AUTO) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MIN) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MED) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MAX) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+  // Decode commands
+  switch (remote_state & COMMAND_HEADER_MASK) {
+    case CommandSys::HEADER_SYS:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got system command! With data: 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK);
+      if ((remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK) == CommandSys::COMMAND_OFF) {
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got advanced swing command! With data: 0x%02" PRIX32,
+               remote_state & CommandAdvSwing::ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK);
+      switch (remote_state & CommandAdvSwing::ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK) {
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_ON:
+          this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+          break;
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_OFF:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_1:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_2:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_3:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_4:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_5:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_6:
+          this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+          break;
+        default:
+          return false;  // Ignore all other (horizontal) swing commands
       }
-    }
 
-    // Get temperature
-    if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-      this->target_temperature = ((remote_state & TEMP_MASK) >> TEMP_SHIFT) + 15;
-    }
+      this->publish_state();
+      return true;
+
+    case HEADER_BASIC:
+      if ((remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK) == BASIC_JET) {
+        switch (this->mode) {
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY:
+            this->target_temperature =
+                this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT ? this->maximum_temperature_ : this->minimum_temperature_;
+            this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+            // When enabling PO(WER) also known as JET mode, swing is set to VERT_3, but after 30 mins it will switch
+            // back to what it was before, so let's just not change it here it at all
+            this->publish_state();
+            return true;
+          default:
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got jet command, but current mode does not support it! Ignoring.");
+            return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Keep previous behavior in case of other BASIC command
+      if (this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF) {  // Just flip between vertical and off
+        this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+      } else {
+        this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+      }
+      this->publish_state();
+      return true;
+    // Following commands also contain fan speed and temperature, so no 'return' in these cases
+    case COMMAND_DRY:
+    case COMMAND_ON_DRY:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_FAN_ONLY:
+    case COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_AI:
+    case COMMAND_ON_AI:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_HEAT:
+    case COMMAND_ON_HEAT:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_COOL:
+    case COMMAND_ON_COOL:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got unknown command! Ignoring!");
+      return false;
   }
+
+  // Decode fan speed
+  switch (remote_state & FAN_SPEED_MASK) {
+    case FAN_AUTO:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MIN:
+    case FAN_F2:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MED:
+    case FAN_F4:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MAX:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got unknown fan speed! Ignoring!");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // Keep previous behavior
+  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL && !(this->advanced_commands_support_)) {
+    this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+  }
+
+  // Decode temperature for modes that support it
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      this->target_temperature = ((remote_state & TEMP_MASK) >> TEMP_SHIFT) + 15;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  this->mode_before_ = this->mode;
   this->publish_state();
 
   return true;
@@ -207,14 +385,14 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_(uint32_t value) {
   data->mark(this->bit_high_);
   transmit.perform();
 }
+
 void LgIrClimate::calc_checksum_(uint32_t &value) {
-  uint32_t mask = 0xF;
   uint32_t sum = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) {
-    sum += (value & (mask << (i * 4))) >> (i * 4);
+    sum += (value & (CHECKSUM_MASK << (i * 4))) >> (i * 4);
   }
 
-  value |= (sum & mask);
+  value |= (sum & CHECKSUM_MASK);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::climate_ir_lg
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
index 341f0a4ef1..c9c0c0c005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ class LgIrClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   /// Override control to change settings of the climate device.
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = call.get_swing_mode().has_value();
-    // swing resets after unit powered off
+    // swing resets after unit powered off, except when advanced_commands_support_ is set
     auto mode = call.get_mode();
-    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
+    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF && !(this->advanced_commands_support_))
       this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
+  void set_advanced_commands_support(bool value) { this->advanced_commands_support_ = value; }
   void set_header_high(uint32_t header_high) { this->header_high_ = header_high; }
   void set_header_low(uint32_t header_low) { this->header_low_ = header_low; }
   void set_bit_high(uint32_t bit_high) { this->bit_high_ = bit_high; }
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class LgIrClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void calc_checksum_(uint32_t &value);
   void transmit_(uint32_t value);
 
+  bool advanced_commands_support_{false};
   uint32_t header_high_;
   uint32_t header_low_;
   uint32_t bit_high_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
index 3c82fac977..936c5fc673 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andrewjswan"]
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Code generation entry point."""
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -67,7 +70,12 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args) -> None:
+async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     """Service code generation entry point."""
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/color/__init__.py b/esphome/components/color/__init__.py
index c39c5924af..70240eff07 100644
--- a/esphome/components/color/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/color/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import codegen as cg, config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BLUE, CONF_GREEN, CONF_ID, CONF_RED, CONF_WHITE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ColorStruct = cg.esphome_ns.struct("Color")
 
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ CONF_WHITE_INT = "white_int"
 CONF_HEX = "hex"
 
 
-def hex_color(value):
+def hex_color(value: Any) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
     if isinstance(value, int):
         value = str(value)
     if not isinstance(value, str):
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ components = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_color(config):
+def validate_color(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     has_components = set(config) & components
     has_hex = CONF_HEX in config
     if has_hex and has_components:
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def from_rgbw(config):
+def from_rgbw(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
     r = 0
     if CONF_RED in config:
         r = int(config[CONF_RED] * 255)
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ def from_rgbw(config):
     return (r, g, b, w)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CONF_HEX in config:
         r, g, b = config[CONF_HEX]
         w = 0
diff --git a/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py b/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py
index 045ab265cd..7686ede155 100644
--- a/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/color_temperature/light.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT_ID,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
index 327cedee1e..ccc5a03964 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ KALMAN_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _migrate_coeffecient(config):
+def _migrate_coeffecient(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Migrate deprecated 'coeffecient' spelling to 'coefficient'."""
     if CONF_COEFFECIENT in config:
         if CONF_COEFFICIENT in config:
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/const/__init__.py b/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
index 85878a6306..10710c8d29 100644
--- a/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
@@ -10,34 +10,45 @@ CONF_ACCELEROMETER_RANGE = "accelerometer_range"
 CONF_B_CONSTANT = "b_constant"
 CONF_BREATH_VOC_EQUIVALENT = "breath_voc_equivalent"
 CONF_BYTE_ORDER = "byte_order"
+CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS = "channel_colors"
 CONF_CLIMATE_ID = "climate_id"
 CONF_CO2_EQUIVALENT = "co2_equivalent"
 CONF_COLOR_DEPTH = "color_depth"
 CONF_CRC_ENABLE = "crc_enable"
 CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
 CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING = "draw_rounding"
+CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION = "enable_ota_downgrade_protection"
 CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
 CONF_GYROSCOPE_ODR = "gyroscope_odr"
 CONF_GYROSCOPE_RANGE = "gyroscope_range"
 CONF_IAQ = "iaq"
 CONF_IGNORE_NOT_FOUND = "ignore_not_found"
+CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
+CONF_LABEL = "label"
 CONF_LIBRETINY = "libretiny"
 CONF_LOOP = "loop"
+CONF_NOX_INDEX = "nox_index"
 CONF_ON_PACKET = "on_packet"
 CONF_ON_RECEIVE = "on_receive"
+CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"
 CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE = "on_state_change"
 CONF_PARITY = "parity"
 CONF_RECEIVER_FREQUENCY = "receiver_frequency"
 CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS = "request_headers"
 CONF_ROWS = "rows"
+CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
 CONF_SHA256 = "sha256"
+CONF_SLOT = "slot"
 CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL = "state_save_interval"
 CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
+CONF_TARGET_COUNT = "target_count"
 CONF_USE_PSRAM = "use_psram"
+CONF_VOC_INDEX = "voc_index"
 CONF_VOLUME_INCREMENT = "volume_increment"
 CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL = "volume_initial"
 CONF_VOLUME_MAX = "volume_max"
 CONF_VOLUME_MIN = "volume_min"
+CONF_WINDOW = "window"
 
 ICON_CURRENT_DC = "mdi:current-dc"
 ICON_SOLAR_PANEL = "mdi:solar-panel"
diff --git a/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py b/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py
index 1ebcff3c1b..3eb8dbe2f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/coolix/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ CoolixClimate = coolix_ns.class_("CoolixClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(CoolixClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 840200409f..cc8492f21e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py
index 8028d6a217..768131bbe5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await button.register_button(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py
index ff5bef5668..d23602fa74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py
index a208e5f80a..ffa414c5f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import fan
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py
index 46bc08273e..8d9c4b6eca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import lock
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await lock.new_lock(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py
index 3e2bbf2aae..9659a605f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/number/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await number.new_number(config, min_value=0, max_value=0, step=0)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py
index d7ddc52c44..97776b1edd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/select/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_ID, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await select.register_select(var, config, options=[])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py
index 57ca06aca7..5468798047 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py
index ee27e38c5f..0e714540f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/switch/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py
index f1ca404b7b..59fdce6c96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import text
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_MODE, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text.new_text(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 7b38ff1a64..146beae5ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import copy_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
index 839ca532e6..011b2c2f04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     setup_entity,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObj, MockObjClass
-from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType, TemplateArgsType
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
@@ -131,7 +131,9 @@ _COVER_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_MQTT_JSON_STATE_PAYLOAD): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.boolean
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_POSITION_COMMAND_TOPIC): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.subscribe_topic
             ),
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ _COVER_SCHEMA = (
 _COVER_SCHEMA.add_extra(entity_duplicate_validator("cover"))
 
 
-def _validate_mqtt_state_topics(config):
+def _validate_mqtt_state_topics(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config.get(CONF_MQTT_JSON_STATE_PAYLOAD):
         if CONF_POSITION_STATE_TOPIC in config:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ def cover_schema(
 
 
 @setup_entity("cover")
-async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_cover_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     setup_device_class(config)
 
     if CONF_ON_OPEN in config:
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_cover(var, config):
+async def register_cover(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("cover", config)
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@ async def register_cover(var, config):
     await setup_cover_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_cover(config, *args):
+async def new_cover(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_cover(var, config)
     return var
@@ -257,7 +259,12 @@ COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.open", OpenAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_open_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_open_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -265,7 +272,12 @@ async def cover_open_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.close", CloseAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_close_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_close_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -273,7 +285,12 @@ async def cover_close_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.stop", StopAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -281,7 +298,12 @@ async def cover_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "cover.toggle", ToggleAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def cover_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def cover_toggle_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -419,5 +441,5 @@ automation.register_condition(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(cover_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp b/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp
index e98a555fe5..dc2db3bf32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp
@@ -135,10 +135,6 @@ CoverCall &CoverCall::set_stop(bool stop) {
   this->stop_ = stop;
   return *this;
 }
-bool CoverCall::get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
-
-CoverCall Cover::make_call() { return {this}; }
-
 void Cover::publish_state(bool save) {
   this->position = clamp(this->position, 0.0f, 1.0f);
   this->tilt = clamp(this->tilt, 0.0f, 1.0f);
@@ -184,9 +180,6 @@ optional<CoverRestoreState> Cover::restore_state_() {
   return recovered;
 }
 
-bool Cover::is_fully_open() const { return this->position == COVER_OPEN; }
-bool Cover::is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == COVER_CLOSED; }
-
 CoverCall CoverRestoreState::to_call(Cover *cover) {
   auto call = cover->make_call();
   auto traits = cover->get_traits();
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/cover.h b/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
index 9a75e68487..8bf45cfb57 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class CoverCall {
   void perform();
 
   const optional<float> &get_position() const;
-  bool get_stop() const;
+  bool get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
   const optional<float> &get_tilt() const;
   const optional<bool> &get_toggle() const;
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase {
   float tilt{COVER_OPEN};
 
   /// Construct a new cover call used to control the cover.
-  CoverCall make_call();
+  CoverCall make_call() { return {this}; }
 
   template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&f) { this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(f)); }
 
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase {
   virtual CoverTraits get_traits() = 0;
 
   /// Helper method to check if the cover is fully open. Equivalent to comparing .position against 1.0
-  bool is_fully_open() const;
+  bool is_fully_open() const { return this->position == COVER_OPEN; }
   /// Helper method to check if the cover is fully closed. Equivalent to comparing .position against 0.0
-  bool is_fully_closed() const;
+  bool is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == COVER_CLOSED; }
 
  protected:
   friend CoverCall;
diff --git a/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
index 0c6ae0d821..5f14457101 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@balrog-kun"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ CONF_VOLTAGE_HPF = "voltage_hpf"
 CONF_PULSE_ENERGY = "pulse_energy"
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     current_gain = abs(config[CONF_CURRENT_GAIN]) * (
         1.0 if config[CONF_PGA_GAIN] == "10X" else 5.0
     )
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
@@ -138,6 +141,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def restart_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def restart_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py
index 7e8caf1ae1..b53ed26ca3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7761/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@berfenger"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py
index 94ed66d7cc..a1a68e18e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7766/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 324d794772..7fd81f6c18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst226_ns
 from ..touchscreen import CST226ButtonListener, CST226Touchscreen
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CST226_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 62c2e3b20a..459cba61cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst226_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst328/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..374df64898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+cst328_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cst328")
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33e68a112b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import cst328_ns
+from ..touchscreen import CST328ButtonListener, CST328Touchscreen
+
+CONF_CST328_ID = "cst328_id"
+
+CST328Button = cst328_ns.class_(
+    "CST328Button",
+    binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
+    cg.Component,
+    CST328ButtonListener,
+    cg.Parented.template(CST328Touchscreen),
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(CST328Button).extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_CST328_ID): cv.use_id(CST328Touchscreen),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CST328_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/cst328_button.cpp b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/cst328_button.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b58f4b4b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/cst328_button.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "cst328_button.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::cst328 {
+static const char *const TAG = "cst328.binary_sensor";
+
+void CST328Button::setup() {
+  this->parent_->register_button_listener(this);
+  this->publish_initial_state(false);
+}
+
+void CST328Button::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "CST328 Button", this); }
+
+void CST328Button::update_button(bool state) { this->publish_state(state); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::cst328
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/cst328_button.h b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/cst328_button.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9ed4785e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/binary_sensor/cst328_button.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "../touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.h"
+
+namespace esphome::cst328 {
+
+class CST328Button : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor,
+                     public Component,
+                     public CST328ButtonListener,
+                     public Parented<CST328Touchscreen> {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update_button(bool state) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::cst328
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bc7744b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import cst328_ns
+
+CST328Touchscreen = cst328_ns.class_(
+    "CST328Touchscreen",
+    touchscreen.Touchscreen,
+    i2c.I2CDevice,
+)
+
+CST328ButtonListener = cst328_ns.class_("CST328ButtonListener")
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    touchscreen.touchscreen_schema("100ms")
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CST328Touchscreen),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x1A))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
+    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)))
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e1a2ebf72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#include "cst328_touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::cst328 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "cst328.touchscreen";
+
+static const uint32_t CST328_BEFORE_RESET_TIMEOUT = 50;  // 50 ms from datasheet
+static const uint32_t CST328_TRANSITION_TIMEOUT = 300;   // 200 ms from datasheet, but typically much less
+static const uint16_t CST328_FW_CRC = 0xCACA;            // Expected firmware CRC value
+static const uint8_t CST328_SYNC_BYTE = 0xAB;            // Sync byte used in communication
+
+static const uint8_t ZERO_BYTE = 0;
+
+#define I2C_WARN_ON_ERROR(x, log_tag, format, ...) \
+  do { \
+    i2c::ErrorCode err_rc_ = (x); \
+    if (err_rc_ != i2c::ERROR_OK) { \
+      ESP_LOGW(log_tag, "%s(%d): [error %d] " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, err_rc_, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+      this->status_set_warning(format); \
+    } \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define I2C_FAIL_ON_ERROR(x, log_tag, format, ...) \
+  do { \
+    i2c::ErrorCode err_rc_ = (x); \
+    if (err_rc_ != i2c::ERROR_OK) { \
+      ESP_LOGE(log_tag, "%s(%d): [error %d] " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, err_rc_, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+      this->mark_failed(); \
+      return; \
+    } \
+  } while (0)
+
+void CST328Touchscreen::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up CST328 Touchscreen...");
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->setup();
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    this->set_timeout(CST328_BEFORE_RESET_TIMEOUT, [this] { this->reset_device_(); });
+  } else {
+    this->continue_setup_();
+  }
+}
+
+void CST328Touchscreen::reset_device_() {
+  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  delay(5);
+  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  this->set_timeout(CST328_TRANSITION_TIMEOUT, [this] { this->continue_setup_(); });
+}
+
+void CST328Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Continuing CST328 setup...");
+
+  uint8_t data_byte{0};
+  uint8_t buf[24]{};
+
+  I2C_FAIL_ON_ERROR(this->write_register16(CST_WM_DEBUG_INFO, buf, 0), TAG, "Failed to enter debug/info mode");
+  I2C_FAIL_ON_ERROR(this->read_register16(CST_REG_FW_CRC_AND_BOOT_TIME, buf, 4), TAG,
+                    "Failed to read FW CRC and boot time");
+
+  uint16_t fw_crc = buf[2] + (buf[3] << 8);
+  if (fw_crc != CST328_FW_CRC) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: Firmware CRC mismatch, expected 0x%04X but got 0x%04X", CST328_FW_CRC, fw_crc);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  I2C_FAIL_ON_ERROR(this->read_register16(CST_REG_CHIP_TYPE_AND_PROJECT_ID, buf, 4), TAG,
+                    "Failed to read chip and project ID");
+
+  this->chip_id_ = buf[2] + (buf[3] << 8);
+  this->project_id_ = buf[0] + (buf[1] << 8);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Chip ID %X, project ID %X", this->chip_id_, this->project_id_);
+  I2C_FAIL_ON_ERROR(this->read_register16(CST_REG_FW_REVISION, buf, 4), TAG, "Failed to read FW version");
+
+  this->fw_ver_major_ = buf[3];
+  this->fw_ver_minor_ = buf[2];
+  this->fw_build_ = buf[0] + (buf[1] << 8);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "FW version %d.%d.%d", this->fw_ver_major_, this->fw_ver_minor_, this->fw_build_);
+
+  if (i2c::ERROR_OK == this->read_register16(CST_REG_X_Y_RESOLUTION, buf, 4)) {
+    this->x_raw_max_ = buf[0] + (buf[1] << 8);
+    this->y_raw_max_ = buf[2] + (buf[3] << 8);
+  } else {
+    this->x_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_width();
+    this->y_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_height();
+  }
+
+  I2C_WARN_ON_ERROR(this->write_register16(CST_WM_NORMAL, buf, 0), TAG, "Failed to enter normal mode");
+  I2C_WARN_ON_ERROR(this->read_register16(CST_REG_TOUCH_INFORMATION, &data_byte, 1), TAG, "Failed to read sync");
+  I2C_WARN_ON_ERROR(this->write_register16(CST_REG_TOUCH_INFORMATION, &CST328_SYNC_BYTE, 1), TAG,
+                    "Failed to write sync");
+
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+  }
+
+  this->setup_complete_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "CST328 setup complete");
+}
+
+void CST328Touchscreen::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "CST328 Touchscreen:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Chip ID: 0x%04X, Project ID: 0x%04X", this->chip_id_, this->project_id_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  FW version: %d.%d.%d", this->fw_ver_major_, this->fw_ver_minor_, this->fw_build_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  X/Y resolution: %d/%d", this->x_raw_max_, this->y_raw_max_);
+}
+
+void CST328Touchscreen::update_button_state_(bool state) {
+  if (this->button_touched_ == state) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->button_touched_ = state;
+  for (auto *listener : this->button_listeners_) {
+    listener->update_button(state);
+  }
+}
+
+void CST328Touchscreen::update_touches() {
+  if (!this->setup_complete_) {
+    this->skip_update_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t touch_data[CST328_TOUCH_DATA_SIZE];
+
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  if (i2c::ERROR_OK != this->read_register16(CST_REG_TOUCH_INFORMATION, touch_data, CST328_TOUCH_DATA_SIZE)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to read touch data");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    this->skip_update_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t touch_cnt = touch_data[CST_REG_FINGER_COUNT_IDX] & 0x0F;
+  if (touch_cnt == 0 || touch_cnt > CST328_TOUCH_MAX_POINTS) {
+    this->update_button_state_(false);
+  } else {
+    this->update_button_state_(true);
+
+    uint8_t data_idx = 0;
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < touch_cnt; i++) {
+      uint8_t id = touch_data[data_idx] >> 4;
+      int16_t x = (touch_data[data_idx + 1] << 4) | ((touch_data[data_idx + 3] >> 4) & 0x0F);
+      int16_t y = (touch_data[data_idx + 2] << 4) | (touch_data[data_idx + 3] & 0x0F);
+      int16_t z = touch_data[data_idx + 4];
+
+      this->add_raw_touch_position_(id, x, y, z);
+      data_idx += (i == 0) ? 7 : 5;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool cleanup_error = false;
+  cleanup_error |= (i2c::ERROR_OK != this->write_register16(CST_REG_TOUCH_FINGER_NUMBER, &ZERO_BYTE, 1));
+  cleanup_error |= (i2c::ERROR_OK != this->write_register16(CST_REG_TOUCH_INFORMATION, &CST328_SYNC_BYTE, 1));
+
+  if (cleanup_error) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to clean up touch registers");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::cst328
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.h b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..234ec6eee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::cst328 {
+
+static const uint8_t CST328_TOUCH_MAX_POINTS = 5;
+static const uint8_t CST328_TOUCH_DATA_SIZE = CST328_TOUCH_MAX_POINTS * 5 + 2;
+
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_TOUCH_INFORMATION = 0xD000;
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_TOUCH_FINGER_NUMBER = 0xD005;
+
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_FINGER_COUNT_IDX = CST_REG_TOUCH_FINGER_NUMBER - CST_REG_TOUCH_INFORMATION;
+
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_X_Y_RESOLUTION = 0xD1F8;
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_FW_CRC_AND_BOOT_TIME = 0xD1FC;
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_CHIP_TYPE_AND_PROJECT_ID = 0xD204;
+static const uint16_t CST_REG_FW_REVISION = 0xD208;
+
+static const uint16_t CST_WM_DEBUG_INFO = 0xD101;
+static const uint16_t CST_WM_NORMAL = 0xD109;
+
+class CST328ButtonListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void update_button(bool state) = 0;
+};
+
+class CST328Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void register_button_listener(CST328ButtonListener *listener) { this->button_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
+
+ protected:
+  void update_touches() override;
+  void reset_device_();
+  void continue_setup_();
+  void update_button_state_(bool state);
+
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{};
+
+  std::vector<CST328ButtonListener *> button_listeners_;
+  bool button_touched_{};
+
+  uint16_t chip_id_{};
+  uint16_t project_id_{};
+  uint8_t fw_ver_major_{};
+  uint8_t fw_ver_minor_{};
+  uint16_t fw_build_{};
+
+  bool setup_complete_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::cst328
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 288ca17593..029a544a91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst816_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x15))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 6d8fc5e2f6..393685e67b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import cst9220_ns
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py
index 6ad7990e80..8ef211cb24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ct_clamp/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_AMPERE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py b/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py
index 99952adb12..a552956082 100644
--- a/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/current_based/cover.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_OPEN_SENSOR = "open_sensor"
 CONF_OPEN_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD = "open_moving_current_threshold"
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cwww/light.py b/esphome/components/cwww/light.py
index 50d84a582d..90fe6d0bad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cwww/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cwww/light.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 cwww_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cwww")
 CWWWLightOutput = cwww_ns.class_("CWWWLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py
index 842c84832e..668cc87cec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dac7678/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@NickB1"]
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_internal_reference(config[CONF_INTERNAL_REFERENCE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py b/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py
index cb7739242c..8bc9e119c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dac7678/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import DAC7678Output, dac7678_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DAC7678_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py b/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py
index 7f0226143b..c9f9cb189f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ DaikinClimate = daikin_ns.class_("DaikinClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py
index dbaf12d959..210ec6987e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ DaikinArcClimate = daikin_arc_ns.class_("DaikinArcClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinArcClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py b/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py
index 5b7a4631a9..c5c1d3739e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -16,6 +17,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinBrcClimate).ext
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py
index 3d35881722..c441504947 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dallas_temp/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 dallas_temp_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dallas_temp")
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await one_wire.register_one_wire_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py
index 87f00ce507..ba0be4d3a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@s1lvi0"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py
index 95a2ae3b44..2b6ceffff1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMS_DALY_ID, DalyBmsComponent
 
@@ -27,13 +29,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_binary_sensor")(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMS_DALY_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py
index aa92cfa86a..3e91fb280a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/sensor.py
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMS_DALY_ID, DalyBmsComponent
 
@@ -222,13 +224,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMS_DALY_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py
index 9f4e2df85a..1a91081bbf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/daly_bms/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_STATUS
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BMS_DALY_ID, DalyBmsComponent
 
@@ -23,13 +25,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(sens))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BMS_DALY_ID])
     for key in TYPES:
         await setup_conf(config, key, hub)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py
index 000db307b9..906e9762bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import base64
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import secrets
+from typing import Any
 
-import requests
 from ruamel.yaml import YAML
 
 from esphome import git
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.components.packages import validate_source_shorthand
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_PROJECT, CONF_REF, CONF_WIFI
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.yaml_util import dump
 
 dashboard_import_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dashboard_import")
@@ -22,14 +24,14 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 
-def validate_import_url(value):
+def validate_import_url(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     value = cv.Length(max=255)(value)
     validate_source_shorthand(value)
     return value
 
 
-def validate_full_url(config):
+def validate_full_url(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not config[CONF_IMPORT_FULL_CONFIG]:
         return config
     source = validate_source_shorthand(config[CONF_PACKAGE_IMPORT_URL])
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_ESPHOME]
     if CONF_PROJECT not in full_config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ wifi:
 """
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_DASHBOARD_IMPORT")
     url = config[CONF_PACKAGE_IMPORT_URL]
     if config[CONF_IMPORT_FULL_CONFIG]:
@@ -108,13 +110,20 @@ def import_config(
 
     if git_file.query and "full_config" in git_file.query:
         url = git_file.raw_url
-        try:
-            req = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
+
+        # Deferred so config-time imports of this component stay light;
+        # http_request does the lazy import for the request itself.
+        import requests
+
+        def _fetch() -> str:
+            req = http_request("GET", url, timeout=30)
             req.raise_for_status()
+            return req.text
+
+        try:
+            contents = fetch_with_retry(url, _fetch, what="Import")
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
             raise ValueError(f"Error while fetching {url}: {e}") from e
-
-        contents = req.text
         yaml = YAML()
         loaded_yaml = yaml.load(contents)
         if (
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
index 87997daa3d..f8b6446006 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_YEAR,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rfdarter", "@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ DATETIME_MODES = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate_time_present(config):
+def _validate_time_present(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = config.copy()
     if CONF_ON_TIME in config and CONF_TIME_ID not in config:
         time_id = cv.use_id(time.RealTimeClock)(None)
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ def datetime_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
 
 
 @setup_entity("datetime")
-async def setup_datetime_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_datetime_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
         await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ async def setup_datetime_core_(var, config):
         await cg.register_parented(trigger, var)
 
 
-async def register_datetime(var, config):
+async def register_datetime(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     entity_type = config[CONF_TYPE].lower()
@@ -169,14 +170,14 @@ async def register_datetime(var, config):
     await setup_datetime_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_datetime(config, *args):
+async def new_datetime(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_datetime(var, config)
     return var
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(datetime_ns.using)
 
 
@@ -193,7 +194,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def datetime_date_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def datetime_date_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(action_var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -226,7 +232,12 @@ async def datetime_date_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def datetime_time_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def datetime_time_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(action_var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -259,7 +270,12 @@ async def datetime_time_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def datetime_datetime_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def datetime_datetime_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(action_var, config[CONF_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp
index 997aec3f69..b99b89259f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.cpp
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ void DateEntity::publish_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-DateCall DateEntity::make_call() { return DateCall(this); }
-
 void DateCall::validate_() {
   if (this->year_.has_value() && (this->year_ < 1970 || this->year_ > 3000)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Year must be between 1970 and 3000");
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
index 9b86c12228..93ce1411f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ class DateCall {
   optional<uint8_t> day_;
 };
 
+inline DateCall DateEntity::make_call() { return DateCall(this); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class DateSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DateEntity> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, date)
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp
index a8e00d6eb3..8f180fd081 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.cpp
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ void DateTimeEntity::publish_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-DateTimeCall DateTimeEntity::make_call() { return DateTimeCall(this); }
-
 ESPTime DateTimeEntity::state_as_esptime() const {
   ESPTime obj;
   obj.year = this->year_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h
index 159e4ccc6f..fec620b5ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ class DateTimeCall {
   optional<uint8_t> second_;
 };
 
+inline DateTimeCall DateTimeEntity::make_call() { return DateTimeCall(this); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class DateTimeSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DateTimeEntity> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, datetime)
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp
index 1cc9eaf2fb..da4c9eb31e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ void TimeEntity::publish_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-TimeCall TimeEntity::make_call() { return TimeCall(this); }
-
 void TimeCall::validate_() {
   if (this->hour_.has_value() && this->hour_ > 23) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Hour must be between 0 and 23");
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h
index 643f4bd176..736e26f4a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ class TimeCall {
   optional<uint8_t> second_;
 };
 
+inline TimeCall TimeEntity::make_call() { return TimeCall(this); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class TimeSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<TimeEntity> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, time)
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py b/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py
index dc032f442e..a889d13329 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["logger"]
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("HWINFO", True)
         # gdb thread support
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
         "debug_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
         "debug_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
-        "debug_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "debug_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "debug_libretiny.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
index 7c01f9b54f..969cd840cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include <esp_sleep.h>
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reset_buffer));
   const char *wakeup_cause = get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE>(wakeup_buffer));
 
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
index 1cc04dcbd8..55b29310a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
            "LibreTiny debug info:\n"
            "  Version: %s\n"
-           "  Chip: %s (%04x) @ %u MHz\n"
+           "  Chip: %s (%04x) @ %" PRIu32 " MHz\n"
            "  Chip ID: 0x%06" PRIX32 "\n"
            "  Board: %s\n"
            "  Flash: %" PRIu32 " KiB\n"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
            lt_get_board_code(), flash_kib, ram_kib, reset_reason);
 
   pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Version: ");
-  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, &LT_BANNER_STR[10]);
   pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Reset Reason: ");
   pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reset_reason);
   pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Chip Name: ");
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp
similarity index 83%
rename from esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp
index adc23dbf51..4ace4be0a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #include "debug_component.h"
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <hardware/clocks.h>
 #include <hardware/watchdog.h>
 #if defined(PICO_RP2350)
 #include <hardware/structs/powman.h>
 #else
 #include <hardware/structs/vreg_and_chip_reset.h>
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
 namespace esphome::debug {
 
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
 
   if (watchdog_caused_reboot()) {
     bool handled = false;
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-    if (rp2040::crash_handler_has_data()) {
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+    if (rp2::crash_handler_has_data()) {
       pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Crash (HardFault)|");
       handled = true;
     }
@@ -68,13 +69,14 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
 
 const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
-uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return ::rp2040.getFreeHeap(); }
+// RAMAllocator already implements the free-heap calculation for this platform, so it is not duplicated here.
+uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return RAMAllocator<uint8_t>().get_free_heap_size(); }
 
 size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer, size_t pos) {
   constexpr size_t size = DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE;
   char *buf = buffer.data();
 
-  uint32_t cpu_freq = ::rp2040.f_cpu();
+  uint32_t cpu_freq = clock_get_hz(clk_sys);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32, cpu_freq);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32, cpu_freq);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py b/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py
index a018ce5c3b..72e2efebc2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/sensor.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
     CONF_DEBUG_ID,
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     debug_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DEBUG_ID])
 
     if free_conf := config.get(CONF_FREE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py
index c69b8d9461..9d4fcc1b42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/text_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_CHIP,
     ICON_RESTART,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
     CONF_DEBUG_ID,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     debug_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DEBUG_ID])
 
     if CONF_DEVICE in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
index 9666c8e507..dc03708645 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SECOND,
     CONF_SLEEP_DURATION,
     CONF_TIME_ID,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_WAKEUP_PIN,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
@@ -37,7 +38,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 WAKEUP_PINS = {
@@ -161,6 +163,11 @@ def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                     "You need to remove the global wakeup_pin_mode and define it per pin"
                 )
             if wakeup_pins:
+                if CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE in wakeup_pins[0]:
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        "Specify wakeup_pin_mode either at the top level under deep_sleep "
+                        "or under the pin entry, not both"
+                    )
                 wakeup_pins[0][CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE] = config.pop(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE)
     elif (
         isinstance(config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN), list)
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_ex1_wakeup_mode(value):
+def _validate_ex1_wakeup_mode(value: str) -> str:
     if value == "ALL_LOW":
         esp32.only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_ESP32], msg_prefix="ALL_LOW")(value)
     if value == "ANY_LOW":
@@ -234,6 +241,15 @@ EXT1_WAKEUP_MODES = {
 }
 WakeupCauseToRunDuration = deep_sleep_ns.struct("WakeupCauseToRunDuration")
 
+WakeupCause = deep_sleep_ns.enum("WakeupCause")
+WakeTrigger = deep_sleep_ns.class_(
+    "WakeTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(WakeupCause), cg.Component
+)
+Ext1WakeTrigger = deep_sleep_ns.class_(
+    "Ext1WakeTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(), cg.Component
+)
+
+CONF_ON_WAKE = "on_wake"
 CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE = "wakeup_pin_mode"
 CONF_ESP32_EXT1_WAKEUP = "esp32_ext1_wakeup"
 CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP = "touch_wakeup"
@@ -256,6 +272,22 @@ WAKEUP_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
+EXT1_WAKEUP_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_PIN): cv.All(
+            pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema, validate_pin_number_esp32
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WAKE): automation.validate_automation(
+            {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(Ext1WakeTrigger)}
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+# Entries that are not in the {pin: ..., on_wake: ...} form are treated as a
+# bare pin config (the original syntax, e.g. a plain "GPIO5" or {number: 5}).
+validate_ext1_wakeup_pin = cv.maybe_simple_value(EXT1_WAKEUP_PIN_SCHEMA, key=CONF_PIN)
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -282,8 +314,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 cv.Schema(
                     {
                         cv.Required(CONF_PINS): cv.ensure_list(
-                            pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
-                            validate_pin_number_esp32,
+                            validate_ext1_wakeup_pin,
                         ),
                         cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.All(
                             cv.enum(EXT1_WAKEUP_MODES, upper=True),
@@ -292,6 +323,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     }
                 ),
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WAKE): cv.All(
+                cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_BK72XX]),
+                automation.validate_automation(
+                    {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(WakeTrigger)}
+                ),
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32,
                 esp32.only_on_variant(
@@ -314,7 +351,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -323,7 +360,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CONF_WAKEUP_PIN in config:
         pins_as_list = config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN, [])
         if CORE.is_bk72xx:
-            cg.add(var.init_wakeup_pins_(len(pins_as_list)))
+            cg.add(var.init_wakeup_pins(len(pins_as_list)))
             for item in pins_as_list:
                 cg.add(
                     var.add_wakeup_pin(
@@ -362,16 +399,27 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
             cg.add(var.set_run_duration(wakeup_cause_to_run_duration))
 
-    if CONF_ESP32_EXT1_WAKEUP in config:
-        conf = config[CONF_ESP32_EXT1_WAKEUP]
+    if (ext1_conf := config.get(CONF_ESP32_EXT1_WAKEUP)) is not None:
         mask = 0
-        for pin in conf[CONF_PINS]:
-            mask |= 1 << pin[CONF_NUMBER]
+        for pin_conf in ext1_conf[CONF_PINS]:
+            number = pin_conf[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER]
+            mask |= 1 << number
+            for wake_conf in pin_conf.get(CONF_ON_WAKE, []):
+                trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(wake_conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], number)
+                await cg.register_component(trigger, wake_conf)
+                await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], wake_conf)
+                cg.add_define("USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE")
         struct = cg.StructInitializer(
-            Ext1Wakeup, ("mask", mask), ("wakeup_mode", conf[CONF_MODE])
+            Ext1Wakeup, ("mask", mask), ("wakeup_mode", ext1_conf[CONF_MODE])
         )
         cg.add(var.set_ext1_wakeup(struct))
 
+    for wake_conf in config.get(CONF_ON_WAKE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(wake_conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
+        await cg.register_component(trigger, wake_conf)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(WakeupCause, "cause")], wake_conf)
+        cg.add_define("USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE")
+
     if CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP in config:
         cg.add(var.set_touch_wakeup(config[CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP]))
     if CORE.using_zephyr and "zigbee" not in CORE.loaded_integrations:
@@ -416,7 +464,12 @@ DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     if CONF_SLEEP_DURATION in config:
@@ -445,7 +498,12 @@ async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     automation.maybe_simple_id(DEEP_SLEEP_ACTION_SCHEMA),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def deep_sleep_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def deep_sleep_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp
index 8dca32689b..2c97dc3211 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,22 @@
 
 namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep.bk72xx";
+static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
+
+#ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+WakeupCause get_wakeup_cause() {
+  switch (lt_get_reboot_reason()) {
+    case REBOOT_REASON_SLEEP_GPIO:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_GPIO;
+    case REBOOT_REASON_SLEEP_RTC:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_TIMER;
+    case REBOOT_REASON_SLEEP_USB:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_UNKNOWN;
+    default:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_NONE;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
 
 optional<uint32_t> DeepSleepComponent::get_run_duration_() const { return this->run_duration_; }
 
@@ -15,15 +30,15 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::dump_config_platform_() {
   }
 }
 
-bool DeepSleepComponent::pin_prevents_sleep_(WakeUpPinItem &pinItem) const {
-  return (pinItem.wakeup_pin_mode == WAKEUP_PIN_MODE_KEEP_AWAKE && pinItem.wakeup_pin != nullptr &&
-          !this->sleep_duration_.has_value() && (pinItem.wakeup_level == get_real_pin_state_(*pinItem.wakeup_pin)));
+bool DeepSleepComponent::pin_prevents_sleep_(WakeUpPinItem &pin_item) const {
+  return (pin_item.wakeup_pin_mode == WAKEUP_PIN_MODE_KEEP_AWAKE && pin_item.wakeup_pin != nullptr &&
+          !this->sleep_duration_.has_value() && (pin_item.wakeup_level == get_real_pin_state_(*pin_item.wakeup_pin)));
 }
 
 bool DeepSleepComponent::prepare_to_sleep_() {
-  if (wakeup_pins_.size() > 0) {
+  if (!this->wakeup_pins_.empty()) {
     for (WakeUpPinItem &item : this->wakeup_pins_) {
-      if (pin_prevents_sleep_(item)) {
+      if (this->pin_prevents_sleep_(item)) {
         // Defer deep sleep until inactive
         if (!this->next_enter_deep_sleep_) {
           this->status_set_warning();
@@ -44,7 +59,7 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
         item.wakeup_level = !item.wakeup_level;
       }
     }
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Wake-up on P%u %s (%d)", item.wakeup_pin->get_pin(), item.wakeup_level ? "HIGH" : "LOW",
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Wake-up on P%u %s (%" PRId32 ")", item.wakeup_pin->get_pin(), item.wakeup_level ? "HIGH" : "LOW",
              static_cast<int32_t>(item.wakeup_pin_mode));
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
index e7ce70b60c..9a3e537e05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::loop() {
     this->begin_sleep();
 }
 
-void DeepSleepComponent::set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->sleep_duration_ = uint64_t(time_ms) * 1000; }
-
-void DeepSleepComponent::set_run_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->run_duration_ = time_ms; }
-
 void DeepSleepComponent::begin_sleep(bool manual) {
   if (this->prevent_ && !manual) {
     this->next_enter_deep_sleep_ = true;
@@ -76,8 +72,4 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::begin_sleep(bool manual) {
 
 float DeepSleepComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::LATE; }
 
-void DeepSleepComponent::prevent_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = true; }
-
-void DeepSleepComponent::allow_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = false; }
-
 }  // namespace esphome::deep_sleep
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
index 896ed092aa..208f88d707 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
@@ -60,6 +60,65 @@ struct WakeupCauseToRunDuration {
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
+#ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+
+/// Why the device woke from deep sleep. Passed to on_wake automations.
+enum WakeupCause : uint8_t {
+  /// The device did not wake from deep sleep (for example a cold boot, reset or OTA restart).
+  WAKEUP_CAUSE_NONE = 0,
+  /// The device woke from deep sleep, but the source could not be identified.
+  WAKEUP_CAUSE_UNKNOWN,
+  /// The device was woken by the sleep timer.
+  WAKEUP_CAUSE_TIMER,
+  /// The device was woken by a GPIO pin (wakeup_pin or esp32_ext1_wakeup).
+  WAKEUP_CAUSE_GPIO,
+  /// The device was woken by a touch pad.
+  WAKEUP_CAUSE_TOUCH,
+};
+
+/// Return why the device woke from deep sleep. Implemented per platform.
+WakeupCause get_wakeup_cause();
+
+/** Setup priority of on_wake triggers.
+ *
+ * Between restoring global variables (setup_priority::HARDWARE, 800) and on_boot automations at
+ * their default priority (600), so on_wake automations can update state (e.g. globals) that
+ * on_boot automations then use.
+ */
+inline constexpr float ON_WAKE_TRIGGER_SETUP_PRIORITY = 700.0f;
+
+/// Fires once on boot when the device woke from deep sleep, with the wakeup cause.
+class WakeTrigger : public Trigger<WakeupCause>, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override {
+    const WakeupCause cause = get_wakeup_cause();
+    if (cause != WAKEUP_CAUSE_NONE) {
+      this->trigger(cause);
+    }
+  }
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return ON_WAKE_TRIGGER_SETUP_PRIORITY; }
+};
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3)
+/// Fires once on boot when the device was woken from deep sleep by the given ext1 pin.
+class Ext1WakeTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit Ext1WakeTrigger(uint8_t pin) : pin_(pin) {}
+  void setup() override {
+    if (esp_sleep_get_wakeup_cause() == ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_EXT1 &&
+        (esp_sleep_get_ext1_wakeup_status() & (1ULL << this->pin_))) {
+      this->trigger();
+    }
+  }
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return ON_WAKE_TRIGGER_SETUP_PRIORITY; }
+
+ protected:
+  uint8_t pin_;
+};
+#endif
+
+#endif  // USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+
 template<typename... Ts> class EnterDeepSleepAction;
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PreventDeepSleepAction;
@@ -73,7 +132,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PreventDeepSleepAction;
 class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   /// Set the duration in ms the component should sleep once it's in deep sleep mode.
-  void set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms);
+  void set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->sleep_duration_ = uint64_t(time_ms) * 1000; }
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
   /** Set the pin to wake up to on the ESP32 once it's in deep sleep mode.
    * Use the inverted property to set the wakeup level.
@@ -84,7 +143,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 #if defined(USE_BK72XX)
-  void init_wakeup_pins_(size_t capacity) { this->wakeup_pins_.init(capacity); }
+  void init_wakeup_pins(size_t capacity) { this->wakeup_pins_.init(capacity); }
   void add_wakeup_pin(InternalGPIOPin *wakeup_pin, WakeupPinMode wakeup_pin_mode) {
     this->wakeup_pins_.emplace_back(WakeUpPinItem{wakeup_pin, wakeup_pin_mode, !wakeup_pin->is_inverted()});
   }
@@ -98,7 +157,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
     !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
     !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
-  void set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup);
+  void set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup) { this->touch_wakeup_ = touch_wakeup; }
 #endif
 
   // Set the duration in ms for how long the code should run before entering
@@ -107,7 +166,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
   /// Set a duration in ms for how long the code should run before entering deep sleep mode.
-  void set_run_duration(uint32_t time_ms);
+  void set_run_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->run_duration_ = time_ms; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -117,8 +176,8 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
   /// Helper to enter deep sleep mode
   void begin_sleep(bool manual = false);
 
-  void prevent_deep_sleep();
-  void allow_deep_sleep();
+  void prevent_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = true; }
+  void allow_deep_sleep() { this->prevent_ = false; }
 
  protected:
   // Returns nullopt if no run duration is set. Otherwise, returns the run
@@ -132,7 +191,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
   bool should_teardown_();
 
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
-  bool pin_prevents_sleep_(WakeUpPinItem &pinItem) const;
+  bool pin_prevents_sleep_(WakeUpPinItem &pin_item) const;
   bool get_real_pin_state_(InternalGPIOPin &pin) const { return (pin.digital_read() ^ pin.is_inverted()); }
 #endif  // USE_BK72XX
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp
index 7cb8e53efd..3fa1a1f1ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,25 @@ namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
 
+#ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+WakeupCause get_wakeup_cause() {
+  switch (esp_sleep_get_wakeup_cause()) {
+    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_EXT0:
+    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_EXT1:
+    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_GPIO:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_GPIO;
+    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_TIMER:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_TIMER;
+    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_TOUCHPAD:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_TOUCH;
+    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_UNDEFINED:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_NONE;
+    default:
+      return WAKEUP_CAUSE_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+
 optional<uint32_t> DeepSleepComponent::get_run_duration_() const {
   if (this->wakeup_cause_to_run_duration_.has_value()) {
     esp_sleep_wakeup_cause_t wakeup_cause = esp_sleep_get_wakeup_cause();
@@ -55,12 +74,6 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::set_wakeup_pin_mode(WakeupPinMode wakeup_pin_mode) {
 void DeepSleepComponent::set_ext1_wakeup(Ext1Wakeup ext1_wakeup) { this->ext1_wakeup_ = ext1_wakeup; }
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
-void DeepSleepComponent::set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup) { this->touch_wakeup_ = touch_wakeup; }
-#endif
-
 void DeepSleepComponent::set_run_duration(WakeupCauseToRunDuration wakeup_cause_to_run_duration) {
   wakeup_cause_to_run_duration_ = wakeup_cause_to_run_duration;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp
index 9239a7fb31..2b98f4b855 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,27 @@
 
 #include <Esp.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+extern "C" {
+#include <user_interface.h>
+}
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
 
+#ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+WakeupCause get_wakeup_cause() {
+  // The ESP8266 can only wake from deep sleep through the RTC timer (via GPIO16 -> RST).
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
+  if (ESP.getResetInfoPtr()->reason == REASON_DEEP_SLEEP_AWAKE) {
+    return WAKEUP_CAUSE_TIMER;
+  }
+  return WAKEUP_CAUSE_NONE;
+}
+#endif  // USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
+
 optional<uint32_t> DeepSleepComponent::get_run_duration_() const { return this->run_duration_; }
 
 void DeepSleepComponent::dump_config_platform_() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_zephyr.cpp
index f77b73cd58..cadf7bf42d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_zephyr.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,36 @@
 #include "deep_sleep_component.h"
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/wake.h"
 #include <zephyr/sys/poweroff.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
 
+// The Zephyr watchdog has a short window (2s, or 10s with Zigbee) and
+// WDT_OPT_PAUSE_IN_SLEEP only pauses it during true hardware sleep — not while a
+// radio thread (e.g. the Zigbee stack) keeps the CPU busy in k_sem_take(). Feed
+// it at least this often while waiting so it does not reset the device.
+static const uint32_t WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+
+static bool wakeable_delay_feed_wdt(uint32_t ms) {
+  while (ms > 0) {
+    const uint32_t step = std::min(ms, WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS);
+    esphome::internal::wakeable_delay(step);
+    esphome::arch_feed_wdt();
+    if (esphome::wake_request_take()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (ms != UINT32_MAX) {
+      ms -= step;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 optional<uint32_t> DeepSleepComponent::get_run_duration_() const { return this->run_duration_; }
 
 void DeepSleepComponent::dump_config_platform_() {}
@@ -15,8 +38,9 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::dump_config_platform_() {}
 bool DeepSleepComponent::prepare_to_sleep_() { return true; }
 
 void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
+  bool woke = false;
   if (this->sleep_duration_.has_value()) {
-    esphome::internal::wakeable_delay(static_cast<uint32_t>(*this->sleep_duration_ / 1000));
+    woke = wakeable_delay_feed_wdt(static_cast<uint32_t>(*this->sleep_duration_ / 1000));
   } else {
 #ifndef USE_ZIGBEE
     // the device can be woken up through one of the following signals:
@@ -29,10 +53,9 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
     // The system is reset when it wakes up from System OFF mode.
     sys_poweroff();
 #else
-    esphome::internal::wakeable_delay(UINT32_MAX);
+    woke = wakeable_delay_feed_wdt(UINT32_MAX);
 #endif
   }
-  const bool woke = esphome::wake_request_take();
   if (woke) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Woken up by another thread");
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py b/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py
index 63576f032d..919bf7b806 100644
--- a/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ DelonghiClimate = delonghi_ns.class_("DelonghiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DelonghiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py
index 2af0c18c18..75feaa65af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/__init__.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = [
     "alarm_control_panel",
@@ -550,7 +551,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for conf in config[CONF_ALARM_CONTROL_PANELS]:
         var = await alarm_control_panel.new_alarm_control_panel(conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
index 4fee095602..555fdef289 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["sensor"]
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
index 943c510279..51562f923c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FACTORY_RESET, CONF_ID, CONF_SENSITIVITY
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@niklasweber"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -54,14 +59,19 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def dfrobot_sen0395_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def dfrobot_sen0395_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
     return var
 
 
-def range_segment_list(input):
+def range_segment_list(input: Any) -> list:
     """Validate input is a list of ranges which can be used to configure the dfrobot mmwave radar
 
     A list of segments should be provided. A minimum of one segment is required and a maximum of
@@ -154,7 +164,12 @@ MMWAVE_SETTINGS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     MMWAVE_SETTINGS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def dfrobot_sen0395_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def dfrobot_sen0395_settings_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py
index 193ef925a4..e299c35a42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID, DfrobotSen0395Component
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID])
     binary_sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py
index 8e492080de..22aaa1640c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TYPE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID, DfrobotSen0395Component
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID])
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py
index d907495ba2..7376adb287 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dht/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 dht_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dht")
 DHTModel = dht_ns.enum("DHTModel")
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py
index eb93cbae2c..2bc6e94515 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dht12/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
index 115adf503a..c2d45dbb60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
@@ -685,9 +685,6 @@ void Display::show_page(DisplayPage *page) {
   }
 }
 
-void Display::show_next_page() { this->page_->show_next(); }
-void Display::show_prev_page() { this->page_->show_prev(); }
-
 void Display::do_update_() {
   if (this->auto_clear_enabled_) {
     this->clear();
@@ -892,9 +889,6 @@ void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
   this->prev_->show();
 }
 
-void DisplayPage::set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
-void DisplayPage::set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
-void DisplayPage::set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }
 const display_writer_t &DisplayPage::get_writer() const { return this->writer_; }
 
 const LogString *text_align_to_string(TextAlign textalign) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.h b/esphome/components/display/display.h
index 3a136937f6..a9ffda422d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.h
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.h
@@ -802,9 +802,9 @@ class DisplayPage final {
   void show();
   void show_next();
   void show_prev();
-  void set_parent(Display *parent);
-  void set_prev(DisplayPage *prev);
-  void set_next(DisplayPage *next);
+  void set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
+  void set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }
   const display_writer_t &get_writer() const;
 
  protected:
@@ -814,6 +814,9 @@ class DisplayPage final {
   DisplayPage *next_{nullptr};
 };
 
+inline void Display::show_next_page() { this->page_->show_next(); }
+inline void Display::show_prev_page() { this->page_->show_prev(); }
+
 template<typename... Ts> class DisplayPageShowAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(DisplayPage *, page)
diff --git a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
index 9125c43f0c..2120abe5f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import re
 from esphome import automation, core
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_LABEL
 from esphome.components.number import Number
 from esphome.components.select import Select
 from esphome.components.switch import Switch
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ display_menu_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("display_menu_base")
 
 CONF_ROTARY = "rotary"
 CONF_JOYSTICK = "joystick"
-CONF_LABEL = "label"
 CONF_MENU = "menu"
 CONF_BACK = "back"
 CONF_SELECT = "select"
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py
index b747f73a14..00a1694cc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, uart
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -33,13 +35,13 @@ DlmsMeterComponent = dlms_meter_component_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def obis_code(value):
+def obis_code(value: Any) -> str:
     # Normalize the OBIS code to the strict A.B.C.D.E.F format
     bytes_list = parse_obis_code_bytes(value)
     return ".".join(str(b) for b in bytes_list)
 
 
-def parse_obis_code_bytes(value):
+def parse_obis_code_bytes(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     value = cv.string(value)
     normalized = re.sub(r"[\-\:\*]", ".", value)
     parts = normalized.split(".")
@@ -57,19 +59,19 @@ def parse_obis_code_bytes(value):
     return bytes_list
 
 
-def custom_pattern_dict(value):
+def custom_pattern_dict(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return {CONF_PATTERN: value}
     return value
 
 
-def validate_custom_pattern(value):
+def validate_custom_pattern(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_DEFAULT_OBIS in value and CONF_NAME not in value:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_DEFAULT_OBIS}' requires '{CONF_NAME}' to be set")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_provider_deprecation(config):
+def validate_provider_deprecation(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_PROVIDER in config:
         provider = str(config[CONF_PROVIDER]).lower()
         if provider == "netznoe":
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema("dlms_meter", require_rx=True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     dec_key_expr = cg.RawExpression("std::nullopt")
     if dec_key := config.get(CONF_DECRYPTION_KEY):
         key_bytes = [str(int(dec_key[i : i + 2], 16)) for i in range(0, 32, 2)]
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index f9bc1d9df7..a15e58b957 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DLMS_METER_ID, CONF_OBIS_CODE, DlmsMeterComponent, obis_code
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DLMS_METER_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(hub.register_binary_sensor(config[CONF_OBIS_CODE], var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py
index ec4639351d..8ded150cd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DLMS_METER_ID, CONF_OBIS_CODE, DlmsMeterComponent, obis_code
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ DYNAMIC_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-def deprecation_warning(config):
+def deprecation_warning(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     _LOGGER.warning(
         "The dlms_meter sensor schema using predefined keys (e.g., 'voltage_l1') is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.11.0. "
         "Please update your configuration to use the new schema with 'obis_code'."
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ OLD_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Any(DYNAMIC_SCHEMA, OLD_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DLMS_METER_ID])
 
     if obis := config.get(CONF_OBIS_CODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 0bfb43a285..c2ff0779ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import logging
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_DLMS_METER_ID, CONF_OBIS_CODE, DlmsMeterComponent, obis_code
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ DYNAMIC_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema().extend(
 )
 
 
-def deprecation_warning(config):
+def deprecation_warning(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     _LOGGER.warning(
         "The dlms_meter text_sensor schema using predefined keys (e.g., 'timestamp') is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.11.0. "
         "Please update your configuration to use the new schema with 'obis_code'."
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ OLD_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Any(DYNAMIC_SCHEMA, OLD_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DLMS_METER_ID])
 
     if obis := config.get(CONF_OBIS_CODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py
index 605812beaa..8b8fd8373b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py b/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
index 0e7bb976a2..a3ae3eb5af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@badbadc0ffee"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +32,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -45,13 +53,18 @@ async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ds1307_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ds1307_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py b/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py
index 384b2d01e6..f6277cd68e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds2484/one_wire.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.one_wire import OneWireBus
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ds2484_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ds2484")
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2e2a87ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SLEEP_PIN, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@tomwellnitz"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+CONF_DS248X_ID = "ds248x_id"
+CONF_BUS_SLEEP = "bus_sleep"
+CONF_HUB_SLEEP = "hub_sleep"
+CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP = "active_pullup"
+
+CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME = "reset_low_time"
+CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME = "master_sample_time"
+CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME = "write_0_low_time"
+CONF_RECOVERY_TIME = "recovery_time"
+CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE = "active_pullup_resistance"
+
+TYPE_DS2482_100 = "ds2482-100"
+TYPE_DS2482_101 = "ds2482-101"
+TYPE_DS2482_800 = "ds2482-800"
+TYPE_DS2484 = "ds2484"
+
+CHANNEL_COUNTS = {
+    TYPE_DS2482_100: 1,
+    TYPE_DS2482_101: 1,
+    TYPE_DS2482_800: 8,
+    TYPE_DS2484: 1,
+}
+
+ds248x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ds248x")
+DS248xComponent = ds248x_ns.class_("DS248xComponent", cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
+
+
+def _component_schema(*extras: dict) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DS248xComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    )
+    for extra in extras:
+        schema = schema.extend(extra)
+    return schema.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x18))
+
+
+SLEEP_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.Optional(CONF_SLEEP_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BUS_SLEEP, default=False): cv.boolean,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_HUB_SLEEP, default=False): cv.boolean,
+}
+
+DS2484_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME): cv.int_range(min=0, max=15),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME): cv.int_range(min=0, max=15),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME): cv.int_range(min=0, max=15),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RECOVERY_TIME): cv.int_range(min=0, max=15),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE): cv.enum(
+        {
+            # DS2484 Table 7: value codes 0-5 map to 500 ohm, 6-15 map to 1000 ohm.
+            "500ohm": 0,
+            "1000ohm": 6,
+        }
+    ),
+}
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
+    {
+        TYPE_DS2482_100: _component_schema(),
+        TYPE_DS2482_101: _component_schema(SLEEP_SCHEMA),
+        TYPE_DS2482_800: _component_schema(),
+        TYPE_DS2484: _component_schema(SLEEP_SCHEMA, DS2484_SCHEMA),
+    },
+    key=CONF_TYPE,
+    lower=True,
+)
+
+
+def get_channel_count(config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    return CHANNEL_COUNTS[config[CONF_TYPE]]
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_active_pullup(config[CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP]))
+    cg.add(var.set_channel_count(get_channel_count(config)))
+
+    if CONF_BUS_SLEEP in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_bus_sleep(config[CONF_BUS_SLEEP]))
+    if CONF_HUB_SLEEP in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_hub_sleep(config[CONF_HUB_SLEEP]))
+
+    if CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_val_trstl(config[CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME]))
+    if CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_val_tmsp(config[CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME]))
+    if CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_val_tw0l(config[CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME]))
+    if CONF_RECOVERY_TIME in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_val_trec0(config[CONF_RECOVERY_TIME]))
+    if CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_val_rwpu(config[CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE]))
+
+    if CONF_SLEEP_PIN in config:
+        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_SLEEP_PIN])
+        cg.add(var.set_sleep_pin(pin))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x.cpp b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8f7395119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#include "ds248x.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ds248x {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ds248x";
+
+void DS248xComponent::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up DS248x...");
+
+  // Wake up device if sleep pin is configured
+  if (this->sleep_pin_) {
+    this->sleep_pin_->setup();
+    this->sleep_pin_->pin_mode(esphome::gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
+    this->sleep_pin_->digital_write(true);  // Wake up
+    delay(1);                               // DS2482-101 Datasheet: tOSCWUP = 100μs (using 10x margin)
+  }
+
+  // Probe device
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Probing DS248x...");
+  uint8_t status = 0;
+  if (this->read(&status, 1) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device responded! Status: 0x%02x", status);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device did not respond. Trying reset anyway...");
+  }
+
+  if (!this->device_reset_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "DS248x reset failed during setup!");
+  }
+
+  // Configure device
+  if (!this->device_configure_()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "DS248x configuration failed!");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Reset to Channel 0
+  this->select_channel(0);
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "DS248x initialized successfully.");
+}
+
+void DS248xComponent::on_shutdown() {
+  if (this->sleep_pin_ && (this->hub_sleep_ || this->bus_sleep_)) {
+    this->sleep_pin_->digital_write(false);  // Sleep
+  }
+}
+
+void DS248xComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "DS248x:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Channel Count: %d", this->channel_count_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Active Pullup: %s", YESNO(this->active_pullup_));
+  if (this->ds2484_mode_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  DS2484 Mode: enabled");
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Internal Helpers ---
+
+// Datasheet command durations are sub-2ms; allow a little margin before forcing recovery.
+static constexpr uint32_t BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS = 5;
+
+bool DS248xComponent::set_read_pointer_(uint8_t ptr) { return this->write_byte(DS248X_COMMAND_SETREADPTR, ptr); }
+
+bool DS248xComponent::wait_busy_() {
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  do {
+    uint8_t status;
+    if (this->read(&status, 1) == i2c::ERROR_OK && !(status & DS248X_STATUS_BUSY))
+      return true;
+    delayMicroseconds(100);
+  } while (millis() - start < BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "DS248x busy timeout");
+  bool recovered = this->device_reset_() && this->device_configure_();
+  this->current_channel_ = -1;
+  if (!recovered) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "DS248x recovery failed after busy timeout");
+    this->mark_failed();
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::device_reset_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Resetting device...");
+  uint8_t cmd = DS248X_COMMAND_RESET;
+  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  uint8_t status;
+  if (this->read(&status, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!(status & DS248X_STATUS_RST)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device reset failed (RST bit not set)");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->current_channel_ = -1;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::device_configure_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuring device...");
+
+  if (!this->write_config_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Config write/verify failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configured successfully");
+
+  // DS2484 Configuration
+  if (this->ds2484_mode_) {
+    if (this->ds2484_trstl_ != DS2484_PARAM_UNSET &&
+        !this->configure_ds2484_port_(DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TRSTL, this->ds2484_trstl_))
+      return false;
+    if (this->ds2484_tmsp_ != DS2484_PARAM_UNSET &&
+        !this->configure_ds2484_port_(DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TMSP, this->ds2484_tmsp_))
+      return false;
+    if (this->ds2484_tw0l_ != DS2484_PARAM_UNSET &&
+        !this->configure_ds2484_port_(DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TW0L, this->ds2484_tw0l_))
+      return false;
+    if (this->ds2484_trec0_ != DS2484_PARAM_UNSET &&
+        !this->configure_ds2484_port_(DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TREC0, this->ds2484_trec0_))
+      return false;
+    if (this->ds2484_rwpu_ != DS2484_PARAM_UNSET &&
+        !this->configure_ds2484_port_(DS2484_PORT_PARAM_RWPU, this->ds2484_rwpu_))
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::configure_ds2484_port_(uint8_t param, uint8_t val) {
+  uint8_t cmd = DS2484_COMMAND_ADJUSTPORT;
+  // Control Byte format (DS2484 Table 6): P[2:0] in bits 7:5, OD in bit 4, VAL[3:0] in bits 3:0
+  uint8_t data = ((param & 0x07) << 5) | (val & 0x0F);
+
+  // The DS2484 always acknowledges the Adjust 1-Wire Port control byte (datasheet "Adjust
+  // 1-Wire Port"), so a successful write confirms the update. We deliberately do not read
+  // back to verify: a single read of the Port Configuration register always returns the
+  // fixed 8-byte report starting at Byte 1 (tRSTL standard speed), not the parameter that
+  // was just written, so a per-parameter readback comparison would spuriously fail for
+  // tMSP/tW0L/tREC0/RWPU.
+  if (!this->write_byte(cmd, data)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "DS2484 port config failed (param %d)", param);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS);
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::write_config_() {
+  uint8_t config = 0;
+  if (this->active_pullup_)
+    config |= DS248X_CONFIG_ACTIVE_PULLUP;
+
+  // The DS248x only accepts the config byte if the upper nibble is the one's-complement of the lower nibble.
+  uint8_t config_byte = (config & 0x0F) | ((~config & 0x0F) << 4);
+
+  if (!this->write_byte(DS248X_COMMAND_WRITECONFIG, config_byte)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to write config byte");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_CONFIG)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t read_config;
+  if (this->read(&read_config, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to read back config byte");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if ((read_config & 0x0F) != (config_byte & 0x0F)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Config mismatch! Wrote 0x%02x, Read 0x%02x", config_byte, read_config);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS);
+}
+
+// --- Channel Selection ---
+
+// Channel select codes: write code -> expected read code
+static constexpr uint8_t CHANNEL_WRITE_CODES[8] = {0xF0, 0xE1, 0xD2, 0xC3, 0xB4, 0xA5, 0x96, 0x87};
+static constexpr uint8_t CHANNEL_READ_CODES[8] = {0xB8, 0xB1, 0xAA, 0xA3, 0x9C, 0x95, 0x8E, 0x87};
+
+bool DS248xComponent::select_channel(uint8_t channel) {
+  if (this->channel_count_ <= 1)
+    return true;
+  if (channel >= this->channel_count_)
+    return false;
+
+  if (this->current_channel_ == channel)
+    return true;
+
+  if (!this->write_byte(DS248X_COMMAND_CHANNELSELECT, CHANNEL_WRITE_CODES[channel])) {
+    this->current_channel_ = -1;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t read_code;
+  if (this->read(&read_code, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->current_channel_ = -1;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (read_code != CHANNEL_READ_CODES[channel]) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Channel select failed! Expected 0x%02x, got 0x%02x", CHANNEL_READ_CODES[channel], read_code);
+    this->current_channel_ = -1;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS))
+    return false;
+
+  this->current_channel_ = channel;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// --- 1-Wire Bus Operations ---
+
+bool DS248xComponent::ow_reset(bool &presence) {
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS))
+    return false;
+
+  uint8_t cmd = DS248X_COMMAND_RESETWIRE;
+  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!this->wait_busy_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ow_reset: wait busy failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t status;
+  if (this->read(&status, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ow_reset: read status failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (status & DS248X_STATUS_SD) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Short detected on 1-Wire bus!");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  presence = (status & DS248X_STATUS_PPD);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::ow_write_byte(uint8_t byte) {
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS))
+    return false;
+
+  if (!this->wait_busy_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device busy before writing byte 0x%02x", byte);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t cmd[2] = {DS248X_COMMAND_WRITEBYTE, byte};
+  if (this->write(cmd, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "I2C write failed for byte 0x%02x", byte);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->wait_busy_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timeout waiting for write byte to complete!");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::ow_read_byte(uint8_t &byte) {
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS))
+    return false;
+
+  uint8_t cmd = DS248X_COMMAND_READBYTE;
+  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!this->wait_busy_())
+    return false;
+
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_DATA))
+    return false;
+
+  if (this->read(&byte, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DS248xComponent::search_triplet(bool search_direction, uint8_t &status) {
+  if (!this->set_read_pointer_(DS248X_POINTER_STATUS))
+    return false;
+
+  // DS248x Datasheet: 1-Wire Triplet command requires 2 bytes:
+  // Byte 1: Command code 0x78
+  // Byte 2: Direction byte (bit 7 = V, search direction if discrepancy)
+  uint8_t buffer[2] = {DS248X_COMMAND_TRIPLET, static_cast<uint8_t>(search_direction ? 0x80 : 0x00)};
+  if (this->write(buffer, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!this->wait_busy_())
+    return false;
+
+  if (this->read(&status, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ds248x
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x.h b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0873ee0e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// DS248x I2C-to-1-Wire Bridge Family
+// Datasheet: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ds2482-100.pdf
+// Datasheet: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ds2482-800.pdf
+// Datasheet: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ds2484.pdf
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ds248x {
+
+// DS248x I2C Commands
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_RESET = 0xF0;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_SETREADPTR = 0xE1;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_WRITECONFIG = 0xD2;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_CHANNELSELECT = 0xC3;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_RESETWIRE = 0xB4;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_WRITEBYTE = 0xA5;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_READBYTE = 0x96;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_COMMAND_TRIPLET = 0x78;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_COMMAND_ADJUSTPORT = 0xC3;
+
+// DS2484 "Adjust 1-Wire Port" parameter codes (datasheet Table 6, control byte P[2:0])
+static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TRSTL = 0x0;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TMSP = 0x1;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TW0L = 0x2;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_PORT_PARAM_TREC0 = 0x3;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_PORT_PARAM_RWPU = 0x4;
+
+// DS248x Status Register Bits
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_BUSY = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_PPD = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_SD = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_RST = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_SBR = 0x20;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_TSB = 0x40;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_STATUS_DIR = 0x80;
+
+// DS248x Register Pointers
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_POINTER_STATUS = 0xF0;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_POINTER_DATA = 0xE1;
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_POINTER_CONFIG = 0xC3;
+
+// DS248x Configuration Bits
+static constexpr uint8_t DS248X_CONFIG_ACTIVE_PULLUP = 0x01;
+
+/**
+ * @brief DS248x I2C-to-1-Wire Bridge Component.
+ *
+ * This component manages the DS248x chip (DS2482-100, DS2482-800, DS2484).
+ * It provides low-level 1-Wire bus operations via I2C.
+ *
+ * Usage: Configure DS248xOneWireBus instances for each channel.
+ * These buses implement the one_wire::OneWireBus interface for compatibility
+ * with all existing 1-Wire device components (dallas_temp, etc.).
+ */
+class DS248xComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void on_shutdown() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
+
+  void set_sleep_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->sleep_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_bus_sleep(bool enabled) { this->bus_sleep_ = enabled; }
+  void set_hub_sleep(bool enabled) { this->hub_sleep_ = enabled; }
+  void set_channel_count(uint8_t count) { this->channel_count_ = count; }
+  void set_active_pullup(bool enabled) { this->active_pullup_ = enabled; }
+
+  // DS2484 Timing Parameters
+  void set_val_trstl(uint8_t val) {
+    this->ds2484_trstl_ = val;
+    this->ds2484_mode_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_val_tmsp(uint8_t val) {
+    this->ds2484_tmsp_ = val;
+    this->ds2484_mode_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_val_tw0l(uint8_t val) {
+    this->ds2484_tw0l_ = val;
+    this->ds2484_mode_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_val_trec0(uint8_t val) {
+    this->ds2484_trec0_ = val;
+    this->ds2484_mode_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_val_rwpu(uint8_t val) {
+    this->ds2484_rwpu_ = val;
+    this->ds2484_mode_ = true;
+  }
+
+  /// Get the channel count (1 for DS2482-100/DS2484, 8 for DS2482-800)
+  uint8_t get_channel_count() const { return this->channel_count_; }
+
+  // --- Core 1-Wire API (used by DS248xOneWireBus) ---
+  bool select_channel(uint8_t channel);
+  bool ow_reset(bool &presence);
+  bool ow_write_byte(uint8_t byte);
+  bool ow_read_byte(uint8_t &byte);
+
+  // --- Search support (used by DS248xOneWireBus) ---
+  bool search_triplet(bool search_direction, uint8_t &status);
+
+ protected:
+  InternalGPIOPin *sleep_pin_{nullptr};
+  uint8_t channel_count_ = 1;
+  bool bus_sleep_{false};
+  bool hub_sleep_{false};
+  bool active_pullup_ = false;
+
+  // DS2484 Config
+  bool ds2484_mode_ = false;
+  static constexpr uint8_t DS2484_PARAM_UNSET = 0xFF;
+  uint8_t ds2484_trstl_{DS2484_PARAM_UNSET};
+  uint8_t ds2484_tmsp_{DS2484_PARAM_UNSET};
+  uint8_t ds2484_tw0l_{DS2484_PARAM_UNSET};
+  uint8_t ds2484_trec0_{DS2484_PARAM_UNSET};
+  uint8_t ds2484_rwpu_{DS2484_PARAM_UNSET};
+
+  int8_t current_channel_{-1};
+
+  // Internal helpers
+  bool set_read_pointer_(uint8_t ptr);
+  bool wait_busy_();
+  bool device_reset_();
+  bool device_configure_();
+  bool configure_ds2484_port_(uint8_t param, uint8_t val);
+  bool write_config_();
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ds248x
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.cpp b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed5b05bab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#include "ds248x_one_wire_bus.h"
+#include "ds248x.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ds248x {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ds248x.one_wire";
+
+void DS248xOneWireBus::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up DS248x 1-Wire Bus (Channel %d)...", this->channel_);
+
+  // Parent setup happens in DS248xComponent::setup()
+  // We just need to scan for devices on this channel
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to select channel %d during setup", this->channel_);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Perform device search on this channel
+  this->search();
+
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found %zu devices on channel %d", this->devices_.size(), this->channel_);
+}
+
+void DS248xOneWireBus::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "DS248x 1-Wire Bus (Channel %d):", this->channel_);
+  this->dump_devices_(TAG);
+}
+
+bool DS248xOneWireBus::ensure_channel_() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Parent not set!");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return this->parent_->select_channel(this->channel_);
+}
+
+int DS248xOneWireBus::reset_int() {
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  bool presence = false;
+  if (!this->parent_->ow_reset(presence)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return presence ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+void DS248xOneWireBus::write8(uint8_t val) {
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->parent_->ow_write_byte(val)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write byte 0x%02X on channel %d", val, this->channel_);
+  }
+}
+
+void DS248xOneWireBus::write64(uint64_t val) {
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    uint8_t byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(val >> (i * 8));
+    if (!this->parent_->ow_write_byte(byte)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write byte %d/8 (0x%02X) on channel %d - aborting write64", i + 1, byte, this->channel_);
+      return;  // Stop writing to prevent sending corrupted data
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+uint8_t DS248xOneWireBus::read8() {
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint8_t value = 0;
+  if (!this->parent_->ow_read_byte(value)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read byte on channel %d", this->channel_);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+uint64_t DS248xOneWireBus::read64() {
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    uint8_t byte = 0;
+    if (!this->parent_->ow_read_byte(byte)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read byte %d/8 on channel %d - returning partial data", i + 1, this->channel_);
+      return value;  // Return partial data to avoid blocking, caller should validate
+    }
+    value |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(byte) << (i * 8));
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+void DS248xOneWireBus::reset_search() {
+  this->search_last_discrepancy_ = 0;
+  this->search_last_device_flag_ = false;
+  this->search_address_ = 0;
+}
+
+uint64_t DS248xOneWireBus::search_int() {
+  if (!this->ensure_channel_()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (this->search_last_device_flag_) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t last_zero = 0;
+  uint64_t address = this->search_address_;
+
+  // Iterate through all 64 bits
+  for (uint8_t bit_number = 1; bit_number <= 64; bit_number++) {
+    uint64_t bit_mask = 1ULL << (bit_number - 1);
+
+    // Determine search direction
+    bool search_direction;
+    if (bit_number < this->search_last_discrepancy_) {
+      search_direction = (address & bit_mask) != 0;
+    } else {
+      search_direction = (bit_number == this->search_last_discrepancy_);
+    }
+
+    // Perform triplet operation
+    uint8_t status = 0;
+    if (!this->parent_->search_triplet(search_direction, status)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "1-Wire triplet failed at bit %d on channel %d - aborting search", bit_number, this->channel_);
+      this->reset_search();
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool id_bit = (status & DS248X_STATUS_SBR) != 0;
+    bool cmp_id_bit = (status & DS248X_STATUS_TSB) != 0;
+    bool dir_taken = (status & DS248X_STATUS_DIR) != 0;
+
+    if (id_bit && cmp_id_bit) {
+      // No devices participating
+      this->reset_search();
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!id_bit && !cmp_id_bit && !dir_taken) {
+      // Discrepancy, went 0 - record position
+      last_zero = bit_number;
+    }
+
+    // Update address based on direction taken
+    if (dir_taken) {
+      address |= bit_mask;
+    } else {
+      address &= ~bit_mask;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Search successful
+  this->search_last_discrepancy_ = last_zero;
+  if (last_zero == 0) {
+    this->search_last_device_flag_ = true;
+  }
+  this->search_address_ = address;
+
+  return address;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ds248x
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.h b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0591796d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/one_wire/one_wire_bus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ds248x {
+
+class DS248xComponent;
+
+/**
+ * @brief OneWireBus implementation for DS248x I2C-to-1-Wire bridges.
+ *
+ * This class wraps the DS248xComponent to provide the one_wire::OneWireBus interface,
+ * enabling compatibility with all existing 1-Wire device components (dallas_temp, etc.).
+ *
+ * For DS2482-800, multiple instances of this class can be created (one per channel).
+ * For DS2482-100/DS2484, a single instance is used.
+ */
+class DS248xOneWireBus : public one_wire::OneWireBus, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS - 1.0f; }
+
+  /// Set the parent DS248x component
+  void set_parent(DS248xComponent *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+
+  /// Set the 1-Wire channel (0-7, only relevant for DS2482-800)
+  void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
+
+  /// Get the channel number
+  uint8_t get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
+
+  // OneWireBus interface implementation
+  int reset_int() override;
+  void write8(uint8_t val) override;
+  void write64(uint64_t val) override;
+  uint8_t read8() override;
+  uint64_t read64() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void reset_search() override;
+  uint64_t search_int() override;
+
+  /// Select the channel on the DS248x before any 1-Wire operation
+  bool ensure_channel_();
+
+  DS248xComponent *parent_{nullptr};
+  uint8_t channel_{0};
+
+  // Search state
+  uint64_t search_address_{0};
+  uint8_t search_last_discrepancy_{0};
+  bool search_last_device_flag_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ds248x
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py b/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b028958132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ds248x/one_wire.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""DS248x 1-Wire Bus Platform.
+
+This platform creates one_wire bus instances backed by a DS248x I2C-to-1-Wire bridge.
+It supports DS2482-100/101 (single channel), DS2482-800 (8 channels), and DS2484 (single channel).
+
+For multi-channel devices (DS2482-800), create one platform entry per channel.
+Each entry becomes a separate one_wire bus that can be used by dallas_temp and other 1-Wire devices.
+"""
+
+from esphome import final_validate as fv
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.one_wire import OneWireBus
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import CONF_DS248X_ID, DS248xComponent, ds248x_ns, get_channel_count
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@tomwellnitz"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ds248x"]
+
+DS248xOneWireBus = ds248x_ns.class_("DS248xOneWireBus", OneWireBus, cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DS248xOneWireBus),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_DS248X_ID): cv.use_id(DS248xComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL, default=0): cv.int_range(min=0, max=7),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Validate that the channel is within the parent's channel count."""
+    fconf = fv.full_config.get()
+    path = fconf.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_DS248X_ID])[:-1]
+    parent_config = fconf.get_config_for_path(path)
+    channel_count = get_channel_count(parent_config)
+    channel = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
+
+    if channel >= channel_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Channel {channel} is invalid for DS248x with {channel_count} channel(s). "
+            f"Valid range: 0-{channel_count - 1}"
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DS248X_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py
index 34f37ace35..96a1e75668 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     uart_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UART_ID])
     if CONF_REQUEST_PIN in config:
         request_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_REQUEST_PIN])
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_library("esphome/dsmr_parser", "1.9.0")
 
 
-def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
     for uart_conf in full_config["uart"]:
@@ -102,7 +102,5 @@ def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                 )
             break
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py
index 7d93ee62e1..6aecc62d6b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_SECOND,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DSMR_ID, Dsmr
 
@@ -812,7 +813,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DSMR_ID])
 
     sensors = []
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py
index 54b5711923..4945ba965c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INTERNAL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DSMR_ID, Dsmr
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DSMR_ID])
 
     text_sensors = []
diff --git a/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py b/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py
index 37c889cd85..b7aa1777c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/duty_cycle/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PIN, ICON_PERCENT, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_PERCENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 duty_cycle_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("duty_cycle")
 DutyCycleSensor = duty_cycle_ns.class_(
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py b/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
index 456859f8e4..6d878a80a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_LAST_TIME = "last_time"
 
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_restore(config[CONF_RESTORE]))
@@ -93,7 +96,12 @@ DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @register_action(
     "sensor.duty_time.start", StartAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -102,7 +110,12 @@ async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "sensor.duty_time.stop", StopAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -111,7 +124,12 @@ async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "sensor.duty_time.reset", ResetAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -120,7 +138,12 @@ async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_condition(
     "sensor.duty_time.is_running", RunningCondition, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA
 )
-async def duty_time_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def duty_time_is_running_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, True)
 
@@ -128,6 +151,11 @@ async def duty_time_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args)
 @register_condition(
     "sensor.duty_time.is_not_running", RunningCondition, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA
 )
-async def duty_time_is_not_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def duty_time_is_not_running_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, False)
diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py b/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py
index a1a8e0aec5..3b1eb99e60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ from esphome.components.light.effects import register_addressable_effect
 from esphome.components.light.types import AddressableLightEffect
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNELS, CONF_ID, CONF_METHOD, CONF_NAME
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_method(METHODS[config[CONF_METHOD]]))
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNELS, default="RGB"): cv.one_of(*CHANNELS, upper=True),
     },
 )
-async def e131_light_effect_to_code(config, effect_id):
+async def e131_light_effect_to_code(config: ConfigType, effect_id: ID) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_E131_ID])
 
     effect = cg.new_Pvariable(effect_id, config[CONF_NAME])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py
index 8c9c7e7238..fdad47fb05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Stock-M"]
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 64bb17a7db..7636b6993a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py
index 323195e99a..639847345f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_RESOLUTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ellull"]
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp b/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
index 464f49fe51..f46082f5e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ float Emc2101Component::get_external_temperature() {
     return NAN;
   }
 
-  // join msb and lsb (5 least significant bits are not used)
-  uint16_t raw = (msb << 8 | lsb) >> 5;
-  return raw * 0.125;
+  // join msb and lsb (5 least significant bits are not used); msb is signed, so read as int16_t
+  int16_t raw = static_cast<int16_t>((msb << 8) | lsb) >> 5;
+  return raw * 0.125f;
 }
 
 float Emc2101Component::get_speed() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py
index 586f0800a6..a8820345e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_EMC2101_ID, EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, emc2101_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_EMC2101_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py
index b6a2c8a333..cc8901cf38 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_REVOLUTIONS_PER_MINUTE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_EMC2101_ID, EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, emc2101_ns
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = EMC2101_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_EMC2101_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py b/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py
index 56e8e2b804..ea44606300 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@E440QF"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ EmmetiClimate = emmeti_ns.class_("EmmetiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(EmmetiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py
index a2d4349698..3821f3e10e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emontx/__init__.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
     CONF_UART_ID,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
     # Count sensors registered to this hub (IDs are resolved at final_validate stage)
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         parity="NONE",
         stop_bits=1,
     )
-    return schema(config)
+    schema(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
@@ -115,14 +116,16 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
 
-    # Initialize sensor storage with count from final_validate
+    # Initialize sensor storage with count from final_validate before any
+    # await, so platform to_code() calls always see it initialized
+    # regardless of YAML key order.
     sensor_count = _get_data().sensor_counts.get(str(config[CONF_ID]), 0)
     if sensor_count > 0:
         cg.add(var.init_sensors(sensor_count))
 
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
 
@@ -143,8 +146,11 @@ EMONTX_SEND_COMMAND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def emontx_send_command_action_to_code(
-    config: ConfigType, action_id, template_arg, args
-) -> None:
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COMMAND], args, cg.std_string)
diff --git a/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py
index 83a972c5e0..56a7fb8b55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/emontx/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_STATE_CLASS,
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -18,8 +20,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_AMPERE,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_EMPTY,
+    UNIT_HERTZ,
     UNIT_PULSES,
     UNIT_VOLT,
+    UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
@@ -29,6 +33,32 @@ from .. import CONF_EMONTX_ID, CONF_TAG_NAME, EmonTx, emontx_ns
 
 EmonTxSensor = emontx_ns.class_("EmonTxSensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component)
 
+# Known emonTx/avrdb JSON tag conventions, gathered from real firmware
+# (see https://github.com/openenergymonitor/avrdb_firmware), used to decide
+# whether each tag below requires a numeric index or may also appear bare:
+#
+#   Tag family    Bare (no index)          Numeric-indexed
+#   -----------   -----------------------  ----------------------------------
+#   P (power)     no                       P1, P2, ... (multi-channel boards)
+#   E (energy)    no                       E1, E2, ...
+#   V (voltage)   Vrms (NOT matched here,  V1, V2, V3 (per-phase boards)
+#                 doesn't fit "V"+digits)
+#   I (current)   no                       I1, I2, ...
+#   T (temp.)     no                       T1, T2, ...
+#   F (frequency) F (single mains freq.)   not seen indexed
+#   PULSE         pulse (single-CT boards) PULSE1, PULSE2, ... (other variants)
+#   PF (power     not seen bare            PF1, PF2, ... (currently unused/
+#     factor)                              commented out in avrdb firmware)
+#   AP (apparent  not seen bare            AP1, AP2, ... (not an avrdb tag at
+#     power)                               all; avrdb uses "VA"+index instead,
+#                                           itself currently unused/commented
+#                                           out; "AP" is kept here for other
+#                                           firmware/integrations using it)
+#
+# This is why a bare "PULSE" resolves to proper defaults below, but bare
+# "PF"/"AP" fall back to generic defaults instead: only PULSE has a
+# confirmed bare-tag use in real, currently-shipping firmware.
+
 # Define sensor type configurations by prefix
 SENSOR_CONFIGS = {
     "P": {
@@ -63,11 +93,30 @@ SENSOR_CONFIGS = {
     },
 }
 
-# Pattern-based configurations
+# Tags reported once, without a numeric index (e.g. "F"), matched exactly
+# rather than by prefix.
+EXACT_TAG_CONFIGS = {
+    "F": {
+        CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: UNIT_HERTZ,
+        CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
+        CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 2,
+    },
+}
+
+# Pattern-based configurations. The remainder after the prefix must be a
+# non-empty numeric index (like V1/I1/E1), so e.g. "APPLE" doesn't collide
+# with the "AP" prefix and a bare "PF"/"AP" (no index) doesn't match.
+# "PULSE" is the exception: some emonTx firmware (e.g. avrdb-based single-CT
+# variants) reports a single pulse counter as a bare "pulse" tag with no
+# numeric index at all, so that pattern also accepts an empty suffix.
+PATTERNS_ALLOWING_BARE_TAG = {"PULSE"}
+
 PATTERN_CONFIGS = {
     "PULSE": {
         CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: UNIT_PULSES,
         CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+        CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
         CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 0,
     },
     "PF": {
@@ -76,14 +125,22 @@ PATTERN_CONFIGS = {
         CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 2,
     },
+    "AP": {
+        CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
+        CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
+        CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 2,
+    },
 }
 
-# Create a base schema that's flexible for any tag
-BASE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
-    EmonTxSensor,
-    state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
-    accuracy_decimals=0,
-).extend(
+# BASE_SCHEMA intentionally omits state_class and accuracy_decimals defaults.
+# Passing them to sensor_schema() would register them via cv.Optional(key, default=...),
+# making them always present in the validated config dict and preventing
+# apply_tag_defaults from overriding them with the correct per-prefix values.
+# They are injected by apply_tag_defaults below, after running through the
+# same validators sensor_schema() would use (see _DEFAULT_VALIDATORS) so the
+# values are code-generation-ready.
+BASE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(EmonTxSensor).extend(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_EMONTX_ID): cv.use_id(EmonTx),
         cv.Required(CONF_TAG_NAME): cv.string,
@@ -91,34 +148,56 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
+_DEFAULT_VALIDATORS = {
+    CONF_STATE_CLASS: sensor.validate_state_class,
+    CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: sensor.validate_device_class,
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: sensor.validate_unit_of_measurement,
+}
+
+
+def _apply_defaults(config: ConfigType, defaults: dict) -> None:
+    """Inject defaults into config, skipping keys already set by the user.
+    Values are run through the same validators sensor_schema() would use, so
+    they are code-generation-ready and a typo'd constant fails validation
+    instead of shipping silently."""
+    for key, value in defaults.items():
+        if key not in config:
+            if key in _DEFAULT_VALIDATORS:
+                value = _DEFAULT_VALIDATORS[key](value)
+            config[key] = value
+
+
 def apply_tag_defaults(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Apply defaults based on tag prefix if applicable, but don't restrict any tags."""
     tag = config[CONF_TAG_NAME]
-
-    # Skip if tag is too short
-    if len(tag) < 2:
-        return config
-
-    # Check if this tag starts with a known prefix
     tag_upper = tag.upper()
 
+    if (exact_config := EXACT_TAG_CONFIGS.get(tag_upper)) is not None:
+        _apply_defaults(config, exact_config)
+        return config
+
     for pattern, pattern_config in PATTERN_CONFIGS.items():
-        if tag_upper.startswith(pattern):
-            # Apply pattern defaults if not overridden by user
-            for key, value in pattern_config.items():
-                if key not in config:
-                    config[key] = value
+        suffix = tag_upper[len(pattern) :]
+        bare_ok = not suffix and pattern in PATTERNS_ALLOWING_BARE_TAG
+        if tag_upper.startswith(pattern) and (suffix.isdigit() or bare_ok):
+            _apply_defaults(config, pattern_config)
             return config
 
-    # Only apply defaults for known prefixes with numeric indices
-    prefix = tag_upper[0]
-    if prefix in SENSOR_CONFIGS and len(tag) > 1 and tag[1:].isdigit():
-        # Apply defaults for known tag types, but only if not overridden by user
-        defaults = SENSOR_CONFIGS[prefix]
-        for key, value in defaults.items():
-            if key not in config:
-                config[key] = value
+    # Only apply defaults for known prefixes with numeric indices (e.g. E1, V2, T3)
+    if len(tag) >= 2:
+        prefix = tag_upper[0]
+        if prefix in SENSOR_CONFIGS and tag[1:].isdigit():
+            _apply_defaults(config, SENSOR_CONFIGS[prefix])
+            return config
 
+    # Fall back to generic defaults for tags with no known prefix
+    _apply_defaults(
+        config,
+        {
+            CONF_STATE_CLASS: STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS: 0,
+        },
+    )
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py b/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py
index c16680b6af..0e27189500 100644
--- a/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/endstop/cover.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP,
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 endstop_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("endstop")
 EndstopCover = endstop_ns.class_("EndstopCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py
index 46c53c3b10..1bdfb0c0a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@vincentscode", "@latonita"]
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py
index cad4e81afc..398b9b4804 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..ens160_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ENS160I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py
index 1bda05c7bb..cc6a90a33e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_spi/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..ens160_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, cv, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(spi.spi_device_schema()).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py
index 289a559673..bfd758f92f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ens210/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@itn3rd77"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/colorconv.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/colorconv.h
index d4ffd034a1..7b7c48c0b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/colorconv.h
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/colorconv.h
@@ -81,4 +81,134 @@ constexpr NATIVE_COLOR color_to_bwr(Color color, NATIVE_COLOR hw_black, NATIVE_C
   return color_to_bwyr<NATIVE_COLOR>(color, hw_black, hw_white, /*hw_yellow=*/hw_white, hw_red);
 }
 
+/** Map RGB color to discrete BWYRGB hex 6 color key
+ *
+ * Divides the RGB cube into 8 corners by which components are "on" (over 128), same as
+ * color_to_bwyr, but also resolves the green and blue corners instead of folding them into
+ * white/black.
+ *
+ * @tparam NATIVE_COLOR  Type of native hardware color values
+ * @param color     RGB color to convert from
+ * @param hw_black  Native value for black
+ * @param hw_white  Native value for white
+ * @param hw_yellow Native value for yellow
+ * @param hw_red    Native value for red
+ * @param hw_green  Native value for green
+ * @param hw_blue   Native value for blue
+ * @return          Converted native hardware color value
+ * @internal Constexpr. Does not depend on side effects ("pure").
+ */
+template<typename NATIVE_COLOR>
+constexpr NATIVE_COLOR color_to_bwyrgb(Color color, NATIVE_COLOR hw_black, NATIVE_COLOR hw_white,
+                                       NATIVE_COLOR hw_yellow, NATIVE_COLOR hw_red, NATIVE_COLOR hw_green,
+                                       NATIVE_COLOR hw_blue) {
+  const auto [min_rgb, max_rgb] = std::minmax({color.r, color.g, color.b});
+
+  if ((max_rgb - min_rgb) < COLORCONV_GRAY_THRESHOLD) {
+    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382) {
+      return hw_white;
+    }
+    return hw_black;
+  }
+
+  const bool r_on = (color.r > 128);
+  const bool g_on = (color.g > 128);
+  const bool b_on = (color.b > 128);
+
+  if (r_on && g_on && !b_on) {
+    return hw_yellow;
+  }
+  if (r_on && !g_on && !b_on) {
+    return hw_red;
+  }
+  if (!r_on && g_on && !b_on) {
+    return hw_green;
+  }
+  if (!r_on && !g_on && b_on) {
+    return hw_blue;
+  }
+  // Handle "impure" colors (cyan, magenta) by folding into the closest primary.
+  if (!r_on && g_on && b_on) {
+    return hw_green;  // cyan
+  }
+  if (r_on && !g_on) {
+    return hw_red;  // magenta
+  }
+  if (r_on) {
+    // All high (but not gray) -> white
+    return hw_white;
+  }
+  // !r_on && !g_on && !b_on
+  // All low (but not gray) -> black
+  return hw_black;
+}
+
+/** Map RGB color to discrete BWYRGBO hex 7 color key
+ *
+ * Same corner logic as color_to_bwyrgb, except the red/yellow corner is split three ways
+ * instead of two, for panels with a dedicated orange ink.
+ *
+ * @tparam NATIVE_COLOR  Type of native hardware color values
+ * @param color     RGB color to convert from
+ * @param hw_black  Native value for black
+ * @param hw_white  Native value for white
+ * @param hw_yellow Native value for yellow
+ * @param hw_red    Native value for red
+ * @param hw_green  Native value for green
+ * @param hw_blue   Native value for blue
+ * @param hw_orange Native value for orange
+ * @return          Converted native hardware color value
+ * @internal Constexpr. Does not depend on side effects ("pure").
+ */
+template<typename NATIVE_COLOR>
+constexpr NATIVE_COLOR color_to_bwyrgbo(Color color, NATIVE_COLOR hw_black, NATIVE_COLOR hw_white,
+                                        NATIVE_COLOR hw_yellow, NATIVE_COLOR hw_red, NATIVE_COLOR hw_green,
+                                        NATIVE_COLOR hw_blue, NATIVE_COLOR hw_orange) {
+  const auto [min_rgb, max_rgb] = std::minmax({color.r, color.g, color.b});
+
+  if ((max_rgb - min_rgb) < COLORCONV_GRAY_THRESHOLD) {
+    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382) {
+      return hw_white;
+    }
+    return hw_black;
+  }
+
+  const bool r_on = (color.r > 128);
+  const bool g_on = (color.g > 128);
+  const bool b_on = (color.b > 128);
+
+  if (r_on && !b_on) {
+    // Between red and yellow: split the gradient in three instead of two, since this panel has a
+    // dedicated orange ink. Named orange (e.g. 0xFFA500) has g close to the midpoint, so the
+    // plain g_on (>128) threshold used by color_to_bwyrgb can't tell it apart from yellow.
+    if (color.g > 170) {
+      return hw_yellow;
+    }
+    if (color.g > 85) {
+      return hw_orange;
+    }
+    return hw_red;
+  }
+  if (!r_on && g_on && !b_on) {
+    return hw_green;
+  }
+  if (!r_on && !g_on && b_on) {
+    return hw_blue;
+  }
+  // Handle "impure" colors (cyan, magenta) by folding into the closest primary.
+  if (!r_on && g_on && b_on) {
+    return hw_green;  // cyan
+  }
+  if (r_on && !g_on) {
+    return hw_red;  // magenta
+  }
+  if (r_on) {
+    // All high (but not gray) -> white
+    return hw_white;
+  }
+  // !r_on && !g_on && !b_on
+  // All low (but not gray) -> black
+  return hw_black;
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
index ce28fb0d67..e9da924de5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                 cv.Range(max=core.TimePeriod(milliseconds=500)),
             ),
+            **model.get_config_options(),
         }
     )
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config) -> None:
     spi.final_validate_device_schema(
         "epaper_spi", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
     )(config)
@@ -169,7 +170,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
     elif CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL not in config:
         config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("1min")
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     )
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
+    config = await model.to_code(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_4bpp.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_4bpp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..820dc3c77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_4bpp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_4bpp.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.4bpp";
+
+void EPaper4bpp::fill(Color color) {
+  // If clipping is active, fall back to base implementation
+  if (this->get_clipping().is_set()) {
+    EPaperBase::fill(color);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto pixel_color = this->color_to_native(color);
+
+  // We store 2 pixels per byte
+  this->buffer_.fill(pixel_color + (pixel_color << 4));
+
+  // Whole buffer just changed; mark the entire canvas dirty.
+  this->x_low_ = 0;
+  this->y_low_ = 0;
+  this->x_high_ = this->width_;
+  this->y_high_ = this->height_;
+}
+
+void EPaper4bpp::clear() {
+  // clear buffer to white, just like real paper.
+  this->fill(COLOR_ON);
+}
+
+void HOT EPaper4bpp::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
+    return;
+  auto pixel_bits = this->color_to_native(color);
+  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_internal();
+  uint32_t byte_position = pixel_position / 2;
+  auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
+  if ((pixel_position & 1) != 0) {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = (original & 0xF0) | pixel_bits;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = (original & 0x0F) | (pixel_bits << 4);
+  }
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaper4bpp::transfer_data() {
+  const uint32_t start_time = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
+  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+    this->command(CMD_TRANSFER_DATA);
+  }
+
+  size_t buf_idx = 0;
+  uint8_t bytes_to_send[MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE];
+  while (this->current_data_index_ != buffer_length) {
+    bytes_to_send[buf_idx++] = this->buffer_[this->current_data_index_++];
+
+    if (buf_idx == sizeof bytes_to_send) {
+      this->start_data_();
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, buf_idx);
+      this->disable();
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrote %d bytes at %ums", buf_idx, (unsigned) millis());
+      buf_idx = 0;
+
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Finished the entire dataset
+  if (buf_idx != 0) {
+    this->start_data_();
+    this->write_array(bytes_to_send, buf_idx);
+    this->disable();
+  }
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_4bpp.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_4bpp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6eebe24c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_4bpp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+/**
+ * Intermediate base for panels with a 4-bit-per-pixel native buffer layout (2 pixels per byte).
+ *
+ * Owns buffer sizing, fill()/clear()/draw_pixel_at() and the chunked SPI transfer loop shared by
+ * this family of controllers. Concrete subclasses supply only their RGB -> 4-bit color mapping via
+ * color_to_native() plus their IC-specific power/refresh/sleep command sequences.
+ */
+class EPaper4bpp : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaper4bpp(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+             size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_COLOR) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = width * height / 2;  // 2 pixels per byte
+  }
+
+  void fill(Color color) override;
+  void clear() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+
+  /// Map an RGB color to this panel's native 4-bit color key (low nibble).
+  virtual uint8_t color_to_native(Color color) = 0;
+
+  static constexpr uint8_t CMD_TRANSFER_DATA = 0x10;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_inkplate6color.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_inkplate6color.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b81542b6c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_inkplate6color.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Reference: https://github.com/SolderedElectronics/Inkplate-Arduino-library (src/boards/Inkplate6COLOR)
+
+#include "epaper_spi_inkplate6color.h"
+#include "colorconv.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.inkplate6color";
+
+// Native hardware color codes for this panel's 4-bit color values.
+enum Inkplate6ColorHex : uint8_t {
+  BLACK = 0,
+  WHITE = 1,
+  GREEN = 2,
+  BLUE = 3,
+  RED = 4,
+  YELLOW = 5,
+  ORANGE = 6,
+};
+
+uint8_t EPaperInkplate6Color::color_to_native(Color color) {
+  return color_to_bwyrgbo<uint8_t>(color, BLACK, WHITE, YELLOW, RED, GREEN, BLUE, ORANGE);
+}
+
+void EPaperInkplate6Color::power_on() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power on");
+  this->command(0x04);
+}
+
+void EPaperInkplate6Color::power_off() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power off");
+  this->command(0x02);
+}
+
+void EPaperInkplate6Color::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh");  // full refresh only; partial is unused
+  this->cmd_data(0x12, {0x00});
+}
+
+void EPaperInkplate6Color::deep_sleep() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+  this->cmd_data(0x07, {0xA5});
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_inkplate6color.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_inkplate6color.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b00552ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_inkplate6color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi_4bpp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+// Soldered Inkplate 6COLOR: 600x448 7-color (black/white/green/blue/red/yellow/orange) e-paper,
+// UC8159-family controller.
+class EPaperInkplate6Color final : public EPaper4bpp {
+ public:
+  using EPaper4bpp::EPaper4bpp;
+
+ protected:
+  uint8_t color_to_native(Color color) override;
+
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override;
+  void power_off() override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_mono.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_mono.cpp
index ee117304c4..fffb2b5e84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_mono.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_mono.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@ void EPaperMono::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
 }
 
 void EPaperMono::deep_sleep() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
-  if (this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
-    this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x00});  // sleep in power on mode
-  } else {
+  // Deep sleep loses RAM so cannot be used with partial update
+  if (!this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
     this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x03});  // deep sleep
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.cpp
index 1ef2dd12c3..f47d37d550 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.cpp
@@ -1,76 +1,23 @@
 #include "epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
+#include "colorconv.h"
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.6c";
-static constexpr unsigned char GRAY_THRESHOLD = 50;
 
-enum E6Color {
-  BLACK,
-  WHITE,
-  YELLOW,
-  RED,
-  SKIP_1,
-  BLUE,
-  GREEN,
-  CYAN,
-  SKIP_2,
+// Native hardware color codes for this panel's 4-bit color values.
+enum E6Color : uint8_t {
+  BLACK = 0,
+  WHITE = 1,
+  YELLOW = 2,
+  RED = 3,
+  BLUE = 5,
+  GREEN = 6,
 };
 
-static uint8_t color_to_hex(Color color) {
-  // --- Step 1: Check for Grayscale (Black or White) ---
-  // We define "grayscale" as a color where the min and max components
-  // are close to each other.
-  unsigned char max_rgb = std::max({color.r, color.g, color.b});
-  unsigned char min_rgb = std::min({color.r, color.g, color.b});
-
-  if ((max_rgb - min_rgb) < GRAY_THRESHOLD) {
-    // It's a shade of gray. Map to BLACK or WHITE.
-    // We split the luminance at the halfway point (382 = (255*3)/2)
-    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382) {
-      return WHITE;
-    }
-    return BLACK;
-  }
-  // --- Step 2: Check for Primary/Secondary Colors ---
-  // If it's not gray, it's a color. We check which components are
-  // "on" (over 128) vs "off". This divides the RGB cube into 8 corners.
-  bool r_on = (color.r > 128);
-  bool g_on = (color.g > 128);
-  bool b_on = (color.b > 128);
-
-  if (r_on && g_on && !b_on) {
-    return YELLOW;
-  }
-  if (r_on && !g_on && !b_on) {
-    return RED;
-  }
-  if (!r_on && g_on && !b_on) {
-    return GREEN;
-  }
-  if (!r_on && !g_on && b_on) {
-    return BLUE;
-  }
-  // Handle "impure" colors (Cyan, Magenta)
-  if (!r_on && g_on && b_on) {
-    // Cyan (G+B) -> Closest is Green or Blue. Pick Green.
-    return GREEN;
-  }
-  if (r_on && !g_on) {
-    // Magenta (R+B) -> Closest is Red or Blue. Pick Red.
-    return RED;
-  }
-  // Handle the remaining corners (White-ish, Black-ish)
-  if (r_on) {
-    // All high (but not gray) -> White
-    return WHITE;
-  }
-  // !r_on && !g_on && !b_on
-  // All low (but not gray) -> Black
-  return BLACK;
+uint8_t EPaperSpectraE6::color_to_native(Color color) {
+  return color_to_bwyrgb<uint8_t>(color, BLACK, WHITE, YELLOW, RED, GREEN, BLUE);
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::power_on() {
@@ -92,71 +39,4 @@ void EPaperSpectraE6::deep_sleep() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
   this->cmd_data(0x07, {0xA5});
 }
-
-void EPaperSpectraE6::fill(Color color) {
-  // If clipping is active, fall back to base implementation
-  if (this->get_clipping().is_set()) {
-    EPaperBase::fill(color);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  auto pixel_color = color_to_hex(color);
-
-  // We store 2 pixels per byte
-  this->buffer_.fill(pixel_color + (pixel_color << 4));
-}
-
-void EPaperSpectraE6::clear() {
-  // clear buffer to white, just like real paper.
-  this->fill(COLOR_ON);
-}
-
-void HOT EPaperSpectraE6::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
-  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
-    return;
-  auto pixel_bits = color_to_hex(color);
-  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_internal();
-  uint32_t byte_position = pixel_position / 2;
-  auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
-  if ((pixel_position & 1) != 0) {
-    this->buffer_[byte_position] = (original & 0xF0) | pixel_bits;
-  } else {
-    this->buffer_[byte_position] = (original & 0x0F) | (pixel_bits << 4);
-  }
-}
-
-bool HOT EPaperSpectraE6::transfer_data() {
-  const uint32_t start_time = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
-  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
-    this->command(0x10);
-  }
-
-  size_t buf_idx = 0;
-  uint8_t bytes_to_send[MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE];
-  while (this->current_data_index_ != buffer_length) {
-    bytes_to_send[buf_idx++] = this->buffer_[this->current_data_index_++];
-
-    if (buf_idx == sizeof bytes_to_send) {
-      this->start_data_();
-      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, buf_idx);
-      this->disable();
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrote %d bytes at %ums", buf_idx, (unsigned) millis());
-      buf_idx = 0;
-
-      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
-        // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  // Finished the entire dataset
-  if (buf_idx != 0) {
-    this->start_data_();
-    this->write_array(bytes_to_send, buf_idx);
-    this->disable();
-  }
-  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
-  return true;
-}
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h
index 9c251068af..e1e3d3d763 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h
@@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "epaper_spi.h"
+#include "epaper_spi_4bpp.h"
 
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 
-class EPaperSpectraE6 final : public EPaperBase {
+class EPaperSpectraE6 final : public EPaper4bpp {
  public:
-  EPaperSpectraE6(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
-                  size_t init_sequence_length)
-      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_COLOR) {
-    this->buffer_length_ = width * height / 2;  // 2 pixels per byte
-  }
-
-  void fill(Color color) override;
-  void clear() override;
+  using EPaper4bpp::EPaper4bpp;
 
  protected:
+  uint8_t color_to_native(Color color) override;
+
   void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
   void power_on() override;
   void power_off() override;
   void deep_sleep() override;
-  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
-
-  bool transfer_data() override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95d1fcb484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_t133a01.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.t133a01";
+
+// Color indices used in the 4bpp buffer (sprite-side)
+// These MUST match the Arduino GFX TFT_eSPI.h color definitions and
+// the remap_color()/COLOR_GET mapping:
+//   0x0F=BLACK, 0x00=WHITE, 0x02=GREEN, 0x06=RED, 0x0B=YELLOW, 0x0D=BLUE
+static constexpr uint8_t T133A01_BLACK = 0x0F;
+static constexpr uint8_t T133A01_WHITE = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t T133A01_GREEN = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t T133A01_RED = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t T133A01_YELLOW = 0x0B;
+static constexpr uint8_t T133A01_BLUE = 0x0D;
+
+// T133A01 register addresses
+static constexpr uint8_t R00_PSR = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t R01_PWR = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t R02_POF = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t R04_PON = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t R05_BTST_N = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t R06_BTST_P = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t R10_DTM = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint8_t R12_DRF = 0x12;
+static constexpr uint8_t R50_CDI = 0x50;
+static constexpr uint8_t R61_TRES = 0x61;
+static constexpr uint8_t RA5_DCDC = 0xA5;
+static constexpr uint8_t RE0_CCSET = 0xE0;
+static constexpr uint8_t RE3_PWS = 0xE3;
+
+/**
+ * COLOR_GET remap table from T133A01_Defines.h.
+ * Translates 4bpp sprite color index to the hardware pixel encoding.
+ *   Sprite: 0x0F=BLACK 0x00=WHITE 0x02=GREEN 0x06=RED 0x0B=YELLOW 0x0D=BLUE
+ *   HW:     0x00=BLACK 0x01=WHITE 0x06=GREEN 0x03=RED  0x02=YELLOW 0x05=BLUE
+ */
+uint8_t EPaperT133A01::remap_color(uint8_t index) {
+  switch (index & 0x0F) {
+    case 0x0F:
+      return 0x00;  // Black
+    case 0x00:
+      return 0x01;  // White
+    case 0x02:
+      return 0x06;  // Green
+    case 0x06:
+      return 0x03;  // Red
+    case 0x0B:
+      return 0x02;  // Yellow
+    case 0x0D:
+      return 0x05;  // Blue
+    default:
+      return 0x01;  // White fallback
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map an ESPHome Color to a 4-bit sprite color index.
+ * Index values match the Arduino GFX TFT_eSPI color definitions:
+ *   0x00=WHITE, 0x02=GREEN, 0x06=RED, 0x0B=YELLOW, 0x0D=BLUE, 0x0F=BLACK
+ */
+uint8_t EPaperT133A01::color_to_index(Color color) {
+  unsigned char max_rgb = std::max({color.r, color.g, color.b});
+  unsigned char min_rgb = std::min({color.r, color.g, color.b});
+
+  // Check for grayscale
+  if ((max_rgb - min_rgb) < 50) {
+    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382) {
+      return T133A01_WHITE;
+    }
+    return T133A01_BLACK;
+  }
+
+  bool r_on = (color.r > 128);
+  bool g_on = (color.g > 128);
+  bool b_on = (color.b > 128);
+
+  if (r_on && g_on && !b_on)
+    return T133A01_YELLOW;
+  if (r_on && !g_on && !b_on)
+    return T133A01_RED;
+  if (!r_on && g_on && !b_on)
+    return T133A01_GREEN;
+  if (!r_on && !g_on && b_on)
+    return T133A01_BLUE;
+  // Handle mixed colors: map to nearest primary
+  if (!r_on && g_on && b_on)
+    return T133A01_GREEN;  // Cyan -> Green
+  if (r_on && !g_on)
+    return T133A01_RED;  // Magenta -> Red
+  if (r_on)
+    return T133A01_WHITE;
+  return T133A01_BLACK;
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::setup() {
+  // Base setup initialises the buffer, the standard pins and the SPI bus.
+  EPaperBase::setup();
+
+  // Both chip-selects are driven directly by this driver (the dual-CS
+  // protocol needs CS held HIGH while CS1 receives data, which the SPI
+  // bus cannot do). Start both deselected (HIGH).
+  this->cs_pin_->setup();
+  this->cs_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  this->cs1_pin_->setup();
+  this->cs1_pin_->digital_write(true);
+}
+
+bool EPaperT133A01::reset() {
+  for (auto *enable_pin : this->enable_pins_) {
+    enable_pin->digital_write(true);
+  }
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    if (this->state_ == EPaperState::RESET) {
+      this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+      return false;
+    }
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialise the T133A01 display.
+ *
+ * The init sequence uses a mix of CS and CS1 commands as per the Arduino driver.
+ * The base class init_sequence is NOT used for T133A01 because the dual-CS
+ * protocol requires per-command routing.
+ */
+bool EPaperT133A01::initialise(bool partial) {
+  // Init sequence mirrors the Arduino GFX library's EPD_INIT() macro
+  // (T133A01_Defines.h). Commands routed to CS only leave CS1 deselected;
+  // commands routed to both controllers assert CS and CS1 together.
+
+  // 0x74 - panel config (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(0x74, {0x00, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xD9, 0xDD, 0xDD, 0x15, 0x15, 0x55}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0xF0 - panel config (CS + CS1)
+  this->write_command_(0xF0, {0x49, 0x55, 0x13, 0x5D, 0x05, 0x10}, true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // PSR - Panel Setting Register (CS + CS1)
+  this->write_command_(0x00, {0xDF, 0x69}, true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // DCDC (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(RA5_DCDC, {0x44, 0x54, 0x00}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // CDI (CS + CS1)
+  this->write_command_(R50_CDI, {0x37}, true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0x60 (CS + CS1)
+  this->write_command_(0x60, {0x03, 0x03}, true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0x86 (CS + CS1)
+  this->write_command_(0x86, {0x10}, true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // PWS - Phase Width Setting (CS + CS1)
+  this->write_command_(RE3_PWS, {0x22}, true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // TRES - Resolution Setting (CS + CS1).
+  // With width=1200, height=1600: first word = width = 1200, second word = height/2 = 800.
+  this->write_command_(R61_TRES,
+                       {(uint8_t) (this->width_ >> 8), (uint8_t) (this->width_ & 0xFF),
+                        (uint8_t) ((this->height_ / 2) >> 8), (uint8_t) ((this->height_ / 2) & 0xFF)},
+                       true, true);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // PWR - Power Setting (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(R01_PWR, {0x0F, 0x00, 0x28, 0x2C, 0x28, 0x38}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0xB6 (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(0xB6, {0x07}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // BTST_P (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(R06_BTST_P, {0xE0, 0x20}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0xB7 (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(0xB7, {0x01}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // BTST_N (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(R05_BTST_N, {0xE0, 0x20}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0xB0 (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(0xB0, {0x01}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  // 0xB1 (CS only)
+  this->write_command_(0xB1, {0x02}, true, false);
+  delay(10);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::write_command_(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool use_cs, bool use_cs1) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command: 0x%02X, Length: %u, CS: %d, CS1: %d", command, (unsigned) length, use_cs, use_cs1);
+  // Chip-selects are active-low: assert the requested controllers.
+  this->cs_pin_->digital_write(!use_cs);
+  this->cs1_pin_->digital_write(!use_cs1);
+  this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  this->enable();
+  this->write_byte(command);
+  if (length > 0) {
+    this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    this->write_array(data, length);
+  }
+  this->disable();
+  this->cs_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  this->cs1_pin_->digital_write(true);
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::fill(Color color) {
+  if (this->get_clipping().is_set()) {
+    EPaperBase::fill(color);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto pixel_color = color_to_index(color);
+  this->buffer_.fill(pixel_color + (pixel_color << 4));
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
+    return;
+  auto pixel_bits = color_to_index(color);
+  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_internal();
+  uint32_t byte_position = pixel_position / 2;
+  auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
+  if ((pixel_position & 1) != 0) {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = (original & 0xF0) | pixel_bits;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = (original & 0x0F) | (pixel_bits << 4);
+  }
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::power_on() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power on");
+  this->write_command_(R04_PON, true, true);
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::power_off() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power off");
+  this->write_command_(R02_POF, {0x00}, true, true);
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh screen");
+  // Display Refresh
+  this->write_command_(R12_DRF, {0x01}, true, true);
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::deep_sleep() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+  this->write_command_(0x07, {0xA5}, true, true);
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperT133A01::transfer_data() {
+  const uint32_t start_time = millis();
+  const uint16_t bytes_per_half_row = this->width_ / 4;
+  const uint16_t total_rows = this->height_;
+  const uint16_t bytes_per_row = this->width_ / 2;
+  uint8_t line_data[400] = {};
+
+  size_t half = this->current_data_index_;
+
+  // --- CCSET: select color set before data transfer (CS + CS1) ---
+  if (half == 0) {
+    this->write_command_(RE0_CCSET, {0x01}, true, true);
+    this->wait_for_idle_(true);
+    delay(10);
+  }
+
+  // --- CS phase: left half of each row via CS ---
+  // T133A01 requires CS to stay LOW for the ENTIRE DTM data stream.
+  // Toggling CS between chunks resets the controller's data pointer,
+  // causing only the last chunk to be retained. Keep CS asserted
+  // across timeout boundaries by NOT deselecting on yield.
+  if (half < total_rows) {
+    if (half == 0) {
+      this->cs_pin_->digital_write(false);  // select CS
+      this->cs1_pin_->digital_write(true);  // deselect CS1
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
+      this->enable();
+      this->write_byte(R10_DTM);
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    }
+
+    while (half < total_rows) {
+      size_t buf_offset = half * bytes_per_row;
+      for (uint16_t col = 0; col < bytes_per_half_row; col++) {
+        uint8_t b = this->buffer_[buf_offset + col];
+        line_data[col] = (remap_color(b >> 4) << 4) | remap_color(b & 0x0F);
+      }
+      this->write_array(line_data, bytes_per_half_row);
+      half++;
+      this->current_data_index_ = half;
+
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (half < total_rows) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CS phase done");
+    this->disable();
+    this->cs_pin_->digital_write(true);  // deselect CS
+  }
+
+  // --- CS1 phase: right half of each row via CS1 ---
+  // Same continuous-transaction requirement as the CS phase.
+  // CS is held HIGH so only CS1 receives the data.
+  if (half >= total_rows && half < total_rows * 2) {
+    size_t cs1_row = half - total_rows;
+
+    if (cs1_row == 0) {
+      this->cs_pin_->digital_write(true);    // deselect CS
+      this->cs1_pin_->digital_write(false);  // select CS1
+      this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
+      this->write_byte(R10_DTM);
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    }
+
+    while (half < total_rows * 2) {
+      size_t row = half - total_rows;
+      size_t buf_offset = row * bytes_per_row + bytes_per_half_row;
+      for (uint16_t col = 0; col < bytes_per_half_row; col++) {
+        uint8_t b = this->buffer_[buf_offset + col];
+        line_data[col] = (remap_color(b >> 4) << 4) | remap_color(b & 0x0F);
+      }
+      this->write_array(line_data, bytes_per_half_row);
+      half++;
+      this->current_data_index_ = half;
+
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (half < total_rows * 2) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CS1 phase done");
+    this->disable();
+    this->cs1_pin_->digital_write(true);  // deselect CS1
+  }
+
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EPaperT133A01::dump_config() {
+  EPaperBase::dump_config();
+  LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  CS1 Pin: ", this->cs1_pin_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d07fc03ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+/**
+ * T133A01-based 6-color e-paper display driver.
+ *
+ * The T133A01 controller uses a dual-CS SPI architecture:
+ *   - CS  (primary):   Controls the first half of pixel data transfer
+ *   - CS1 (secondary): Controls panel commands (init, power, refresh) and
+ *                      the second half of pixel data transfer
+ *
+ * Color depth: 4 bits per pixel, supporting 6 colors:
+ *   White, Green, Red, Yellow, Blue, Black
+ *
+ * Buffer layout: 2 pixels per byte (4bpp packed), total buffer size
+ * is width * height / 2 bytes.
+ */
+class EPaperT133A01 : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaperT133A01(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_COLOR) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = (size_t) width * height / 2;  // 2 pixels per byte at 4bpp
+  }
+
+  void set_cs_pins(GPIOPin *cs, GPIOPin *cs1) {
+    this->cs_pin_ = cs;
+    this->cs1_pin_ = cs1;
+  }
+
+  void fill(Color color) override;
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool reset() override;
+  bool initialise(bool partial) override;
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override;
+  void power_off() override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+
+  /**
+   * Send a command (and optional data) selecting one or both controllers.
+   * Both chip-selects are active-low and managed directly by this driver.
+   * @param command The command byte to send
+   * @param data Optional pointer to data bytes to send after the command
+   * @param length Number of data bytes to send after the command
+   * @param use_cs  assert CS (left controller) for this transaction
+   * @param use_cs1 assert CS1 (right controller) for this transaction
+   */
+  void write_command_(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, bool use_cs, bool use_cs1);
+  void write_command_(uint8_t command, std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data, bool use_cs, bool use_cs1) {
+    this->write_command_(command, data.begin(), data.size(), use_cs, use_cs1);
+  }
+  void write_command_(uint8_t command, bool use_cs, bool use_cs1) {
+    this->write_command_(command, nullptr, 0, use_cs, use_cs1);
+  }
+
+  /// Convert Color to 4-bit T133A01 color index
+  static uint8_t color_to_index(Color color);
+
+  /// Apply COLOR_GET remap table to translate sprite indices to hardware values
+  static uint8_t remap_color(uint8_t index);
+
+  GPIOPin *cs_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *cs1_pin_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_waveshare_bwr.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_waveshare_bwr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..004597b72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_waveshare_bwr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#include "epaper_waveshare_bwr.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+enum class BwrState : uint8_t {
+  BWR_BLACK,
+  BWR_WHITE,
+  BWR_RED,
+};
+
+static BwrState color_to_bwr(Color color) {
+  if (color.r > color.g + color.b && color.r > 127) {
+    return BwrState::BWR_RED;
+  }
+  if (color.r + color.g + color.b >= 382) {
+    return BwrState::BWR_WHITE;
+  }
+  return BwrState::BWR_BLACK;
+}
+
+// UC8179 3-color display buffer layout:
+// - 1 bit per pixel, 8 pixels per byte
+// - Buffer first half: Black/White plane (1=black, 0=white)
+// - Buffer second half: Red plane (1=red, 0=white)
+// - Total: row_width * height * 2 bytes
+
+void EPaperWaveshareBWR::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
+    return;
+
+  const uint32_t pos = (x / 8) + (y * this->row_width_);
+  const uint8_t bit = 0x80 >> (x & 0x07);
+  const uint32_t red_offset = this->buffer_length_ / 2u;
+
+  const auto bwr = color_to_bwr(color);
+
+  if (bwr == BwrState::BWR_BLACK) {
+    this->buffer_[pos] |= bit;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_[pos] &= ~bit;
+  }
+
+  if (bwr == BwrState::BWR_RED) {
+    this->buffer_[red_offset + pos] |= bit;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_[red_offset + pos] &= ~bit;
+  }
+}
+
+void EPaperWaveshareBWR::fill(Color color) {
+  const size_t half_buffer = this->buffer_length_ / 2u;
+  const auto bwr = color_to_bwr(color);
+
+  if (bwr == BwrState::BWR_BLACK) {
+    // Black plane: 0xFF (black), Red plane: 0x00 (no red)
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[i] = 0xFF;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[half_buffer + i] = 0x00;
+  } else if (bwr == BwrState::BWR_RED) {
+    // Black plane: 0x00 (no black), Red plane: 0xFF (red)
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[i] = 0x00;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[half_buffer + i] = 0xFF;
+  } else {
+    // Black plane: 0x00 (no black), Red plane: 0x00 (no red)
+    this->buffer_.fill(0x00);
+  }
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperWaveshareBWR::transfer_data() {
+  const uint32_t start_time = millis();
+  const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
+  const size_t half_buffer = buffer_length / 2u;
+
+  uint8_t bytes_to_send[MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE];
+
+  // Phase 1: send Black/White plane (first half) via command 0x10 (DTM1)
+  // UC8179 DTM1 (0x10): inverted to get 0=black, 1=white
+  if (this->current_data_index_ < half_buffer) {
+    if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+      this->command(0x10);  // DATA START TRANSMISSION 1 (black channel)
+    }
+    this->start_data_();
+    while (this->current_data_index_ < half_buffer) {
+      const size_t bytes_to_copy = std::min(MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE, half_buffer - this->current_data_index_);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+        bytes_to_send[i] = ~this->buffer_[this->current_data_index_ + i];
+      }
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, bytes_to_copy);
+      this->current_data_index_ += bytes_to_copy;
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        this->disable();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->disable();
+  }
+
+  // Phase 2: send Red plane (second half) via command 0x13 (DTM2)
+  // UC8179 DTM2 (0x13): 1=red, 0=white
+  if (this->current_data_index_ < buffer_length) {
+    if (this->current_data_index_ == half_buffer) {
+      this->command(0x13);  // DATA START TRANSMISSION 2 (red channel)
+    }
+    this->start_data_();
+    while (this->current_data_index_ < buffer_length) {
+      const size_t bytes_to_copy = std::min(MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE, buffer_length - this->current_data_index_);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+        bytes_to_send[i] = this->buffer_[this->current_data_index_ + i];
+      }
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, bytes_to_copy);
+      this->current_data_index_ += bytes_to_copy;
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        this->disable();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->disable();
+  }
+
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EPaperWaveshareBWR::power_on() {
+  this->cmd_data(0x01, {0x07, 0x17, 0x3F, 0x3F});  // POWER SETTING
+  this->command(0x04);                             // POWER ON
+}
+
+void EPaperWaveshareBWR::refresh_screen(bool /*partial*/) {
+  this->command(0x12);  // DISPLAY REFRESH
+}
+
+void EPaperWaveshareBWR::power_off() {
+  this->command(0x02);  // POWER OFF
+}
+
+void EPaperWaveshareBWR::deep_sleep() {
+  this->cmd_data(0x07, {0xA5});  // DEEP SLEEP with check code
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_waveshare_bwr.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_waveshare_bwr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a090faa14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_waveshare_bwr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+/**
+ * Waveshare 3-color e-paper displays (UC8179 controller).
+ * Supports: 7.5" V2 BWR (EDP_7in5b_V2), 800x480 pixels.
+ *
+ * Color scheme: Black, White, Red (BWR)
+ * Buffer layout: 1 bit per pixel, separate planes
+ * - Buffer first half: Black/White plane (1=black, 0=white)
+ * - Buffer second half: Red plane (1=red, 0=no red)
+ * - Total buffer: width * height / 4 bytes (2 * width * height / 8)
+ *
+ * The init sequence (INITIALISE state) sends panel configuration only.
+ * Power-on (0x01 + 0x04) is sent in the POWER_ON state after data transfer;
+ * the state machine then busy-waits before triggering REFRESH_SCREEN (0x12).
+ */
+class EPaperWaveshareBWR : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaperWaveshareBWR(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                     size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_BINARY) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = this->row_width_ * height * 2;
+  }
+
+  void fill(Color color) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override;
+  void power_off() override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/__init__.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/__init__.py
index 3fcf3217ec..34e65061f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/__init__.py
@@ -2,16 +2,20 @@ from typing import Any, Self
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIMENSIONS, CONF_HEIGHT, CONF_WIDTH
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 
 
 class EpaperModel:
     models: dict[str, Self] = {}
 
+    # Whether the driver manages chip-select itself instead of via the SPI bus.
+    manages_cs: bool = False
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         name: str,
         class_name: str,
-        initsequence=None,
+        initsequence=(),
         **defaults,
     ):
         name = name.upper()
@@ -35,6 +39,25 @@ class EpaperModel:
     def get_constructor_args(self, config) -> tuple:
         return ()
 
+    def get_config_options(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        Return model-specific configuration schema options.
+        The base implementation adds nothing; specific models override this to
+        declare extra options without cluttering the shared schema.
+        :return: A mapping suitable for cv.Schema.extend()
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    async def to_code(self, var: MockObj, config: dict) -> dict:
+        """
+        Generate model-specific code for the options added by add_options().
+        The base implementation does nothing; specific models override this.
+        The config can be updated in place to add or remove options.
+        :param var: The component variable
+        :param config: The validated configuration
+        """
+        return config
+
     def get_dimensions(self, config) -> tuple[int, int]:
         if CONF_DIMENSIONS in config:
             # Explicit dimensions, just use as is
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/inkplate6color.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/inkplate6color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33fecab848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/inkplate6color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Reference: https://github.com/SolderedElectronics/Inkplate-Arduino-library (src/boards/Inkplate6COLOR)
+
+from esphome.components.mipi import delay
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class Inkplate6ColorModel(EpaperModel):
+    def __init__(self, name, class_name="EPaperInkplate6Color", **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **kwargs)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config: dict):
+        width, height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            (0x00, 0xEF, 0x08,),  # panel setting
+            (0x01, 0x37, 0x00, 0x05, 0x05,),  # power setting
+            (0x03, 0x00,),  # power off sequence setting
+            (0x06, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0x1D,),  # booster soft start
+            (0x41, 0x00,),  # temperature sensor enable
+            (0x50, 0x37,),  # VCOM and data interval
+            (0x60, 0x20,),  # TCON setting
+            (0x61, width // 256, width % 256, height // 256, height % 256,),  # resolution set
+            (0xE3, 0xAA,),  # power saving
+            delay(100),
+            (0x50, 0x37,),  # VCOM and data interval, resent once the power-saving setting settles
+        )
+
+
+# Native orientation is landscape (600x448).
+inkplate6color = Inkplate6ColorModel(
+    "inkplate6color",
+    width=600,
+    height=448,
+    # Vendor library drives the panel at 2MHz; the controller doesn't reliably support faster rates.
+    data_rate="2MHz",
+    # Vendor library waits 200ms after releasing reset before talking to the panel.
+    reset_duration="200ms",
+    # A full 7-color refresh takes tens of seconds; disallow faster updates to avoid FSM update loops.
+    minimum_update_interval="30s",
+    # Panel's native buffer orientation is rotated 180 degrees relative to the logical
+    # rotation=0 orientation; confirmed on real hardware.
+    mirror_x=True,
+    mirror_y=True,
+    # Default GPIO pins for the on-board Inkplate 6COLOR wiring.
+    reset_pin=19,
+    dc_pin=33,
+    cs_pin=27,
+    busy_pin={
+        "number": 32,
+        "inverted": True,  # hardware: LOW=busy, HIGH=idle
+        "mode": {
+            "input": True,
+            "pullup": True,
+        },
+    },
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/t133a01.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/t133a01.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a57b95795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/t133a01.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""T133A01-based e-paper displays.
+
+The T133A01 is a 6-color e-paper controller IC that drives large panels
+(1200x1600 portrait). It uses a dual-CS SPI architecture where CS
+controls one half of the pixel data and CS1 controls the other half,
+as well as panel-level commands (power on, refresh, power off).
+
+Supported models:
+- Seeed-reTerminal-E1004: 1200x1600 pixels, 6-color (T133A01 panel)
+"""
+
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.const import CONF_CS_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+CONF_CS1_PIN = "cs1_pin"
+
+
+class T133A01Model(EpaperModel):
+    """EpaperModel subclass for T133A01-based 6-color e-paper displays."""
+
+    # The driver drives CS and CS1 directly for the dual-CS protocol.
+    manages_cs = True
+
+    def __init__(self, name, class_name="EPaperT133A01", **defaults):
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **defaults)
+
+    def get_config_options(self) -> dict:
+        # CS1 is the second chip-select required by the dual-CS architecture.
+        # fallback=None makes it required unless the model provides a default.
+        return {
+            self.option(CONF_CS1_PIN, fallback=None): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+        }
+
+    async def to_code(self, var: MockObj, config: dict) -> dict:
+        cs = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_CS_PIN])
+        cs1 = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_CS1_PIN])
+        cg.add(var.set_cs_pins(cs, cs1))
+        # Remove CS and CS1 from the config so that the base class doesn't try to handle them.
+        return {k: v for k, v in config.items() if k not in (CONF_CS_PIN, CONF_CS1_PIN)}
+
+
+t133a01_base = T133A01Model(
+    "t133a01",
+    minimum_update_interval="30s",
+    data_rate="10MHz",
+)
+
+# Seeed reTerminal E1004 - 13.3" 6-color e-paper (1200x1600, T133A01)
+# Portrait orientation (1200 wide × 1600 tall), matching the Arduino
+# Setup523 defines TFT_WIDTH=1200, TFT_HEIGHT=1600.
+# CS and CS1 each receive half of each row's pixel data
+# (300 bytes = 600 pixels per controller, for all 1600 rows).
+Seeed_reTerminal_E1004 = t133a01_base.extend(
+    "Seeed-reTerminal-E1004",
+    width=1200,
+    height=1600,
+    cs_pin=10,
+    cs1_pin=2,
+    dc_pin=11,
+    reset_pin=38,
+    busy_pin={
+        "number": 13,
+        "inverted": True,
+        "mode": {"input": True},
+    },
+    enable_pin=12,
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/waveshare_bwr.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/waveshare_bwr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e124ea7083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/waveshare_bwr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"""Waveshare Black/White/Red e-paper displays using UC8179 controller.
+
+Supported models:
+- waveshare-7.5in-bv2-bwr: 800x480 pixels (7.5" BWR display, EDP_7in5b_V2)
+
+These displays use the UC8179 controller. Panel configuration is sent during
+the INITIALISE state. Power-on is handled in the POWER_ON state, after data
+transfer, so the state machine's built-in busy wait covers the power-on delay.
+"""
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class WaveshareBWR(EpaperModel):
+    """EpaperModel class for Waveshare Black/White/Red displays using UC8179 controller."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, **defaults):
+        super().__init__(name, "EPaperWaveshareBWR", **defaults)
+
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config):
+        """Generate initialization sequence for UC8179 BWR displays.
+
+        Panel configuration only — power-on is handled separately in power_on()
+        after data transfer, with the state machine busy-waiting before refresh.
+        """
+        width, height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            # PANEL SETTING (KWR mode)
+            (0x00, 0x0F),
+            # RESOLUTION SETTING (width x height)
+            (
+                0x61,
+                (width >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                width & 0xFF,
+                (height >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                height & 0xFF,
+            ),
+            # DUAL SPI MODE (disabled)
+            (0x15, 0x00),
+            # VCOM AND DATA INTERVAL SETTING
+            (0x50, 0x11, 0x07),
+            # TCON SETTING
+            (0x60, 0x22),
+            # RESOLUTION GATE SETTING
+            (0x65, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+        )
+
+
+# Model: Waveshare 7.5" V2 BWR (EDP_7in5b_V2) — 800x480, UC8179 controller
+WaveshareBWR(
+    "waveshare-7.5in-bv2-bwr",
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+    data_rate="10MHz",
+    minimum_update_interval="30s",
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py b/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py
index f0bd8bc25a..2defdb0c35 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es7210/audio_adc.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_adc import AudioAdc
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py b/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py
index c305d60172..4916133982 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es7243e/audio_adc.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_adc import AudioAdc
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py
index c5fb6096da..305aa92125 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8156/audio_dac.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_AUDIO_DAC, CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_ID
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
     # Check all speaker configurations for ones that reference this es8156
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py
index 5941a81935..f9cfb822cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8311/audio_dac.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kroimon", "@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py
index 77e07b2e01..2616cbfa53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8388/audio_dac.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@P4uLT"]
 CONF_ES8388_ID = "es8388_id"
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py
index 068d9f9fb8..b81bcd13cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_CHIP  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..audio_dac import CONF_ES8388_ID, ES8388, es8388_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ES8388_ID])
     if dac_output_config := config.get(CONF_DAC_OUTPUT):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 9e2ad2b8e0..f8465772d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import yaml_util
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADVANCED,
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PATH,
     CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION,
     CONF_PLATFORMIO_OPTIONS,
+    CONF_PROJECT,
     CONF_REF,
     CONF_SAFE_MODE,
     CONF_SIZE,
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ from .boards import BOARDS, STANDARD_BOARDS
 from .const import (
     KEY_ARDUINO_LIBRARIES,
     KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_CERT_BUNDLE,
     KEY_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_ESP32,
     KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS,
@@ -108,7 +112,9 @@ CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE = "engineering_sample"
 CONF_INCLUDE_BUILTIN_IDF_COMPONENTS = "include_builtin_idf_components"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT = "enable_lwip_assert"
 CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM = "execute_from_psram"
+CONF_KEY_ID = "key_id"
 CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION = "minimum_chip_revision"
+CONF_NVS_ENCRYPTION = "nvs_encryption"
 CONF_RELEASE = "release"
 CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION = "signed_ota_verification"
 CONF_SIGNING_KEY = "signing_key"
@@ -116,6 +122,7 @@ CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME = "signing_scheme"
 CONF_SRAM1_AS_IRAM = "sram1_as_iram"
 CONF_SUBTYPE = "subtype"
 CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY = "verification_key"
+CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS = "verification_keys"
 
 ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_NAME = "framework-arduinoespressif32"
 ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_PKG = f"pioarduino/{ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_NAME}"
@@ -138,12 +145,22 @@ ASSERTION_LEVELS = {
     "SILENT": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_SILENT",
 }
 
+SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072 = "rsa3072"
+SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA256 = "ecdsa256"
+SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA_V1 = "ecdsa_v1"
+
 SIGNING_SCHEMES = {
-    "rsa3072": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME",
-    "ecdsa256": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_V2_SCHEME",
-    "ecdsa_v1": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME",
+    SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072: "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME",
+    SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA256: "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_V2_SCHEME",
+    SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA_V1: "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME",
 }
 
+# A Secure Boot v2 image carries at most three signature blocks, and hardware
+# secure boot exposes three eFuse key slots. The trusted-key list isn't bound by
+# the per-image limit (an incoming image need only match one trusted key), but
+# cap it at three to mirror those hardware limits.
+SIGNED_OTA_MAX_KEYS = 3
+
 # Chip variants that only support one V2 signing scheme.
 # Based on SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_RSA / SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC in soc_caps.h.
 # Variants not listed in either set support both RSA and ECDSA V2
@@ -166,6 +183,20 @@ SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32,
 }
 
+# NVS encryption (HMAC peripheral scheme) is only available on variants that
+# expose the HMAC peripheral (SOC_HMAC_SUPPORTED in soc_caps.h). The original
+# ESP32 and ESP32-C2 do not have it. New variants with an HMAC peripheral
+# should be added here.
+NVS_ENCRYPTION_HMAC_VARIANTS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32S2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C6,
+    VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+}
+
 COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
     "DEBUG": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG",
     "NONE": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_NONE",
@@ -176,34 +207,56 @@ COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
 # ESP-IDF components excluded by default to reduce compile time.
 # Components can be re-enabled by calling include_builtin_idf_component() in to_code().
 #
-# Cannot be excluded (dependencies of required components):
-# - "console": espressif/mdns unconditionally depends on it
-# - "sdmmc": driver -> esp_driver_sdmmc -> sdmmc dependency chain
+# Note: excluding a component only removes it from the initial build set.
+# ESP-IDF's requirement expansion adds an excluded component back when any
+# component still in the build REQUIRES it (e.g. espressif/mdns pulls
+# "console" back in, esp_http_client pulls "tcp_transport" back in), so
+# exclusions here are safe for such components and simply become no-ops in
+# builds that need them.
 DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_IDF_COMPONENTS = (
+    "app_trace",  # CPU trace/SystemView support - unused by ESPHome
     "cmock",  # Unit testing mock framework - ESPHome doesn't use IDF's testing
+    "console",  # Console REPL - unused by ESPHome; espressif/mdns pulls it back when configured
     "driver",  # Legacy driver shim - only needed by esp32_touch, esp32_can for legacy headers
+    "esp-tls",  # TLS wrapper - re-included by http_request, mqtt, web_server_idf
     "esp_adc",  # ADC driver - only needed by adc component
+    "esp_driver_cam",  # Camera driver - the esp32-camera managed component pulls it back
     "esp_driver_dac",  # DAC driver - only needed by esp32_dac component
+    "esp_driver_gptimer",  # General purpose timer - re-included by ac_dimmer, opentherm, Arduino BLE libs
+    "esp_driver_i2c",  # I2C driver - re-included by i2c; esp32-camera pulls it back itself
     "esp_driver_i2s",  # I2S driver - only needed by i2s_audio component
+    "esp_driver_ledc",  # LEDC PWM driver - re-included by ledc; esp32-camera pulls it back itself
     "esp_driver_mcpwm",  # MCPWM driver - ESPHome doesn't use motor control PWM
     "esp_driver_pcnt",  # PCNT driver - only needed by pulse_counter, hlw8012 components
     "esp_driver_rmt",  # RMT driver - only needed by remote_transmitter/receiver, neopixelbus
+    "esp_driver_sdio",  # SDIO device-mode driver - unused by ESPHome
+    "esp_driver_sdm",  # Sigma-delta modulation driver - unused by ESPHome
+    "esp_driver_sdmmc",  # SD/MMC host driver - unused by ESPHome
+    "esp_driver_sdspi",  # SD-over-SPI driver - unused by ESPHome
     "esp_driver_touch_sens",  # Touch sensor driver - only needed by esp32_touch
     "esp_driver_twai",  # TWAI/CAN driver - only needed by esp32_can component
     "esp_eth",  # Ethernet driver - only needed by ethernet component
+    "esp_gdbstub",  # GDB stub panic handler - unused by ESPHome; bt pulls it back
     "esp_hid",  # HID host/device support - ESPHome doesn't implement HID functionality
     "esp_http_client",  # HTTP client - only needed by http_request component
+    "esp_http_server",  # HTTP server - re-included by web_server_idf, esp32_camera_web_server
     "esp_https_ota",  # ESP-IDF HTTPS OTA - ESPHome has its own OTA implementation
     "esp_https_server",  # HTTPS server - ESPHome has its own web server
     "esp_lcd",  # LCD controller drivers - only needed by display component
     "esp_local_ctrl",  # Local control over HTTPS/BLE - ESPHome has native API
     "espcoredump",  # Core dump support - ESPHome has its own debug component
     "fatfs",  # FAT filesystem - ESPHome doesn't use filesystem storage
+    "json",  # cJSON library - ESPHome uses ArduinoJson instead
     "mqtt",  # ESP-IDF MQTT library - ESPHome has its own MQTT implementation
+    "nvs_sec_provider",  # NVS encryption key provider - re-included when CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION is set
     "openthread",  # Thread protocol - only needed by openthread component
     "perfmon",  # Xtensa performance monitor - ESPHome has its own debug component
+    "protobuf-c",  # Protobuf runtime - only used by provisioning components (also excluded)
     "protocomm",  # Protocol communication for provisioning - unused by ESPHome
+    "rt",  # POSIX realtime extensions - unused by ESPHome
+    "sdmmc",  # SD/MMC protocol layer - only used by SD drivers and fatfs (also excluded)
     "spiffs",  # SPIFFS filesystem - ESPHome doesn't use filesystem storage (IDF only)
+    "tcp_transport",  # Transport layer - esp_http_client/mqtt pull it back when re-included
     "ulp",  # ULP coprocessor - not currently used by any ESPHome component
     "unity",  # Unit testing framework - ESPHome doesn't use IDF's testing
     "wear_levelling",  # Flash wear levelling for fatfs - unused since fatfs unused
@@ -294,6 +347,10 @@ ARDUINO_LIBRARY_IDF_COMPONENTS: dict[str, tuple[str, ...]] = {
     "Zigbee": ("espressif__esp-zigbee-lib", "espressif__esp-zboss-lib"),
 }
 
+# Arduino libraries whose sources reference esp_crt_bundle_attach without a
+# CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE guard, so enabling them needs the bundle.
+ARDUINO_LIBRARIES_NEEDING_CERT_BUNDLE = frozenset({"NetworkClientSecure"})
+
 # Arduino library to Arduino library dependencies
 # When enabling one library, also enable its dependencies
 # Kconfig "select" statements don't work with CONFIG_ARDUINO_SELECTIVE_COMPILATION
@@ -542,6 +599,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     return [
         {
             "title": "Factory format (Previously Modern)",
@@ -592,6 +652,27 @@ class RawSdkconfigValue:
 SdkconfigValueType = bool | int | HexInt | str | RawSdkconfigValue
 
 
+def is_idf_sdkconfig_option_enabled(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when a bool sdkconfig option resolves to ``y``.
+
+    Handles both the ``True`` a component sets and the raw ``y`` a user sets
+    in ``sdkconfig_options``.
+    """
+    value = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get(name)
+    return value is not None and _format_sdkconfig_val(value) == "y"
+
+
+def set_idf_sdkconfig_default(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType) -> None:
+    """Set an sdkconfig option unless it is already set.
+
+    For the FINAL priority reconcile jobs: they run after every to_code,
+    including the user's sdkconfig_options, and must not override an
+    existing value.
+    """
+    if name not in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]:
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, value)
+
+
 def add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType):
     """Set an esp-idf sdkconfig value."""
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS][name] = value
@@ -611,7 +692,6 @@ class NetworkSdkconfigData:
     wifi_ap: bool = False  # WiFi AP mode configured
     ethernet: bool = False  # Ethernet component active
     bluetooth: bool = False  # any BLE component active
-    ble_42: bool = False  # BLE 4.2 features needed
     software_coexistence: bool = False  # WiFi/BT software coexistence requested
     # esp32 advanced enable_lwip_dhcp_server option (True/False/None=unset)
     enable_lwip_dhcp_server: bool | None = None
@@ -637,12 +717,10 @@ def request_ethernet() -> None:
     _network_sdkconfig().ethernet = True
 
 
-def request_bluetooth(ble_42: bool = False) -> None:
-    """Request the Bluetooth controller. Pass ble_42=True for 4.2 features."""
+def request_bluetooth() -> None:
+    """Request the Bluetooth controller."""
     net = _network_sdkconfig()
     net.bluetooth = True
-    if ble_42:
-        net.ble_42 = True
 
 
 def request_software_coexistence() -> None:
@@ -710,6 +788,17 @@ def include_builtin_idf_component(name: str) -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS].discard(name)
 
 
+def get_excluded_builtin_components() -> list[str]:
+    """Return the sorted built-in IDF components excluded from the build.
+
+    The set reaches both build writers as the ``EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS`` CMake
+    arg (registered via ``cg.add_cmake_arg`` at FINAL priority); the native
+    ESP-IDF writer also reads it directly to filter the built-in component
+    list.
+    """
+    return sorted(CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP32, {}).get(KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS, ()))
+
+
 def _enable_arduino_library(name: str) -> None:
     """Enable an Arduino library that is disabled by default.
 
@@ -728,6 +817,10 @@ def _enable_arduino_library(name: str) -> None:
     # Also enable any required IDF components
     for idf_component in ARDUINO_LIBRARY_IDF_COMPONENTS.get(name, ()):
         include_builtin_idf_component(idf_component)
+    if not ARDUINO_LIBRARIES_NEEDING_CERT_BUNDLE.isdisjoint(
+        {name, *ARDUINO_LIBRARY_DEPENDENCIES.get(name, ())}
+    ):
+        require_certificate_bundle()
 
 
 def add_extra_script(stage: str, filename: str, path: Path):
@@ -797,14 +890,16 @@ def _is_framework_url(source: str) -> bool:
 # The default/recommended arduino framework version
 #  - https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases
 ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    "recommended": cv.Version(3, 3, 9),
-    "latest": cv.Version(3, 3, 9),
-    "dev": cv.Version(3, 3, 9),
+    "recommended": cv.Version(3, 3, 11),
+    "latest": cv.Version(3, 3, 11),
+    "dev": cv.Version(3, 3, 11),
 }
 ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
     cv.Version(
         4, 0, 0, "alpha1"
     ): "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32.git#prep_IDF6",
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 11): cv.Version(55, 3, 311),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 10): cv.Version(55, 3, 39),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 9): cv.Version(55, 3, 39),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 8): cv.Version(55, 3, 38, "1"),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 7): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
@@ -827,6 +922,8 @@ ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # See: https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases
 ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
     cv.Version(4, 0, 0, "alpha1"): cv.Version(6, 0, 1),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 11): cv.Version(5, 5, 5),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 10): cv.Version(5, 5, 5),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 9): cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 8): cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 7): cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"),
@@ -848,9 +945,9 @@ ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # The default/recommended esp-idf framework version
 #  - https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/releases
 ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    "recommended": cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
-    "latest": cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
-    "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
+    "recommended": cv.Version(5, 5, 5),
+    "latest": cv.Version(5, 5, 5),
+    "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 5),
 }
 
 ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
@@ -860,6 +957,7 @@ ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
     cv.Version(
         6, 0, 0
     ): "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32.git#prep_IDF6",
+    cv.Version(5, 5, 5): cv.Version(55, 3, 311),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 4): cv.Version(55, 3, 39),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 3): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
@@ -880,8 +978,8 @@ ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # The platform-espressif32 version
 #  - https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases
 PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    "recommended": cv.Version(55, 3, 39),
-    "latest": cv.Version(55, 3, 39),
+    "recommended": cv.Version(55, 3, 311),
+    "latest": cv.Version(55, 3, 311),
     "dev": "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32.git#develop",
 }
 
@@ -1008,17 +1106,11 @@ def _check_esp_idf_versions(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_toolchain(value) -> Toolchain:
-    return Toolchain(cv.one_of(*(t.value for t in Toolchain), lower=True)(value))
-
-
-def _resolve_toolchain(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    # Resolve toolchain: CLI (already on CORE.toolchain) > YAML > default.
-    # Runs before _detect_variant so downstream validators can rely on
-    # CORE.toolchain instead of re-resolving it from the config dict.
-    if CORE.toolchain is None:
-        CORE.toolchain = value.get(CONF_TOOLCHAIN, Toolchain.ESP_IDF)
-    return value
+_TOOLCHAINS = (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.ESP_IDF)
+_validate_toolchain = cv.toolchain_enum(_TOOLCHAINS)
+# Runs before _detect_variant so downstream validators can rely on
+# CORE.toolchain instead of re-resolving it from the config dict.
+_resolve_toolchain = cv.resolve_toolchain("ESP32", _TOOLCHAINS, Toolchain.ESP_IDF)
 
 
 def _check_versions(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -1038,6 +1130,26 @@ def _parse_pio_platform_version(value):
         return value
 
 
+def _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value: ConfigType) -> bool:
+    """Fill in CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE when unset, warning that production
+    silicon (rev3) is assumed. Returns the normalized flag."""
+    if (engineering_sample := value.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE)) is None:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Defaulting to ESP32-P4 production silicon (rev3).\n"
+            "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), add this to your config:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "  esp32:\n"
+            "    engineering_sample: true\n"
+            "\n"
+            "To check your chip revision, look for 'chip revision: vX.Y' in the boot log.\n"
+            "Engineering samples will show a revision below v3.0.\n"
+            "The 'debug:' component also reports the revision (e.g. Revision: 100 = v1.0, 300 = v3.0)."
+        )
+        engineering_sample = False
+        value[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE] = engineering_sample
+    return engineering_sample
+
+
 def _detect_variant(value):
     board = value.get(CONF_BOARD)
     variant = value.get(CONF_VARIANT)
@@ -1050,6 +1162,8 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
         # name rather than carrying a PIO board name through the IDF build.
         if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
             value = value.copy()
+            if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+                _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value)
             value[CONF_BOARD] = VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant].lower()
             return value
         if variant not in STANDARD_BOARDS:
@@ -1060,22 +1174,8 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             )
         value = value.copy()
         value[CONF_BOARD] = STANDARD_BOARDS[variant]
-        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
-            engineering_sample = value.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE)
-            if engineering_sample is None:
-                _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "No board specified for ESP32-P4. Defaulting to production silicon (rev3).\n"
-                    "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), add this to your config:\n"
-                    "\n"
-                    "  esp32:\n"
-                    "    engineering_sample: true\n"
-                    "\n"
-                    "To check your chip revision, look for 'chip revision: vX.Y' in the boot log.\n"
-                    "Engineering samples will show a revision below v3.0.\n"
-                    "The 'debug:' component also reports the revision (e.g. Revision: 100 = v1.0, 300 = v3.0)."
-                )
-            elif engineering_sample:
-                value[CONF_BOARD] = "esp32-p4-evboard"
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4 and _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value):
+            value[CONF_BOARD] = "esp32-p4-evboard"
     elif board in BOARDS:
         variant = variant or BOARDS[board][KEY_VARIANT]
         if variant != BOARDS[board][KEY_VARIANT]:
@@ -1085,6 +1185,14 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             )
         value = value.copy()
         value[CONF_VARIANT] = variant
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            board_is_es = BOARDS[board].get("engineering_sample", False)
+            engineering_sample = value.setdefault(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE, board_is_es)
+            if engineering_sample != board_is_es:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE}' does not match board '{board}'",
+                    path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
+                )
     elif not variant:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This board is unknown, if you are sure you want to compile with this board selection, "
@@ -1096,15 +1204,259 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             "This board is unknown; the specified variant '%s' will be used but this may not work as expected.",
             variant,
         )
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            value = value.copy()
+            _normalize_p4_engineering_sample(value)
     return value
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def _ota_downgrade_protection_errors(
+    project_version: str | None, signed_ota_enabled: bool
+) -> list[cv.Invalid]:
+    """Validate prerequisites for OTA downgrade protection.
+
+    Called only when the feature is enabled. Returns a ``cv.Invalid`` for each
+    unmet requirement: a dotted-numeric project version (the firmware version
+    compared on-device) and signed OTA (so the embedded version cannot be
+    forged).
+    """
+    path = [CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION]
+    errs: list[cv.Invalid] = []
+    if not project_version:
+        errs.append(
+            cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION}' requires a "
+                f"'{CONF_PROJECT}' with a '{CONF_VERSION}' to be set in the "
+                f"'{CONF_ESPHOME}' section; this version is the firmware version "
+                "compared during OTA.",
+                path=path,
+            )
+        )
+    elif not re.fullmatch(r"\d+(\.\d+)*", project_version):
+        # The on-device comparison parses dotted-numeric versions only.
+        errs.append(
+            cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION}' requires the "
+                f"'{CONF_PROJECT}' '{CONF_VERSION}' to be dotted-numeric (such "
+                f"as '1.2.3'), got '{project_version}'.",
+                path=path,
+            )
+        )
+    if not signed_ota_enabled:
+        errs.append(
+            cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION}' requires "
+                f"'{CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION}' to be enabled; without signed "
+                "OTA the embedded version cannot be trusted.",
+                path=path,
+            )
+        )
+    return errs
+
+
+def _sbv2_rsa_key_digest(path: Path) -> bytes:
+    """SHA-256 of a public key's Secure Boot v2 signature-block key region.
+
+    This hashes the 776-byte {n, e, rinv, m'} region exactly as the ROM lays it
+    out -- i.e. the value the device computes per signature block and the one
+    ``espsecure digest-sbv2-public-key`` prints, not a hash of the DER key.
+    """
+    import hashlib
+    import struct
+
+    from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
+    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
+        load_pem_private_key,
+        load_pem_public_key,
+    )
+
+    data = path.read_bytes()
+    try:
+        if b"PUBLIC KEY" in data:
+            public_key = load_pem_public_key(data)
+        else:
+            # verification_keys only needs the public half; warn so the private
+            # key doesn't end up committed alongside the config.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "'%s' is a private key, but '%s' needs only the public key. Use a "
+                "public-key PEM or the 64-hex digest (espsecure "
+                "digest-sbv2-public-key) so the private key stays out of your config.",
+                path,
+                CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS,
+            )
+            public_key = load_pem_private_key(data, password=None).public_key()
+    except (ValueError, TypeError, UnsupportedAlgorithm) as err:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not load key '{path}': {err}") from err
+    if not isinstance(public_key, rsa.RSAPublicKey) or public_key.key_size != 3072:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS}' entries must be RSA-3072 keys; "
+            f"'{path}' is not."
+        )
+    numbers = public_key.public_numbers()
+    n, e = numbers.n, numbers.e
+    m = (-pow(n, -1, 1 << 32)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+    rinv = (1 << (public_key.key_size * 2)) % n
+    blob = struct.pack(
+        "<384sI384sI",
+        n.to_bytes(384, "big")[::-1],
+        e,
+        rinv.to_bytes(384, "big")[::-1],
+        m,
+    )
+    return hashlib.sha256(blob).digest()
+
+
+def _validate_trusted_key(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Normalize a trusted key to its 64-hex-char signature-block digest.
+
+    Accepts either the digest directly (so CI can inject it without shipping a
+    key file) or a PEM key file whose digest is computed here. Typed ``Any``
+    because YAML hands validators the parsed value -- e.g. an unquoted ``0x...``
+    digest arrives as an int, which the guard below rejects with advice to quote.
+    """
+    # An unquoted 0x... or all-digit digest is parsed by YAML as an int before it
+    # reaches here, so it never looks like a string digest -- reject it clearly
+    # rather than letting it fall through to cv.file_ as a bogus path.
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Expected a key file path or a 64-character hex digest, got {value!r}. "
+            f"Quote the digest so YAML keeps it as text (an unquoted '0x...' or "
+            f"all-digit value is parsed as a number)."
+        )
+    stripped = value.strip()
+    if re.fullmatch(r"[0-9A-Fa-f]{64}", stripped):
+        return stripped.lower()
+    # An all-hex value that isn't exactly 64 chars is a mangled digest, not a
+    # path: a truncated or 0x-prefixed CI variable would otherwise fall through
+    # and fail as "file not found", pointing at the wrong problem.
+    if re.fullmatch(r"(?:0x)?[0-9A-Fa-f]+", stripped):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{stripped}' looks like a key digest but must be exactly 64 hex "
+            f"characters (a SHA-256, no '0x' prefix); check for truncation."
+        )
+    return _sbv2_rsa_key_digest(cv.file_(value)).hex()
+
+
+_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SIGNING_KEY): cv.file_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY): cv.file_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS): cv.All(
+            cv.ensure_list(_validate_trusted_key),
+            cv.Length(min=1, max=SIGNED_OTA_MAX_KEYS),
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME, default=SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072): cv.one_of(
+            *SIGNING_SCHEMES, lower=True
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def _validate_signed_ota_verification(value):
+    if value is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        # Expose the inner schema so the language-schema dumper can walk the
+        # signing_key / verification_key / signing_scheme options.
+        return _SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION_SCHEMA
+    if value is None:
+        # A bare `signed_ota_verification:` block is valid: the default V2
+        # scheme needs no keys (verify externally-signed binaries).
+        value = {}
+    return _validate_signed_ota_keys(_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION_SCHEMA(value))
+
+
+def _validate_signed_ota_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Validate the signing/verification key combination for the selected scheme.
+
+    A verification key is only used by the Secure Boot V1 scheme (ecdsa_v1):
+    the public key is compiled into the app so it can verify externally-signed
+    images. ESP-IDF's CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY only takes effect
+    when the V1 ECDSA scheme is selected and binaries are not signed during
+    the build (see SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY in the bootloader Kconfig).
+
+    The V2 schemes (rsa3072, ecdsa256) embed the public key in the signature
+    block appended to each image, so verifying externally-signed binaries
+    needs no key in the config at all -- omitting both keys selects that
+    external-signing mode.
+
+    For external RSA (rsa3072, no signing key), an optional 'verification_keys'
+    list names the keys the running app trusts. ESPHome then verifies OTA
+    signatures against that compiled-in set instead of IDF's single-block
+    check, which enables key rotation and multi-provider backup keys.
+    """
+    has_signing_key = CONF_SIGNING_KEY in config
+    has_verification_key = CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY in config
+    has_verification_keys = CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS in config
+    scheme = config[CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME]
+    if has_signing_key and has_verification_key:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Provide at most one of '{CONF_SIGNING_KEY}' and "
+            f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY}', not both.",
+            path=[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY],
+        )
+    if has_verification_keys:
+        if scheme != SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS}' is only used with signing scheme "
+                f"'rsa3072' (externally-signed RSA images). With '{scheme}' the "
+                f"public key travels in each image's signature block.",
+                path=[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS],
+            )
+        if has_signing_key:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS}' verifies externally-signed images "
+                f"and cannot be combined with '{CONF_SIGNING_KEY}' (which signs "
+                f"during the build). Provide one or the other.",
+                path=[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS],
+            )
+        if has_verification_key:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Provide at most one of '{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY}' and "
+                f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS}', not both.",
+                path=[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS],
+            )
+        keys = config[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS]
+        if len(set(keys)) != len(keys):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS}' entries must be unique (duplicate "
+                f"keys add nothing and waste a trusted-set slot).",
+                path=[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS],
+            )
+    if scheme == SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA_V1:
+        if not has_signing_key and not has_verification_key:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1' requires either '{CONF_SIGNING_KEY}' "
+                f"(to sign binaries during the build) or '{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY}' "
+                f"(to verify binaries signed externally).",
+                path=[CONF_SIGNING_KEY],
+            )
+    elif has_verification_key:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY}' is only used with signing scheme "
+            f"'ecdsa_v1'. With '{scheme}' the public key is embedded in each "
+            f"image's signature block, so no key file is needed to verify "
+            f"externally-signed binaries: remove '{CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY}', and "
+            f"set '{CONF_SIGNING_KEY}' only if binaries should be signed during "
+            f"the build.",
+            path=[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def final_validate(config) -> None:
     # Imported locally to avoid circular import issues
     from esphome.components.psram import DOMAIN as PSRAM_DOMAIN
 
     from .gpio import final_validate_pins
 
+    # Remove before 2027.2.0
+    if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The 'platformio' toolchain for ESP32 is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in ESPHome 2027.2.0. Please use 'toolchain: esp-idf' instead."
+        )
+
     errs = []
     conf_fw = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
     advanced = conf_fw[CONF_ADVANCED]
@@ -1158,20 +1510,6 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
             )
         )
-    if (
-        config[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_ESP32P4
-        and config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE) is not None
-    ):
-        board_is_es = BOARDS.get(config[CONF_BOARD], {}).get(
-            "engineering_sample", False
-        )
-        if config[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE] != board_is_es:
-            errs.append(
-                cv.Invalid(
-                    f"'{CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE}' does not match board '{config[CONF_BOARD]}'",
-                    path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
-                )
-            )
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
         if config[CONF_VARIANT] not in {VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4}:
             errs.append(
@@ -1227,7 +1565,10 @@ def final_validate(config):
         ]
 
         # V1 ECDSA is only available on the original ESP32
-        if scheme == "ecdsa_v1" and variant not in SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS:
+        if (
+            scheme == SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA_V1
+            and variant not in SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS
+        ):
             errs.append(
                 cv.Invalid(
                     f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1' is only supported on "
@@ -1240,7 +1581,9 @@ def final_validate(config):
             # On ESP32, V2 RSA requires minimum_chip_revision >= 3.0
             # Note: string comparison works here because cv.one_of constrains
             # min_rev to known ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS values ("0.0".."3.1").
-            if scheme == "rsa3072" and (min_rev is None or min_rev < "3.0"):
+            if scheme == SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072 and (
+                min_rev is None or min_rev < "3.0"
+            ):
                 errs.append(
                     cv.Invalid(
                         f"Signing scheme 'rsa3072' on {VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]} "
@@ -1251,7 +1594,7 @@ def final_validate(config):
                     )
                 )
             # ESP32 does not support V2 ECDSA (no SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC)
-            elif scheme == "ecdsa256":
+            elif scheme == SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA256:
                 errs.append(
                     cv.Invalid(
                         f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa256' is not supported on "
@@ -1261,7 +1604,11 @@ def final_validate(config):
                     )
                 )
             # V1 on rev 3.0+ -- suggest V2 RSA for stronger security
-            elif scheme == "ecdsa_v1" and min_rev is not None and min_rev >= "3.0":
+            elif (
+                scheme == SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA_V1
+                and min_rev is not None
+                and min_rev >= "3.0"
+            ):
                 _LOGGER.info(
                     "Using Secure Boot V1 ECDSA on %s rev %s. "
                     "Consider using 'rsa3072' (Secure Boot V2 RSA) for "
@@ -1272,8 +1619,14 @@ def final_validate(config):
         else:
             # Non-ESP32 variants: check V2 scheme-variant compatibility
             scheme_variant_conflicts = {
-                "ecdsa256": (SIGNED_OTA_V2_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS, "rsa3072"),
-                "rsa3072": (SIGNED_OTA_V2_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS, "ecdsa256"),
+                SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA256: (
+                    SIGNED_OTA_V2_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS,
+                    SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072,
+                ),
+                SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072: (
+                    SIGNED_OTA_V2_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS,
+                    SIGNING_SCHEME_ECDSA256,
+                ),
             }
             if (
                 conflict := scheme_variant_conflicts.get(scheme)
@@ -1300,15 +1653,44 @@ def final_validate(config):
             )
         else:
             _LOGGER.info(
-                "Signed OTA verification is configured with a public verification key. "
+                "Signed OTA verification is enabled without a signing key. "
                 "Binaries will NOT be signed automatically during build. "
                 "You must sign them externally before flashing."
             )
+    if (nvs_enc := advanced.get(CONF_NVS_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+        variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
+        if variant in NVS_ENCRYPTION_HMAC_VARIANTS:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "NVS encryption will burn an HMAC key into eFuse key block %d on the "
+                "first boot of each device. This is PERMANENT and IRREVERSIBLE: "
+                "the block cannot be erased or reused afterwards. Enabling (or "
+                "later disabling) encryption also wipes any previously saved "
+                "preferences once, because the older data can no longer be read.",
+                nvs_enc[CONF_KEY_ID],
+            )
+        else:
+            supported = ", ".join(
+                sorted(VARIANT_FRIENDLY[v] for v in NVS_ENCRYPTION_HMAC_VARIANTS)
+            )
+            errs.append(
+                cv.Invalid(
+                    f"NVS encryption (HMAC scheme) is not supported on "
+                    f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]} (it has no HMAC peripheral). "
+                    f"Supported variants: {supported}.",
+                    path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_NVS_ENCRYPTION],
+                )
+            )
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION]:
+        project = full_config[CONF_ESPHOME].get(CONF_PROJECT)
+        errs.extend(
+            _ota_downgrade_protection_errors(
+                project[CONF_VERSION] if project else None,
+                bool(advanced.get(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION)),
+            )
+        )
     if errs:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errs)
 
-    return config
-
 
 CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS = "sdkconfig_options"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER = "enable_lwip_dhcp_server"
@@ -1378,6 +1760,16 @@ def require_vfs_termios() -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
+def require_certificate_bundle() -> None:
+    """Enable the mbedTLS root certificate bundle for this build.
+
+    The bundle is off by default; components that verify TLS server
+    certificates (http_request, audio streaming) call this so the bundle is
+    compiled and gen_crt_bundle runs only when something uses it.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_CERT_BUNDLE] = True
+
+
 def require_full_certificate_bundle() -> None:
     """Request the full certificate bundle instead of the common-CAs-only bundle.
 
@@ -1387,6 +1779,7 @@ def require_full_certificate_bundle() -> None:
 
     Call this from components that need to connect to services using uncommon CAs.
     """
+    require_certificate_bundle()
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE] = True
 
 
@@ -1486,16 +1879,20 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF, FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO),
         cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="recommended"): cv.string_strict,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_RELEASE): cv.string_strict,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.string_strict,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION): _parse_pio_platform_version,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, default={}): {
-            cv.string_strict: cv.string_strict
-        },
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RELEASE, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+        ): _parse_pio_platform_version,
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, default={}, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+        ): {cv.string_strict: cv.string_strict},
         cv.Optional(CONF_LOG_LEVEL, default="ERROR"): cv.one_of(
             *LOG_LEVELS_IDF, upper=True
         ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED, default={}): cv.Schema(
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ADVANCED, default={}, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+        ): cv.Schema(
             {
                 cv.Optional(CONF_ASSERTION_LEVEL): cv.one_of(
                     *ASSERTION_LEVELS, upper=True
@@ -1541,17 +1938,20 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                     min=8192, max=32768
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK, default=True): cv.boolean,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION): cv.All(
-                    cv.Schema(
-                        {
-                            cv.Optional(CONF_SIGNING_KEY): cv.file_,
-                            cv.Optional(CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY): cv.file_,
-                            cv.Optional(
-                                CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME, default="rsa3072"
-                            ): cv.one_of(*SIGNING_SCHEMES, lower=True),
-                        }
-                    ),
-                    cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_SIGNING_KEY, CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION, default=False
+                ): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION
+                ): _validate_signed_ota_verification,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_NVS_ENCRYPTION): cv.Schema(
+                    {
+                        # eFuse key block (0-5) that stores the HMAC key from
+                        # which the NVS encryption keys are derived. The block is
+                        # written on first boot if empty -- an irreversible
+                        # operation -- so it must be chosen explicitly.
+                        cv.Required(CONF_KEY_ID): cv.int_range(min=0, max=5),
+                    }
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(
                     CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE, default=False
@@ -1573,7 +1973,9 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_FATFS, default=True): cv.boolean,
             }
         ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_COMPONENTS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_COMPONENTS, default=[], visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+        ): cv.ensure_list(
             cv.All(
                 cv.Any(
                     cv.All(cv.string_strict, _parse_idf_component),
@@ -1673,7 +2075,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_FLASH_FREQUENCY): cv.one_of(
                 *FLASH_FREQUENCIES, upper=True
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PARTITIONS): cv.Any(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PARTITIONS, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY): cv.Any(
                 cv.file_,
                 cv.ensure_list(
                     cv.All(
@@ -1697,7 +2099,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VARIANT): cv.one_of(*VARIANTS, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_FRAMEWORK): FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TOOLCHAIN): _validate_toolchain,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_TOOLCHAIN, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): _validate_toolchain,
             cv.Optional(CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT, default="5s"): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
                 cv.Range(min=cv.TimePeriod(seconds=5), max=cv.TimePeriod(seconds=60)),
@@ -1783,17 +2187,20 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS", max_sockets)
 
 
+def register_exclude_components_cmake_arg() -> None:
+    """Register the current exclusion set as the EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS cmake arg."""
+    if excluded := get_excluded_builtin_components():
+        cg.add_cmake_arg("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", ";".join(excluded))
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def _write_exclude_components() -> None:
     """Write EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS cmake arg after all components have registered exclusions."""
-    if KEY_ESP32 not in CORE.data:
-        return
-    excluded = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS)
-    if excluded:
-        exclude_list = ";".join(sorted(excluded))
-        cg.add_platformio_option(
-            "board_build.cmake_extra_args", f"-DEXCLUDE_COMPONENTS={exclude_list}"
-        )
+    # NVS encryption needs nvs_sec_provider however it was enabled: the
+    # nvs_encryption option, raw sdkconfig_options or another component.
+    if is_idf_sdkconfig_option_enabled("CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION"):
+        include_builtin_idf_component("nvs_sec_provider")
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
@@ -1851,6 +2258,31 @@ async def _set_libc_picolibc_newlib_compat() -> None:
     )
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _reconcile_certificate_bundle_sdkconfig() -> None:
+    """Enable the mbedTLS certificate bundle only when something asked for it.
+
+    Runs at FINAL priority so every require_certificate_bundle() call has
+    happened. Without a request the bundle is disabled, which skips
+    esp_crt_bundle.c, the gen_crt_bundle step and the x509_crt_bundle.S embed.
+    A user-supplied sdkconfig_options value takes precedence.
+    """
+    data = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32]
+    enabled = data.get(KEY_CERT_BUNDLE, False)
+    set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", enabled)
+    if not enabled:
+        return
+    # Use CMN (common CAs) bundle by default to save ~51KB flash
+    # CMN covers CAs with >1% market share (~99% of websites)
+    # Components needing uncommon CAs can call require_full_certificate_bundle()
+    use_full_bundle = data.get(KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE, False)
+    set_idf_sdkconfig_default(
+        "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL", use_full_bundle
+    )
+    if not use_full_bundle:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN", True)
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def _reconcile_network_sdkconfig() -> None:
     """Reconcile WiFi/Ethernet/Bluetooth/coexistence sdkconfig flags.
@@ -1862,37 +2294,31 @@ async def _reconcile_network_sdkconfig() -> None:
     always takes precedence.
     """
     net = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_NETWORK_SDKCONFIG, NetworkSdkconfigData())
-    opts = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
     is_arduino = CORE.using_arduino
 
-    def set_opt(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType) -> None:
-        # User sdkconfig_options (applied during to_code) win.
-        if name not in opts:
-            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, value)
-
-    # Bluetooth: only ever enable when requested. The IDF default is off and
-    # nothing sets these False today, so never write False here.
+    # Bluetooth: only ever enable when requested. The IDF default is off.
+    # According to the IDF docs, only one of 4.2 or 5.0 should be enabled.
     if net.bluetooth:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
-        if net.ble_42:
-            set_opt("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_BT_BLE_50_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", False)
 
     # WiFi stack: disable only when Ethernet is present and WiFi is not. WiFi
     # relies on the IDF default (enabled), so it is never written True here.
     wifi_disabled = net.ethernet and not net.wifi
     if wifi_disabled:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED", False)
 
     # Software coexistence: enable when requested (the schema only allows it
     # alongside WiFi). Disable only in the Ethernet-without-WiFi case.
     if net.software_coexistence:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", True)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", True)
     elif wifi_disabled:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", False)
 
     # SoftAP support: drop it when WiFi is used without AP mode (IDF only).
     if not is_arduino and net.wifi and not net.wifi_ap:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT", False)
 
     # LWIP DHCP server: a WiFi-AP-mode / enable_lwip_dhcp_server concern (not
     # coexistence). Disable when WiFi has no AP (IDF) or the enable_lwip_dhcp_server
@@ -1903,7 +2329,7 @@ async def _reconcile_network_sdkconfig() -> None:
     if (
         wifi_wants_dhcps_off or dhcp_server_disabled_by_option
     ) and not arduino_eth_exclusion:
-        set_opt("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS", False)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS", False)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
@@ -1918,6 +2344,57 @@ async def _add_yaml_idf_components(components: list[ConfigType]):
         )
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig(
+    disable_vfs_termios: bool,
+    disable_vfs_select: bool,
+    disable_vfs_dir: bool,
+    disable_fatfs: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Reconcile VFS/FATFS sdkconfig flags after all require_*() calls; user sdkconfig_options win."""
+    opts = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+
+    # USB Serial JTAG VFS needs termios (require_vfs_termios(), e.g. logger). ~1.8KB flash when off.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED, False):
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", True)
+    else:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", not disable_vfs_termios)
+
+    # VFS select is only needed for UART/eventfd fds (require_vfs_select(), e.g. openthread);
+    # sockets use lwip_select() either way. ~2.7KB flash when off.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED, False):
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", True)
+    else:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", not disable_vfs_select)
+
+    # Directory functions: opendir/readdir/mkdir etc. (require_vfs_dir()). ~0.5KB flash when off.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED, False):
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", True)
+    else:
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", not disable_vfs_dir)
+
+    # FATFS (require_fatfs()): LFN + one volume per esp_vfs_fat mount. Defaults only;
+    # sdkconfig_options override. FATFS_LONG_FILENAMES is a Kconfig choice -- if the user set
+    # any member, leave the group alone. LFN_HEAP allocates per LFN op; LFN_STACK uses stack.
+    lfn_keys = (
+        "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE",
+        "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP",
+        "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_STACK",
+    )
+    user_picked_lfn = any(k in opts for k in lfn_keys)
+    if CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED, False):
+        if not user_picked_lfn:
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", False)
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP", True)
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_MAX_LFN", 255)
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 4)
+    elif disable_fatfs:
+        if not user_picked_lfn:
+            set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", True)
+        # Kconfig range is [1,10]; 0 gets clamped to the default.
+        set_idf_sdkconfig_default("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 1)
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL - 1)
 async def _finalize_arduino_aware_flags():
     """Build flags that depend on whether arduino-esp32 is linked in.
@@ -2008,6 +2485,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
+    # NVS finds stored preferences by key, so preference key migration is possible
+    cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP")
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,-z,noexecstack")
     # Deferred so KEY_COMPONENTS is fully populated -- see the coroutine.
     CORE.add_job(_finalize_arduino_aware_flags)
@@ -2100,21 +2579,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
 
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSK_MODES", True)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)
 
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-nonnull-compare")
 
-    # Use CMN (common CAs) bundle by default to save ~51KB flash
-    # CMN covers CAs with >1% market share (~99% of websites)
-    # Components needing uncommon CAs can call require_full_certificate_bundle()
-    use_full_bundle = conf[CONF_ADVANCED].get(
-        CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE, False
-    ) or CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE, False)
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-        "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL", use_full_bundle
-    )
-    if not use_full_bundle:
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN", True)
+    if conf[CONF_ADVANCED].get(CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE, False):
+        require_full_certificate_bundle()
 
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_{variant}", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
@@ -2129,15 +2598,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
             f"CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHFREQ_{flash_frequency[:-3]}M", True
         )
 
-    # ESP32-P4: ESP-IDF 5.5.3 changed the default of ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3
-    # from y to n. PlatformIO uses sections.ld.in (for rev <3) or
-    # sections.rev3.ld.in (for rev >=3) based on board definition.
-    # Set the sdkconfig option to match the board's chip revision.
+    # ESP32-P4: pre-v3 and rev3 (v3.0+) silicon are not binary compatible.
+    # CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3 selects which layout ESP-IDF links;
+    # validation normalizes CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE from the board when unset.
     if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
-        is_eng_sample = BOARDS.get(config[CONF_BOARD], {}).get(
-            "engineering_sample", False
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3",
+            config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE, False),
         )
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3", is_eng_sample)
 
     # Set minimum chip revision for ESP32 variant
     # Setting this to 3.0 or higher reduces flash size by excluding workaround code,
@@ -2286,47 +2754,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LIBC_LOCKS_PLACE_IN_IRAM", False)
 
-    # Disable VFS support for termios (terminal I/O functions)
-    # USB Serial JTAG VFS functions require termios support.
-    # Components that need it (e.g., logger when USB_SERIAL_JTAG is supported but not selected
-    # as the logger output) call require_vfs_termios().
-    # Saves approximately 1.8KB of flash when disabled (default).
-    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component requires VFS termios - force enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", True)
-    else:
-        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS]
-        )
-
-    # Disable VFS support for select() with file descriptors
-    # ESPHome only uses select() with sockets via lwip_select(), which still works.
-    # VFS select is only needed for UART/eventfd file descriptors.
-    # Components that need it (e.g., openthread) call require_vfs_select().
-    # Saves approximately 2.7KB of flash when disabled (default).
-    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component requires VFS select - force enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", True)
-    else:
-        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT]
-        )
-
-    # Disable VFS support for directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.)
-    # ESPHome doesn't use directory functions on ESP32.
-    # Components that need it (e.g., storage components) call require_vfs_dir().
-    # Saves approximately 0.5KB+ of flash when disabled (default).
-    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component requires VFS directory support - force enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", True)
-    else:
-        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR]
-        )
-
     if use_platformio:
         cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.partitions", "partitions.csv")
     if CONF_PARTITIONS in config:
@@ -2374,12 +2801,83 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_APP_ROLLBACK_ENABLE", True)
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ROLLBACK")
 
+    # Enable software OTA downgrade protection. Embed the project version into
+    # the image's esp_app_desc_t so the OTA backend can compare it against the
+    # running version (final_validate guarantees a dotted-numeric project
+    # version and that signed OTA is enabled).
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION]:
+        project_version = CORE.config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_PROJECT][CONF_VERSION]
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_APP_PROJECT_VER_FROM_CONFIG", True)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_APP_PROJECT_VER", project_version)
+        cg.add_define("USE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION")
+
     # Enable signed app verification without hardware secure boot
     if signed_ota := advanced.get(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT", True)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_ON_UPDATE_NO_SECURE_BOOT", True)
 
         scheme = signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME]
+        # For externally-signed RSA images with a declared 'verification_keys'
+        # list, ESPHome verifies the OTA signature itself instead of using IDF's
+        # on-update check. IDF only matches the incoming image's first signature
+        # block against the running app's first, which blocks key rotation and
+        # multi-provider backup keys; ESPHome accepts an image signed by any key
+        # in the compiled-in trusted set. Without 'verification_keys' there is no
+        # trust anchor, so fall back to IDF's built-in check.
+        # The build still produces the padded unsigned image (via SECURE_
+        # SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT above); only the on-update check moves.
+        # SECURE_SIGNED_ON_UPDATE_NO_SECURE_BOOT defaults to y under
+        # SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT, so it must be set explicitly:
+        # False to hand verification to ESPHome, True to keep IDF's check.
+        # Setting it False also drives the hidden CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS to
+        # n; the 4 KiB padding and reserved signature sector the verifier
+        # depends on survive only because --secure-pad-v2 keys off
+        # CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME (set below), not that symbol.
+        external_rsa = (
+            scheme == SIGNING_SCHEME_RSA3072 and CONF_SIGNING_KEY not in signed_ota
+        )
+        verification_keys = signed_ota.get(CONF_VERIFICATION_KEYS)
+        # verification_keys is accepted only for external RSA (rsa3072 with no
+        # signing_key), enforced in _validate_signed_ota_keys. Assert the
+        # post-condition so validator/codegen drift fails the build loudly
+        # instead of silently dropping the declared trust anchor and downgrading
+        # to IDF's single-block check.
+        assert not verification_keys or external_rsa
+        multi_key = external_rsa and verification_keys
+        # Turning IDF's on-update check off is global -- it also drops the
+        # signature check from esp_ota_set_boot_partition() on the partition-table
+        # path and safe_mode's recovery rollback. Both deliberately select an
+        # already-installed image (or an MD5-checked partition table), not a
+        # freshly-downloaded one, so ESPHome's verifier only needs to cover the
+        # app and bootloader OTA paths, where a new image is actually written.
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_ON_UPDATE_NO_SECURE_BOOT", not multi_key
+        )
+        if multi_key:
+            cg.add_define("USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY")
+            # Compile the trusted key digests in as the immutable trust anchor.
+            # Each is the SHA-256 of a key's signature-block region; the verifier
+            # accepts an OTA whose signature block matches one of these.
+            digests = [bytes.fromhex(k) for k in verification_keys]
+            # Echo the resolved digests so a stale or mistyped key (which builds
+            # cleanly but leaves the device updatable only by serial reflash) is
+            # visible in the build log.
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Signed OTA verification trusts %d key digest(s): %s",
+                len(digests),
+                ", ".join(d.hex() for d in digests),
+            )
+            cg.add_define("OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_COUNT", len(digests))
+            cg.add_define(
+                "OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_DIGESTS",
+                cg.RawExpression(
+                    "{"
+                    + ",".join(
+                        "{" + ",".join(f"0x{b:02x}" for b in d) + "}" for d in digests
+                    )
+                    + "}"
+                ),
+            )
+
         for key, flag in SIGNING_SCHEMES.items():
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(flag, scheme == key)
 
@@ -2391,15 +2889,33 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_KEY].resolve().as_posix(),
             )
         else:
-            # Public key mode — verification only, external signing required
+            # External signing mode — binaries must be signed after the build
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_BUILD_SIGNED_BINARIES", False)
-            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-                "CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY",
-                signed_ota[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY].resolve().as_posix(),
-            )
+            if CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY in signed_ota:
+                # V1 ECDSA only: the public key is compiled into the app to
+                # verify externally-signed images. V2 schemes carry the public
+                # key in each image's signature block and need no key here.
+                add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+                    "CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY",
+                    signed_ota[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY].resolve().as_posix(),
+                )
 
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION")
 
+    # Encrypt NVS using the HMAC peripheral scheme. The NVS encryption keys are
+    # derived at runtime from an HMAC key stored in the configured eFuse block
+    # (no flash encryption required). The HMAC key is generated and burned into
+    # the eFuse block on first boot if it is empty. With the scheme selected,
+    # nvs_sec_provider registers it at startup and the default nvs_flash_init()
+    # (used in esp32/preferences.cpp) transparently performs the secure init, so
+    # no C++ changes are needed.
+    if (nvs_enc := advanced.get(CONF_NVS_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION", True)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_NVS_SEC_KEY_PROTECT_USING_HMAC", True)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_NVS_SEC_HMAC_EFUSE_KEY_ID", nvs_enc[CONF_KEY_ID]
+        )
+
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE", advanced[CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE])
 
     cg.add_define(
@@ -2472,6 +2988,19 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # FINAL priority: runs after every network/coexistence request_*() call
     CORE.add_job(_reconcile_network_sdkconfig)
 
+    # FINAL priority: runs after every require_certificate_bundle() call
+    CORE.add_job(_reconcile_certificate_bundle_sdkconfig)
+
+    # FINAL: require_*() calls can come from to_code at or below this priority, so an
+    # inline read would be iteration-order-dependent; reconcile once after every job ran.
+    CORE.add_job(
+        _reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig,
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS],
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT],
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR],
+        advanced[CONF_DISABLE_FATFS],
+    )
+
     # Disable regi2c control functions in IRAM
     # Only needed if using analog peripherals (ADC, DAC, etc.) from ISRs while cache is disabled
     if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_REGI2C_IN_IRAM]:
@@ -2487,19 +3016,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ADC_ONESHOT_CTRL_FUNC_IN_IRAM", True)
 
-    # Disable FATFS support
-    # Components that need FATFS (SD card, etc.) can call require_fatfs()
-    if CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED, False):
-        # Component called require_fatfs() - enable regardless of user setting
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", False)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 2)
-    elif advanced[CONF_DISABLE_FATFS]:
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE", True)
-        # Kconfig range is [1,10]; 0 gets clamped to the default.
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT", 1)
-
     for name, value in conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].items():
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, RawSdkconfigValue(value))
+    # A bundle forced on through sdkconfig_options is a request like any other,
+    # so it still gets the CMN variant pinned.
+    if conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE") == "y":
+        require_certificate_bundle()
 
     # Components from YAML are added in a separate coroutine with FINAL priority
     # Schedule it to run after all other components
@@ -2860,33 +3382,65 @@ def copy_files():
         __version__,
     )
 
+    # Remote extra build files are fetched into the shared download cache in
+    # one parallel batch (conditional requests skip unchanged files), then
+    # copied into the build tree like their local counterparts.
+    sources: dict[str, Path] = {}
+    remote: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
     for file in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES].values():
         name: str = file[KEY_NAME]
         path: Path = file[KEY_PATH]
         if str(path).startswith("http"):
-            import requests
-
-            CORE.relative_build_path(name).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            content = requests.get(path, timeout=30).content
-            CORE.relative_build_path(name).write_bytes(content)
+            remote.append((name, str(path)))
         else:
-            copy_file_if_changed(path, CORE.relative_build_path(name))
+            sources[name] = path
+    if remote:
+        # Imported lazily: requests (via external_files) is a heavy import
+        # and remote extra build files are rare.
+        from esphome import external_files
+
+        downloads: list[external_files.RemoteFile] = []
+        for name, url in remote:
+            cache_path = external_files.compute_local_file_path(KEY_ESP32, url)
+            # Unverifiable bytes: an unrevalidated copy is an error, matching
+            # the old always-download behavior on network failure.
+            downloads.append(
+                external_files.RemoteFile(url, cache_path, allow_stale=False)
+            )
+            sources[name] = cache_path
+        try:
+            external_files.download_content_many(
+                downloads, description="extra build file(s)"
+            )
+        except cv.MultipleInvalid as e:
+            details = "; ".join(str(err) for err in e.errors)
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Could not download extra build file(s): {details}"
+            ) from e
+        except cv.Invalid as e:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Could not download extra build file(s): {e}") from e
+    for name, source in sources.items():
+        copy_file_if_changed(source, CORE.relative_build_path(name))
 
 
 def _decode_pc(config, addr):
-    # _decode_pc runs from the api log processor's asyncio callback, which
-    # only catches EsphomeError. Any other exception escaping here tears down
-    # the protocol and triggers an infinite reconnect/replay loop. Convert
-    # toolchain-resolution errors (e.g. missing build dir / cmake cache) into
-    # EsphomeError so the caller can disable decoding cleanly.
+    # Convert toolchain-resolution errors (e.g. missing build dir / cmake
+    # cache) into EsphomeError. The api log processor stops decoding on any
+    # exception, so this is about the message it reports rather than about
+    # catching it at all: EsphomeError carries an explanation worth showing
+    # the user, where a raw OSError repr does not.
     if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
         from esphome.espidf import toolchain as idf_toolchain
 
         try:
             addr2line_path = idf_toolchain.get_addr2line_path()
             firmware_elf_path = idf_toolchain.get_elf_path()
-        except RuntimeError as err:
+        except (RuntimeError, OSError) as err:
+            # OSError covers a missing build directory or a cmake that isn't
+            # on PATH; both surface from the subprocess call, not as RuntimeError.
             raise EsphomeError(f"ESP-IDF toolchain not available: {err}") from err
+        if not firmware_elf_path.is_file():
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Firmware ELF not found: {firmware_elf_path}")
     else:
         from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
@@ -2917,9 +3471,10 @@ def _parse_register(config, regex, line):
 
 
 STACKTRACE_ESP32_PC_RE = re.compile(r".*PC\s*:\s*(?:0x)?(4[0-9a-fA-F]{7}).*")
-STACKTRACE_ESP32_EXCVADDR_RE = re.compile(r"EXCVADDR\s*:\s*(?:0x)?(4[0-9a-fA-F]{7})")
+STACKTRACE_ESP32_EXCVADDR_RE = re.compile(r".*EXCVADDR\s*:\s*(?:0x)?(4[0-9a-fA-F]{7})")
 STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_PC_RE = re.compile(r"MEPC\s*:\s*(?:0x)?(4[0-9a-fA-F]{7})")
 STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_RA_RE = re.compile(r"RA\s*:\s*(?:0x)?(4[0-9a-fA-F]{7})")
+STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_MTVAL_RE = re.compile(r".*MTVAL\s*:\s*(?:0x)?(4[0-9a-fA-F]{7})")
 STACKTRACE_BAD_ALLOC_RE = re.compile(
     r"^last failed alloc call: (4[0-9a-fA-F]{7})\((\d+)\)$"
 )
@@ -2937,9 +3492,10 @@ def process_stacktrace(config, line, backtrace_state):
     # ESP32 PC/EXCVADDR
     _parse_register(config, STACKTRACE_ESP32_PC_RE, line)
     _parse_register(config, STACKTRACE_ESP32_EXCVADDR_RE, line)
-    # ESP32-C3 PC/RA
+    # ESP32-C3 PC/RA/MTVAL
     _parse_register(config, STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_PC_RE, line)
     _parse_register(config, STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_RA_RE, line)
+    _parse_register(config, STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_MTVAL_RE, line)
 
     # bad alloc
     match = re.match(STACKTRACE_BAD_ALLOC_RE, line)
@@ -2962,3 +3518,10 @@ def process_stacktrace(config, line, backtrace_state):
             _decode_pc(config, addr.group())
 
     return backtrace_state
+
+
+# gpio.cpp only implements ESP32InternalGPIOPin and its ISR helpers, which
+# are instantiated solely by the pin schema codegen (esp32_pin_to_code)
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"gpio.cpp": "USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/const.py b/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
index 83fcfd233e..e7d8a66e7a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 
-KEY_ESP32 = "esp32"
+# Re-exported for the many esp32-side users; defined in esphome.const
+# and esphome.espidf so the upload/logs fast path can use them without
+# importing this package.
+from esphome.const import (  # noqa: F401  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+    KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_FLASH_SIZE,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+)
+
+# Back compat for external components only; in-tree callers import it
+# from esphome.espidf directly.
+from esphome.espidf import (  # noqa: F401  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+    variant_to_idf_target,
+)
+
 KEY_BOARD = "board"
-KEY_FLASH_SIZE = "flash_size"
-KEY_VARIANT = "variant"
 KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS = "sdkconfig_options"
 KEY_COMPONENTS = "components"
 KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS = "exclude_components"
@@ -14,8 +27,8 @@ KEY_REFRESH = "refresh"
 KEY_PATH = "path"
 KEY_SUBMODULES = "submodules"
 KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES = "extra_build_files"
+KEY_CERT_BUNDLE = "cert_bundle"
 KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE = "full_cert_bundle"
-KEY_IDF_VERSION = "idf_version"
 KEY_NETWORK_SDKCONFIG = "network_sdkconfig"
 
 VARIANT_ESP32 = "ESP32"
@@ -63,4 +76,5 @@ VARIANT_FRIENDLY = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S31: "ESP32-S31",
 }
 
+
 esp32_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 098a59937a..a6916fe739 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
@@ -29,6 +30,13 @@ void loop_task(void *pv_params) {
 }
 
 extern "C" void app_main() {
+  // Apply the custom eFuse MAC (if burned and valid) as the base MAC before any
+  // interface (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, 802.15.4) derives its address from it.
+  // The logger does not exist yet, so only log-free helpers may be used here.
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  if (get_custom_mac_address(mac)) {
+    set_mac_address(mac);
+  }
   initArduino();
   esp32::setup_preferences();
 #if CONFIG_FREERTOS_UNICORE
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
index a7de48a6ee..6f65243aaa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
 
 #include "crash_handler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/build_info_data.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -122,7 +123,16 @@ static uint8_t IRAM_ATTR capture_riscv_backtrace(RvExcFrame *frame, uint32_t *ou
 // Magic is second to validate the data. Remaining fields can change between versions.
 // Version is uint32_t because it would be padded to 4 bytes anyway before the next
 // uint32_t field, so we use the full width rather than wasting 3 bytes of padding.
-static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_DATA_VERSION = 2;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_DATA_VERSION = 4;
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+// EXCCAUSE is a 6-bit register; larger recorded values mean the frame's
+// cause/vaddr slots were never written (not a real exception frame).
+static constexpr uint32_t XTENSA_EXCCAUSE_COUNT = XCHAL_EXCCAUSE_NUM;
+#elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+// Synchronous mcause exception codes are small and have no interrupt bit;
+// anything else in a non-pseudo record is a stale slot.
+static constexpr uint32_t RISCV_EXCEPTION_CAUSE_COUNT = 32;
+#endif
 struct RawCrashData {
   uint32_t version;
   uint32_t magic;
@@ -132,7 +142,9 @@ struct RawCrashData {
   uint8_t exception;        // panic_exception_t enum (FAULT/ABORT/IWDT/TWDT/DEBUG)
   uint8_t pseudo_excause;   // Whether cause is a pseudo exception (Xtensa SoC-level panic)
   uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
-  uint32_t cause;  // Architecture-specific: exccause (Xtensa) or mcause (RISC-V)
+  uint32_t cause;       // Architecture-specific: exccause (Xtensa) or mcause (RISC-V)
+  uint32_t fault_addr;  // Faulting memory address: excvaddr (Xtensa) or mtval (RISC-V)
+  uint32_t build_time;  // ESPHOME_BUILD_TIME of the firmware that captured this record
   uint8_t crashed_core;
 #if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
   static_assert(SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM == 2, "Dual-core logic assumes exactly 2 cores");
@@ -151,6 +163,16 @@ namespace esphome::esp32 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32.crash";
 
+// RAM copy of the build timestamp. The generated constant lives in flash,
+// which the panic handler must not read (cache may be disabled during
+// cache-error panics), so the wrapper stamps the record from this mirror
+// instead. Filled during C++ dynamic initialization, well before arch_init();
+// ESPHOME_BUILD_TIME itself is constant-initialized, so the read is ordered.
+// Unqualified name on purpose: the runtime header declares it in namespace
+// esphome, while the static-analysis stub defines it as a macro.
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static uint32_t s_current_build_time = static_cast<uint32_t>(ESPHOME_BUILD_TIME);
+
 void crash_handler_read_and_clear() {
   if (s_raw_crash_data.magic == CRASH_MAGIC && s_raw_crash_data.version == CRASH_DATA_VERSION) {
     s_crash_data_valid = true;
@@ -185,10 +207,28 @@ void crash_handler_clear() {
   s_raw_crash_data.magic = 0;
 }
 
+// Whether the cause slot was written by a real exception frame.
+static bool cause_slot_was_written() {
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+  return s_raw_crash_data.cause < XTENSA_EXCCAUSE_COUNT;
+#else
+  return s_raw_crash_data.cause < RISCV_EXCEPTION_CAUSE_COUNT;
+#endif
+}
+
 // Look up the exception cause as a human-readable string.
 // Tables mirror ESP-IDF's panic_arch_fill_info() which uses local static arrays
 // not exposed via any public API.
 static const char *get_exception_reason() {
+  uint8_t exception = s_raw_crash_data.exception;
+  if (exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_ABORT || exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT) {
+    // Abort-class panics carry no cause register
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (!cause_slot_was_written()) {
+    // Garbage from old-build or corrupt records; report just the type
+    return nullptr;
+  }
 #if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
   if (s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause) {
     // SoC-level panic: watchdog, cache error, etc.
@@ -240,6 +280,16 @@ static const char *get_exception_reason() {
       nullptr,
       "LoadProhibited",
       "StoreProhibited",
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr,
+      "Cp0Dis",
+      "Cp1Dis",
+      "Cp2Dis",
+      "Cp3Dis",
+      "Cp4Dis",
+      "Cp5Dis",
+      "Cp6Dis",
+      "Cp7Dis",
   };
   uint32_t cause = s_raw_crash_data.cause;
   if (cause < sizeof(REASON) / sizeof(REASON[0]) && REASON[cause] != nullptr)
@@ -320,6 +370,56 @@ static int append_addrs_to_hint(char *buf, int size, int pos, const uint32_t *ad
   return pos;
 }
 
+// Register holding the faulting memory address, named as in ESP-IDF's live
+// register dump. The lowercase form is for old-build reports, where the
+// stacktrace decoders must not match the line.
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+static const char *const FAULT_ADDR_REG = "EXCVADDR";
+static const char *const FAULT_ADDR_REG_LOWER = "excvaddr";
+#elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+static const char *const FAULT_ADDR_REG = "MTVAL";
+static const char *const FAULT_ADDR_REG_LOWER = "mtval";
+#endif
+
+// Whether the fault address is meaningful: real CPU faults with a validly
+// written frame only.
+static bool has_fault_addr() {
+  return s_raw_crash_data.exception == PANIC_EXCEPTION_FAULT && !s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause &&
+         cause_slot_was_written();
+}
+
+// The record was captured by a different firmware build (it survives soft
+// resets, including the OTA reboot), so symbolizing its addresses against the
+// current ELF would produce misleading symbols. Print them with lowercase
+// labels the stacktrace decoders deliberately do not match, and skip the
+// addr2line hint. One line per address so nothing is lost to a shared buffer.
+// No is_return_addr() filtering here: it would inspect the current build's
+// code bytes, which say nothing about addresses captured by the old build.
+static uint8_t log_foreign_backtrace(const uint32_t *addrs, uint8_t count, uint8_t bt_num) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  bt%d: 0x%08" PRIX32, bt_num++, addrs[i]);
+  }
+  return bt_num;
+}
+
+static void log_foreign_addresses() {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Captured by a different firmware build; addresses belong to that build's ELF");
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  pc: 0x%08" PRIX32, s_raw_crash_data.pc);
+  if (has_fault_addr()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  %s: 0x%08" PRIX32, FAULT_ADDR_REG_LOWER, s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr);
+  }
+  uint8_t bt_num = log_foreign_backtrace(s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count, 0);
+#if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count > 0) {
+    // Lowercase like the address labels: carries no address, matches no decoder.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  other core (%d):", 1 - s_raw_crash_data.crashed_core);
+    log_foreign_backtrace(s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count, bt_num);
+  }
+#else
+  (void) bt_num;  // Single-core targets have no second list to continue numbering into.
+#endif
+}
+
 // Intentionally uses separate ESP_LOGE calls per line instead of combining into
 // one multi-line log message. This ensures each address appears as its own line
 // on the serial console, making it possible to see partial output if the device
@@ -332,12 +432,23 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
   const char *reason = get_exception_reason();
   if (reason != nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s - %s", get_exception_type(), reason);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s - %s (cause %" PRIu32 ")", get_exception_type(), reason, s_raw_crash_data.cause);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s", get_exception_type());
   }
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Crashed core: %d", s_raw_crash_data.crashed_core);
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.build_time != s_current_build_time) {
+    // Captured by a different firmware build: the record survives soft resets
+    // including the OTA reboot, so its addresses belong to a previous ELF.
+    log_foreign_addresses();
+    return;
+  }
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  PC:  0x%08" PRIX32 "  (fault location)", s_raw_crash_data.pc);
+  // Uses the same register name as ESP-IDF's live register dump so the CLI
+  // decodes the address when it happens to be a code address.
+  if (has_fault_addr()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  %s: 0x%08" PRIX32 "  (faulting address)", FAULT_ADDR_REG, s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr);
+  }
   log_backtrace(s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count, s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
 
 #if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
@@ -349,18 +460,23 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  // Build addr2line hint with all captured addresses for easy copy-paste
+  // Build addr2line hints for easy copy-paste. One line per core: the two
+  // backtraces are separate stacks, and a combined list decodes as one
+  // impossible call chain (and can overflow the buffer, dropping addresses).
+  static const char *const ADDR2LINE_CMD = "addr2line -pfiaC -e firmware.elf";
   char hint[256];
-  int pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Use: addr2line -pfiaC -e firmware.elf 0x%08" PRIX32, s_raw_crash_data.pc);
-  pos = append_addrs_to_hint(hint, sizeof(hint), pos, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count,
-                             s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
-#if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
-  append_addrs_to_hint(hint, sizeof(hint), pos, s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace,
-                       s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count, s_raw_crash_data.other_reg_frame_count);
-#else
-  (void) pos;  // There is no second-core append on single-core targets, so pos would otherwise be unread.
-#endif
+  int pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Use: %s 0x%08" PRIX32, ADDR2LINE_CMD, s_raw_crash_data.pc);
+  append_addrs_to_hint(hint, sizeof(hint), pos, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count,
+                       s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
+#if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count > 0) {
+    pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Other core: %s", ADDR2LINE_CMD);
+    append_addrs_to_hint(hint, sizeof(hint), pos, s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace,
+                         s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count, s_raw_crash_data.other_reg_frame_count);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32
@@ -370,6 +486,10 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
 // into NOINIT memory before the normal panic handler runs.
 //
 extern "C" {
+// Set by IDF's task watchdog (task_wdt.c, no header) before it simulates an
+// abort; weak so builds without the task watchdog still link.
+extern bool g_twdt_isr __attribute__((weak));
+
 // NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
 // Names are mandated by the --wrap linker mechanism
 extern void __real_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info);
@@ -382,6 +502,22 @@ void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
   s_raw_crash_data.exception = (uint8_t) info->exception;
   s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause = info->pseudo_excause ? 1 : 0;
   s_raw_crash_data.crashed_core = (uint8_t) info->core;
+  if (g_panic_abort) {
+    // IDF reclassifies to ABORT only inside esp_panic_handler(), after this
+    // wrapper captured info->exception; correct it here. TWDT is our own
+    // distinction (IDF never assigns PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT). The abort text is
+    // not stored; the symbolized backtrace already identifies the site.
+    bool is_twdt = &g_twdt_isr != nullptr && g_twdt_isr;
+    s_raw_crash_data.exception = (uint8_t) (is_twdt ? PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT : PANIC_EXCEPTION_ABORT);
+  }
+  // Zero unconditionally so a null frame doesn't leave stale .noinit data from a previous boot
+  s_raw_crash_data.cause = 0;
+  s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = 0;
+  // Record which build's ELF the captured addresses belong to (RAM read, panic-safe).
+  // Still 0 if the panic precedes C++ dynamic initialization, so such a crash
+  // reports as a foreign build — conservative: addresses are shown raw instead
+  // of decoded.
+  s_raw_crash_data.build_time = esphome::esp32::s_current_build_time;
 #if SOC_CPU_CORES_NUM > 1
   s_raw_crash_data.other_backtrace_count = 0;
   s_raw_crash_data.other_reg_frame_count = 0;
@@ -391,7 +527,12 @@ void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
   // Xtensa: walk the backtrace using the public API
   if (info->frame != nullptr) {
     auto *xt_frame = (XtExcFrame *) info->frame;
-    s_raw_crash_data.cause = xt_frame->exccause;
+    if (!g_panic_abort) {
+      // Abort-class frames carry no useful cause/vaddr: TWDT task snapshots
+      // never wrote them and abort() traps describe only the synthetic trap.
+      s_raw_crash_data.cause = xt_frame->exccause;
+      s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = xt_frame->excvaddr;
+    }
     s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count = walk_xtensa_backtrace(xt_frame, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE);
   }
 
@@ -413,7 +554,11 @@ void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
   // RISC-V: capture MEPC + RA, then scan stack for code addresses
   if (info->frame != nullptr) {
     auto *rv_frame = (RvExcFrame *) info->frame;
-    s_raw_crash_data.cause = rv_frame->mcause;
+    if (!g_panic_abort) {
+      // See the Xtensa branch: abort-class frames carry no valid cause/vaddr.
+      s_raw_crash_data.cause = rv_frame->mcause;
+      s_raw_crash_data.fault_addr = rv_frame->mtval;
+    }
     s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count =
         capture_riscv_backtrace(rv_frame, s_raw_crash_data.backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE, &s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp
index 4b53d3a172..74665f3126 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+// Also defines the core ISRInternalGPIOPin methods; those are only reachable
+// via ESP32InternalGPIOPin::to_isr(), so the same define gates both safely.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO)
 
 #include "gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -204,4 +207,4 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 && USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
index 321dd3d498..98aac209ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ ESP32_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(PLATFORM_ESP32, ESP32_PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def esp32_pin_to_code(config):
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(getattr(gpio_num_t, f"GPIO_NUM_{num}")))
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
index afcec8bfc7..91b4241211 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
@@ -71,23 +71,32 @@ static bool read_valid_mac(uint8_t *mac, esp_err_t err) { return err == ESP_OK &
 
 static constexpr size_t MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS = MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE * 8;  // 48 bits
 
+// Must not use the ESPHome logger (may run before it exists, e.g. from app_main()).
+bool get_custom_mac_address(uint8_t *mac) {
+  // has_custom_mac_address() checks the raw eFuse field, while the reads below select their
+  // method differently and may still fail (CRC), so the result must be validated again.
+  if (!has_custom_mac_address())
+    return false;
+#if defined(CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED)
+  return read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS));
+#else
+  return read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac));
+#endif
+}
+
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
+  if (get_custom_mac_address(mac)) {
+    return;
+  }
 #if defined(CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED)
   // When CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED is defined, esp_efuse_mac_get_default
   // returns the 802.15.4 EUI-64 address, so we read directly from eFuse instead.
-  // Both paths already read raw eFuse bytes, so there is no CRC-bypass fallback
+  // This already reads raw eFuse bytes, so there is no CRC-bypass fallback
   // (unlike the non-IEEE802154 path where esp_efuse_mac_get_default does CRC checks).
-  if (has_custom_mac_address() &&
-      read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
-    return;
-  }
   if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_FACTORY, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
     return;
   }
 #else
-  if (has_custom_mac_address() && read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac))) {
-    return;
-  }
   if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_default(mac))) {
     return;
   }
@@ -109,7 +118,7 @@ void set_mac_address(uint8_t *mac) { esp_base_mac_addr_set(mac); }
 
 bool has_custom_mac_address() {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC)
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   // do not use 'esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac)' because it drops an error in the logs whenever it fails
 #ifndef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
   return (esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_USER_DATA_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS) == ESP_OK) &&
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/preference_backend.h b/esphome/components/esp32/preference_backend.h
index 893bc35f0c..b0771b3128 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/preference_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/preference_backend.h
@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ class ESP32PreferenceBackend final {
   bool save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   bool load(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
 
-  uint32_t key;
-  uint32_t nvs_handle;
+  uint32_t key{0};
+  uint32_t nvs_handle{0};   // NVS (flash) path
+  uint16_t rtc_offset{0};   // RTC path: word offset into the RTC storage region
+  uint8_t length_words{0};  // RTC path: data length in 32-bit words
+  bool in_flash{true};      // true: store in NVS (flash); false: store in RTC memory
 };
 
 class ESP32Preferences;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
index 09835385ac..f3d5844cd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences_rtc.h"
+#include <esp_attr.h>
 #include <nvs_flash.h>
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -18,6 +21,48 @@ struct NVSData {
 
 static std::vector<NVSData> s_pending_save;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
+// RTC memory backend for preferences requested with in_flash=false. Survives deep sleep and
+// software/CPU resets, but not power loss; integrity is guarded by a per-record checksum so
+// power-on garbage is detected on load. Keep this small: RTC memory is scarce and shared.
+//
+// Only compiled in when USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE is set (see preferences.h): the storage
+// buffer reserves RTC memory, so it exists only when some config option actually selected RTC
+// storage AND the variant has RTC memory (the ESP32-C2 and -C61 have none, so RTC_NOINIT_ATTR would
+// have no section to land in and fail to link). Otherwise in_flash=false transparently falls back
+// to NVS (see make_preference below).
+//
+// On variants with only RTC fast memory (C3/C6/H2/P4/C5/...) RTC_NOINIT_ATTR lands in RTC fast memory.
+// This is still safe: the linker reserves .rtc_noinit ahead of any RTC-fast-as-heap pool
+// (CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_ALLOW_RTC_FAST_MEM_AS_HEAP), and IDF keeps the RTC fast power domain on in deep
+// sleep (forced on whether or not it is used as heap), so the data is retained across both resets and
+// deep sleep -- only power loss clears it.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+static constexpr size_t RTC_PREF_SIZE_WORDS = 64;  // 256 bytes
+static constexpr size_t RTC_PREF_MAX_WORDS = 255;  // length_words field is a uint8_t
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static RTC_NOINIT_ATTR uint32_t s_rtc_storage[RTC_PREF_SIZE_WORDS];
+
+static bool save_to_rtc(uint16_t offset, uint32_t key, uint8_t length_words, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(len) != length_words)
+    return false;
+  const size_t buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(length_words) + 1;
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) + buffer_size > RTC_PREF_SIZE_WORDS)
+    return false;
+  rtc_pref_encode(&s_rtc_storage[offset], key, length_words, data, len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool load_from_rtc(uint16_t offset, uint32_t key, uint8_t length_words, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(len) != length_words)
+    return false;
+  const size_t buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(length_words) + 1;
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) + buffer_size > RTC_PREF_SIZE_WORDS)
+    return false;
+  return rtc_pref_decode(&s_rtc_storage[offset], key, length_words, data, len);
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+
 // open() runs from app_main() before the logger is initialized, so any failure
 // must be deferred until after global_logger is set. This is emitted from the
 // first make_preference() call, which runs from the generated setup() after
@@ -25,6 +70,10 @@ static std::vector<NVSData> s_pending_save;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-n
 static esp_err_t s_open_err = ESP_OK;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 bool ESP32PreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+  if (!this->in_flash)
+    return save_to_rtc(this->rtc_offset, this->key, this->length_words, data, len);
+#endif
   // try find in pending saves and update that
   for (auto &obj : s_pending_save) {
     if (obj.key == this->key) {
@@ -41,6 +90,10 @@ bool ESP32PreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 
 bool ESP32PreferenceBackend::load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+  if (!this->in_flash)
+    return load_from_rtc(this->rtc_offset, this->key, this->length_words, data, len);
+#endif
   // try find in pending saves and load from that
   for (auto &obj : s_pending_save) {
     if (obj.key == this->key) {
@@ -94,6 +147,26 @@ void ESP32Preferences::open() {
   }
 }
 
+ESPPreferenceObject ESP32Preferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type, bool in_flash) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+  if (!in_flash)
+    return this->make_rtc_preference_(length, type);
+#else
+  if (!in_flash) {
+    // RTC storage is not compiled in (no config option selected it), so this request
+    // falls back to NVS -- the historic ESP32 behavior. Warn once so callers explicitly
+    // asking for RTC storage can discover the fallback.
+    static bool warned = false;
+    if (!warned) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "RTC preference storage not compiled in; using NVS (enable with 'preferences: rtc_storage: true')");
+      warned = true;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  // in_flash, or RTC storage not compiled in: fall back to NVS.
+  return this->make_preference(length, type);
+}
+
 ESPPreferenceObject ESP32Preferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
   if (s_open_err != ESP_OK) {
     if (this->nvs_handle == 0) {
@@ -103,12 +176,45 @@ ESPPreferenceObject ESP32Preferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t ty
     }
     s_open_err = ESP_OK;
   }
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  return ESPPreferenceObject(new ESP32PreferenceBackend(this->make_backend_(type)));
+}
+
+ESP32PreferenceBackend ESP32Preferences::make_backend_(uint32_t type) const {
+  // in_flash keeps its default of true, selecting the NVS path
+  ESP32PreferenceBackend backend;
+  backend.nvs_handle = this->nvs_handle;
+  backend.key = type;
+  return backend;
+}
+
+bool ESP32Preferences::load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  ESP32PreferenceBackend backend = this->make_backend_(type);
+  return backend.load(data, len);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+ESPPreferenceObject ESP32Preferences::make_rtc_preference_(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
+  const uint32_t length_words = rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(length);
+  if (length_words > RTC_PREF_MAX_WORDS) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RTC preference too large: %" PRIu32 " words", length_words);
+    return {};
+  }
+  const uint32_t total_words = length_words + 1;  // +1 for checksum
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(this->current_rtc_offset_) + total_words > RTC_PREF_SIZE_WORDS) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RTC preference storage full, cannot allocate %" PRIu32 " words", total_words);
+    return {};
+  }
   auto *pref = new ESP32PreferenceBackend();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  pref->nvs_handle = this->nvs_handle;
   pref->key = type;
+  pref->in_flash = false;
+  pref->rtc_offset = this->current_rtc_offset_;
+  pref->length_words = static_cast<uint8_t>(length_words);
+  this->current_rtc_offset_ += static_cast<uint16_t>(total_words);
 
   return ESPPreferenceObject(pref);
 }
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
 
 bool ESP32Preferences::sync() {
   if (s_pending_save.empty())
@@ -186,6 +292,12 @@ bool ESP32Preferences::is_changed_(uint32_t nvs_handle, const NVSData &to_save,
 bool ESP32Preferences::reset() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Erasing storage");
   s_pending_save.clear();
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+  // Invalidate RTC-backed preferences too (checksum will no longer match). current_rtc_offset_ is
+  // deliberately left alone: existing backends keep pointing at their allocated slots, and reset()
+  // is always followed by a restart (same reason nvs_handle is zeroed below).
+  memset(s_rtc_storage, 0, sizeof(s_rtc_storage));
+#endif
 
   nvs_flash_deinit();
   nvs_flash_erase();
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.h b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.h
index 0e187d87a9..9125843958 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.h
@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include "esphome/core/preference_backend.h"
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+
+// RTC-backed preference storage is compiled in only when a config option actually selects it
+// (USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES, emitted during code generation) and the variant has RTC memory
+// (SOC_RTC_MEM_SUPPORTED; the ESP32-C2 and -C61 have none). Otherwise in_flash=false falls
+// back to NVS and no RTC memory is reserved.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES) && SOC_RTC_MEM_SUPPORTED
+#define USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::esp32 {
 
@@ -11,17 +20,26 @@ class ESP32Preferences final : public PreferencesMixin<ESP32Preferences> {
  public:
   using PreferencesMixin<ESP32Preferences>::make_preference;
   void open();
-  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type, bool in_flash) {
-    return this->make_preference(length, type);
-  }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type, bool in_flash);
+  // Two-argument form defaults to NVS (flash) storage, preserving historic ESP32 behavior.
   ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type);
+  /// One-shot read of a stored preference by key, without allocating a backend
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   bool sync();
   bool reset();
 
   uint32_t nvs_handle;
 
  protected:
+  ESP32PreferenceBackend make_backend_(uint32_t type) const;
   bool is_changed_(uint32_t nvs_handle, const NVSData &to_save, const char *key_str);
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES_STORAGE
+  // RTC-backed storage (in_flash=false).
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_rtc_preference_(size_t length, uint32_t type);
+  // Next free word offset in the RTC storage region (bump allocated in make_preference order).
+  uint16_t current_rtc_offset_{0};
+#endif
 };
 
 void setup_preferences();
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index c9fb42fde4..7e97111686 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
 import logging
-import re
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+# bt_uuid validation lives in the platform-neutral ble_device_base; re-exported
+# here for backward compatibility.
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import (  # noqa: F401  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+    BT_UUID16_FORMAT as bt_uuid16_format,
+    BT_UUID32_FORMAT as bt_uuid32_format,
+    BT_UUID128_FORMAT as bt_uuid128_format,
+    bt_uuid,
+)
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
@@ -15,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     request_bluetooth,
 )
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32C2
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT,
@@ -24,10 +32,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NAME,
     CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, TimePeriod, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, TimePeriod
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]  # ble_uuid.h builds on the neutral ESPBTUUID
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@Rapsssito", "@bdraco"]
 DOMAIN = "esp32_ble"
@@ -125,18 +135,21 @@ def _get_required_loggers() -> set[BTLoggers]:
     return CORE.data.setdefault(ESP32_BLE_REQUIRED_LOGGERS_KEY, set())
 
 
-# Dataclass for handler registration counts
-@dataclass
-class HandlerCounts:
-    gap_event: int = 0
-    gap_scan_event: int = 0
-    gattc_event: int = 0
-    gatts_event: int = 0
-    ble_status_event: int = 0
-
-
-# Track handler registration counts for StaticVector sizing
-_handler_counts = HandlerCounts()
+# Handler slot counters sizing the StaticCallbackManager storage in ble.h;
+# one request per register_* call below.
+_request_gap_event_slot = cg.slot_counter("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT")
+_request_gap_scan_event_slot = cg.slot_counter(
+    "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_SCAN_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT"
+)
+_request_gattc_event_slot = cg.slot_counter(
+    "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTC_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT"
+)
+_request_gatts_event_slot = cg.slot_counter(
+    "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT"
+)
+_request_ble_status_event_slot = cg.slot_counter(
+    "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_BLE_STATUS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT"
+)
 
 
 def _add_callback(
@@ -162,8 +175,8 @@ def _add_callback(
 
 
 def register_gap_event_handler(parent_var: cg.MockObj, handler_var: cg.MockObj) -> None:
-    """Register a GAP event handler and track the count."""
-    _handler_counts.gap_event += 1
+    """Register a GAP event handler and request a handler slot."""
+    _request_gap_event_slot()
     _add_callback(
         parent_var,
         "add_gap_event_callback",
@@ -176,8 +189,8 @@ def register_gap_event_handler(parent_var: cg.MockObj, handler_var: cg.MockObj)
 def register_gap_scan_event_handler(
     parent_var: cg.MockObj, handler_var: cg.MockObj
 ) -> None:
-    """Register a GAP scan event handler and track the count."""
-    _handler_counts.gap_scan_event += 1
+    """Register a GAP scan event handler and request a handler slot."""
+    _request_gap_scan_event_slot()
     _add_callback(
         parent_var,
         "add_gap_scan_event_callback",
@@ -190,8 +203,8 @@ def register_gap_scan_event_handler(
 def register_gattc_event_handler(
     parent_var: cg.MockObj, handler_var: cg.MockObj
 ) -> None:
-    """Register a GATTc event handler and track the count."""
-    _handler_counts.gattc_event += 1
+    """Register a GATTc event handler and request a handler slot."""
+    _request_gattc_event_slot()
     _add_callback(
         parent_var,
         "add_gattc_event_callback",
@@ -204,8 +217,8 @@ def register_gattc_event_handler(
 def register_gatts_event_handler(
     parent_var: cg.MockObj, handler_var: cg.MockObj
 ) -> None:
-    """Register a GATTs event handler and track the count."""
-    _handler_counts.gatts_event += 1
+    """Register a GATTs event handler and request a handler slot."""
+    _request_gatts_event_slot()
     _add_callback(
         parent_var,
         "add_gatts_event_callback",
@@ -218,8 +231,8 @@ def register_gatts_event_handler(
 def register_ble_status_event_handler(
     parent_var: cg.MockObj, handler_var: cg.MockObj
 ) -> None:
-    """Register a BLE status event handler and track the count."""
-    _handler_counts.ble_status_event += 1
+    """Register a BLE status event handler and request a handler slot."""
+    _request_ble_status_event_slot()
     _add_callback(
         parent_var,
         "add_ble_status_event_callback",
@@ -372,44 +385,7 @@ def _validate_key_sizes(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(CONFIG_SCHEMA, _validate_key_sizes)
 
 
-bt_uuid16_format = "XXXX"
-bt_uuid32_format = "XXXXXXXX"
-bt_uuid128_format = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
-
-
-def bt_uuid(value):
-    in_value = cv.string_strict(value)
-    value = in_value.upper()
-
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
-        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F0-9]{4,}$")
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 16 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
-        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F0-9]{8,}$")
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 32 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
-        pattern = re.compile(
-            "^[A-F0-9]{8,}-[A-F0-9]{4,}-[A-F0-9]{4,}-[A-F0-9]{4,}-[A-F0-9]{12,}$"
-        )
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 128 UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    raise cv.Invalid(
-        f"Bluetooth UUID must be in 16 bit '{bt_uuid16_format}', 32 bit '{bt_uuid32_format}', or 128 bit '{bt_uuid128_format}' format"
-    )
-
-
-def validate_variant(_):
+def validate_variant(_: ConfigType) -> None:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant in NO_BLUETOOTH_VARIANTS:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} does not support Bluetooth")
@@ -469,7 +445,7 @@ def validate_connection_slots(max_connections: int) -> None:
     )
 
 
-def final_validation(config):
+def final_validation(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     validate_variant(config)
     if (name := config.get(CONF_NAME)) is not None:
         full_config = fv.full_config.get()
@@ -540,43 +516,11 @@ def final_validation(config):
     # For newer chips (C3/S3/etc), different configs are used automatically
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_BLE_MAX_CONN", max_connections)
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validation
 
 
-# This needs to be run as a job with CoroPriority.FINAL priority so that all components have
-# a chance to register their handlers before the counts are added to defines.
-@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def _add_ble_handler_defines():
-    # Add defines for StaticVector sizing based on handler registration counts
-    # Only define if count > 0 to avoid allocating unnecessary memory
-    if _handler_counts.gap_event > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT", _handler_counts.gap_event
-        )
-    if _handler_counts.gap_scan_event > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_SCAN_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT",
-            _handler_counts.gap_scan_event,
-        )
-    if _handler_counts.gattc_event > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTC_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT", _handler_counts.gattc_event
-        )
-    if _handler_counts.gatts_event > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT", _handler_counts.gatts_event
-        )
-    if _handler_counts.ble_status_event > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_BLE_STATUS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT",
-            _handler_counts.ble_status_event,
-        )
-
-
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
     cg.add(var.set_io_capability(config[CONF_IO_CAPABILITY]))
@@ -604,7 +548,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     max_connections = config.get(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS", max_connections)
 
-    request_bluetooth(ble_42=True)
+    request_bluetooth()
 
     # When PSRAM and BT are used together, Bluedroid should prefer SPIRAM for
     # heap allocations and use dynamic (heap-based) environment memory tables
@@ -661,24 +605,43 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING")
         cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID")
 
-    # Schedule the handler defines to be added after all components register
-    CORE.add_job(_add_ble_handler_defines)
-
 
 @automation.register_condition("ble.enabled", BLEEnabledCondition, cv.Schema({}))
-async def ble_enabled_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ble_enabled_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
     "ble.enable", BLEEnableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
 )
-async def ble_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ble_enable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
     "ble.disable", BLEDisableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
 )
-async def ble_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ble_disable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+
+
+# ble_advertising.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING, set
+# when advertising is enabled here or by esp32_ble_server / esp32_ble_beacon.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"ble_advertising.cpp": "USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index 6bbf0d6a26..6e6fb0e30d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #ifndef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
 #include <esp_bt.h>
 #else
+#include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
+#include <cinttypes>
 extern "C" {
 #include <esp_hosted.h>
 #include <esp_hosted_misc.h>
@@ -33,6 +35,19 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble";
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
+// Bringing up the remote BT controller issues synchronous RPCs to the
+// co-processor with 5 second response timeouts, and the default task watchdog
+// is also 5 seconds. If the co-processor firmware does not answer (for example
+// factory firmware without Bluetooth support), the watchdog would reboot the
+// device before the RPC could return an error, causing a boot loop. Raise the
+// watchdog for the duration of the bring-up so failures surface as error
+// returns instead. 60 seconds covers the worst case: transport reconnect
+// (up to ~20s), version preflight (1s), controller init/enable (5s each) and
+// the bluedroid host bring-up over the hosted HCI transport.
+static constexpr uint32_t HOSTED_BT_WDT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
+#endif
+
 // GAP event groups for deduplication across gap_event_handler and dispatch_gap_event_
 #define GAP_SCAN_COMPLETE_EVENTS \
   case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_PARAM_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
@@ -43,6 +58,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble";
   case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
   case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
   case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
   case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_START_COMPLETE_EVT: \
   case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT
 
@@ -164,6 +180,9 @@ void ESP32BLE::advertising_init_() {
 
 bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
   esp_err_t err;
+#ifdef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager wdt(HOSTED_BT_WDT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+#endif
 #ifndef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
   if (esp_bt_controller_get_status() != ESP_BT_CONTROLLER_STATUS_ENABLED) {
     // start bt controller
@@ -192,15 +211,35 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
 
   esp_bt_controller_mem_release(ESP_BT_MODE_CLASSIC_BT);
 #else
-  esp_hosted_connect_to_slave();  // NOLINT
+  if (esp_hosted_connect_to_slave() != ESP_OK) {  // NOLINT
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Co-processor transport failed; BLE disabled");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Fast preflight (1 second RPC timeout): verifies the co-processor answers
+  // RPCs at all before the 5 second timeout BT controller RPCs below, and
+  // before hosted_hci_bluedroid_open(), which aborts if the transport is down.
+  esp_hosted_coprocessor_fwver_t fw_ver{};
+  if (esp_hosted_get_coprocessor_fwversion(&fw_ver) != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Co-processor not responding; BLE disabled. Update its firmware with the esp32_hosted "
+                  "update component");
+    return false;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Co-processor firmware %" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32, fw_ver.major1, fw_ver.minor1, fw_ver.patch1);
 
   if (esp_hosted_bt_controller_init() != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_hosted_bt_controller_init failed");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG,
+             "BT controller init failed; co-processor firmware %" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32
+             " may lack BT support. Update it with the esp32_hosted update component; BLE disabled",
+             fw_ver.major1, fw_ver.minor1, fw_ver.patch1);
     return false;
   }
 
   if (esp_hosted_bt_controller_enable() != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_hosted_bt_controller_enable failed");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG,
+             "BT controller enable failed; co-processor firmware %" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32
+             " may lack BT support. Update it with the esp32_hosted update component; BLE disabled",
+             fw_ver.major1, fw_ver.minor1, fw_ver.patch1);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -332,6 +371,10 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
 }
 
 bool ESP32BLE::ble_dismantle_() {
+#ifdef CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID
+  // Same 5 second RPCs as the bring-up path; see HOSTED_BT_WDT_TIMEOUT_MS
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager wdt(HOSTED_BT_WDT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+#endif
   esp_err_t err = esp_bluedroid_disable();
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     // ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE means Bluedroid is already disabled, which is fine
@@ -377,12 +420,12 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_dismantle_() {
   }
 #else
   if (esp_hosted_bt_controller_disable() != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_hosted_bt_controller_disable failed");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_hosted_bt_controller_disable failed");
     return false;
   }
 
   if (esp_hosted_bt_controller_deinit(false) != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_hosted_bt_controller_deinit failed");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_hosted_bt_controller_deinit failed");
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -600,11 +643,33 @@ void ESP32BLE::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_pa
       App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
       return;
 
+    // Log the result of connection parameter updates: a peer can reject or
+    // never answer an update, and without this the link silently stays on the
+    // old parameters (visible only as unexplained supervision timeouts).
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_UPDATE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT: {
+      if (param->update_conn_params.status != ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(param->update_conn_params.bda, mac_s);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Conn param update failed, status=%d", mac_s, param->update_conn_params.status);
+      }
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      else {
+        char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(param->update_conn_params.bda, mac_s);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Conn params updated: interval=%u (x1.25ms) latency=%u timeout=%u (x10ms)", mac_s,
+                 param->update_conn_params.conn_int, param->update_conn_params.latency,
+                 param->update_conn_params.timeout);
+      }
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+
     // Ignore these GAP events as they are not relevant for our use case
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_UPDATE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT:
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_SET_PKT_LENGTH_COMPLETE_EVT:
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_PHY_UPDATE_COMPLETE_EVT:       // BLE 5.0 PHY update complete
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_CHANNEL_SELECT_ALGORITHM_EVT:  // BLE 5.0 channel selection algorithm
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_LOCAL_IR_EVT:                  // Local identity root key generated at security init
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_LOCAL_ER_EVT:                  // Local encryption root key generated at security init
       return;
 
     default:
@@ -631,11 +696,23 @@ void ESP32BLE::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gat
 }
 #endif
 
+void ESP32BLE::get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
+  // The running stack owns the address (on hosted controllers it lives in
+  // the remote chip's efuse); null before init becomes all-zero.
+  const uint8_t *mac = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
+  if (mac != nullptr) {
+    memcpy(out, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  } else {
+    memset(out, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  }
+}
+
 float ESP32BLE::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BLUETOOTH; }
 
 void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
-  const uint8_t *mac_address = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
-  if (mac_address) {
+  uint8_t mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  this->get_mac_msb_first(mac_address);
+  if (mac_address_is_valid(mac_address)) {
     const char *io_capability_s;
     switch (this->io_cap_) {
       case ESP_IO_CAP_OUT:
@@ -658,7 +735,7 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
         break;
     }
 
-    char mac_s[18];
+    char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
     format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, mac_s);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "BLE:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index c85ddfc983..2a355a6c8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ class ESP32BLE final : public Component {
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
+  /// Adapter MAC in printable (MSB-first) order; all-zero until the stack is up.
+  void get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
   void set_name(const char *name) { this->name_ = name; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h
index 3cfa6f548a..6c8a97f453 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "ble_uuid.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <functional>
@@ -15,8 +16,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
-class ESPBTUUID;
-
 class BLEAdvertising {
  public:
   BLEAdvertising(uint32_t advertising_cycle_time);
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h
index ba87fd8805..babfa937c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class BLEEvent {
         StatusOnlyData scan_complete;  // 1 byte
         // Advertising complete events all have same structure
         // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon, esp32_ble server components
-        // ADV_DATA_SET, SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET, ADV_DATA_RAW_SET, ADV_START, ADV_STOP
+        // ADV_DATA_SET, SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET, ADV_DATA_RAW_SET, SCAN_RSP_DATA_RAW_SET, ADV_START, ADV_STOP
         StatusOnlyData adv_complete;  // 1 byte
         // RSSI complete event
         // Used by: ble_client (ble_rssi_sensor component)
@@ -324,6 +324,9 @@ class BLEEvent {
       case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:  // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon
         this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->adv_data_raw_cmpl.status;
         break;
+      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:  // Used by: raw advertisers with scan response
+        this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->scan_rsp_data_raw_cmpl.status;
+        break;
       case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_START_COMPLETE_EVT:  // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon
         this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->adv_start_cmpl.status;
         break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 886f8237ad..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-#include "ble_uuid.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID
-
-#include <cstring>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cinttypes>
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-
-namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble";
-
-ESPBTUUID::ESPBTUUID() : uuid_() {}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uint16_t uuid) {
-  ESPBTUUID ret;
-  ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16;
-  ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid16 = uuid;
-  return ret;
-}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uint32_t uuid) {
-  ESPBTUUID ret;
-  ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_32;
-  ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid32 = uuid;
-  return ret;
-}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_raw(const uint8_t *data) {
-  ESPBTUUID ret;
-  ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_128;
-  memcpy(ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid128, data, ESP_UUID_LEN_128);
-  return ret;
-}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(const uint8_t *data) {
-  ESPBTUUID ret;
-  ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_128;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ESP_UUID_LEN_128; i++)
-    ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid128[ESP_UUID_LEN_128 - 1 - i] = data[i];
-  return ret;
-}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_raw(const char *data, size_t length) {
-  ESPBTUUID ret;
-  if (length == 4) {
-    // 16-bit UUID as 4-character hex string
-    auto parsed = parse_hex<uint16_t>(data, length);
-    if (parsed.has_value()) {
-      ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16;
-      ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid16 = parsed.value();
-    }
-  } else if (length == 8) {
-    // 32-bit UUID as 8-character hex string
-    auto parsed = parse_hex<uint32_t>(data, length);
-    if (parsed.has_value()) {
-      ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_32;
-      ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid32 = parsed.value();
-    }
-  } else if (length == 16) {  // how we can have 16 byte length string reprezenting 128 bit uuid??? needs to be
-                              // investigated (lack of time)
-    ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_128;
-    memcpy(ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid128, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data), 16);
-  } else if (length == 36) {
-    // If the length of the string is 36 bytes then we will assume it is a long hex string in
-    // UUID format.
-    ret.uuid_.len = ESP_UUID_LEN_128;
-    int n = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
-      if (data[i] == '-')
-        i++;
-      uint8_t msb = data[i];
-      uint8_t lsb = data[i + 1];
-
-      if (msb > '9')
-        msb -= 7;
-      if (lsb > '9')
-        lsb -= 7;
-      ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid128[15 - n++] = ((msb & 0x0F) << 4) | (lsb & 0x0F);
-    }
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ERROR: UUID value not 2, 4, 16 or 36 bytes - %s", data);
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(esp_bt_uuid_t uuid) {
-  ESPBTUUID ret;
-  ret.uuid_.len = uuid.len;
-  if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
-    ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid16 = uuid.uuid.uuid16;
-  } else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32) {
-    ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid32 = uuid.uuid.uuid32;
-  } else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128) {
-    memcpy(ret.uuid_.uuid.uuid128, uuid.uuid.uuid128, ESP_UUID_LEN_128);
-  }
-  return ret;
-}
-ESPBTUUID ESPBTUUID::as_128bit() const {
-  if (this->uuid_.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128) {
-    return *this;
-  }
-  uint8_t data[] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-  uint32_t uuid32;
-  if (this->uuid_.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32) {
-    uuid32 = this->uuid_.uuid.uuid32;
-  } else {
-    uuid32 = this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16;
-  }
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->uuid_.len; i++) {
-    data[12 + i] = ((uuid32 >> i * 8) & 0xFF);
-  }
-  return ESPBTUUID::from_raw(data);
-}
-bool ESPBTUUID::contains(uint8_t data1, uint8_t data2) const {
-  if (this->uuid_.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
-    return (this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 >> 8) == data2 && (this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 & 0xFF) == data1;
-  } else if (this->uuid_.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32) {
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-      bool a = ((this->uuid_.uuid.uuid32 >> i * 8) & 0xFF) == data1;
-      bool b = ((this->uuid_.uuid.uuid32 >> (i + 1) * 8) & 0xFF) == data2;
-      if (a && b)
-        return true;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
-      if (this->uuid_.uuid.uuid128[i] == data1 && this->uuid_.uuid.uuid128[i + 1] == data2)
-        return true;
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-bool ESPBTUUID::operator==(const ESPBTUUID &uuid) const {
-  if (this->uuid_.len == uuid.uuid_.len) {
-    switch (this->uuid_.len) {
-      case ESP_UUID_LEN_16:
-        return this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 == uuid.uuid_.uuid.uuid16;
-      case ESP_UUID_LEN_32:
-        return this->uuid_.uuid.uuid32 == uuid.uuid_.uuid.uuid32;
-      case ESP_UUID_LEN_128:
-        return memcmp(this->uuid_.uuid.uuid128, uuid.uuid_.uuid.uuid128, ESP_UUID_LEN_128) == 0;
-      default:
-        return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return this->as_128bit() == uuid.as_128bit();
-}
-esp_bt_uuid_t ESPBTUUID::get_uuid() const { return this->uuid_; }
-const char *ESPBTUUID::to_str(std::span<char, UUID_STR_LEN> output) const {
-  char *pos = output.data();
-
-  switch (this->uuid_.len) {
-    case ESP_UUID_LEN_16:
-      *pos++ = '0';
-      *pos++ = 'x';
-      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 >> 12);
-      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char((this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 >> 8) & 0x0F);
-      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char((this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 >> 4) & 0x0F);
-      *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(this->uuid_.uuid.uuid16 & 0x0F);
-      *pos = '\0';
-      return output.data();
-
-    case ESP_UUID_LEN_32:
-      *pos++ = '0';
-      *pos++ = 'x';
-      for (int shift = 28; shift >= 0; shift -= 4) {
-        *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char((this->uuid_.uuid.uuid32 >> shift) & 0x0F);
-      }
-      *pos = '\0';
-      return output.data();
-
-    default:
-    case ESP_UUID_LEN_128:
-      // Format: XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
-      for (int8_t i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
-        uint8_t byte = this->uuid_.uuid.uuid128[i];
-        *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(byte >> 4);
-        *pos++ = format_hex_pretty_char(byte & 0x0F);
-        if (i == 12 || i == 10 || i == 8 || i == 6) {
-          *pos++ = '-';
-        }
-      }
-      *pos = '\0';
-      return output.data();
-  }
-}
-std::string ESPBTUUID::to_string() const {
-  char buf[UUID_STR_LEN];
-  this->to_str(buf);
-  return std::string(buf);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h
index 503fde6945..fd8da4baee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h
@@ -1,59 +1,21 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID
 
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <span>
-#include <string>
-#include <esp_bt_defs.h>
+// The BLE UUID type is owned by the platform-neutral ble_device_base layer;
+// this header re-exports it under the historical esp32_ble name (esp32 only).
+// The full historical API surface — including from_uuid()/get_uuid() with the
+// ESP-IDF esp_bt_uuid_t type — is preserved on esp32 builds.
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
-/// Buffer size for UUID string: "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX\0"
-static constexpr size_t UUID_STR_LEN = 37;
-
-class ESPBTUUID {
- public:
-  ESPBTUUID();
-
-  static ESPBTUUID from_uint16(uint16_t uuid);
-
-  static ESPBTUUID from_uint32(uint32_t uuid);
-
-  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const uint8_t *data);
-  static ESPBTUUID from_raw_reversed(const uint8_t *data);
-
-  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const char *data, size_t length);
-  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const char *data) { return from_raw(data, strlen(data)); }
-  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(const std::string &data) { return from_raw(data.c_str(), data.length()); }
-  static ESPBTUUID from_raw(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
-    return from_raw(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data.begin()), data.size());
-  }
-
-  static ESPBTUUID from_uuid(esp_bt_uuid_t uuid);
-
-  ESPBTUUID as_128bit() const;
-
-  bool contains(uint8_t data1, uint8_t data2) const;
-
-  bool operator==(const ESPBTUUID &uuid) const;
-  bool operator!=(const ESPBTUUID &uuid) const { return !(*this == uuid); }
-
-  esp_bt_uuid_t get_uuid() const;
-
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use to_str() instead. Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
-  std::string to_string() const;  // NOLINT
-  const char *to_str(std::span<char, UUID_STR_LEN> output) const;
-
- protected:
-  esp_bt_uuid_t uuid_;
-};
+using ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN;
+using ESPBTUUID = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py
index 7a59cce19b..e9c44284e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32_ble import CONF_BLE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TX_POWER, CONF_TYPE, CONF_UUID
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONF_MAX_INTERVAL = "max_interval"
 CONF_MEASURED_POWER = "measured_power"
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MIN_INTERVAL] > config.get(CONF_MAX_INTERVAL):
         raise cv.Invalid("min_interval must be <= max_interval")
     return config
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = esp32_ble.validate_variant
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID")
 
     uuid = config[CONF_UUID].hex
@@ -86,4 +87,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING")
 
-    request_bluetooth(ble_42=True)
+    request_bluetooth()
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index 3fb9632e9a..e6cdde9cda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -13,20 +13,14 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_client";
 
-// Intermediate connection parameters for standard operation
-// ESP-IDF defaults (12.5-15ms) are too slow for stable connections through WiFi-based BLE proxies,
-// causing disconnections. These medium parameters balance responsiveness with bandwidth usage.
-static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x07;  // 7 * 1.25ms = 8.75ms
-static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x09;  // 9 * 1.25ms = 11.25ms
-// The timeout value was increased from 6s to 8s to address stability issues observed
-// in certain BLE devices when operating through WiFi-based BLE proxies. The longer
-// timeout reduces the likelihood of disconnections during periods of high latency.
-static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
-
-// Fastest connection parameters for devices with short discovery timeouts
-static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
-static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
-static constexpr uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
+// Connection parameters are shared with the other GATT client backends
+// (ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h) so the platforms cannot drift.
+using ble_device_base::FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+using ble_device_base::MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
 static constexpr uint32_t DISCONNECTING_TIMEOUT = 10000;  // 10s
 static const esp_bt_uuid_t NOTIFY_DESC_UUID = {
     .len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16,
@@ -125,6 +119,9 @@ void BLEClientBase::connect() {
   }
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->remote_addr_type_);
   this->paired_ = false;
+  // A registration whose event never arrived must not block this connection's release.
+  this->services_released_ = false;
+  this->pending_notify_regs_ = 0;
   // Enable loop for state processing
   this->enable_loop();
   // Immediately transition to CONNECTING to prevent duplicate connection attempts
@@ -200,10 +197,26 @@ void BLEClientBase::release_services() {
   this->services_.clear();
 #endif
 #ifndef CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH
+  // Only the cache clean makes the stack's database unsafe to walk.
+  this->services_released_ = true;
   esp_ble_gattc_cache_clean(this->remote_bda_);
 #endif
 }
 
+esp_err_t BLEClientBase::register_for_notify(uint16_t char_handle) {
+  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, char_handle);
+  if (err != ESP_OK)
+    return err;
+  if (this->pending_notify_regs_ == UINT8_MAX) {
+    // Saturating undercounts, so the release can run before the last registration completes.
+    // Wrapping to zero would undercount by the full range instead, which is worse.
+    this->log_warning_("Too many outstanding notify registrations to track");
+    return err;
+  }
+  this->pending_notify_regs_++;
+  return err;
+}
+
 void BLEClientBase::log_event_(const char *name) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, name);
 }
@@ -498,12 +511,20 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
       this->log_gattc_data_event_("REG_FOR_NOTIFY");
+      // The event carries no conn_id, so this is the only place the request can be retired.
+      if (this->pending_notify_regs_ > 0)
+        this->pending_notify_regs_--;
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE ||
           this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
         // Client is responsible for flipping the descriptor value
         // when using the cache
         break;
       }
+      if (this->services_released_) {
+        // The lookup below walks the freed GATT cache, and Bluedroid asserts on it rather than erroring.
+        this->log_warning_("REG_FOR_NOTIFY after services released, notifications not enabled");
+        break;
+      }
       esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
       uint16_t count = 1;
       esp_gatt_status_t descr_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_descr_by_char_handle(
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
index 0291a4b993..e4b9cd5100 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   void unconditional_disconnect();
   void release_services();
 
+  /// Register for notifications, holding the service release until the registration completes.
+  esp_err_t register_for_notify(uint16_t char_handle);
+
+  /// True while a register_for_notify() request has not completed.
+  bool notify_registration_pending() const { return this->pending_notify_regs_ > 0; }
+
   bool connected() { return this->state() == espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED; }
 
   void set_auto_connect(bool auto_connect) { this->auto_connect_ = auto_connect; }
@@ -86,6 +92,8 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   uint16_t get_conn_id() const { return this->conn_id_; }
   uint64_t get_address() const { return this->address_; }
   bool is_paired() const { return this->paired_; }
+  // The proxy clears this when a bond is removed while the link is up.
+  void set_unpaired() { this->paired_ = false; }
 
   uint8_t get_connection_index() const { return this->connection_index_; }
 
@@ -125,9 +133,15 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   espbt::ConnectionType connection_type_{espbt::ConnectionType::V1};
   uint8_t connection_index_;
   uint8_t service_count_{0};  // ESP32 has max handles < 255, typical devices have < 50 services
+  // Outstanding register_for_notify() requests
+  // A count, not per-request state, so a raw esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify() on the same client can retire one
+  // services_released_ is the backstop if that ever lets the release run early
+  uint8_t pending_notify_regs_{0};
   bool auto_connect_{false};
   bool paired_{false};
-  // 6 bytes used, 2 bytes padding
+  // Set only when release_services() cleans the stack's GATT cache, which no API may then walk
+  bool services_released_{false};
+  // 8 bytes used, no padding
 
   void log_event_(const char *name);
   void log_gattc_lifecycle_event_(const char *name);
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
index ea2a9667d7..855a3be29b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def create_device_information_service(config):
     return config
 
 
-def final_validate_config(config):
+def final_validate_config(config) -> None:
     # Validate max_clients does not exceed esp32_ble max_connections
     max_clients = config[CONF_MAX_CLIENTS]
     if max_clients > 1:
@@ -355,7 +355,6 @@ def final_validate_config(config):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has both a set_value action and a templated value"
             )
-    return config
 
 
 def validate_value_type(value_config):
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.cpp
index 5ca80d6a7a..3dcac3691c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.cpp
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ void BLEDescriptor::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
     case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT: {
       if (this->handle_ != param->write.handle)
         break;
+      if (param->write.len > this->value_.attr_max_len) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Size %d too large, must be no bigger than %d", param->write.len, this->value_.attr_max_len);
+        break;
+      }
       this->value_.attr_len = param->write.len;
       memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, param->write.value, param->write.len);
       if (this->on_write_callback_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
index e4139bed65..906144e5fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import copy
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble, ota
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, esp32_ble, ota
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
+    idf_version,
     request_bluetooth,
     request_software_coexistence,
 )
@@ -35,18 +39,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, TimePeriod, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble"]
+DOMAIN = "esp32_ble_tracker"
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
 
+ble_device_base.register_hub_provider("esp32_ble_tracker")
+
 CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID = "esp32_ble_id"
-CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
-CONF_WINDOW = "window"
-CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"
 CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE = "software_coexistence"
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -57,16 +63,8 @@ class BLEFeatures(StrEnum):
     ESP_BT_DEVICE = "ESP_BT_DEVICE"
 
 
-# Dataclass for registration counts
-@dataclass
-class RegistrationCounts:
-    listeners: int = 0
-    clients: int = 0
-
-
-# CORE.data keys for state management
+# CORE.data key for state management
 ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_REQUIRED_FEATURES_KEY = "esp32_ble_tracker_required_features"
-ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_REGISTRATION_COUNTS_KEY = "esp32_ble_tracker_registration_counts"
 
 
 def _get_required_features() -> set[BLEFeatures]:
@@ -74,11 +72,11 @@ def _get_required_features() -> set[BLEFeatures]:
     return CORE.data.setdefault(ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_REQUIRED_FEATURES_KEY, set())
 
 
-def _get_registration_counts() -> RegistrationCounts:
-    """Get the registration counts from CORE.data."""
-    return CORE.data.setdefault(
-        ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_REGISTRATION_COUNTS_KEY, RegistrationCounts()
-    )
+# Slot counters sizing the tracker's StaticVector storage; one request per
+# registered listener or client.
+CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE = "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT"
+_request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT")
+_request_client_slot = cg.slot_counter(CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE)
 
 
 def register_ble_features(features: set[BLEFeatures]) -> None:
@@ -93,6 +91,7 @@ def register_ble_features(features: set[BLEFeatures]) -> None:
 esp32_ble_tracker_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_ble_tracker")
 ESP32BLETracker = esp32_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
     "ESP32BLETracker",
+    ble_device_base.BLEHub,
     cg.Component,
     cg.Parented.template(esp32_ble.ESP32BLE),
 )
@@ -125,25 +124,6 @@ ESP32BLEStopScanAction = esp32_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_scan_parameters(config):
-    duration = config[CONF_DURATION]
-    interval = config[CONF_INTERVAL]
-    window = config[CONF_WINDOW]
-
-    if window > interval:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"Scan window ({window}) needs to be smaller than scan interval ({interval})"
-        )
-
-    if interval.total_milliseconds * 3 > duration.total_milliseconds:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            "Scan duration needs to be at least three times the scan interval to"
-            "cover all BLE channels."
-        )
-
-    return config
-
-
 def validate_max_connections_deprecated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in config:
         _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -153,26 +133,141 @@ def validate_max_connections_deprecated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def as_hex(value):
-    return cg.RawExpression(f"0x{value}ULL")
+# ESP-IDF 5.5.5 fixed a coexistence bug on the ESP32 where BLE scans ran far
+# longer than the configured window (espressif/esp-idf#18931). Before the fix,
+# the default 30 ms window in a 320 ms interval effectively scanned at a much
+# higher duty cycle than requested; with the fix, that same default only
+# listens 9.4 % of the time and misses most advertisements when wifi shares
+# the radio. Espressif recommends setting the window equal to the interval in
+# that case: the coexistence arbiter still shares the radio with wifi, and
+# BLE uses the airtime wifi does not claim.
+IDF_SCAN_WINDOW_FIX_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 5, 5)
+
+# Above this the scanner holds the shared radio long enough that wifi drops
+# packets and connections on some access points (others cope fine, which is
+# why this is a warning and not an error); old proxy configs with 1100 ms
+# windows are a recurring cause of instability (esphome/esphome#18655). Only
+# wifi shares the radio; long windows are fine on ethernet builds.
+MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW = TimePeriod(milliseconds=600)
 
 
-def as_hex_array(value):
-    value = value.replace("-", "")
-    cpp_array = [
-        f"0x{part}" for part in [value[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(value), 2)]
-    ]
-    return cg.RawExpression(f"(uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){{{','.join(cpp_array)}}}")
+@dataclass
+class TrackerData:
+    """Per-run validation state, namespaced under DOMAIN in CORE.data."""
+
+    scan_window_defaulted: bool = False
+    connection_window_injected: bool = False
 
 
-def as_reversed_hex_array(value):
-    value = value.replace("-", "")
-    cpp_array = [
-        f"0x{part}" for part in [value[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(value), 2)]
-    ]
-    return cg.RawExpression(
-        f"(uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){{{','.join(reversed(cpp_array))}}}"
+def _get_data() -> TrackerData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = TrackerData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _scan_window_default() -> TimePeriod:
+    """Schema default for the scan window.
+
+    Records that the user did not set a window, so _raise_defaulted_scan_window
+    can tell a defaulted 30 ms from an explicit one; the raise itself must wait
+    for the outer schema because it depends on software_coexistence, a sibling
+    key not yet resolved here.
+    """
+    _get_data().scan_window_defaulted = True
+    return cv.positive_time_period(ble_device_base.DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW)
+
+
+def _raise_defaulted_scan_window(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Raise a defaulted scan window to the interval where that is safe.
+
+    Only when the coexistence arbiter is compiled in (software_coexistence,
+    present iff wifi is configured and not disabled by the user) and the IDF
+    honors the window strictly (>= 5.5.5); without the arbiter a full-duty
+    scan would starve wifi outright, and a user-set window is never touched.
+    Raising to the interval cannot invalidate the already-validated
+    parameters, so no re-validation is needed. The connection window is
+    checked against the window here, after the raise.
+    """
+    params = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    if (
+        _get_data().scan_window_defaulted
+        and config.get(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE)
+        and idf_version() >= IDF_SCAN_WINDOW_FIX_VERSION
+    ):
+        # Copy so the config dump shows a plain value instead of a YAML
+        # anchor/alias pair pointing at the interval.
+        params[CONF_WINDOW] = copy.copy(params[CONF_INTERVAL])
+        # Arm the connection-time fallback unless the user set one. Injected
+        # after validation; safe because it equals the validated window default.
+        if CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW not in params:
+            params[CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW] = cv.positive_time_period(
+                ble_device_base.DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW
+            )
+            _get_data().connection_window_injected = True
+    if (
+        connection_window := params.get(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)
+    ) is not None and connection_window > params[CONF_WINDOW]:
+        # A larger value would widen the scan during connections.
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW} ({connection_window}) needs to be "
+            f"smaller than the scan window ({params[CONF_WINDOW]})",
+            path=[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def _warn_long_scan_window_with_wifi(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Warn when the scan window is long enough to starve wifi.
+
+    Runs after _raise_defaulted_scan_window so it sees the final window.
+    software_coexistence is only present when wifi is configured, so ethernet
+    builds never warn: BLE has the radio to itself there. Presence is what
+    matters, not the value; with the arbiter disabled a long window starves
+    wifi outright.
+    """
+    params = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    window = params[CONF_WINDOW]
+    if CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE not in config:
+        return config
+    if window <= MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW:
+        return config
+    if _get_data().scan_window_defaulted:
+        # The window was raised to match the interval, so point at the key the
+        # user actually set.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "BLE scan interval of %s sets the scan window to the same value, "
+            "which starves wifi on the same radio and can cause wifi disconnects "
+            "depending on the access point; keep the interval at or below %s "
+            "(for example interval: 320ms). Long windows are only a problem with "
+            "wifi, they are fine on ethernet",
+            params[CONF_INTERVAL],
+            MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW,
+        )
+        return config
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "BLE scan window of %s with wifi on the same radio starves wifi and "
+        "can cause wifi disconnects depending on the access point; keep the "
+        "window at or below %s (for example interval: 320ms, window: 300ms). "
+        "Long windows are only a problem with wifi, they are fine on ethernet",
+        window,
+        MAX_RECOMMENDED_WIFI_SCAN_WINDOW,
     )
+    return config
+
+
+# 320 ms is the ESP-IDF reference scan interval; the shared schema also
+# tightens validation to the controller's 2.5 ms .. 10240 ms range and rejects
+# window/interval pairs that collapse to the same 0.625 ms unit count.
+# The window default is conditional (see _scan_window_default above).
+SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema(
+    "320ms", window_default=_scan_window_default, connection_window=True
+)
+
+# Codegen helpers are owned by ble_device_base; kept under the historical names
+# here for the components that import them from this module.
+as_hex = ble_device_base.as_hex
+as_hex_array = ble_device_base.as_hex_array
+as_reversed_hex_array = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -183,24 +278,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_int, cv.Range(min=0, max=IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, default={}): cv.All(
-                cv.Schema(
-                    {
-                        cv.Optional(
-                            CONF_DURATION, default="5min"
-                        ): cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
-                        cv.Optional(
-                            CONF_INTERVAL, default="320ms"
-                        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-                        cv.Optional(
-                            CONF_WINDOW, default="30ms"
-                        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_ACTIVE, default=True): cv.boolean,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS, default=True): cv.boolean,
-                    }
-                ),
-                validate_scan_parameters,
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, default={}): SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE): automation.validate_automation(
                 {
                     cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
@@ -238,6 +316,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     validate_max_connections_deprecated,
+    _raise_defaulted_scan_window,
+    _warn_long_scan_window_with_wifi,
 )
 
 
@@ -250,10 +330,17 @@ ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.BLE_SCAN)
 
+    # Behavior parity with the pre-split tracker: IRK resolution is always
+    # available on esp32 (sensors with irk: worked without opting in).
+    ble_device_base.request_irk_support()
+
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER")
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -266,8 +353,27 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     params = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
     cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(params[CONF_DURATION]))
-    cg.add(var.set_scan_interval(int(params[CONF_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds / 0.625)))
-    cg.add(var.set_scan_window(int(params[CONF_WINDOW].total_milliseconds / 0.625)))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_interval(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(params[CONF_INTERVAL])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(params[CONF_WINDOW])))
+    if (connection_window := params.get(CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW)) is not None:
+        # Emitted at FINAL so a scan-only build, where the guarded C++ path
+        # compiles out, skips the call entirely.
+        window_units = ble_device_base.to_ble_units(connection_window)
+
+        @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+        async def _emit_connection_scan_window() -> None:
+            if cg.get_slot_count(CLIENT_COUNT_DEFINE):
+                cg.add(var.set_connection_scan_window(window_units))
+            elif not _get_data().connection_window_injected:
+                # Warn only for a user-set value; the injected default drops silently.
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "'%s' has no effect because this build has no BLE client "
+                    "components (for example bluetooth_proxy with active "
+                    "connections, or ble_client)",
+                    CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW,
+                )
+
+        CORE.add_job(_emit_connection_scan_window)
     cg.add(var.set_scan_active(params[CONF_ACTIVE]))
     cg.add(var.set_scan_continuous(params[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
 
@@ -279,17 +385,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ):
         register_ble_features({BLEFeatures.ESP_BT_DEVICE})
 
-    registration_counts = _get_registration_counts()
-
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE, []):
-        registration_counts.listeners += 1
+        _request_listener_slot()
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         if CONF_MAC_ADDRESS in conf:
             addr_list = [it.as_hex for it in conf[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS]]
             cg.add(trigger.set_addresses(addr_list))
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(ESPBTDeviceConstRef, "x")], conf)
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE, []):
-        registration_counts.listeners += 1
+        _request_listener_slot()
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         if len(conf[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
             cg.add(trigger.set_service_uuid16(as_hex(conf[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])))
@@ -302,7 +406,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(trigger.set_address(conf[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(adv_data_t_const_ref, "x")], conf)
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE, []):
-        registration_counts.listeners += 1
+        _request_listener_slot()
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         if len(conf[CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID]) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
             cg.add(trigger.set_manufacturer_uuid16(as_hex(conf[CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID])))
@@ -315,7 +419,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(trigger.set_address(conf[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(adv_data_t_const_ref, "x")], conf)
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_SCAN_END, []):
-        registration_counts.listeners += 1
+        _request_listener_slot()
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
@@ -343,25 +447,19 @@ async def to_code(config):
 # chance to call register_ble_tracker and register_client before the list is checked
 # and added to the global defines list.
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def _add_ble_features():
+async def _add_ble_features() -> None:
     # Add feature-specific defines based on what's needed
     required_features = _get_required_features()
+    # Sensors registered through the neutral ble_device_base path (BLEHub) need
+    # the parsed-device pipeline compiled in, exactly like esp32-path listeners.
+    if cg.get_slot_count(ble_device_base.LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE):
+        # The neutral (BLEHub) listener count define itself is emitted by
+        # ble_device_base's own job; only the feature coupling lives here.
+        required_features.add(BLEFeatures.ESP_BT_DEVICE)
     if BLEFeatures.ESP_BT_DEVICE in required_features:
         cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE")
         cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID")
 
-    # Add defines for StaticVector sizing based on registration counts
-    # Only define if count > 0 to avoid allocating unnecessary memory
-    registration_counts = _get_registration_counts()
-    if registration_counts.listeners > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT", registration_counts.listeners
-        )
-    if registration_counts.clients > 0:
-        cg.add_define(
-            "ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT", registration_counts.clients
-        )
-
 
 ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
@@ -378,8 +476,11 @@ ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp32_ble_tracker_start_scan_action_to_code(
-    config, action_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_CONTINUOUS], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -403,8 +504,11 @@ ESP32_BLE_STOP_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp32_ble_tracker_stop_scan_action_to_code(
-    config, action_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -414,7 +518,7 @@ async def register_ble_device(
     var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType
 ) -> cg.SafeExpType:
     register_ble_features({BLEFeatures.ESP_BT_DEVICE})
-    _get_registration_counts().listeners += 1
+    _request_listener_slot()
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
     cg.add(paren.register_listener(var))
     return var
@@ -422,26 +526,12 @@ async def register_ble_device(
 
 async def register_client(var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType) -> cg.SafeExpType:
     register_ble_features({BLEFeatures.ESP_BT_DEVICE})
-    _get_registration_counts().clients += 1
+    _request_client_slot()
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
     cg.add(paren.register_client(var))
     return var
 
 
-async def register_raw_ble_device(
-    var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType
-) -> cg.SafeExpType:
-    """Register a BLE device listener that only needs raw advertisement data.
-
-    This does NOT register the ESP_BT_DEVICE feature, meaning ESPBTDevice
-    will not be compiled in if this is the only registration method used.
-    """
-    _get_registration_counts().listeners += 1
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
-    cg.add(paren.register_listener(var))
-    return var
-
-
 async def register_raw_client(
     var: cg.SafeExpType, config: ConfigType
 ) -> cg.SafeExpType:
@@ -450,7 +540,7 @@ async def register_raw_client(
     This does NOT register the ESP_BT_DEVICE feature, meaning ESPBTDevice
     will not be compiled in if this is the only registration method used.
     """
-    _get_registration_counts().clients += 1
+    _request_client_slot()
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID])
     cg.add(paren.register_client(var))
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/automation.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/automation.h
index b653325f56..541b63b2fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/automation.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 
+#include <vector>
+
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble_tracker {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
index f57cb7f5dc..5339565a32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -27,15 +27,6 @@
 #include <esp_coexist.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-#ifdef USE_BLE_TRACKER_PSA_AES
-#include <psa/crypto.h>
-#else
-#define MBEDTLS_AES_ALT
-#include <aes_alt.h>
-#endif
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-
 // bt_trace.h
 #undef TAG
 
@@ -43,32 +34,8 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble_tracker {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_tracker";
 
-// BLE advertisement max: 31 bytes adv data + 31 bytes scan response
-static constexpr size_t BLE_ADV_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 62;
-
 ESP32BLETracker *global_esp32_ble_tracker = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-const char *client_state_to_string(ClientState state) {
-  switch (state) {
-    case ClientState::INIT:
-      return "INIT";
-    case ClientState::DISCONNECTING:
-      return "DISCONNECTING";
-    case ClientState::IDLE:
-      return "IDLE";
-    case ClientState::DISCOVERED:
-      return "DISCOVERED";
-    case ClientState::CONNECTING:
-      return "CONNECTING";
-    case ClientState::CONNECTED:
-      return "CONNECTED";
-    case ClientState::ESTABLISHED:
-      return "ESTABLISHED";
-    default:
-      return "UNKNOWN";
-  }
-}
-
 float ESP32BLETracker::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::setup() {
@@ -88,6 +55,7 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 void ESP32BLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
   if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopping scan for OTA");
     this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
     this->stop_scan();
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
@@ -154,6 +122,9 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
   // - start_scan_(): scanner_state_ becomes IDLE via set_scanner_state_() in cleanup_scan_state_()
   // - try_promote_discovered_clients_(): client enters DISCOVERED via set_state(), or
   //   connecting client finishes (state change), or scanner reaches RUNNING/IDLE
+  // - connection-window restart: scan_params_ is only written in start_scan_()
+  //   (which changes scanner state via set_scanner_state_()), and
+  //   counts.active/disconnecting only change on client state changes
   //
   // All conditions that affect the logic below are tied to state changes that increment
   // state_version_, so the fast path is safe.
@@ -176,6 +147,19 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
       (this->scan_set_param_failed_ && this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING)) {
     this->handle_scanner_failure_();
   }
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // The programmed window no longer matches the connection state (typically
+  // the last connection dropped): restart so the right window applies now
+  // instead of at the end of the scan period. Continuous only (a user-started
+  // scan would not restart); !disconnecting matches the restart gate below.
+  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING && this->scan_continuous_ && !counts.disconnecting &&
+      this->scan_params_.scan_window != this->desired_scan_window_(counts.active)) {
+    // Same logical scan period continues: no on_scan_end sweeps for this
+    // restart. Only armed when the stop was issued.
+    this->skip_next_scan_end_ = this->stop_scan_();
+  }
+#endif
   /*
 
     Avoid starting the scanner if:
@@ -223,20 +207,27 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
 void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan() { this->start_scan_(true); }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopping scan.");
+  // V to match the start log: the mode-switch and OTA callers narrate their
+  // reason at D themselves, and the user-facing stop action is deliberate.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stopping scan.");
   this->scan_continuous_ = false;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // The window-change restart is abandoned with continuous scanning.
+  this->skip_next_scan_end_ = false;
+#endif
   this->stop_scan_();
 }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::ble_before_disabled_event_handler() { this->stop_scan_(); }
 
-void ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
+bool ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
   if (this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::RUNNING && this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::FAILED) {
-    // If scanner is already idle, there's nothing to stop - this is not an error
-    if (this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::IDLE) {
+    // IDLE means there is nothing to stop; STOPPING means a stop is already in
+    // flight and will finish on its own. Neither is an error.
+    if (this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::IDLE && this->scanner_state_ != ScannerState::STOPPING) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot stop scan: %s", this->scanner_state_to_string_(this->scanner_state_));
     }
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
   // Reset timeout state machine when stopping scan
   this->scan_timeout_state_ = ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE;
@@ -244,8 +235,9 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gap_stop_scanning();
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_stop_scanning failed: %d", err);
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
+  return true;
 }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan_(bool first) {
@@ -259,20 +251,29 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::start_scan_(bool first) {
   }
   this->set_scanner_state_(ScannerState::STARTING);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Starting scan, set scanner state to STARTING.");
-  if (!first) {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
-    for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
-      listener->on_scan_end();
+  if (!first)
+    this->notify_scan_end_();
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  this->skip_next_scan_end_ = false;
 #endif
-  }
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-  this->already_discovered_.clear();
+  this->discovered_log_.clear();
 #endif
   this->scan_params_.scan_type = this->scan_active_ ? BLE_SCAN_TYPE_ACTIVE : BLE_SCAN_TYPE_PASSIVE;
   this->scan_params_.own_addr_type = BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC;
   this->scan_params_.scan_filter_policy = BLE_SCAN_FILTER_ALLOW_ALL;
   this->scan_params_.scan_interval = this->scan_interval_;
-  this->scan_params_.scan_window = this->scan_window_;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // Count fresh: an automation can start a scan before loop() refreshes the counts.
+  const uint32_t window = this->desired_scan_window_(this->count_client_states_().active);
+  if (window != this->scan_window_) {
+    // Guarantee the connection airtime instead of scanning wall to wall.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Connection active, using %" PRIu32 " unit scan window", window);
+  }
+#else
+  const uint32_t window = this->scan_window_;
+#endif
+  this->scan_params_.scan_window = window;
 
   // Start timeout monitoring in loop() instead of using scheduler
   // This prevents false reboots when the loop is blocked
@@ -300,7 +301,17 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::register_client(ESPBTClient *client) {
   // Safe because ESP32BLETracker (singleton) outlives all registered clients.
   client->set_tracker_state_version(&this->state_version_);
   this->clients_.push_back(client);
-  this->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
+  // Registration is add-only, so the flag is a monotonic OR.
+  if (client->wants_parsed_advertisements())
+    this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
+#endif
+}
+
+void ESP32BLETracker::register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Neutral BLEHub path (migrated sensors): parsed-advertisement consumers only.
+  this->neutral_listeners_.push_back(listener);
+  this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -308,30 +319,7 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
   listener->set_parent(this);
   this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
-  this->recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
-#endif
-}
-
-void ESP32BLETracker::recalculate_advertisement_parser_types() {
-  this->raw_advertisements_ = false;
-  this->parse_advertisements_ = false;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
-  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-    if (listener->get_advertisement_parser_type() == AdvertisementParserType::PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS) {
-      this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
-    } else {
-      this->raw_advertisements_ = true;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
-  for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
-    if (client->get_advertisement_parser_type() == AdvertisementParserType::PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS) {
-      this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
-    } else {
-      this->raw_advertisements_ = true;
-    }
-  }
+  this->parse_advertisements_ = true;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -429,275 +417,13 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_i
 void ESP32BLETracker::set_scanner_state_(ScannerState state) {
   this->scanner_state_ = state;
   this->state_version_++;
-  for (auto *listener : this->scanner_state_listeners_) {
-    listener->on_scanner_state(state);
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  if (this->scanner_state_callback_.is_set()) {
+    this->scanner_state_callback_.invoke(state);
   }
-}
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-ESPBLEiBeacon::ESPBLEiBeacon(const uint8_t *data) { memcpy(&this->beacon_data_, data, sizeof(beacon_data_)); }
-optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(const ServiceData &data) {
-  if (!data.uuid.contains(0x4C, 0x00))
-    return {};
-
-  if (data.data.size() != 23)
-    return {};
-  return ESPBLEiBeacon(data.data.data());
-}
-
-void ESPBTDevice::parse_scan_rst(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
-  this->scan_result_ = &scan_result;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ESP_BD_ADDR_LEN; i++)
-    this->address_[i] = scan_result.bda[i];
-  this->address_type_ = static_cast<esp_ble_addr_type_t>(scan_result.ble_addr_type);
-  this->rssi_ = scan_result.rssi;
-
-  // Parse advertisement data directly
-  uint8_t total_len = scan_result.adv_data_len + scan_result.scan_rsp_len;
-  this->parse_adv_(scan_result.ble_adv, total_len);
-
-#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Parse Result:");
-  const char *address_type;
-  switch (this->address_type_) {
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC:
-      address_type = "PUBLIC";
-      break;
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RANDOM:
-      address_type = "RANDOM";
-      break;
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_PUBLIC:
-      address_type = "RPA_PUBLIC";
-      break;
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_RANDOM:
-      address_type = "RPA_RANDOM";
-      break;
-    default:
-      address_type = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X (%s)", this->address_[0], this->address_[1],
-            this->address_[2], this->address_[3], this->address_[4], this->address_[5], address_type);
-
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  RSSI: %d", this->rssi_);
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Name: '%s'", this->name_.c_str());
-  for (auto &it : this->tx_powers_) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  TX Power: %d", it);
-  }
-  if (this->appearance_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Appearance: %u", *this->appearance_);
-  }
-  if (this->ad_flag_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Ad Flag: %u", *this->ad_flag_);
-  }
-  for (auto &uuid : this->service_uuids_) {
-    char uuid_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-    uuid.to_str(uuid_buf);
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Service UUID: %s", uuid_buf);
-  }
-  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(BLE_ADV_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-  for (auto &data : this->manufacturer_datas_) {
-    auto ibeacon = ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(data);
-    if (ibeacon.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Manufacturer iBeacon:");
-      char uuid_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-      ibeacon.value().get_uuid().to_str(uuid_buf);
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    UUID: %s", uuid_buf);
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Major: %u", ibeacon.value().get_major());
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Minor: %u", ibeacon.value().get_minor());
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    TXPower: %d", ibeacon.value().get_signal_power());
-    } else {
-      char uuid_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-      data.uuid.to_str(uuid_buf);
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Manufacturer ID: %s, data: %s", uuid_buf,
-                format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data.data(), data.data.size()));
-    }
-  }
-  for (auto &data : this->service_datas_) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Service data:");
-    char uuid_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-    data.uuid.to_str(uuid_buf);
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    UUID: %s", uuid_buf);
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data.data(), data.data.size()));
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Adv data: %s",
-            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, scan_result.ble_adv, scan_result.adv_data_len + scan_result.scan_rsp_len));
 #endif
 }
 
-void ESPBTDevice::parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint8_t len) {
-  size_t offset = 0;
-
-  while (offset + 2 < len) {
-    const uint8_t field_length = payload[offset++];  // First byte is length of adv record
-    if (field_length == 0) {
-      continue;  // Possible zero padded advertisement data
-    }
-
-    // Validate field fits in remaining payload
-    if (offset + field_length > len) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // first byte of adv record is adv record type
-    const uint8_t record_type = payload[offset++];
-    const uint8_t *record = &payload[offset];
-    const uint8_t record_length = field_length - 1;
-    offset += record_length;
-
-    // See also Generic Access Profile Assigned Numbers:
-    // https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/generic-access-profile/ See also ADVERTISING AND SCAN
-    // RESPONSE DATA FORMAT: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/ (vol 3, part C, 11)
-    // See also Core Specification Supplement: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/
-    // (called CSS here)
-
-    switch (record_type) {
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_NAME_SHORT:
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_NAME_CMPL: {
-        // CSS 1.2 LOCAL NAME
-        // "The Local Name data type shall be the same as, or a shortened version of, the local name assigned to the
-        // device." CSS 1: Optional in this context; shall not appear more than once in a block.
-        // SHORTENED LOCAL NAME
-        // "The Shortened Local Name data type defines a shortened version of the Local Name data type. The Shortened
-        // Local Name data type shall not be used to advertise a name that is longer than the Local Name data type."
-        if (record_length > this->name_.length()) {
-          this->name_ = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(record), record_length);
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_TX_PWR: {
-        // CSS 1.5 TX POWER LEVEL
-        // "The TX Power Level data type indicates the transmitted power level of the packet containing the data type."
-        // CSS 1: Optional in this context (may appear more than once in a block).
-        this->tx_powers_.push_back(*record);
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_APPEARANCE: {
-        // CSS 1.12 APPEARANCE
-        // "The Appearance data type defines the external appearance of the device."
-        // See also https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/gatt/characteristics/
-        // CSS 1: Optional in this context; shall not appear more than once in a block and shall not appear in both
-        // the AD and SRD of the same extended advertising interval.
-        this->appearance_ = *reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(record);
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_FLAG: {
-        // CSS 1.3 FLAGS
-        // "The Flags data type contains one bit Boolean flags. The Flags data type shall be included when any of the
-        // Flag bits are non-zero and the advertising packet is connectable, otherwise the Flags data type may be
-        // omitted."
-        // CSS 1: Optional in this context; shall not appear more than once in a block.
-        this->ad_flag_ = *record;
-        break;
-      }
-      // CSS 1.1 SERVICE UUID
-      // The Service UUID data type is used to include a list of Service or Service Class UUIDs.
-      // There are six data types defined for the three sizes of Service UUIDs that may be returned:
-      // CSS 1: Optional in this context (may appear more than once in a block).
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_16SRV_CMPL:
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_16SRV_PART: {
-        // • 16-bit Bluetooth Service UUIDs
-        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < record_length / 2; i++) {
-          this->service_uuids_.push_back(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(*reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(record + 2 * i)));
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_32SRV_CMPL:
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_32SRV_PART: {
-        // • 32-bit Bluetooth Service UUIDs
-        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < record_length / 4; i++) {
-          this->service_uuids_.push_back(ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + 4 * i)));
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_128SRV_CMPL:
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_128SRV_PART: {
-        // • Global 128-bit Service UUIDs
-        this->service_uuids_.push_back(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(record));
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_MANUFACTURER_SPECIFIC_TYPE: {
-        // CSS 1.4 MANUFACTURER SPECIFIC DATA
-        // "The Manufacturer Specific data type is used for manufacturer specific data. The first two data octets shall
-        // contain a company identifier from Assigned Numbers. The interpretation of any other octets within the data
-        // shall be defined by the manufacturer specified by the company identifier."
-        // CSS 1: Optional in this context (may appear more than once in a block).
-        if (record_length < 2) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Record length too small for ESP_BLE_AD_MANUFACTURER_SPECIFIC_TYPE");
-          break;
-        }
-        ServiceData data{};
-        data.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(*reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(record));
-        data.data.assign(record + 2UL, record + record_length);
-        this->manufacturer_datas_.push_back(data);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      // CSS 1.11 SERVICE DATA
-      // "The Service Data data type consists of a service UUID with the data associated with that service."
-      // CSS 1: Optional in this context (may appear more than once in a block).
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_SERVICE_DATA: {
-        // «Service Data - 16 bit UUID»
-        // Size: 2 or more octets
-        // The first 2 octets contain the 16 bit Service UUID fol- lowed by additional service data
-        if (record_length < 2) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Record length too small for ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_SERVICE_DATA");
-          break;
-        }
-        ServiceData data{};
-        data.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(*reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(record));
-        data.data.assign(record + 2UL, record + record_length);
-        this->service_datas_.push_back(data);
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_32SERVICE_DATA: {
-        // «Service Data - 32 bit UUID»
-        // Size: 4 or more octets
-        // The first 4 octets contain the 32 bit Service UUID fol- lowed by additional service data
-        if (record_length < 4) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Record length too small for ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_32SERVICE_DATA");
-          break;
-        }
-        ServiceData data{};
-        data.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record));
-        data.data.assign(record + 4UL, record + record_length);
-        this->service_datas_.push_back(data);
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_128SERVICE_DATA: {
-        // «Service Data - 128 bit UUID»
-        // Size: 16 or more octets
-        // The first 16 octets contain the 128 bit Service UUID followed by additional service data
-        if (record_length < 16) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Record length too small for ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_128SERVICE_DATA");
-          break;
-        }
-        ServiceData data{};
-        data.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_raw(record);
-        data.data.assign(record + 16UL, record + record_length);
-        this->service_datas_.push_back(data);
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_INT_RANGE:
-        // Avoid logging this as it's very verbose
-        break;
-      default: {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unhandled type: advType: 0x%02x", record_type);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-std::string ESPBTDevice::address_str() const {
-  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  return this->address_str_to(buf);
-}
-
-uint64_t ESPBTDevice::address_uint64() const { return esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(this->address_); }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-
 void ESP32BLETracker::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "BLE Tracker:");
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
@@ -708,6 +434,11 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::dump_config() {
                 "  Continuous Scanning: %s",
                 this->scan_duration_, this->scan_interval_ * 0.625f, this->scan_window_ * 0.625f,
                 this->scan_active_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE", YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  if (this->connection_scan_window_ != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Connection Scan Window: %.1f ms", this->connection_scan_window_ * 0.625f);
+  }
+#endif
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Scanner State: %s\n"
                 "  Connecting: %d, discovered: %d, disconnecting: %d, active: %d",
@@ -721,124 +452,33 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::dump_config() {
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 void ESP32BLETracker::print_bt_device_info(const ESPBTDevice &device) {
-  const uint64_t address = device.address_uint64();
-  for (auto &disc : this->already_discovered_) {
-    if (disc == address)
-      return;
-  }
-  this->already_discovered_.push_back(address);
-
-  char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found device %s RSSI=%d", device.address_str_to(addr_buf), device.get_rssi());
-
-  const char *address_type_s;
-  switch (device.get_address_type()) {
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC:
-      address_type_s = "PUBLIC";
-      break;
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RANDOM:
-      address_type_s = "RANDOM";
-      break;
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_PUBLIC:
-      address_type_s = "RPA_PUBLIC";
-      break;
-    case BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_RANDOM:
-      address_type_s = "RPA_RANDOM";
-      break;
-    default:
-      address_type_s = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Address Type: %s", address_type_s);
-  if (!device.get_name().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Name: '%s'", device.get_name().c_str());
-  }
-  for (auto &tx_power : device.get_tx_powers()) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  TX Power: %d", tx_power);
-  }
+  // Shared implementation in ble_device_base — identical output and per-period
+  // MAC dedup on every tracker backend.
+  this->discovered_log_.log_device(TAG, device);
 }
 
-bool ESPBTDevice::resolve_irk(const uint8_t *irk) const {
-  static constexpr size_t AES_BLOCK_SIZE = 16;
-  static constexpr size_t AES_KEY_BITS = 128;
-
-  uint8_t ecb_key[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
-  uint8_t ecb_plaintext[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
-  uint8_t ecb_ciphertext[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
-
-  uint64_t addr64 = esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(this->address_);
-
-  memcpy(&ecb_key, irk, AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
-  memset(&ecb_plaintext, 0, AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
-
-  ecb_plaintext[13] = (addr64 >> 40) & 0xff;
-  ecb_plaintext[14] = (addr64 >> 32) & 0xff;
-  ecb_plaintext[15] = (addr64 >> 24) & 0xff;
-
-#ifdef USE_BLE_TRACKER_PSA_AES
-  // Use PSA Crypto API (mbedtls 4.0 / IDF 6.0+)
-  psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT;
-  psa_set_key_type(&attributes, PSA_KEY_TYPE_AES);
-  psa_set_key_bits(&attributes, AES_KEY_BITS);
-  psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attributes, PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT);
-  psa_set_key_algorithm(&attributes, PSA_ALG_ECB_NO_PADDING);
-
-  mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key_id;
-  if (psa_import_key(&attributes, ecb_key, AES_BLOCK_SIZE, &key_id) != PSA_SUCCESS) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  size_t output_length;
-  psa_status_t status = psa_cipher_encrypt(key_id, PSA_ALG_ECB_NO_PADDING, ecb_plaintext, AES_BLOCK_SIZE,
-                                           ecb_ciphertext, AES_BLOCK_SIZE, &output_length);
-  psa_destroy_key(key_id);
-  if (status != PSA_SUCCESS || output_length != AES_BLOCK_SIZE) {
-    return false;
-  }
-#else
-  // Use legacy mbedtls AES API (IDF < 6.0)
-  mbedtls_aes_context ctx = {0, 0, {0}};
-  mbedtls_aes_init(&ctx);
-
-  if (mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc(&ctx, ecb_key, AES_KEY_BITS) != 0) {
-    mbedtls_aes_free(&ctx);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (mbedtls_aes_crypt_ecb(&ctx, ESP_AES_ENCRYPT, ecb_plaintext, ecb_ciphertext) != 0) {
-    mbedtls_aes_free(&ctx);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  mbedtls_aes_free(&ctx);
-#endif
-
-  return ecb_ciphertext[15] == (addr64 & 0xff) && ecb_ciphertext[14] == ((addr64 >> 8) & 0xff) &&
-         ecb_ciphertext[13] == ((addr64 >> 16) & 0xff);
-}
+// resolve_irk() is provided by ble_device_base (portable software AES).
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::process_scan_result_(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
-  // Process raw advertisements
-  if (this->raw_advertisements_) {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
-    for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-      listener->parse_devices(&scan_result, 1);
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
-    for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
-      client->parse_devices(&scan_result, 1);
-    }
-#endif
+  // Neutral raw-advertisement subscriber (the bluetooth_proxy path).
+  if (this->raw_advertisement_callback_.is_set()) {
+    ble_device_base::RawAdvertisement adv;
+    adv.address = esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(scan_result.bda);
+    adv.data = scan_result.ble_adv;
+    adv.data_len = static_cast<uint16_t>(scan_result.adv_data_len) + scan_result.scan_rsp_len;
+    adv.rssi = scan_result.rssi;
+    adv.addr_type = scan_result.ble_addr_type;
+    this->raw_advertisement_callback_.invoke(adv);
   }
 
   // Process parsed advertisements
   if (this->parse_advertisements_) {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
     ESPBTDevice device;
+    // The historical ingest keeps the raw scan-result fields populated for
+    // external components.
     device.parse_scan_rst(scan_result);
 
     bool found = false;
@@ -848,6 +488,12 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::process_scan_result_(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
         found = true;
     }
 #endif
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+    for (auto *listener : this->neutral_listeners_) {
+      if (listener->parse_device(device))
+        found = true;
+    }
+#endif
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
     for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
@@ -867,17 +513,31 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::process_scan_result_(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
 void ESP32BLETracker::cleanup_scan_state_(bool is_stop_complete) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan %scomplete, set scanner state to IDLE.", is_stop_complete ? "stop " : "");
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-  this->already_discovered_.clear();
+  this->discovered_log_.clear();
 #endif
   // Reset timeout state machine instead of cancelling scheduler timeout
   this->scan_timeout_state_ = ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE;
 
+  this->notify_scan_end_();
+
+  this->set_scanner_state_(ScannerState::IDLE);
+}
+
+void ESP32BLETracker::notify_scan_end_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  // Window-change restart continues the same scan period; the flag stays set
+  // across the stop and is cleared by the restart in start_scan_.
+  if (this->skip_next_scan_end_)
+    return;
+#endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT
   for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
     listener->on_scan_end();
 #endif
-
-  this->set_scanner_state_(ScannerState::IDLE);
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  for (auto *listener : this->neutral_listeners_)
+    listener->on_scan_end();
+#endif
 }
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::handle_scanner_failure_() {
@@ -915,6 +575,8 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::try_promote_discovered_clients_() {
     }
 
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Promoting client to connect");
+    // A connect ends the scan period a window-change restart was continuing.
+    this->skip_next_scan_end_ = false;
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
     this->update_coex_preference_(true);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
index 3415196a11..618444e626 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
@@ -8,17 +8,9 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-#include <esp_idf_version.h>
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
-// mbedtls 4.0 (IDF 6.0) removed the legacy mbedtls AES API.
-// Use the PSA Crypto API instead.
-#define USE_BLE_TRACKER_PSA_AES
-#endif
-
 #include <esp_bt_defs.h>
 #include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
@@ -26,6 +18,9 @@
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/semphr.h>
 
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_client_state.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_scan_result.h"
@@ -38,118 +33,31 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble_tracker {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
 
-using adv_data_t = std::vector<uint8_t>;
-
-enum AdvertisementParserType {
-  PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS,
-  RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS,
-};
+using adv_data_t = ble_device_base::adv_data_t;
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID
-struct ServiceData {
-  ESPBTUUID uuid;
-  adv_data_t data;
-};
+using ServiceData = ble_device_base::ServiceData;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-class ESPBLEiBeacon {
- public:
-  ESPBLEiBeacon() { memset(&this->beacon_data_, 0, sizeof(this->beacon_data_)); }
-  ESPBLEiBeacon(const uint8_t *data);
-  static optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> from_manufacturer_data(const ServiceData &data);
-
-  uint16_t get_major() { return byteswap(this->beacon_data_.major); }
-  uint16_t get_minor() { return byteswap(this->beacon_data_.minor); }
-  int8_t get_signal_power() { return this->beacon_data_.signal_power; }
-  ESPBTUUID get_uuid() { return ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(this->beacon_data_.proximity_uuid); }
-
- protected:
-  struct {
-    uint8_t sub_type;
-    uint8_t length;
-    uint8_t proximity_uuid[16];
-    uint16_t major;
-    uint16_t minor;
-    int8_t signal_power;
-  } PACKED beacon_data_;
-};
-
-class ESPBTDevice {
- public:
-  void parse_scan_rst(const BLEScanResult &scan_result);
-
-  std::string address_str() const;
-
-  /// Format MAC address into provided buffer, returns pointer to buffer for convenience
-  const char *address_str_to(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) const {
-    format_mac_addr_upper(this->address_, buf.data());
-    return buf.data();
-  }
-
-  uint64_t address_uint64() const;
-
-  const uint8_t *address() const { return address_; }
-
-  esp_ble_addr_type_t get_address_type() const { return this->address_type_; }
-  int get_rssi() const { return rssi_; }
-  const std::string &get_name() const { return this->name_; }
-
-  const std::vector<int8_t> &get_tx_powers() const { return tx_powers_; }
-
-  const optional<uint16_t> &get_appearance() const { return appearance_; }
-  const optional<uint8_t> &get_ad_flag() const { return ad_flag_; }
-  const std::vector<ESPBTUUID> &get_service_uuids() const { return service_uuids_; }
-
-  const std::vector<ServiceData> &get_manufacturer_datas() const { return manufacturer_datas_; }
-
-  const std::vector<ServiceData> &get_service_datas() const { return service_datas_; }
-
-  // Exposed through a function for use in lambdas
-  const BLEScanResult &get_scan_result() const { return *scan_result_; }
-
-  bool resolve_irk(const uint8_t *irk) const;
-
-  optional<ESPBLEiBeacon> get_ibeacon() const {
-    for (auto &it : this->manufacturer_datas_) {
-      auto res = ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(it);
-      if (res.has_value())
-        return res;
-    }
-    return {};
-  }
-
- protected:
-  void parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint8_t len);
-
-  esp_bd_addr_t address_{
-      0,
-  };
-  esp_ble_addr_type_t address_type_{BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC};
-  int rssi_{0};
-  std::string name_{};
-  std::vector<int8_t> tx_powers_{};
-  optional<uint16_t> appearance_{};
-  optional<uint8_t> ad_flag_{};
-  std::vector<ESPBTUUID> service_uuids_{};
-  std::vector<ServiceData> manufacturer_datas_{};
-  std::vector<ServiceData> service_datas_{};
-  const BLEScanResult *scan_result_{nullptr};
-};
+// The advertisement device types are owned by the platform-neutral
+// ble_device_base layer; re-exported here (esp32 only) for backward
+// compatibility. ESPBTDevice::parse_scan_rst() (esp32-only) adapts BLEScanResult.
+using ESPBLEiBeacon = ble_device_base::ESPBLEiBeacon;
+using ESPBTDevice = ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice;
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 
 class ESP32BLETracker;
 
-class ESPBTDeviceListener {
+// esp32-flavored listener: the neutral parse_device/on_scan_end come from
+// ble_device_base; this subclass adds the esp32-only raw-advertisement path
+// (BLEScanResult batches) and the tracker back-pointer.
+class ESPBTDeviceListener : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  virtual void on_scan_end() {}
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-  virtual bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) = 0;
+#ifndef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
+  // Raw-only build: no parsed-device support is compiled in.
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
 #endif
-  virtual bool parse_devices(const BLEScanResult *scan_results, size_t count) { return false; };
-  virtual AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() {
-    return AdvertisementParserType::PARSED_ADVERTISEMENTS;
-  };
   void set_parent(ESP32BLETracker *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
 
  protected:
@@ -172,60 +80,14 @@ struct ClientStateCounts {
   bool operator!=(const ClientStateCounts &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
 };
 
-enum class ClientState : uint8_t {
-  // Connection is allocated
-  INIT,
-  // Client is disconnecting
-  DISCONNECTING,
-  // Connection is idle, no device detected.
-  IDLE,
-  // Device advertisement found.
-  DISCOVERED,
-  // Connection in progress.
-  CONNECTING,
-  // Initial connection established.
-  CONNECTED,
-  // The client and sub-clients have completed setup.
-  ESTABLISHED,
-};
+// The client connection state types are owned by the platform-neutral
+// ble_device_base layer; re-exported here for backward compatibility.
+using ClientState = ble_device_base::ClientState;
+using ConnectionType = ble_device_base::ConnectionType;
+using ble_device_base::client_state_to_string;
 
-enum class ScannerState {
-  // Scanner is idle, init state
-  IDLE,
-  // Scanner is starting
-  STARTING,
-  // Scanner is running
-  RUNNING,
-  // Scanner failed to start
-  FAILED,
-  // Scanner is stopping
-  STOPPING,
-};
-
-/** Listener interface for BLE scanner state changes.
- *
- * Components can implement this interface to receive scanner state updates
- * without the overhead of std::function callbacks.
- */
-class BLEScannerStateListener {
- public:
-  virtual void on_scanner_state(ScannerState state) = 0;
-};
-
-// Helper function to convert ClientState to string
-const char *client_state_to_string(ClientState state);
-
-enum class ConnectionType : uint8_t {
-  // The default connection type, we hold all the services in ram
-  // for the duration of the connection.
-  V1,
-  // The client has a cache of the services and mtu so we should not
-  // fetch them again
-  V3_WITH_CACHE,
-  // The client does not need the services and mtu once we send them
-  // so we should wipe them from memory as soon as we send them
-  V3_WITHOUT_CACHE
-};
+// Neutral scanner lifecycle re-exported for backward compatibility.
+using ScannerState = ble_device_base::ScannerState;
 
 /// Base class for BLE GATT clients that connect to remote devices.
 ///
@@ -242,6 +104,10 @@ enum class ConnectionType : uint8_t {
 /// The pointer may be null if the client is not registered with a tracker.
 class ESPBTClient : public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
+  /// False keeps the tracker from building parsed ESPBTDevice objects on
+  /// this client's account (raw consumers use the hub callback).
+  virtual bool wants_parsed_advertisements() { return true; }
+
   virtual bool gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                                    esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) = 0;
   virtual void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) = 0;
@@ -303,6 +169,9 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
   void set_scan_interval(uint32_t scan_interval) { scan_interval_ = scan_interval; }
   void set_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  void set_connection_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { connection_scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+#endif
   void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) { scan_active_ = scan_active; }
   bool get_scan_active() const { return scan_active_; }
   void set_scan_continuous(bool scan_continuous) { scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous; }
@@ -314,9 +183,32 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
 
   void loop() override;
 
+  // esp32-flavored path (unmigrated esp32 sensors; sets the tracker back-pointer).
   void register_listener(ESPBTDeviceListener *listener);
   void register_client(ESPBTClient *client);
-  void recalculate_advertisement_parser_types();
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub (the platform-neutral tracker contract) ----
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener);
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->raw_advertisement_callback_ = callback;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  void set_scanner_state_callback(ble_device_base::ScannerStateCallback callback) {
+    this->scanner_state_callback_ = callback;
+  }
+#endif
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
+    // scan_mode_switch is false: the mode is driven through this tracker's own
+    // API (set_scan_active + restart), not the neutral request_scan_mode().
+    return {/* active_scan = */ true, /* merges_scan_response = */ true, /* gatt = */ true,
+            /* scan_mode_switch = */ false};
+  }
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) { this->parent_->get_mac_msb_first(out); }
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+  // The mode is driven through this tracker's own API (see get_capabilities);
+  // the neutral request refuses without changing any state.
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active) { return false; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   void print_bt_device_info(const ESPBTDevice &device);
@@ -334,14 +226,13 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
 #endif
 
-  /// Add a listener for scanner state changes
-  void add_scanner_state_listener(BLEScannerStateListener *listener) {
-    this->scanner_state_listeners_.push_back(listener);
-  }
   ScannerState get_scanner_state() const { return this->scanner_state_; }
 
  protected:
-  void stop_scan_();
+  /// Returns true when a stop was issued to the controller.
+  bool stop_scan_();
+  /// Fire on_scan_end on every listener unless a window-change restart suppressed it.
+  void notify_scan_end_();
   /// Start a single scan by setting up the parameters and doing some esp-idf calls.
   void start_scan_(bool first);
   /// Called when a `ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RESULT_EVT` event is received.
@@ -404,10 +295,18 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
   StaticVector<ESPBTClient *, ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT> clients_;
 #endif
-  std::vector<BLEScannerStateListener *> scanner_state_listeners_;
+  // Parsed listeners registered through the neutral BLEHub contract (migrated
+  // sensors); dispatched alongside listeners_.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT
+  StaticVector<ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *, ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT> neutral_listeners_;
+#endif
+  ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback raw_advertisement_callback_{};
+#ifdef USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+  ble_device_base::ScannerStateCallback scanner_state_callback_{};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-  /// Vector of addresses that have already been printed in print_bt_device_info
-  std::vector<uint64_t> already_discovered_;
+  /// Per-period "Found device" DEBUG log with MAC dedup (shared ble_device_base impl)
+  ble_device_base::DiscoveredDeviceLog discovered_log_;
 #endif
 
   // Group 2: Structs (aligned to 4 bytes)
@@ -420,6 +319,15 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   uint32_t scan_duration_;
   uint32_t scan_interval_;
   uint32_t scan_window_;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  /// Window used while a GATT connection is active; set by the user, or
+  /// defaulted when the window was raised to full duty (0 = no fallback).
+  uint32_t connection_scan_window_{0};
+  /// The window to scan at for the given number of active GATT connections.
+  uint32_t desired_scan_window_(uint8_t active) const {
+    return (this->connection_scan_window_ != 0 && active > 0) ? this->connection_scan_window_ : this->scan_window_;
+  }
+#endif
   esp_bt_status_t scan_start_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
   esp_bt_status_t scan_set_param_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
 
@@ -437,16 +345,20 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
   /// state_version_ to detect if any state changed since last iteration.
   uint8_t last_processed_version_{0};
   ScannerState scanner_state_{ScannerState::IDLE};
-  bool scan_continuous_;
-  bool scan_active_;
+  // Packed 1-bit flags.
+  bool scan_continuous_ : 1;
+  bool scan_active_ : 1;
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
-  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_{false};
+  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_ : 1 {false};
+#endif
+  bool ble_was_disabled_ : 1 {true};
+  bool parse_advertisements_ : 1 {false};
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT
+  /// Suppress the window-change restart's on_scan_end sweeps (stop and start).
+  bool skip_next_scan_end_ : 1 {false};
 #endif
-  bool ble_was_disabled_{true};
-  bool raw_advertisements_{false};
-  bool parse_advertisements_{false};
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
-  bool coex_prefer_ble_{false};
+  bool coex_prefer_ble_ : 1 {false};
 #endif
   // Scan timeout state machine
   enum class ScanTimeoutState : uint8_t {
@@ -454,10 +366,10 @@ class ESP32BLETracker final : public Component,
     MONITORING,     // Actively monitoring for timeout
     EXCEEDED_WAIT,  // Timeout exceeded, waiting one loop before reboot
   };
+  ScanTimeoutState scan_timeout_state_{ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE};
   uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};
   /// Precomputed timeout value: scan_duration_ * 2000
   uint32_t scan_timeout_ms_{0};
-  ScanTimeoutState scan_timeout_state_{ScanTimeoutState::INACTIVE};
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
index c3b35a8279..3c41d22903 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import setup_entity
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ CONF_ON_IMAGE = "on_image"
 camera_range_param = cv.int_range(min=-2, max=2)
 
 
-def validate_fb_location_(value):
+def validate_fb_location_(value: Any) -> MockObj:
     validator = cv.enum(ENUM_FB_LOCATION, upper=True)
     if value.lower() == psram_domain:
         validator = cv.All(validator, cv.requires_component(psram_domain))
@@ -310,7 +312,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Check psram requirement for non-JPEG formats
     if (
         config.get(CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT, "JPEG") != "JPEG"
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ SETTERS = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
index da260ad7a1..d54d5c6937 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE, CONF_PORT
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -35,12 +36,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.enum(MODES, upper=True),
         },
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
     _consume_camera_web_server_sockets,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     server = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(server.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
     cg.add(server.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
     await cg.register_component(server, config)
+    # esp_http_server is excluded from IDF builds by default to save compile time
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_server")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp
index 7527bbf7e4..88579e9632 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/camera_web_server.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_camera_web_server {
 
-static const int IMAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 5000;
+static const uint32_t IMAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 5000;
+// How often streaming_handler_ reports its throughput.
+static const uint32_t STREAM_STATS_INTERVAL = 5000;
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_camera_web_server";
 
 #define PART_BOUNDARY "123456789000000000000987654321"
@@ -113,10 +115,31 @@ std::shared_ptr<esphome::camera::CameraImage> CameraWebServer::wait_for_image_()
   std::shared_ptr<esphome::camera::CameraImage> image;
   image.swap(this->image_);
 
-  if (!image) {
-    // retry as we might still be fetching image
-    xSemaphoreTake(this->semaphore_, IMAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+  if (image)
+    return image;
+
+  // Keep waiting until a frame really shows up, rather than trusting a single
+  // take() to mean one is there.
+  //
+  // on_camera_image() gives the semaphore for every frame it accepts, but the
+  // swap above hands frames out without taking it, so as soon as the camera is
+  // faster than this task for one frame the (binary) semaphore is left
+  // signalled by a frame that has already been consumed. The next take() then
+  // returns immediately with nothing to swap in, and the caller reports a lost
+  // frame and closes the stream -- after an arbitrary number of good frames,
+  // which is exactly when the camera happens to fall behind for one iteration.
+  //
+  // running_ is re-checked on every pass so a shutdown or a client that went
+  // away is noticed straight away instead of after the full timeout.
+  const uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (this->running_) {
+    uint32_t elapsed = millis() - start;
+    if (elapsed >= IMAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT)
+      break;
+    xSemaphoreTake(this->semaphore_, pdMS_TO_TICKS(IMAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT - elapsed));
     image.swap(this->image_);
+    if (image)
+      break;
   }
 
   return image;
@@ -170,8 +193,14 @@ esp_err_t CameraWebServer::streaming_handler_(struct httpd_req *req) {
     return res;
   }
 
-  uint32_t last_frame = millis();
   uint32_t frames = 0;
+  // Frame statistics are aggregated over STREAM_STATS_INTERVAL rather than
+  // logged per frame. A line per frame comes out of this (non-main) task tens
+  // of times a second, and formatting and buffering it costs more than the
+  // stream it is reporting on.
+  uint32_t stats_since = millis();
+  uint32_t stats_frames = 0;
+  uint32_t stats_bytes = 0;
 
   camera::Camera::instance()->start_stream(esphome::camera::WEB_REQUESTER);
 
@@ -179,7 +208,10 @@ esp_err_t CameraWebServer::streaming_handler_(struct httpd_req *req) {
     auto image = this->wait_for_image_();
 
     if (!image) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "STREAM: failed to acquire frame");
+      // A shutdown is not a lost frame: wait_for_image_() returns empty as soon
+      // as running_ clears, and the loop condition below ends the stream anyway.
+      if (this->running_)
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "STREAM: failed to acquire frame");
       res = ESP_FAIL;
     }
     if (res == ESP_OK) {
@@ -194,14 +226,29 @@ esp_err_t CameraWebServer::streaming_handler_(struct httpd_req *req) {
     }
     if (res == ESP_OK) {
       frames++;
-      int64_t frame_time = millis() - last_frame;
-      last_frame = millis();
-
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MJPG: %" PRIu32 "B %" PRIu32 "ms (%.1ffps)", (uint32_t) image->get_data_length(),
-               (uint32_t) frame_time, 1000.0 / (uint32_t) frame_time);
+      stats_frames++;
+      stats_bytes += image->get_data_length();
+      uint32_t elapsed = millis() - stats_since;
+      if (elapsed >= STREAM_STATS_INTERVAL) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MJPG: %.1ffps, %" PRIu32 "B/frame (%" PRIu32 " frames)", stats_frames * 1000.0f / elapsed,
+                 stats_bytes / stats_frames, stats_frames);
+        stats_since = millis();
+        stats_frames = 0;
+        stats_bytes = 0;
+      }
     }
   }
 
+  // Report whatever did not fill a whole interval, so a stream that only ran for
+  // a second or two still says what it managed rather than nothing at all.
+  if (stats_frames > 0) {
+    uint32_t elapsed = millis() - stats_since;
+    if (elapsed == 0)
+      elapsed = 1;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MJPG: %.1ffps, %" PRIu32 "B/frame (%" PRIu32 " frames)", stats_frames * 1000.0f / elapsed,
+             stats_bytes / stats_frames, stats_frames);
+  }
+
   if (!frames) {
     res = httpd_send_all(req, STREAM_ERROR, strlen(STREAM_ERROR));
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py b/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py
index 7245ba7513..2272459fb8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import math
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TX_PIN,
     CONF_TX_QUEUE_LEN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Sympatron"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ CAN_SPEEDS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_bit_rate(value):
+def validate_bit_rate(value: Any) -> str:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant not in CAN_SPEEDS:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} is not supported by component {esp32_can_ns}")
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = canbus.CANBUS_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def get_default_tx_enqueue_timeout(bit_rate):
+def get_default_tx_enqueue_timeout(bit_rate: str) -> int:
     bit_rate_numeric = canbus.get_rate(bit_rate)
     bits_per_packet = 140  # ~max CAN message length
     ms_per_packet = bits_per_packet / bit_rate_numeric * 1000
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ def get_default_tx_enqueue_timeout(bit_rate):
     )  # ~10 packet lengths, min 1ms, max 1000ms
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Legacy driver component provides driver/twai.h header
     include_builtin_idf_component("driver")
     # Also enable esp_driver_twai for future migration to new API
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py b/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py
index 7c63d7bd11..c87a9e2a1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ DAC_PINS = {
 }
 
 
-def valid_dac_pin(value):
+def valid_dac_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     try:
         valid_pins = DAC_PINS[variant]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_dac")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
index 7f420f27d8..ab9455250c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome import pins
 from esphome.components import esp32
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SLOT, CONF_USE_PSRAM
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLK_PIN,
@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VARIANT,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import add_define
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@swoboda1337"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
+# esp32_ble raises the task watchdog around the remote BT controller bring-up
+AUTO_LOAD = ["watchdog"]
 
 CONF_ACTIVE_HIGH = "active_high"
 CONF_BUS_WIDTH = "bus_width"
@@ -31,7 +35,6 @@ CONF_DATA_READY_PIN = "data_ready_pin"
 CONF_HANDSHAKE_ACTIVE_HIGH = "handshake_active_high"
 CONF_HANDSHAKE_PIN = "handshake_pin"
 CONF_SDIO_FREQUENCY = "sdio_frequency"
-CONF_SLOT = "slot"
 CONF_SPI_MODE = "spi_mode"
 
 # Shared fields for both transport modes
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ SDIO_SCHEMA = BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_sdio(config):
+def _validate_sdio(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_BUS_WIDTH] == 4:
         for pin in (CONF_D1_PIN, CONF_D2_PIN, CONF_D3_PIN):
             if pin not in config:
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ SPI_SCHEMA = BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_spi(config):
+def _validate_spi(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
     defaults = _SPI_VARIANT_DEFAULTS.get(variant, _SPI_DEFAULT)
 
@@ -123,7 +126,22 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-def _configure_sdio(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # The esp_hosted releases compatible with older ESP-IDF versions crash at
+    # boot with a heap double free in the SDIO RX path (fixed in esp_hosted
+    # 2.11.0, which requires ESP-IDF 5.3), so reject them at validation time.
+    if (idf_ver := esp32.idf_version()) < cv.Version(5, 3, 0):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"esp32_hosted requires ESP-IDF 5.3 or newer, got {idf_ver}. "
+            "Remove the framework version from your configuration to use the "
+            "recommended version, or pin a version at or above 5.3."
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+def _configure_sdio(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     slot = config[CONF_SLOT]
     esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
         f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_SLOT_{slot}",
@@ -165,7 +183,7 @@ def _configure_sdio(config):
     )
 
 
-def _configure_spi(config):
+def _configure_spi(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SPI_HOST_INTERFACE", True)
     # SPI mode is set via per-variant choice options
     variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
@@ -213,7 +231,7 @@ def _configure_spi(config):
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_DR_ACTIVE_LOW", True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     add_define("USE_ESP32_HOSTED")
     transport = config[CONF_TYPE]
     transport_prefix = "SDIO" if transport == "sdio" else "SPI"
@@ -250,18 +268,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_USE_PSRAM]:
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_MEMPOOL_PREFER_SPIRAM", True)
 
-    # Library versions
+    # Library versions; this component set requires ESP-IDF 5.3 or newer,
+    # which is enforced at validation time.
     idf_ver = esp32.idf_version()
     os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{idf_ver.major}.{idf_ver.minor}"
-    if idf_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.5.1")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/wifi_remote_over_eppp", ref="0.3.2")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.5")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.9")
-    else:
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.13.0")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.0.11")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.6.3")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/wifi_remote_over_eppp", ref="0.3.3")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.5")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.12")
     esp32.add_extra_script(
         "post",
         "esp32_hosted.py",
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
index 351b0869b0..4eb5d1745b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::setup() {
   // Publish state
   this->status_clear_error();
   this->publish_state();
+  // Defer so the automation runs on the main loop after setup, not during App.setup()
+  if (this->state_ == update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE && this->update_available_trigger_) {
+    this->defer([this]() { this->update_available_trigger_->trigger(this->update_info_); });
+  }
 #else
   // HTTP mode: check every 10s until network is ready (max 6 attempts)
   // Only if update interval is > 1 minute to avoid redundant checks
@@ -185,6 +189,8 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::check() {
     return;
   }
 
+  const bool was_available = this->state_ == update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE;
+
   // Compare versions
   if (this->update_info_.latest_version.empty() ||
       this->update_info_.latest_version == this->update_info_.current_version) {
@@ -197,6 +203,9 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::check() {
   this->update_info_.progress = 0.0f;
   this->status_clear_error();
   this->publish_state();
+  if (this->state_ == update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE && !was_available && this->update_available_trigger_) {
+    this->update_available_trigger_->trigger(this->update_info_);
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py
index ad2f057163..32eb166014 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble, improv_base, output
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_START, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_server", "improv_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GATT, BTLoggers.SMP)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
index e6fcc018d9..6e3a4ef526 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_improv {
@@ -41,6 +45,15 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup() {
 #endif
   global_ble_server->on_disconnect([this](uint16_t conn_id) { this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE); });
 
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->add_on_closed_callback([this]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Provisioning window closed; stopping Improv");
+      this->stop();
+    });
+  }
+#endif
+
   // Start with loop disabled - will be enabled by start() when needed
   this->disable_loop();
 }
@@ -282,6 +295,15 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::start() {
   if (this->should_start_ || this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
     return;
 
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // Don't (re)start advertising once the provisioning window has closed - e.g. when
+  // wifi tries to restart Improv after the window expired at runtime.
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr && provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->closed()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Provisioning window closed; not starting Improv");
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting Improv to start");
   this->should_start_ = true;
   this->enable_loop();
@@ -338,6 +360,15 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::process_incoming_data_() {
           this->incoming_data_.clear();
           return;
         }
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+        if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr &&
+            provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->closed()) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Provisioning window closed; refusing settings");
+          this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NOT_AUTHORIZED);
+          this->incoming_data_.clear();
+          return;
+        }
+#endif
         if (wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled()) {
           // Wi-Fi is disabled, so we can't provision. Respond immediately
           // instead of letting the client wait out its provisioning timeout.
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
index 1076bcabdc..a213a78778 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.components import esp32
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
 VARIANTS_NO_RMT = {esp32.VARIANT_ESP32C2, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32C61}
 
 
-def validate_rmt_not_supported(rmt_only_keys):
+def validate_rmt_not_supported(
+    rmt_only_keys: Iterable[str],
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
     """Validate that RMT-only config keys are not used on variants without RMT hardware."""
     rmt_only_keys = set(rmt_only_keys)
 
-    def _validator(config):
+    def _validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
             if variant in VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
@@ -26,8 +32,8 @@ def validate_rmt_not_supported(rmt_only_keys):
     return _validator
 
 
-def validate_clock_resolution():
-    def _validator(value):
+def validate_clock_resolution() -> Callable[[Any], int]:
+    def _validator(value: Any) -> int:
         cv.only_on_esp32(value)
         value = cv.int_(value)
         variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index ed2a8c5a68..7cac1dfb41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -221,46 +221,12 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
 }
 
 light::ESPColorView ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::get_view_internal(int32_t index) const {
-  int32_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-  uint8_t multiplier = this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3;
-  uint8_t white = this->is_wrgb_ ? 0 : 3;
-
-  return {this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + r + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + g + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + b + this->is_wrgb_,
-          this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + white : nullptr,
+  const light::ChannelColors &colors = this->channel_colors_;
+  uint8_t *led = this->buf_ + (index * colors.bytes_per_led());
+  return {led + colors.r,
+          led + colors.g,
+          led + colors.b,
+          colors.has_white() ? led + colors.w : nullptr,
           &this->effect_data_[index],
           &this->correction_};
 }
@@ -271,35 +237,12 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  Pin: %u",
                 this->pin_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  RMT Symbols: %" PRIu32, this->rmt_symbols_);
-  const char *rgb_order;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      rgb_order = "RGB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      rgb_order = "RBG";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      rgb_order = "GRB";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      rgb_order = "GBR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      rgb_order = "BGR";
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      rgb_order = "BRG";
-      break;
-    default:
-      rgb_order = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
+  char channel_colors[5];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  RGB Order: %s\n"
+                "  Channel colors: %s\n"
                 "  Max refresh rate: %" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %u",
-                rgb_order, this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
+                this->channel_colors_.to_string(channel_colors), this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
 }
 
 float ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h
index d7ba2aafbf..61aac06d76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -15,15 +16,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_rmt_led_strip {
 
-enum RGBOrder : uint8_t {
-  ORDER_RGB,
-  ORDER_RBG,
-  ORDER_GRB,
-  ORDER_GBR,
-  ORDER_BGR,
-  ORDER_BRG,
-};
-
 struct LedParams {
   rmt_symbol_word_t bit0;
   rmt_symbol_word_t bit1;
@@ -39,7 +31,7 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   int32_t size() const override { return this->num_leds_; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
     auto traits = light::LightTraits();
-    if (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_) {
+    if (this->channel_colors_.has_white()) {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE});
     } else {
       traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
@@ -50,8 +42,7 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->invert_out_ = inverted; }
   void set_num_leds(uint16_t num_leds) { this->num_leds_ = num_leds; }
-  void set_is_rgbw(bool is_rgbw) { this->is_rgbw_ = is_rgbw; }
-  void set_is_wrgb(bool is_wrgb) { this->is_wrgb_ = is_wrgb; }
+  void set_channel_colors(light::ChannelColors channel_colors) { this->channel_colors_ = channel_colors; }
   void set_use_dma(bool use_dma) { this->use_dma_ = use_dma; }
   void set_use_psram(bool use_psram) { this->use_psram_ = use_psram; }
 
@@ -61,7 +52,6 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   void set_led_params(uint32_t bit0_high, uint32_t bit0_low, uint32_t bit1_high, uint32_t bit1_low,
                       uint32_t reset_time_high, uint32_t reset_time_low);
 
-  void set_rgb_order(RGBOrder rgb_order) { this->rgb_order_ = rgb_order; }
   void set_rmt_symbols(uint32_t rmt_symbols) { this->rmt_symbols_ = rmt_symbols; }
 
   void clear_effect_data() override {
@@ -74,7 +64,7 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  protected:
   light::ESPColorView get_view_internal(int32_t index) const override;
 
-  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * (this->is_rgbw_ || this->is_wrgb_ ? 4 : 3); }
+  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * this->channel_colors_.bytes_per_led(); }
 
   uint8_t *buf_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *effect_data_{nullptr};
@@ -89,13 +79,11 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   uint32_t rmt_symbols_{48};
   uint8_t pin_;
   uint16_t num_leds_;
-  bool is_rgbw_{false};
-  bool is_wrgb_{false};
   bool use_dma_{false};
   bool use_psram_{false};
   bool invert_out_{false};
 
-  RGBOrder rgb_order_{ORDER_RGB};
+  light::ChannelColors channel_colors_{0, 1, 2, light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE};
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
   optional<uint32_t> max_refresh_rate_{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
index 1c6943b003..571b7d93b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-import logging
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, light
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB, CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -20,8 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
     CONF_USE_DMA,
 )
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
@@ -31,17 +29,6 @@ ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput = esp32_rmt_led_strip_ns.class_(
     "ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput", light.AddressableLight
 )
 
-RGBOrder = esp32_rmt_led_strip_ns.enum("RGBOrder")
-
-RGB_ORDERS = {
-    "RGB": RGBOrder.ORDER_RGB,
-    "RBG": RGBOrder.ORDER_RBG,
-    "GRB": RGBOrder.ORDER_GRB,
-    "GBR": RGBOrder.ORDER_GBR,
-    "BGR": RGBOrder.ORDER_BGR,
-    "BRG": RGBOrder.ORDER_BRG,
-}
-
 
 @dataclass
 class LEDStripTimings:
@@ -61,7 +48,6 @@ CHIPSETS = {
     "SM16703": LEDStripTimings(300, 900, 900, 300, 0, 0),
 }
 
-CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
 CONF_BIT0_HIGH = "bit0_high"
 CONF_BIT0_LOW = "bit0_low"
 CONF_BIT1_HIGH = "bit1_high"
@@ -80,7 +66,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput),
             cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_NUM_LEDS): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Required(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.enum(RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS): light.validate_channel_colors,
+            # Deprecated in favour of CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, remove in 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.one_of(*light.RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB): cv.boolean,
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
                 esp32=192,
@@ -94,8 +84,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ): cv.int_range(min=2),
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.one_of(*CHIPSETS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_WRGB, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_DMA): cv.All(
                 esp32.only_on_variant(
                     supported=[esp32.VARIANT_ESP32P4, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S3]
@@ -130,10 +118,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_CHIPSET, CONF_BIT0_HIGH),
+    light.migrate_channel_colors(
+        removed_in="2027.3.0", component="esp32_rmt_led_strip"
+    ),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_rmt")
 
@@ -173,9 +164,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
         )
 
-    cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(config[CONF_RGB_ORDER]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_rgbw(config[CONF_IS_RGBW]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_wrgb(config[CONF_IS_WRGB]))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_channel_colors(light.channel_colors_struct(config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]))
+    )
     cg.add(var.set_use_psram(config[CONF_USE_PSRAM]))
     cg.add(var.set_rmt_symbols(config[CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS]))
     if CONF_USE_DMA in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
index 10ad339b12..ede6beb9b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ EFFECTIVE_HIGH_VOLTAGE = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_touch_pad(value):
+def validate_touch_pad(value: Any) -> int:
     value = gpio.gpio_pin_number_validator(value)
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     pads = TOUCH_PADS.get(variant)
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ def validate_touch_pad(value):
     return pads[value]  # Return integer channel ID
 
 
-def validate_variant_vars(config):
+def validate_variant_vars(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     invalid_vars = set()
     if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
@@ -219,8 +222,8 @@ def validate_variant_vars(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_voltage(values):
-    def validator(value):
+def validate_voltage(values: Iterable[str]) -> Callable[[Any], str]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> str:
         if isinstance(value, float) and value.is_integer():
             value = int(value)
         value = cv.string(value)
@@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # New unified touch sensor driver
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_touch_sens")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py
index 75560d71b1..2489c2abc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import ESP32TouchComponent, esp32_touch_ns, validate_touch_pad
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(ESP32TouchBinarySensor).exten
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESP32_TOUCH_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index b658feb76a..63665e7681 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+import platform
 import re
 import subprocess
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -20,12 +22,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     ThreadModel,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import (
+    CORE,
+    CoroPriority,
+    EsphomeError,
+    Lambda,
+    coroutine_with_priority,
+)
 from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
-from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
+from esphome.helpers import IS_MACOS, copy_file_if_changed
+from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS
+from .boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS, board_ld_script
 from .const import (
     CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT,
     CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL,
@@ -34,6 +44,7 @@ from .const import (
     KEY_BOARD,
     KEY_ESP8266,
     KEY_FLASH_SIZE,
+    KEY_LDSCRIPT,
     KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES,
     KEY_SERIAL1_REQUIRED,
     KEY_SERIAL_REQUIRED,
@@ -80,7 +91,7 @@ def lambdas_use_scanf_float(config: ConfigType) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def set_core_data(config):
+def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_ESP8266
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] = "arduino"
@@ -94,7 +105,7 @@ def set_core_data(config):
     return config
 
 
-def get_download_types(storage_json):
+def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     """Binary-download entries for a built ESP8266 firmware.
 
     Used by device-builder (esphome/device-builder), via
@@ -105,6 +116,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     return [
         {
             "title": "Standard format",
@@ -123,7 +137,16 @@ def _format_framework_arduino_version(ver: cv.Version) -> str:
         return f"~1.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
     if ver <= cv.Version(2, 6, 2):
         return f"~2.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
-    return f"~3.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
+    # Same encoding the native toolchain uses for its package download, so a
+    # version bump cannot drift between the two paths.
+    from esphome.arduino8266.framework import framework_package_version
+
+    try:
+        return f"~{framework_package_version(ver)}"
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        # Anchor the 4.x rejection to the framework version line instead of
+        # aborting with a bare traceback-level error
+        raise cv.Invalid(str(err), path=[CONF_VERSION]) from err
 
 
 # NOTE: Keep this in mind when updating the recommended version:
@@ -146,7 +169,7 @@ ARDUINO_3_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(3, 2, 0)
 ARDUINO_4_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(4, 2, 1)
 
 
-def _arduino_check_versions(value):
+def _arduino_check_versions(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
         "dev": (cv.Version(3, 1, 2), "https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino.git"),
@@ -189,7 +212,7 @@ def _arduino_check_versions(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _parse_platform_version(value):
+def _parse_platform_version(value: Any) -> str:
     try:
         # if platform version is a valid version constraint, prefix the default package
         cv.platformio_version_constraint(value)
@@ -202,8 +225,12 @@ ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="recommended"): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION): _parse_platform_version,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_SOURCE, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.string_strict,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): _parse_platform_version,
         }
     ),
     _arduino_check_versions,
@@ -229,12 +256,66 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_SCANF_FLOAT): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
+    # Until the native toolchain lands, PlatformIO is the only backend;
+    # reject a --toolchain this platform cannot serve yet.
+    cv.require_platformio_toolchain("ESP8266"),
     set_core_data,
 )
 
 
+def check_rosetta() -> None:
+    """Fail fast when the x86_64 ESP8266 toolchain cannot run on this Mac.
+
+    There is no native arm64 build of the xtensa-lx106 toolchain; on Apple
+    Silicon it runs under Rosetta 2, which macOS updates can remove.
+    """
+    if not IS_MACOS or platform.machine() != "arm64":
+        return
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["/usr/bin/arch", "-x86_64", "/usr/bin/true"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            close_fds=False,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    except OSError:
+        return  # arch(1) unavailable; let the build proceed
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "ESP8266 builds on Apple Silicon Macs use an Intel (x86_64) "
+            "compiler that requires Rosetta 2, which is not installed on "
+            "this system. Install it with:\n"
+            "  softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license"
+        )
+
+
+def _choose_ld_script(board: str, ver: cv.Version) -> str | None:
+    """The flash ld to pin for this board and core, or None for cores
+    without ld-script support."""
+    board_data = BOARDS[board]
+    ld_scripts = ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS[board_data[KEY_FLASH_SIZE]]
+    if ver <= cv.Version(2, 3, 0):
+        # No ld script support
+        return None
+    if ver <= cv.Version(2, 4, 2):
+        # Old ld script path; the modern per-board override names do not
+        # exist in this core's SDK, so the override cannot be honored.
+        # Substituting the size default would move _FS_end and the
+        # preferences sector, wiping flash-backed state on flash.
+        if KEY_LDSCRIPT in board_data:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Board {board} requires its {board_data[KEY_LDSCRIPT]} "
+                f"flash layout, which Arduino core {ver} cannot honor; "
+                "use a core newer than 2.4.2"
+            )
+        return ld_scripts[0]
+    # A per-board override preserves a layout the board shipped with
+    # (see d1_wroom_02 in boards.py)
+    return board_ld_script(board_data)
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PLATFORM)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(esp8266_ns.setup_preferences())
 
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")
@@ -257,9 +338,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
 
     extra_scripts = [
+        "pre:ccache.py",
         "pre:testing_mode.py",
         "pre:exclude_updater.py",
         "pre:exclude_waveform.py",
+        "pre:relocate_ratetable.py",
     ]
     if not enable_scanf_float:
         extra_scripts.append("pre:remove_float_scanf.py")
@@ -332,6 +415,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         for symbol in ("vprintf", "printf", "fprintf"):
             cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
 
+    # Wrap the lwIP2 glue's do-nothing dhcp_cleanup()/dhcp_release() stubs so the
+    # linker can drop their "STUB: ..." message strings from DRAM.
+    # See lwip_glue_stubs.cpp for implementation.
+    for symbol in ("dhcp_cleanup", "dhcp_release"):
+        cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
+
     # Wrap Arduino's millis() so all callers (including Arduino libraries and ISR
     # handlers) use our fast accumulator instead of the expensive 4x 64-bit multiply
     # implementation in the Arduino ESP8266 core.
@@ -346,17 +435,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     )
 
     if config[CONF_BOARD] in BOARDS:
-        flash_size = BOARDS[config[CONF_BOARD]][KEY_FLASH_SIZE]
-        ld_scripts = ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS[flash_size]
-
-        if ver <= cv.Version(2, 3, 0):
-            # No ld script support
-            ld_script = None
-        elif ver <= cv.Version(2, 4, 2):
-            # Old ld script path
-            ld_script = ld_scripts[0]
-        else:
-            ld_script = ld_scripts[1]
+        ld_script = _choose_ld_script(config[CONF_BOARD], ver)
 
         if ld_script is not None:
             cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.ldscript", ld_script)
@@ -400,31 +479,19 @@ async def finalize_serial_config() -> None:
 # Called by writer.py
 def copy_files() -> None:
     dir = Path(__file__).parent
-    post_build_file = dir / "post_build.py.script"
-    copy_file_if_changed(
-        post_build_file,
-        CORE.relative_build_path("post_build.py"),
-    )
-    testing_mode_file = dir / "testing_mode.py.script"
-    copy_file_if_changed(
-        testing_mode_file,
-        CORE.relative_build_path("testing_mode.py"),
-    )
-    exclude_updater_file = dir / "exclude_updater.py.script"
-    copy_file_if_changed(
-        exclude_updater_file,
-        CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_updater.py"),
-    )
-    exclude_waveform_file = dir / "exclude_waveform.py.script"
-    copy_file_if_changed(
-        exclude_waveform_file,
-        CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_waveform.py"),
-    )
-    remove_float_scanf_file = dir / "remove_float_scanf.py.script"
-    copy_file_if_changed(
-        remove_float_scanf_file,
-        CORE.relative_build_path("remove_float_scanf.py"),
-    )
+    for script in (
+        "post_build",
+        "testing_mode",
+        "exclude_updater",
+        "exclude_waveform",
+        "remove_float_scanf",
+        "relocate_ratetable",
+    ):
+        copy_file_if_changed(
+            dir / f"{script}.py.script",
+            CORE.relative_build_path(f"{script}.py"),
+        )
+    copy_ccache_script()
 
 
 # ESP logs stack trace decoder, based on https://github.com/me-no-dev/EspExceptionDecoder
@@ -467,7 +534,7 @@ ESP8266_EXCEPTION_CODES = {
 }
 
 
-def _decode_pc(config, addr):
+def _decode_pc(config: ConfigType, addr: str) -> None:
     from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
     idedata = toolchain.get_idedata(config)
@@ -488,7 +555,7 @@ def _decode_pc(config, addr):
     _LOGGER.warning("Decoded %s", translation)
 
 
-def _parse_register(config, regex, line):
+def _parse_register(config: ConfigType, regex: re.Pattern[str], line: str) -> None:
     match = regex.match(line)
     if match is not None:
         _decode_pc(config, match.group(1))
@@ -512,7 +579,7 @@ STACKTRACE_BAD_ALLOC_RE = re.compile(
 STACKTRACE_ESP8266_BACKTRACE_PC_RE = re.compile(r"4[0-9a-f]{7}")
 
 
-def process_stacktrace(config, line, backtrace_state):
+def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
     line = line.strip()
     # ESP8266 Exception type
     match = re.match(STACKTRACE_ESP8266_EXCEPTION_TYPE_RE, line)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py
index 02bfa9e662..268c6b50aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/boards.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from .const import KEY_FLASH_SIZE, KEY_LDSCRIPT
+
 FLASH_SIZE_1_MB = 2**20
 FLASH_SIZE_512_KB = FLASH_SIZE_1_MB // 2
 FLASH_SIZE_2_MB = 2 * FLASH_SIZE_1_MB
@@ -164,7 +166,8 @@ ESP8266_BOARD_PINS = {
 }
 
 """
-BOARDS generate with:
+BOARDS generate with (preserve per-board KEY_LDSCRIPT overrides such as
+d1_wroom_02; the recipe emits only name/flash_size):
 
 git clone https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif8266
 for x in platform-espressif8266/boards/*.json; do
@@ -182,6 +185,19 @@ for x in platform-espressif8266/boards/*.json; do
 done | sort
 """
 
+
+def board_ld_script(board_data: dict) -> str:
+    """The modern (core > 2.4.2) flash linker script for a board: its
+    shipped-layout override, else the size default (the no-FS layout).
+
+    Single source of truth for the PlatformIO pinning in __init__ and the
+    native generator's fallback, so the per-board rule cannot drift.
+    """
+    return board_data.get(
+        KEY_LDSCRIPT, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS[board_data[KEY_FLASH_SIZE]][1]
+    )
+
+
 BOARDS = {
     "agruminolemon": {
         "name": "Lifely Agrumino Lemon v4",
@@ -199,6 +215,15 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "WeMos D1 mini Pro",
         "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_16_MB,
     },
+    "d1_wroom_02": {
+        "name": "WeMos D1 ESP-WROOM-02",
+        "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_2_MB,
+        # This board joined BOARDS after shipping with the manifest default
+        # (64 KB filesystem region); the flash-size default (2m.ld) would
+        # move _FS_end and with it the preferences sector, wiping existing
+        # devices' flash-backed state on update.
+        KEY_LDSCRIPT: "eagle.flash.2m64.ld",
+    },
     "d1": {
         "name": "WEMOS D1 R1",
         "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_4_MB,
@@ -360,3 +385,112 @@ BOARDS = {
         "flash_size": FLASH_SIZE_4_MB,
     },
 }
+
+
+# Per-board variant dir + identity defines from platform-espressif8266 4.x
+# build.extra_flags; the shared -DESP8266/-DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 are added
+# by the generator.
+#
+# Regenerate ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD with (v4.2.1 is the platform version the
+# native toolchain mirrors; regenerate against the tag when bumping it):
+#
+# git clone -b v4.2.1 https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif8266
+# python3 - <<'EOF'
+# import json, glob, os
+# for f in sorted(glob.glob("platform-espressif8266/boards/*.json")):
+#     b = json.load(open(f))["build"]
+#     extra = b["extra_flags"]
+#     extra = extra.split() if isinstance(extra, str) else extra
+#     defines = [
+#         e[2:] for e in extra if e not in ("-DESP8266", "-DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266")
+#     ]
+#     entries = ", ".join(f'"{d}"' for d in defines) + ("," if len(defines) == 1 else "")
+#     board = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(f))[0]
+#     print(f'    "{board}": {{"variant": "{b["variant"]}", "defines": ({entries})}},')
+# EOF
+ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD = {
+    "agruminolemon": {
+        "variant": "agruminolemonv4",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_AGRUMINO_LEMON_V4",),
+    },
+    "d1": {"variant": "d1", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1R1",)},
+    "d1_mini": {"variant": "d1_mini", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI",)},
+    "d1_mini_lite": {
+        "variant": "d1_mini",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINILITE",),
+    },
+    "d1_mini_pro": {
+        "variant": "d1_mini",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINIPRO",),
+    },
+    "d1_wroom_02": {
+        "variant": "d1_mini",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1WROOM02",),
+    },
+    "eduinowifi": {
+        "variant": "eduinowifi",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SCHIRMILABS_EDUINO_WIFI",),
+    },
+    "esp01": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01",)},
+    "esp01_1m": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01",)},
+    "esp07": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP07",)},
+    "esp07s": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP07",)},
+    "esp12e": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP12",)},
+    "esp210": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP210",)},
+    "esp8285": {"variant": "esp8285", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01",)},
+    "esp_wroom_02": {
+        "variant": "nodemcu",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP_WROOM_02",),
+    },
+    "espduino": {"variant": "ESPDuino", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP13",)},
+    "espectro": {"variant": "espectro", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESPECTRO_CORE",)},
+    "espino": {"variant": "espino", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP12",)},
+    "espinotee": {"variant": "espinotee", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP13",)},
+    "espmxdevkit": {
+        "variant": "esp8285",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP01", "LED_BUILTIN=16"),
+    },
+    "espresso_lite_v1": {
+        "variant": "espresso_lite_v1",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESPRESSO_LITE_V1",),
+    },
+    "espresso_lite_v2": {
+        "variant": "espresso_lite_v2",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESPRESSO_LITE_V2",),
+    },
+    "gen4iod": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_GEN4_IOD",)},
+    "heltec_wifi_kit_8": {
+        "variant": "wifi_kit_8",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_wifi_kit_8",),
+    },
+    "huzzah": {"variant": "adafruit", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ADAFRUIT_HUZZAH",)},
+    "inventone": {"variant": "inventone", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_INVENT_ONE",)},
+    "modwifi": {"variant": "generic", "defines": ("ARDUINO_MOD_WIFI_ESP8266",)},
+    "nodemcu": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_NODEMCU",)},
+    "nodemcuv2": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_NODEMCU_ESP12E",)},
+    "oak": {"variant": "oak", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_OAK",)},
+    "phoenix_v1": {
+        "variant": "phoenix_v1",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_PHOENIX_V1",),
+    },
+    "phoenix_v2": {
+        "variant": "phoenix_v2",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_PHOENIX_V2",),
+    },
+    "sonoff_basic": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_BASIC",)},
+    "sonoff_s20": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_S20",)},
+    "sonoff_sv": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_SV",)},
+    "sonoff_th": {"variant": "itead", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_SONOFF_TH",)},
+    "sparkfunBlynk": {"variant": "thing", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_THING",)},
+    "thing": {"variant": "thing", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_THING",)},
+    "thingdev": {"variant": "thing", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_THING_DEV",)},
+    "wifi_slot": {"variant": "wifi_slot", "defines": ("ARDUINO_AMPERKA_WIFI_SLOT",)},
+    "wifiduino": {"variant": "wifiduino", "defines": ("ARDUINO_WIFIDUINO_ESP8266",)},
+    "wifinfo": {"variant": "wifinfo", "defines": ("ARDUINO_WIFINFO",)},
+    "wio_link": {"variant": "wiolink", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_WIO_LINK",)},
+    "wio_node": {"variant": "nodemcu", "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_ESP_WROOM_02",)},
+    "xinabox_cw01": {
+        "variant": "xinabox",
+        "defines": ("ARDUINO_ESP8266_XINABOX_CW01",),
+    },
+}
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/build_surgery.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/build_surgery.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb6ed1b91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/build_surgery.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Linker-script surgery shared with the native (PlatformIO-free) toolchain.
+
+These mirror the PlatformIO extra scripts in this directory
+(``relocate_ratetable.py.script`` and ``testing_mode.py.script``), which run
+inside SCons and must stay self-contained. The native build generator applies
+the same patches to the linker scripts it generates, so the logic lives here
+as plain functions. Keep both in sync when changing either.
+``segment_length`` is native-toolchain-only and has no script twin.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Collection
+import hashlib
+import re
+
+# Move the NONOS SDK wifi rate tables from flash to DRAM; see
+# relocate_ratetable.py.script for the full background (NONOS SDK issue 320).
+RATETABLE_RULE = "*libnet80211.a:ieee80211_phy.o(.irom.text .irom.text.*)"
+_RATETABLE_COMMENT = (
+    "/* ESPHome: wifi rate tables must live in DRAM, see NONOS SDK issue 320 */"
+)
+# Match the whole line: "_data_start" is also a substring of the
+# "_dport0_data_start" line in the earlier .dport0.data section
+_RATETABLE_ANCHOR = re.compile(r"^\s*_data_start = ABSOLUTE\(\.\);", re.MULTILINE)
+
+# Memory sizes for testing mode (allow larger builds for CI component grouping)
+TESTING_IRAM_SIZE = "0x200000"  # 2MB
+TESTING_DRAM_SIZE = "0x200000"  # 2MB
+TESTING_FLASH_SIZE = "0x2000000"  # 32MB
+
+
+def relocate_ratetable(content: str) -> str:
+    """Insert the rate-table DRAM rule into a generated common linker script."""
+    if RATETABLE_RULE in content:
+        return content
+    match = _RATETABLE_ANCHOR.search(content)
+    if match is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "'_data_start' anchor not found in the generated linker script; "
+            "cannot apply wifi rate table DRAM relocation "
+            "(has the Arduino core linker script changed?)"
+        )
+    insert_pos = match.end()
+    return (
+        content[:insert_pos]
+        + f"\n    {_RATETABLE_COMMENT}"
+        + f"\n    {RATETABLE_RULE}"
+        + content[insert_pos:]
+    )
+
+
+_TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES = {
+    "iram1_0_seg": TESTING_IRAM_SIZE,
+    "dram0_0_seg": TESTING_DRAM_SIZE,
+    "irom0_0_seg": TESTING_FLASH_SIZE,
+}
+
+
+def _segment_line_re(segment_name: str) -> re.Pattern[str]:
+    """The MEMORY line for one segment: ``<seg> : org = 0x..., len = 0x...``.
+
+    Anchored to the start of the line so a name never matches inside a
+    longer one (``ram0_0_seg`` must not read ``dram0_0_seg``). The size
+    group stops at the hex digits, leaving any ``ul`` suffix (from the
+    preprocessed ``MMU_IRAM_SIZE``) in place.
+    """
+    return re.compile(
+        rf"(^[ \t]*{re.escape(segment_name)}"
+        r"\s*:\s*org\s*=\s*0x[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*,\s*len\s*=\s*)"
+        r"(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)",
+        re.MULTILINE,
+    )
+
+
+def apply_testing_memory_patches(content: str, segments: Collection[str]) -> str:
+    """Enlarge the named memory segments so grouped CI test builds can link.
+
+    Each caller passes the segments its linker script defines: the
+    generated common ld carries ``iram1_0_seg``; the flash ld carries
+    ``dram0_0_seg`` and ``irom0_0_seg``. A segment that fails to match
+    raises, since a silently kept real memory limit would fail grouped
+    builds far from the cause.
+    """
+    for segment in _TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES:
+        if segment not in segments and _segment_line_re(segment).search(content):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Testing-mode segment {segment} is present in the linker "
+                "script but was not selected for patching"
+            )
+    for segment in segments:
+        if segment not in _TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown testing-mode segment {segment!r}")
+        content, count = _segment_line_re(segment).subn(
+            rf"\g<1>{_TESTING_SEGMENT_SIZES[segment]}", content
+        )
+        if count == 0:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Testing-mode memory patch failed: segment {segment} "
+                "not found (has the Arduino core linker script changed?)"
+            )
+    return content
+
+
+def segment_length(content: str, segment_name: str) -> int | None:
+    """Read a memory segment's length from linker script content.
+
+    Returns None for an absent segment OR an unparsable line; callers must
+    treat None as "no usable budget" and warn (as the Flash summary does),
+    never as "no limit".
+    """
+    match = _segment_line_re(segment_name).search(content)
+    return int(match.group(2), 16) if match else None
+
+
+def surgery_fingerprint() -> str:
+    """Hash of this module's source; linker-script caches include it so an
+    edit here invalidates them."""
+    import inspect
+    import sys
+
+    source = inspect.getsource(sys.modules[__name__])
+    return hashlib.sha256(source.encode()).hexdigest()
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
index 229ac61f24..50f103ed2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+# Re-exported from the shared definition; here it indexes the BOARDS
+# metadata dicts, whose entries in boards.py spell the literal.
+from esphome.const import KEY_FLASH_SIZE  # noqa: F401  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
 KEY_ESP8266 = "esp8266"
@@ -8,10 +12,14 @@ CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH = "restore_from_flash"
 CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT = "early_pin_init"
 CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL = "enable_serial"
 CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1 = "enable_serial1"
-KEY_FLASH_SIZE = "flash_size"
 KEY_WAVEFORM_REQUIRED = "waveform_required"
 KEY_SERIAL_REQUIRED = "serial_required"
 KEY_SERIAL1_REQUIRED = "serial1_required"
+# Set for the native (non-PlatformIO) toolchain's build generator
+KEY_FLASH_MODE = "flash_mode"
+KEY_SCANF_FLOAT = "scanf_float"
+# Per-board flash-layout override consumed by board_ld_script()
+KEY_LDSCRIPT = "ldscript"
 
 # esp8266 namespace is already defined by arduino, manually prefix esphome
 esp8266_ns = cg.global_ns.namespace("esphome").namespace("esp8266")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
index 91b0cf9082..dc79043f21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,6 @@ static const LogString *get_exception_cause(uint32_t cause) {
 }
 
 static const LogString *get_reset_reason(uint32_t reason) {
-  if (reason == REASON_WDT_RST)
-    return LOG_STR("Hardware WDT");
   if (reason == REASON_EXCEPTION_RST)
     return LOG_STR("Exception");
   if (reason == REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST)
@@ -162,13 +160,20 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
   if (!is_crash_reason(resetInfo.reason))
     return;
 
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
+  if (resetInfo.reason == REASON_WDT_RST) {
+    // A hardware WDT reset happens entirely in hardware: the postmortem hook
+    // never runs, so rst_info epc1/exccause and the RTC backtrace are
+    // leftovers from an earlier crash. Don't misattribute them (#18596).
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: Hardware WDT (no crash state is recorded for hardware WDT resets)");
+    return;
+  }
+
   // Read and filter backtrace from RTC into stack-local buffer (no persistent RAM cost).
   // Both resetInfo and RTC data survive until the next reset, so this can be
   // called multiple times (logger init + API subscribe) with the same result.
   uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
   uint8_t bt_count = read_rtc_backtrace(backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE);
-
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
   // GCC's ROM divide routine triggers IllegalInstruction (exccause=0) at specific
   // ROM addresses instead of IntegerDivideByZero (exccause=6). Patch to match
   // the Arduino core's postmortem handler behavior.
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
index 64be4a6495..356af6e006 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
 from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_ESP8266, KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES, esp8266_ns
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 ESP8266GPIOPin = esp8266_ns.class_("ESP8266GPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
 
 
-def _lookup_pin(value):
+def _lookup_pin(value: str) -> int:
     board = CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266][KEY_BOARD]
     board_pins = boards.ESP8266_BOARD_PINS.get(board, {})
 
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ def _lookup_pin(value):
     raise cv.Invalid(f"Cannot resolve pin name '{value}' for board {board}.")
 
 
-def _translate_pin(value):
+def _translate_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ _ESP_SDIO_PINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def validate_gpio_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     value = _translate_pin(value)
     if value < 0 or value > 17:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"ESP8266: Invalid pin number: {value}")
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ def validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_supports(value):
+def validate_supports(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ class PinInitialState:
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(PLATFORM_ESP8266, ESP8266_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config):
+async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = config[CONF_MODE]
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WORKAROUNDS)
-async def add_pin_initial_states_array():
+async def add_pin_initial_states_array() -> None:
     # Add includes at the very end, so that they override everything
     initial_states: list[PinInitialState] = CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266][
         KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp
index aadfc31197..2e0a00325c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 uint32_t random_uint32() { return os_random(); }
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return os_get_random(data, len) == 0; }
 
-// ESP8266 Mutex is defined inline as a no-op in helpers.h when USE_ESP8266 (or USE_RP2040) is set,
+// ESP8266 Mutex is defined inline as a no-op in helpers.h when USE_ESP8266 (or USE_RP2) is set,
 // independent of the ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE thread model define.
 
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::InterruptLock() { state_ = xt_rsil(15); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/lwip_glue_stubs.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/lwip_glue_stubs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a86c8d75a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/lwip_glue_stubs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Linker wrap stubs for the lwIP2 glue's dead DHCP entry points.
+ *
+ * The ESP8266 SDK blobs call dhcp_cleanup() and dhcp_release() when the
+ * station leaves an access point (cnx_sta_leave, wifi_station_dhcpc_stop).
+ * In the prebuilt lwIP2 glue (liblwip2-*.a, glue-esp/lwip-esp.c) these are
+ * stubs whose only effect is printing "STUB: dhcp_cleanup" and
+ * "STUB: dhcp_release"; the real DHCP teardown happens through lwIP2's
+ * renamed dhcp_cleanup_LWIP2()/dhcp_release_LWIP2() functions.
+ *
+ * On ESP8266 .rodata lives in DRAM, so those message strings waste scarce
+ * RAM. Wrapping the stubs with silent equivalents lets the linker garbage
+ * collect the glue stub bodies together with their strings.
+ *
+ * Saves 38 bytes of RAM and removes the "STUB:" log noise on Wi-Fi
+ * disconnect. Behavior is otherwise unchanged.
+ */
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266)
+
+namespace esphome::esp8266 {}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+extern "C" {
+
+// The callers are closed-source SDK blobs; the netif argument is unused.
+void __wrap_dhcp_cleanup(void * /*netif*/) {}
+
+// The glue stub returns ERR_ABRT (-8; lwIP 1.4 err_t is a signed char).
+signed char __wrap_dhcp_release(void * /*netif*/) { return -8; }
+
+}  // extern "C"
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
index 696f83bce1..d954ae4a0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences_rtc.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
 
@@ -80,16 +81,6 @@ static uint32_t get_esp8266_flash_sector() {
 }
 static uint32_t get_esp8266_flash_address() { return get_esp8266_flash_sector() * SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE; }
 
-static inline size_t bytes_to_words(size_t bytes) { return (bytes + 3) / 4; }
-
-template<class It> uint32_t calculate_crc(It first, It last, uint32_t type) {
-  uint32_t crc = type;
-  while (first != last) {
-    crc ^= (*first++ * 2654435769UL) >> 1;
-  }
-  return crc;
-}
-
 static bool save_to_flash(size_t offset, const uint32_t *data, size_t len) {
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
     uint32_t j = offset + i;
@@ -137,21 +128,19 @@ static constexpr size_t PREF_MAX_BUFFER_WORDS =
     ESP8266_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE > RTC_NORMAL_REGION_WORDS ? ESP8266_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE : RTC_NORMAL_REGION_WORDS;
 
 bool ESP8266PreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  if (bytes_to_words(len) != this->length_words)
+  if (rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(len) != this->length_words)
     return false;
   const size_t buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(this->length_words) + 1;
   if (buffer_size > PREF_MAX_BUFFER_WORDS)
     return false;
   uint32_t buffer[PREF_MAX_BUFFER_WORDS];
-  memset(buffer, 0, buffer_size * sizeof(uint32_t));
-  memcpy(buffer, data, len);
-  buffer[this->length_words] = calculate_crc(buffer, buffer + this->length_words, this->type);
+  rtc_pref_encode(buffer, this->type, this->length_words, data, len);
   return this->in_flash ? save_to_flash(this->offset, buffer, buffer_size)
                         : save_to_rtc(this->offset, buffer, buffer_size);
 }
 
 bool ESP8266PreferenceBackend::load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  if (bytes_to_words(len) != this->length_words)
+  if (rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(len) != this->length_words)
     return false;
   const size_t buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(this->length_words) + 1;
   if (buffer_size > PREF_MAX_BUFFER_WORDS)
@@ -161,10 +150,7 @@ bool ESP8266PreferenceBackend::load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
                             : load_from_rtc(this->offset, buffer, buffer_size);
   if (!ret)
     return false;
-  if (buffer[this->length_words] != calculate_crc(buffer, buffer + this->length_words, this->type))
-    return false;
-  memcpy(data, buffer, len);
-  return true;
+  return rtc_pref_decode(buffer, this->type, this->length_words, data, len);
 }
 
 void ESP8266Preferences::setup() {
@@ -177,13 +163,13 @@ void ESP8266Preferences::setup() {
 }
 
 ESPPreferenceObject ESP8266Preferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type, bool in_flash) {
-  const uint32_t length_words = bytes_to_words(length);
+  const uint32_t length_words = rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(length);
   if (length_words > MAX_PREFERENCE_WORDS) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Preference too large: %u words", static_cast<unsigned int>(length_words));
     return {};
   }
 
-  const uint32_t total_words = length_words + 1;  // +1 for CRC
+  const uint32_t total_words = length_words + 1;  // +1 for checksum
   uint16_t offset;
 
   if (in_flash) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/relocate_ratetable.py.script b/esphome/components/esp8266/relocate_ratetable.py.script
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9d0ba166d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/relocate_ratetable.py.script
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+# Move the NONOS SDK wifi rate tables from flash to DRAM
+#
+# libnet80211.a ships its 802.11b/11g rate tables in the .irom.text section
+# of ieee80211_phy.o (440 bytes of pure data, no relocations). The Arduino
+# core linker script places .irom.text in flash, but the SDK reads these
+# tables with byte loads and ets_memcpy from the wifi RX path while parsing
+# beacons. Byte access to flash-mapped memory from that context misbehaves
+# and crashes with StoreProhibited in ROM memcpy (PC 0x4000df64):
+#
+#   scan_parse_beacon -> cnx_update_bss_more -> ieee80211_phy_init
+#     -> ieee80211_setup_ratetable -> ets_memcpy -> crash
+#
+# See https://github.com/espressif/ESP8266_NONOS_SDK/issues/320 (1000+
+# reports). The SDK is abandoned so the fix from
+# https://github.com/espressif/ESP8266_NONOS_SDK/pull/345 was never merged;
+# we apply the same linker rule here: place ieee80211_phy.o's .irom.text
+# inside the DRAM .data output section so the tables are copied to RAM at
+# boot. Costs 440 bytes of DRAM.
+#
+# The rule is inserted into the working linker script that PlatformIO
+# generates in the build directory (local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld). SDK
+# package files are never modified.
+
+import re
+from os.path import join
+
+RULE = "*libnet80211.a:ieee80211_phy.o(.irom.text .irom.text.*)"
+# Match the whole line: "_data_start" is also a substring of the
+# "_dport0_data_start" line in the earlier .dport0.data section
+ANCHOR = re.compile(r"^\s*_data_start = ABSOLUTE\(\.\);", re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+def relocate_ratetable(source, target, env):
+    """Insert the rate table DRAM rule into the generated linker script.
+
+    Runs as a pre-action of the link step; the linker script is a declared
+    dependency of the elf, so it has already been generated at this point.
+    """
+    ld_path = join(env.subst("$BUILD_DIR"), "ld", "local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld")
+    with open(ld_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        contents = f.read()
+
+    if RULE in contents:
+        return  # Already patched (incremental build)
+
+    match = ANCHOR.search(contents)
+    if match is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"ESPHome: '_data_start' anchor not found in {ld_path}; "
+            "cannot apply wifi rate table DRAM relocation "
+            "(has the Arduino core linker script changed?)"
+        )
+
+    insert_pos = match.end()
+    patched = (
+        contents[:insert_pos]
+        + "\n    /* ESPHome: wifi rate tables must live in DRAM, see NONOS SDK issue 320 */"
+        + f"\n    {RULE}"
+        + contents[insert_pos:]
+    )
+    with open(ld_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(patched)
+    print("ESPHome: Relocated wifi rate tables to DRAM (fixes beacon parse crash)")
+
+
+# Register the callback to run before the link step
+env.AddPreAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf", relocate_ratetable)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
index f119a6ba9f..dd151a3e04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ from esphome.components import output
 from esphome.components.esp8266.const import require_waveform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp8266"]
 
 
-def valid_pwm_pin(value):
+def valid_pwm_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     cv.one_of(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)(num)
     return value
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     require_waveform()
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -59,7 +62,12 @@ async def to_code(config) -> None:
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
index a489651b59..46810d422d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.automation import Action, register_action
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32P4, only_on_variant
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_PASSTHROUGH = "passthrough"
 adjusted_ids = set()
 
 
-def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
+def validate_ldo_voltage(value: Any) -> str | float:
     if isinstance(value, str) and value.lower() == CONF_PASSTHROUGH:
         return CONF_PASSTHROUGH
     value = cv.voltage(value)
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
     )
 
 
-def validate_ldo_config(config):
+def validate_ldo_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     channel = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
     allow_internal = config[CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL]
     if allow_internal and channel not in CHANNELS_INTERNAL:
@@ -77,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(configs):
+async def to_code(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for config in configs:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_CHANNEL])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ async def to_code(configs):
         cg.add(var.set_adjustable(config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]))
 
 
-def final_validate(configs):
+def final_validate(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for channel in CHANNELS:
         used = [config for config in configs if config[CONF_CHANNEL] == channel]
         if len(used) > 1:
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ def final_validate(configs):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
+def adjusted_ldo_id(value: Any) -> ID:
     value = cv.use_id(EspLdo)(value)
     adjusted_ids.add(value)
     return value
@@ -131,7 +136,12 @@ def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VOLTAGE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
index 66a33e1935..3ef4c7ba13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ esphome = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esphome")
 ESPHomeOTAComponent = esphome.class_("ESPHomeOTAComponent", OTAComponent)
 
 
-def ota_esphome_final_validate(config):
+def ota_esphome_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_conf = fv.full_config.get()
     full_ota_conf = full_conf[CONF_OTA]
     new_ota_conf = []
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_PORT,
                 esp8266=8266,
                 esp32=3232,
-                rp2040=2040,
+                rp2=2040,
                 bk72xx=8892,
                 ln882x=8820,
                 rtl87xx=8892,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
index fb0cc2e56d..74f84b71fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h"
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
@@ -94,11 +94,12 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void ESPHomeOTAComponent::dump_config() {
+  char addr_buf[network::USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Over-The-Air updates:\n"
                 "  Address: %s:%u\n"
                 "  Version: %d",
-                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, USE_OTA_VERSION);
+                network::get_use_address_to(addr_buf), this->port_, USE_OTA_VERSION);
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PASSWORD
   if (!this->password_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Password configured");
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_STARTED, 0.0f, 0);
 #endif
 
-  // begin() may block for a few seconds while it locks flash.
+  // begin() returns quickly; flash sectors are erased incrementally during write().
   error_code = this->backend_->begin(ota_size, ota_type);
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK)
     goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
@@ -587,8 +588,6 @@ bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::writeall_(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 float ESPHomeOTAComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
-uint16_t ESPHomeOTAComponent::get_port() const { return this->port_; }
-void ESPHomeOTAComponent::set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
 
 void ESPHomeOTAComponent::log_socket_error_(const LogString *msg) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket %s: errno %d", LOG_STR_ARG(msg), errno);
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
index 0053ca6969..979e3f2d7d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 
   /// Manually set the port OTA should listen on
-  void set_port(uint16_t port);
+  void set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
   void loop() override;
 
-  uint16_t get_port() const;
+  uint16_t get_port() const { return this->port_; }
 
  protected:
   void handle_handshake_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py b/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
index 13f278d3bc..ee3732c406 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, core
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import wifi
@@ -13,7 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_WIFI,
 )
-from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ DeletePeerAction = espnow_ns.class_("DeletePeerAction", automation.Action)
 ESPNowHandlerTrigger = automation.Trigger.template(
     ESPNowRecvInfoConstRef,
     cg.uint8.operator("const").operator("ptr"),
-    cg.uint8,
+    cg.uint16,
 )
 
 OnUnknownPeerTrigger = espnow_ns.class_(
@@ -56,6 +59,20 @@ OnBroadcastTrigger = espnow_ns.class_(
 
 
 CONF_AUTO_ADD_PEER = "auto_add_peer"
+CONF_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE = "max_payload_size"
+
+# Payload limits of ESP-NOW v1 and v2 frames. The radio negotiates the
+# protocol version per peer on its own; the option only sizes this device's
+# packet buffers, whose static RAM cost is proportional to it (~8 KB at 250
+# bytes, ~44 KB at 1470).
+ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V1 = 250
+ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V2 = 1470
+
+# Config-time cap for action payloads. The per-device limit is the
+# ``max_payload_size`` option, which the action schema cannot see; send()
+# enforces it at runtime.
+MAX_ESPNOW_PACKET_SIZE = ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V2
+
 CONF_PEERS = "peers"
 CONF_ON_SENT = "on_sent"
 CONF_ON_UNKNOWN_PEER = "on_unknown_peer"
@@ -63,10 +80,18 @@ CONF_ON_BROADCAST = "on_broadcast"
 CONF_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR = "continue_on_error"
 CONF_WAIT_FOR_SENT = "wait_for_sent"
 
-MAX_ESPNOW_PACKET_SIZE = 250  # Maximum size of the payload in bytes
+
+def _validate_max_payload_size(value: Any) -> int:
+    if value > ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V1:
+        return cv.require_framework_version(
+            esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 4, 0),
+            esp32_arduino=cv.Version(3, 2, 0),
+            extra_message="ESP-NOW v2 frames need an ESP-NOW v2 capable framework",
+        )(value)
+    return value
 
 
-def validate_channel(value):
+def validate_channel(value: Any) -> int:
     if value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid("channel is required if wifi is not configured")
     return wifi.validate_channel(value)
@@ -78,6 +103,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ESPNowComponent),
             cv.OnlyWithout(CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_WIFI): validate_channel,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE, default=ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V1): cv.All(
+                cv.int_range(min=1, max=ESPNOW_PAYLOAD_V2), _validate_max_payload_size
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_ADD_PEER, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_PEERS): cv.ensure_list(cv.mac_address),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_UNKNOWN_PEER): automation.validate_automation(
@@ -104,7 +132,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def _trigger_to_code(config):
+async def _trigger_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     if address := config.get(CONF_ADDRESS):
         address = address.parts
     trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], address)
@@ -113,18 +141,23 @@ async def _trigger_to_code(config):
         [
             (ESPNowRecvInfoConstRef, "info"),
             (cg.uint8.operator("const").operator("ptr"), "data"),
-            (cg.uint8, "size"),
+            (cg.uint16, "size"),
         ],
         config,
     )
     return trigger
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPNOW")
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESPNOW_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE", config[CONF_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE])
+
+    if CONF_WIFI in CORE.config:
+        # Track the Wi-Fi channel via connect events instead of polling every loop
+        wifi.request_wifi_connect_state_listener()
     if wifi_channel := config.get(CONF_CHANNEL):
         cg.add(var.set_wifi_channel(wifi_channel))
 
@@ -150,13 +183,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
 # ========================================== A C T I O N S ================================================
 
 
-def validate_peer(value):
+def validate_peer(value: Any) -> Any:
     if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
         return cv.returning_lambda(value)
     return cv.mac_address(value)
 
 
-def _validate_raw_data(value):
+def _validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> str | list:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         if len(value) > MAX_ESPNOW_PACKET_SIZE:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -174,7 +207,9 @@ def _validate_raw_data(value):
     )
 
 
-async def register_peer(var, config, args):
+async def register_peer(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, args: TemplateArgsType
+) -> None:
     peer = config[CONF_ADDRESS]
     if isinstance(peer, core.MACAddress):
         peer = [HexInt(p) for p in peer.parts]
@@ -201,7 +236,7 @@ SEND_SCHEMA = PEER_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_send_action(config):
+def _validate_send_action(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not config[CONF_WAIT_FOR_SENT] and not config[CONF_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR}' cannot be false if '{CONF_WAIT_FOR_SENT}' is false as the automation will not wait for the failed result.",
@@ -237,7 +272,7 @@ async def send_action(
     action_id: core.ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: list[tuple],
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -286,7 +321,7 @@ async def peer_action(
     action_id: core.ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: list[tuple],
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     await register_peer(var, config, args)
@@ -311,7 +346,7 @@ async def channel_action(
     action_id: core.ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: list[tuple],
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_CHANNEL], args, cg.uint8)
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h b/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h
index 5e995aff53..e4d01bb1a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetChannelAction final : public Action<Ts...>, pu
   }
 };
 
-class OnReceiveTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint8_t>,
+class OnReceiveTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint16_t>,
                                public ESPNowReceivedPacketHandler {
  public:
   explicit OnReceiveTrigger(std::array<uint8_t, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN> address) : has_address_(true) {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class OnReceiveTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint
 
   explicit OnReceiveTrigger() {}
 
-  bool on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override {
+  bool on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) override {
     bool match = !this->has_address_ || (memcmp(this->address_, info.src_addr, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0);
     if (!match)
       return false;
@@ -141,15 +141,15 @@ class OnReceiveTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint
   bool has_address_{false};
   uint8_t address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN]{};
 };
-class OnUnknownPeerTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint8_t>,
+class OnUnknownPeerTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint16_t>,
                                    public ESPNowUnknownPeerHandler {
  public:
-  bool on_unknown_peer(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override {
+  bool on_unknown_peer(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) override {
     this->trigger(info, data, size);
     return false;  // Return false to continue processing other internal handlers
   }
 };
-class OnBroadcastTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint8_t>,
+class OnBroadcastTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint16_t>,
                                  public ESPNowBroadcastHandler {
  public:
   explicit OnBroadcastTrigger(std::array<uint8_t, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN> address) : has_address_(true) {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class OnBroadcastTrigger final : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const ui
   }
   explicit OnBroadcastTrigger() {}
 
-  bool on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override {
+  bool on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) override {
     bool match = !this->has_address_ || (memcmp(this->address_, info.src_addr, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0);
     if (!match)
       return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
index 91f2c067ca..ecf0f79e4a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 #include "espnow_err.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ void on_send_report(const uint8_t *mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status)
   if (packet == nullptr) {
     // No events available - queue is full or we're out of memory
     global_esp_now->receive_packet_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    global_esp_now->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
     return;
   }
 
@@ -89,17 +90,18 @@ void on_send_report(const uint8_t *mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status)
   // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
   // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
 
-  // Wake main loop immediately to process ESP-NOW send event
-  App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+  // Re-enable and wake the main loop to process the ESP-NOW send event
+  global_esp_now->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
 }
 
 void on_data_received(const esp_now_recv_info_t *info, const uint8_t *data, int size) {
   // Drop oversized frames before copying. ESP-NOW v2 peers (IDF >= 5.4 builds a
   // v2 stack with no opt-out) can send up to ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN_V2 (1470 B),
-  // but our receive buffer is ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN (250 B); copying a larger
-  // frame would overflow packet_.receive.data.
-  if (size < 0 || size > ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+  // but the receive buffer only fits v2 frames with ``max_payload_size``; copying a
+  // larger frame would overflow packet_.receive.data.
+  if (size < 0 || size > ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
     global_esp_now->receive_packet_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    global_esp_now->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
     return;
   }
 
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ void on_data_received(const esp_now_recv_info_t *info, const uint8_t *data, int
   if (packet == nullptr) {
     // No events available - queue is full or we're out of memory
     global_esp_now->receive_packet_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    global_esp_now->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
     return;
   }
 
@@ -119,21 +122,24 @@ void on_data_received(const esp_now_recv_info_t *info, const uint8_t *data, int
   // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
   // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
 
-  // Wake main loop immediately to process ESP-NOW receive event
-  App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+  // Re-enable and wake the main loop to process the ESP-NOW receive event
+  global_esp_now->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
 }
 
 ESPNowComponent::ESPNowComponent() { global_esp_now = this; }
 
 void ESPNowComponent::dump_config() {
-  uint32_t version = 0;
-  esp_now_get_version(&version);
-
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "espnow:");
-  if (this->is_disabled()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Disabled");
+  // Only report driver details once enabled; with enable_on_boot: false the
+  // Wi-Fi driver is not initialized yet and esp_now_get_version() would crash,
+  // and after a failed enable_() the values would be meaningless.
+  if (this->state_ != ESPNOW_STATE_ENABLED) {
+    // OFF here means enable_() failed; the core logs the FAILED marker separately
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  %s", this->is_disabled() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Disabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Not enabled"));
     return;
   }
+  uint32_t version = 0;
+  esp_now_get_version(&version);
   char own_addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_upper(this->own_address_, own_addr_buf);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
@@ -155,6 +161,11 @@ bool ESPNowComponent::is_wifi_enabled() {
 }
 
 void ESPNowComponent::setup() {
+#if defined(USE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS)
+  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr) {
+    wifi::global_wifi_component->add_connect_state_listener(this);
+  }
+#endif
   if (this->enable_on_boot_) {
     this->enable_();
   } else {
@@ -162,6 +173,19 @@ void ESPNowComponent::setup() {
   }
 }
 
+#if defined(USE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS)
+void ESPNowComponent::on_wifi_connect_state(StringRef ssid, std::span<const uint8_t, 6> bssid) {
+  if (ssid.empty()) {
+    return;  // Disconnected; the channel is only meaningful while associated
+  }
+  uint8_t old_channel = this->wifi_channel_;
+  this->get_wifi_channel();
+  if (this->wifi_channel_ != old_channel) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WiFi channel changed from %d to %d", old_channel, this->wifi_channel_);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 void ESPNowComponent::enable() {
   if (this->state_ == ESPNOW_STATE_ENABLED)
     return;
@@ -253,15 +277,6 @@ void ESPNowComponent::apply_wifi_channel() {
 }
 
 void ESPNowComponent::loop() {
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
-  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr && wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected()) {
-    int32_t new_channel = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_wifi_channel();
-    if (new_channel != this->wifi_channel_) {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Wifi Channel is changed from %d to %" PRId32 ".", this->wifi_channel_, new_channel);
-      this->wifi_channel_ = new_channel;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
   // Process received packets
   ESPNowPacket *packet = this->receive_packet_queue_.pop();
   while (packet != nullptr) {
@@ -285,11 +300,14 @@ void ESPNowComponent::loop() {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
           char src_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
           char dst_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+          // Cap the hex dump at a v1 frame: a full v2 frame would need a
+          // ~4.4 KB stack buffer.
           char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN)];
           format_mac_addr_upper(info.src_addr, src_buf);
           format_mac_addr_upper(info.des_addr, dst_buf);
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<<< [%s -> %s] %s", src_buf, dst_buf,
-                   format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, packet->packet_.receive.data, packet->packet_.receive.size));
+                   format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, packet->packet_.receive.data,
+                                        std::min<uint16_t>(packet->packet_.receive.size, ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN)));
 #endif
           if (memcmp(info.des_addr, ESPNOW_BROADCAST_ADDR, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0) {
             for (auto *handler : this->broadcast_handlers_) {
@@ -344,6 +362,15 @@ void ESPNowComponent::loop() {
   if (send_dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u send packets (queue full)", send_dropped);
   }
+
+  // Nothing left to do; sleep until a callback or send() re-enables the loop.
+  // A packet in flight (current_send_packet_) needs no loop time even when more
+  // packets are queued behind it: the send callback re-enables the loop when
+  // the result arrives, and the SENT event handler above starts the next send.
+  if (this->receive_packet_queue_.empty() &&
+      (this->current_send_packet_ != nullptr || this->send_packet_queue_.empty())) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 uint8_t ESPNowComponent::get_wifi_channel() {
@@ -362,7 +389,7 @@ esp_err_t ESPNowComponent::send(const uint8_t *peer_address, const uint8_t *payl
     return ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_PEER_NOT_SET;
   } else if (memcmp(peer_address, this->own_address_, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0) {
     return ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_OWN_ADDRESS;
-  } else if (size > ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+  } else if (size > ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
     return ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_DATA_SIZE;
   } else if (!esp_now_is_peer_exist(peer_address)) {
     if (memcmp(peer_address, ESPNOW_BROADCAST_ADDR, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0 || this->auto_add_peer_) {
@@ -386,6 +413,9 @@ esp_err_t ESPNowComponent::send(const uint8_t *peer_address, const uint8_t *payl
   packet->load_data(peer_address, payload, size, callback);
   // Push the packet to the send queue
   this->send_packet_queue_.push(packet);
+  // Loop may be disabled while idle; re-enable it to send the packet
+  // (any-context variant so callers off the main loop are safe too)
+  this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
   return ESP_OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h
index eacc3eb886..af693b47cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -9,6 +10,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
 #include "espnow_packet.h"
 
+#if defined(USE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS)
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#endif
+
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 
 #include <esp_mac.h>
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ class ESPNowUnknownPeerHandler {
   /// @param data Pointer to the received data payload
   /// @param size Size of the received data in bytes
   /// @return true if the packet was handled, false otherwise
-  virtual bool on_unknown_peer(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) = 0;
+  virtual bool on_unknown_peer(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) = 0;
 };
 
 /// Handler interface for receiving ESPNow packets
@@ -74,7 +79,7 @@ class ESPNowReceivedPacketHandler {
   /// @param data Pointer to the received data payload
   /// @param size Size of the received data in bytes
   /// @return true if the packet was handled, false otherwise
-  virtual bool on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) = 0;
+  virtual bool on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) = 0;
 };
 /// Handler interface for receiving ESPNow broadcast packets
 /// Components should inherit from this class to handle incoming ESPNow data
@@ -85,10 +90,14 @@ class ESPNowBroadcastHandler {
   /// @param data Pointer to the received data payload
   /// @param size Size of the received data in bytes
   /// @return true if the packet was handled, false otherwise
-  virtual bool on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) = 0;
+  virtual bool on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) = 0;
 };
 
+#if defined(USE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS)
+class ESPNowComponent final : public Component, public wifi::WiFiConnectStateListener {
+#else
 class ESPNowComponent final : public Component {
+#endif
  public:
   ESPNowComponent();
   void setup() override;
@@ -114,6 +123,11 @@ class ESPNowComponent final : public Component {
 
   void set_auto_add_peer(bool value) { this->auto_add_peer_ = value; }
 
+#if defined(USE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS)
+  // WiFiConnectStateListener interface: refresh the cached channel after each (re)connect
+  void on_wifi_connect_state(StringRef ssid, std::span<const uint8_t, 6> bssid) override;
+#endif
+
   void enable();
   void disable();
   bool is_disabled() const { return this->state_ == ESPNOW_STATE_DISABLED; };
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h
index b6192a0d41..fb125864fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h
@@ -19,6 +19,23 @@ namespace esphome::espnow {
 static const uint8_t ESPNOW_BROADCAST_ADDR[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 static const uint8_t ESPNOW_MULTICAST_ADDR[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE};
 
+// Maximum payload this component sends and receives, from the
+// ``max_payload_size`` option. The radio stack speaks ESP-NOW v2 regardless
+// (negotiated per peer); payloads beyond the v1 limit (250 bytes) are opt-in
+// because the packet pools are statically sized from this, so their RAM cost
+// is proportional (~8 KB at 250 bytes, ~44 KB at the v2 limit of 1470).
+#ifndef USE_ESPNOW_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE
+#define USE_ESPNOW_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN
+#endif
+static constexpr uint16_t ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN = USE_ESPNOW_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+#ifdef ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN_V2
+static_assert(ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN <= ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN_V2,
+              "espnow max_payload_size cannot exceed the ESP-NOW v2 frame limit");
+#else
+static_assert(ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN <= ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN,
+              "espnow max_payload_size beyond 250 bytes requires an ESP-IDF with ESP-NOW v2 support (5.4+)");
+#endif
+
 struct WifiPacketRxControl {
   int8_t rssi;         // Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of packet, unit: dBm
   uint32_t timestamp;  // Timestamp in microseconds when the packet was received, precise only if modem sleep or
@@ -78,10 +95,10 @@ class ESPNowPacket {
   union {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
     struct received_data {
-      ESPNowRecvInfo info;                 // Information about the received packet
-      uint8_t data[ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN];  // Data received in the packet
-      uint8_t size;                        // Size of the received data
-      WifiPacketRxControl rx_ctrl;         // Status of the received packet
+      ESPNowRecvInfo info;                // Information about the received packet
+      uint8_t data[ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN];  // Data received in the packet
+      uint16_t size;                      // Size of the received data
+      WifiPacketRxControl rx_ctrl;        // Status of the received packet
     } receive;
 
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
@@ -144,15 +161,15 @@ class ESPNowSendPacket {
     this->callback_ = nullptr;  // Reset callback
   }
 
-  uint8_t address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN]{0};   // MAC address of the peer to send the packet to
-  uint8_t data_[ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN]{0};  // Data to send
-  uint8_t size_{0};                        // Size of the data to send, must be <= ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN
-  send_callback_t callback_{nullptr};      // Callback to call when the send operation is complete
+  uint8_t address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN]{0};  // MAC address of the peer to send the packet to
+  uint8_t data_[ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN]{0};  // Data to send
+  uint16_t size_{0};                      // Size of the data to send, must be <= ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN
+  send_callback_t callback_{nullptr};     // Callback to call when the send operation is complete
 
  private:
   void init_data_(const uint8_t *peer_address, const uint8_t *payload, size_t size) {
     memcpy(this->address_, peer_address, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN);
-    if (size > ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+    if (size > ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
       this->size_ = 0;
       return;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py
index e6d66440db..ee4706ca1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import HexInt
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ESPNowComponent, espnow_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(ESPNowTransport).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up the ESP-NOW transport component."""
     var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp
index 1e37073321..b7686f23d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ void ESPNowTransport::send_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) const {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (buf.size() > ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Packet too large: %zu bytes (max %d)", buf.size(), ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN);
+  if (buf.size() > ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Packet too large: %zu bytes (max %u)", buf.size(), (unsigned) ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ void ESPNowTransport::send_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) const {
   });
 }
 
-bool ESPNowTransport::on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received packet of size %u from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", size, info.src_addr[0],
+bool ESPNowTransport::on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received packet of size %u from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", (unsigned) size, info.src_addr[0],
            info.src_addr[1], info.src_addr[2], info.src_addr[3], info.src_addr[4], info.src_addr[5]);
 
   if (data == nullptr || size == 0) {
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ bool ESPNowTransport::on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data
   return false;  // Allow other handlers to run
 }
 
-bool ESPNowTransport::on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received broadcast packet of size %u from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", size, info.src_addr[0],
-           info.src_addr[1], info.src_addr[2], info.src_addr[3], info.src_addr[4], info.src_addr[5]);
+bool ESPNowTransport::on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received broadcast packet of size %u from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", (unsigned) size,
+           info.src_addr[0], info.src_addr[1], info.src_addr[2], info.src_addr[3], info.src_addr[4], info.src_addr[5]);
 
   if (data == nullptr || size == 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received empty or null broadcast packet");
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.h b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.h
index 7e1d08618b..51069b6415 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.h
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ class ESPNowTransport final : public packet_transport::PacketTransport,
   }
 
   // ESPNow handler interface
-  bool on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override;
-  bool on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override;
+  bool on_receive(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) override;
+  bool on_broadcast(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size) override;
 
  protected:
   void send_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) const override;
-  size_t get_max_packet_size() override { return ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN; }
+  size_t get_max_packet_size() override { return ESPNOW_MAX_DATA_LEN; }
   bool should_send() override;
 
   peer_address_t peer_address_{{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}};
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
index 8f927cf3e9..0454440f14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
@@ -4,8 +4,17 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation, pins
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.network import ip_address_literal
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.components import spi
+from esphome.components.network import (
+    add_use_address,
+    get_network_priority,
+    get_priority_interfaces_from_full_config,
+    ip_address_literal,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADDRESS,
@@ -31,6 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_SPI,
+    CONF_SPI_ID,
     CONF_STATIC_IP,
     CONF_SUBNET,
     CONF_TYPE,
@@ -43,14 +53,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
+    ID,
     CoroPriority,
     TimePeriodMilliseconds,
     coroutine_with_priority,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-CONFLICTS_WITH = ["wifi"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["network"]
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -128,6 +139,7 @@ ETHERNET_TYPES = {
     "W6300": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_W6300,
     "GENERIC": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC,
     "YT8531": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531,
+    "CH390": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390,
 }
 
 # PHY types that need compile-time defines for conditional compilation
@@ -149,6 +161,7 @@ _PHY_TYPE_TO_DEFINE = {
     "W6300": "USE_ETHERNET_W6300",
     "GENERIC": "USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC",
     "YT8531": "USE_ETHERNET_YT8531",
+    "CH390": "USE_ETHERNET_CH390",
 }
 
 
@@ -172,16 +185,19 @@ _IDF6_ETHERNET_COMPONENTS: dict[str, IDFRegistryComponent] = {
     "DM9051": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/dm9051", "1.1.0"),
     "ENC28J60": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/enc28j60", "1.0.1"),
     "LAN8670": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/lan867x", "2.0.0"),
+    "CH390": IDFRegistryComponent("espressif/ch390", "0.3.0"),
 }
 
 # These types are always external IDF components (never built-in to ESP-IDF)
-_ALWAYS_EXTERNAL_IDF_COMPONENTS = {"LAN8670", "ENC28J60"}
+_ALWAYS_EXTERNAL_IDF_COMPONENTS = {"LAN8670", "ENC28J60", "CH390"}
 
 # ESP32-only SPI ethernet types (W5100 is RP2040-only, no ESP-IDF driver)
-SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES = {"W5500", "DM9051", "ENC28J60"}
-# RP2040-supported ethernet types (SPI and PIO QSPI)
-RP2040_ETHERNET_TYPES = {"W5100", "W5500", "W6100", "W6300", "ENC28J60"}
-_RP2040_SPI_LIBRARIES = {
+SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES = {"W5500", "DM9051", "ENC28J60", "CH390"}
+# RP2-supported ethernet types (SPI and PIO QSPI). Applies to the whole
+# RP2 family (RP2040 and RP2350); the chip-specific W5100 caveat in the
+# comment above is about ESP-IDF driver coverage, not the RP2 platform.
+RP2_ETHERNET_TYPES = {"W5100", "W5500", "W6100", "W6300", "ENC28J60"}
+_RP2_SPI_LIBRARIES = {
     "W5100": "lwIP_w5100",
     "W5500": "lwIP_w5500",
     "ENC28J60": "lwIP_enc28j60",
@@ -249,10 +265,42 @@ def _is_framework_spi_polling_mode_supported() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+# Options that come from the referenced spi bus when spi_id is set
+_SPI_BUS_PROVIDED_OPTIONS = (
+    CONF_CLK_PIN,
+    CONF_MOSI_PIN,
+    CONF_MISO_PIN,
+    CONF_INTERFACE,
+)
+
+
+def _validate_spi_bus(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Cross-validate spi_id against the options the referenced bus provides."""
+    if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
+        for key in _SPI_BUS_PROVIDED_OPTIONS:
+            if key in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{key}' cannot be used together with '{CONF_SPI_ID}'; "
+                    f"it comes from the referenced 'spi:' bus.",
+                    path=[key],
+                )
+    else:
+        for key in (CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN, CONF_MISO_PIN):
+            if key not in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{key}' is a required option when '{CONF_SPI_ID}' is not set.",
+                    path=[key],
+                )
+    return config
+
+
 def _validate_spi_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Set default SPI interface or validate user choice against the variant."""
     if not CORE.is_esp32:
         return config
+    if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
+        # The interface comes from the referenced spi bus; don't set a default.
+        return config
     from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32, get_esp32_variant
     from esphome.components.spi import get_hw_interface_list
 
@@ -267,7 +315,7 @@ def _validate_spi_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_USE_ADDRESS not in config:
         if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config:
             use_address = str(config[CONF_MANUAL_IP][CONF_STATIC_IP])
@@ -346,7 +394,7 @@ def _validate(config):
                     "  clk:\n"
                     "    mode: %s\n"
                     "    pin: %s\n"
-                    "Removal scheduled for 2026.9.0.",
+                    "Removal scheduled for 2026.11.0.",
                     config[CONF_CLK_MODE],
                     mode,
                     pin,
@@ -361,10 +409,10 @@ def _validate(config):
                     f"{config[CONF_TYPE]} PHY requires RMII interface and is only supported "
                     f"on ESP32 classic and ESP32-P4, not {variant}"
                 )
-    elif CORE.is_rp2040 and config[CONF_TYPE] not in RP2040_ETHERNET_TYPES:
+    elif CORE.is_rp2 and config[CONF_TYPE] not in RP2_ETHERNET_TYPES:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"Only {', '.join(sorted(RP2040_ETHERNET_TYPES))} are supported on RP2040, "
-            f"not {config[CONF_TYPE]}"
+            f"Only {', '.join(sorted(RP2_ETHERNET_TYPES))} are supported on the RP2 "
+            f"platform, not {config[CONF_TYPE]}"
         )
     return config
 
@@ -431,37 +479,60 @@ GENERIC_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32]),
 )
 
-SPI_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Required(CONF_CLK_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
-                cv.Required(CONF_MISO_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
-                cv.Required(CONF_MOSI_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
-                cv.Required(CONF_CS_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
-                cv.SplitDefault(CONF_CLOCK_SPEED, esp32="26.67MHz"): cv.All(
-                    cv.only_on_esp32,
-                    cv.frequency,
-                    cv.int_range(int(8e6), int(80e6)),
-                ),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_INTERFACE): cv.All(
-                    cv.only_on_esp32,
-                    cv.one_of(*SPI_INTERFACE_MAP.keys(), lower=True),
-                ),
-                # Set default value (SPI_ETHERNET_DEFAULT_POLLING_INTERVAL) at _validate()
-                cv.Optional(CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL): cv.All(
-                    cv.only_on_esp32,
-                    cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-                    cv.Range(min=TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=1)),
-                ),
-            }
+
+def _spi_schema(default_clock: str = "26.67MHz", max_clock: int = int(80e6)) -> cv.All:
+    return cv.All(
+        BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
+            cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    # clk/mosi/miso are required unless spi_id is set; enforced
+                    # by _validate_spi_bus below.
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_CLK_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_MISO_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_MOSI_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_SPI_ID): cv.All(
+                        cv.only_on_esp32, cv.use_id(spi.SPIComponent)
+                    ),
+                    cv.Required(CONF_CS_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+                    ): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                    cv.SplitDefault(CONF_CLOCK_SPEED, esp32=default_clock): cv.All(
+                        cv.only_on_esp32,
+                        cv.frequency,
+                        cv.int_range(int(8e6), max_clock),
+                    ),
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_INTERFACE): cv.All(
+                        cv.only_on_esp32,
+                        cv.one_of(*SPI_INTERFACE_MAP.keys(), lower=True),
+                    ),
+                    # Set default value (SPI_ETHERNET_DEFAULT_POLLING_INTERVAL) at _validate()
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL): cv.All(
+                        cv.only_on_esp32,
+                        cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                        cv.Range(min=TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=1)),
+                    ),
+                }
+            ),
         ),
-    ),
-    cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32, Platform.RP2040]),
-    _validate_spi_interface,
-)
+        cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32, Platform.RP2]),
+        _validate_spi_bus,
+        _validate_spi_interface,
+    )
+
+
+SPI_SCHEMA = _spi_schema()
+
+# The ENC28J60's SCK maximum is 20 MHz, so the shared 26.67 MHz default is out
+# of spec for it and makes the driver's CS hold time helper compute no hold
+SPI_SCHEMA_ENC28J60 = _spi_schema(default_clock="20MHz", max_clock=int(20e6))
+
+# The CH390H/D rates SCK at 50 MHz typical and 72 MHz maximum with VDDIO at 3.3V,
+# so the shared 80 MHz ceiling is out of spec while the 26.67 MHz default is not.
+# CH390 datasheet v1.8, tables 9-4 and 9-5:
+# https://www.wch-ic.com/downloads/CH390DS1_PDF.html
+SPI_SCHEMA_CH390 = _spi_schema(max_clock=int(72e6))
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.typed_schema(
@@ -473,13 +544,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             "JL1101": RMII_SCHEMA,
             "KSZ8081": RMII_SCHEMA,
             "KSZ8081RNA": RMII_SCHEMA,
-            "W5100": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2040])),
+            "W5100": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2])),
             "W5500": SPI_SCHEMA,
             "OPENETH": cv.All(BASE_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32])),
             "DM9051": SPI_SCHEMA,
-            "ENC28J60": SPI_SCHEMA,
-            "W6100": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2040])),
-            "W6300": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2040])),
+            "CH390": SPI_SCHEMA_CH390,
+            "ENC28J60": SPI_SCHEMA_ENC28J60,
+            "W6100": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2])),
+            "W6300": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2])),
             "LAN8670": RMII_SCHEMA,
             "GENERIC": GENERIC_SCHEMA,
             "YT8531": GENERIC_SCHEMA,
@@ -490,13 +562,37 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate_spi(config):
+def _final_validate_spi(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.is_esp32:
         return  # SPI interface validation is ESP32-only
     if config[CONF_TYPE] not in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES:
         return
     from esphome.components.spi import CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX, get_spi_interface
 
+    if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
+        # Sharing the bus: the standard spi device schema enforces that the
+        # referenced bus declares both data lines. The IDF ethernet drivers
+        # additionally need a hardware host, which shows as an interface index
+        # on the validated bus config.
+        spi.final_validate_device_schema(
+            "ethernet", require_mosi=True, require_miso=True
+        )(config)
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_SPI_ID): fv.id_declaration_match_schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.Required(
+                            CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX,
+                            msg="Component ethernet requires this spi bus to use "
+                            "a hardware interface",
+                        ): cv.valid
+                    }
+                )
+            },
+            extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+        )(config)
+        return
+
     if spi_configs := fv.full_config.get().get(CONF_SPI):
         # get_spi_interface() returns strings like "SPI2_HOST"
         spi_host = f"{config[CONF_INTERFACE].upper()}_HOST"
@@ -510,7 +606,7 @@ def _final_validate_spi(config):
                     )
 
 
-def manual_ip(config):
+def manual_ip(config: ConfigType) -> cg.StructInitializer:
     return cg.StructInitializer(
         ManualIP,
         ("static_ip", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_STATIC_IP])),
@@ -521,7 +617,7 @@ def manual_ip(config):
     )
 
 
-def phy_register(address: int, value: int, page: int):
+def phy_register(address: int, value: int, page: int) -> cg.StructInitializer:
     return cg.StructInitializer(
         PHYRegister,
         ("address", address),
@@ -531,17 +627,25 @@ def phy_register(address: int, value: int, page: int):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.COMMUNICATION)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    # Apply network priority before register_component (which emits the user's
+    # explicit setup_priority: if set) so that, as in wifi, an explicit
+    # setup_priority: still wins over the network-priority-derived value.
+    prio = get_network_priority("ethernet")
+    if prio is not None:
+        cg.set_setup_priority(var, prio)
+
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         await _to_code_esp32(var, config)
-    elif CORE.is_rp2040:
+    elif CORE.is_rp2:
         await _to_code_rp2040(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_type(ETHERNET_TYPES[config[CONF_TYPE]]))
-    cg.add(var.set_use_address(config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS]))
+    add_use_address(var, config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS])
     # enable_on_boot defaults to true in C++ - only set if false
     if not config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]:
         cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(False))
@@ -575,7 +679,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     CORE.add_job(final_step)
 
 
-async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     from esphome.components.esp32 import (
         add_idf_component,
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
@@ -585,9 +689,15 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     )
 
     if config[CONF_TYPE] in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES:
-        cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(config[CONF_CLK_PIN]))
-        cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
-        cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
+        if (spi_id := config.get(CONF_SPI_ID)) is not None:
+            # Pins and host come from the shared spi bus.
+            spi_parent = await cg.get_variable(spi_id)
+            cg.add(var.set_spi_parent(spi_parent))
+        else:
+            cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(config[CONF_CLK_PIN]))
+            cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
+            cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
+            cg.add(var.set_interface(SPI_INTERFACE_MAP[config[CONF_INTERFACE]]))
         cg.add(var.set_cs_pin(config[CONF_CS_PIN]))
         if CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN in config:
             cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN]))
@@ -601,11 +711,13 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI")
 
-        cg.add(var.set_interface(SPI_INTERFACE_MAP[config[CONF_INTERFACE]]))
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ETH_USE_SPI_ETHERNET", True)
         # CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_{TYPE} Kconfig options were removed in IDF 6.0
-        # ENC28J60 was never built-in to IDF, so it has no Kconfig option
-        if idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0) and config[CONF_TYPE] != "ENC28J60":
+        # Types that are never built into IDF ship no Kconfig option at all
+        if (
+            idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0)
+            and config[CONF_TYPE] not in _ALWAYS_EXTERNAL_IDF_COMPONENTS
+        ):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
                 f"CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_{config[CONF_TYPE]}", True
             )
@@ -642,8 +754,9 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
             )
             cg.add(var.add_phy_register(reg))
 
-    # Register Ethernet with the esp32 sdkconfig reconciler, which disables the
-    # WiFi stack and WiFi/BT coexistence when Ethernet is used without WiFi.
+    # Register Ethernet with the esp32 sdkconfig reconciler. It disables the
+    # WiFi stack and WiFi/BT coexistence only when Ethernet runs without WiFi,
+    # so multi-interface configs (network: priority: with both) keep WiFi.
     request_ethernet()
 
     # Re-enable ESP-IDF's Ethernet driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
@@ -659,7 +772,7 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         add_idf_component(name=component.name, ref=component.version)
 
 
-async def _to_code_rp2040(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def _to_code_rp2040(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(config[CONF_CLK_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
@@ -670,7 +783,7 @@ async def _to_code_rp2040(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(config[CONF_RESET_PIN]))
 
     cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI")
-    cg.add_library(_RP2040_SPI_LIBRARIES[config[CONF_TYPE]], None)
+    cg.add_library(_RP2_SPI_LIBRARIES[config[CONF_TYPE]], None)
 
 
 def _final_validate_rmii_pins(config: ConfigType) -> None:
@@ -728,18 +841,33 @@ def _final_validate_rmii_pins(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             raise cv.Invalid(error_msg, path=pin_path)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Final validation for Ethernet component."""
+    # Allow ethernet + wifi coexistence only when both are declared in network: priority:.
+    if "wifi" in fv.full_config.get():
+        priority_ifaces = get_priority_interfaces_from_full_config(fv.full_config.get())
+        missing = [i for i in ("ethernet", "wifi") if i not in priority_ifaces]
+        if missing and priority_ifaces:
+            # A priority list exists but is incomplete: point at what to add.
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "When ethernet and wifi are used together, 'network: priority:' must "
+                f"list both interfaces; missing: {', '.join(missing)}"
+            )
+        if missing:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "Component ethernet cannot be used together with component wifi "
+                "unless both are listed under 'network: priority:'"
+            )
+
     _final_validate_spi(config)
     _final_validate_rmii_pins(config)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def final_step():
+async def final_step() -> None:
     """Final code generation step to configure optional Ethernet features."""
     if ip_state_count := CORE.data.get(ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS_KEY, 0):
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS")
@@ -752,17 +880,28 @@ _platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
         },
-        "ethernet_component_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "ethernet_component_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
         },
+        "w5500_custom_spi.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        },
     }
 )
 
 
+# The custom W5500 SPI driver is fully #ifdef'd on USE_ESP32 and
+# USE_ETHERNET_W5500 (the platform filter map above handles non-ESP32).
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"w5500_custom_spi.cpp": "USE_ETHERNET_W5500"}
+)
+
+
 def _filter_source_files() -> list[str]:
-    excluded = _platform_filter()
+    excluded = _platform_filter() + _define_filter()
     eth_data = CORE.data.get(KEY_ETHERNET, {})
     eth_type = eth_data.get(ETHERNET_TYPE_KEY)
     # Only compile the custom JL1101 driver when JL1101 is configured
@@ -776,13 +915,19 @@ def _filter_source_files() -> list[str]:
         # to avoid shadowing. Native IDF builds always need the custom driver.
         if cv.Version(5, 4, 2) <= idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0):
             excluded.append("esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c")
-    return excluded
+    # The platform and define filters can both name the same file
+    return list(dict.fromkeys(excluded))
 
 
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = _filter_source_files
 
 
-async def _new_pvariable_to_code(config, id_, template_arg, args):
+async def _new_pvariable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    id_: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     return cg.new_Pvariable(id_, template_arg)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index 42cb0b3cfc..14a4fd660b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -10,14 +10,6 @@ EthernetComponent *global_eth_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-
 
 EthernetComponent::EthernetComponent() { global_eth_component = this; }
 
-float EthernetComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
-
-void EthernetComponent::set_type(EthernetType type) { this->type_ = type; }
-
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
-void EthernetComponent::set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
 void EthernetComponent::notify_ip_state_listeners_() {
   auto ips = this->get_ip_addresses();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index e0fe920ea1..2b67b9093b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include "esp_eth.h"
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #include "hal/spi_types.h"
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+#include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#endif
 #endif
 #include "esp_eth_mac.h"
 #include "esp_eth_mac_esp.h"
@@ -25,7 +28,7 @@ extern "C" eth_esp32_emac_config_t eth_esp32_emac_default_config(void);
 #endif
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5500)
 #include <W5500lwIP.h>
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5100)
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@ enum EthernetType : uint8_t {
   ETHERNET_TYPE_W6300,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531,
+  ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390,
 };
 
 struct ManualIP {
@@ -112,8 +116,10 @@ enum class EthernetComponentState : uint8_t {
 
 // Platform-neutral duplex/speed types
 #ifndef USE_ESP32
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming)
 enum eth_duplex_t { ETH_DUPLEX_HALF, ETH_DUPLEX_FULL };
 enum eth_speed_t { ETH_SPEED_10M, ETH_SPEED_100M };
+// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming)
 #endif
 
 class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
@@ -122,7 +128,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::ETHERNET; }
   void on_powerdown() override { powerdown(); }
   bool is_connected() { return this->state_ == EthernetComponentState::CONNECTED; }
 
@@ -137,20 +143,25 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   bool is_disabled() { return this->disabled_; }
   bool is_enabled() { return !this->disabled_; }
 
-  void set_type(EthernetType type);
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
-  void set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// esp_netif handle, used by network for default-route arbitration.
+  /// nullptr until the driver/netif installation has run.
+  esp_netif_t *get_esp_netif() { return this->eth_netif_; }
 #endif
-  void set_fixed_mac(const std::array<uint8_t, 6> &mac) { this->fixed_mac_ = mac; }
+
+  void set_type(EthernetType type) { this->type_ = type; }
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
+  void set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
+#endif
+  void set_fixed_mac(const std::array<uint8_t, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE> &mac) { this->fixed_mac_ = mac; }
 
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
   network::IPAddress get_dns_address(uint8_t num);
+  /// Returns nullptr when no explicit use_address is configured and the address is
+  /// derived at runtime from the device name (see network::get_use_address_to()).
   const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
   void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
   void get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac);
-  // Remove before 2026.9.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_eth_mac_address_pretty();
   const char *get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf);
   eth_duplex_t get_duplex_mode();
   eth_speed_t get_link_speed();
@@ -160,36 +171,39 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   esp_eth_handle_t get_eth_handle() const { return this->eth_handle_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
-  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
-  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin);
-  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin);
-  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin);
-  void set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin);
-  void set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin);
-  void set_clock_speed(int clock_speed);
-  void set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface);
+  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
+  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
+  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
+  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
+  void set_clock_speed(int clock_speed) { this->clock_speed_ = clock_speed; }
+  void set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface) { this->interface_ = interface; }
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  void set_spi_parent(spi::SPIComponent *parent) { this->spi_parent_ = parent; }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
-  void set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval);
+  void set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval) { this->polling_interval_ = polling_interval; }
 #endif
 #else
-  void set_phy_addr(uint8_t phy_addr);
-  void set_power_pin(int power_pin);
-  void set_mdc_pin(uint8_t mdc_pin);
-  void set_mdio_pin(uint8_t mdio_pin);
-  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
-  void set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode);
+  void set_phy_addr(uint8_t phy_addr) { this->phy_addr_ = phy_addr; }
+  void set_power_pin(int power_pin) { this->power_pin_ = power_pin; }
+  void set_mdc_pin(uint8_t mdc_pin) { this->mdc_pin_ = mdc_pin; }
+  void set_mdio_pin(uint8_t mdio_pin) { this->mdio_pin_ = mdio_pin; }
+  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
+  void set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode) { this->clk_mode_ = clk_mode; }
   void add_phy_register(PHYRegister register_value);
 #endif  // USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
-  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin);
-  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin);
-  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin);
-  void set_interrupt_pin(int8_t interrupt_pin);
-  void set_reset_pin(int8_t reset_pin);
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+  void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
+  void set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
+  void set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
+  void set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(int8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(int8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
   void add_ip_state_listener(EthernetIPStateListener *listener) { this->ip_state_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
@@ -250,6 +264,11 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   int phy_addr_spi_{-1};
   int clock_speed_;
   spi_host_device_t interface_{SPI2_HOST};
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  // When set, the SPI bus is owned and initialized by this spi component
+  // and the ethernet chip only adds a device to it.
+  spi::SPIComponent *spi_parent_{nullptr};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   uint32_t polling_interval_{0};
 #endif
@@ -272,7 +291,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   esp_eth_phy_t *phy_{nullptr};
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   static constexpr uint32_t LINK_CHECK_INTERVAL = 500;  // ms between link/IP polls
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5100)
   static constexpr uint32_t RESET_DELAY_MS = 150;  // W5100S PLL lock time
@@ -301,7 +320,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   uint8_t cs_pin_;
   int8_t interrupt_pin_{-1};
   int8_t reset_pin_{-1};
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 
   // Common members
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
@@ -331,7 +350,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   bool ipv6_setup_done_{false};
 #endif /* LWIP_IPV6 */
 
-  optional<std::array<uint8_t, 6>> fixed_mac_;
+  optional<std::array<uint8_t, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE>> fixed_mac_;
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
   StaticVector<EthernetIPStateListener *, ESPHOME_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS> ip_state_listeners_;
@@ -346,7 +365,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
   // ONLY set from Python-generated code with string literals - never dynamic strings.
-  const char *use_address_{""};
+  const char *use_address_{nullptr};
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
index 5ad1e7d483..1d9903271e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
@@ -50,9 +50,18 @@
 #include "esp_eth_enc28j60.h"
 #endif
 
+// CH390 headers exist on all IDF versions (always an external component)
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_CH390
+#include "esp_eth_mac_ch390.h"
+#include "esp_eth_phy_ch390.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #include <driver/gpio.h>
 #include <driver/spi_master.h>
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+#include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#endif
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::ethernet {
@@ -162,25 +171,34 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   // Install GPIO ISR handler to be able to service SPI Eth modules interrupts
   gpio_install_isr_service(0);
 
-  spi_bus_config_t buscfg = {
-      .mosi_io_num = this->mosi_pin_,
-      .miso_io_num = this->miso_pin_,
-      .sclk_io_num = this->clk_pin_,
-      .quadwp_io_num = -1,
-      .quadhd_io_num = -1,
-      .data4_io_num = -1,
-      .data5_io_num = -1,
-      .data6_io_num = -1,
-      .data7_io_num = -1,
-      .max_transfer_sz = 0,
-      .flags = 0,
-      .intr_flags = 0,
-  };
+  spi_host_device_t host;
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  if (this->spi_parent_ != nullptr) {
+    // The bus is owned and already initialized by the spi component; share its host.
+    host = this->spi_parent_->get_interface();
+  } else
+#endif
+  {
+    spi_bus_config_t buscfg = {
+        .mosi_io_num = this->mosi_pin_,
+        .miso_io_num = this->miso_pin_,
+        .sclk_io_num = this->clk_pin_,
+        .quadwp_io_num = -1,
+        .quadhd_io_num = -1,
+        .data4_io_num = -1,
+        .data5_io_num = -1,
+        .data6_io_num = -1,
+        .data7_io_num = -1,
+        .max_transfer_sz = 0,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .intr_flags = 0,
+    };
 
-  auto host = this->interface_;
+    host = this->interface_;
 
-  err = spi_bus_initialize(host, &buscfg, SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO);
-  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "SPI bus initialize error");
+    err = spi_bus_initialize(host, &buscfg, SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO);
+    ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "SPI bus initialize error");
+  }
 #endif
   // Network interface setup handled by network component
 
@@ -215,6 +233,8 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   eth_dm9051_config_t dm9051_config = ETH_DM9051_DEFAULT_CONFIG(host, &devcfg);
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_ENC28J60)
   eth_enc28j60_config_t enc28j60_config = ETH_ENC28J60_DEFAULT_CONFIG(host, &devcfg);
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+  eth_ch390_config_t ch390_config = ETH_CH390_DEFAULT_CONFIG(host, &devcfg);
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5500)
@@ -232,8 +252,15 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   dm9051_config.poll_period_ms = this->polling_interval_;
 #endif
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_ENC28J60)
+  // ENC28J60 does not support poll_period_ms. CS must stay asserted for the chip's CS hold
+  // time (t10, 210 ns) after the last clock or MAC/MII register reads fail ("wrong chip ID")
+  enc28j60_config.spi_devcfg->cs_ena_posttrans = enc28j60_cal_spi_cs_hold_time((this->clock_speed_ + 999999) / 1000000);
   enc28j60_config.int_gpio_num = this->interrupt_pin_;
-  // ENC28J60 does not support poll_period_ms
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+  ch390_config.int_gpio_num = this->interrupt_pin_;
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
+  ch390_config.poll_period_ms = this->polling_interval_;
+#endif
 #endif
 
   phy_config.phy_addr = this->phy_addr_spi_;
@@ -358,6 +385,12 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
       this->phy_ = esp_eth_phy_new_enc28j60(&phy_config);
       break;
     }
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390: {
+      mac = esp_eth_mac_new_ch390(&ch390_config, &mac_config);
+      this->phy_ = esp_eth_phy_new_ch390(&phy_config);
+      break;
+    }
 #endif
 #endif
     default: {
@@ -408,9 +441,9 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
 #endif  // !USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 
   // use ESP internal eth mac
-  uint8_t mac_addr[6];
+  uint8_t mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   if (this->fixed_mac_.has_value()) {
-    memcpy(mac_addr, this->fixed_mac_->data(), 6);
+    memcpy(mac_addr, this->fixed_mac_->data(), MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   } else {
     esp_read_mac(mac_addr, ESP_MAC_ETH);
   }
@@ -517,6 +550,10 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
     case ETHERNET_TYPE_ENC28J60:
       eth_type = "ENC28J60";
       break;
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_CH390)
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_CH390:
+      eth_type = "CH390";
+      break;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_OPENETH
     case ETHERNET_TYPE_OPENETH:
@@ -550,17 +587,25 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
                 YESNO(this->is_connected()));
   this->dump_connect_params_();
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  CLK Pin: %u\n"
-                "  MISO Pin: %u\n"
-                "  MOSI Pin: %u\n"
-                "  CS Pin: %u",
-                this->clk_pin_, this->miso_pin_, this->mosi_pin_, this->cs_pin_);
-  const char *spi_interface = "spi3";
-  if (this->interface_ == SPI2_HOST) {
-    spi_interface = "spi2";
+#ifdef USE_SPI
+  if (this->spi_parent_ != nullptr) {
+    // Pins and interface come from the shared spi bus; only CS is ours.
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  CS Pin: %u", this->cs_pin_);
+  } else
+#endif
+  {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                  "  CLK Pin: %u\n"
+                  "  MISO Pin: %u\n"
+                  "  MOSI Pin: %u\n"
+                  "  CS Pin: %u",
+                  this->clk_pin_, this->miso_pin_, this->mosi_pin_, this->cs_pin_);
+    const char *spi_interface = "spi3";
+    if (this->interface_ == SPI2_HOST) {
+      spi_interface = "spi2";
+    }
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interface: %s", spi_interface);
   }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interface: %s", spi_interface);
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   if (this->polling_interval_ != 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Polling Interval: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->polling_interval_);
@@ -764,16 +809,25 @@ void EthernetComponent::start_connect_() {
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
   if (this->manual_ip_.has_value()) {
-    LwIPLock lock;
+    // Set DNS through esp_netif so the servers are stored in the netif's own
+    // dns[] array; raw dns_setserver() would be lost when the default-route
+    // arbitration re-applies the default netif's DNS.
+    // Log-only on failure: the link still has a working IP/gateway, so degraded
+    // name resolution does not justify marking the whole component failed.
+    esp_netif_dns_info_t dns{};
     if (this->manual_ip_->dns1.is_set()) {
-      ip_addr_t d;
-      d = this->manual_ip_->dns1;
-      dns_setserver(0, &d);
+      dns.ip = this->manual_ip_->dns1;
+      err = esp_netif_set_dns_info(this->eth_netif_, ESP_NETIF_DNS_MAIN, &dns);
+      if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set main DNS failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      }
     }
     if (this->manual_ip_->dns2.is_set()) {
-      ip_addr_t d;
-      d = this->manual_ip_->dns2;
-      dns_setserver(1, &d);
+      dns.ip = this->manual_ip_->dns2;
+      err = esp_netif_set_dns_info(this->eth_netif_, ESP_NETIF_DNS_BACKUP, &dns);
+      if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set backup DNS failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      }
     }
   } else
 #endif
@@ -874,25 +928,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
 #endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_clock_speed(int clock_speed) { this->clock_speed_ = clock_speed; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface) { this->interface_ = interface; }
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
-void EthernetComponent::set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval) { this->polling_interval_ = polling_interval; }
-#endif
-#else
-void EthernetComponent::set_phy_addr(uint8_t phy_addr) { this->phy_addr_ = phy_addr; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_power_pin(int power_pin) { this->power_pin_ = power_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mdc_pin(uint8_t mdc_pin) { this->mdc_pin_ = mdc_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mdio_pin(uint8_t mdio_pin) { this->mdio_pin_ = mdio_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode) { this->clk_mode_ = clk_mode; }
+#ifndef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 void EthernetComponent::add_phy_register(PHYRegister register_value) { this->phy_registers_.push_back(register_value); }
 #endif
 
@@ -901,7 +937,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {
     // External callers (mdns, ethernet_info, etc.) may ask for the MAC before/regardless
     // of whether ethernet is enabled. Use the configured MAC if set, else the system ETH MAC.
     if (this->fixed_mac_.has_value()) {
-      memcpy(mac, this->fixed_mac_->data(), 6);
+      memcpy(mac, this->fixed_mac_->data(), MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
     } else {
       esp_read_mac(mac, ESP_MAC_ETH);
     }
@@ -912,14 +948,9 @@ void EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {
   ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "ETH_CMD_G_MAC error");
 }
 
-std::string EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty() {
-  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  return std::string(this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(buf));
-}
-
 const char *EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(
     std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_eth_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf.data());
   return buf.data();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp
similarity index 91%
rename from esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp
index 250297ddb5..94d84cc891 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #include "ethernet_component.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_ETHERNET) && defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ETHERNET) && defined(USE_RP2)
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.h"
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/gpio.h"
 
 #include <SPI.h>
 #include <lwip/dns.h>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::setup() {
 
   // Toggle reset pin if configured
   if (this->reset_pin_ >= 0) {
-    rp2040::RP2040GPIOPin reset_pin;
+    rp2::RP2GPIOPin reset_pin;
     reset_pin.set_pin(this->reset_pin_);
     reset_pin.set_flags(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
     reset_pin.setup();
@@ -187,17 +187,18 @@ void EthernetComponent::loop() {
 }
 
 void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
-  const char *type_str = "Unknown";
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5500)
-  type_str = "W5500";
+  const char *type_str = "W5500";
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5100)
-  type_str = "W5100";
+  const char *type_str = "W5100";
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_W6100)
-  type_str = "W6100";
+  const char *type_str = "W6100";
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_W6300)
-  type_str = "W6300";
+  const char *type_str = "W6300";
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET_ENC28J60)
-  type_str = "ENC28J60";
+  const char *type_str = "ENC28J60";
+#else
+  const char *type_str = "Unknown";
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W6300)
   // W6300 uses PIO QSPI with hardcoded pins — SPI pin fields are not used
@@ -244,18 +245,13 @@ void EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {
   if (this->eth_ != nullptr) {
     this->eth_->macAddress(mac);
   } else {
-    memset(mac, 0, 6);
+    memset(mac, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
   }
 }
 
-std::string EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty() {
-  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  return std::string(this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(buf));
-}
-
 const char *EthernetComponent::get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(
     std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_eth_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf.data());
   return buf.data();
@@ -354,13 +350,6 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
                 this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_buf));
 }
 
-void EthernetComponent::set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin) { this->clk_pin_ = clk_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_miso_pin(uint8_t miso_pin) { this->miso_pin_ = miso_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_mosi_pin(uint8_t mosi_pin) { this->mosi_pin_ = mosi_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_interrupt_pin(int8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
-void EthernetComponent::set_reset_pin(int8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
-
 void EthernetComponent::enable() {
   // RP2040 uses arduino-pico's LwipIntfDev which manages link state internally;
   // there is no clean enable/disable hook today. The YAML option is accepted on
@@ -380,4 +369,4 @@ void EthernetComponent::disable() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ethernet
 
-#endif  // USE_ETHERNET && USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_ETHERNET && USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py
index 8c20cf332c..66483cdb85 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet_info/text_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MAC_ADDRESS,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ethernet"]
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Request Ethernet IP state listener slots - one per sensor type
     if CONF_IP_ADDRESS in config:
         ethernet.request_ethernet_ip_state_listener()
diff --git a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
index 4cab1bff9b..881107b713 100644
--- a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nohat"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -50,7 +51,9 @@ _EVENT_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTEventComponent),
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Event),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_EVENT): automation.validate_automation({}),
         }
     )
@@ -91,7 +94,9 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @setup_entity("event")
-async def setup_event_core_(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
+async def setup_event_core_(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, *, event_types: list[str]
+) -> None:
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
     cg.add(var.set_event_types(event_types))
@@ -106,7 +111,9 @@ async def setup_event_core_(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_event(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
+async def register_event(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, *, event_types: list[str]
+) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("event", config)
@@ -114,7 +121,7 @@ async def register_event(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
     await setup_event_core_(var, config, event_types=event_types)
 
 
-async def new_event(config, *, event_types: list[str]):
+async def new_event(config: ConfigType, *, event_types: list[str]) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await register_event(var, config, event_types=event_types)
     return var
@@ -131,7 +138,12 @@ TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @automation.register_action(
     "event.trigger", TriggerEventAction, TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def event_fire_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def event_fire_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT_TYPE], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -140,5 +152,5 @@ async def event_fire_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(event_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py
index ab7416a264..4f7e698e23 100644
--- a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/__init__.py
@@ -1,39 +1,65 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 exposure_notifications_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("exposure_notifications")
 ExposureNotification = exposure_notifications_ns.struct("ExposureNotification")
 ExposureNotificationTrigger = exposure_notifications_ns.class_(
     "ExposureNotificationTrigger",
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
     automation.Trigger.template(ExposureNotification),
 )
 
 CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION = "on_exposure_notification"
 
+_RENAME_HUB_ID = ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("exposure_notifications")
+
+_VALIDATE_AUTOMATION = automation.validate_automation(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(ExposureNotificationTrigger),
+        }
+        # The trigger is the BLE listener, so the hub id lives on it.
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+# validate_automation() needs a dict-based schema, so the rename cannot go
+# inside it and has to run on the option value first. That value may also be a
+# list of automations or malformed, and rename_legacy_hub_id() is dict-only, so
+# map over lists and let validate_automation() report anything else.
+# schema_extractor keeps the key typed as a trigger in the generated editor
+# schema; build_language_schema.py recurses into cv.All but not into a plain
+# function.
+@schema_extractor("automation")
+def _validate_on_exposure_notification(value: Any) -> list[ConfigType]:
+    if value is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return _VALIDATE_AUTOMATION(value)
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        value = _RENAME_HUB_ID(value)
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        value = [_RENAME_HUB_ID(v) if isinstance(v, dict) else v for v in value]
+    return _VALIDATE_AUTOMATION(value)
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Required(CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION): automation.validate_automation(
-            cv.Schema(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        ExposureNotificationTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-        ),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION): _validate_on_exposure_notification,
     }
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(ExposureNotification, "x")], conf)
-        await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(trigger, conf)
+        await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(trigger, conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp
index e7038d2ca9..4f4b93b59c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.cpp
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::exposure_notifications {
 
-using namespace esp32_ble_tracker;
+using namespace ble_device_base;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "exposure_notifications";
 
@@ -43,5 +41,3 @@ bool ExposureNotificationTrigger::parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::exposure_notifications
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h
index 6a703a9a92..dc1241db56 100644
--- a/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h
+++ b/esphome/components/exposure_notifications/exposure_notifications.h
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include <array>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::exposure_notifications {
 
 struct ExposureNotification {
@@ -17,11 +15,9 @@ struct ExposureNotification {
 };
 
 class ExposureNotificationTrigger final : public Trigger<ExposureNotification>,
-                                          public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+                                          public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::exposure_notifications
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py b/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py
index c892ec1112..504b1ae679 100644
--- a/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/external_components/__init__.py
@@ -71,6 +71,33 @@ def _process_git_config(config: dict[str, Any], refresh: TimePeriodSeconds) -> P
     return components_dir
 
 
+def _log_overridden_components(
+    conf: dict[str, Any], component_names: list[str]
+) -> None:
+    overridden = [
+        name
+        for name in component_names
+        if (loader.CORE_COMPONENTS_PATH / name / "__init__.py").is_file()
+    ]
+    if not overridden:
+        return
+    if conf[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GIT:
+        source = conf[CONF_URL]
+        if ref := conf.get(CONF_REF):
+            source = f"{source}@{ref}"
+        if path := conf.get(CONF_PATH):
+            source = f"{source} ({path})"
+    else:
+        source = conf[CONF_PATH]
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "External components are overriding built-in components:\n"
+        "  source: %s\n"
+        "  components: %s",
+        source,
+        ", ".join(sorted(overridden)),
+    )
+
+
 def _process_single_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     conf = config[CONF_SOURCE]
     if conf[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GIT:
@@ -84,8 +111,8 @@ def _process_single_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     if config[CONF_COMPONENTS] == "all":
-        num_components = len(list(components_dir.glob("*/__init__.py")))
-        if num_components > 100:
+        component_names = [p.parent.name for p in components_dir.glob("*/__init__.py")]
+        if len(component_names) > 100:
             # Prevent accidentally including all components from an esphome fork/branch
             # In this case force the user to manually specify which components they want to include
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -102,6 +129,9 @@ def _process_single_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
                     [CONF_COMPONENTS, i],
                 )
         allowed_components = config[CONF_COMPONENTS]
+        component_names = allowed_components
+
+    _log_overridden_components(conf, component_names)
 
     loader.install_meta_finder(components_dir, allowed_components=allowed_components)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py
index b931885149..d1ee57a09b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/sensor.py
index a0473b292c..ed4efeeabc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/sensor.py
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ CONF_PUMP_VOLTAGE = "pump_voltage"
 CONF_LAST_VOLUME_REQUESTED = "last_volume_requested"
 CONF_MAX_FLOW_RATE = "max_flow_rate"
 
-UNIT_MILILITER = "ml"
-UNIT_MILILITERS_PER_MINUTE = "ml/min"
+UNIT_MILILITER = "mL"
+UNIT_MILILITERS_PER_MINUTE = "mL/min"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py b/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py
index 818a53c0ed..a9064eb18f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@anatoly-savchenkov"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED = "resets_required"
 CONF_ON_INCREMENT = "on_increment"
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED in config:
         return cv.only_on(
             [
@@ -60,14 +61,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED in config:
         fconfig = full_config.get()
         if not fconfig.get_config_for_path([KEY_ESP8266, CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH]):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 "'resets_required' needs 'restore_from_flash' to be enabled in the  'esp8266' configuration"
             )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if reset_count := config.get(CONF_RESETS_REQUIRED):
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(
             config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py
index 61df5f297b..040614c151 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import factory_reset_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await button.register_button(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.cpp b/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.cpp
index cd4134e9ae..bceaf6e40f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#if !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#if !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_HOST)
 
 namespace esphome::factory_reset {
 
@@ -73,4 +73,4 @@ void FactoryResetComponent::setup() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::factory_reset
 
-#endif  // !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#endif  // !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_HOST)
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.h b/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.h
index d80d2d2406..b0a899c719 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.h
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
-#if !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#if !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_HOST)
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_system.h>
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ class FactoryResetComponent final : public Component {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::factory_reset
 
-#endif  // !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#endif  // !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_HOST)
diff --git a/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py
index a384a57f80..69a635a917 100644
--- a/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART_ALERT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import factory_reset_ns
 
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp b/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
index 853bf94ffe..7dc0b5c6fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
@@ -153,11 +153,6 @@ void FanRestoreState::apply(Fan &fan) {
   fan.publish_state();
 }
 
-FanCall Fan::turn_on() { return this->make_call().set_state(true); }
-FanCall Fan::turn_off() { return this->make_call().set_state(false); }
-FanCall Fan::toggle() { return this->make_call().set_state(!this->state); }
-FanCall Fan::make_call() { return FanCall(*this); }
-
 const char *Fan::find_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode) {
   return this->find_preset_mode_(preset_mode, preset_mode ? strlen(preset_mode) : 0);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/fan.h b/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
index 3d731e6eb0..106e6e74cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ class Fan : public EntityBase {
   /// The current direction of the fan
   FanDirection direction{FanDirection::FORWARD};
 
-  FanCall turn_on();
-  FanCall turn_off();
-  FanCall toggle();
-  FanCall make_call();
+  FanCall turn_on() { return this->make_call().set_state(true); }
+  FanCall turn_off() { return this->make_call().set_state(false); }
+  FanCall toggle() { return this->make_call().set_state(!this->state); }
+  FanCall make_call() { return FanCall(*this); }
 
   /// Register a callback that will be called each time the state changes.
   template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
index a26a235da7..e2fc8578cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
 fastled_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("fastled_base")
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = light.ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def new_fastled_light(config):
+async def new_fastled_light(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp b/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp
index 0fa69a23b4..da4dbf2ed7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 #include "fastled_light.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.h b/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.h
index 1261b742a1..9f903b4530 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.h
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py b/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py
index aa2172bf88..56c1ee93fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_clockless/light.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
     Framework,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["fastled_base"]
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CHIPSETS = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate(value):
+def _validate(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value[CONF_CHIPSET] == "NEOPIXEL" and CONF_RGB_ORDER in value:
         raise cv.Invalid("NEOPIXEL doesn't support RGB order")
     return value
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fastled_base.new_fastled_light(config)
 
     rgb_order = None
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py b/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py
index e863d33846..1c6b6e7148 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_spi/light.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
     Framework,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["fastled_base"]
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fastled_base.new_fastled_light(config)
 
     rgb_order = cg.RawExpression(config.get(CONF_RGB_ORDER, "RGB"))
diff --git a/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py b/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py
index 856818280f..032d01c8e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/feedback/cover.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_OPEN_SENSOR = "open_sensor"
 CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR = "close_sensor"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ endstop_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("feedback")
 FeedbackCover = endstop_ns.class_("FeedbackCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
 
-def validate_infer_endstop(config):
+def validate_infer_endstop(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_INFER_ENDSTOP_FROM_MOVEMENT] is True:
         if config[CONF_HAS_BUILT_IN_ENDSTOP] is False:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/file/__init__.py b/esphome/components/file/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f70ffa9520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/file/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/file/image.py b/esphome/components/file/image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7cef7c754a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/file/image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import io
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError
+
+from esphome import core, external_files
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER
+from esphome.components.image import (
+    CONF_INVERT_ALPHA,
+    CONF_OPAQUE,
+    CONF_TRANSPARENCY,
+    DOMAIN,
+    IMAGE_TYPE,
+    Image_,
+    ImageEncoder,
+    add_metadata,
+    get_image_type_enum,
+    get_transparency_enum,
+    is_svg_file,
+    validate_byte_order,
+    validate_settings,
+    validate_transparency,
+    validate_type,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DITHER,
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_ICON,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PATH,
+    CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
+    CONF_RESIZE,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_URL,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SOURCE_LOCAL = "local"
+SOURCE_WEB = "web"
+
+SOURCE_MDI = "mdi"
+SOURCE_MDIL = "mdil"
+SOURCE_MEMORY = "memory"
+
+MDI_SOURCES = {
+    SOURCE_MDI: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Templarian/MaterialDesign/master/svg/",
+    SOURCE_MDIL: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pictogrammers/MaterialDesignLight/refs/heads/master/svg/",
+    SOURCE_MEMORY: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pictogrammers/Memory/refs/heads/main/src/svg/",
+}
+
+# Shared by the schema validator and the prefetch extractor so they cannot
+# drift.
+_MDI_ICON_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+$")
+
+
+def compute_local_image_path(value: str | ConfigType) -> Path:
+    url = value[CONF_URL] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
+    # Downloaded files are cached under the shared `image` domain directory so
+    # the cache location is unaffected by which platform requested the file.
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, url)
+
+
+def local_path(value: str | ConfigType) -> str:
+    value = value[CONF_PATH] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
+    return str(CORE.relative_config_path(value))
+
+
+def download_file(url: str, path: Path) -> str:
+    # The shared NETWORK_TIMEOUT applies; a per-caller timeout would be
+    # silently ignored on a per-run memo hit anyway (memos key by path).
+    external_files.download_content(url, path)
+    return str(path)
+
+
+def _gh_svg_url_path(mdi_id: str, source: str) -> tuple[str, Path]:
+    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / source
+    return MDI_SOURCES[source] + mdi_id + ".svg", base_dir / f"{mdi_id}.svg"
+
+
+def download_gh_svg(value: str | ConfigType, source: str) -> str:
+    mdi_id = value[CONF_ICON] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
+    url, path = _gh_svg_url_path(mdi_id, source)
+    return download_file(url, path)
+
+
+def download_image(value: str | ConfigType) -> str:
+    value = value[CONF_URL] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
+    return download_file(value, compute_local_image_path(value))
+
+
+def _parse_remote_shorthand(value: str) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    """Parse a string `file:` shorthand to its remote file; None if local.
+
+    Raises cv.Invalid for a malformed icon name. Shared by the schema
+    validator and the prefetch extractor so they cannot drift.
+    """
+    parts = value.strip().split(":")
+    if len(parts) == 2 and parts[0] in MDI_SOURCES:
+        if _MDI_ICON_RE.match(parts[1]) is None:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not parse mdi icon name from '{value}'.")
+        return RemoteFile(*_gh_svg_url_path(parts[1], parts[0]))
+    if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+        return RemoteFile(value, compute_local_image_path(value))
+    return None
+
+
+def _extract_file_ref(value: object) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    """Map a raw, pre-schema `file:` value to its remote file.
+
+    Returns None for local files and anything it does not recognize; the
+    schema validators stay authoritative.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return _parse_remote_shorthand(value)
+        except cv.Invalid:
+            return None
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        source = value.get(CONF_SOURCE)
+        if source == SOURCE_WEB and isinstance(url := value.get(CONF_URL), str):
+            return RemoteFile(url, compute_local_image_path(url))
+        if source in MDI_SOURCES and isinstance(icon := value.get(CONF_ICON), str):
+            return RemoteFile(*_gh_svg_url_path(icon, source))
+    return None
+
+
+def _extract_entry_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    return _extract_file_ref(entry.get(CONF_FILE))
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_entry_ref)
+
+
+def validate_file_shorthand(value: Any) -> str:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    if (remote := _parse_remote_shorthand(value)) is not None:
+        return download_file(remote.url, remote.path)
+
+    value = cv.file_(value)
+    return local_path(value)
+
+
+LOCAL_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_PATH): cv.file_,
+    },
+    local_path,
+)
+
+
+def mdi_schema(source: str) -> cv.All:
+    def validate_mdi(value: ConfigType) -> str:
+        return download_gh_svg(value, source)
+
+    return cv.All(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_ICON): cv.string,
+            }
+        ),
+        validate_mdi,
+    )
+
+
+WEB_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.string,
+    },
+    download_image,
+)
+
+
+TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
+    {
+        SOURCE_LOCAL: LOCAL_SCHEMA,
+        SOURCE_WEB: WEB_SCHEMA,
+    }
+    | {source: mdi_schema(source) for source in MDI_SOURCES},
+    key=CONF_SOURCE,
+)
+
+
+OPTIONS_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_DITHER, default="NONE"): cv.one_of(
+        "NONE", "FLOYDSTEINBERG", upper=True
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_INVERT_ALPHA, default=False): cv.boolean,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): validate_byte_order,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default=CONF_OPAQUE): validate_transparency(),
+}
+
+
+def image_schema(class_: MockObjClass = Image_) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Build the validation schema for a single file-backed image entry.
+
+    Shared by the built-in ``file`` image platform and the ``animation``
+    platform (which extends it). Platforms that source their pixels elsewhere
+    (e.g. ``online_image``) provide their own schema instead.
+
+    :param class_: The declared C++ class for the generated image instance.
+    """
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(class_),
+            cv.Required(CONF_FILE): cv.Any(validate_file_shorthand, TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_RAW_DATA_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
+            **OPTIONS_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def validate_image_final(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Per-entry final validation, shared by file-backed image platforms.
+
+    For LVGL 9 the default byte order for RGB565 images is little-endian, so
+    fill in that default when the user did not specify a byte order and warn
+    when big-endian was explicitly requested.
+    """
+    if byte_order := config.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER):
+        if byte_order == "BIG_ENDIAN":
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "The image '%s' is configured with big-endian byte order, little-endian is expected",
+                config.get(CONF_FILE),
+            )
+    else:
+        config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] = "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+
+
+async def new_image(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
+    """Generate a single file-backed ``image::Image`` instance.
+
+    Used by the built-in ``file`` platform; encodes the image data, registers
+    the C++ variable and records its metadata for other components to consume.
+    """
+    prog_arr, width, height, image_type, trans_value, _ = await write_image(config)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID], prog_arr, width, height, image_type, trans_value
+    )
+    add_metadata(
+        config[CONF_ID], width, height, config[CONF_TYPE], config[CONF_TRANSPARENCY]
+    )
+    return var
+
+
+async def write_image(
+    config: ConfigType, all_frames: bool = False
+) -> tuple[MockObj, int, int, MockObj, MockObj, int]:
+    path = Path(config[CONF_FILE])
+    if not path.is_file():
+        raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not load image file {path}")
+
+    resize = config.get(CONF_RESIZE)
+    try:
+        if is_svg_file(path):
+            import resvg_py
+
+            resize = resize or (None, None)
+            image_data = resvg_py.svg_to_bytes(
+                svg_path=str(path), width=resize[0], height=resize[1], dpi=100
+            )
+
+            # Convert bytes to Pillow Image
+            image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
+            width, height = image.size
+
+        else:
+            image = Image.open(path)
+            width, height = image.size
+            if resize:
+                # Preserve aspect ratio
+                new_width_max = min(width, resize[0])
+                new_height_max = min(height, resize[1])
+                ratio = min(new_width_max / width, new_height_max / height)
+                width, height = int(width * ratio), int(height * ratio)
+    except (OSError, UnidentifiedImageError, ValueError) as exc:
+        raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not read image file {path}: {exc}") from exc
+
+    if not resize and (width > 500 or height > 500):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            'The image "%s" you requested is very big. Please consider'
+            " using the resize parameter.",
+            path,
+        )
+
+    dither = (
+        Image.Dither.NONE
+        if config[CONF_DITHER] == "NONE"
+        else Image.Dither.FLOYDSTEINBERG
+    )
+    type = config[CONF_TYPE]
+    transparency = config.get(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, CONF_OPAQUE)
+    invert_alpha = config[CONF_INVERT_ALPHA]
+    frame_count = 1
+    if all_frames:
+        with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
+            frame_count = image.n_frames
+        if frame_count <= 1:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Image file %s has no animation frames", path)
+
+    # Encode each frame with its own encoder and concatenate. This keeps every
+    # frame self-contained on disk (e.g. RGB565+alpha emits [RGB plane | alpha plane]
+    # per frame) so animation frame stepping in image.cpp / animation.cpp stays
+    # correct without needing to know the total frame count.
+    byte_order = config.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER)
+    combined_data: list[int] = []
+    encoder: ImageEncoder | None = None
+    for frame_index in range(frame_count):
+        image.seek(frame_index)
+        encoder = IMAGE_TYPE[type](width, height, transparency, dither, invert_alpha)
+        if byte_order is not None:
+            # Check for valid type has already been done in validate_settings
+            encoder.set_big_endian(byte_order == "BIG_ENDIAN")
+        pixels = encoder.convert(image.resize((width, height)), path).getdata()
+        for row in range(height):
+            for col in range(width):
+                encoder.encode(pixels[row * width + col])
+            encoder.end_row()
+        encoder.end_image()
+        combined_data.extend(encoder.data)
+
+    rhs = [HexInt(x) for x in combined_data]
+    prog_arr = cg.progmem_array(config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)
+    image_type = get_image_type_enum(type)
+    trans_value = get_transparency_enum(encoder.transparency)
+
+    return prog_arr, width, height, image_type, trans_value, frame_count
+
+
+# The built-in static-image platform: pixels embedded at compile time from a
+# local file, a downloaded web image, or a Material Design Icon.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(image_schema(Image_), validate_settings)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_image_final
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    await new_image(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/font/__init__.py b/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
index 7510f2f8b6..918fde5dbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping
 import functools
-import hashlib
 from itertools import accumulate
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ from freetype import (
     FT_Exception,
     ft_pixel_mode_mono,
 )
-import requests
 
 from esphome import external_files
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -36,6 +34,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEIGHT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -295,45 +294,80 @@ def validate_weight_name(value):
     return FONT_WEIGHTS[cv.one_of(*FONT_WEIGHTS, lower=True, space="-")(value)]
 
 
-def _compute_local_font_path(value: dict) -> Path:
-    url = value[CONF_URL]
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    _LOGGER.debug("_compute_local_font_path: %s", base_dir / key)
-    return base_dir / key
+def _web_font_path(value: dict) -> Path:
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, value[CONF_URL]) / "font.ttf"
 
 
-def download_gfont(value):
+def _gfonts_css_url(value: dict) -> str:
+    return (
+        f"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family={value[CONF_FAMILY]}"
+        f":ital,wght@{int(value[CONF_ITALIC])},{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}"
+    )
+
+
+def _gfonts_cache_path(value: dict, suffix: str) -> Path:
+    name = f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}@{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}@{value[CONF_ITALIC]}@v1"
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / f"{name}.{suffix}"
+
+
+def _gfonts_ttf_path(value: dict) -> Path:
+    return _gfonts_cache_path(value, "ttf")
+
+
+def _gfonts_css_path(value: dict) -> Path:
+    return _gfonts_cache_path(value, "css")
+
+
+def _parse_gfonts_css(css: str) -> str | None:
+    """Extract the truetype URL from a Google Fonts CSS response."""
+    match = re.search(r"src:\s+url\((.+)\)\s+format\('truetype'\);", css)
+    return match.group(1) if match else None
+
+
+def download_gfont(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value in FONT_CACHE:
         return value
-    name = (
-        f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}:ital,wght@{int(value[CONF_ITALIC])},{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}"
-    )
-    url = f"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family={name}"
-    path = (
-        external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-        / f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}@{value[CONF_WEIGHT]}@{value[CONF_ITALIC]}@v1.ttf"
-    )
+    path = _gfonts_ttf_path(value)
     if not external_files.is_file_recent(path, value[CONF_REFRESH]):
         _LOGGER.debug("download_gfont: path=%s", path)
+        url = _gfonts_css_url(value)
+        css_path = _gfonts_css_path(value)
         try:
-            req = requests.get(url, timeout=external_files.NETWORK_TIMEOUT)
-            req.raise_for_status()
-        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            css_bytes = external_files.download_content(url, css_path)
+        except cv.Invalid as e:
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Could not download font at {url}, please check the fonts exists "
                 f"at google fonts ({e})"
             ) from e
-        match = re.search(r"src:\s+url\((.+)\)\s+format\('truetype'\);", req.text)
-        if match is None:
+        if not (
+            external_files.is_fresh_this_run(css_path) or CORE.skip_external_update
+        ):
+            # Same rule as PREFETCH_FILES stage two: a CSS body that could
+            # not be revalidated may name a rotated ttf URL. Use the cached
+            # font instead (the failed check already warned).
+            if path.exists():
+                FONT_CACHE[value] = path
+                return value
             raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Could not extract ttf file from gfonts response for {name}, "
-                f"please report this."
+                f"Could not refresh the Google Fonts CSS for "
+                f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]} and no cached font is available"
+            )
+        try:
+            css = css_bytes.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            # Do not leave an unusable body in the cache to be served again.
+            css_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Bad response from Google Fonts for {value[CONF_FAMILY]}: "
+                f"not a text document"
+            ) from e
+        ttf_url = _parse_gfonts_css(css)
+        if ttf_url is None:
+            css_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Could not extract ttf file from gfonts response for "
+                f"{value[CONF_FAMILY]}, please report this."
             )
-
-        ttf_url = match.group(1)
         _LOGGER.debug("download_gfont: ttf_url=%s", ttf_url)
 
         external_files.download_content(ttf_url, path)
@@ -344,11 +378,11 @@ def download_gfont(value):
     return value
 
 
-def download_web_font(value):
+def download_web_font(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value in FONT_CACHE:
         return value
     url = value[CONF_URL]
-    path = _compute_local_font_path(value) / "font.ttf"
+    path = _web_font_path(value)
 
     external_files.download_content(url, path)
     _LOGGER.debug("download_web_font: path=%s", path)
@@ -356,13 +390,18 @@ def download_web_font(value):
     return value
 
 
+# Shared by the schema and the prefetch extractor so they cannot drift.
+_DEFAULT_WEIGHT = "regular"
+_DEFAULT_ITALIC = False
+_DEFAULT_REFRESH = "1d"
+_WEIGHT_VALIDATOR = cv.Any(cv.int_, validate_weight_name)
+_REFRESH_VALIDATOR = cv.All(cv.string, cv.source_refresh)
+
 EXTERNAL_FONT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_WEIGHT, default="regular"): cv.Any(
-            cv.int_, validate_weight_name
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ITALIC, default=False): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH, default="1d"): cv.All(cv.string, cv.source_refresh),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WEIGHT, default=_DEFAULT_WEIGHT): _WEIGHT_VALIDATOR,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ITALIC, default=_DEFAULT_ITALIC): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH, default=_DEFAULT_REFRESH): _REFRESH_VALIDATOR,
     }
 )
 
@@ -385,36 +424,123 @@ WEB_FONT_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def validate_file_shorthand(value):
-    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+_GFONTS_SHORTHAND_RE = re.compile(r"^gfonts://([^@]+)(@.+)?$")
+
+
+def _shorthand_to_file_dict(value: str) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """Typed-dict form of a remote font shorthand.
+
+    Shared by the schema validator and the prefetch extractor so the two
+    cannot drift. Returns None for values that are not remote shorthand
+    (i.e. local paths); raises cv.Invalid for a malformed gfonts shorthand.
+    """
     if value.startswith("gfonts://"):
-        match = re.match(r"^gfonts://([^@]+)(@.+)?$", value)
-        if match is None:
+        if (match := _GFONTS_SHORTHAND_RE.match(value)) is None:
             raise cv.Invalid("Could not parse gfonts shorthand syntax, please check it")
-        family = match.group(1)
-        weight = match.group(2)
-        data = {
+        data = {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_GFONTS, CONF_FAMILY: match.group(1)}
+        if match.group(2):
+            data[CONF_WEIGHT] = match.group(2)[1:]
+        return data
+    if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+        return {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB, CONF_URL: value}
+    return None
+
+
+def _extract_remote_font(value: object) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """Map a raw, pre-schema font `file:` value to a normalized remote spec.
+
+    Read-only mirror of `validate_file_shorthand` / `TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA` for
+    the prefetch hooks; returns None for local fonts and anything it does
+    not recognize. A wrong answer only wastes or misses a prefetch, the
+    schema validators stay authoritative.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            value = _shorthand_to_file_dict(value)
+        except cv.Invalid:
+            return None
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        return None
+    font_type = value.get(CONF_TYPE)
+    if font_type == TYPE_WEB and isinstance(url := value.get(CONF_URL), str):
+        return {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB, CONF_URL: url}
+    if font_type == TYPE_GFONTS and isinstance(family := value.get(CONF_FAMILY), str):
+        try:
+            italic = cv.boolean(value.get(CONF_ITALIC, _DEFAULT_ITALIC))
+            weight = _WEIGHT_VALIDATOR(value.get(CONF_WEIGHT, _DEFAULT_WEIGHT))
+            refresh = _REFRESH_VALIDATOR(value.get(CONF_REFRESH, _DEFAULT_REFRESH))
+        except cv.Invalid:
+            return None
+        return {
             CONF_TYPE: TYPE_GFONTS,
             CONF_FAMILY: family,
+            CONF_WEIGHT: weight,
+            CONF_ITALIC: italic,
+            CONF_REFRESH: refresh,
         }
-        if weight is not None:
-            data[CONF_WEIGHT] = weight[1:]
-        return font_file_schema(data)
+    return None
 
-    if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
-        return font_file_schema(
-            {
-                CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB,
-                CONF_URL: value,
-            }
-        )
 
-    return font_file_schema(
-        {
-            CONF_TYPE: TYPE_LOCAL,
-            CONF_PATH: value,
-        }
-    )
+def _iter_remote_specs(entries: list[ConfigType]) -> Iterable[ConfigType]:
+    """Yield the remote spec of every `file:` value, including extras."""
+    for entry in entries:
+        values = [entry.get(CONF_FILE)]
+        extras = entry.get(CONF_EXTRAS)
+        if isinstance(extras, dict):
+            # The schema runs cv.ensure_list on extras, so a bare mapping
+            # is valid raw config; mirror that normalization here.
+            extras = [extras]
+        if isinstance(extras, list):
+            values.extend(
+                extra.get(CONF_FILE) for extra in extras if isinstance(extra, dict)
+            )
+        for value in values:
+            if (spec := _extract_remote_font(value)) is not None:
+                yield spec
+
+
+def PREFETCH_FILES(entries: list[ConfigType]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+    """Batch-download hook: web fonts, then Google Fonts CSS, then ttf.
+
+    Stage one fetches web fonts and the CSS of stale gfonts; stage two
+    parses the now-cached CSS for the ttf URLs it names.
+    """
+    stage1: list[RemoteFile] = []
+    # Keyed by cache path: the same font at several sizes is one download,
+    # one freshness stat, and one stage-two CSS parse.
+    stale_gfonts: dict[Path, ConfigType] = {}
+    seen_web: set[Path] = set()
+    for spec in _iter_remote_specs(entries):
+        if spec[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_WEB:
+            if (path := _web_font_path(spec)) not in seen_web:
+                seen_web.add(path)
+                stage1.append(RemoteFile(spec[CONF_URL], path))
+        elif (css_path := _gfonts_css_path(spec)) not in stale_gfonts and (
+            not external_files.is_file_recent(
+                _gfonts_ttf_path(spec), spec[CONF_REFRESH]
+            )
+        ):
+            stale_gfonts[css_path] = spec
+            stage1.append(RemoteFile(_gfonts_css_url(spec), css_path))
+    yield stage1
+
+    yield [
+        RemoteFile(ttf_url, _gfonts_ttf_path(spec))
+        for css_path, spec in stale_gfonts.items()
+        # Only trust CSS that stage one actually refreshed this run; a
+        # leftover from an earlier run may name a rotated ttf URL.
+        if external_files.is_fresh_this_run(css_path)
+        and css_path.exists()
+        and (ttf_url := _parse_gfonts_css(css_path.read_text("utf-8", "replace")))
+        is not None
+    ]
+
+
+def validate_file_shorthand(value: object) -> ConfigType:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    if (data := _shorthand_to_file_dict(value)) is None:
+        data = {CONF_TYPE: TYPE_LOCAL, CONF_PATH: value}
+    return font_file_schema(data)
 
 
 TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
diff --git a/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py b/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py
index a168a36c31..8c389a2593 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fs3000/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL, DEVICE_CLASS_WIND_SPEED, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py
index e94791da4e..3ebff693c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ft5x06/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import ft5x06_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py b/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py
index 7615b3046f..0d8537bde9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ft63x6/touchscreen.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gpambrozio"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py b/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py
index a104eafbcc..c2c41730e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -11,5 +12,5 @@ FujitsuGeneralClimate = fujitsu_general_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(FujitsuGeneralClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py
index e4de7721c6..49907443ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gcja5/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gcormier"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py
index 878f27bc44..f98af3f863 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Szewcson"]
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py
index a80487977f..14f5fa0e1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/binary_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ICON_VIBRATE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_GDK101_ID, GDK101Component
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GDK101_ID])
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config[CONF_VIBRATIONS])
     cg.add(hub.set_vibration_binary_sensor(var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py
index 6cf89e0fd4..4ed081a7be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSILVERTS_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_GDK101_ID, GDK101Component
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GDK101_ID])
 
     if radiation_dose_per_1m := config.get(CONF_RADIATION_DOSE_PER_1M):
diff --git a/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py
index 703e68493a..bdef2466df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gdk101/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_VERSION, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, ICON_CHIP
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_GDK101_ID, GDK101Component
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GDK101_ID])
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config[CONF_VERSION])
     cg.add(hub.set_fw_version_text_sensor(var))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py
index 6a8d47213c..73f7339e66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@pkejval"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
index 46725fe6dd..bd6bc5f783 100644
--- a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_VALUE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = _globals_schema
 
 # Run with low priority so that namespaces are registered first
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.LATE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     type_ = cg.RawExpression(config[CONF_TYPE])
     restore = config[CONF_RESTORE_VALUE]
 
@@ -104,7 +105,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def globals_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def globals_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     full_id, paren = await cg.get_variable_with_full_id(config[CONF_ID])
     template_arg = cg.TemplateArguments(full_id.type, *template_arg)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py b/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py
index 4ff8a38226..3121aa1de5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["output"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py
index 83859a4030..17c88b6875 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL, CONF_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@sebydocky"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py
index 5245c405db..432f387b1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_GP8403_ID, GP8403Component, gp8403_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index f14a920c24..8a40e4e732 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             # due to hardware limitations or lack of reliable interrupt support. This ensures
             # stable operation on these platforms. Future maintainers should verify platform
             # capabilities before changing this default behavior.
-            # nrf52 has no gpio interrupts implemented yet
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_USE_INTERRUPT,
                 bk72xx=False,
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 esp8266=True,
                 host=True,
                 ln882x=False,
-                nrf52=False,
-                rp2040=True,
+                nrf52=True,
+                rp2=True,
                 rtl87xx=False,
             ): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_TYPE, default="ANY"): cv.enum(
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ def _pin_shared_only_with_deep_sleep(pin_num: int) -> bool:
     return any(path and path[0] == "deep_sleep" for path, _, _ in pin_users)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     use_interrupt = config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT]
     if not use_interrupt:
-        return config
+        return
 
     # Expander pins (e.g. PCF8574, MCP23017) don't support direct interrupt
     # attachment — only internal/native GPIO pins do.
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
         )
         config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
-        return config
+        return
 
     pin_num = config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER]
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
         )
         config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
-        return config
+        return
 
     # When a pin is shared, interrupts can interfere with other components
     # (e.g., duty_cycle sensor) that need to monitor the pin's state changes.
@@ -121,13 +121,11 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                 pin_num,
             )
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -135,6 +133,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_pin(pin))
 
     if config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT]:
+        cg.add_define("USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT")
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_type(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_TYPE]))
     else:
         cg.add(var.set_use_interrupt(False))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
index ff07d76901..9d044dca2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome::gpio {
 static const char *const TAG = "gpio.binary_sensor";
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 // Interrupt type strings indexed by edge-triggered InterruptType values:
 // indices 1-3: RISING_EDGE, FALLING_EDGE, ANY_EDGE; other values (e.g. level-triggered) map to UNKNOWN (index 0).
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(InterruptTypeStrings, "UNKNOWN", "RISING_EDGE", "FALLING_EDGE", "ANY_EDGE");
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ static const LogString *gpio_mode_to_string(bool use_interrupt) {
   return use_interrupt ? LOG_STR("interrupt") : LOG_STR("polling");
 }
 #endif
+#endif
 
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 void IRAM_ATTR GPIOBinarySensorStore::gpio_intr(GPIOBinarySensorStore *arg) {
   bool new_state = arg->isr_pin_.digital_read();
   if (new_state != arg->state_) {
@@ -43,28 +46,36 @@ void GPIOBinarySensorStore::setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin, Component *component) {
   // Attach interrupt - from this point on, any changes will be caught by the interrupt
   pin->attach_interrupt(&GPIOBinarySensorStore::gpio_intr, this, this->interrupt_type_);
 }
+#endif  // USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::setup() {
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     auto *internal_pin = static_cast<InternalGPIOPin *>(this->pin_);
     this->store_.setup(internal_pin, this);
     this->publish_initial_state(this->store_.get_state());
-  } else {
-    this->pin_->setup();
-    this->publish_initial_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
+    return;
   }
+#endif
+  this->pin_->setup();
+  this->publish_initial_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
 }
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "GPIO Binary Sensor", this);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(gpio_mode_to_string(this->store_.use_interrupt_)));
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interrupt Type: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(interrupt_type_to_string(this->store_.interrupt_type_)));
   }
+#else
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Mode: polling");
+#endif
 }
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     if (this->store_.is_changed()) {
       // Clear the flag immediately to minimize the window where we might miss changes
@@ -78,9 +89,10 @@ void GPIOBinarySensor::loop() {
       // No changes, disable the loop until the next interrupt
       this->disable_loop();
     }
-  } else {
-    this->publish_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
+    return;
   }
+#endif
+  this->publish_state(this->pin_->digital_read());
 }
 
 float GPIOBinarySensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h
index 100edb4cca..956443fab5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ namespace esphome::gpio {
 // Store class for ISR data and configuration (no vtables, ISR-safe)
 class GPIOBinarySensorStore {
  public:
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   void setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin, Component *component);
 
   static void gpio_intr(GPIOBinarySensorStore *arg);
@@ -29,15 +31,18 @@ class GPIOBinarySensorStore {
     // Separate method to clear the flag
     this->changed_ = false;
   }
+#endif
 
  protected:
   friend class GPIOBinarySensor;
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   ISRInternalGPIOPin isr_pin_;
   Component *component_{nullptr};  // Pointer to the component for enable_loop_soon_any_context()
   volatile bool state_{false};
   volatile bool changed_{false};
-  bool use_interrupt_{true};
   gpio::InterruptType interrupt_type_{gpio::INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE};
+  bool use_interrupt_{true};
+#endif
 };
 
 class GPIOBinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
@@ -46,8 +51,14 @@ class GPIOBinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Compon
   // Interrupts are only detached on reboot when memory is cleared anyway.
 
   void set_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
+#ifdef USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
   void set_use_interrupt(bool use_interrupt) { this->store_.use_interrupt_ = use_interrupt; }
   void set_interrupt_type(gpio::InterruptType type) { this->store_.interrupt_type_ = type; }
+#else
+  // Polling-only build: codegen still emits set_use_interrupt(false) calls,
+  // so keep the setter as an inlined no-op instead of storing the flag.
+  void set_use_interrupt(bool /*use_interrupt*/) {}
+#endif
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
   /// Setup pin
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py
index e2bb94dd66..feb8b53dff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.one_wire import OneWireBus
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
index 1fecfbf0dd..f445efeca3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,11 @@ int HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::reset_int() {
     delayMicroseconds(1);
   }
 
-  // delay J
-  delayMicroseconds(start + 480 - micros());
+  // delay J: finish the 480us slot, but never spin if it already elapsed
+  // (unsigned wrap here would busy-wait for minutes with interrupts off)
+  uint32_t elapsed = micros() - start;
+  if (elapsed < 480)
+    delayMicroseconds(480 - elapsed);
   this->pin_.digital_write(true);
   this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
   return r ? 1 : 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py
index 786e04bac0..ab242c643f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/output/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.BINARY_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py
index 9462cd0161..2e0b0969bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INTERLOCK, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gpio_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..0c7199b6df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio_expander/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_INVERTED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def validate_interrupt_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # The expander components own INT polarity (active-low, hardcoded falling-edge ISR)
+    # and install a single ISR per GPIO, so neither inversion nor sharing is supported.
+    value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
+    if value.get(CONF_INVERTED):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_INVERTED}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
+            "the expander INT line is fixed active-low"
+        )
+    if value.get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
+            "sharing the interrupt pin between multiple components is not implemented. "
+            f"Remove the '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}' to fall back to polling."
+        )
+    return value
diff --git a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
index ab48417a4e..94a36a0afa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_GPS_ID = "gps_id"
 CONF_HDOP = "hdop"
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema("gps", require_rx=True)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py
index bdeeb86e00..faa06e6ae3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gps/time/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_GPS_ID, GPS, GPSListener, gps_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5min"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await time_.register_time(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py b/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py
index 0749d7e2a3..1b99491f9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/graph/__init__.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_X_GRID,
     CONF_Y_GRID,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@synco"]
 
@@ -115,7 +116,9 @@ GRAPH_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(config, subfolder, subschema):
+def _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(
+    config: ConfigType, subfolder: str, subschema: cv.Schema
+) -> ConfigType:
     fields = [k.schema for k in subschema.schema]
     fields.remove(CONF_ID)
     if subfolder in config:
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ def _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(config, subfolder, subschema):
     return config
 
 
-def _relocate_trace(config):
+def _relocate_trace(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return _relocate_fields_to_subfolder(config, CONF_TRACES, GRAPH_TRACE_SCHEMA)
 
 
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_duration(config[CONF_DURATION]))
     cg.add(var.set_width(config[CONF_WIDTH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py
index 56b720e75c..668a0d74d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_MENU_ITEM_VALUE = "menu_item_value"
 CONF_ON_REDRAW = "on_redraw"
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = DISPLAY_MENU_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gree/climate.py b/esphome/components/gree/climate.py
index 0892155fd2..356845a7a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gree/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gree/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import gree_ns
 
@@ -28,6 +29,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(GreeClimate).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py
index 111fea65d2..9bec3751d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gree/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_LIGHT, DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gree_ns
 from ..climate import CONF_MODEL, GreeClimate
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_model(config):
+def _validate_model(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     climate_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_GREE_ID])[:-1]
     climate_conf = full_config.get_config_for_path(climate_path)
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ def _validate_model(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_model
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_GREE_ID])
 
     for conf_key, name, bit_mask, _ in SWITCH_CONFIGS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py
index 0c35047850..da687c4cd3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@YorkshireIoT"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
index fc35271017..d2102496a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ namespace esphome::growatt_solar {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "growatt_solar";
 
-static const uint8_t MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS = 0x04;
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[] = {33, 95};  // indexed with enum GrowattProtocolVersion
 
 void GrowattSolar::loop() {
@@ -31,11 +30,12 @@ void GrowattSolar::update() {
   }
 
   this->waiting_to_update_ = false;
-  this->send(MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS, 0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[this->protocol_version_]);
+  this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT[this->protocol_version_]);
   this->last_send_ = millis();
 }
 
-void GrowattSolar::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void GrowattSolar::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   // Other components might be sending commands to our device. But we don't get called with enough
   // context to know what is what. So if we didn't do a send, we ignore the data.
   if (!this->last_send_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
index 18a7c917d5..a172f49001 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::growatt_solar {
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class GrowattSolar final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientD
  public:
   void loop() override;
   void update() override;
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_protocol_version(GrowattProtocolVersion protocol_version) { this->protocol_version_ = protocol_version; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py
index d1f0069341..2e2b218730 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/sensor.py
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("growatt_solar", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("growatt_solar", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/gsl3670/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gsl3670/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c58ce8a01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/gsl3670/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9115130f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#include "gsl3670_touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::gsl3670 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "gsl3670.touchscreen";
+static const size_t MAX_TOUCHES = 3;
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// setup() – mirrors esp_lcd_touch_gsl3670_init() in the Seeed BSP:
+//   clear_reg → reset → load_fw → startup_chip → reset → startup_chip
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up GSL3670 touchscreen...");
+
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->setup();
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+  }
+
+  if (this->x_raw_max_ == this->x_raw_min_) {
+    this->x_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_width();
+  }
+  if (this->y_raw_max_ == this->y_raw_min_) {
+    this->y_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_height();
+  }
+
+  this->clear_reg_();
+  this->reset_();
+  this->load_firmware_();
+  this->startup_chip_();
+  this->reset_();
+  this->startup_chip_();
+
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "GSL3670 initialised OK");
+}
+
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "GSL3670 Touchscreen:\n"
+                "  X-raw-max: %d\n"
+                "  Y-raw-max: %d\n",
+                this->x_raw_max_, this->y_raw_max_);
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin:     ", this->reset_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Firmware records: %zu", this->firmware_len_);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// update_touches() – mirrors esp_lcd_touch_gsl3670_read_data() in Seeed BSP
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::update_touches() {
+  uint8_t buf[44] = {};
+  auto err = this->read_register(0x80, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "I2C read failed (%d)", err);
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t finger_num = clamp_at_most(buf[0], MAX_TOUCHES);
+
+  // Build gsl_touch_info exactly as the Seeed driver does
+  for (uint8_t j = 0; j != finger_num; j++) {
+    // buf[(j+1)*4 + 0..3]:  byte0=y_lo, byte1=y_hi, byte2=x_lo, byte3=id|x_hi
+    auto x = (uint16_t) (((buf[(j + 1) * 4 + 3] & 0x0f) << 8) | buf[(j + 1) * 4 + 2]);
+    auto y = (uint16_t) ((buf[(j + 1) * 4 + 1] << 8) | buf[(j + 1) * 4 + 0]);
+    auto id = (buf[(j + 1) * 4 + 3] >> 4) & 0x0f;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch id=%u, x=%u y=%u", id, x, y);
+    if (x <= 8192 && y <= 8192)
+      this->add_raw_touch_position_(id, x, y);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// clear_reg_() – mirrors esp_lcd_touch_gsl3670_clear_reg()
+//   GPIO reset → write 0x01 to 0x88 → write 0x04 to 0xe4 → write 0x00 to 0xe0
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::clear_reg_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "clear_reg");
+
+  // GPIO reset pulse
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+    delay(1);
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    delay(5);
+  }
+
+  this->write_reg8_(0x88, 0x01);
+  // delay(5);
+  this->write_reg8_(0xe4, 0x04);
+  // delay(5);
+  this->write_reg8_(0xe0, 0x00);
+  // delay(5);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// reset_() – mirrors touch_gsl3670_reset()
+//   GPIO reset → write 0x04 to 0xe4 → write 4×0x00 to 0xbc
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::reset_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "reset");
+
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+    delay(1);
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    delay(5);
+  }
+
+  this->write_reg8_(0xe4, 0x04);
+
+  uint8_t zeros[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+  this->write_reg_(0xbc, zeros, 4);
+}
+
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::load_firmware_() {
+  if (firmware_ == nullptr || firmware_len_ == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No firmware supplied – skipping");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Loading firmware (%zu blocks)...", firmware_len_);
+
+  static constexpr size_t FW_BLK_SIZE = 128 + 4;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != this->firmware_len_; i++) {
+    auto offset = i * FW_BLK_SIZE;
+    uint8_t val = this->firmware_[offset + 0];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware address 0x%02X", val);
+    this->write_reg_(0xf0, &val, 1);
+    this->write_reg_(0, this->firmware_ + offset + 4, 128);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Firmware load complete");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// startup_chip_() – mirrors esp_lcd_touch_gsl3670_startup_chip()
+//   write 0x00 to 0xe0
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void GSL3670Touchscreen::startup_chip_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "startup_chip");
+  this->write_reg8_(0xe0, 0x00);
+  delay(5);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// I2C helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool GSL3670Touchscreen::write_reg_(uint8_t reg, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  auto err = this->write_register(reg, data, len);
+  if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "I2C write reg 0x%02X len %zu failed (%d)", reg, len, err);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool GSL3670Touchscreen::write_reg8_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t val) { return write_reg_(reg, &val, 1); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::gsl3670
diff --git a/esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.h b/esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3cce074f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::gsl3670 {
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GSL3670 touchscreen ESPHome component
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class GSL3670Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  /// Supply the firmware table (generated by codegen from the YAML)
+  void set_firmware(const uint8_t *fw, size_t len) {
+    this->firmware_ = fw;
+    this->firmware_len_ = len;
+  }
+
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { reset_pin_ = pin; }
+
+  // touchscreen::Touchscreen / Component interface
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void update_touches() override;
+
+ private:
+  // ---------- init steps (mirrors esp_lcd_touch_gsl3670_init) ----------
+  void clear_reg_();      // GPIO reset + 0x88/0xe4/0xe0 sequence
+  void reset_();          // GPIO reset + 0xe4/0xbc sequence
+  void load_firmware_();  // write GSLX670_FW table
+  void startup_chip_();   // 0x00→0xe0 + gsl_DataInit
+
+  // ---------- I2C helpers ----------
+  bool write_reg_(uint8_t reg, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  bool write_reg8_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t val);
+
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{nullptr};
+
+  const uint8_t *firmware_{nullptr};
+  size_t firmware_len_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::gsl3670
diff --git a/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py b/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..703887864b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/gsl3670/touchscreen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+"""ESPHome codegen for the gsl3670 touchscreen sub-platform."""
+
+import hashlib
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome import external_files, pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SHA256
+from esphome.components.touchscreen import (
+    CONF_X_MAX,
+    CONF_X_MIN,
+    CONF_Y_MAX,
+    CONF_Y_MIN,
+    option_with_default,
+    touchscreen_schema,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN,
+    CONF_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
+    CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_SWAP_XY,
+    CONF_URL,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["touchscreen"]
+LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DOMAIN = "gsl3670"
+
+gsl3670_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("gsl3670")
+GSL3670Touchscreen = gsl3670_ns.class_(
+    "GSL3670Touchscreen",
+    touchscreen.Touchscreen,
+    i2c.I2CDevice,
+)
+
+CONF_FIRMWARE = "firmware"
+
+# Firmware blobs are published as release assets of the companion repository
+# rather than vendored into the ESPHome source tree. The default URL/SHA-256
+# for each model point at a pinned release artifact; users may override them
+# (or supply a local file via `firmware: { file: ... }`).
+FIRMWARE_RELEASE = "v1.0.0"
+FIRMWARE_BASE_URL = f"https://github.com/esphome-libs/gsl3670-firmware/releases/download/{FIRMWARE_RELEASE}"
+
+MODELS = {
+    "SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001": {
+        CONF_SWAP_XY: True,
+        CONF_MIRROR_X: True,
+        CONF_MIRROR_Y: True,
+        CONF_X_MIN: 20,
+        CONF_Y_MIN: 20,
+        CONF_X_MAX: 872,
+        CONF_Y_MAX: 1644,
+        CONF_RESET_PIN: {"xl9535": None, "number": 14},
+        CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN: 16,
+        CONF_FIRMWARE: {
+            CONF_URL: f"{FIRMWARE_BASE_URL}/seeed-d1001-fw.bin",
+            CONF_SHA256: "2e50501ad83656fb6fa3d92591f9f31add4d442c8e8a79f29f5c4d335bd127a4",
+        },
+    },
+    "GUITION-JC8012P4A1": {
+        CONF_SWAP_XY: True,
+        CONF_MIRROR_X: True,
+        CONF_MIRROR_Y: False,
+        CONF_X_MIN: 20,
+        CONF_Y_MIN: 20,
+        CONF_X_MAX: 880,
+        CONF_Y_MAX: 1648,
+        CONF_RESET_PIN: 22,
+        CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN: 21,
+        CONF_FIRMWARE: {
+            CONF_URL: f"{FIRMWARE_BASE_URL}/seeed-d1001-fw.bin",
+            CONF_SHA256: "2e50501ad83656fb6fa3d92591f9f31add4d442c8e8a79f29f5c4d335bd127a4",
+        },
+    },
+    "CUSTOM": {},
+}
+
+_FW_BLK_SIZE = 128 + 4
+
+
+def _validate_firmware_data(data: bytes, source: str) -> None:
+    """Validate the structure of a decoded GSL3670 firmware blob."""
+    blk_cnt = len(data) // _FW_BLK_SIZE
+    if blk_cnt == 0 or blk_cnt * _FW_BLK_SIZE != len(data):
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Firmware file length is incorrect: {source}")
+    for i in range(0, len(data), _FW_BLK_SIZE):
+        if data[i] > 0xEF or data[i + 1] != 1 or data[i + 2] != 2 or data[i + 3] != 3:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Corrupted firmware at block {i // _FW_BLK_SIZE} in: {source}"
+            )
+
+
+def _cache_path(url: str) -> Path:
+    """Cache path for a downloaded firmware blob, keyed by URL."""
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, url)
+
+
+def firmware_path(firmware: dict) -> Path:
+    """Return the path the firmware bytes will be read from at codegen time."""
+    if path := firmware.get(CONF_FILE):
+        return path
+    return _cache_path(firmware[CONF_URL])
+
+
+def _validate_firmware(firmware: dict) -> dict:
+    """Require a single source, download (with caching), verify and validate."""
+    if (CONF_FILE in firmware) == (CONF_URL in firmware):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Exactly one of '{CONF_URL}' or '{CONF_FILE}' must be provided"
+        )
+
+    if path := firmware.get(CONF_FILE):
+        _validate_firmware_data(path.read_bytes(), str(path.absolute()))
+        return firmware
+
+    url = firmware[CONF_URL]
+    data = external_files.download_content(url, _cache_path(url))
+
+    if expected := firmware.get(CONF_SHA256):
+        actual = hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()
+        if actual.lower() != expected.lower():
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Firmware SHA-256 mismatch for {url}: "
+                f"expected {expected.lower()}, got {actual}",
+                [CONF_SHA256],
+            )
+    else:
+        LOGGER.warning(
+            "No SHA256 provided for gsl3670 firmware - firmware integrity can not be checked"
+        )
+    _validate_firmware_data(data, url)
+    return firmware
+
+
+FIRMWARE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_URL): cv.url,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SHA256): cv.string_strict,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FILE): cv.file_,
+        }
+    ),
+    _validate_firmware,
+)
+
+
+def _extract_firmware_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    firmware = entry.get(CONF_FIRMWARE)
+    if firmware is None:
+        model = str(entry.get(CONF_MODEL, "CUSTOM")).upper()
+        firmware = MODELS.get(model, {}).get(CONF_FIRMWARE)
+    if (
+        isinstance(firmware, dict)
+        and CONF_FILE not in firmware
+        and isinstance(url := firmware.get(CONF_URL), str)
+    ):
+        return RemoteFile(url, _cache_path(url))
+    return None
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_firmware_ref)
+
+
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    model_option = {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL, default="CUSTOM"): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True)
+    }
+    config = cv.Schema(model_option, extra=True)(config)
+    defaults = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
+    schema = (
+        touchscreen_schema(cv.UNDEFINED, False, defaults)
+        .extend(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GSL3670Touchscreen),
+                option_with_default(
+                    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, defaults
+                ): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+                option_with_default(
+                    CONF_RESET_PIN, defaults
+                ): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+                **model_option,
+                option_with_default(
+                    CONF_FIRMWARE, defaults, required=True
+                ): FIRMWARE_SCHEMA,
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x40))
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    )
+    return schema(config)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
+
+
+def _read_firmware(config: ConfigType) -> bytes:
+    path = firmware_path(config[CONF_FIRMWARE])
+    data = path.read_bytes()
+    LOGGER.info(
+        "Read gsl3670 touchscreen firmware file %s: %d bytes, %d blocks",
+        path.absolute(),
+        len(data),
+        len(data) // _FW_BLK_SIZE,
+    )
+    return data
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code generation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN in config:
+        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN])
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(pin))
+
+    if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
+        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_RESET_PIN])
+        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(pin))
+
+    #  Firmware table
+    data = _read_firmware(config)
+    fw_array = cg.progmem_array(
+        ID(config[CONF_ID].id + "_fw", type=cg.uint8), list(data)
+    )
+    cg.add(var.set_firmware(fw_array, len(data) // _FW_BLK_SIZE))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 941b7bb847..95c072977e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INDEX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gt911_ns
 from ..touchscreen import GT911ButtonListener, GT911Touchscreen
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(GT911Button).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_GT911_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
index b850eeea8b..fa929d4ba0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import gt911_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x5D))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
index 424ef46392..70ae36f528 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ async def power_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if CONF_LOGGER in full_config:
         _level = "NONE"
@@ -448,7 +448,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"No WiFi configured, if you want to use haier climate without WiFi add {CONF_WIFI_SIGNAL}: false to climate configuration"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp
index 74a218263d..294aa53b03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void HaierClimateBase::save_settings() {
 }
 
 bool HaierClimateBase::get_display_state() const {
-  return (this->display_status_ == SwitchState::ON) || (this->display_status_ == SwitchState::PENDING_ON);
+  return (this->display_status_ == SwitchState::SWITCH_ON) || (this->display_status_ == SwitchState::PENDING_ON);
 }
 
 void HaierClimateBase::set_display_state(bool state) {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void HaierClimateBase::set_display_state(bool state) {
 }
 
 bool HaierClimateBase::get_health_mode() const {
-  return (this->health_mode_ == SwitchState::ON) || (this->health_mode_ == SwitchState::PENDING_ON);
+  return (this->health_mode_ == SwitchState::SWITCH_ON) || (this->health_mode_ == SwitchState::PENDING_ON);
 }
 
 void HaierClimateBase::set_health_mode(bool state) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.h b/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.h
index 13e8d7548d..db4c1abceb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/haier_base.h
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ class HaierClimateBase : public esphome::Component,
     esphome::optional<haier_protocol::HaierMessage> message;
   };
   enum class SwitchState {
-    OFF = 0b00,
-    ON = 0b01,
+    SWITCH_OFF = 0b00,
+    SWITCH_ON = 0b01,
     PENDING_OFF = 0b10,
     PENDING_ON = 0b11,
   };
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ class HaierClimateBase : public esphome::Component,
   esphome::optional<PendingAction> action_request_;
   uint8_t fan_mode_speed_;
   uint8_t other_modes_fan_speed_;
-  SwitchState display_status_{SwitchState::ON};
-  SwitchState health_mode_{SwitchState::OFF};
+  SwitchState display_status_{SwitchState::SWITCH_ON};
+  SwitchState health_mode_{SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF};
   bool force_send_control_;
   bool forced_request_status_;
   bool reset_protocol_request_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
index f68404afd9..881a2328cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void HonClimate::set_quiet_mode_state(bool state) {
       this->quiet_mode_state_ = state ? SwitchState::PENDING_ON : SwitchState::PENDING_OFF;
       this->force_send_control_ = true;
     } else {
-      this->quiet_mode_state_ = state ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+      this->quiet_mode_state_ = state ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
     }
     this->settings_.quiet_mode_state = state;
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void HonClimate::set_quiet_mode_state(bool state) {
 }
 
 bool HonClimate::get_quiet_mode_state() const {
-  return (this->quiet_mode_state_ == SwitchState::ON) || (this->quiet_mode_state_ == SwitchState::PENDING_ON);
+  return (this->quiet_mode_state_ == SwitchState::SWITCH_ON) || (this->quiet_mode_state_ == SwitchState::PENDING_ON);
 }
 
 esphome::optional<hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode> HonClimate::get_vertical_airflow() const {
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ void HonClimate::initialization() {
   }
   this->current_vertical_swing_ = this->settings_.last_vertiacal_swing;
   this->current_horizontal_swing_ = this->settings_.last_horizontal_swing;
-  this->quiet_mode_state_ = this->settings_.quiet_mode_state ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+  this->quiet_mode_state_ = this->settings_.quiet_mode_state ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
 }
 
 haier_protocol::HaierMessage HonClimate::get_control_message() {
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError HonClimate::process_status_message_(const uint8_t *
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
     this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::INDOOR_COIL_TEMPERATURE, bd_packet->indoor_coil_temperature / 2.0 - 20);
     this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::OUTDOOR_COIL_TEMPERATURE, bd_packet->outdoor_coil_temperature - 64);
-    this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::OUTDOOR_DEFROST_TEMPERATURE, bd_packet->outdoor_coil_temperature - 64);
+    this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::OUTDOOR_DEFROST_TEMPERATURE, bd_packet->outdoor_defrost_temperature - 64);
     this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::OUTDOOR_IN_AIR_TEMPERATURE, bd_packet->outdoor_in_air_temperature - 64);
     this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::OUTDOOR_OUT_AIR_TEMPERATURE, bd_packet->outdoor_out_air_temperature - 64);
     this->update_sub_sensor_(SubSensorType::POWER, encode_uint16(bd_packet->power[0], bd_packet->power[1]));
@@ -939,14 +939,14 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError HonClimate::process_status_message_(const uint8_t *
         // AC just turned on from remote need to turn off display
         this->force_send_control_ = true;
       } else if ((((uint8_t) this->display_status_) & 0b10) == 0) {
-        this->display_status_ = disp_status ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+        this->display_status_ = disp_status ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
       }
     }
   }
   // Health mode
   if ((((uint8_t) this->health_mode_) & 0b10) == 0) {
     bool old_health_mode = this->get_health_mode();
-    this->health_mode_ = packet.control.health_mode == 1 ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+    this->health_mode_ = packet.control.health_mode == 1 ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
     should_publish = should_publish || (old_health_mode != this->get_health_mode());
   }
   {
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError HonClimate::process_status_message_(const uint8_t *
       // In proper mode and not in pending state
       bool new_quiet_mode = packet.control.quiet_mode != 0;
       if (new_quiet_mode != this->get_quiet_mode_state()) {
-        this->quiet_mode_state_ = new_quiet_mode ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+        this->quiet_mode_state_ = new_quiet_mode ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
         this->settings_.quiet_mode_state = new_quiet_mode;
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
         if (this->quiet_mode_switch_ != nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
index ba36e6a8fb..a34b4422c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class HonClimate final : public HaierClimateBase {
   esphome::optional<hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode> current_horizontal_swing_{};
   HonSettings settings_{};
   ESPPreferenceObject hon_rtc_;
-  SwitchState quiet_mode_state_{SwitchState::OFF};
+  SwitchState quiet_mode_state_{SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::haier
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
index a013371649..fdb3b779e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
@@ -464,14 +464,14 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError Smartair2Climate::process_status_message_(const uin
         // AC just turned on from remote need to turn off display
         this->force_send_control_ = true;
       } else if ((((uint8_t) this->health_mode_) & 0b10) == 0) {
-        this->display_status_ = disp_status ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+        this->display_status_ = disp_status ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
       }
     }
   }
   // Health mode
   if ((((uint8_t) this->health_mode_) & 0b10) == 0) {
     bool old_health_mode = this->get_health_mode();
-    this->health_mode_ = packet.control.health_mode == 1 ? SwitchState::ON : SwitchState::OFF;
+    this->health_mode_ = packet.control.health_mode == 1 ? SwitchState::SWITCH_ON : SwitchState::SWITCH_OFF;
     should_publish = should_publish || (old_health_mode != this->get_health_mode());
   }
   {
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py
index acff0cf265..99ffcb37af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/switch/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     for switch_type in [CONF_BEEPER, CONF_QUIET_MODE]:
         # Check switches that are only supported for HonClimate
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                 raise cv.Invalid(
                     f"{switch_type} switch is only supported for hon climate"
                 )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp
index 9257a37fd9..6af72c352b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ namespace esphome::havells_solar {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "havells_solar";
 
-static const uint8_t MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS = 0x03;
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 48;  // 48 x 16-bit registers
 
-void HavellsSolar::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void HavellsSolar::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT * 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for HavellsSolar!");
     return;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void HavellsSolar::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->dci_of_t_sensor_->publish_state(dci_of_t);
 }
 
-void HavellsSolar::update() { this->send(MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS, 0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
+void HavellsSolar::update() { this->read_holding_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
 void HavellsSolar::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "HAVELLS Solar:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h
index 02e999c56c..ed5d13b8b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h
+++ b/esphome/components/havells_solar/havells_solar.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::havells_solar {
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class HavellsSolar final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientD
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py b/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py
index d18ae0d9af..dcea1afd04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/havells_solar/sensor.py
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("havells_solar", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("havells_solar", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
index 8ea8677ba2..2cf1693b47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PRESET_MODES,
     CONF_SPEED_COUNT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import hbridge_ns
 
@@ -54,12 +57,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     maybe_simple_id({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HBridgeFan)}),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def fan_hbridge_brake_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def fan_hbridge_brake_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(
         config,
         config[CONF_SPEED_COUNT],
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py
index f9451e2594..f7866cb990 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/light/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT_ID, CONF_PIN_A, CONF_PIN_B, CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import hbridge_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_update_interval(config.pop(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL)))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py
index e26bd6b1d8..294be6ed5f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/switch/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OPTIMISTIC, CONF_PULSE_LENGTH, CONF_WAIT_TIME
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import hbridge_ns
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
index 29b428e310..616162eb40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -73,7 +76,12 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def hc8_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def hc8_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_BASELINE], args, cg.uint16)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py
index e47a88545b..b2b6dc533a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc1080/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py
index 15e19f2cc8..ad0311fb4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py
index 777fc51cba..b5388b4c2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc2080/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
index a6265b9b98..6d91c3df7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -16,6 +18,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@ HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-def heater_power_value(value):
+def heater_power_value(value: Any) -> cv.Lambda | int:
     """Accept enum names or raw uint16 values"""
     if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
         return value
@@ -119,7 +124,12 @@ HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_POWER], args, cg.uint16)
@@ -135,7 +145,12 @@ async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py b/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py
index a3a1b19f5a..4cb635b047 100644
--- a/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/he60r/cover.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import cover, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOSE_DURATION, CONF_OPEN_DURATION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 he60r_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("he60r")
 HE60rCover = he60r_ns.class_("HE60rCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
index cd1b7d2bb0..2583839ca8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VISUAL,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rob-deutsch"]
 
@@ -97,6 +98,18 @@ VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS = {
     "down": VerticalDirections.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_DOWN,
 }
 
+
+def _default_visual(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Seed the visual min/max from the required min/max_temperature so the entity
+    # reports the configured range in Home Assistant instead of the ClimateIR
+    # 0-100 default. Done during validation so the effective range is visible in
+    # the dumped config and set before new_climate_ir() reads CONF_VISUAL.
+    visual = config.setdefault(CONF_VISUAL, {})
+    visual.setdefault(CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE, config[CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE])
+    visual.setdefault(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE, config[CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE])
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HeatpumpIRClimate).extend(
         {
@@ -108,18 +121,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     cv.Any(cv.only_with_arduino, cv.only_on_esp32),
+    _default_visual,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    if CONF_VISUAL not in config:
-        config[CONF_VISUAL] = {}
-    visual = config[CONF_VISUAL]
-    if CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE not in visual:
-        visual[CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE] = config[CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE]
-    if CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE not in visual:
-        visual[CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE] = config[CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE]
     cg.add(var.set_protocol(config[CONF_PROTOCOL]))
     cg.add(var.set_horizontal_default(config[CONF_HORIZONTAL_DEFAULT]))
     cg.add(var.set_vertical_default(config[CONF_VERTICAL_DEFAULT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py
index ebdf4e8db4..15da73b79c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ HitachiClimate = hitachi_ac344_ns.class_("HitachiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HitachiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py
index fde4e77545..d2a66223b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ HitachiClimate = hitachi_ac424_ns.class_("HitachiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HitachiClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
index 7a0dc0690c..964d26dfbc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_reply_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (data[1] != HlkFm22xResult::SUCCESS) {
+  if (data[1] != HlkFm22xResult::SUCCEEDED) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command <0x%.2X> failed. Error: 0x%.2X", data[0], data[1]);
     switch (expected) {
       case HlkFm22xCommand::ENROLL:
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h
index 34246f52f0..3bdf6e2c71 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ enum HlkFm22xNoteType {
 };
 
 enum HlkFm22xResult {
-  SUCCESS = 0x00,
+  SUCCEEDED = 0x00,
   REJECTED = 0x01,
   ABORTED = 0x02,
   FAILED4_CAMERA = 0x04,
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py
index 1d793ac6b1..384477be3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hlw8012/sensor.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pulse_counter"]
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_pcnt")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py
index 846c9a398b..7b069d85d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hlw8032/sensor.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hm3301/hm3301.cpp b/esphome/components/hm3301/hm3301.cpp
index f46a6b8580..02c6e75146 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hm3301/hm3301.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hm3301/hm3301.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void HM3301Component::update() {
   int16_t aqi_value = -1;
   if (this->aqi_sensor_ != nullptr && pm_2_5_value != -1 && pm_10_0_value != -1) {
     aqi::AbstractAQICalculator *calculator = this->aqi_calculator_factory_.get_calculator(this->aqi_calc_type_);
-    aqi_value = calculator->get_aqi(pm_2_5_value, pm_10_0_value);
+    aqi_value = calculator->get_aqi(pm_2_5_value, pm_10_0_value, /*extended_range=*/false);
   }
 
   if (pm_1_0_value != -1) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py
index 9546ae1c3c..2fa82b2710 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hm3301/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ HM3301Component = hm3301_ns.class_(
 UNIT_INDEX = "index"
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_AQI in config and CONF_PM_2_5 not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("AQI sensor requires PM 2.5")
     if CONF_AQI in config and CONF_PM_10_0 not in config:
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.cpp b/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.cpp
index c113cb48a6..d8e1f059a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include "hmac_sha256.h"
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::hmac_sha256 {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.h b/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.h
index 22129b1182..74ac4c23de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hmac_sha256/hmac_sha256.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
 
 #include <string>
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py
index cf3c594f36..a2e1f8054a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -17,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -59,14 +64,16 @@ HMC5883L_RANGES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_enum(enum_values, units=None, int=True):
+def validate_enum(
+    enum_values: dict[Any, Any], units: str | list[str] | None = None, int: bool = True
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     _units = []
     if units is not None:
         _units = units if isinstance(units, list) else [units]
         _units = [str(x) for x in _units]
     enum_bound = cv.enum(enum_values, int=int)
 
-    def validate_enum_bound(value):
+    def validate_enum_bound(value: Any) -> Any:
         value = cv.string(value)
         for unit in _units:
             if value.endswith(unit):
@@ -112,7 +119,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def auto_data_rate(config):
+def auto_data_rate(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     interval_msec = config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds
     interval_hz = 1000.0 / interval_msec
     for datarate in sorted(HMC5883LDatarates.keys()):
@@ -121,7 +128,7 @@ def auto_data_rate(config):
     return HMC5883LDatarates[75]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..958b495c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import modbus
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@zweckj"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+
+CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID = "hoermann_hcp_id"
+
+hoermann_hcp_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hoermann_hcp")
+HoermannHcp = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcp", cg.PollingComponent, modbus.ModbusServerDevice
+)
+
+# The Hoermann UAP module answers on Modbus server address 2.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HoermannHcp)})
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("500ms"))
+    .extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x02, role="server"))
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = modbus.final_validate_modbus_device(
+    "hoermann_hcp", role="server"
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await modbus.register_modbus_server_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de6a161e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+CONF_IS_CONNECTED = "is_connected"
+
+HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor", binary_sensor.BinarySensor, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_CONNECTED): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY,
+                entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+            ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+        }
+    ),
+    cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_IS_CONNECTED),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if (conf := config.get(CONF_IS_CONNECTED)) is not None:
+        parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+        var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(conf, parent)
+        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edce6ce4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp.binary_sensor";
+
+void HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor::setup() {
+  // Publishing unconditionally is deliberate: the base class dedupes, and filters need every input to drive
+  // their timers.
+  this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->publish_state(this->parent_->is_valid()); });
+  this->publish_initial_state(this->parent_->is_valid());
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "Hoermann HCP Connected", this); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c111c17834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+class HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+ protected:
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc2efcec44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import button
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import ICON_AIR_FILTER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+CONF_HALF_OPEN = "half_open"
+CONF_VENT = "vent"
+
+ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT = "mdi:garage-open-variant"
+
+HoermannHcpVentButton = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_("HoermannHcpVentButton", button.Button)
+HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton", button.Button
+)
+
+BUTTON_KEYS = (CONF_VENT, CONF_HALF_OPEN)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VENT): button.button_schema(
+                HoermannHcpVentButton, icon=ICON_AIR_FILTER
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HALF_OPEN): button.button_schema(
+                HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton, icon=ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT
+            ),
+        }
+    ),
+    cv.has_at_least_one_key(*BUTTON_KEYS),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    for key in BUTTON_KEYS:
+        if (conf := config.get(key)) is not None:
+            await button.new_button(conf, parent)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9ebceee88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+// The door commands the cover has no equivalent for. A refused command is already reported by the hub and
+// leaves nothing to correct here, because a button carries no state of its own.
+class HoermannHcpButton : public button::Button {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpButton(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+ protected:
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+};
+
+class HoermannHcpVentButton final : public HoermannHcpButton {
+ public:
+  using HoermannHcpButton::HoermannHcpButton;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override { this->parent_->vent_door(); }
+};
+
+class HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton final : public HoermannHcpButton {
+ public:
+  using HoermannHcpButton::HoermannHcpButton;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override { this->parent_->half_open_door(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50deacff63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import cover
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+HoermannHcpCover = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_("HoermannHcpCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(HoermannHcpCover)
+    .extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp)})
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config, parent)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66a141758e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp_cover.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp.cover";
+
+cover::CoverTraits HoermannHcpCover::get_traits() {
+  cover::CoverTraits traits;
+  traits.set_supports_position(true);
+  traits.set_supports_stop(true);
+  traits.set_supports_toggle(true);
+  return traits;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::setup() {
+  // Nothing is published before the bus controller is heard from, and the untouched position reads as fully
+  // open, so flag the entity until the first contact clears it again.
+  this->status_set_warning("waiting for the bus controller");
+  this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->update_from_state_(); });
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::dump_config() { LOG_COVER("", "Hoermann HCP Cover", this); }
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::control(const cover::CoverCall &call) {
+  bool accepted = true;
+  if (call.get_stop())
+    accepted &= this->parent_->stop_door();
+  if (call.get_toggle().has_value())
+    accepted &= this->parent_->impulse_door();
+  if (const auto position = call.get_position())
+    accepted &= this->parent_->set_position(*position);
+  if (!accepted) {
+    // The command never reached the door, so publish the unchanged state over the one the caller assumed.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command was not accepted by the door");
+    this->publish_state(false);
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpCover::update_from_state_() {
+  if (!this->parent_->is_valid()) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    // The door can now move unheard, so drop the baseline a direction would be inferred from and stop
+    // reporting motion instead of leaving the cover travelling until the controller returns.
+    this->previous_position_ = NAN;
+    if (this->current_operation != cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE) {
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE;
+      this->publish_state();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  const auto previous_operation = this->current_operation;
+  const float current_position = this->parent_->get_current_position();
+  switch (this->parent_->get_door_state()) {
+    case DoorState::OPENING:
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING;
+      break;
+    case DoorState::CLOSING:
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
+      break;
+    case DoorState::MOVE_VENTING:
+    case DoorState::MOVE_HALF:
+      // These states carry no direction, so keep the current one until the position actually moves.
+      if (!std::isnan(this->previous_position_) && current_position != this->previous_position_) {
+        this->current_operation = current_position > this->previous_position_ ? cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING
+                                                                              : cover::COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE;
+      break;
+  }
+  this->previous_position_ = current_position;
+
+  // Compare against the position last published, which starts at COVER_OPEN rather than at zero.
+  const bool changed = this->position != current_position || previous_operation != this->current_operation;
+  this->position = current_position;
+  if (changed) {
+    // The bus reports the position on every broadcast, so nothing here is worth restoring from flash.
+    this->publish_state(false);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ba8328fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+class HoermannHcpCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpCover(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  cover::CoverTraits get_traits() override;
+  void control(const cover::CoverCall &call) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void update_from_state_();
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+  // NAN until the first position is observed, so no direction is inferred from a baseline that never existed.
+  float previous_position_{NAN};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17df927eb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp";
+
+// Hoermann HCP holding-register blocks.
+static constexpr uint16_t COMMAND_REG = 0x9C41;    // Commands written by the bus controller
+static constexpr uint16_t STATE_REG = 0x9CB9;      // Internal state read back by the bus controller
+static constexpr uint16_t BROADCAST_REG = 0x9D31;  // Door status broadcast by the bus controller
+static constexpr float CLOSE_POSITION_THRESHOLD = 0.05f;
+static constexpr float OPEN_POSITION_THRESHOLD = 0.95f;
+// Only the parity of the outstanding toggles says where the lamp is heading, so the count must not run away.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LIGHT_TOGGLES_IN_FLIGHT = 4;
+
+// Command encoding: the high byte of the first register is the phase (0x02 pressed, 0x01 released) and the
+// rest names the button - the low byte for the door commands, the second register for those that do not fit
+// there. Both halves repeat that name, so neither register is a level to hold; they carry one event each.
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_OPEN{"open", 0x0210, 0x0110};
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_CLOSE{"close", 0x0220, 0x0120};
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_IMPULSE{"impulse", 0x0240, 0x0140};
+// The intermediate positions are named in the second register, so the first only carries the phase.
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_VENT{"vent", 0x0200, 0x0100, 0x4000, 0x4000};
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_HALF_OPEN{"half open", 0x0200, 0x0100, 0x0400, 0x0400};
+// The lamp is named in the second register, but its phase bytes follow no scheme the door commands share.
+static constexpr HoermannHcpCommand COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP{"toggle light", 0x0100, 0x0800, 0x0200, 0x0200, false};
+
+// High byte of the state register and the door state it stands for. State 0x00 is decoded separately because
+// its low byte tells a plain stop from the vent position.
+struct DoorStateMapping {
+  uint8_t code;
+  DoorState state;
+};
+static constexpr DoorStateMapping DOOR_STATE_MAPPINGS[] = {
+    {0x01, DoorState::OPENING},      {0x02, DoorState::CLOSING},   {0x05, DoorState::MOVE_HALF},
+    {0x09, DoorState::MOVE_VENTING}, {0x0A, DoorState::VENT},      {0x20, DoorState::OPEN},
+    {0x40, DoorState::CLOSED},       {0x80, DoorState::HALF_OPEN},
+};
+
+// The hub rejects a reply whose register count does not match the request, so an unrecognized block length
+// is padded with zeros rather than answered with an exception that would fail the controller's whole poll.
+static void push_zeros(modbus::RegisterValues &registers, uint16_t count) {
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    registers.push_back(0x0000);
+}
+
+// True while the door is travelling. An impulse toggles the door, so it only stops one that is moving.
+static bool is_moving(DoorState state) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case DoorState::OPENING:
+    case DoorState::CLOSING:
+    case DoorState::MOVE_HALF:
+    case DoorState::MOVE_VENTING:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::update() {
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  // Time out the connection flag if the bus controller stopped polling.
+  if (this->valid_ && now - this->last_response_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_)
+    this->set_valid_(false);
+  // Status broadcasts alone keep the connection alive, so a command the controller never fetches would
+  // otherwise block every later one for as long as it keeps broadcasting.
+  if (this->next_command_ != nullptr && now - this->command_queued_at_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_) {
+    // Dropping after the press was presented leaves the door without its release value, which is worth saying
+    // apart from a command the controller never looked at.
+    if (this->command_written_at_ != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus controller stopped polling during '%s' command, dropping it mid key press",
+               this->next_command_->name);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus controller did not fetch '%s' command, dropping it", this->next_command_->name);
+    }
+    this->drop_command_();
+    // Children may have assumed the command would land, so let them re-derive from the door.
+    this->changed_ = true;
+  }
+  // A target waits for a door still travelling the other way to turn around. If it never does, the target has
+  // to go as well, otherwise it would cut a later move short. The connection timeout doubles as that window.
+  if (this->has_target_() && !this->target_started_ && now - this->target_queued_at_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Door did not start moving towards the requested position, dropping it");
+    this->clear_target_();
+  }
+  // The door took the lamp key press but never reported the lamp changing, so stop expecting it to.
+  if (this->light_toggle_released_at_ != 0 && now - this->light_toggle_released_at_ > this->connection_timeout_ms_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Door did not report the lamp changing, giving up on the toggle");
+    this->forget_light_toggles_();
+  }
+  if (this->changed_) {
+    this->changed_ = false;
+    this->state_callback_.call();
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Hoermann HCP bridge:\n"
+                "  Modbus server address: 0x%02X",
+                this->get_address());
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus HoermannHcp::on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                              modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  if (start_address != STATE_REG) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown read address 0x%04X", start_address);
+    return modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+
+  this->record_response_();
+
+  // 0x17 read half: STATE_REG is read back right after COMMAND_REG was written, so echo the stored message
+  // counter (high byte) and command (low byte). The read length identifies which internal block is requested.
+  const uint16_t counter = this->command_reg_value_ & 0xFF00;
+  const uint16_t command = static_cast<uint16_t>((this->command_reg_value_ & 0x00FF) << 8);
+
+  switch (number_of_registers) {
+    case 8:
+      // Command request: return the internal state, injecting any pending command.
+      registers.push_back(counter);
+      registers.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0001 | command));
+      this->push_command_registers_(registers);
+      push_zeros(registers, 4);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      // Empty command request.
+      registers.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0004 | counter));
+      registers.push_back(command);
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      // Bus scan (the bus controller discovering us, typically at startup).
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Bus scan received from bus controller");
+      registers.push_back(counter);
+      registers.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(0x0005 | command));
+      registers.push_back(0x0430);
+      registers.push_back(0x10FF);
+      registers.push_back(0xA845);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown read request (read %u registers)", number_of_registers);
+      push_zeros(registers, number_of_registers);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return {};
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus HoermannHcp::on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
+                                                       const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  if (start_address == COMMAND_REG) {
+    // 0x17 write half: stash the command register so the following read half can echo its message counter and
+    // command byte back from STATE_REG. The hub always runs the write before the read within one request.
+    this->record_response_();
+    this->command_reg_value_ = registers[0];
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  if (start_address != BROADCAST_REG) {
+    // Every device sees every broadcast, so a frame meant for another node is ordinary traffic
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring write to address 0x%04X", start_address);
+    return modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+
+  this->record_response_();
+
+  // Door status broadcast. The state is decoded first so that a frame reporting both a new state and a new
+  // position checks the target against the new state.
+  if (registers.size() > 2)
+    this->on_state_reg_(registers[2]);
+  if (registers.size() > 1)
+    this->on_position_reg_(registers[1]);
+  if (registers.size() > 6) {
+    this->on_light_reg_(registers[6]);
+    return {};
+  }
+  // Nothing refreshes the lamp any more, so what was read before must not be commanded against.
+  this->set_light_seen_(false);
+  if (!this->short_broadcast_logged_) {
+    this->short_broadcast_logged_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Broadcast of %u registers carries no lamp state", static_cast<unsigned>(registers.size()));
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::push_command_registers_(modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  const HoermannHcpCommand *command = this->next_command_;
+  if (command == nullptr) {
+    push_zeros(registers, 2);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->command_written_at_ == 0) {
+    // First read after the command was queued: present the "key pressed" values.
+    this->command_written_at_ = millis();
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending '%s' command to door", command->name);
+    registers.push_back(command->pressed_value);
+    registers.push_back(command->pressed_value_2);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (millis() - this->command_written_at_ <= this->key_press_delay_ms_) {
+    // Between the two events there is nothing to report, including in the second register.
+    push_zeros(registers, 2);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Enough time passed: present the "key released" values and clear the command.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Released '%s' command", command->name);
+  this->command_written_at_ = 0;
+  this->next_command_ = nullptr;
+  // A toggle whose count was already settled, by a lamp change reported from the door's side, has nothing left
+  // to wait for, so it must not re-arm the watchdog.
+  if (command == &COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP && this->light_toggles_in_flight_ != 0)
+    this->light_toggle_released_at_ = millis();
+  registers.push_back(command->released_value);
+  registers.push_back(command->released_value_2);
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::on_position_reg_(uint16_t value) {
+  // Low byte: current position.
+  const uint8_t position = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+  if (this->position_raw_ == position)
+    return;
+
+  this->position_raw_ = position;
+  this->update_current_position_();
+  // Until the door actually travels the way it was told to, its position says nothing about the target.
+  if (!this->has_target_() || !this->target_started_)
+    return;
+
+  // The door only knows "open" and "close", so a half-open target is reached by stopping it on the way.
+  const bool reached = this->target_direction_ == DoorState::OPENING
+                           ? this->current_position_ >= this->target_position_
+                           : this->current_position_ <= this->target_position_;
+  if (reached)
+    this->stop_door();
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::on_state_reg_(uint16_t value) {
+  // The low byte is part of the state for 0x00, so the whole register has to be compared, not just the high byte.
+  const uint16_t previous = this->prev_state_reg_;
+  this->prev_state_reg_ = value;
+  if (previous == value)
+    return;
+
+  const uint8_t state = value >> 8;
+  if (state == 0x00) {
+    // Low byte 0x61 marks the door resting in the vent position, anything else a plain stop.
+    this->set_door_state_((value & 0x00FF) == 0x61 ? DoorState::VENT : DoorState::STOPPED);
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const auto &mapping : DOOR_STATE_MAPPINGS) {
+    if (mapping.code == state) {
+      this->set_door_state_(mapping.state);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // The low byte can change on its own, so only report a state we cannot decode once.
+  if (state != (previous >> 8))
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown door state 0x%02X", state);
+}
+
+// Low byte of register 6: bit 0x10 is the lamp, bit 0x04 the relay. The reference implementation records
+// 0x00, 0x04, 0x10 and 0x14, so only the lamp bit decides here.
+void HoermannHcp::on_light_reg_(uint16_t value) {
+  this->set_light_seen_(true);
+  this->set_light_on_((value & 0x0010) != 0);
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::queue_command_(const HoermannHcpCommand &command) {
+  if (!this->valid_) {
+    // Queueing now would fire the command whenever the controller comes back, which may be much later.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Not connected to the bus controller, dropping '%s' command", command.name);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (this->next_command_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous command not yet fetched by the bus controller");
+    return false;
+  }
+  // A new command supersedes any half-open target the door was still travelling to.
+  if (command.clears_target)
+    this->clear_target_();
+  this->next_command_ = &command;
+  this->command_queued_at_ = millis();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::open_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_OPEN); }
+bool HoermannHcp::close_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_CLOSE); }
+bool HoermannHcp::impulse_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_IMPULSE); }
+bool HoermannHcp::vent_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_VENT); }
+bool HoermannHcp::half_open_door() { return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_HALF_OPEN); }
+bool HoermannHcp::toggle_light() {
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ >= MAX_LIGHT_TOGGLES_IN_FLIGHT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Too many lamp toggles are still waiting to be confirmed, dropping this one");
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!this->queue_command_(COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP))
+    return false;
+  this->light_toggles_in_flight_++;
+  return true;
+}
+bool HoermannHcp::is_light_toggle_pending_() const { return this->next_command_ == &COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP; }
+
+uint8_t HoermannHcp::unsent_light_toggles_() const {
+  return this->is_light_toggle_pending_() && this->command_written_at_ == 0 ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::cancel_light_toggle() {
+  // Once the pressed value has been presented the key press is already on the wire, so only an untouched
+  // command can be withdrawn.
+  if (!this->is_light_toggle_pending_() || this->command_written_at_ != 0)
+    return false;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Cancelling '%s' command the controller had not fetched", this->next_command_->name);
+  this->drop_command_();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::stop_door() {
+  if (!is_moving(this->door_state_)) {
+    this->clear_target_();
+    return true;
+  }
+  // On success queue_command_() clears the target; on refusal it stays armed so the next position retries.
+  return this->queue_command_(COMMAND_IMPULSE);
+}
+
+bool HoermannHcp::set_position(float position) {
+  // The first and last movement segments are inconsistent on some doors, so snap to fully open/closed.
+  if (position <= CLOSE_POSITION_THRESHOLD)
+    return this->close_door();
+  if (position >= OPEN_POSITION_THRESHOLD)
+    return this->open_door();
+  // Asking the door to travel to where it already is means stopping it.
+  if (position == this->current_position_)
+    return this->stop_door();
+
+  // The door itself has no notion of a target, so it is started in the right direction and stopped on the way.
+  const bool opening = position > this->current_position_;
+  if (!this->queue_command_(opening ? COMMAND_OPEN : COMMAND_CLOSE))
+    return false;
+  this->target_position_ = position;
+  this->target_queued_at_ = millis();
+  this->target_direction_ = opening ? DoorState::OPENING : DoorState::CLOSING;
+  // A door already travelling that way is on its way; one moving the other way has to turn around first.
+  this->target_started_ = this->door_state_ == this->target_direction_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::record_response_() {
+  this->last_response_ = millis();
+  this->set_valid_(true);
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_valid_(bool valid) {
+  if (this->valid_ == valid)
+    return;
+  this->valid_ = valid;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+  if (valid) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Bus controller connected");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus controller connection lost (no request for %" PRIu32 "ms)", millis() - this->last_response_);
+  // Drop what the controller never fetched, so it neither blocks later commands nor fires on reconnect.
+  this->drop_command_();
+  // The door cannot be watched while the bus is quiet, so a target left armed would stop it long afterwards.
+  this->clear_target_();
+  this->forget_light_toggles_();
+  // The lamp can be switched at the door while the bus is quiet, so what was last read is no longer trusted.
+  this->set_light_seen_(false);
+  this->short_broadcast_logged_ = false;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::drop_command_() {
+  const bool was_light_toggle = this->is_light_toggle_pending_();
+  // Cleared first so the settling below no longer counts this command among the toggles still to be sent.
+  this->next_command_ = nullptr;
+  this->command_written_at_ = 0;
+  if (was_light_toggle) {
+    // A lamp toggle says nothing about where the door was going, so it leaves the target alone.
+    this->light_toggle_settled_();
+  } else {
+    this->clear_target_();
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::light_toggle_settled_() {
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ == 0)
+    return;
+  this->light_toggles_in_flight_--;
+  // Only a toggle the door has been shown can still be confirmed, so unsent ones leave nothing to wait for.
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ == this->unsent_light_toggles_())
+    this->light_toggle_released_at_ = 0;
+  // The light was showing where the lamp was heading, so it has to be told to look again.
+  this->changed_ = true;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::forget_light_toggles_() {
+  // Nothing outstanding must always mean nothing to wait for, or the watchdog below would fire for ever.
+  this->light_toggle_released_at_ = 0;
+  // A toggle the door has not been shown yet is still going to fire, so it keeps counting.
+  const uint8_t unsent = this->unsent_light_toggles_();
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ == unsent)
+    return;
+  this->light_toggles_in_flight_ = unsent;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_door_state_(DoorState state) {
+  if (this->door_state_ == state)
+    return;
+  this->door_state_ = state;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+  this->update_current_position_();
+  if (!this->has_target_())
+    return;
+  if (state == this->target_direction_) {
+    this->target_started_ = true;
+  } else if (this->target_started_ && !is_moving(state)) {
+    // The door came to rest without reaching the target, so the request it belonged to is over.
+    this->clear_target_();
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::update_current_position_() {
+  // Doors do not always park at exactly 0 or 200, and Cover::is_fully_closed() is an exact comparison, so
+  // trust the reported end stop over the raw count.
+  float position = static_cast<float>(this->position_raw_) / 200.0f;
+  if (this->door_state_ == DoorState::CLOSED) {
+    position = 0.0f;
+  } else if (this->door_state_ == DoorState::OPEN) {
+    position = 1.0f;
+  }
+  if (this->current_position_ != position) {
+    this->current_position_ = position;
+    this->changed_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::clear_target_() {
+  this->target_position_ = 0.0f;
+  this->target_started_ = false;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_light_on_(bool on) {
+  if (this->light_on_ == on)
+    return;
+  this->light_on_ = on;
+  this->changed_ = true;
+  if (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ <= this->unsent_light_toggles_()) {
+    // The door has not been shown a toggle that could explain this, so the lamp was switched at the door.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Lamp %s at the door", ONOFF(on));
+    return;
+  }
+  // The door acted, so one of the toggles it has seen has arrived. Any others still count.
+  this->light_toggle_settled_();
+}
+
+void HoermannHcp::set_light_seen_(bool seen) {
+  if (this->light_seen_ == seen)
+    return;
+  this->light_seen_ = seen;
+  // A resting door changes nothing else, so without this the light would never hear about it.
+  this->changed_ = true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83be385c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+// Door state as reported by the Hoermann bus controller.
+enum class DoorState : uint8_t {
+  OPEN,
+  OPENING,
+  CLOSED,
+  CLOSING,
+  HALF_OPEN,
+  MOVE_VENTING,
+  VENT,
+  MOVE_HALF,
+  STOPPED,
+};
+
+// A HCP command is a simulated key press: the pressed value is presented to the bus controller, then after a
+// short delay the released value. Each half also carries a second register, which names the buttons that do
+// not fit into the first.
+struct HoermannHcpCommand {
+  const char *name;
+  uint16_t pressed_value;
+  uint16_t released_value;
+  uint16_t pressed_value_2{0x0000};
+  uint16_t released_value_2{0x0000};
+  // A door command supersedes a half-open target; the lamp has no bearing on where the door is going.
+  bool clears_target{true};
+};
+
+class HoermannHcp : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  // Registered by child entities to be notified when the door state changes.
+  template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  // Modbus server callbacks. The bus controller pushes commands and polls state with 0x17 (the hub runs the write
+  // half first, storing the command register that the read half echoes back) and broadcasts status with 0x10.
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) override;
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                   modbus::RegisterValues &registers) override;
+
+  // Positions follow the cover convention: 0.0 is fully closed, 1.0 fully open. These return false when the bus
+  // controller cannot be asked right now, so the caller can react.
+  bool open_door();
+  bool close_door();
+  bool impulse_door();
+  // The door drives to these intermediate positions on its own, so neither takes a target to be stopped at.
+  bool vent_door();
+  bool half_open_door();
+  bool stop_door();
+  bool set_position(float position);
+  bool toggle_light();
+
+  DoorState get_door_state() const { return this->door_state_; }
+  float get_current_position() const { return this->current_position_; }
+  bool is_valid() const { return this->valid_; }
+  bool is_light_on() const { return this->light_on_; }
+  // False until a broadcast has actually carried the lamp register. Bus traffic alone makes the connection
+  // valid without saying anything about the lamp, so is_light_on() would still be its default.
+  bool is_light_known() const { return this->light_seen_; }
+  // Where the lamp ends up once every toggle on its way has landed, each of which inverts it. Until then the
+  // lamp still reads as its old self, so this is what a request has to be judged against.
+  bool is_light_heading_on() const { return this->light_on_ != (this->light_toggles_in_flight_ % 2 != 0); }
+  // Drops a lamp toggle the controller has not started reading, so a reversing request cancels it outright
+  // instead of fighting it. Returns false if there is nothing to cancel.
+  bool cancel_light_toggle();
+
+ protected:
+  // True while a lamp toggle is queued but not yet fetched, so the lamp is about to invert.
+  bool is_light_toggle_pending_() const;
+  // Toggles the door has not been shown yet, which is at most the one still waiting in the command slot.
+  uint8_t unsent_light_toggles_() const;
+  void record_response_();
+  // Returns false when the bus controller has not fetched the previous command yet.
+  bool queue_command_(const HoermannHcpCommand &command);
+  // Throws away the pending command, taking any armed target with it unless the command was the lamp toggle.
+  void drop_command_();
+  // One outstanding toggle reached the lamp, was withdrawn, or was thrown away.
+  void light_toggle_settled_();
+  // Stops expecting the toggles the door has already been shown to reach the lamp.
+  void forget_light_toggles_();
+  // Appends the two key-press registers and advances the pending command's press/release state.
+  void push_command_registers_(modbus::RegisterValues &registers);
+  void on_position_reg_(uint16_t value);
+  void on_state_reg_(uint16_t value);
+  void on_light_reg_(uint16_t value);
+
+  void set_valid_(bool valid);
+  void set_door_state_(DoorState state);
+  // Recomputes the reported position from position_raw_ and the current door state.
+  void update_current_position_();
+  bool has_target_() const { return this->target_position_ != 0.0f; }
+  void clear_target_();
+  void set_light_on_(bool on);
+  void set_light_seen_(bool seen);
+
+  CallbackManager<void()> state_callback_;
+
+  float current_position_{0.0f};
+  // Position the door was told to travel to; 0.0 means no target is armed.
+  float target_position_{0.0f};
+
+  // Pending command / key-press state machine.
+  const HoermannHcpCommand *next_command_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t command_queued_at_{0};
+  // Separate from command_queued_at_ so an unrelated command cannot extend the target's start deadline.
+  uint32_t target_queued_at_{0};
+  uint32_t command_written_at_{0};
+  uint32_t last_response_{0};
+  // When the door was last handed a lamp key press. It reports the lamp a moment later, so this bounds the
+  // wait. Queueing another toggle deliberately leaves it alone, so the one already sent keeps its deadline.
+  uint32_t light_toggle_released_at_{0};
+
+  // A command is "pressed" for this long before its end value is sent.
+  uint16_t key_press_delay_ms_{100};
+  // Drop the "connected" flag if the bus controller has not polled us for this long.
+  uint16_t connection_timeout_ms_{2000};
+  // The state starts on a value the bus controller never reports, so the first broadcast is decoded even when
+  // it reads 0x0000.
+  uint16_t prev_state_reg_{0xFFFF};
+  // 0x17 write half: command register last written to COMMAND_REG. The read half echoes its high-byte message
+  // counter and low-byte command back from STATE_REG.
+  uint16_t command_reg_value_{0};
+
+  DoorState door_state_{DoorState::CLOSED};
+  // Direction the door was started in for the current target. A target armed while the door is still travelling
+  // the other way must not be judged by the reported direction until the door has turned around.
+  DoorState target_direction_{DoorState::STOPPED};
+  // Position as reported by the bus controller, 0..200 across the full travel.
+  uint8_t position_raw_{0};
+  uint8_t light_toggles_in_flight_{0};
+  bool target_started_{false};
+  bool valid_{false};
+  bool changed_{false};
+  bool light_on_{false};
+  bool light_seen_{false};
+  bool short_broadcast_logged_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e895115db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import light
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
+
+HoermannHcpLight = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
+    "HoermannHcpLight", light.LightOutput, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    light.light_schema(HoermannHcpLight, light.LightType.BINARY)
+    .extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp)})
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    var = await light.new_light(config, parent)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.cpp b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3d784928d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "hoermann_hcp_light.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hoermann_hcp.light";
+
+light::LightTraits HoermannHcpLight::get_traits() {
+  auto traits = light::LightTraits();
+  traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::ON_OFF});
+  return traits;
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::setup() {
+  // Nothing is known about the lamp until the bus controller is heard from, so flag the entity until then.
+  this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("waiting for the bus controller"));
+  this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->update_from_state_(); });
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::setup_state(light::LightState *state) { this->light_state_ = state; }
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
+  bool binary;
+  state->current_values_as_binary(&binary);
+  // A publish of ours only reaches write_state() a loop pass later, by which time the lamp may have moved on,
+  // so it is recognised by the value it carried rather than by the current one.
+  const optional<bool> published = this->published_state_;
+  this->published_state_.reset();
+  // LightState::setup() always performs a call, so the very first write here is the restored state coming back
+  // rather than a request.
+  const bool restored = !this->boot_replay_done_;
+  this->boot_replay_done_ = true;
+  const bool heading_on = this->parent_->is_light_heading_on();
+  if (binary == heading_on)
+    return;
+  if (restored) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring the restored state, the door decides what the lamp is doing");
+  } else if (published != binary) {
+    if (!this->parent_->is_light_known()) {
+      // Commanding a lamp that has not been read could switch off one that is already on.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Door has not reported the lamp yet, ignoring the requested state");
+    } else if (this->parent_->cancel_light_toggle() || this->parent_->toggle_light()) {
+      // A toggle the controller has not fetched is withdrawn outright rather than fought with a second one.
+      return;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Light command was not accepted by the door");
+    }
+  }
+  // Nothing was sent, so the entity has to go back to showing the lamp rather than the request.
+  this->publish_lamp_state_(heading_on);
+}
+
+void HoermannHcpLight::update_from_state_() {
+  if (this->light_state_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  if (!this->parent_->is_valid()) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("bus controller not responding"));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->parent_->is_light_known()) {
+    // Commands are refused until the door says, so say so rather than looking healthy and doing nothing.
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("door has not reported the lamp"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  const bool heading_on = this->parent_->is_light_heading_on();
+  if (this->light_state_->remote_values.is_on() != heading_on)
+    this->publish_lamp_state_(heading_on);
+}
+
+// Re-enters write_state() a loop pass later, where published_state_ marks the write as ours.
+void HoermannHcpLight::publish_lamp_state_(bool on) {
+  this->published_state_ = on;
+  auto call = this->light_state_->make_call();
+  call.set_state(on);
+  // The bus reports the lamp on every broadcast, so nothing here is worth restoring from flash.
+  call.set_save(false);
+  call.perform();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82b12cb791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
+
+class HoermannHcpLight : public light::LightOutput, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit HoermannHcpLight(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void setup_state(light::LightState *state) override;
+  light::LightTraits get_traits() override;
+  void write_state(light::LightState *state) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void update_from_state_();
+  void publish_lamp_state_(bool on);
+
+  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
+  light::LightState *light_state_{nullptr};
+  // Value last published and not yet seen come back, so the write carrying it is that publish, not a request.
+  optional<bool> published_state_;
+  // Set by the first write_state(), which is always the restored state replayed on boot.
+  bool boot_replay_done_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py
index 7b23775b47..1b66842f1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ATTRIBUTE, CONF_ENTITY_ID, CONF_INTERNAL
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@esphome/core"]
 homeassistant_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("homeassistant")
 
 
-def validate_entity_domain(platform, supported_domains):
-    def validator(config):
+def validate_entity_domain(
+    platform: str, supported_domains: Iterable[str]
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         domain = config[CONF_ENTITY_ID].split(".", 1)[0]
         if domain not in supported_domains:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config):
+def setup_home_assistant_entity(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_entity_id(config[CONF_ENTITY_ID]))
     if CONF_ATTRIBUTE in config:
         cg.add(var.set_attribute(config[CONF_ATTRIBUTE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index a943368dd7..6ea17b6831 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_SCHEMA,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(HomeassistantBinarySensor).ex
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
index 8f760772c3..ab1389e13a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     var = await number.new_number(
         config,
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py
index 6437476827..abee957fda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_SCHEMA,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(HomeassistantSensor, accuracy_decimals=1).e
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py
index c299a731f2..55854cd659 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA,
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py
index b59f9d23df..265250c695 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_SCHEMA,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(HomeassistantTextSensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     setup_home_assistant_entity(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py
index 05ca86a26e..146b8278ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/time/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TIMEZONE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import homeassistant_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await time_.register_time(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py
index 93ae2b6056..5250e1c1c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py
index 25d03d31a6..4b116f0f16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@RubyBailey"]
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py
index 2708e5d423..299acd4b52 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/__init__.py b/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
index 50deb1acf6..401bba5118 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ThreadModel,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import KEY_HOST
 
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["network", "preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 
 
-def set_core_data(config):
+def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_HOST] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_HOST
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] = "host"
@@ -35,13 +37,16 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, default="98:35:69:ab:f6:79"): cv.mac_address,
         }
     ),
+    cv.require_platformio_toolchain("host"),
     set_core_data,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_HOST")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
+    # The prefs file finds stored preferences by key, so key migration is possible
+    cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP")
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS", config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].parts)
     cg.add_build_flag("-std=gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", "host")
@@ -49,3 +54,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("platform", "platformio/native")
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_compat_mode", "strict")
+    cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["pre:ccache.py"])
+
+
+# Called by writer.py
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    copy_ccache_script()
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/gpio.py b/esphome/components/host/gpio.py
index fcfb0b6c54..e39d35d077 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/gpio.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLDOWN,
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import host_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 HostGPIOPin = host_ns.class_("HostGPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
 
 
-def _translate_pin(value):
+def _translate_pin(value: Any) -> int | str:
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def validate_gpio_pin(value: Any) -> int | str:
     return _translate_pin(value)
 
 
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ HOST_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("host", HOST_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def host_pin_to_code(config):
+async def host_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
index 7e8849b3e1..7274d9de57 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ bool Mutex::try_lock() { return static_cast<std::mutex *>(handle_)->try_lock();
 void Mutex::unlock() { static_cast<std::mutex *>(handle_)->unlock(); }
 
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
-  static const uint8_t esphome_host_mac_address[6] = USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS;
+  static const uint8_t esphome_host_mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS;
   memcpy(mac, esphome_host_mac_address, sizeof(esphome_host_mac_address));
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/preferences.h b/esphome/components/host/preferences.h
index 5f723e0675..b591fa0aab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/host/preferences.h
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class HostPreferences final : public PreferencesMixin<HostPreferences> {
     return true;
   }
 
+  /// One-shot read of a stored preference by key, without allocating a backend
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return this->load(type, data, len); }
+
   bool load(uint32_t key, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     if (len > 255)
       return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py
index d9a2f1207c..6eb0cf954d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/time/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await time_.register_time(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py
index d335d76dfa..e4daacd869 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/sensor.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@netmikey"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 ).extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py
index 17ae3a3d1b..bf9fe4000e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Stock-M"]
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
index fd033dac7f..de35d52a40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -16,12 +17,16 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_URL,
     CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
     PlatformFramework,
     __version__,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, Lambda
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, Lambda, TimePeriodMilliseconds
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import IS_MACOS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["json", "watchdog"]
@@ -63,17 +68,17 @@ CONF_BODY = "body"
 CONF_JSON = "json"
 
 
-def validate_url(value):
+def validate_url(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.url(value)
     if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
         return value
     raise cv.Invalid("URL must start with 'http://' or 'https://'")
 
 
-def validate_ssl_verification(config):
+def validate_ssl_verification(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     error_message = ""
 
-    if CORE.is_rp2040 and config[CONF_VERIFY_SSL]:
+    if CORE.is_rp2 and config[CONF_VERIFY_SSL]:
         error_message = "ESPHome does not support certificate verification on RP2040"
 
     if (
@@ -91,12 +96,40 @@ def validate_ssl_verification(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _declare_request_class(value):
+# esp_http_client_open() runs DNS, TCP connect and the TLS handshake with no
+# watchdog feed in between; each can take up to `timeout` on ESP-IDF.
+WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MULTIPLIER = 3
+# Headroom over the exact worst case so a fully stalled open does not land on
+# the watchdog deadline.
+WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MARGIN_MS = 1000
+
+
+def default_watchdog_timeout(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Arm the request watchdog on ESP32 when the user did not set it.
+
+    The default never goes below the platform task watchdog, so a user who
+    widened `esp32.watchdog_timeout` keeps that window during requests.
+    """
+    if not CORE.is_esp32 or CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT in config:
+        return
+    derived_ms = (
+        config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds * WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MULTIPLIER
+        + WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MARGIN_MS
+    )
+    platform_ms = fv.full_config.get()[PLATFORM_ESP32][
+        CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT
+    ].total_milliseconds
+    config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT] = TimePeriodMilliseconds(
+        milliseconds=max(derived_ms, platform_ms)
+    )
+
+
+def _declare_request_class(value: Any) -> ID:
     if CORE.is_host:
         return cv.declare_id(HttpRequestHost)(value)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.declare_id(HttpRequestIDF)(value)
-    if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2:
         return cv.declare_id(HttpRequestArduino)(value)
     return NotImplementedError
 
@@ -118,7 +151,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VERIFY_SSL, default=True): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT): cv.All(
-                cv.Any(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.only_on_rp2040),
+                cv.Any(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.only_on_rp2),
                 cv.positive_not_null_time_period,
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             ),
@@ -144,14 +177,16 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(2, 5, 1),
         esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
         esp_idf=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-        rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+        rp2_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
         host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
     ),
     validate_ssl_verification,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = default_watchdog_timeout
 
-async def to_code(config):
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_useragent(config[CONF_USERAGENT]))
@@ -167,8 +202,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_watchdog_timeout(timeout_ms))
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
+        # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time).
+        # esp-tls is re-enabled too because http_request includes <esp_tls.h>
+        # directly and esp_http_client only pulls it in as a private dependency.
         esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+        esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
 
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_size_rx(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_RX]))
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_size_tx(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_TX]))
@@ -190,9 +228,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 #     framework:
                 #       advanced:
                 #         use_full_certificate_bundle: true
-                esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-                    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True
-                )
+                esp32.require_certificate_bundle()
 
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
             "CONFIG_ESP_TLS_INSECURE",
@@ -204,7 +240,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
     if CORE.is_esp8266:
         cg.add_library("ESP8266HTTPClient", None)
-    if CORE.is_rp2040 and CORE.using_arduino:
+    if CORE.is_rp2 and CORE.using_arduino:
         cg.add_library("HTTPClient", None)
     if CORE.is_host:
         if IS_MACOS:
@@ -298,7 +334,12 @@ HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA = HTTP_REQUEST_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
     HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def http_request_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -368,7 +409,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         "http_request_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
         "http_request_arduino.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
index 5025a5c12d..4471dffdc2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
@@ -488,10 +488,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction final : public Action<Ts...
       body = this->body_.value(x...);
     }
     if (!this->json_.empty()) {
-      body = json::build_json([this, x...](JsonObject root) { this->encode_json_(x..., root); });
+      body = json::build_json([this, x...](JsonObject root) mutable { this->encode_json_(x..., root); });
     }
     if (this->json_func_ != nullptr) {
-      body = json::build_json([this, x...](JsonObject root) { this->json_func_(x..., root); });
+      body = json::build_json([this, x...](JsonObject root) mutable { this->json_func_(x..., root); });
     }
     std::vector<Header> request_headers;
     request_headers.reserve(this->request_headers_.size());
@@ -510,9 +510,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction final : public Action<Ts...
       return;
     }
 
-    size_t max_length = this->max_response_buffer_size_;
 #ifdef USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
     if (this->capture_response_.value(x...)) {
+      size_t max_length = this->max_response_buffer_size_;
       std::string response_body;
       RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
       uint8_t *buf = allocator.allocate(max_length);
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index bb5e9427dd..43ab2e5b53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "http_request_arduino.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "http_request.arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "http_request";
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 // ESP8266 Arduino core (WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.cpp) returns -1000 on OOM
 static constexpr int ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM = -1000;
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
 
   bool status = container->client_.begin(*stream_ptr, url.c_str());
 
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
   if (secure) {
     container->client_.setInsecure();
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
index 8da40798ec..028b9f44a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "http_request.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
-#if defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_RP2)
 #include <HTTPClient.h>
 #include <WiFiClient.h>
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
index 85c6e8b3c7..cf231e20bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "http_request.host";
+static const char *const TAG = "http_request";
 
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                         const std::string &body,
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
index 3e341395a4..10313be89d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
@@ -16,14 +16,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "http_request.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "http_request";
 static constexpr uint32_t ERROR_DURATION_MS = 1000;
 
-struct UserData {
-  const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers;
-  std::vector<Header> &response_headers;
-};
-
 void HttpRequestIDF::dump_config() {
   HttpRequestComponent::dump_config();
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
@@ -34,15 +29,15 @@ void HttpRequestIDF::dump_config() {
 }
 
 esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
-  UserData *user_data = (UserData *) evt->user_data;
+  auto *container = (HttpContainerIDF *) evt->user_data;
 
   switch (evt->event_id) {
     case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER: {
       const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(evt->header_key);  // NOLINT
-      if (should_collect_header(user_data->lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
+      if (should_collect_header(container->collect_headers_, header_name)) {
         const std::string header_value = evt->header_value;
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());
-        user_data->response_headers.push_back({header_name, header_value});
+        container->response_headers_.push_back({header_name, header_value});
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -124,8 +119,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
 
   container->set_secure(secure);
 
-  auto user_data = UserData{lower_case_collect_headers, container->response_headers_};
-  esp_http_client_set_user_data(client, static_cast<void *>(&user_data));
+  container->collect_headers_ = lower_case_collect_headers;
+  esp_http_client_set_user_data(client, static_cast<void *>(container.get()));
 
   for (const auto &header : request_headers) {
     esp_http_client_set_header(client, header.name.c_str(), header.value.c_str());
@@ -147,12 +142,13 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
     const char *buf = body.c_str();
     while (write_left > 0) {
       int written = esp_http_client_write(client, buf + write_index, write_left);
-      if (written < 0) {
+      if (written <= 0) {
         err = ESP_FAIL;
         break;
       }
       write_left -= written;
       write_index += written;
+      container->feed_wdt();
     }
   }
 
@@ -201,6 +197,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
       }
 
       container->feed_wdt();
+      // IDF is the only backend reusing the container across redirect hops;
+      // drop the previous hop's headers (Arduino/host collect only the final response)
+      container->response_headers_.clear();
       container->content_length = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(client);
       container->set_chunked(esp_http_client_is_chunked_response(client));
       container->feed_wdt();
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
index 8a803b5469..16a5b6a161 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ class HttpContainerIDF : public HttpContainer {
  protected:
   friend class HttpRequestIDF;
   esp_http_client_handle_t client_;
+  // Owned copy (not a reference): must outlive perform() for the response-header event handler
+  std::vector<std::string> collect_headers_;
 };
 
 class HttpRequestIDF final : public HttpRequestComponent {
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
index 1bb54599dc..784e4ee47a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.ota import BASE_OTA_SCHEMA, OTAComponent, ota_to_code
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_URL, CONF_USERNAME
-from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import ID, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent, http_request_ns
 
@@ -36,13 +38,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(2, 5, 1),
         esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
         esp_idf=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-        rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+        rp2_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
     ),
 )
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ota_to_code(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -72,7 +74,12 @@ OTA_HTTP_REQUEST_FLASH_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     OTA_HTTP_REQUEST_FLASH_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ota_http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ota_http_request_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
index 8893b96c65..7e7594c3c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ void OtaHttpRequestComponent::flash() {
   }
 }
 
-void OtaHttpRequestComponent::cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container) {
-  if (this->update_started_) {
+void OtaHttpRequestComponent::cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container,
+                                       bool abort_backend) {
+  if (abort_backend) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Aborting OTA backend");
     backend->abort();
   }
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   auto error_code = backend->begin(container->content_length);
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "backend->begin error: %d", error_code);
-    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+    // Nothing to abort: begin() failed, so no OTA handle was opened
+    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/false);
     return error_code;
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
       } else {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading data: %d", bufsize_or_error);
       }
-      this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+      this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
       return OTA_CONNECTION_ERROR;
     }
 
@@ -150,14 +152,13 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
       md5_receive.add(buf, bufsize_or_error);
 
       // write bytes to OTA backend
-      this->update_started_ = true;
       error_code = backend->write(buf, bufsize_or_error);
       if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
         // error code explanation available at
         // https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error code (%02X) writing binary data to flash at offset %d and size %d", error_code,
                  container->get_bytes_read() - bufsize_or_error, container->content_length);
-        this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+        this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
         return error_code;
       }
     }
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   this->md5_computed_ = md5_receive_str;
   if (strncmp(this->md5_computed_.c_str(), this->md5_expected_.c_str(), MD5_SIZE) != 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "MD5 computed: %s - Aborting due to MD5 mismatch", this->md5_computed_.c_str());
-    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
     return ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH;
   } else {
     backend->set_update_md5(md5_receive_str);
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   error_code = backend->end();
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error ending update! error_code: %d", error_code);
-    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+    this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container, /*abort_backend=*/true);
     return error_code;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
index a706331d9a..9bb748f175 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class OtaHttpRequestComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<
   void flash();
 
  protected:
-  void cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container);
+  void cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container, bool abort_backend);
   uint8_t do_ota_();
   std::string get_url_with_auth_(const std::string &url);
   bool http_get_md5_();
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ class OtaHttpRequestComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<
   std::string username_{};
   std::string url_{};
   int status_ = -1;
-  bool update_started_ = false;
   static const uint16_t HTTP_RECV_BUFFER = 256;  // the firmware GET chunk size
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py
index d84d80109a..4bdc30e4cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ota, update
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SOURCE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent, http_request_ns
 from ..ota import OtaHttpRequestComponent
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await update.new_update(config)
     ota_parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_OTA_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_ota_parent(ota_parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
index 8808dc70f5..86dca77725 100644
--- a/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_EMPTY,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -95,7 +98,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_heater_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_heater_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     level_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -115,7 +123,12 @@ async def set_heater_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_heater_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_heater_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     status_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATUS], args, cg.bool_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py
index 638a8d77c5..8960759d9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/htu31d/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py
index 52f8864c60..818ee732a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hub75/boards/__init__.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class BoardConfig:
     # Derived field for pin lookup
     pins: dict[str, int | None] = field(default_factory=dict, init=False, repr=False)
 
-    def __post_init__(self):
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         """Initialize derived fields and register board."""
         self.name = self.name.lower()
         self.pins = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hub75/display.py b/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
index a404fbbade..3522acf049 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ SCAN_WIRINGS = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_scan_wiring(value):
+def _validate_scan_wiring(value: Any) -> str:
     """Validate scan_wiring against the allowed names."""
     value = cv.string(value).upper().replace(" ", "_")
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def _validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Validate requirements when using HUB75 display."""
     # Local imports to avoid circular dependencies
     from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
@@ -381,8 +381,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if errs:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errs)
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(_final_validate)
 
@@ -479,7 +477,7 @@ def _build_pins_struct(
 ) -> cg.StructInitializer:
     """Build Hub75Pins struct from pin expressions."""
 
-    def pin_cast(pin):
+    def pin_cast(pin: Any) -> cg.RawExpression:
         return cg.RawExpression(f"static_cast<int8_t>({pin.get_pin()})")
 
     return cg.StructInitializer(
diff --git a/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py
index a5d11e9241..2739589c66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hx711/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_GAIN, ICON_SCALE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 hx711_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hx711")
 HX711Sensor = hx711_ns.class_("HX711Sensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py
index f899ce71ce..193db9b20d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, DEVICE_CLASS_COLD, DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import HydreonRGxxComponent, hydreon_rgxx_ns
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     main_sensor = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HYDREON_RGXX_ID])
     bin_component = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], main_sensor)
     await cg.register_component(bin_component, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py
index fdb606182f..58e72571ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import HydreonRGxxComponent, RG15Resolution, RGModel
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ PROTOCOL_NAMES = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     for conf, models in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS.items():
         if conf in config and config[CONF_MODEL] not in models:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py
index bf37646d4f..3f006a65fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
index eec2211a96..b053125446 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import re
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -49,12 +50,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -96,13 +98,13 @@ CONF_SCL_PULLUP_ENABLED = "scl_pullup_enabled"
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 
-def validate_device(value):
+def validate_device(value: str) -> str:
     if not re.match(r"^/(?:[^/]+/)*[^/]+$", value):
         raise cv.Invalid("Device must be an absolute device path (e.g., /dev/i2c-0)")
     return value
 
 
-def _bus_declare_type(value):
+def _bus_declare_type(value: Any) -> ID:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.declare_id(IDFI2CBus)(value)
     if CORE.using_arduino:
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ def _bus_declare_type(value):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin):
+def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin: int) -> int:
     """Return the I2C controller number (0 or 1) for a given RP2040/RP2350 GPIO pin.
 
     See RP2040 datasheet Table 2 (section 1.4.3, "GPIO Functions"):
@@ -125,12 +127,12 @@ def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin):
     return (pin // 2) % 2
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.require_framework_version(
             esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 4, 2), esp32_arduino=cv.Version(3, 2, 1)
         )(config)
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
         sda_controller = _rp2040_i2c_controller(config[CONF_SDA])
         scl_controller = _rp2040_i2c_controller(config[CONF_SCL])
         if sda_controller != scl_controller:
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ def validate_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_host_config(config):
+def validate_host_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.is_host:
         # Host I2C is currently only supported on Linux
         if not sys.platform.lower().startswith("linux"):
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_SDA,
                 esp32="SDA",
                 esp8266="SDA",
-                rp2040="SDA",
+                rp2="SDA",
                 nrf52="SDA",
             ): pins.internal_gpio_pin_number,
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_SDA_PULLUP_ENABLED, esp32=True): cv.All(
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_SCL,
                 esp32="SCL",
                 esp8266="SCL",
-                rp2040="SCL",
+                rp2="SCL",
                 nrf52="SCL",
             ): pins.internal_gpio_pin_number,
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_SCL_PULLUP_ENABLED, esp32=True): cv.All(
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_FREQUENCY,
                 esp32="50kHz",
                 esp8266="50kHz",
-                rp2040="50kHz",
+                rp2="50kHz",
                 nrf52="100kHz",
                 host="50kHz",
             ): cv.All(
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         [
             PLATFORM_ESP32,
             PLATFORM_ESP8266,
-            PLATFORM_RP2040,
+            PLATFORM_RP2,
             PLATFORM_NRF52,
             PLATFORM_HOST,
         ]
@@ -229,11 +231,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_I2C]
     if CORE.using_zephyr and len(full_config) > 1:
         raise cv.Invalid("Second i2c is not implemented on Zephyr yet")
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
         if len(full_config) > 2:
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 "The maximum number of I2C interfaces for RP2040/RP2350 is 2"
@@ -281,9 +283,14 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.BUS)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(i2c_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_I2C")
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
+
+        # Re-enable the I2C driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_i2c")
     if CORE.is_host:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -353,7 +360,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(var.set_lp_mode(bool(config[CONF_LOW_POWER_MODE])))
 
 
-def i2c_device_schema(default_address):
+def i2c_device_schema(default_address: int | None) -> cv.Schema:
     """Create a schema for a i2c device.
 
     :param default_address: The default address of the i2c device, can be None to represent
@@ -370,7 +377,7 @@ def i2c_device_schema(default_address):
     return cv.Schema(schema)
 
 
-async def register_i2c_device(var, config):
+async def register_i2c_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an i2c device with the given config.
 
     Sets the i2c bus to use and the i2c address.
@@ -385,11 +392,11 @@ async def register_i2c_device(var, config):
 def final_validate_device_schema(
     name: str,
     *,
-    min_frequency: cv.frequency = None,
-    max_frequency: cv.frequency = None,
-    min_timeout: cv.time_period = None,
-    max_timeout: cv.time_period = None,
-):
+    min_frequency: Any = None,
+    max_frequency: Any = None,
+    min_timeout: Any = None,
+    max_timeout: Any = None,
+) -> cv.Schema:
     hub_schema = {}
     if (min_frequency is not None) and (max_frequency is not None):
         hub_schema[cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY)] = cv.Range(
@@ -443,7 +450,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "i2c_bus_arduino.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
index 47a06abe9e..39a6aec774 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 #include "i2c_bus_arduino.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 // Maximum bytes to log in hex format (truncates larger transfers)
 static constexpr size_t I2C_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 32;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::setup() {
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266)
   wire_ = new TwoWire();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
   // Select Wire instance based on pin assignment, not definition order.
   // I2C controller = (gpio / 2) % 2: even pairs (0-1,4-5,...) → I2C0, odd pairs (2-3,6-7,...) → I2C1
   // RP2040 datasheet Table 2 (section 1.4.3): https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::setup() {
 }
 
 void ArduinoI2CBus::set_pins_and_clock_() {
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   wire_->setSDA(this->sda_pin_);
   wire_->setSCL(this->scl_pin_);
   wire_->begin();
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::set_pins_and_clock_() {
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266)
     // https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/master/libraries/Wire/Wire.h
     wire_->setClockStretchLimit(timeout_);  // unit: us
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
     // https://github.com/earlephilhower/ArduinoCore-API/blob/e37df85425e0ac020bfad226d927f9b00d2e0fb7/api/Stream.h
     wire_->setTimeout(timeout_ / 1000);  // unit: ms
 #endif
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::dump_config() {
   if (timeout_ > 0) {
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266)
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Timeout: %u us", this->timeout_);
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Timeout: %u ms", this->timeout_ / 1000);
 #endif
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h
index ded28dd80c..71e91e770b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 #include <Wire.h>
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
index 4aca4f0fae..7ca9537e2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 // Maximum bytes to log in hex format (truncates larger transfers)
 static constexpr size_t I2C_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 32;
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp
index 17279fda50..303944636b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.host";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 HostI2CBus::~HostI2CBus() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ != -1) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp
index 1eb9944dcb..ffdd2ba8bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::i2c {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "i2c.zephyr";
+static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
 static const char *get_speed(uint32_t dev_config) {
   switch (I2C_SPEED_GET(dev_config)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py
index 531c363bd1..f890fefdb9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c_device/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gabest11"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(None))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
index 8e432695a1..c5e82beb46 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
 from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 CONF_PDM = "pdm"
+CONF_PDM_DSR = "pdm_dsr"
 CONF_ADC_TYPE = "adc_type"
 
 CONF_I2S_DOUT_PIN = "i2s_dout_pin"
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ I2S_MCLK_MULTIPLE = {
 _validate_bits = cv.float_with_unit("bits", "bit")
 
 
-def validate_mclk_divisible_by_3(config):
+def validate_mclk_divisible_by_3(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] == 24 and config[CONF_MCLK_MULTIPLE] % 3 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"{CONF_MCLK_MULTIPLE} must be divisible by 3 when bits per sample is 24"
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ def i2s_audio_component_schema(
     default_sample_rate: int,
     default_channel: str,
     default_bits_per_sample: str,
-):
+) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ def i2s_audio_component_schema(
     )
 
 
-async def register_i2s_audio_component(var, config):
+async def register_i2s_audio_component(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_I2S_AUDIO_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_i2s_role(I2S_ROLE_OPTIONS[config[CONF_I2S_MODE]]))
     slot_mode = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ def _assign_ports() -> None:
             next_port += 1
 
 
-def _final_validate(_):
+def _final_validate(_: ConfigType) -> None:
     i2s_audio_configs = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_I2S_AUDIO]
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant not in I2S_PORTS:
@@ -274,7 +276,7 @@ def _final_validate(_):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
index 1392d1d4ec..c217317237 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_ADC_TYPE,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ from .. import (
     CONF_LEFT,
     CONF_MONO,
     CONF_PDM,
+    CONF_PDM_DSR,
     CONF_RIGHT,
     I2SAudioIn,
     i2s_audio_component_schema,
@@ -38,8 +40,14 @@ I2SAudioMicrophone = i2s_audio_ns.class_(
 INTERNAL_ADC_VARIANTS = [esp32.VARIANT_ESP32]
 PDM_VARIANTS = [esp32.VARIANT_ESP32, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S3, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32P4]
 
+i2s_pdm_dsr_t = cg.global_ns.enum("i2s_pdm_dsr_t")
+I2S_PDM_DSR = {
+    8: i2s_pdm_dsr_t.I2S_PDM_DSR_8S,
+    16: i2s_pdm_dsr_t.I2S_PDM_DSR_16S,
+}
 
-def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
+
+def _validate_esp32_variant(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
     if config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "external":
         if config[CONF_PDM] and variant not in PDM_VARIANTS:
@@ -58,13 +66,13 @@ def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def _validate_channel(config):
+def _validate_channel(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_CHANNEL] == CONF_MONO:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"I2S microphone does not support {CONF_MONO}.")
     return config
 
 
-def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
+def _set_num_channels_from_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_CHANNEL] in (CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT):
         config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS] = 1
     else:
@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@ def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _set_stream_limits(config):
+def _set_stream_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     audio.set_stream_limits(
         min_bits_per_sample=config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
         max_bits_per_sample=config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
@@ -111,6 +119,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 {
                     cv.Required(CONF_I2S_DIN_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
                     cv.Optional(CONF_PDM, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_PDM_DSR, default=8): cv.enum(
+                        I2S_PDM_DSR, int=True
+                    ),
                 }
             ),
         },
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "internal":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Internal ADC is no longer supported. Use an external I2S microphone instead."
@@ -134,7 +145,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_i2s_audio_component(var, config)
@@ -142,5 +153,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add(var.set_din_pin(config[CONF_I2S_DIN_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_pdm(config[CONF_PDM]))
+    if esp32.get_esp32_variant() in PDM_VARIANTS:
+        cg.add(var.set_pdm_dsr(config[CONF_PDM_DSR]))
 
     cg.add(var.set_correct_dc_offset(config[CONF_CORRECT_DC_OFFSET]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
index 66ca32b830..c577ed092e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
         .sample_rate_hz = this->sample_rate_,
         .clk_src = clk_src,
         .mclk_multiple = this->mclk_multiple_,
-        .dn_sample_mode = I2S_PDM_DSR_8S,
+        .dn_sample_mode = this->pdm_dsr_,
     };
 
     i2s_pdm_rx_slot_config_t slot_cfg = I2S_PDM_RX_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG(I2S_DATA_BIT_WIDTH_16BIT, this->slot_mode_);
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::mic_task(void *params) {
     while (!(xEventGroupGetBits(this_microphone->event_group_) & MicrophoneEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP)) {
       if (this_microphone->data_callbacks_.size() > 0) {
         samples.resize(bytes_to_read);
-        size_t bytes_read = this_microphone->read_(samples.data(), bytes_to_read, 2 * pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_DURATION_MS));
+        size_t bytes_read = this_microphone->read_(samples.data(), bytes_to_read, 2 * READ_DURATION_MS);
         samples.resize(bytes_read);
         if (this_microphone->correct_dc_offset_) {
           this_microphone->fix_dc_offset_(samples);
@@ -318,12 +318,11 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::fix_dc_offset_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   }
 }
 
-size_t I2SAudioMicrophone::read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
+size_t I2SAudioMicrophone::read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms) {
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
-  // i2s_channel_read expects the timeout value in ms, not ticks
-  esp_err_t err = i2s_channel_read(this->rx_handle_, buf, len, &bytes_read, pdTICKS_TO_MS(ticks_to_wait));
-  if ((err != ESP_OK) && ((err != ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT) || (ticks_to_wait != 0))) {
-    // Ignore ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT if ticks_to_wait = 0, as it will read the data on the next call
+  esp_err_t err = i2s_channel_read(this->rx_handle_, buf, len, &bytes_read, timeout_ms);
+  if ((err != ESP_OK) && ((err != ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT) || (timeout_ms != 0))) {
+    // Ignore ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT if timeout_ms = 0, as it will read the data on the next call
     if (!this->status_has_warning()) {
       // Avoid spamming the logs with the error message if its repeated
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read error: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ size_t I2SAudioMicrophone::read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_w
     this->status_set_warning();
     return 0;
   }
-  if ((bytes_read == 0) && (ticks_to_wait > 0)) {
+  if ((bytes_read == 0) && (timeout_ms > 0)) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     return 0;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
index 65ad7df1af..37895ac4e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone final : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphon
 
   void set_pdm(bool pdm) { this->pdm_ = pdm; }
 
+#if SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_PDM_RX
+  void set_pdm_dsr(i2s_pdm_dsr_t pdm_dsr) { this->pdm_dsr_ = pdm_dsr; }
+#endif
+
  protected:
   /// @brief Starts the I2S driver. Updates the ``audio_stream_info_`` member variable with the current setttings.
   /// @return True if succesful, false otherwise
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone final : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphon
   /// @param data
   void fix_dc_offset_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
 
-  size_t read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait);
+  size_t read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
 
   /// @brief Sets the Microphone ``audio_stream_info_`` member variable to the configured I2S settings.
   void configure_stream_settings_();
@@ -57,6 +61,9 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone final : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphon
   gpio_num_t din_pin_{I2S_GPIO_UNUSED};
   i2s_chan_handle_t rx_handle_;
   bool pdm_{false};
+#if SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_PDM_RX
+  i2s_pdm_dsr_t pdm_dsr_{I2S_PDM_DSR_8S};
+#endif
 
   bool correct_dc_offset_;
   bool locked_driver_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
index 6d3c39c68e..4dc15681bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import audio, esp32, speaker
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_I2S_DOUT_PIN,
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ I2C_COMM_FMT_OPTIONS = {
 INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS = [esp32.VARIANT_ESP32]
 
 
-def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
+def _set_num_channels_from_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_CHANNEL] in (CONF_MONO, CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT):
         config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS] = 1
     else:
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _set_stream_limits(config):
+def _set_stream_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config.get(CONF_SPDIF_MODE, False):
         # SPDIF mode: 16/24/32-bit audio and stereo at configured sample rate
         audio.set_stream_limits(
@@ -133,14 +135,14 @@ def _set_stream_limits(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _select_speaker_class(config):
+def _select_speaker_class(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Override ID type when SPDIF mode is enabled."""
     if config.get(CONF_SPDIF_MODE, False):
         config[CONF_ID].type = I2SAudioSpeakerSPDIF
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
+def _validate_esp32_variant(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
     if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] == "internal":
         if variant not in INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS:
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] == "internal":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Internal DAC is no longer supported. Use an external I2S DAC instead."
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_i2s_audio_component(var, config)
@@ -260,3 +262,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_TIMEOUT] != CONF_NEVER:
         cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_buffer_duration(config[CONF_BUFFER_DURATION]))
+
+
+# The SPDIF encoder and speaker are fully #ifdef'd on USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE,
+# set only when spdif_mode is enabled.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "spdif_encoder.cpp": "USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE",
+        "i2s_audio_spdif.cpp": "USE_I2S_AUDIO_SPDIF_MODE",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py b/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py
index d3306fd0f8..1b905e4c63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/iaqcore/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@yozik04"]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
index b1d332c1e5..64f87c167c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ CONF_INVERT_DISPLAY = "invert_display"
 CONF_PIXEL_MODE = "pixel_mode"
 
 
-def cmd(c, *args):
+def cmd(c: int, *args: int) -> list[int]:
     """
     Create a command sequence
     :param c: The command (8 bit)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def cmd(c, *args):
     return [c, len(args)] + list(args)
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: list[int]) -> list[int]:
     """
     An initialisation sequence is a literal array of data bytes.
     The format is a repeated sequence of [CMD, <data>]
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ def map_sequence(value):
     return cmd(*value)
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config.get(CONF_COLOR_PALETTE) == "IMAGE_ADAPTIVE"
         and CONF_COLOR_PALETTE_IMAGES not in config
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
     # Ideally would calculate buffer size here, but that info is not available on the Python side
     needs_buffer = (
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ def final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'ili9xxx' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_color_mode(ILI9XXXColorMode.BITS_8_INDEXED))
         from PIL import Image
 
-        def load_image(filename):
+        def load_image(filename: str) -> Image.Image:
             path = CORE.relative_config_path(filename)
             try:
                 return Image.open(path)
diff --git a/esphome/components/image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
index 5f8e5ca132..eaee31a1c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
@@ -1,38 +1,34 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import contextlib
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-import hashlib
-import io
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
-import re
 
 from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError
 
-from esphome import core, external_files
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER, KEY_METADATA
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEFAULTS,
-    CONF_DITHER,
     CONF_FILE,
-    CONF_ICON,
+    CONF_FILES,
     CONF_ID,
-    CONF_PATH,
-    CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
-    CONF_RESIZE,
-    CONF_SOURCE,
+    CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_TYPE,
-    CONF_URL,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DOMAIN = "image"
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
+IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
+
+# Name of the built-in static-image platform (local file / web / MDI sources).
+PLATFORM_FILE = "file"
 
 image_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("image")
 
@@ -59,6 +55,9 @@ TRANSPARENCY_TYPES = (
     CONF_ALPHA_CHANNEL,
 )
 
+# Shared validator for the image platform schemas and `_drop_incompatible_byte_order`.
+validate_byte_order = cv.one_of("BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True)
+
 
 def get_image_type_enum(type):
     return getattr(ImageType, f"IMAGE_TYPE_{type.upper()}")
@@ -135,17 +134,6 @@ class ImageEncoder:
         """
         return False
 
-    @classmethod
-    def get_options(cls) -> list[str]:
-        """
-        Get the available options for this image encoder
-        """
-        options = [*OPTIONS]
-        if not cls.is_endian():
-            options.remove(CONF_BYTE_ORDER)
-        options.append(CONF_RAW_DATA_ID)
-        return options
-
 
 def is_alpha_only(image: Image):
     """
@@ -338,60 +326,11 @@ TransparencyType = image_ns.enum("TransparencyType")
 
 CONF_TRANSPARENCY = "transparency"
 
-# If the MDI file cannot be downloaded within this time, abort.
-IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 30  # seconds
-
-SOURCE_LOCAL = "local"
-SOURCE_WEB = "web"
-
-SOURCE_MDI = "mdi"
-SOURCE_MDIL = "mdil"
-SOURCE_MEMORY = "memory"
-
-MDI_SOURCES = {
-    SOURCE_MDI: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Templarian/MaterialDesign/master/svg/",
-    SOURCE_MDIL: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pictogrammers/MaterialDesignLight/refs/heads/master/svg/",
-    SOURCE_MEMORY: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Pictogrammers/Memory/refs/heads/main/src/svg/",
-}
-
 Image_ = image_ns.class_("Image")
 
 INSTANCE_TYPE = Image_
 
 
-def compute_local_image_path(value) -> Path:
-    url = value[CONF_URL] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    return base_dir / key
-
-
-def local_path(value):
-    value = value[CONF_PATH] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
-    return str(CORE.relative_config_path(value))
-
-
-def download_file(url, path):
-    external_files.download_content(url, path, IMAGE_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT)
-    return str(path)
-
-
-def download_gh_svg(value, source):
-    mdi_id = value[CONF_ICON] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / source
-    path = base_dir / f"{mdi_id}.svg"
-
-    url = MDI_SOURCES[source] + mdi_id + ".svg"
-    return download_file(url, path)
-
-
-def download_image(value):
-    value = value[CONF_URL] if isinstance(value, dict) else value
-    return download_file(value, compute_local_image_path(value))
-
-
 def is_svg_file(file):
     if not file:
         return False
@@ -399,62 +338,6 @@ def is_svg_file(file):
         return "<svg" in str(f.read(1024))
 
 
-def validate_file_shorthand(value):
-    value = cv.string_strict(value)
-    parts = value.strip().split(":")
-    if len(parts) == 2 and parts[0] in MDI_SOURCES:
-        match = re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+$", parts[1])
-        if match is None:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not parse mdi icon name from '{value}'.")
-        return download_gh_svg(parts[1], parts[0])
-
-    if value.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
-        return download_image(value)
-
-    value = cv.file_(value)
-    return local_path(value)
-
-
-LOCAL_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_PATH): cv.file_,
-    },
-    local_path,
-)
-
-
-def mdi_schema(source):
-    def validate_mdi(value):
-        return download_gh_svg(value, source)
-
-    return cv.All(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Required(CONF_ICON): cv.string,
-            }
-        ),
-        validate_mdi,
-    )
-
-
-WEB_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.string,
-    },
-    download_image,
-)
-
-
-TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
-    {
-        SOURCE_LOCAL: LOCAL_SCHEMA,
-        SOURCE_WEB: WEB_SCHEMA,
-    }
-    | {source: mdi_schema(source) for source in MDI_SOURCES},
-    key=CONF_SOURCE,
-)
-
-
 def validate_transparency(choices=TRANSPARENCY_TYPES):
     def validate(value):
         if isinstance(value, bool):
@@ -508,271 +391,6 @@ def validate_settings(value, path=()):
     return value
 
 
-IMAGE_ID_SCHEMA = {
-    cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(Image_),
-    cv.Required(CONF_FILE): cv.Any(validate_file_shorthand, TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA),
-    cv.GenerateID(CONF_RAW_DATA_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
-}
-
-
-OPTIONS_SCHEMA = {
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
-    cv.Optional(CONF_DITHER, default="NONE"): cv.one_of(
-        "NONE", "FLOYDSTEINBERG", upper=True
-    ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_INVERT_ALPHA, default=False): cv.boolean,
-    cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): cv.one_of("BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default=CONF_OPAQUE): validate_transparency(),
-}
-
-DEFAULTS_SCHEMA = {
-    **OPTIONS_SCHEMA,
-    cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
-}
-
-OPTIONS = [key.schema for key in OPTIONS_SCHEMA]
-
-# image schema with no defaults, used with `CONF_IMAGES` in the config
-IMAGE_SCHEMA_NO_DEFAULTS = {
-    **IMAGE_ID_SCHEMA,
-    **{cv.Optional(key): OPTIONS_SCHEMA[key] for key in OPTIONS},
-}
-
-IMAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        **IMAGE_ID_SCHEMA,
-        **OPTIONS_SCHEMA,
-        cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
-    }
-)
-
-
-def apply_defaults(image, defaults, path):
-    """
-    Apply defaults to an image configuration
-    """
-    type = image.get(CONF_TYPE, defaults.get(CONF_TYPE))
-    if type is None:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            "Type is required either in the image config or in the defaults", path=path
-        )
-    type_class = IMAGE_TYPE[type]
-    config = {
-        **{key: image.get(key, defaults.get(key)) for key in type_class.get_options()},
-        **{key.schema: image[key.schema] for key in IMAGE_ID_SCHEMA},
-        CONF_TYPE: image.get(CONF_TYPE, defaults.get(CONF_TYPE)),
-    }
-    validate_settings(config, path)
-    return config
-
-
-def validate_defaults(value):
-    """
-    Apply defaults to the images in the configuration and flatten to a single list.
-    """
-    defaults = value[CONF_DEFAULTS]
-    result = []
-    # Apply defaults to the images: list and add the list entries to the result
-    for index, image in enumerate(value.get(CONF_IMAGES, [])):
-        result.append(apply_defaults(image, defaults, [CONF_IMAGES, index]))
-
-    # Apply defaults to images under the type keys and add them to the result
-    for image_type, type_config in value.items():
-        type_upper = image_type.upper()
-        if type_upper not in IMAGE_TYPE:
-            continue
-        type_class = IMAGE_TYPE[type_upper]
-        if isinstance(type_config, list):
-            # If the type is a list, apply defaults to each entry
-            for index, image in enumerate(type_config):
-                result.append(apply_defaults(image, defaults, [image_type, index]))
-        else:
-            # Handle transparency options for the type
-            for trans_type in set(type_class.allow_config).intersection(type_config):
-                for index, image in enumerate(type_config[trans_type]):
-                    result.append(
-                        apply_defaults(image, defaults, [image_type, trans_type, index])
-                    )
-    return result
-
-
-def typed_image_schema(image_type):
-    """
-    Construct a schema for a specific image type, allowing transparency options
-    """
-    return cv.Any(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Optional(t.lower()): cv.ensure_list(
-                    {
-                        **IMAGE_ID_SCHEMA,
-                        **{
-                            cv.Optional(key): OPTIONS_SCHEMA[key]
-                            for key in OPTIONS
-                            if key != CONF_TRANSPARENCY
-                        },
-                        cv.Optional(
-                            CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default=t
-                        ): validate_transparency((t,)),
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=image_type): validate_type(
-                            (image_type,)
-                        ),
-                    }
-                )
-                for t in IMAGE_TYPE[image_type].allow_config.intersection(
-                    TRANSPARENCY_TYPES
-                )
-            }
-        ),
-        # Allow a default configuration with no transparency preselected
-        cv.ensure_list(
-            {
-                **IMAGE_SCHEMA_NO_DEFAULTS,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=image_type): validate_type(
-                    (image_type,)
-                ),
-            }
-        ),
-    )
-
-
-# The config schema can be a (possibly empty) single list of images,
-# or a dictionary with optional keys `defaults:`, `images:` and the image types
-
-
-def _config_schema(value):
-    if isinstance(value, list) or (
-        isinstance(value, dict) and (CONF_ID in value or CONF_FILE in value)
-    ):
-        return cv.ensure_list(cv.All(IMAGE_SCHEMA, validate_settings))(value)
-    if not isinstance(value, dict):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            "Badly formed image configuration, expected a list or a dictionary",
-        )
-    return cv.All(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Optional(CONF_DEFAULTS, default={}): DEFAULTS_SCHEMA,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_IMAGES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
-                    {
-                        **IMAGE_SCHEMA_NO_DEFAULTS,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
-                    }
-                ),
-                **{cv.Optional(t.lower()): typed_image_schema(t) for t in IMAGE_TYPE},
-            }
-        ),
-        validate_defaults,
-    )(value)
-
-
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
-
-
-def _final_validate(config):
-    """
-    For LVGL 9 the default byte order for RGB565 images is little-endian
-    :param config:
-    :return:
-    """
-    config = config.copy()
-    for c in config:
-        if byte_order := c.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER):
-            if byte_order == "BIG_ENDIAN":
-                _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "The image '%s' is configured with big-endian byte order, little-endian is expected",
-                    c.get(CONF_FILE),
-                )
-        else:
-            c[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] = "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
-    return config
-
-
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
-
-
-async def write_image(config, all_frames=False):
-    path = Path(config[CONF_FILE])
-    if not path.is_file():
-        raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not load image file {path}")
-
-    resize = config.get(CONF_RESIZE)
-    try:
-        if is_svg_file(path):
-            import resvg_py
-
-            resize = resize or (None, None)
-            image_data = resvg_py.svg_to_bytes(
-                svg_path=str(path), width=resize[0], height=resize[1], dpi=100
-            )
-
-            # Convert bytes to Pillow Image
-            image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
-            width, height = image.size
-
-        else:
-            image = Image.open(path)
-            width, height = image.size
-            if resize:
-                # Preserve aspect ratio
-                new_width_max = min(width, resize[0])
-                new_height_max = min(height, resize[1])
-                ratio = min(new_width_max / width, new_height_max / height)
-                width, height = int(width * ratio), int(height * ratio)
-    except (OSError, UnidentifiedImageError, ValueError) as exc:
-        raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not read image file {path}: {exc}") from exc
-
-    if not resize and (width > 500 or height > 500):
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            'The image "%s" you requested is very big. Please consider'
-            " using the resize parameter.",
-            path,
-        )
-
-    dither = (
-        Image.Dither.NONE
-        if config[CONF_DITHER] == "NONE"
-        else Image.Dither.FLOYDSTEINBERG
-    )
-    type = config[CONF_TYPE]
-    transparency = config.get(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, CONF_OPAQUE)
-    invert_alpha = config[CONF_INVERT_ALPHA]
-    frame_count = 1
-    if all_frames:
-        with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
-            frame_count = image.n_frames
-        if frame_count <= 1:
-            _LOGGER.warning("Image file %s has no animation frames", path)
-
-    # Encode each frame with its own encoder and concatenate. This keeps every
-    # frame self-contained on disk (e.g. RGB565+alpha emits [RGB plane | alpha plane]
-    # per frame) so animation frame stepping in image.cpp / animation.cpp stays
-    # correct without needing to know the total frame count.
-    byte_order = config.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER)
-    combined_data: list[int] = []
-    encoder: ImageEncoder | None = None
-    for frame_index in range(frame_count):
-        image.seek(frame_index)
-        encoder = IMAGE_TYPE[type](width, height, transparency, dither, invert_alpha)
-        if byte_order is not None:
-            # Check for valid type has already been done in validate_settings
-            encoder.set_big_endian(byte_order == "BIG_ENDIAN")
-        pixels = encoder.convert(image.resize((width, height)), path).getdata()
-        for row in range(height):
-            for col in range(width):
-                encoder.encode(pixels[row * width + col])
-            encoder.end_row()
-        encoder.end_image()
-        combined_data.extend(encoder.data)
-
-    rhs = [HexInt(x) for x in combined_data]
-    prog_arr = cg.progmem_array(config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)
-    image_type = get_image_type_enum(type)
-    trans_value = get_transparency_enum(encoder.transparency)
-
-    return prog_arr, width, height, image_type, trans_value, frame_count
-
-
 def add_metadata(id: str, width: int, height: int, image_type: str, transparency):
     all_metadata = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(KEY_METADATA, {})
     all_metadata[str(id)] = ImageMetaData(
@@ -780,17 +398,10 @@ def add_metadata(id: str, width: int, height: int, image_type: str, transparency
     )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Base platform-component codegen: each entry is generated by its platform's
+    # own ``to_code``; here we only need the feature define to be present.
     cg.add_define("USE_IMAGE")
-    # By now the config will be a simple list.
-    for entry in config:
-        prog_arr, width, height, image_type, trans_value, _ = await write_image(entry)
-        cg.new_Pvariable(
-            entry[CONF_ID], prog_arr, width, height, image_type, trans_value
-        )
-        add_metadata(
-            entry[CONF_ID], width, height, entry[CONF_TYPE], entry[CONF_TRANSPARENCY]
-        )
 
 
 def get_all_image_metadata() -> dict[str, ImageMetaData]:
@@ -801,3 +412,308 @@ def get_all_image_metadata() -> dict[str, ImageMetaData]:
 def get_image_metadata(image_id: str) -> ImageMetaData | None:
     """Get image metadata by ID for use by other components."""
     return get_all_image_metadata().get(image_id)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# `defaults:`/`files:` expansion: a `platform:` entry merges shared `defaults:`
+# into every `files:` entry; the platform's CONFIG_SCHEMA validates each.
+# Permanent, unlike the legacy migration below.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _drop_incompatible_byte_order(
+    merged: dict, explicit: dict, *, index: int | None = None
+) -> dict:
+    """Drop `byte_order` when the resolved type doesn't support it, unless written directly on `explicit`.
+
+    With `index`, inherited values are validated before being dropped (the legacy flattener always drops).
+    """
+    if CONF_BYTE_ORDER in explicit:
+        return merged
+    type_class = IMAGE_TYPE.get(str(merged.get(CONF_TYPE, "")).upper())
+    if (
+        CONF_BYTE_ORDER in merged
+        and isinstance(type_class, type)
+        and issubclass(type_class, ImageEncoder)
+        and not type_class.is_endian()
+    ):
+        if index is not None:
+            try:
+                validate_byte_order(merged[CONF_BYTE_ORDER])
+            except cv.Invalid as exc:
+                exc.prepend([index])
+                raise
+        del merged[CONF_BYTE_ORDER]
+    return merged
+
+
+def _expand_platform_entry(index: int, entry: dict) -> list[dict]:
+    if CONF_FILES not in entry:
+        if CONF_DEFAULTS in entry:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_DEFAULTS}' may only be used together with '{CONF_FILES}'",
+                path=[index],
+            )
+        return [entry]
+
+    extra_keys = set(entry) - {CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_DEFAULTS, CONF_FILES}
+    if extra_keys:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_FILES}' cannot be combined with "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(extra_keys))} on the same entry",
+            path=[index],
+        )
+
+    files = entry[CONF_FILES]
+    if files is None:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_FILES}' must not be empty", path=[index])
+    if not isinstance(files, list):
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_FILES}' must be a list", path=[index])
+    if not files:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_FILES}' must not be empty", path=[index])
+
+    defaults = entry.get(CONF_DEFAULTS, {})
+    if defaults is None:
+        defaults = {}
+    if not isinstance(defaults, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_DEFAULTS}' must be a mapping", path=[index])
+    # Neither `id:` nor `platform:` makes sense inside `defaults:`.
+    for disallowed in (CONF_ID, CONF_PLATFORM):
+        if disallowed in defaults:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{disallowed}' is not allowed inside '{CONF_DEFAULTS}'",
+                path=[index],
+            )
+
+    from esphome import yaml_util
+
+    platform = entry[CONF_PLATFORM]
+    result: list[dict] = []
+    for file_entry in files:
+        if not isinstance(file_entry, dict):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"each entry in '{CONF_FILES}' must be a mapping", path=[index]
+            )
+        # The platform is chosen by the entry's own `platform:` key, not per file.
+        if CONF_PLATFORM in file_entry:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_PLATFORM}' is not allowed inside '{CONF_FILES}'",
+                path=[index],
+            )
+        # Keep the `files:` item's source range so whole-entry errors anchor there;
+        # `make_data_base` needs a real ESPHomeDataBase, so skip it for plain dicts.
+        source = (
+            file_entry if isinstance(file_entry, yaml_util.ESPHomeDataBase) else None
+        )
+        merged = yaml_util.make_data_base(
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: platform, **defaults, **file_entry}, source
+        )
+        result.append(_drop_incompatible_byte_order(merged, file_entry, index=index))
+    return result
+
+
+def expand_platform_config(config: list) -> list:
+    """Expand `defaults:`/`files:` entries; the platform's own CONFIG_SCHEMA validates each result."""
+    result = []
+    for i, entry in enumerate(config):
+        if isinstance(entry, dict) and CONF_PLATFORM in entry:
+            result.extend(_expand_platform_entry(i, entry))
+        else:
+            result.append(entry)
+    return result
+
+
+EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG = expand_platform_config
+
+# --------------------- end defaults/files expansion -------------------------
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy top-level component -> `image:` platform deprecation helpers
+# -- REMOVE after 2027.1.0 together with the `animation:`/`online_image:` shims.
+#
+# `animation:` and `online_image:` used to be standalone top-level components and
+# are now platforms of `image:`. Their deprecated top-level shims use this helper
+# to (1) record each raw entry as it is validated and (2) print a single,
+# pasteable migrated `image:` block once every entry has been seen. The block is
+# emitted from FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA, which always runs after every per-entry
+# CONFIG_SCHEMA step, so all entries are captured before it fires.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def legacy_platform_migration_warning(
+    domain: str, platform: str, removal_version: str
+) -> tuple[
+    Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType],
+    Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType],
+]:
+    """Build the per-entry capture and one-shot warning validators for a
+    deprecated top-level component that is now an ``image:`` platform.
+
+    Returns ``(capture, finalize)``:
+    * ``capture`` is a ``CONFIG_SCHEMA`` validator placed *before* the real
+      schema so it sees the raw user entry; it records a copy of each entry.
+    * ``finalize`` is a ``FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA`` validator that warns exactly
+      once with the migrated, pasteable ``image:`` block.
+    """
+    entries_key = "legacy_entries"
+    shown_key = "legacy_warning_shown"
+
+    def capture(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        data = CORE.data.setdefault(domain, {})
+        data.setdefault(entries_key, []).append(dict(config))
+        return config
+
+    def finalize(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        data = CORE.data.setdefault(domain, {})
+        if not data.get(shown_key):
+            data[shown_key] = True
+
+            from esphome import yaml_util
+
+            migrated = [
+                {CONF_PLATFORM: platform, **entry}
+                for entry in data.get(entries_key, [])
+            ]
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "The top-level '%s:' configuration is deprecated and will be "
+                "removed in ESPHome %s. '%s' is now a platform of the 'image' "
+                "component. Replace your '%s:' block with:\n\n%s",
+                domain,
+                removal_version,
+                domain,
+                domain,
+                yaml_util.dump({DOMAIN: migrated}),
+            )
+        return config
+
+    return capture, finalize
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy `image:` config migration -- REMOVE after 2027.1.0
+#
+# Before `image` became a platform component, its top-level config was either a
+# bare list of image dicts, a single image dict, or a dict with `defaults:`,
+# `images:` and per-type group keys. This block transparently rewrites those
+# forms into the new ``platform: file`` list and prints the migrated YAML.
+# It is intentionally self-contained so it can be deleted in one piece together
+# with the ``LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE`` assignment below.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.1.0"
+
+
+def _is_new_image_format(config: object) -> bool:
+    """True when the config is already the new ``platform:``-tagged list."""
+    return isinstance(config, list) and all(
+        isinstance(entry, dict) and CONF_PLATFORM in entry for entry in config
+    )
+
+
+def _is_legacy_image_format(config: object) -> bool:
+    """True when ``config`` matches a shape the pre-platform schema accepted.
+
+    Only these shapes are migrated. Anything else -- a list containing a
+    non-dict (or already platform-tagged) entry, or a dict with no recognised
+    image keys -- is left untouched so the platform validation surfaces a
+    proper error instead of the migration silently dropping the input.
+    """
+    if isinstance(config, list):
+        # Exclude `files:` entries -- the list branch would otherwise silently
+        # migrate them to `platform: file` instead of raising the missing-platform error.
+        return bool(config) and all(
+            isinstance(entry, dict)
+            and CONF_PLATFORM not in entry
+            and CONF_FILES not in entry
+            for entry in config
+        )
+    if not isinstance(config, dict) or CONF_PLATFORM in config or CONF_FILES in config:
+        # `platform:`/`files:` dicts are new-format (left for list-wrapping +
+        # expansion); the legacy flattener has no `files:` branch and would drop them.
+        return False
+    # A single image dict, or the grouped `defaults:`/`images:`/type-key form.
+    return (
+        CONF_ID in config
+        or CONF_FILE in config
+        or any(
+            key in (CONF_DEFAULTS, CONF_IMAGES) or key.upper() in IMAGE_TYPE
+            for key in config
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _flatten_legacy_image_config(config: object) -> list[dict]:
+    """Structurally flatten a legacy ``image:`` config into image dicts.
+
+    No validation or file IO is performed -- the ``file`` platform schema
+    validates the resulting entries. Unrecognised shapes yield no entries so the
+    normal platform validation surfaces the error.
+    """
+    if isinstance(config, list):
+        return [dict(entry) for entry in config if isinstance(entry, dict)]
+    if not isinstance(config, dict):
+        return []
+    if CONF_ID in config or CONF_FILE in config:
+        return [dict(config)]
+
+    defaults = config.get(CONF_DEFAULTS) or {}
+    result: list[dict] = []
+
+    def _add(entry: dict, extra: dict) -> None:
+        merged = {**defaults, **extra, **entry}
+        # Always drop, matching the pre-platform behavior -- see `_drop_incompatible_byte_order`.
+        result.append(_drop_incompatible_byte_order(merged, {}))
+
+    def _add_entries(entries: object, extra: dict) -> None:
+        # `entries` may be a single image dict or a list of them; non-dict
+        # members are silently skipped, mirroring the old `ensure_list` leniency.
+        for entry in [entries] if isinstance(entries, dict) else entries:
+            if isinstance(entry, dict):
+                _add(entry, extra)
+
+    _add_entries(config.get(CONF_IMAGES, []), {})
+
+    for key, value in config.items():
+        if key in (CONF_DEFAULTS, CONF_IMAGES) or key.upper() not in IMAGE_TYPE:
+            continue
+        type_extra = {CONF_TYPE: key}
+        if isinstance(value, dict) and (
+            transparency_keys := [k for k in value if k in TRANSPARENCY_TYPES]
+        ):
+            for trans in transparency_keys:
+                _add_entries(value[trans], {**type_extra, CONF_TRANSPARENCY: trans})
+        elif isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
+            _add_entries(value, type_extra)
+    return result
+
+
+def _migrate_legacy_image_config(config: object) -> list[dict] | None:
+    """Rewrite a legacy ``image:`` config into the ``platform: file`` list.
+
+    Returns None for the already-migrated platform form and for any shape the
+    pre-platform schema never accepted, so normal platform validation can
+    surface a proper error instead of the migration silently discarding input.
+    """
+    if _is_new_image_format(config) or not _is_legacy_image_format(config):
+        return None
+    migrated = [
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_FILE, **entry}
+        for entry in _flatten_legacy_image_config(config)
+    ]
+
+    from esphome import yaml_util
+
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "The 'image:' configuration format is deprecated and will be removed in "
+        "ESPHome %s. Images are now platforms of the 'image' component. Replace "
+        "your 'image:' block with:\n\n%s",
+        LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION,
+        yaml_util.dump({DOMAIN: migrated}),
+    )
+    return migrated
+
+
+LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE = _migrate_legacy_image_config
+
+# --------------------------- end legacy migration --------------------------
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py
index e175aa2220..412d143a48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONF_NEXT_URL = "next_url"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS = ["esphome_version", "ip_address", "device_name"]
 
 
-def validate_next_url(value):
+def validate_next_url(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.url(value)
     test = r"{{(?!" + r"\b|".join(VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS) + r"\b)(\w+)}}"
     result = re.search(test, value)
@@ -31,15 +32,15 @@ IMPROV_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _process_next_url(url: str):
+def _process_next_url(url: str) -> str:
     if "{{esphome_version}}" in url:
         url = url.replace("{{esphome_version}}", __version__)
     return url
 
 
-async def setup_improv_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, component: str):
+async def setup_improv_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, component: str) -> None:
     if next_url := config.get(CONF_NEXT_URL):
         cg.add(var.set_next_url(_process_next_url(next_url)))
         cg.add_define(f"USE_{component.upper()}_NEXT_URL")
 
-    cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.4")
+    cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.7")
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py b/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
index 4266f5b78b..40ef14c6bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BAUD_RATE, CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID, CONF_LOGGER
 from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["improv_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def validate_logger(config):
+def validate_logger(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     logger_conf = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_LOGGER]
     if logger_conf[CONF_BAUD_RATE] == 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("improv_serial requires the logger baud_rate to be not 0")
@@ -33,13 +34,12 @@ def validate_logger(config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "improv_serial does not support the selected logger hardware_uart"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_logger
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config, "improv_serial")
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp
index 4ee703f363..de9c7899cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
 
 namespace esphome::improv_serial {
 
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::setup() {
   global_improv_serial_component = this;
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   this->uart_num_ = logger::global_logger->get_uart_num();
+  this->uart_selection_ = logger::global_logger->get_uart();
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   this->hw_serial_ = logger::global_logger->get_hw_serial();
 #endif
@@ -30,21 +32,23 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
-  if (this->last_read_byte_ && (millis() - this->last_read_byte_ > IMPROV_SERIAL_TIMEOUT)) {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->last_read_byte_ && (now - this->last_read_byte_ > IMPROV_SERIAL_TIMEOUT)) {
     this->last_read_byte_ = 0;
     this->rx_buffer_.clear();
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Timeout");
   }
 
-  auto byte = this->read_byte_();
-  while (byte.has_value()) {
+  while (true) {
+    auto byte = this->read_byte_();
+    if (!byte.has_value())
+      break;
     if (this->parse_improv_serial_byte_(byte.value())) {
-      this->last_read_byte_ = millis();
+      this->last_read_byte_ = now;
     } else {
       this->last_read_byte_ = 0;
       this->rx_buffer_.clear();
     }
-    byte = this->read_byte_();
   }
 
   if (this->state_ == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING) {
@@ -63,53 +67,6 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Improv Serial:"); }
 
-optional<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::read_byte_() {
-  optional<uint8_t> byte;
-  uint8_t data = 0;
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  switch (logger::global_logger->get_uart()) {
-    case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0:
-    case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART1:
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
-    case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART2:
-#endif
-      if (this->uart_num_ >= 0) {
-        size_t available;
-        uart_get_buffered_data_len(this->uart_num_, &available);
-        if (available) {
-          uart_read_bytes(this->uart_num_, &data, 1, 0);
-          byte = data;
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_USB_CDC)
-    case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC:
-      if (esp_usb_console_available_for_read()) {
-        esp_usb_console_read_buf((char *) &data, 1);
-        byte = data;
-      }
-      break;
-#endif  // USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
-    case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG: {
-      if (usb_serial_jtag_read_bytes((char *) &data, 1, 0)) {
-        byte = data;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-#endif  // USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-#elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
-  if (this->hw_serial_->available()) {
-    this->hw_serial_->readBytes(&data, 1);
-    byte = data;
-  }
-#endif
-  return byte;
-}
-
 void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(const uint8_t *data, const size_t size) {
   // First, set length field
   this->tx_header_[TX_LENGTH_IDX] = this->tx_header_[TX_TYPE_IDX] == TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE ? size : 1;
@@ -133,7 +90,7 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(const uint8_t *data, const size_t size)
   this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX] = checksum;
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-  switch (logger::global_logger->get_uart()) {
+  switch (this->uart_selection_) {
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0:
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART1:
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
@@ -274,31 +231,17 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command
       return true;
     }
     case improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS: {
-      std::vector<std::string> networks;
       const auto &results = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result();
-      for (auto &scan : results) {
-        if (scan.get_is_hidden())
+      for (const auto &scan : results) {
+        bool with_auth = false;
+        if (!wifi::should_show_scan_entry(results, scan, with_auth))
           continue;
-        const char *ssid_cstr = scan.get_ssid().c_str();
-        // Check if we've already sent this SSID
-        bool duplicate = false;
-        for (const auto &seen : networks) {
-          if (strcmp(seen.c_str(), ssid_cstr) == 0) {
-            duplicate = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (duplicate)
-          continue;
-        // Only allocate std::string after confirming it's not a duplicate
-        std::string ssid(ssid_cstr);
         // Send each ssid separately to avoid overflowing the buffer
         char rssi_buf[5];  // int8_t: -128 to 127, max 4 chars + null
         *int8_to_str(rssi_buf, scan.get_rssi()) = '\0';
-        std::vector<uint8_t> data =
-            improv::build_rpc_response(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {ssid, rssi_buf, YESNO(scan.get_with_auth())}, false);
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data = improv::build_rpc_response(
+            improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {scan.get_ssid().str(), rssi_buf, YESNO(with_auth)}, false);
         this->send_response_(data);
-        networks.push_back(std::move(ssid));
       }
       // Send empty response to signify the end of the list.
       std::vector<uint8_t> data =
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h
index 4df6f6df2d..00c40c4c7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h"
+#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -65,7 +66,52 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::Improv
   std::vector<uint8_t> build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::Command command);
   std::vector<uint8_t> build_version_info_();
 
-  optional<uint8_t> read_byte_();
+  ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE optional<uint8_t> read_byte_() {
+    optional<uint8_t> byte;
+    uint8_t data = 0;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    switch (this->uart_selection_) {
+      case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0:
+      case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART1:
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+      case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART2:
+#endif
+        if (this->uart_num_ >= 0) {
+          size_t available;
+          uart_get_buffered_data_len(this->uart_num_, &available);
+          if (available) {
+            uart_read_bytes(this->uart_num_, &data, 1, 0);
+            byte = data;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_USB_CDC)
+      case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC:
+        if (esp_usb_console_available_for_read()) {
+          esp_usb_console_read_buf((char *) &data, 1);
+          byte = data;
+        }
+        break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
+      case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG: {
+        if (usb_serial_jtag_read_bytes((char *) &data, 1, 0)) {
+          byte = data;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+#endif
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+#elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+    if (this->hw_serial_->available()) {
+      this->hw_serial_->readBytes(&data, 1);
+      byte = data;
+    }
+#endif
+    return byte;
+  }
   void write_data_(const uint8_t *data = nullptr, size_t size = 0);
 
   uint8_t tx_header_[TX_BUFFER_SIZE] = {
@@ -85,6 +131,7 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::Improv
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   uart_port_t uart_num_;
+  logger::UARTSelection uart_selection_{logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0};
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   Stream *hw_serial_{nullptr};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py
index 621fd62e82..97482f81a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina219/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py
index 2a7b3fc212..4fd98fbcd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina226/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ ADC_AVG_SAMPLES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_adc_time(value):
+def validate_adc_time(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value).total_microseconds
     return cv.enum(ADC_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py
index b98b4ce6cb..b7b94a248b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina260/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mreditor97"]
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py
index 15e2faba07..7bb589f0b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 from esphome.components.const import UNIT_AMPERE_HOUR
@@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -76,7 +81,7 @@ SENSOR_MODEL_OPTIONS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_model_config(config):
+def validate_model_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model = config[CONF_MODEL]
 
     for key in config:
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ def validate_model_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_adc_time(value):
+def validate_adc_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value).total_microseconds
     return cv.enum(ADC_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -198,7 +203,7 @@ INA2XX_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ina2xx(var, config):
+async def setup_ina2xx(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py
index 1a470aa628..4bcbca8762 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, ina2xx_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ina2xx_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ina2xx_base.setup_ina2xx(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py
index 3ebe2cac73..dc72dce7a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ina2xx_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ina2xx_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ina2xx_base.setup_ina2xx(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py
index acf7d7cdf0..db8dad2f54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ina3221/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py b/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
index f8e77209b2..d04c82ea96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import queue_entity_register, setup_entity
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["remote_base"]
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ def infrared_schema(class_: type[cg.MockObjClass]) -> cv.Schema:
 
 
 @setup_entity("infrared")
-async def setup_infrared_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def setup_infrared_core_(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up core infrared configuration."""
 
 
-async def register_infrared(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def register_infrared(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an infrared device with the core."""
     cg.add_define("USE_IR_RF")
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async def register_infrared(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.register_platform_component("infrared", var)
 
 
-async def new_infrared(config: ConfigType, *args) -> cg.Pvariable:
+async def new_infrared(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Create a new Infrared instance.
 
     :param config: Configuration dictionary.
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
index 9b97995a96..5a909738c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ void Infrared::dump_config() {
                 YESNO(this->traits_.get_supports_receiver()));
 }
 
-InfraredCall Infrared::make_call() { return InfraredCall(this); }
-
 void Infrared::control(const InfraredCall &call) {
   if (this->transmitter_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No transmitter configured");
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
index 6d91c97cce..b6863e37ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Infrared : public Component, public EntityBase, public remote_base::Remote
   const InfraredTraits &get_traits() const { return this->traits_; }
 
   /// Create a call object for transmitting
-  InfraredCall make_call();
+  InfraredCall make_call() { return InfraredCall(this); }
 
   /// Get capability flags for this infrared instance
   uint32_t get_capability_flags() const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp
index 4df22aa9de..d360142bcb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "inkbird_ibsth1_mini";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void InkbirdIbstH1Mini::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // The below is based on my research and reverse engineering of a single device
   // It is entirely possible that some of that may be inaccurate or incomplete
 
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
   }
-  if (device.get_address_type() != BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC) {
+  if (device.get_address_type() != ble_device_base::BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): address is not public");
     return false;
   }
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
     return false;
   }
   const auto &mnf_data = mnf_datas[0];
-  if (mnf_data.uuid.get_uuid().len != ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
+  if (mnf_data.uuid.type() != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::Type::UUID16) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): manufacturer data element is expected to have uuid of length 16");
     return false;
   }
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
   auto external_temperature = NAN;
 
   // Read bluetooth data into variable
-  auto measured_temperature = ((int16_t) mnf_data.uuid.get_uuid().uuid.uuid16) / 100.0f;
+  auto measured_temperature = ((int16_t) mnf_data.uuid.uuid16()) / 100.0f;
 
   // Set temperature or external_temperature based on which sensor is in use
   if (mnf_data.data[2] == 0) {
@@ -104,5 +102,3 @@ bool InkbirdIbstH1Mini::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h
index 4c90d6d35b..726ea8c5ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h
+++ b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/inkbird_ibsth1_mini.h
@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini {
 
-class InkbirdIbstH1Mini final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class InkbirdIbstH1Mini final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class InkbirdIbstH1Mini final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPB
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::inkbird_ibsth1_mini
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py
index b446c9f1e2..84a207020e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@fkirill"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 inkbird_ibsth1_mini_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("inkbird_ibsth1_mini")
 InkbirdIbstH1Mini = inkbird_ibsth1_mini_ns.class_(
-    "InkbirdIbstH1Mini", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "InkbirdIbstH1Mini", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("inkbird_ibsth1_mini"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(InkbirdIbstH1Mini),
@@ -57,15 +59,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py b/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py
index 47c8c898e5..350a0c1652 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/inkplate/display.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import INKPLATE_10_CUSTOM_WAVEFORMS, WAVEFORMS
 
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ MODELS = {
 CONF_CUSTOM_WAVEFORM = "custom_waveform"
 
 
-def _validate_custom_waveform(config):
+def _validate_custom_waveform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_CUSTOM_WAVEFORM in config and config[CONF_MODEL] != "inkplate_10":
         raise cv.Invalid("Custom waveforms are only supported on the Inkplate 10")
     return config
@@ -146,19 +147,18 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_cpu_frequency(config):
+def _validate_cpu_frequency(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     esp32_config = fv.full_config.get()[PLATFORM_ESP32]
     if esp32_config[CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY] != "240MHZ":
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Inkplate requires 240MHz CPU frequency (set in esp32 component)"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_cpu_frequency
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
index 8d784df672..82e8ba8df8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
     CONF_VALUE,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 integration_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("integration")
 IntegrationSensor = integration_ns.class_(
@@ -39,14 +42,14 @@ CONF_TIME_UNIT = "time_unit"
 CONF_INTEGRATION_METHOD = "integration_method"
 
 
-def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom, config):
+def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom: str, config: ConfigType) -> str:
     suffix = config[CONF_TIME_UNIT]
     if uom.endswith("/" + suffix):
         return uom[0 : -len("/" + suffix)]
     return uom + suffix
 
 
-def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals, config):
+def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals: int, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     return decimals + 2
 
 
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -113,7 +116,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -130,7 +138,12 @@ async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sensor_integration_set_value_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_integration_set_value_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp
index b7332ee81f..91f47d831f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ uint32_t temp_single_get_current_temperature(uint32_t *temp_value);
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.bk72xx";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   float temperature = NAN;
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp
index 1c44a9a238..2c6fda2af4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_esp32.cpp
@@ -3,21 +3,20 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "internal_temperature.h"
 
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
 // there is no official API available on the original ESP32
 extern "C" {
 uint8_t temprature_sens_read();
 }
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
+#elif SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED
 #include "driver/temperature_sensor.h"
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   float temperature = NAN;
@@ -27,10 +26,7 @@ void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Raw temperature value: %d", raw);
   temperature = (raw - 32) / 1.8f;
   success = (raw != 128);
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
+#elif SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED
   esp_err_t result = temperature_sensor_get_celsius(this->tsens_, &temperature);
   success = (result == ESP_OK);
   if (!success) {
@@ -49,9 +45,7 @@ void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
 }
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::setup() {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
+#if SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED
   temperature_sensor_config_t tsens_config = TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_CONFIG_DEFAULT(-10, 80);
 
   esp_err_t result = temperature_sensor_install(&tsens_config, &this->tsens_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4ab33b0a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "internal_temperature.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <hardware/adc.h>
+#include <pico/time.h>
+
+// The RP2 variant headers (pulled in transitively by Arduino.h) define
+// ADC_RESOLUTION as the pin-level ADC bit count, which would be substituted
+// into the constant below. Nothing here uses the Arduino definition, so drop
+// it for this file. Not restored with pop_macro: the uses below would then be
+// substituted again.
+#undef ADC_RESOLUTION
+
+namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
+
+// The on-die temperature sensor sits on the last ADC channel: input 4 on RP2040
+// and RP2350A, but input 8 on RP2350B, which has eight external channels rather
+// than four.
+//
+// This deliberately does not use the SDK's ADC_TEMPERATURE_CHANNEL_NUM. That
+// derives from NUM_ADC_CHANNELS, which <pico.h> settles from a board header, and
+// arduino-pico supplies a fixed B-die one for every RP2350 build. The real die
+// is only declared later, by the variant's pins_arduino.h, so the SDK constant
+// reads 8 on A-die boards. PICO_RP2350A itself is correct by the time this file
+// is compiled, on both arduino-pico and pico-sdk builds.
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !defined(PICO_RP2350A)
+#error "PICO_RP2350A is not defined, so the RP2350 die is unknown and the temperature ADC channel cannot be chosen"
+#endif
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350) && !PICO_RP2350A
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 8;
+#else
+static constexpr uint8_t TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT = 4;
+#endif
+static constexpr float ADC_VREF = 3.3f;
+static constexpr float ADC_RESOLUTION = 4096.0f;  // 12-bit
+// RP2040 datasheet 4.9.5 / RP2350 datasheet 12.4.6: T = 27 - (V - 0.706) / 0.001721
+static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_AT_REFERENCE = 27.0f;
+static constexpr float REFERENCE_VOLTAGE = 0.706f;
+static constexpr float VOLTS_PER_DEGREE = 0.001721f;
+// The sensor is powered down again after each read, so every conversion is the
+// first one after enabling. Let the bias circuitry settle first, matching what
+// the adc component does for its own temperature readings.
+static constexpr uint32_t SETTLE_TIME_US = 1000;
+
+static float read_internal_temperature() {
+  // adc_init() resets the ADC block, so this runs at most once for this
+  // component. The adc component guards its own adc_init() the same way, so a
+  // redundant reset is still possible when both are used. That is harmless
+  // because both re-select their input on every read.
+  static bool adc_ready = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  if (!adc_ready) {
+    adc_init();
+    adc_ready = true;
+  }
+
+  adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
+  busy_wait_us(SETTLE_TIME_US);
+  adc_select_input(TEMPERATURE_ADC_INPUT);
+  const uint16_t raw = adc_read();
+  adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(false);
+
+  const float voltage = raw * (ADC_VREF / ADC_RESOLUTION);
+  return TEMPERATURE_AT_REFERENCE - (voltage - REFERENCE_VOLTAGE) / VOLTS_PER_DEGREE;
+}
+
+void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
+  float temperature = NAN;
+  bool success = false;
+
+  temperature = read_internal_temperature();
+  success = (temperature != 0.0f);
+
+  if (success && std::isfinite(temperature)) {
+    this->publish_state(temperature);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid temperature (success=%d, value=%.1f)", success, temperature);
+    if (!this->has_state()) {
+      this->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::internal_temperature
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2040.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 66dee9faf7..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_rp2040.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "internal_temperature.h"
-
-#include "Arduino.h"
-
-namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.rp2040";
-
-void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
-  float temperature = NAN;
-  bool success = false;
-
-  temperature = analogReadTemp();
-  success = (temperature != 0.0f);
-
-  if (success && std::isfinite(temperature)) {
-    this->publish_state(temperature);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid temperature (success=%d, value=%.1f)", success, temperature);
-    if (!this->has_state()) {
-      this->publish_state(NAN);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::internal_temperature
-
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp
index be72ab6f51..50c597f6f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature.zephyr";
+static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
 
 static const struct device *const DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR = DEVICE_DT_GET_ONE(nordic_nrf_temp);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
index 02730b6862..d3101f4a7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 internal_temperature_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("internal_temperature")
 InternalTemperatureSensor = internal_temperature_ns.class_(
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.only_on(
         [
             PLATFORM_ESP32,
-            PLATFORM_RP2040,
+            PLATFORM_RP2,
             PLATFORM_BK72XX,
             PLATFORM_NRF52,
             PLATFORM_LN882X,
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
-        "internal_temperature_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "internal_temperature_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
         },
diff --git a/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py b/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py
index ac9219ff6a..11c3e15b0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/interval/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERVAL, CONF_STARTUP_DELAY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 interval_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("interval")
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for conf in config:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/it8951/display.py b/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
index 51c5fc6118..57bf86c4c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 ESPHome configuration for the IT8951 e-paper controller.
 """
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, core, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
@@ -33,8 +36,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawExpression, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["split_buffer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -97,16 +102,16 @@ class IT8951Model:
 
     models: dict[str, "IT8951Model"] = {}
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults: Any) -> None:
         name = name.upper()
         self.name = name
         self.defaults = defaults
         IT8951Model.models[name] = self
 
-    def get_default(self, key, fallback=None):
+    def get_default(self, key: str, fallback: Any = None) -> Any:
         return self.defaults.get(key, fallback)
 
-    def get_dimensions(self, config) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    def get_dimensions(self, config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, int]:
         # If dimensions are in config, use them; otherwise fall back to model defaults.
         if CONF_DIMENSIONS in config:
             dimensions = config[CONF_DIMENSIONS]
@@ -181,14 +186,16 @@ DIMENSION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _model_pin_option(model, key, schema):
+def _model_pin_option(
+    model: IT8951Model, key: str, schema: Callable[[Any], Any]
+) -> tuple[cv.Optional | cv.Required, Callable[[Any], Any]]:
     default = model.get_default(key)
     if default is None:
         return cv.Required(key), schema
     return cv.Optional(key, default=default), schema
 
 
-def _model_schema(config):
+def _model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.Schema:
     model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     has_default_dimensions = (
         model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH) is not None
@@ -293,7 +300,7 @@ def _model_schema(config):
     return schema.extend(pin_extra)
 
 
-def _customise_schema(config):
+def _customise_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(
@@ -336,7 +343,7 @@ def _customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # IT8951 reads from SPI (DevInfo, VCOM, register reads) so MISO is required.
     spi.final_validate_device_schema("it8951", require_miso=True, require_mosi=True)(
         config
@@ -351,13 +358,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                 config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("never")
         else:
             config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     width, height = model.get_dimensions(config)
 
@@ -424,7 +430,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def it8951_update_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def it8951_update_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     display_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, display_var)
     if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py b/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py
index 214724aa3f..0c4187b823 100644
--- a/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mafus1"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/json/__init__.py b/esphome/components/json/__init__.py
index 3cb89a6cd9..af7eb7e733 100644
--- a/esphome/components/json/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/json/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 json_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("json")
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.BUS)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py
index 134ac245bf..6465012897 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/sensor.py
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_EMPTY,
     UNIT_KELVIN,
     UNIT_KILOWATT,
+    UNIT_LITRE_PER_HOUR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@cfeenstra1024"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -37,7 +39,6 @@ CONF_TEMP2 = "temp2"
 CONF_TEMP_DIFF = "temp_diff"
 
 UNIT_GIGA_JOULE = "GJ"
-UNIT_LITRE_PER_HOUR = "l/h"
 
 # Note: The sensor units are set automatically based un the received data from the meter
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py b/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
index 1f4519df2d..bf47b6df88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, literal
-from esphome.types import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     for source_conf in config.get(CONF_SOURCE_ID, ()):
@@ -144,7 +145,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def enable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -160,7 +166,12 @@ async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def disable_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp b/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp
index cb7d47b7f0..69b7a6a7c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ void KeyCollector::loop() {
 }
 
 void KeyCollector::dump_config() {
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_CONFIG
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Key Collector:");
   if (this->min_length_ > 0)
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  min length: %d", this->min_length_);
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ void KeyCollector::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  allowed keys '%s'", this->allowed_keys_.c_str());
   if (this->timeout_ > 0)
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  entry timeout: %0.1f", this->timeout_ / 1000.0);
+#endif
 }
 
 void KeyCollector::add_provider(key_provider::KeyProvider *provider) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 1676cf7bdf..e32d15df2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components.text_sensor import TextSensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import literal
-from esphome.types import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 from .. import CONF_ON_RESULT, CONF_SOURCE_ID, TRIGGER_TYPES, KeyCollector
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(TextSensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await text_sensor.register_text_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py b/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py
index 4f6cb7d091..3e007d1310 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/kmeteriso/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp
index 6df114e93c..c47a80777c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ namespace esphome::kuntze {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "kuntze";
 
-static const uint8_t CMD_READ_REG = 0x03;
 static const uint16_t REGISTER[] = {4136, 4160, 4680, 6000, 4688, 4728, 5832};
 
 // Maximum bytes to log for Modbus responses (2 registers = 4, plus count = 5)
 static constexpr size_t KUNTZE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 8;
 
-void Kuntze::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void Kuntze::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   auto get_16bit = [&](int i) -> uint16_t { return (uint16_t(data[i * 2]) << 8) | uint16_t(data[i * 2 + 1]); };
 
   this->waiting_ = false;
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void Kuntze::loop() {
   if (this->waiting_ || (this->state_ == 0))
     return;
   this->last_send_ = now;
-  send(CMD_READ_REG, REGISTER[this->state_ - 1], 2);
+  this->read_holding_registers(REGISTER[this->state_ - 1], 2);
   this->waiting_ = true;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h
index 46681843d2..28c8089748 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h
+++ b/esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.h
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
+#include <span>
+
 namespace esphome::kuntze {
 
 class Kuntze final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ class Kuntze final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice
   void loop() override;
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py b/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py
index c11ede9db6..51d23991e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/kuntze/sensor.py
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("kuntze", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("kuntze", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py
index d4e6213425..3319c9be4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lc709203f/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py
index bf1072ce66..08ec395720 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_DIMENSIONS, CONF_POSITION
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_USER_CHARACTERS = "user_characters"
 
@@ -9,7 +13,7 @@ lcd_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("lcd_base")
 LCDDisplay = lcd_base_ns.class_("LCDDisplay", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 
-def validate_lcd_dimensions(value):
+def validate_lcd_dimensions(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     value = cv.dimensions(value)
     if value[0] > 0x40:
         raise cv.Invalid("LCD displays can't have more than 64 columns")
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ def validate_lcd_dimensions(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_user_characters(value):
+def validate_user_characters(value: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
     positions = set()
     for conf in value:
         if conf[CONF_POSITION] in positions:
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ LCD_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_lcd_display(var, config):
+async def setup_lcd_display(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_dimensions(config[CONF_DIMENSIONS][0], config[CONF_DIMENSIONS][1]))
     if CONF_USER_CHARACTERS in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py b/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py
index 0a77daf336..10e21c87d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_gpio/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RS_PIN,
     CONF_RW_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["lcd_base"]
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ lcd_gpio_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("lcd_gpio")
 GPIOLCDDisplay = lcd_gpio_ns.class_("GPIOLCDDisplay", lcd_base.LCDDisplay)
 
 
-def validate_pin_length(value):
+def validate_pin_length(value: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
     if len(value) != 4 and len(value) != 8:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"LCD Displays can either operate in 4-pin or 8-pin mode,not {len(value)}-pin mode"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = lcd_base.LCD_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await lcd_base.setup_lcd_display(var, config)
     pins_ = [await cg.gpio_pin_expression(conf) for conf in config[CONF_DATA_PINS]]
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py
index 3f3162e31e..88b8ac21d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_menu/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.display_menu_base import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DIMENSIONS, CONF_DISPLAY_ID, CONF_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@numo68"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ LCDCharacterMenuComponent = lcd_menu_ns.class_(
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 
-def validate_lcd_dimensions(config):
+def validate_lcd_dimensions(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_DIMENSIONS][0] < MINIMUM_COLUMNS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"LCD display must have at least {MINIMUM_COLUMNS} columns to be usable with the menu"
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     disp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DISPLAY_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py b/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py
index 410c7f81b7..85a79e99ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, lcd_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["lcd_base"]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = lcd_base.LCD_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x3F))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await lcd_base.setup_lcd_display(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
index 360e56330a..19786f38d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_THROTTLE, CONF_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -102,7 +105,12 @@ BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def bluetooth_password_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def bluetooth_password_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_PASSWORD], args, cg.std_string)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py
index fb5b5cabff..2b68733532 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ACCOUNT,
     ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py
index fa6f31ee25..59a9558331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
         b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index 32e49c643f..914de8e145 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ld2410 {
 
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char version_s[20];
   const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
   ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
+      char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
index a0cce36d16..061846f1f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class LD2410Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint8_t out_pin_level_ = 0;
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   bool bluetooth_on_{false};
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py
index 01dbcc785d..3500d704a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if timeout_config := config.get(CONF_TIMEOUT):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py
index 9c4f654aa1..e89e3d5997 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_SCALE,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if distance_resolution_config := config.get(CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py
index 459018e263..ca42b3a1d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if moving_distance_config := config.get(CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(moving_distance_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py
index 4276b28a71..6d8053ddd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_PULSE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if engineering_mode_config := config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE):
         s = await switch.new_switch(engineering_mode_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py
index a34c8ec0d2..25c61a4825 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_CHIP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2410_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py
index e701d0bda9..82db319861 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Rihan9"]
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py
index 98fa5965cd..80cff014c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ACCOUNT,
     ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if dynamic_background_correction_status_config := config.get(
         CONF_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION_STATUS
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py
index e0ca285265..5a1ea2e6a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
         b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index 093e8c72dc..7041b7539f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 }
 
 void LD2412Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char version_s[20];
   const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
   ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
+      char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h
index f722f938ae..a52402c2ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class LD2412Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint8_t out_pin_level_ = 0;
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   bool bluetooth_on_{false};
   bool dynamic_background_correction_active_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py
index b6e1c8d039..1a81c330ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if light_threshold_config := config.get(CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py
index a54cd700ed..02ecf2c30f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_SCALE,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if baud_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BAUD_RATE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py
index f562afe0ee..0b6e676931 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_EMPTY,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if detection_distance_config := config.get(CONF_DETECTION_DISTANCE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(detection_distance_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py
index 7a87e9e483..e7f71222fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_PULSE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if bluetooth_config := config.get(CONF_BLUETOOTH):
         s = await switch.new_switch(bluetooth_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py
index 22fba5193e..c8e9f42ef3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_CHIP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2412_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py
index 71a5fa13e4..5a5aabeba0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@descipher"]
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5ebc4a9f63..76b42c0362 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, CONF_ID, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if CONF_HAS_TARGET in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py
index dfeb121c91..cfcffd0922 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/button/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2420_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2420_ID])
     if apply_config := config.get(CONF_APPLY_CONFIG):
         b = await button.new_button(apply_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index ae622cda28..4aa00f8fd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -184,8 +184,6 @@ static int32_t get_firmware_int(const char *version_string) {
   return result;
 }
 
-float LD2420Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BUS; }
-
 void LD2420Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "LD2420:\n"
@@ -746,7 +744,14 @@ void LD2420Component::set_reg_value(uint16_t reg, uint16_t value) {
   this->send_cmd_from_array(cmd_frame);
 }
 
-void LD2420Component::handle_cmd_error(uint8_t error) { ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command failed: %s", ERR_MESSAGE[error]); }
+void LD2420Component::handle_cmd_error(uint16_t error) {
+  if (error < std::size(ERR_MESSAGE)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command failed: %s", ERR_MESSAGE[error]);
+  } else {
+    // The error word comes from the device reply frame; unknown codes must not index ERR_MESSAGE
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command failed: error 0x%04X", error);
+  }
+}
 
 int LD2420Component::get_gate_threshold_(uint8_t gate) {
   uint8_t error;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
index ae44b16065..e13d0271e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
@@ -105,10 +105,9 @@ class LD2420Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void apply_config_action();
   void factory_reset_action();
   void revert_config_action();
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
   int send_cmd_from_array(CmdFrameT cmd_frame);
   void report_gate_data();
-  void handle_cmd_error(uint8_t error);
+  void handle_cmd_error(uint16_t error);
   void set_operating_mode(const char *state);
   void auto_calibrate_sensitivity();
   void update_radar_data(uint16_t const *gate_energy, uint8_t sample_number);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py
index a2637b7b06..448639c911 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/number/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_TIMELAPSE,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2420_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2420_ID])
     if gate_timeout_config := config.get(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py
index b9059c120f..cd66064e47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LD2420_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2420_ID])
     if operating_mode_config := config.get(CONF_OPERATING_MODE):
         sel = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py
index 97acdabd7b..f98d63585b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 14d982e5fb..cee8f25c1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, ICON_CHIP
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2420_ID, LD2420Component, ld2420_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if CONF_FW_VERSION in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
index 585c9f7bf5..4c37f4fcd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_DATA, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py
index 89e629253a..779d151fd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py
index 682487d750..42cadd2052 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
         b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 0dc2638aad..4b41d63a88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ void LD2450Component::setup() {
 }
 
 void LD2450Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char version_s[20];
   const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
   ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
+      char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index 10f9bb874a..c4f06ad224 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint32_t moving_presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t timeout_ = 5;
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t zone_type_ = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py
index 799c0703f2..4f242076d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if presence_timeout_config := config.get(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py
index 4f237dc94f..d91b42426a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if baud_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BAUD_RATE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py
index ce58cedf11..40462e202d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_TARGET_COUNT
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ANGLE,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
 
@@ -21,7 +23,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2450"]
 
 CONF_MOVING_TARGET_COUNT = "moving_target_count"
 CONF_STILL_TARGET_COUNT = "still_target_count"
-CONF_TARGET_COUNT = "target_count"
 
 ICON_ACCOUNT_GROUP = "mdi:account-group"
 ICON_ACCOUNT_SWITCH = "mdi:account-switch"
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
 
     if target_count_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET_COUNT):
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py
index 0c0c92377b..084f79ee1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
     ICON_PULSE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if bluetooth_config := config.get(CONF_BLUETOOTH):
         s = await switch.new_switch(bluetooth_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py
index 4e5d7d419b..a8b978ef48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_CHIP,
     ICON_SIGN_DIRECTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h b/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h
index cba1b68a15..deac04e86f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld24xx/ld24xx.h
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ static const char *const VERSION_FMT = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
 
 // Helper function to format MAC address with stack allocation
 // Returns pointer to UNKNOWN_MAC constant or formatted buffer
-// Buffer must be exactly 18 bytes (17 for "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" + null terminator)
-inline const char *format_mac_str(const uint8_t *mac_address, std::span<char, 18> buffer) {
+inline const char *format_mac_str(const uint8_t *mac_address, std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   if (mac_address_is_valid(mac_address)) {
     format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, buffer.data());
     return buffer.data();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af1e501a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_WAKEUP_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .const import CONF_AUTO_WAKE, CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@hepter"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+
+ld6002b_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ld6002b")
+LD6002BComponent = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BComponent", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
+
+
+def _validate_wakeup_options(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject wake options that would silently do nothing.
+
+    Runs before the schema so the defaults for the keys below have not been
+    filled in yet and an explicit user value is still distinguishable from one.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(config, dict):
+        return config
+    if CONF_WAKEUP_PIN in config:
+        return config
+    for key in (CONF_AUTO_WAKE, CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE):
+        if key in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{key}' requires '{CONF_WAKEUP_PIN}' to be configured", path=[key]
+            )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    _validate_wakeup_options,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LD6002BComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE, default="50ms"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_WAKE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    "ld6002b",
+    baud_rate=115200,
+    require_tx=True,
+    require_rx=True,
+    data_bits=8,
+    parity="NONE",
+    stop_bits=1,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+
+    if wakeup_pin_config := config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN):
+        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(wakeup_pin_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_wakeup_pin(pin))
+
+    cg.add(var.set_wakeup_pulse_ms(config[CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE].total_milliseconds))
+
+    cg.add(var.set_auto_wake(config[CONF_AUTO_WAKE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74095d5ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/binary_sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import LD6002BComponent
+from .const import AREA_COUNT, CONF_LD6002B_ID, MAX_TARGETS
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+            )
+            for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(f"detection_area_{i}"): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+            )
+            for i in range(AREA_COUNT)
+        }
+    )
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    if target_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET):
+        sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(target_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_presence_binary_sensor(sens))
+
+    for i in range(MAX_TARGETS):
+        if target_config := config.get(f"target_{i + 1}"):
+            sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(target_config)
+            cg.add(hub.set_target_presence_binary_sensor(i, sens))
+
+    for i in range(AREA_COUNT):
+        if area_config := config.get(f"detection_area_{i}"):
+            sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(area_config)
+            cg.add(hub.set_area_presence_binary_sensor(i, sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a664890a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import button
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AREA_ID,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_WAKEUP_PIN,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+)
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import (
+    CONF_APPLY_AREA,
+    CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_GET_AREAS,
+    CONF_GET_DELAY,
+    CONF_GET_INSTALLATION,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+    CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY,
+    CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+    CONF_GET_Z_RANGE,
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA,
+    CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED,
+    CONF_WAKE,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BButton = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BButton", button.Button)
+ButtonType = ld6002b_ns.enum("ButtonType", is_class=True)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_APPLY_AREA): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_AREAS): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_DELAY): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_Z_RANGE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_INSTALLATION): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WAKE): button.button_schema(
+            LD6002BButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    hub_id = config[CONF_LD6002B_ID]
+
+    if config.get(CONF_APPLY_AREA):
+        has_area_id_select = any(
+            entry.get(CONF_LD6002B_ID) == hub_id and entry.get(CONF_AREA_ID) is not None
+            for entry in full_config.get("select", [])
+        )
+        if not has_area_id_select:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_APPLY_AREA} requires select.area_id for the same ld6002b instance",
+                path=[CONF_APPLY_AREA],
+            )
+
+    if config.get(CONF_WAKE):
+        hub_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(hub_id)
+        hub_config = full_config.get_config_for_path(hub_path[:-1])
+        if hub_config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN) is None:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_WAKE} requires {CONF_WAKEUP_PIN} on the parent ld6002b component",
+                path=[CONF_WAKE],
+            )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
+
+BUTTON_MAP = {
+    CONF_APPLY_AREA: ButtonType.APPLY_AREA,
+    CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE: ButtonType.AUTO_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_GET_AREAS: ButtonType.GET_AREAS,
+    CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE: ButtonType.CLEAR_INTERFERENCE,
+    CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA: ButtonType.RESET_DETECTION_AREA,
+    CONF_GET_DELAY: ButtonType.GET_DELAY,
+    CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY: ButtonType.GET_SENSITIVITY,
+    CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED: ButtonType.GET_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+    CONF_GET_Z_RANGE: ButtonType.GET_Z_RANGE,
+    CONF_GET_INSTALLATION: ButtonType.GET_INSTALLATION,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE: ButtonType.GET_LOW_POWER_MODE,
+    CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME: ButtonType.GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+    CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED: ButtonType.RESET_UNATTENDED,
+    CONF_WAKE: ButtonType.WAKE,
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    for key, button_type in BUTTON_MAP.items():
+        if button_config := config.get(key):
+            b = cg.new_Pvariable(button_config[CONF_ID], button_type)
+            await button.register_button(b, button_config)
+            await cg.register_parented(b, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb398a9a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "ld6002b_button.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BButton::press_action() { this->parent_->press_button(this->type_); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c222143453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/button/ld6002b_button.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BButton(ButtonType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+
+  ButtonType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7c3f54a6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/const.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+CONF_APPLY_AREA = "apply_area"
+CONF_AREA_CONFIG = "area_config"
+CONF_AUTO_INTERFERENCE = "auto_interference"
+CONF_AUTO_WAKE = "auto_wake"
+CONF_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE = "clear_interference"
+CONF_CLUSTER_ID = "cluster_id"
+CONF_DOPPLER_INDEX = "doppler_index"
+CONF_GET_AREAS = "get_areas"
+CONF_GET_DELAY = "get_delay"
+CONF_GET_INSTALLATION = "get_installation"
+CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_MODE = "get_low_power_mode"
+CONF_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME = "get_low_power_sleep_time"
+CONF_GET_SENSITIVITY = "get_sensitivity"
+CONF_GET_TRIGGER_SPEED = "get_trigger_speed"
+CONF_GET_Z_RANGE = "get_z_range"
+CONF_HOLD_DELAY = "hold_delay"
+CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE = "installation_mode"
+CONF_LD6002B_ID = "ld6002b_id"
+CONF_LOW_POWER = "low_power"
+CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME = "low_power_sleep_time"
+CONF_OTA_VERSION = "ota_version"
+CONF_POINT_CLOUD = "point_cloud"
+CONF_POINT_COUNT = "point_count"
+CONF_RESET_DETECTION_AREA = "reset_detection_area"
+CONF_RESET_UNATTENDED = "reset_unattended"
+CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY = "target_display"
+CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED = "trigger_speed"
+CONF_WAKE = "wake"
+CONF_WAKEUP_PULSE = "wakeup_pulse"
+CONF_WORK_MODE = "work_mode"
+CONF_Z = "z"
+CONF_Z_MAX = "z_max"
+CONF_Z_MIN = "z_min"
+
+KEY_X_MIN = "x_min"
+KEY_X_MAX = "x_max"
+KEY_Y_MIN = "y_min"
+KEY_Y_MAX = "y_max"
+
+AREA_COUNT = 4
+MAX_TARGETS = 3
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca6b9b9552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1879 @@
+#include "ld6002b.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ld6002b";
+
+static constexpr uint8_t TF_SOF = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint32_t SETUP_DELAY_MS = 100;
+
+// Command/message types
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_CONTROL = 0x0201;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_AREA = 0x0202;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_HOLD_DELAY = 0x0203;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_Z_RANGE = 0x0204;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_SET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP = 0x0205;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_TARGET = 0x0A04;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_POINT_CLOUD = 0x0A08;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_AREA_PRESENCE = 0x0A0A;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS = 0x0A0B;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS = 0x0A0C;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_DELAY = 0x0A0D;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY = 0x0A0E;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER = 0x0A0F;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE = 0x0A10;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION = 0x0A11;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER = 0x0A12;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP = 0x0A13;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_REPORT_WORK_MODE = 0x0A14;
+static constexpr uint16_t TYPE_QUERY_VERSION = 0xFFFF;
+
+// Control command values for TYPE_CONTROL
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_AUTO_INTERFERENCE = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_AREAS = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_RESET_DETECTION_AREA = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_DELAY = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON = 0x08;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_OFF = 0x09;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_SENSITIVITY_LOW = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_SENSITIVITY_MEDIUM = 0x0B;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_SENSITIVITY_HIGH = 0x0C;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY = 0x0D;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TRIGGER_SLOW = 0x0E;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TRIGGER_MEDIUM = 0x0F;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_TRIGGER_FAST = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_TRIGGER = 0x11;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_Z_RANGE = 0x12;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_INSTALL_TOP = 0x13;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_INSTALL_SIDE = 0x14;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_INSTALLATION = 0x15;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_LOW_POWER_ON = 0x16;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF = 0x17;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_LOW_POWER = 0x18;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP = 0x19;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_RESET_UNATTENDED = 0x1A;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t TARGET_DATA_LEN = 20;         // x,y,z,dop_idx,cluster_id
+static constexpr uint16_t AREA_DATA_LEN = 24;           // 6 floats
+static constexpr uint16_t AREA_CONFIG_LEN = 28;         // int32 + 6 floats
+static constexpr uint16_t AREA_PRESENCE_ENTRY_LEN = 4;  // uint32 per detection area
+
+static constexpr uint8_t AREA_ID_DEFAULT = 4;  // detection_area_0 for initial display
+
+static constexpr uint8_t VERSION_QUERY_DATA[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
+static const char *control_command_name(uint32_t command) {
+  switch (command) {
+    case CMD_AUTO_INTERFERENCE:
+      return "auto_interference";
+    case CMD_GET_AREAS:
+      return "get_areas";
+    case CMD_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE:
+      return "clear_interference";
+    case CMD_RESET_DETECTION_AREA:
+      return "reset_detection_area";
+    case CMD_GET_DELAY:
+      return "get_delay";
+    case CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON:
+      return "point_cloud_on";
+    case CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF:
+      return "point_cloud_off";
+    case CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON:
+      return "target_display_on";
+    case CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_OFF:
+      return "target_display_off";
+    case CMD_SENSITIVITY_LOW:
+      return "sensitivity_low";
+    case CMD_SENSITIVITY_MEDIUM:
+      return "sensitivity_medium";
+    case CMD_SENSITIVITY_HIGH:
+      return "sensitivity_high";
+    case CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY:
+      return "get_sensitivity";
+    case CMD_TRIGGER_SLOW:
+      return "trigger_slow";
+    case CMD_TRIGGER_MEDIUM:
+      return "trigger_medium";
+    case CMD_TRIGGER_FAST:
+      return "trigger_fast";
+    case CMD_GET_TRIGGER:
+      return "get_trigger";
+    case CMD_GET_Z_RANGE:
+      return "get_z_range";
+    case CMD_INSTALL_TOP:
+      return "install_top";
+    case CMD_INSTALL_SIDE:
+      return "install_side";
+    case CMD_GET_INSTALLATION:
+      return "get_installation";
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_ON:
+      return "low_power_on";
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF:
+      return "low_power_off";
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER:
+      return "get_low_power";
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return "get_low_power_sleep";
+    case CMD_RESET_UNATTENDED:
+      return "reset_unattended";
+    default:
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+}
+
+static const char *frame_type_name(uint16_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case TYPE_CONTROL:
+      return "control";
+    case TYPE_SET_AREA:
+      return "set_area";
+    case TYPE_SET_HOLD_DELAY:
+      return "set_hold_delay";
+    case TYPE_SET_Z_RANGE:
+      return "set_z_range";
+    case TYPE_SET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return "set_low_power_sleep";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TARGET:
+      return "report_target";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_POINT_CLOUD:
+      return "report_point_cloud";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_AREA_PRESENCE:
+      return "report_area_presence";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS:
+      return "report_interference_areas";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS:
+      return "report_detection_areas";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DELAY:
+      return "report_delay";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY:
+      return "report_sensitivity";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER:
+      return "report_trigger";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE:
+      return "report_z_range";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION:
+      return "report_installation";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER:
+      return "report_low_power";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return "report_low_power_sleep";
+    case TYPE_REPORT_WORK_MODE:
+      return "report_work_mode";
+    case TYPE_QUERY_VERSION:
+      return "query_version";
+    default:
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+}
+
+static bool is_expected_control_report(uint32_t command, uint16_t type) {
+  switch (command) {
+    case CMD_GET_AREAS:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS || type == TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS;
+    case CMD_GET_DELAY:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_DELAY;
+    case CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY;
+    case CMD_GET_TRIGGER:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER;
+    case CMD_GET_Z_RANGE:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE;
+    case CMD_GET_INSTALLATION:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION;
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER:
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_ON:
+    case CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER;
+    case CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      return type == TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+uint16_t LD6002BComponent::read_u16_be(const uint8_t *data) { return (static_cast<uint16_t>(data[0]) << 8) | data[1]; }
+
+uint32_t LD6002BComponent::read_u32_le(const uint8_t *data) {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(data[0]) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[1]) << 8) |
+         (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[2]) << 16) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[3]) << 24);
+}
+
+int32_t LD6002BComponent::read_int32_le(const uint8_t *data) {
+  uint32_t raw = read_u32_le(data);
+  int32_t value;
+  std::memcpy(&value, &raw, sizeof(value));
+  return value;
+}
+
+float LD6002BComponent::read_f32_le(const uint8_t *data) {
+  uint32_t raw = read_u32_le(data);
+  float value;
+  std::memcpy(&value, &raw, sizeof(value));
+  return value;
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::write_u32_le(uint8_t *data, uint32_t value) {
+  data[0] = value & 0xFF;
+  data[1] = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
+  data[2] = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;
+  data[3] = (value >> 24) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::write_int32_le(uint8_t *data, int32_t value) {
+  write_u32_le(data, static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::write_f32_le(uint8_t *data, float value) {
+  uint32_t raw;
+  std::memcpy(&raw, &value, sizeof(raw));
+  write_u32_le(data, raw);
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::setup() {
+  // Only the point cloud stream needs the larger frame; nothing resizes the buffer after setup.
+  bool point_cloud_configured = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  point_cloud_configured = point_cloud_configured || this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  point_cloud_configured = point_cloud_configured || this->point_cloud_switch_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+  this->max_data_len_ = point_cloud_configured ? DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN_POINT_CLOUD : DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN;
+  // One allocation for the component lifetime; the parser reuses it for the header and every payload.
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  this->data_buf_ = allocator.allocate(this->max_data_len_);
+  if (this->data_buf_ == nullptr) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to allocate frame buffer"));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->wakeup_pin_->setup();
+    this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+
+  this->set_timeout(SETUP_DELAY_MS, [this]() {
+    bool want_target_stream = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    want_target_stream = want_target_stream || this->target_count_sensor_ != nullptr;
+    if (!want_target_stream) {
+      for (const auto &target : this->targets_) {
+        if (target.x != nullptr || target.y != nullptr || target.z != nullptr || target.dop_idx != nullptr ||
+            target.cluster_id != nullptr) {
+          want_target_stream = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+    want_target_stream = want_target_stream || this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr;
+    if (!want_target_stream) {
+      for (auto *sensor : this->target_presence_) {
+        if (sensor != nullptr) {
+          want_target_stream = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    // The work mode fallback reads presence off this stream, so it counts as a
+    // consumer of it here.  This only feeds the automatic branch below: with a
+    // target_display switch configured that switch still decides, and the
+    // fallback weighs no presence at all while the stream is off.
+    want_target_stream = want_target_stream || this->work_mode_text_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+    bool target_display_controlled = false;
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+    if (this->target_display_switch_ != nullptr) {
+      target_display_controlled = true;
+      // Nothing reports this switch back, so its restored state is the only state
+      // there is.  Restoring through the switch keeps its inversion in the path:
+      // the restored value is logical, and turn_on()/turn_off() are what turn it
+      // into the raw command, the published state and the stream flag.
+      const bool state = this->target_display_switch_->get_initial_state_with_restore_mode().value_or(true);
+      if (state) {
+        this->target_display_switch_->turn_on();
+      } else {
+        this->target_display_switch_->turn_off();
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!target_display_controlled) {
+      // No switch: the stream follows its consumers.  With none, nothing is sent
+      // and the module's own default stands -- but the reports are gated out
+      // regardless, because there is nothing configured for them to feed.
+      this->target_display_enabled_ = want_target_stream;
+      if (want_target_stream) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON);
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool point_cloud_controlled = false;
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+    if (this->point_cloud_switch_ != nullptr) {
+      point_cloud_controlled = true;
+      // The switch owns the stream, so it is also what applies the restored state:
+      // driving it rather than the module keeps the entity's inversion in the path.
+      const bool state = this->point_cloud_switch_->get_initial_state_with_restore_mode().value_or(false);
+      if (state) {
+        this->point_cloud_switch_->turn_on();
+      } else {
+        this->point_cloud_switch_->turn_off();
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!point_cloud_controlled) {
+      // No switch: the stream follows the sensor that reads it, which is also what
+      // the frame buffer above was sized for.
+      bool want_point_cloud = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+      want_point_cloud = this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+      this->send_control_command_(want_point_cloud ? CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON : CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF);
+      this->point_cloud_enabled_ = want_point_cloud;
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+    if (this->sensitivity_select_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY);
+    }
+    if (this->trigger_speed_select_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_TRIGGER);
+    }
+    if (this->installation_select_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_INSTALLATION);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    if (this->z_min_number_ != nullptr || this->z_max_number_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_Z_RANGE);
+    }
+    if (this->low_power_sleep_number_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP);
+    }
+    if (this->hold_delay_number_ != nullptr) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_DELAY);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+    bool want_low_power = this->low_power_switch_ != nullptr;
+    if (want_low_power) {
+      // The module reports this one back, so the query below confirms what it took.
+      // Driving the switch applies its inversion; it also marks the restored value
+      // as reported, so the work mode fallback runs on that until the query lands.
+      const bool state = this->low_power_switch_->get_initial_state_with_restore_mode().value_or(false);
+      if (state) {
+        this->low_power_switch_->turn_on();
+      } else {
+        this->low_power_switch_->turn_off();
+      }
+    }
+#else
+    bool want_low_power = false;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    want_low_power = want_low_power || this->work_mode_text_sensor_ != nullptr;
+#endif
+    if (want_low_power) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER);
+    }
+
+    bool want_area_report = false;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    for (const auto &area : this->interference_areas_) {
+      if (area.x_min != nullptr || area.x_max != nullptr || area.y_min != nullptr || area.y_max != nullptr ||
+          area.z_min != nullptr || area.z_max != nullptr) {
+        want_area_report = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!want_area_report) {
+      for (const auto &area : this->detection_areas_) {
+        if (area.x_min != nullptr || area.x_max != nullptr || area.y_min != nullptr || area.y_max != nullptr ||
+            area.z_min != nullptr || area.z_max != nullptr) {
+          want_area_report = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    if (this->area_x_min_number_ != nullptr || this->area_x_max_number_ != nullptr ||
+        this->area_y_min_number_ != nullptr || this->area_y_max_number_ != nullptr ||
+        this->area_z_min_number_ != nullptr || this->area_z_max_number_ != nullptr) {
+      want_area_report = true;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (want_area_report) {
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+    }
+
+    this->init_area_id_pref_();
+    this->init_version_pref_();
+
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    if (this->ota_version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->queue_command_(TYPE_QUERY_VERSION, VERSION_QUERY_DATA, sizeof(VERSION_QUERY_DATA));
+    }
+#endif
+  });
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "HLK-LD6002B:\n"
+                "  Auto wake: %s\n"
+                "  Max data length: %u",
+                this->auto_wake_ ? "true" : "false", static_cast<unsigned>(this->max_data_len_));
+  if (this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    LOG_PIN("  Wake-up Pin: ", this->wakeup_pin_);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wake Pulse: %" PRIu32 "ms", this->wakeup_pulse_ms_);
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Count", this->target_count_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Point Count", this->point_count_sensor_);
+  for (auto &target : this->targets_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target X", target.x);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Y", target.y);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Z", target.z);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Doppler Index", target.dop_idx);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Target Cluster ID", target.cluster_id);
+  }
+  for (auto &area : this->interference_areas_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area X Min", area.x_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area X Max", area.x_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Y Min", area.y_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Y Max", area.y_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Z Min", area.z_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Interference Area Z Max", area.z_max);
+  }
+  for (auto &area : this->detection_areas_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area X Min", area.x_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area X Max", area.x_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Y Min", area.y_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Y Max", area.y_max);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Z Min", area.z_min);
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Z Max", area.z_max);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Presence", this->presence_binary_sensor_);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS; i++) {
+    LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Target Presence", this->target_presence_[i]);
+  }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Detection Area Presence", this->area_presence_[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "Work Mode", this->work_mode_text_sensor_);
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "OTA Version", this->ota_version_text_sensor_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Hold Delay", this->hold_delay_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Z Min", this->z_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Z Max", this->z_max_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Low Power Sleep", this->low_power_sleep_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area X Min", this->area_x_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area X Max", this->area_x_max_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Y Min", this->area_y_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Y Max", this->area_y_max_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Z Min", this->area_z_min_number_);
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "Area Z Max", this->area_z_max_number_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "Low Power", this->low_power_switch_);
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "Point Cloud", this->point_cloud_switch_);
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "Target Display", this->target_display_switch_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Sensitivity", this->sensitivity_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Trigger Speed", this->trigger_speed_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Installation Mode", this->installation_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "Area ID", this->area_id_select_);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::loop() {
+  while (this->available()) {
+    uint8_t byte = this->read();
+    this->parse_byte_(byte);
+  }
+  this->process_command_queue_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::reset_parser_() {
+  this->parse_state_ = ParseState::SOF;
+  this->header_pos_ = 0;
+  this->header_xor_ = 0;
+  this->data_len_ = 0;
+  this->data_pos_ = 0;
+  this->data_xor_ = 0;
+  this->discard_remaining_ = 0;
+  this->frame_oversize_ = false;
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
+  switch (this->parse_state_) {
+    case ParseState::DISCARD:
+      // discard_remaining_ is unsigned: an unguarded decrement at zero would swallow 4 GB of stream.
+      if (this->discard_remaining_ > 0) {
+        this->discard_remaining_--;
+      }
+      if (this->discard_remaining_ == 0) {
+        this->reset_parser_();
+      }
+      return;
+    case ParseState::SOF:
+      if (byte != TF_SOF)
+        return;
+      this->header_pos_ = 0;
+      this->header_xor_ = 0;
+      this->header_xor_ ^= byte;
+      this->parse_state_ = ParseState::HEADER;
+      return;
+    case ParseState::HEADER:
+      if (this->header_pos_ < 6) {
+        this->data_buf_[this->header_pos_] = byte;
+        this->header_xor_ ^= byte;
+        this->header_pos_++;
+        if (this->header_pos_ == 6) {
+          this->frame_id_ = read_u16_be(this->data_buf_);
+          this->data_len_ = read_u16_be(this->data_buf_ + 2);
+          this->frame_type_ = read_u16_be(this->data_buf_ + 4);
+          // The length is only trustworthy once the header checksum has been verified, so just
+          // remember that the frame is oversized and let the HCK state act on it.
+          this->frame_oversize_ = this->data_len_ > this->max_data_len_;
+          this->parse_state_ = ParseState::HCK;
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    case ParseState::HCK: {
+      uint8_t expected = static_cast<uint8_t>(~this->header_xor_);
+      if (byte != expected) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header checksum mismatch");
+        this->reset_parser_();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (this->frame_oversize_) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Frame too large: %u", this->data_len_);
+        // The header is verified, so the length can be trusted: skip the payload and its checksum.
+        this->discard_remaining_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->data_len_) + 1;
+        this->parse_state_ = ParseState::DISCARD;
+        return;
+      }
+      if (this->data_len_ == 0) {
+        this->handle_frame_(this->frame_type_, nullptr, 0);
+        this->reset_parser_();
+      } else {
+        this->data_pos_ = 0;
+        this->data_xor_ = 0;
+        this->parse_state_ = ParseState::DATA;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    case ParseState::DATA:
+      this->data_buf_[this->data_pos_++] = byte;
+      this->data_xor_ ^= byte;
+      if (this->data_pos_ >= this->data_len_) {
+        this->parse_state_ = ParseState::DCK;
+      }
+      return;
+    case ParseState::DCK: {
+      uint8_t expected = static_cast<uint8_t>(~this->data_xor_);
+      if (byte == expected) {
+        this->handle_frame_(this->frame_type_, this->data_buf_, this->data_len_);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data checksum mismatch");
+      }
+      this->reset_parser_();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  this->last_traffic_ms_ = millis();
+  if (this->stale_ack_count_ > 0 && millis() - this->stale_ack_ms_ > STALE_ACK_MAX_AGE_MS) {
+    this->stale_ack_count_ = 0;
+  }
+  // ACKs carry no id and arrive in send order: debt from earlier attempts is paid before the active command.
+  if (len == 0 && this->stale_ack_count_ > 0 && this->stale_ack_type_ == type) {
+    this->stale_ack_count_--;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring ACK for command 0x%04X from an earlier attempt (module frame 0x%04X)", type,
+             this->frame_id_);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (len == 0 && this->command_active_ && this->command_sent_ && type == this->active_command_.type) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "ACK for command 0x%04X (module frame 0x%04X)", type, this->frame_id_);
+    const bool refresh_areas = (type == TYPE_SET_AREA) && this->area_write_in_flight_;
+    // This settles one expected reply; the rest stay owed and become the debt for the next command.
+    this->send_generation_++;
+    this->stale_ack_type_ = type;
+    this->stale_ack_count_ = this->acks_expected_ > 0 ? static_cast<uint8_t>(this->acks_expected_ - 1) : 0;
+    this->stale_ack_ms_ = millis();
+    this->command_active_ = false;
+    this->command_sent_ = false;
+    this->last_send_ms_ = 0;
+    this->process_command_queue_();
+    if (refresh_areas) {
+      this->area_write_in_flight_ = false;
+      this->set_timeout(AREA_REFRESH_TIMEOUT, 50, [this]() { this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS); });
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
+  const uint32_t active_control_command =
+      (this->command_active_ && this->active_command_.type == TYPE_CONTROL && this->active_command_.len >= 4)
+          ? read_u32_le(this->active_command_.data.data())
+          : 0;
+  if (active_control_command != 0 && is_expected_control_report(active_control_command, type)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received %s (0x%04X) while waiting for %s (0x%02" PRIX32 ") ACK", frame_type_name(type), type,
+             control_command_name(active_control_command), active_control_command);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  switch (type) {
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TARGET:
+      this->handle_target_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_POINT_CLOUD:
+      this->handle_point_cloud_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_AREA_PRESENCE:
+      this->handle_area_presence_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INTERFERENCE_AREAS:
+      this->handle_area_report_(true, data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DETECTION_AREAS:
+      this->handle_area_report_(false, data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_DELAY:
+      this->handle_delay_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_SENSITIVITY:
+      this->handle_sensitivity_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_TRIGGER:
+      this->handle_trigger_speed_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_Z_RANGE:
+      this->handle_z_range_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_INSTALLATION:
+      this->handle_installation_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER:
+      this->handle_low_power_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_LOW_POWER_SLEEP:
+      this->handle_low_power_sleep_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_REPORT_WORK_MODE:
+      this->handle_work_mode_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    case TYPE_QUERY_VERSION:
+      this->handle_version_report_(data, len);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  // The module stops streaming when it acts on the command, not when the command
+  // is queued, so trailing frames after an off must not repopulate what
+  // set_switch_state just cleared.
+  if (!this->target_display_enabled_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+
+  uint32_t target_num = read_u32_le(data);
+  uint16_t available = (len - 4) / TARGET_DATA_LEN;
+  // Un-narrowed: a report of e.g. 256 targets must not truncate to 0 and read as "absent".
+  const uint32_t reported = std::min<uint32_t>(target_num, available);
+  uint8_t count = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(reported, MAX_TARGETS));
+
+  // The module re-sorts its array by cluster id, so slots key on the id to track the person.
+  std::array<int32_t, MAX_TARGETS> wire_cluster{};
+  std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> wire_placed{};
+  std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> slot_seen{};
+  std::array<uint8_t, MAX_TARGETS> slot_wire{};
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    uint16_t cluster_offset = 4 + (i * TARGET_DATA_LEN) + 16;
+    wire_cluster[i] = static_cast<int32_t>(read_u32_le(data + cluster_offset));
+  }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    for (uint8_t s = 0; s < MAX_TARGETS; s++) {
+      if (this->slot_occupied_[s] && !slot_seen[s] && this->slot_cluster_[s] == wire_cluster[i]) {
+        slot_seen[s] = true;
+        wire_placed[i] = true;
+        slot_wire[s] = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  for (uint8_t s = 0; s < MAX_TARGETS; s++) {
+    if (!slot_seen[s]) {
+      this->slot_occupied_[s] = false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    if (wire_placed[i]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (uint8_t s = 0; s < MAX_TARGETS; s++) {
+      if (!this->slot_occupied_[s]) {
+        this->slot_occupied_[s] = true;
+        this->slot_cluster_[s] = wire_cluster[i];
+        slot_wire[s] = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  if (this->target_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (reported != this->last_target_count_) {
+      this->target_count_sensor_->publish_state(reported);
+      this->last_target_count_ = reported;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  this->target_presence_any_ = (reported > 0);
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+  if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+  }
+#endif
+  this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS; i++) {
+    bool has_target = this->slot_occupied_[i];
+    if (has_target) {
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+      uint16_t offset = 4 + (slot_wire[i] * TARGET_DATA_LEN);
+      float x = read_f32_le(data + offset + 0);
+      float y = read_f32_le(data + offset + 4);
+      float z = read_f32_le(data + offset + 8);
+      int32_t dop_idx = read_int32_le(data + offset + 12);
+      int32_t cluster_id = this->slot_cluster_[i];
+      TargetSensors &target = this->targets_[i];
+      if (target.x != nullptr) {
+        target.x->publish_state(x);
+      }
+      if (target.y != nullptr) {
+        target.y->publish_state(y);
+      }
+      if (target.z != nullptr) {
+        target.z->publish_state(z);
+      }
+      if (target.dop_idx != nullptr) {
+        target.dop_idx->publish_state(static_cast<float>(dop_idx));
+      }
+      if (target.cluster_id != nullptr) {
+        if (!this->last_cluster_id_valid_[i] || cluster_id != this->last_cluster_id_[i]) {
+          target.cluster_id->publish_state(static_cast<float>(cluster_id));
+          this->last_cluster_id_[i] = cluster_id;
+          this->last_cluster_id_valid_[i] = true;
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+    } else {
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+      this->clear_target_slot_(i);
+#endif
+    }
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+    if (this->target_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+      // publish_state() already skips unchanged states, no manual de-dup needed.
+      this->target_presence_[i]->publish_state(has_target);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    this->last_target_presence_[i] = has_target;
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_point_cloud_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  // Same window as the target stream: a frame already in flight must not put the
+  // count back after the switch cleared it.
+  if (!this->point_cloud_enabled_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  uint32_t point_num = read_u32_le(data);
+  if (this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (point_num != this->last_point_count_) {
+      this->point_count_sensor_->publish_state(point_num);
+      this->last_point_count_ = point_num;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// 0x0A0A carries one uint32 per detection area -- the protocol names the four
+// fields detection_state_area0..3 -- so this covers area ids 4..7 only.  The
+// interference areas have no presence report: a target inside one is what they
+// exist to suppress.
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_area_presence_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  const uint16_t needed = AREA_COUNT * AREA_PRESENCE_ENTRY_LEN;
+  if (len < needed)
+    return;
+
+  this->area_presence_any_ = false;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    uint32_t state = read_u32_le(data + (i * AREA_PRESENCE_ENTRY_LEN));
+    bool present = state != 0;
+    this->area_presence_any_ = this->area_presence_any_ || present;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+    if (this->area_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+      this->area_presence_[i]->publish_state(present);
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+  if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+  }
+#endif
+  this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_area_report_(bool interference, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  uint16_t needed = AREA_COUNT * AREA_DATA_LEN;
+  if (len < needed)
+    return;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    uint16_t offset = i * AREA_DATA_LEN;
+    float x_min = read_f32_le(data + offset + 0);
+    float x_max = read_f32_le(data + offset + 4);
+    float y_min = read_f32_le(data + offset + 8);
+    float y_max = read_f32_le(data + offset + 12);
+    float z_min = read_f32_le(data + offset + 16);
+    float z_max = read_f32_le(data + offset + 20);
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    AreaSensors &area = interference ? this->interference_areas_[i] : this->detection_areas_[i];
+    if (area.x_min != nullptr)
+      area.x_min->publish_state(x_min);
+    if (area.x_max != nullptr)
+      area.x_max->publish_state(x_max);
+    if (area.y_min != nullptr)
+      area.y_min->publish_state(y_min);
+    if (area.y_max != nullptr)
+      area.y_max->publish_state(y_max);
+    if (area.z_min != nullptr)
+      area.z_min->publish_state(z_min);
+    if (area.z_max != nullptr)
+      area.z_max->publish_state(z_max);
+#endif
+
+    AreaConfig &store = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[i] : this->detection_area_values_[i];
+    store.x_min = x_min;
+    store.x_max = x_max;
+    store.y_min = y_min;
+    store.y_max = y_max;
+    store.z_min = z_min;
+    store.z_max = z_max;
+
+    uint8_t selected_id = this->area_id_set_ ? this->area_id_ : AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+    bool selected_interference = selected_id < AREA_COUNT;
+    uint8_t selected_index = selected_interference ? selected_id : static_cast<uint8_t>(selected_id - AREA_COUNT);
+    if (selected_interference == interference && selected_index == i) {
+      this->update_area_numbers_(store);
+    }
+  }
+  this->try_apply_pending_area_(interference);
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_delay_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  uint32_t delay = read_u32_le(data);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->hold_delay_number_, delay);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_sensitivity_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->sensitivity_select_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t value = data[0];
+  if (value <= 2) {
+    this->sensitivity_select_->publish_state(value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_trigger_speed_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->trigger_speed_select_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t value = data[0];
+  if (value <= 2) {
+    this->trigger_speed_select_->publish_state(value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_z_range_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 8)
+    return;
+  float z_min = read_f32_le(data);
+  float z_max = read_f32_le(data + 4);
+  this->z_min_ = z_min;
+  this->z_max_ = z_max;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->z_min_number_, z_min);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->z_max_number_, z_max);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_installation_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->installation_select_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t value = data[0];
+  if (value <= 1) {
+    this->installation_select_->publish_state(value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_low_power_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+  bool enabled = data[0] != 0;
+  this->low_power_enabled_ = enabled;
+  this->low_power_reported_ = true;
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  if (this->low_power_switch_ != nullptr) {
+    this->low_power_switch_->publish_state(enabled);
+  }
+#endif
+  this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_low_power_sleep_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  uint32_t sleep_ms = read_u32_le(data);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->low_power_sleep_number_, sleep_ms);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_work_mode_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 1)
+    return;
+  // Zero is the unattended half of this transition.  Read outside the text sensor's
+  // ifdef because the area sensors do not need one configured to have gone stale.
+  const bool low_power = (data[0] == 0);
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->work_mode_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->work_mode_reported_ = true;
+    this->publish_work_mode_(low_power);
+  }
+#endif
+  // Protocol V1.2 section 2.1.17: this message is sent only on the transition
+  // between the unattended low-power mode and normal operation, so a zero is the
+  // module stating that nobody is in any area.  Not while a target is still being
+  // tracked, though: the reset_unattended command is undocumented on whether it
+  // forces this report, and where two statements from the module disagree the live
+  // one wins.
+  if (low_power && !this->target_presence_any_) {
+    this->clear_area_presence_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::update_work_mode_fallback_() {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->work_mode_text_sensor_ == nullptr || this->work_mode_reported_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->low_power_reported_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Target presence is only meaningful while the stream that maintains it runs.
+  // Area presence keeps its own report, so it still counts with the target stream
+  // off and low power alone decides only when neither half has anything to say.
+  const bool presence = (this->target_display_enabled_ && this->target_presence_any_) || this->area_presence_any_;
+  this->publish_work_mode_(this->low_power_enabled_ && !presence);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::publish_work_mode_(bool low_power) {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->work_mode_text_sensor_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->last_work_mode_valid_ && this->last_work_mode_low_power_ == low_power) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->work_mode_text_sensor_->publish_state(low_power ? "low_power" : "normal");
+  this->last_work_mode_valid_ = true;
+  this->last_work_mode_low_power_ = low_power;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+void LD6002BComponent::publish_number_clamped_(number::Number *number, float value) {
+  if (number == nullptr)
+    return;
+  if (std::isnan(value)) {
+    // NAN is this component's "the module has not told us yet".  Publishing it on an
+    // entity that has never had a state would report a nan where unknown is the
+    // truth; on one that already shows a value it is the only way to say that value
+    // no longer describes the selected area.
+    if (number->has_state()) {
+      number->publish_state(value);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  const float min_value = number->traits.get_min_value();
+  const float max_value = number->traits.get_max_value();
+  // Outside the declared range the user cannot write the value back, so publish
+  // what they can reach and say what the module actually sent.
+  if (value < min_value || value > max_value) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': module reported %.1f, clamped to %.1f..%.1f", number->get_name().c_str(), value, min_value,
+             max_value);
+    value = std::clamp(value, min_value, max_value);
+  }
+  number->publish_state(value);
+}
+#endif
+
+void LD6002BComponent::handle_version_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (len < 4)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->ota_version_text_sensor_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  uint8_t project = data[0];
+  uint8_t major = data[1];
+  uint8_t minor = data[2];
+  uint8_t patch = data[3];
+  char buf[32];
+  if (project == 0) {
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u.%u.%u", major, minor, patch);
+  } else {
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "p%u %u.%u.%u", project, major, minor, patch);
+  }
+  this->ota_version_text_sensor_->publish_state(buf);
+  this->save_version_pref_(buf);
+#endif
+}
+
+bool LD6002BComponent::queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {
+  if (len > CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command data too large: %u", len);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (this->cmd_count_ >= CMD_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command queue full, dropping command 0x%04X", type);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  PendingCommand &cmd = this->cmd_queue_[this->cmd_tail_];
+  cmd.type = type;
+  cmd.len = len;
+  if (len > 0 && data != nullptr) {
+    std::memcpy(cmd.data.data(), data, len);
+  }
+
+  this->cmd_tail_ = (this->cmd_tail_ + 1) % CMD_QUEUE_SIZE;
+  this->cmd_count_++;
+  this->process_command_queue_();
+  return true;
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::process_command_queue_() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (this->command_active_) {
+    // A sleeping module consumes the opening attempt as its wake-up instead of answering it.
+    const uint32_t ack_timeout = this->attempts_sent_ <= 1 ? CMD_FIRST_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS : CMD_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS;
+    if (this->command_sent_ && now - this->last_send_ms_ >= ack_timeout) {
+      const uint32_t active_control_command =
+          (this->active_command_.type == TYPE_CONTROL && this->active_command_.len >= 4)
+              ? read_u32_le(this->active_command_.data.data())
+              : 0;
+      if (this->retries_left_ > 0) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
+        if (active_control_command != 0) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Retrying %s (0x%02" PRIX32 "), %u attempt(s) remaining",
+                   control_command_name(active_control_command), active_control_command, this->retries_left_);
+        } else {
+          // Writes without a control subcommand (hold delay, z-range) had no retry trace at all.
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Retrying command 0x%04X, %u attempt(s) remaining", this->active_command_.type,
+                   this->retries_left_);
+        }
+#endif
+        this->command_sent_ = false;
+        this->last_send_ms_ = 0;
+        this->send_command_(this->active_command_.type, this->active_command_.data.data(), this->active_command_.len);
+        this->retries_left_--;
+      } else {
+        if (active_control_command != 0) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command 0x%04X subcommand 0x%02" PRIX32 " timed out", this->active_command_.type,
+                   active_control_command);
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command 0x%04X timed out", this->active_command_.type);
+        }
+        if (this->active_command_.type == TYPE_SET_AREA) {
+          this->area_write_in_flight_ = false;
+        }
+        // The deferred apply is waiting on the report this command would have
+        // brought back, and nothing else re-arms it.  Dropping it here is the
+        // difference between one apply lost to a timeout and one that rides in on
+        // an unrelated area report later, writing bounds the user has moved on from.
+        if (active_control_command == CMD_GET_AREAS && this->deferred_apply_pending_) {
+          this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+          this->restore_deferred_edits_();
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area read timed out, dropping deferred area apply");
+        }
+        // A reply may still be in flight for the attempt we just gave up on, so carry one over as
+        // debt rather than clearing the ledger, or that late ACK would retire the successor. Only
+        // one: reaching this point means nothing was answered at all, so the older attempts are
+        // speculative, and carrying them would swallow the successor's own replies.
+        const uint16_t owed = (this->stale_ack_type_ == this->active_command_.type ? this->stale_ack_count_ : 0) +
+                              (this->acks_expected_ > 0 ? 1 : 0);
+        this->stale_ack_type_ = this->active_command_.type;
+        this->stale_ack_count_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint16_t>(owed, 255));
+        this->stale_ack_ms_ = now;
+        this->send_generation_++;
+        this->command_active_ = false;
+        this->command_sent_ = false;
+        this->last_send_ms_ = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->cmd_count_ == 0)
+    return;
+
+  this->active_command_ = this->cmd_queue_[this->cmd_head_];
+  this->cmd_head_ = (this->cmd_head_ + 1) % CMD_QUEUE_SIZE;
+  this->cmd_count_--;
+
+  this->send_generation_++;
+  this->retries_left_ = CMD_MAX_RETRIES;
+  this->command_active_ = true;
+  this->command_sent_ = false;
+  this->last_send_ms_ = 0;
+  this->attempts_sent_ = 0;
+  this->acks_expected_ = 0;
+  if (this->stale_ack_type_ != this->active_command_.type) {
+    this->stale_ack_count_ = 0;
+  }
+  this->send_command_(this->active_command_.type, this->active_command_.data.data(), this->active_command_.len);
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::send_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {
+  this->send_command_internal_(type, data, len, true);
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::send_command_internal_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len, bool track) {
+  if (len > CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command data too large: %u", len);
+    if (track) {
+      // Release the slot: an unwritten command is never acked and never times out.
+      this->command_active_ = false;
+      this->command_sent_ = false;
+      this->last_send_ms_ = 0;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Anonymous timeouts never replace each other; with a pulse already pending the module is waking anyway.
+  if (this->auto_wake_ && this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr && !this->wake_pulse_pending_) {
+    // Snapshot the payload: the deferred write must not depend on state a completing command changes.
+    if (len > 0 && data != nullptr) {
+      std::memcpy(this->wake_scratch_.data(), data, len);
+    }
+    // A button pulse must not raise the pin in the middle of this one.
+    this->cancel_timeout(WAKE_BUTTON_TIMEOUT);
+    this->wake_pulse_pending_ = true;
+    this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(false);
+    const uint8_t generation = this->send_generation_;
+    this->set_timeout(this->wakeup_pulse_ms_, [this, type, len, track, generation]() {
+      this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->wake_pulse_pending_ = false;
+      // Anonymous timeouts are never cancelled, so a tracked pulse whose command has since been
+      // retired must not transmit: the frame would land after its successor and be booked to it.
+      if (track && generation != this->send_generation_) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this->write_frame_(type, (len > 0) ? this->wake_scratch_.data() : nullptr, len, track);
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->write_frame_(type, data, len, track);
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::write_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len, bool track) {
+  uint16_t frame_id = this->next_frame_id_++ & 0x7FFF;
+  frame_id |= 0x8000;
+
+  uint8_t header_xor = 0;
+  auto write_header = [&](uint8_t b) {
+    this->write_byte(b);
+    header_xor ^= b;
+  };
+
+  write_header(TF_SOF);
+  write_header((frame_id >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  write_header(frame_id & 0xFF);
+  write_header((len >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  write_header(len & 0xFF);
+  write_header((type >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  write_header(type & 0xFF);
+
+  this->write_byte(static_cast<uint8_t>(~header_xor));
+
+  if (len > 0 && data != nullptr) {
+    uint8_t data_xor = 0;
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      this->write_byte(data[i]);
+      data_xor ^= data[i];
+    }
+    this->write_byte(static_cast<uint8_t>(~data_xor));
+  }
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (track) {
+    // A frame sent to a module that has had time to fall asleep is its wake-up, and goes unanswered.
+    if (this->last_traffic_ms_ != 0 && now - this->last_traffic_ms_ < MODULE_AWAKE_MS) {
+      this->acks_expected_++;
+    }
+    this->last_send_ms_ = now;
+    this->command_sent_ = true;
+    this->attempts_sent_++;
+  }
+  this->last_traffic_ms_ = now;
+}
+
+bool LD6002BComponent::send_control_command_(uint32_t command) {
+  uint8_t data[4];
+  write_u32_le(data, command);
+  return this->queue_command_(TYPE_CONTROL, data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::send_z_range_() {
+  // One frame carries both bounds, so half a range cannot be written.
+  if (std::isnan(this->z_min_) || std::isnan(this->z_max_)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Z range not written, other bound unknown");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Both bounds are known and crossed; the frame has no way to say that.
+  if (this->z_min_ > this->z_max_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Z range not written, min above max");
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t data[8];
+  write_f32_le(data, this->z_min_);
+  write_f32_le(data + 4, this->z_max_);
+  this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_Z_RANGE, data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::apply_area_config_() {
+  if (!this->area_id_set_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area ID not selected; ignoring apply");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->area_id_ >= AREA_ID_COUNT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid area id: %u", this->area_id_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const bool interference = this->area_id_ < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index = interference ? this->area_id_ : static_cast<uint8_t>(this->area_id_ - AREA_COUNT);
+  AreaConfig desired = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_x_min_))
+    desired.x_min = this->area_x_min_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_x_max_))
+    desired.x_max = this->area_x_max_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_y_min_))
+    desired.y_min = this->area_y_min_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_y_max_))
+    desired.y_max = this->area_y_max_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_z_min_))
+    desired.z_min = this->area_z_min_;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->area_z_max_))
+    desired.z_max = this->area_z_max_;
+
+  if (std::isnan(desired.x_min) || std::isnan(desired.x_max) || std::isnan(desired.y_min) ||
+      std::isnan(desired.y_max) || std::isnan(desired.z_min) || std::isnan(desired.z_max)) {
+    // Ask first: a read that never reached the queue would leave a deferral waiting
+    // on a report nobody requested, with the user's values already retired for it.
+    if (!this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area read not queued; area config left unapplied");
+      return;
+    }
+    this->deferred_apply_pending_ = true;
+    this->pending_area_id_ = this->area_id_;
+    // The ledger, not the mirror: the mirror also carries whatever the module last
+    // reported for the axes the user never touched, and staging those would hand them
+    // back later wearing the user's badge -- a module value the next report is then
+    // kept away from.  Staging only what was actually typed is also what makes the
+    // replay's overlay right: the untouched axes come from the fresh report.  An
+    // empty ledger is a meaning rather than a gap, then: an apply with nothing
+    // staged rewrites the area exactly as the report just described it, which is
+    // what a direct apply with nothing staged already does.
+    this->pending_area_updates_ = this->area_edits_;
+    // Staged above, so they are the deferred apply's values now rather than an
+    // unsent edit.  Anything typed from here belongs to whatever the user does
+    // next, which may well be a different area.
+    this->area_edits_ = AreaConfig{};
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Area config incomplete; requesting current areas before applying");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only a write the module will actually see retires them.
+  if (this->queue_area_config_(this->area_id_, desired)) {
+    this->area_edits_ = AreaConfig{};
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::wake_() {
+  // A command's own pulse raises the pin and writes after it, so ride along instead of
+  // claiming the flag: claiming it would send that command down the immediate-write path
+  // with the pin still low.
+  if (this->wakeup_pin_ == nullptr || this->wake_pulse_pending_)
+    return;
+  this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  this->set_timeout(WAKE_BUTTON_TIMEOUT, this->wakeup_pulse_ms_, [this]() { this->wakeup_pin_->digital_write(true); });
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::set_number_value(NumberType type, float value) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case NumberType::HOLD_DELAY: {
+      uint32_t delay = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+      uint8_t data[4];
+      write_u32_le(data, delay);
+      this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_HOLD_DELAY, data, sizeof(data));
+      break;
+    }
+    case NumberType::Z_MIN:
+      this->z_min_ = value;
+      this->send_z_range_();
+      break;
+    case NumberType::Z_MAX:
+      this->z_max_ = value;
+      this->send_z_range_();
+      break;
+    case NumberType::LOW_POWER_SLEEP: {
+      uint32_t sleep_ms = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+      uint8_t data[4];
+      write_u32_le(data, sleep_ms);
+      this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP, data, sizeof(data));
+      break;
+    }
+    case NumberType::AREA_X_MIN:
+      this->area_x_min_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.x_min = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_X_MAX:
+      this->area_x_max_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.x_max = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Y_MIN:
+      this->area_y_min_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.y_min = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Y_MAX:
+      this->area_y_max_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.y_max = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Z_MIN:
+      this->area_z_min_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.z_min = value;
+      break;
+    case NumberType::AREA_Z_MAX:
+      this->area_z_max_ = value;
+      this->area_edits_.z_max = value;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::set_select_value(SelectType type, size_t index) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case SelectType::SENSITIVITY:
+      if (index == 0) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_SENSITIVITY_LOW);
+      } else if (index == 1) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_SENSITIVITY_MEDIUM);
+      } else if (index == 2) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_SENSITIVITY_HIGH);
+      }
+      break;
+    case SelectType::TRIGGER_SPEED:
+      if (index == 0) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TRIGGER_SLOW);
+      } else if (index == 1) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TRIGGER_MEDIUM);
+      } else if (index == 2) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_TRIGGER_FAST);
+      }
+      break;
+    case SelectType::INSTALLATION_MODE:
+      if (index == 0) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_INSTALL_TOP);
+      } else if (index == 1) {
+        this->send_control_command_(CMD_INSTALL_SIDE);
+      }
+      break;
+    case SelectType::AREA_ID:
+      this->area_id_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(index);
+      this->area_id_set_ = true;
+      this->update_area_numbers_for_id_(this->area_id_);
+      this->save_area_id_pref_(this->area_id_);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::update_area_numbers_(const AreaConfig &area) {
+  // A report refreshes every axis the user is not in the middle of changing.  An
+  // unapplied edit is the one value here the module cannot know about, so taking
+  // the report over it would discard what the user typed with nothing to show for it.
+  const AreaConfig &edits = this->area_edits_;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.x_min))
+    this->area_x_min_ = area.x_min;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.x_max))
+    this->area_x_max_ = area.x_max;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.y_min))
+    this->area_y_min_ = area.y_min;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.y_max))
+    this->area_y_max_ = area.y_max;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.z_min))
+    this->area_z_min_ = area.z_min;
+  if (std::isnan(edits.z_max))
+    this->area_z_max_ = area.z_max;
+  this->publish_area_numbers_();
+}
+
+// The mirror, not the report: an axis a report was kept away from has to keep its
+// displayed value too, or the entity and the value the next apply sends disagree.
+void LD6002BComponent::publish_area_numbers_() {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_x_min_number_, this->area_x_min_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_x_max_number_, this->area_x_max_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_y_min_number_, this->area_y_min_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_y_max_number_, this->area_y_max_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_z_min_number_, this->area_z_min_);
+  this->publish_number_clamped_(this->area_z_max_number_, this->area_z_max_);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::update_area_numbers_for_id_(uint8_t area_id) {
+  if (area_id >= AREA_ID_COUNT)
+    return;
+  const bool interference = area_id < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index = interference ? area_id : static_cast<uint8_t>(area_id - AREA_COUNT);
+  const AreaConfig &area = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+  // The edits belonged to the area being navigated away from.
+  this->area_edits_ = AreaConfig{};
+  this->update_area_numbers_(area);
+}
+
+bool LD6002BComponent::queue_area_config_(uint8_t area_id, const AreaConfig &desired) {
+  // One frame carries all three pairs and cannot express a crossed one; the module
+  // would keep a box nothing can ever be inside.  Both callers arrive with the six
+  // bounds resolved, so this is the last place that can say no -- and the return
+  // value is how saying no reaches the caller, which must not then retire the edits
+  // the user still has to fix.
+  if (desired.x_min > desired.x_max || desired.y_min > desired.y_max || desired.z_min > desired.z_max) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Area %u not written, min above max", area_id);
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint8_t data[AREA_CONFIG_LEN];
+  write_int32_le(data, static_cast<int32_t>(area_id));
+  write_f32_le(data + 4, desired.x_min);
+  write_f32_le(data + 8, desired.x_max);
+  write_f32_le(data + 12, desired.y_min);
+  write_f32_le(data + 16, desired.y_max);
+  write_f32_le(data + 20, desired.z_min);
+  write_f32_le(data + 24, desired.z_max);
+
+  if (!this->queue_command_(TYPE_SET_AREA, data, sizeof(data))) {
+    // Nothing is on its way, so the cache must not claim these bounds, the ack
+    // refresh must not be armed for an ack that cannot come, and the values stay
+    // the user's unsent edit.
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->area_write_in_flight_ = true;
+
+  const bool interference = area_id < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index = interference ? area_id : static_cast<uint8_t>(area_id - AREA_COUNT);
+  AreaConfig &store = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+  store = desired;
+  // The six numbers show one area at a time, and a deferred apply can land here for
+  // an area the user has navigated away from.  Same question handle_area_report_
+  // asks before it touches them.
+  const uint8_t selected_id = this->area_id_set_ ? this->area_id_ : AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+  if (area_id == selected_id) {
+    this->update_area_numbers_(store);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::try_apply_pending_area_(bool reported_interference) {
+  if (!this->deferred_apply_pending_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->pending_area_id_ >= AREA_ID_COUNT) {
+    this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  const bool interference = this->pending_area_id_ < AREA_COUNT;
+  const uint8_t index =
+      interference ? this->pending_area_id_ : static_cast<uint8_t>(this->pending_area_id_ - AREA_COUNT);
+  AreaConfig desired = interference ? this->interference_area_values_[index] : this->detection_area_values_[index];
+
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.x_min))
+    desired.x_min = this->pending_area_updates_.x_min;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.x_max))
+    desired.x_max = this->pending_area_updates_.x_max;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.y_min))
+    desired.y_min = this->pending_area_updates_.y_min;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.y_max))
+    desired.y_max = this->pending_area_updates_.y_max;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.z_min))
+    desired.z_min = this->pending_area_updates_.z_min;
+  if (!std::isnan(this->pending_area_updates_.z_max))
+    desired.z_max = this->pending_area_updates_.z_max;
+
+  if (std::isnan(desired.x_min) || std::isnan(desired.x_max) || std::isnan(desired.y_min) ||
+      std::isnan(desired.y_max) || std::isnan(desired.z_min) || std::isnan(desired.z_max)) {
+    // Only the report covering this area's half can still fill it in, and there is
+    // exactly one of those per read.  Once it has landed with a bound still unknown,
+    // nothing further is coming and waiting means waiting forever.
+    if (reported_interference == interference) {
+      this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+      this->restore_deferred_edits_();
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropping deferred area apply, area report incomplete");
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t area_id = this->pending_area_id_;
+  this->deferred_apply_pending_ = false;
+  if (!this->queue_area_config_(area_id, desired)) {
+    // Nothing was queued, so this is a drop like the other two: hand the staged
+    // values back rather than leaving them with no ledger to protect them.
+    this->restore_deferred_edits_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::init_area_id_pref_() {
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->area_id_select_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->area_id_pref_ = this->area_id_select_->make_entity_preference<uint8_t>();
+  this->area_id_pref_initialized_ = true;
+
+  uint8_t value = 0;
+  if (!this->area_id_pref_.load(&value) || value >= AREA_ID_COUNT) {
+    // No stored selection.  The numbers are about to display this area either way,
+    // so select it for real: a displayed area that apply_area then refuses to write
+    // is the one combination the user cannot make sense of.
+    value = AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+  }
+  this->area_id_select_->publish_state(value);
+  this->area_id_ = value;
+  this->area_id_set_ = true;
+  this->update_area_numbers_for_id_(value);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::save_area_id_pref_(uint8_t value) {
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (!this->area_id_pref_initialized_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->area_id_pref_.save(&value);
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::init_version_pref_() {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (this->ota_version_text_sensor_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->version_pref_ = this->ota_version_text_sensor_->make_entity_preference<VersionPref>();
+  this->version_pref_initialized_ = true;
+
+  VersionPref pref{};
+  if (this->version_pref_.load(&pref) && pref.value[0] != '\0') {
+    pref.value[sizeof(pref.value) - 1] = '\0';
+    this->ota_version_text_sensor_->publish_state(pref.value);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::save_version_pref_(const char *value) {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  if (!this->version_pref_initialized_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  VersionPref pref{};
+  std::strncpy(pref.value, value, sizeof(pref.value) - 1);
+  pref.value[sizeof(pref.value) - 1] = '\0';
+  this->version_pref_.save(&pref);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+void LD6002BComponent::clear_target_slot_(uint8_t index) {
+  if (!this->last_target_presence_[index]) {
+    return;
+  }
+  TargetSensors &target = this->targets_[index];
+  if (target.x != nullptr) {
+    target.x->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.y != nullptr) {
+    target.y->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.z != nullptr) {
+    target.z->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.dop_idx != nullptr) {
+    target.dop_idx->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  if (target.cluster_id != nullptr) {
+    target.cluster_id->publish_state(NAN);
+  }
+  // The slot is free: the next person's id is new even when it repeats this one.
+  this->last_cluster_id_valid_[index] = false;
+}
+#endif
+
+void LD6002BComponent::restore_deferred_edits_() {
+  // The staged values become an unsent edit again, but only for the user who is
+  // still looking at the area they were staged for; anyone else's ledger belongs to
+  // the area they are on now.
+  const uint8_t selected_id = this->area_id_set_ ? this->area_id_ : AREA_ID_DEFAULT;
+  if (this->pending_area_id_ != selected_id) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Axis by axis rather than a whole-struct assignment: the user can have edited
+  // another bound while the deferral was in flight, and that edit is newer than
+  // anything the deferral staged.  Assigning over the ledger would drop it back to
+  // NaN and let the next report take the value away.  A live edit wins; only an axis
+  // with nothing in the ledger takes its staged value back.
+  //
+  // The mirror moves with the ledger, because on the report path handle_area_report_
+  // ran update_area_numbers_ before the replay, with the ledger still empty -- so the
+  // mirror already holds the module's bounds and both the entities and the next apply
+  // would build on them.  On the timeout path no report arrived, the mirror still
+  // holds the staged values, and this is an identity.
+  const AreaConfig &staged = this->pending_area_updates_;
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.x_min) && !std::isnan(staged.x_min)) {
+    this->area_edits_.x_min = staged.x_min;
+    this->area_x_min_ = staged.x_min;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.x_max) && !std::isnan(staged.x_max)) {
+    this->area_edits_.x_max = staged.x_max;
+    this->area_x_max_ = staged.x_max;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.y_min) && !std::isnan(staged.y_min)) {
+    this->area_edits_.y_min = staged.y_min;
+    this->area_y_min_ = staged.y_min;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.y_max) && !std::isnan(staged.y_max)) {
+    this->area_edits_.y_max = staged.y_max;
+    this->area_y_max_ = staged.y_max;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.z_min) && !std::isnan(staged.z_min)) {
+    this->area_edits_.z_min = staged.z_min;
+    this->area_z_min_ = staged.z_min;
+  }
+  if (std::isnan(this->area_edits_.z_max) && !std::isnan(staged.z_max)) {
+    this->area_edits_.z_max = staged.z_max;
+    this->area_z_max_ = staged.z_max;
+  }
+  this->publish_area_numbers_();
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::clear_area_presence_() {
+  if (!this->area_presence_any_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Nothing else corrects this: 0x0A0A carries no period the protocol states and no
+  // command stops it, so the module going unattended is the only moment the
+  // component can know a stored "occupied" has stopped being true.
+  this->area_presence_any_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < AREA_COUNT; i++) {
+    if (this->area_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+      this->area_presence_[i]->publish_state(false);
+    }
+  }
+  const bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+  if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::clear_target_state_() {
+  // Nothing corrects any of this until the stream comes back.  The slot table goes
+  // with it: slots key on cluster ids, which only track a person while reports are
+  // arriving, and the room can empty and refill across the gap -- so the next
+  // report starts from an empty table and fills slots in wire order, rather than
+  // handing one back to whoever last held that id.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS; i++) {
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+    this->clear_target_slot_(i);
+    this->last_target_presence_[i] = false;
+#endif
+    if (this->slot_occupied_[i]) {
+      this->slot_occupied_[i] = false;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+      if (this->target_presence_[i] != nullptr) {
+        this->target_presence_[i]->publish_state(false);
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  if (this->last_target_count_ != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+    if (this->target_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->target_count_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+    this->last_target_count_ = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  }
+#endif
+  if (this->target_presence_any_) {
+    this->target_presence_any_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+    bool presence = this->target_presence_any_ || this->area_presence_any_;
+    if (this->presence_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->presence_binary_sensor_->publish_state(presence);
+    }
+#endif
+    this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::set_switch_state(SwitchType type, bool state) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case SwitchType::LOW_POWER:
+      this->low_power_enabled_ = state;
+      this->low_power_reported_ = true;
+      this->send_control_command_(state ? CMD_LOW_POWER_ON : CMD_LOW_POWER_OFF);
+      this->update_work_mode_fallback_();
+      break;
+    case SwitchType::POINT_CLOUD:
+      this->point_cloud_enabled_ = state;
+      this->send_control_command_(state ? CMD_POINT_CLOUD_ON : CMD_POINT_CLOUD_OFF);
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+      // The count only moves while the stream runs, so the last one would stand as
+      // a live reading.  The dedup sentinel is cleared with it: the same count is
+      // new again when the stream comes back.
+      if (!state && this->point_count_sensor_ != nullptr && this->last_point_count_ != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        this->point_count_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
+        this->last_point_count_ = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case SwitchType::TARGET_DISPLAY:
+      this->target_display_enabled_ = state;
+      this->send_control_command_(state ? CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_ON : CMD_TARGET_DISPLAY_OFF);
+      if (!state) {
+        // Every target entity is fed by the reports this just stopped.
+        this->clear_target_state_();
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void LD6002BComponent::press_button(ButtonType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case ButtonType::APPLY_AREA:
+      this->apply_area_config_();
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::AUTO_INTERFERENCE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_AUTO_INTERFERENCE);
+      // The module recomputes the interference areas without reporting them.
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_AREAS:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::CLEAR_INTERFERENCE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_CLEAR_INTERFERENCE);
+      // The module rewrites the areas but does not report them, so ask for the new geometry the
+      // way the apply_area ack path does; the queue keeps it behind the command above.
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::RESET_DETECTION_AREA:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_RESET_DETECTION_AREA);
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_AREAS);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_DELAY:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_DELAY);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_SENSITIVITY:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_SENSITIVITY);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_TRIGGER_SPEED:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_TRIGGER);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_Z_RANGE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_Z_RANGE);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_INSTALLATION:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_INSTALLATION);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_LOW_POWER_MODE:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::RESET_UNATTENDED:
+      this->send_control_command_(CMD_RESET_UNATTENDED);
+      break;
+    case ButtonType::WAKE:
+      this->wake_();
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bea3804312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/ld6002b.h
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TARGETS = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t AREA_COUNT = 4;
+// Interference areas own ids 0..AREA_COUNT-1 and detection areas the next four, so
+// this is the whole id space TYPE_SET_AREA accepts.
+static constexpr uint8_t AREA_ID_COUNT = AREA_COUNT * 2;
+static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN = 1024;
+static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_LEN_POINT_CLOUD = 4096;
+// Largest protocol payload is TYPE_SET_AREA: int32 area id + 6 floats = 28 bytes.
+static constexpr size_t CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN = 28;
+
+enum class NumberType : uint8_t {
+  HOLD_DELAY,
+  Z_MIN,
+  Z_MAX,
+  LOW_POWER_SLEEP,
+  AREA_X_MIN,
+  AREA_X_MAX,
+  AREA_Y_MIN,
+  AREA_Y_MAX,
+  AREA_Z_MIN,
+  AREA_Z_MAX,
+};
+
+enum class SelectType : uint8_t {
+  SENSITIVITY,
+  TRIGGER_SPEED,
+  INSTALLATION_MODE,
+  AREA_ID,
+};
+
+enum class SwitchType : uint8_t {
+  LOW_POWER,
+  POINT_CLOUD,
+  TARGET_DISPLAY,
+};
+
+enum class ButtonType : uint8_t {
+  APPLY_AREA,
+  AUTO_INTERFERENCE,
+  GET_AREAS,
+  CLEAR_INTERFERENCE,
+  RESET_DETECTION_AREA,
+  GET_DELAY,
+  GET_SENSITIVITY,
+  GET_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+  GET_Z_RANGE,
+  GET_INSTALLATION,
+  GET_LOW_POWER_MODE,
+  GET_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+  RESET_UNATTENDED,
+  WAKE,
+};
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+struct TargetSensors {
+  sensor::Sensor *x{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *y{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *z{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *dop_idx{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *cluster_id{nullptr};
+};
+
+struct AreaSensors {
+  sensor::Sensor *x_min{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *x_max{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *y_min{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *y_max{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *z_min{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *z_max{nullptr};
+};
+#endif
+
+struct AreaConfig {
+  float x_min{NAN};
+  float x_max{NAN};
+  float y_min{NAN};
+  float y_max{NAN};
+  float z_min{NAN};
+  float z_max{NAN};
+};
+
+struct VersionPref {
+  char value[20];
+};
+
+class LD6002BComponent : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
+  void set_wakeup_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->wakeup_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_wakeup_pulse_ms(uint32_t ms) { this->wakeup_pulse_ms_ = ms; }
+  void set_auto_wake(bool enable) { this->auto_wake_ = enable; }
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  void set_target_count_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->target_count_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_point_count_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->point_count_sensor_ = sensor; }
+
+  void set_target_x_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
+      return;
+    this->targets_[target].x = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_target_y_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
+      return;
+    this->targets_[target].y = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_target_z_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
+      return;
+    this->targets_[target].z = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_target_dop_idx_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
+      return;
+    this->targets_[target].dop_idx = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_target_cluster_id_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
+      return;
+    this->targets_[target].cluster_id = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_x_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].x_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_x_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].x_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_y_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].y_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_y_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].y_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_z_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].z_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_interference_area_z_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->interference_areas_[area].z_max = sensor;
+  }
+
+  void set_detection_area_x_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].x_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_x_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].x_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_y_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].y_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_y_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].y_max = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_z_min_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].z_min = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_detection_area_z_max_sensor(uint8_t area, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->detection_areas_[area].z_max = sensor;
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  void set_presence_binary_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->presence_binary_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_target_presence_binary_sensor(uint8_t target, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) {
+    if (target >= MAX_TARGETS)
+      return;
+    this->target_presence_[target] = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_area_presence_binary_sensor(uint8_t area, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) {
+    if (area >= AREA_COUNT)
+      return;
+    this->area_presence_[area] = sensor;
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  void set_work_mode_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->work_mode_text_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_ota_version_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->ota_version_text_sensor_ = sensor; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void set_hold_delay_number(number::Number *number) { this->hold_delay_number_ = number; }
+  void set_z_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->z_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_z_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->z_max_number_ = number; }
+  void set_low_power_sleep_number(number::Number *number) { this->low_power_sleep_number_ = number; }
+
+  void set_area_x_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_x_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_x_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_x_max_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_y_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_y_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_y_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_y_max_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_z_min_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_z_min_number_ = number; }
+  void set_area_z_max_number(number::Number *number) { this->area_z_max_number_ = number; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  void set_sensitivity_select(select::Select *select) { this->sensitivity_select_ = select; }
+  void set_trigger_speed_select(select::Select *select) { this->trigger_speed_select_ = select; }
+  void set_installation_select(select::Select *select) { this->installation_select_ = select; }
+  void set_area_id_select(select::Select *select) { this->area_id_select_ = select; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  void set_low_power_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->low_power_switch_ = sw; }
+  void set_point_cloud_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->point_cloud_switch_ = sw; }
+  void set_target_display_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->target_display_switch_ = sw; }
+#endif
+
+  void set_number_value(NumberType type, float value);
+  void set_select_value(SelectType type, size_t index);
+  void set_switch_state(SwitchType type, bool state);
+  void press_button(ButtonType type);
+
+ protected:
+  enum class ParseState : uint8_t { SOF, HEADER, HCK, DATA, DCK, DISCARD };
+
+  struct PendingCommand {
+    uint16_t type{0};
+    uint8_t len{0};
+    std::array<uint8_t, CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN> data{};
+  };
+
+  void parse_byte_(uint8_t byte);
+  void reset_parser_();
+  void handle_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_target_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_point_cloud_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_area_presence_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_area_report_(bool interference, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_delay_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_sensitivity_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_trigger_speed_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_z_range_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_installation_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_low_power_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_low_power_sleep_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_work_mode_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void handle_version_report_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void update_work_mode_fallback_();
+  void publish_work_mode_(bool low_power);
+  // Drops every target-derived reading and the slot table they are indexed by.
+  void clear_target_state_();
+  void clear_area_presence_();
+  void restore_deferred_edits_();
+  void publish_area_numbers_();
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  void clear_target_slot_(uint8_t index);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void publish_number_clamped_(number::Number *number, float value);
+#endif
+  void update_area_numbers_(const AreaConfig &area);
+  void update_area_numbers_for_id_(uint8_t area_id);
+  bool queue_area_config_(uint8_t area_id, const AreaConfig &desired);
+  void try_apply_pending_area_(bool reported_interference);
+  void init_area_id_pref_();
+  void save_area_id_pref_(uint8_t value);
+  void init_version_pref_();
+  void save_version_pref_(const char *value);
+
+  // Returns whether the command was queued: it is dropped, with a log line, when
+  // the payload is too long or the ring is full.
+  bool queue_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);
+  void process_command_queue_();
+  void send_command_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);
+  void send_command_internal_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len, bool track);
+  void write_frame_(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len, bool track);
+  // Returns whether the command reached the queue; see queue_command_.
+  bool send_control_command_(uint32_t command);
+  void send_z_range_();
+  void apply_area_config_();
+  void wake_();
+
+  static uint16_t read_u16_be(const uint8_t *data);
+  static uint32_t read_u32_le(const uint8_t *data);
+  static int32_t read_int32_le(const uint8_t *data);
+  static float read_f32_le(const uint8_t *data);
+  static void write_u32_le(uint8_t *data, uint32_t value);
+  static void write_int32_le(uint8_t *data, int32_t value);
+  static void write_f32_le(uint8_t *data, float value);
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  std::array<TargetSensors, MAX_TARGETS> targets_{};
+  sensor::Sensor *target_count_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *point_count_sensor_{nullptr};
+  std::array<AreaSensors, AREA_COUNT> interference_areas_{};
+  std::array<AreaSensors, AREA_COUNT> detection_areas_{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor *presence_binary_sensor_{nullptr};
+  std::array<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *, MAX_TARGETS> target_presence_{};
+  std::array<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *, AREA_COUNT> area_presence_{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *work_mode_text_sensor_{nullptr};
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *ota_version_text_sensor_{nullptr};
+  ESPPreferenceObject version_pref_{};
+  bool version_pref_initialized_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  number::Number *hold_delay_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *z_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *z_max_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *low_power_sleep_number_{nullptr};
+
+  number::Number *area_x_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_x_max_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_y_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_y_max_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_z_min_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *area_z_max_number_{nullptr};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  select::Select *sensitivity_select_{nullptr};
+  select::Select *trigger_speed_select_{nullptr};
+  select::Select *installation_select_{nullptr};
+  select::Select *area_id_select_{nullptr};
+  ESPPreferenceObject area_id_pref_{};
+  bool area_id_pref_initialized_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  switch_::Switch *low_power_switch_{nullptr};
+  switch_::Switch *point_cloud_switch_{nullptr};
+  switch_::Switch *target_display_switch_{nullptr};
+#endif
+
+  GPIOPin *wakeup_pin_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t wakeup_pulse_ms_{50};
+  bool auto_wake_{true};
+
+  ParseState parse_state_{ParseState::SOF};
+  uint8_t header_pos_{0};
+  uint8_t header_xor_{0};
+  uint16_t data_len_{0};
+  uint16_t frame_type_{0};
+  uint16_t frame_id_{0};
+  uint16_t data_pos_{0};
+  uint8_t data_xor_{0};
+  uint32_t discard_remaining_{0};
+  bool frame_oversize_{false};
+  size_t max_data_len_{0};
+  uint8_t *data_buf_{nullptr};
+  uint16_t next_frame_id_{0};
+
+  // Sized for the two bursts that reach it, both counted as what is still queued
+  // once the first command is dequeued: boot leaves 11 with every platform
+  // configured, and pressing all fourteen buttons before an ack lands leaves 15.
+  // Neither overflowed 16, but one free slot is not headroom, and overflowing is a
+  // dropped command with only a log line to show for it.  Costs 256 bytes more per
+  // configured instance, and this component is MULTI_CONF.
+  static constexpr uint8_t CMD_QUEUE_SIZE = 24;
+  static constexpr uint32_t CMD_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 300;
+  // A sleeping module consumes the first frame to wake and answers only the one after it.
+  static constexpr uint32_t CMD_FIRST_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 600;
+  // How long the module stays awake after any frame, and so still answers the next one.
+  static constexpr uint32_t MODULE_AWAKE_MS = 10000;
+  static constexpr uint8_t CMD_MAX_RETRIES = 3;
+  // Named so a repeated press replaces its own pending timeout instead of stacking
+  // another, and so the command path can cancel it when it takes the pin over.
+  static constexpr const char *WAKE_BUTTON_TIMEOUT = "wake_button";
+  // Named so a burst of writes collapses to one read once they settle, rather than
+  // one read per write.
+  static constexpr const char *AREA_REFRESH_TIMEOUT = "area_refresh";
+  // A reply cannot trail the frame that earned it for longer than this; the field worst case is ~726ms.
+  static constexpr uint32_t STALE_ACK_MAX_AGE_MS = 1000;
+
+  std::array<PendingCommand, CMD_QUEUE_SIZE> cmd_queue_{};
+  uint8_t cmd_head_{0};
+  uint8_t cmd_tail_{0};
+  uint8_t cmd_count_{0};
+  bool command_active_{false};
+  bool command_sent_{false};
+  PendingCommand active_command_{};
+  // Frame a pending wake pulse will write, snapshotted because active_command_ may move on first.
+  std::array<uint8_t, CMD_MAX_DATA_LEN> wake_scratch_{};
+  bool wake_pulse_pending_{false};
+  uint8_t retries_left_{0};
+  uint32_t last_send_ms_{0};
+  // Last frame seen in either direction; any traffic keeps the module awake.
+  uint32_t last_traffic_ms_{0};
+  // Frames transmitted for the command in flight, including retries; drives the retry budget.
+  uint8_t attempts_sent_{0};
+  // Subset of those the module can actually answer: a frame that woke it is consumed, not replied to.
+  uint8_t acks_expected_{0};
+  // ACKs still owed for superseded attempts; they carry no id, only their arrival order.
+  uint16_t stale_ack_type_{0};
+  uint8_t stale_ack_count_{0};
+  // When that debt was booked, so a debt no reply can still settle expires instead of eating a live ACK.
+  uint32_t stale_ack_ms_{0};
+  // Bumped whenever the active command changes, so a deferred send can tell it was retired.
+  uint8_t send_generation_{0};
+
+  float z_min_{NAN};
+  float z_max_{NAN};
+  float area_x_min_{NAN};
+  float area_x_max_{NAN};
+  float area_y_min_{NAN};
+  float area_y_max_{NAN};
+  float area_z_min_{NAN};
+  float area_z_max_{NAN};
+  // What the user has typed and not yet applied; NaN per axis means "nothing of
+  // mine here, take the module's value".  Same sentinel shape as
+  // pending_area_updates_.  Exactly two things empty it: the area_id select moving
+  // to another area, and an apply that was accepted.  A write the bounds guard
+  // refused leaves it alone, and a deferred apply that had to be dropped hands its
+  // staged values back here -- but only while the user is still on the area they
+  // were staged for.  Either way the values stay the user's to fix.
+  AreaConfig area_edits_{};
+  std::array<AreaConfig, AREA_COUNT> interference_area_values_{};
+  std::array<AreaConfig, AREA_COUNT> detection_area_values_{};
+  uint8_t area_id_{0xFF};
+  bool area_id_set_{false};
+
+  // Which person owns each target_N slot, so a slot survives the module re-sorting its array.
+  std::array<int32_t, MAX_TARGETS> slot_cluster_{};
+  std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> slot_occupied_{};
+
+  bool target_presence_any_{false};
+  // What the switches and setup asked the module for, which is not the same as
+  // what it is doing yet: a stream keeps sending until it acts on the command.
+  // The report handlers read these and drop anything a stopped stream still emits.
+  bool target_display_enabled_{false};
+  bool point_cloud_enabled_{false};
+  bool area_presence_any_{false};
+  bool area_write_in_flight_{false};
+  bool work_mode_reported_{false};
+  bool low_power_enabled_{false};
+  bool low_power_reported_{false};
+  bool deferred_apply_pending_{false};
+  uint8_t pending_area_id_{0xFF};
+  AreaConfig pending_area_updates_{};
+  bool last_work_mode_valid_{false};
+  bool last_work_mode_low_power_{false};
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> last_target_presence_{};  // one-shot NAN clear for target sensors
+  // A cluster id names a person, so like the counts it is published on change, not per frame.
+  std::array<int32_t, MAX_TARGETS> last_cluster_id_{};
+  std::array<bool, MAX_TARGETS> last_cluster_id_valid_{};
+  uint32_t last_target_count_{0xFFFFFFFF};
+  uint32_t last_point_count_{0xFFFFFFFF};
+#endif
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..236b049f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import number
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AREA_ID,
+    CONF_BUTTON,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    UNIT_METER,
+    UNIT_MILLISECOND,
+    UNIT_SECOND,
+)
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import (
+    CONF_APPLY_AREA,
+    CONF_AREA_CONFIG,
+    CONF_HOLD_DELAY,
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+    CONF_Z_MAX,
+    CONF_Z_MIN,
+    KEY_X_MAX,
+    KEY_X_MIN,
+    KEY_Y_MAX,
+    KEY_Y_MIN,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BNumber = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BNumber", number.Number)
+NumberType = ld6002b_ns.enum("NumberType", is_class=True)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_HOLD_DELAY): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_SECOND,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MIN): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MAX): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME): number.number_schema(
+            LD6002BNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLISECOND,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AREA_CONFIG): cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(KEY_X_MIN): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(KEY_X_MAX): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MIN): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MAX): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MIN): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MAX): number.number_schema(
+                    LD6002BNumber,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if config.get(CONF_AREA_CONFIG) is None:
+        return
+
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    hub_id = config[CONF_LD6002B_ID]
+
+    has_apply_area = any(
+        entry.get(CONF_LD6002B_ID) == hub_id and entry.get(CONF_APPLY_AREA) is not None
+        for entry in full_config.get(CONF_BUTTON, [])
+    )
+    if not has_apply_area:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_AREA_CONFIG} requires button.apply_area for the same ld6002b instance",
+            path=[CONF_AREA_CONFIG],
+        )
+
+    has_area_id_select = any(
+        entry.get(CONF_LD6002B_ID) == hub_id and entry.get(CONF_AREA_ID) is not None
+        for entry in full_config.get("select", [])
+    )
+    if not has_area_id_select:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_AREA_CONFIG} requires select.area_id for the same ld6002b instance",
+            path=[CONF_AREA_CONFIG],
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    for key, number_type, setter, min_value, max_value, step in (
+        (CONF_HOLD_DELAY, NumberType.HOLD_DELAY, "set_hold_delay_number", 0, 65535, 1),
+        (CONF_Z_MIN, NumberType.Z_MIN, "set_z_min_number", -10, 10, 0.1),
+        (CONF_Z_MAX, NumberType.Z_MAX, "set_z_max_number", -10, 10, 0.1),
+        # 0x0205 carries a uint32 of milliseconds; the vendor documents 500 ms as
+        # the default and no upper bound, so the range ends at a minute rather
+        # than at a default the module is free to be sleeping past.
+        (
+            CONF_LOW_POWER_SLEEP_TIME,
+            NumberType.LOW_POWER_SLEEP,
+            "set_low_power_sleep_number",
+            0,
+            60000,
+            100,
+        ),
+    ):
+        if conf := config.get(key):
+            n = await number.new_number(
+                conf, number_type, min_value=min_value, max_value=max_value, step=step
+            )
+            await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+            cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(n))
+
+    if area_config := config.get(CONF_AREA_CONFIG):
+        for key, number_type, setter in (
+            (KEY_X_MIN, NumberType.AREA_X_MIN, "set_area_x_min_number"),
+            (KEY_X_MAX, NumberType.AREA_X_MAX, "set_area_x_max_number"),
+            (KEY_Y_MIN, NumberType.AREA_Y_MIN, "set_area_y_min_number"),
+            (KEY_Y_MAX, NumberType.AREA_Y_MAX, "set_area_y_max_number"),
+            (CONF_Z_MIN, NumberType.AREA_Z_MIN, "set_area_z_min_number"),
+            (CONF_Z_MAX, NumberType.AREA_Z_MAX, "set_area_z_max_number"),
+        ):
+            if conf := area_config.get(key):
+                n = await number.new_number(
+                    conf, number_type, min_value=-10, max_value=10, step=0.1
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+                cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(n))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0b1b6f72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "ld6002b_number.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BNumber::control(float value) {
+  this->publish_state(value);
+  this->parent_->set_number_value(this->type_, value);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3101b4d3cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/number/ld6002b_number.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BNumber(NumberType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void control(float value) override;
+
+  NumberType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f5e528b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import select
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_AREA_ID, CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE, CONF_LD6002B_ID, CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BSelect = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BSelect", select.Select)
+SelectType = ld6002b_ns.enum("SelectType", is_class=True)
+
+AREA_ID_OPTIONS = [
+    "interference_area_0",
+    "interference_area_1",
+    "interference_area_2",
+    "interference_area_3",
+    "detection_area_0",
+    "detection_area_1",
+    "detection_area_2",
+    "detection_area_3",
+]
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SENSITIVITY): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AREA_ID): select.select_schema(
+            LD6002BSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+SELECT_MAP = (
+    (
+        CONF_SENSITIVITY,
+        SelectType.SENSITIVITY,
+        "set_sensitivity_select",
+        ["low", "medium", "high"],
+    ),
+    (
+        CONF_TRIGGER_SPEED,
+        SelectType.TRIGGER_SPEED,
+        "set_trigger_speed_select",
+        ["slow", "medium", "fast"],
+    ),
+    (
+        CONF_INSTALLATION_MODE,
+        SelectType.INSTALLATION_MODE,
+        "set_installation_select",
+        ["top", "side"],
+    ),
+    (CONF_AREA_ID, SelectType.AREA_ID, "set_area_id_select", AREA_ID_OPTIONS),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    for key, select_type, setter, options in SELECT_MAP:
+        if conf := config.get(key):
+            s = await select.new_select(conf, select_type, options=options)
+            await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+            cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(s))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6b524a665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "ld6002b_select.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_select_value(this->type_, index);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f380089a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/select/ld6002b_select.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BSelect(SelectType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void control(size_t index) override;
+
+  SelectType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cceefb3837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_TARGET_COUNT
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_X,
+    CONF_Y,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_METER,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import LD6002BComponent
+from .const import (
+    AREA_COUNT,
+    CONF_CLUSTER_ID,
+    CONF_DOPPLER_INDEX,
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_POINT_COUNT,
+    CONF_Z,
+    CONF_Z_MAX,
+    CONF_Z_MIN,
+    KEY_X_MAX,
+    KEY_X_MIN,
+    KEY_Y_MAX,
+    KEY_Y_MIN,
+    MAX_TARGETS,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+# The ld2450 defaults for a streamed value: hold the last reading for a second so a
+# dropped frame does not read as absence, then rate-limit what reaches the frontend.
+_VALUE_SENSOR_FILTERS = [
+    {
+        "timeout": {
+            "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
+            "value": "last",
+        }
+    },
+    {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
+]
+
+TARGET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_X): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            filters=_VALUE_SENSOR_FILTERS,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Y): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            filters=_VALUE_SENSOR_FILTERS,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            filters=_VALUE_SENSOR_FILTERS,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DOPPLER_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            filters=_VALUE_SENSOR_FILTERS,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CLUSTER_ID): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+AREA_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(KEY_X_MIN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(KEY_X_MAX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MIN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(KEY_Y_MAX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MIN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_Z_MAX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+            accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+# (config key, C++ setter axis) for the six bounds every area sensor block carries.
+_AREA_AXES = (
+    (KEY_X_MIN, "x_min"),
+    (KEY_X_MAX, "x_max"),
+    (KEY_Y_MIN, "y_min"),
+    (KEY_Y_MAX, "y_max"),
+    (CONF_Z_MIN, "z_min"),
+    (CONF_Z_MAX, "z_max"),
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_COUNT): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_POINT_COUNT): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend({cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): TARGET_SCHEMA for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)})
+    .extend(
+        {cv.Optional(f"interference_area_{i}"): AREA_SCHEMA for i in range(AREA_COUNT)}
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {cv.Optional(f"detection_area_{i}"): AREA_SCHEMA for i in range(AREA_COUNT)}
+    )
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    if target_count_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET_COUNT):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(target_count_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_target_count_sensor(sens))
+
+    if point_count_config := config.get(CONF_POINT_COUNT):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(point_count_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_point_count_sensor(sens))
+
+    for i in range(MAX_TARGETS):
+        if target_config := config.get(f"target_{i + 1}"):
+            if x_config := target_config.get(CONF_X):
+                sens = await sensor.new_sensor(x_config)
+                cg.add(hub.set_target_x_sensor(i, sens))
+            if y_config := target_config.get(CONF_Y):
+                sens = await sensor.new_sensor(y_config)
+                cg.add(hub.set_target_y_sensor(i, sens))
+            if z_config := target_config.get(CONF_Z):
+                sens = await sensor.new_sensor(z_config)
+                cg.add(hub.set_target_z_sensor(i, sens))
+            if doppler_index_config := target_config.get(CONF_DOPPLER_INDEX):
+                sens = await sensor.new_sensor(doppler_index_config)
+                cg.add(hub.set_target_dop_idx_sensor(i, sens))
+            if cluster_id_config := target_config.get(CONF_CLUSTER_ID):
+                sens = await sensor.new_sensor(cluster_id_config)
+                cg.add(hub.set_target_cluster_id_sensor(i, sens))
+
+    for kind in ("interference", "detection"):
+        for i in range(AREA_COUNT):
+            if area_config := config.get(f"{kind}_area_{i}"):
+                for key, axis in _AREA_AXES:
+                    if axis_config := area_config.get(key):
+                        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(axis_config)
+                        cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{kind}_area_{axis}_sensor")(i, sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a414308b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import switch
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import LD6002BComponent, ld6002b_ns
+from ..const import (
+    CONF_LD6002B_ID,
+    CONF_LOW_POWER,
+    CONF_POINT_CLOUD,
+    CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+LD6002BSwitch = ld6002b_ns.class_("LD6002BSwitch", switch.Switch)
+SwitchType = ld6002b_ns.enum("SwitchType", is_class=True)
+
+# None of these three carry an inversion. They name what the module is doing, not
+# how something is wired to it, so an inverted one would only report the opposite
+# of the truth -- and the boot restore, which applies a state nothing reports back,
+# is where that would be hardest to spot.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOW_POWER): switch.switch_schema(
+            LD6002BSwitch,
+            block_inverted=True,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_POINT_CLOUD): switch.switch_schema(
+            LD6002BSwitch,
+            block_inverted=True,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY): switch.switch_schema(
+            LD6002BSwitch,
+            block_inverted=True,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            default_restore_mode="RESTORE_DEFAULT_ON",
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+
+    for key, switch_type, setter in (
+        (CONF_LOW_POWER, SwitchType.LOW_POWER, "set_low_power_switch"),
+        (CONF_POINT_CLOUD, SwitchType.POINT_CLOUD, "set_point_cloud_switch"),
+        (CONF_TARGET_DISPLAY, SwitchType.TARGET_DISPLAY, "set_target_display_switch"),
+    ):
+        if conf := config.get(key):
+            s = await switch.new_switch(conf, switch_type)
+            await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+            cg.add(getattr(hub, setter)(s))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7542f7b1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "ld6002b_switch.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+void LD6002BSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
+  this->parent_->set_switch_state(this->type_, state);
+  this->publish_state(state);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.h b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44773f802f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/switch/ld6002b_switch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#include "../ld6002b.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld6002b {
+
+class LD6002BSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD6002BComponent> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD6002BSwitch(SwitchType type) : type_(type) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void write_state(bool state) override;
+
+  SwitchType type_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld6002b
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld6002b/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ld6002b/text_sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e8e2e80e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ld6002b/text_sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import text_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import LD6002BComponent
+from .const import CONF_LD6002B_ID, CONF_OTA_VERSION, CONF_WORK_MODE
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld6002b"]
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD6002B_ID): cv.use_id(LD6002BComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WORK_MODE): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OTA_VERSION): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD6002B_ID])
+    if work_mode_config := config.get(CONF_WORK_MODE):
+        sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(work_mode_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_work_mode_text_sensor(sens))
+    if ota_config := config.get(CONF_OTA_VERSION):
+        sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(ota_config)
+        cg.add(hub.set_ota_version_text_sensor(sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/output.py b/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
index 95df1fba23..e5e7c3dcbe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
+from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHANNEL,
@@ -9,20 +12,23 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PHASE_ANGLE,
     CONF_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
 
-def calc_max_frequency(bit_depth):
+def calc_max_frequency(bit_depth: int) -> float:
     return 80e6 / (2**bit_depth)
 
 
-def calc_min_frequency(bit_depth):
+def calc_min_frequency(bit_depth: int) -> float:
     max_div_num = ((2**20) - 1) / 256.0
     return 80e6 / (max_div_num * (2**bit_depth))
 
 
-def validate_frequency(value):
+def validate_frequency(value: Any) -> float:
     value = cv.frequency(value)
     min_freq = calc_min_frequency(20)
     max_freq = calc_max_frequency(1)
@@ -56,7 +62,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Re-enable the LEDC driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_ledc")
+
     gpio = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], gpio)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -79,7 +88,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ledc_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ledc_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
index 079bb32aab..50dc787799 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
+from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
 from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 
 from . import gpio  # noqa: F401
@@ -76,12 +77,27 @@ _BLE5_BK_SYS_CONFIG_OPTIONS = [
     "CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=0",
 ]
 
+# Board ids upstream LibreTiny renamed; configs written against the old id
+# keep validating and building against the new one (with a warning).
+# generic-ln882hki -> generic-ln882h: LibreTiny v1.13.0.
+_RENAMED_BOARDS = {
+    "generic-ln882hki": "generic-ln882h",
+}
+
 
 def _detect_variant(value):
     if KEY_LIBRETINY not in CORE.data:
         raise cv.Invalid("Family component didn't populate core data properly!")
     component: LibreTinyComponent = CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA]
     board = value[CONF_BOARD]
+    if board not in component.boards and (renamed := _RENAMED_BOARDS.get(board)):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Board '%s' was renamed to '%s'; please update your configuration",
+            board,
+            renamed,
+        )
+        value = value.copy()
+        value[CONF_BOARD] = board = renamed
     # read board-default family if not specified
     if board not in component.boards:
         if CONF_FAMILY not in value:
@@ -166,6 +182,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON = None):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     types = [
         {
             "title": "UF2 package (recommended)",
@@ -257,7 +276,10 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="recommended"): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.string_strict,
+            # Raw PlatformIO package source — build internal, not a UI field.
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_SOURCE, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.string_strict,
             cv.Optional(CONF_LOGLEVEL, default="warn"): (
                 cv.one_of(*LT_LOGLEVELS, upper=True)
             ),
@@ -278,7 +300,7 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     _check_debug_order,
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(_notify_old_style)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(_notify_old_style, cv.require_platformio_toolchain("LibreTiny"))
 
 BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
@@ -292,6 +314,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(_detect_variant)
+BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.require_platformio_toolchain("LibreTiny"))
 BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(_update_core_data)
 
 
@@ -442,6 +465,8 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
     # setup board config
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_LIBRETINY")
+    # FlashDB finds stored preferences by key, so preference key migration is possible
+    cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP")
     cg.add_build_flag(f"-DUSE_{config[CONF_COMPONENT_ID].upper()}")
     cg.add_build_flag(f"-DUSE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_{config[CONF_FAMILY]}")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
@@ -488,6 +513,7 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
         # it for project source files only. GCC uses the last -O flag.
         build_src_flags += " -Os"
     cg.add_platformio_option("build_src_flags", build_src_flags)
+    cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["pre:ccache.py"])
     # IRAM_ATTR is a no-op on BK72xx (SDK masks FIQ+IRQ around flash ops).
     # On other families, patch_linker.py routes .sram.text into the right
     # RAM-executable output section and prints a post-link placement summary.
@@ -562,8 +588,13 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
         cg.add_platformio_option("custom_fw_name", "esphome")
         cg.add_platformio_option("custom_fw_version", __version__)
 
-    # Apply chip-specific SDK options to save RAM/Flash
-    if config[CONF_FAMILY] in (FAMILY_BK7231N, FAMILY_BK7238):
+    # Apply chip-specific SDK options to save RAM/Flash.
+    # Skipped when bk72xx_ble is configured: add_platformio_option APPENDS list
+    # values (it never replaces), so emitting the disable here as well would put
+    # both CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=0 and =1 into the generated sys_config.h and rely on
+    # last-wins emission order. Skipping keeps it a single unambiguous define.
+    ble_requested = "bk72xx_ble" in CORE.config
+    if config[CONF_FAMILY] in (FAMILY_BK7231N, FAMILY_BK7238) and not ble_requested:
         cg.add_platformio_option(
             "custom_options.sys_config#h", _BLE5_BK_SYS_CONFIG_OPTIONS
         )
@@ -587,3 +618,4 @@ def copy_files() -> None:
         patch_linker_file,
         CORE.relative_build_path("patch_linker.py"),
     )
+    copy_ccache_script()
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py
index 791a2659a9..4997878657 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ def _set_core_data(config):
     return config
 
 
+# extend({}) makes this platform's own schema instance: BASE_SCHEMA is shared
+# by every LibreTiny platform, and prepending this platform's _set_core_data
+# onto the shared object would run it for every platform's validation once two
+# platform modules are imported in one process (device-builder, tests).
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {SCHEMA}
 
 PIN_SCHEMA = {PIN_SCHEMA}
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ VAR_GPIO_PIN = "validate_pin"
 VAR_GPIO_USAGE = "validate_usage"
 
 # lines for code snippets
-SCHEMA_BASE = "libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA"
+SCHEMA_BASE = "libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA.extend({})"
 SCHEMA_EXTRA = f"libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA.extend({VAR_SCHEMA})"
 PIN_SCHEMA_BASE = "libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA"
 PIN_SCHEMA_EXTRA = f"libretiny.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA.extend({VAR_PIN_SCHEMA})"
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp
index 1af0dce16d..b1a37cb225 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "lt.gpio";
+static const char *const TAG = "libretiny.gpio";
 
 static int IRAM_ATTR flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.cpp
index 67e902024d..01b276005d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void arch_init() {
 
 void arch_restart() {
   lt_reboot();
-  while (1) {
+  while (true) {
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.h
index 01a7b5450b..48b94a5214 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/hal.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 // it is callable from Thumb code via interworking. The MRS CPSR instruction
 // is ARM-only and user code here may be built in Thumb, so in_isr_context()
 // defers to this port helper on BK72xx instead of reading CPSR inline.
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-redundant-declaration)
 extern "C" uint32_t platform_is_in_interrupt_context(void);
 #endif
 
@@ -59,9 +60,11 @@ extern "C" void delayMicroseconds(unsigned int us);
 // Forward decls from libretiny's <lt_api.h> family for the inline arch_*
 // wrappers below. Pulling the full header would drag in the rest of the
 // LibreTiny C API.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-redundant-declaration)
 extern "C" void lt_wdt_feed(void);
 extern "C" uint32_t lt_cpu_get_cycle_count(void);
 extern "C" uint32_t lt_cpu_get_freq(void);
+// NOLINTEND(readability-redundant-declaration)
 
 namespace esphome::libretiny {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
index c01661b3a6..0ab064e3e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
@@ -6,21 +6,21 @@
 
 namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "lt.component";
+static const char *const TAG = "libretiny";
 
 void LTComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "LibreTiny:\n"
                 "  Version: %s\n"
                 "  Loglevel: %u",
-                LT_BANNER_STR + 10, LT_LOGLEVEL);
+                &LT_BANNER_STR[10], LT_LOGLEVEL);
 #if defined(__OPTIMIZE_SIZE__) && __OPTIMIZE_LEVEL__ > 0 && __OPTIMIZE_LEVEL__ <= 3
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Optimization: -Os, SDK: -O" STRINGIFY_MACRO(__OPTIMIZE_LEVEL__));
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   if (this->version_ != nullptr) {
-    this->version_->publish_state(LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
+    this->version_->publish_state(&LT_BANNER_STR[10]);
   }
 #endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preference_backend.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/preference_backend.h
index 66b6847bee..f7f8279ac0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preference_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preference_backend.h
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 
 // Forward declare FlashDB types to avoid pulling in flashdb.h
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming)
 struct fdb_kvdb;
 struct fdb_blob;
+// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming)
 
 namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
index 313b36d31e..d0bd3bf26b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
@@ -70,12 +70,21 @@ void LibreTinyPreferences::open() {
 }
 
 ESPPreferenceObject LibreTinyPreferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
-  auto *pref = new LibreTinyPreferenceBackend();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  pref->db = &this->db;
-  pref->blob = &this->blob;
-  pref->key = type;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  return ESPPreferenceObject(new LibreTinyPreferenceBackend(this->make_backend_(type)));
+}
 
-  return ESPPreferenceObject(pref);
+LibreTinyPreferenceBackend LibreTinyPreferences::make_backend_(uint32_t type) {
+  LibreTinyPreferenceBackend backend;
+  backend.key = type;
+  backend.db = &this->db;
+  backend.blob = &this->blob;
+  return backend;
+}
+
+bool LibreTinyPreferences::load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  LibreTinyPreferenceBackend backend = this->make_backend_(type);
+  return backend.load(data, len);
 }
 
 bool LibreTinyPreferences::sync() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h
index 8365d590c2..fd86c48b20 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ class LibreTinyPreferences final : public PreferencesMixin<LibreTinyPreferences>
     return this->make_preference(length, type);
   }
   ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type);
+  /// One-shot read of a stored preference by key, without allocating a backend
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   bool sync();
   bool reset();
 
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ class LibreTinyPreferences final : public PreferencesMixin<LibreTinyPreferences>
   struct fdb_blob blob;
 
  protected:
+  LibreTinyPreferenceBackend make_backend_(uint32_t type);
   bool is_changed_(fdb_kvdb_t db, const NVSData &to_save, const char *key_str);
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
index 6f71530aaf..716ccfad2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["libretiny"]
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     gpio = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], gpio)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -40,7 +43,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def libretiny_pwm_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def libretiny_pwm_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
index 7c4d7ed431..dbcc28d64a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import enum
+import logging
 
 import esphome.automation as auto
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, power_supply, web_server
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BLUE,
@@ -23,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INITIAL_STATE,
+    CONF_IS_RGBW,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_NAME,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
@@ -32,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_POWER_SUPPLY,
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_RESTORE_MODE,
+    CONF_RGB_ORDER,
     CONF_STATE,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
@@ -61,6 +67,7 @@ from .effects import (
 from .types import (  # noqa: F401
     AddressableLight,
     AddressableLightState,
+    ChannelColors,
     ColorMode,
     LightOutput,
     LightState,
@@ -71,6 +78,8 @@ from .types import (  # noqa: F401
     light_ns,
 )
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
@@ -165,7 +174,105 @@ def available_effects_str(effects: list) -> str:
     return ", ".join(f"'{name}'" for name in available) if available else "none"
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+# Accepted values of the deprecated `rgb_order` key.
+RGB_ORDERS = ("RGB", "RBG", "GRB", "GBR", "BGR", "BRG")
+
+_RGB_CHANNELS = frozenset("RGB")
+_RGBW_CHANNELS = frozenset("RGBW")
+
+
+def validate_channel_colors(value: str) -> str:
+    """Validate the channel order of an addressable strip, e.g. "GRB" or "WRGB"."""
+    value = cv.string_strict(value).upper()
+    channels = frozenset(value)
+    if len(channels) != len(value) or channels not in (_RGB_CHANNELS, _RGBW_CHANNELS):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{value}' is not a valid channel order. List each of R, G and B exactly "
+            "once, optionally with a single W, in the order the strip expects them "
+            "(for example GRB, GRBW or WRGB)"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def channel_colors_struct(value: str) -> cg.StructInitializer:
+    """Build the C++ `light::ChannelColors` for a validated channel order string."""
+    return cg.StructInitializer(
+        ChannelColors,
+        ("r", value.index("R")),
+        ("g", value.index("G")),
+        ("b", value.index("B")),
+        (
+            "w",
+            value.index("W")
+            if "W" in value
+            else cg.RawExpression(f"{ChannelColors}::NO_WHITE"),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _quote_and_join(keys: list[str]) -> str:
+    """Quote each key and join them into a readable list, e.g. "'a', 'b' and 'c'"."""
+    quoted = [f"'{key}'" for key in keys]
+    if len(quoted) == 1:
+        return quoted[0]
+    return f"{', '.join(quoted[:-1])} and {quoted[-1]}"
+
+
+def migrate_channel_colors(
+    *, removed_in: str, component: str
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Fold the deprecated `rgb_order`, `is_rgbw` and `is_wrgb` keys into `channel_colors`.
+
+    This also enforces that `channel_colors` is set, which the schema cannot do on its
+    own while the deprecated keys are still accepted. After this runs, `to_code` only
+    ever sees `channel_colors`.
+    """
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        config = config.copy()
+        deprecated = [
+            key for key in (CONF_RGB_ORDER, CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_IS_WRGB) if key in config
+        ]
+        if CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS in config:
+            if deprecated:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}' cannot be combined with "
+                    f"{_quote_and_join(deprecated)}"
+                )
+            return config
+        if CONF_RGB_ORDER not in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}' is required", path=[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]
+            )
+        rgb_order = config.pop(CONF_RGB_ORDER)
+        is_rgbw = config.pop(CONF_IS_RGBW, False)
+        is_wrgb = config.pop(CONF_IS_WRGB, False)
+        if is_rgbw and is_wrgb:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_IS_RGBW}' and '{CONF_IS_WRGB}' cannot both be enabled"
+            )
+        if is_wrgb:
+            channel_colors = f"W{rgb_order}"
+        elif is_rgbw:
+            channel_colors = f"{rgb_order}W"
+        else:
+            channel_colors = rgb_order
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[%s] %s %s deprecated, use '%s: %s'. Will be removed in %s",
+            component,
+            _quote_and_join(deprecated),
+            "are" if len(deprecated) > 1 else "is",
+            CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS,
+            channel_colors,
+            removed_in,
+        )
+        config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS] = channel_colors
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Validate all recorded effect name references against their target lights.
 
     This runs once per light platform instance. If no light platform is configured,
@@ -173,7 +280,7 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """
     data = _get_data()
     if not data.effect_refs and not data.effect_cycle_refs:
-        return config
+        return
 
     # Drain the lists so we only validate once even though
     # FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA runs for each light platform instance.
@@ -217,8 +324,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                 path=[cv.ROOT_CONFIG_PATH] + ref.component_path,
             )
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
@@ -453,3 +558,10 @@ async def new_light(config, *args):
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_global(light_ns.using)
+
+
+# light_json_schema.cpp is only used by mqtt and web_server, which both
+# auto load json; USE_JSON alone is too broad since other components load it.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"light_json_schema.cpp": ("USE_MQTT", "USE_WEBSERVER")}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h b/esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d8f46d575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::light {
+
+/// Which byte of an addressable LED's data carries each colour.
+///
+/// Built from a configuration string such as "GRB" or "WRGB": every field holds the
+/// position that colour occupies in the bytes the strip expects. `w` is NO_WHITE when
+/// the strip has no separate white channel.
+struct ChannelColors {
+  /// Value of `w` for a strip that only has red, green and blue channels.
+  static constexpr uint8_t NO_WHITE = 0xFF;
+
+  uint8_t r;
+  uint8_t g;
+  uint8_t b;
+  uint8_t w;
+
+  bool has_white() const { return this->w != NO_WHITE; }
+
+  uint8_t bytes_per_led() const { return this->has_white() ? 4 : 3; }
+
+  /// Write the order back out as text, e.g. "GRBW".
+  ///
+  /// `buf` must have room for at least 5 characters. Returns `buf` so the result can be
+  /// passed straight to a log call.
+  const char *to_string(char *buf) const {
+    buf[this->r] = 'R';
+    buf[this->g] = 'G';
+    buf[this->b] = 'B';
+    if (this->has_white()) {
+      buf[this->w] = 'W';
+    }
+    buf[this->bytes_per_led()] = '\0';
+    return buf;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::light
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp
index 58d552031a..5d372983d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.cpp
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ ESPColorView ESPRangeView::operator[](int32_t index) const {
   index = interpret_index(index, this->size()) + this->begin_;
   return (*this->parent_)[index];
 }
-ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::begin() { return {*this, this->begin_}; }
-ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::end() { return {*this, this->end_}; }
 
 void ESPRangeView::set(const Color &color) {
   for (int32_t i = this->begin_; i < this->end_; i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h
index f5e4ebb83f..ec129bdf70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_range_view.h
@@ -75,4 +75,7 @@ class ESPRangeIterator {
   int32_t i_;
 };
 
+inline ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::begin() { return {*this, this->begin_}; }
+inline ESPRangeIterator ESPRangeView::end() { return {*this, this->end_}; }
+
 }  // namespace esphome::light
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
index 7b28065e4e..4251565e85 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
@@ -213,18 +213,29 @@ LightColorValues LightCall::validate_() {
   // Flag whether an explicit turn off was requested, in which case we'll also stop the effect.
   bool explicit_turn_off_request = this->has_state() && !this->state_;
 
-  // Turn off when brightness is set to zero, and reset brightness (so that it has nonzero brightness when turned on).
-  if (this->has_brightness() && this->brightness_ == 0.0f) {
+  // Treat zero brightness as an implicit turn-off when no state was explicitly requested.
+  if (this->has_brightness() && this->brightness_ == 0.0f && !this->has_state()) {
     this->state_ = false;
     this->set_flag_(FLAG_HAS_STATE);
-    if (color_mode & ColorCapability::BRIGHTNESS) {
-      // Reset brightness so the light has nonzero brightness when turned back on.
-      this->brightness_ = 1.0f;
-    } else {
-      // Light doesn't support brightness; clear the flag to avoid a spurious
-      // "brightness not supported" warning during capability validation.
-      this->clear_flag_(FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS);
-    }
+  }
+
+  // A light without brightness control has no way to represent "on but dark", so zero
+  // brightness -- how effects encode their dark phase -- means the light is off. Clear the
+  // brightness as well, so a zero can't linger in remote_values and leave the light stuck
+  // off: a later turn-on can't heal it, because the capability check below drops any
+  // brightness this mode doesn't support. explicit_turn_off_request was captured above, so
+  // a running effect is not stopped by this.
+  if (this->has_brightness() && this->brightness_ == 0.0f && !(color_mode & ColorCapability::BRIGHTNESS)) {
+    this->state_ = false;
+    this->set_flag_(FLAG_HAS_STATE);
+    this->clear_flag_(FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS);
+  }
+
+  // Make sure a simple (no specific brightness) turn-on makes the light visible
+  if (this->has_state() && this->state_ && (color_mode & ColorCapability::BRIGHTNESS) && !this->has_brightness() &&
+      this->parent_->remote_values.get_brightness() == 0.0f) {
+    this->brightness_ = 1.0f;
+    this->set_flag_(FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS);
   }
 
   // Set color brightness to 100% if currently zero and a color is set.
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
index bd778926d5..82c00e2382 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
@@ -71,6 +71,14 @@ void LightState::setup() {
       break;
   }
 
+  // A light coming up on boot must never end up on-but-invisible: if the resolved restore
+  // state is on but its brightness is zero (e.g. a stale/persisted value from before a
+  // forced-on restore mode, or an inverted restore flipping a dim-to-0 off state to on),
+  // reset it to full brightness.
+  if (recovered.state && recovered.brightness == 0.0f) {
+    recovered.brightness = 1.0f;
+  }
+
   call.set_color_mode_if_supported(recovered.color_mode);
   call.set_state(recovered.state);
   call.set_brightness_if_supported(recovered.brightness);
@@ -149,8 +157,6 @@ void LightState::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-float LightState::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE - 1.0f; }
-
 void LightState::publish_state() {
   if (this->remote_values_listeners_) {
     for (auto *listener : *this->remote_values_listeners_) {
@@ -186,25 +192,11 @@ void LightState::add_target_state_reached_listener(LightTargetStateReachedListen
   this->target_state_reached_listeners_->push_back(listener);
 }
 
-void LightState::set_default_transition_length(uint32_t default_transition_length) {
-  this->default_transition_length_ = default_transition_length;
-}
-uint32_t LightState::get_default_transition_length() const { return this->default_transition_length_; }
-void LightState::set_flash_transition_length(uint32_t flash_transition_length) {
-  this->flash_transition_length_ = flash_transition_length;
-}
-uint32_t LightState::get_flash_transition_length() const { return this->flash_transition_length_; }
-void LightState::set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct) { this->gamma_correct_ = gamma_correct; }
-void LightState::set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode_ = restore_mode; }
-void LightState::set_initial_state(void (*callback)(LightStateRTCState &)) { this->initial_state_callback_ = callback; }
-bool LightState::supports_effects() { return !this->effects_.empty(); }
-const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &LightState::get_effects() const { return this->effects_; }
 void LightState::add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects) {
   // Called once from Python codegen during setup with all effects from YAML config
   this->effects_ = effects;
 }
 
-void LightState::current_values_as_binary(bool *binary) { this->current_values.as_binary(binary); }
 void LightState::current_values_as_brightness(float *brightness) {
   this->current_values.as_brightness(brightness);
   *brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*brightness);
@@ -325,8 +317,6 @@ float LightState::gamma_uncorrect_lut(float value) const {
 }
 #endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
 
-bool LightState::is_transformer_active() { return this->is_transformer_active_; }
-
 void LightState::start_effect_(uint32_t effect_index) {
   this->stop_effect_();
   if (effect_index == 0)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
index 5efc05358b..3a3f8fc368 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
   /// Shortly after HARDWARE.
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE - 1.0f; }
 
   /** The current values of the light as outputted to the light.
    *
@@ -157,15 +157,19 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   void add_target_state_reached_listener(LightTargetStateReachedListener *listener);
 
   /// Set the default transition length, i.e. the transition length when no transition is provided.
-  void set_default_transition_length(uint32_t default_transition_length);
-  uint32_t get_default_transition_length() const;
+  void set_default_transition_length(uint32_t default_transition_length) {
+    this->default_transition_length_ = default_transition_length;
+  }
+  uint32_t get_default_transition_length() const { return this->default_transition_length_; }
 
   /// Set the flash transition length
-  void set_flash_transition_length(uint32_t flash_transition_length);
-  uint32_t get_flash_transition_length() const;
+  void set_flash_transition_length(uint32_t flash_transition_length) {
+    this->flash_transition_length_ = flash_transition_length;
+  }
+  uint32_t get_flash_transition_length() const { return this->flash_transition_length_; }
 
   /// Set the gamma correction factor
-  void set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct);
+  void set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct) { this->gamma_correct_ = gamma_correct; }
   float get_gamma_correct() const { return this->gamma_correct_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
@@ -186,17 +190,17 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
 #endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
 
   /// Set the restore mode of this light
-  void set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode);
+  void set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode_ = restore_mode; }
 
   /// Set a callback to populate the initial state defaults during setup.
   /// The callback is called once, then cleared. Values live in flash as code.
-  void set_initial_state(void (*callback)(LightStateRTCState &));
+  void set_initial_state(void (*callback)(LightStateRTCState &)) { this->initial_state_callback_ = callback; }
 
   /// Return whether the light has any effects that meet the trait requirements.
-  bool supports_effects();
+  bool supports_effects() const { return !this->effects_.empty(); }
 
   /// Get all effects for this light state.
-  const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &get_effects() const;
+  const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &get_effects() const { return this->effects_; }
 
   /// Add effects for this light state.
   void add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects);
@@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   }
 
   /// The result of all the current_values_as_* methods have gamma correction applied.
-  void current_values_as_binary(bool *binary);
+  void current_values_as_binary(bool *binary) { this->current_values.as_binary(binary); }
 
   void current_values_as_brightness(float *brightness);
 
@@ -281,7 +285,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
    *   return;
    * }
    */
-  bool is_transformer_active();
+  bool is_transformer_active() const { return this->is_transformer_active_; }
 
  protected:
   friend LightOutput;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/types.py b/esphome/components/light/types.py
index 9c1c7331d1..1778aa8410 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/types.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/types.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ LightColorValues = light_ns.class_("LightColorValues")
 LightStateRTCState = light_ns.struct("LightStateRTCState")
 LightCall = light_ns.class_("LightCall")
 
+# Addressable strips
+ChannelColors = light_ns.struct("ChannelColors")
+
 # Color modes
 ColorMode = light_ns.enum("ColorMode", is_class=True)
 COLOR_MODES = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
index 76eabc2b71..0f42083cb5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REPEAT,
     CONF_WRITE_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@max246"]
 
@@ -57,7 +60,12 @@ LIGHTWAVE_SEND_SCHEMA = cv.Any(
     LIGHTWAVE_SEND_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def send_raw_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def send_raw_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -71,7 +79,7 @@ async def send_raw_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 93687846e2..1e70f379a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import lilygo_t5_47_ns
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.touchscreen_schema("250ms").extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py
index 335446b62f..c59515b5b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lm75b/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@beormund"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aadc1f3b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+"""LN882H BLE — BLE controller support for the LN882H LibreTiny chips.
+
+The platform analog of esp32_ble / rp2040_ble: owns the LN882H BLE stack
+bring-up and the controller BLE address. Consumers (ln882h_ble_tracker) build
+on this component and contain no SDK calls of their own.
+
+The BLE stack is compiled and linked by the LibreTiny lightning-ln882h builder
+when CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1 is set via custom_options.proj_config#h, which this
+component does (LibreTiny v1.13.0+).
+"""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ln882x"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Bl00d-B0b"]
+
+ln882h_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ln882h_ble")
+LN882HBLE = ln882h_ble_ns.class_("LN882HBLE", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LN882HBLE),
+        # Default off: on the single-core LN882H, bringing the BLE stack up during
+        # boot competes with the WiFi connection handshake. Consumers enable the
+        # stack lazily on first use (e.g. the tracker's first scan start).
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=False): cv.boolean,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+# Once per registered scan listener; sizes the controller's StaticVector
+# listener storage.
+request_scan_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT")
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
+
+    # Enable the BLE stack in the build. The LibreTiny lightning-ln882h builder
+    # gates the BLE stack sources and libraries on CFG_SUPPORT_BLE, read from
+    # the custom option key "proj_config#h" (the '#h' maps to proj_config.h)
+    # before the stock header's default of 0. A list is used so any other
+    # component adding to this key concatenates with it rather than replacing
+    # it (add_platformio_option only merges when both values are lists).
+    cg.add_platformio_option("custom_options.proj_config#h", ["CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1"])
+
+    cg.add_define("USE_LN882H_BLE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..021e138f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+// ln882h_ble.cpp
+//
+// BLE controller support for the LN882H (LibreTiny lightning-ln882h family) —
+// the platform analog of esp32_ble / rp2040_ble. Owns everything that talks to
+// the LN882H BLE SDK:
+//   - one-time stack bring-up (rw_init + the ln_* app init sequence),
+//   - the controller BLE address (persistent KV entry, WiFi-MAC-derived once),
+//   - the raw controller scan primitives (ln_ble_scan_start/stop),
+//   - the scan-report ring: the SDK's rw-task event callback decodes each
+//     report (including the controller's RSSI sign quirk) into a fixed pool
+//     and pushes it on a lock-free SPSC queue; loop() drains, dispatches on
+//     the main task and returns reports to the pool — the same EventPool +
+//     LockFreeQueue handoff esp32_ble uses, zero allocation at steady state.
+// Consumers contain no SDK calls of their own.
+//
+// BLE stack init and scan lifecycle mirror the SDK's ble_app usage. The BLE
+// stack itself is compiled and linked by the LibreTiny lightning-ln882h builder
+// (CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=1 via custom_options.proj_config#h; prebuilt
+// libln882h_ble_full_stack.a).
+
+#include "ln882h_ble.h"  // pulls esphome/core/defines.h for USE_LN882H_BLE
+
+#ifdef USE_LN882H_BLE
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"  // get_mac_address_raw()
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LN882H BLE SDK — forward declarations
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+extern "C" {
+
+struct ln_bd_addr_v_t {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming) - mirrors the SDK type name
+  uint8_t addr[6];
+};  // ABI-identical to ln_bd_addr_t
+void ln_kv_ble_app_init(void);
+struct ln_bd_addr_v_t *ln_kv_ble_pub_addr_get(void);
+int ln_kv_ble_addr_store(struct ln_bd_addr_v_t addr);
+void soc_module_clk_gate_enable(uint32_t clk);
+
+void rw_init(uint8_t mac[6]);
+void ln_gap_app_init(void);
+void ln_gatt_app_init(void);
+void ln_ble_conn_mgr_init(void);
+void ln_ble_evt_mgr_init(void);
+void ln_ble_smp_init(void);
+void ln_ble_scan_mgr_init(void);
+void ln_rw_app_task_init(void);
+void ln_gap_reset(void);
+
+void ln_ble_scan_actv_creat(void);
+void ln_ble_scan_start(void *scan_param);
+void ln_ble_scan_stop(void);
+
+using ble_evt_cb_t = void (*)(void *param);
+void ln_ble_evt_mgr_reg_evt(int evt_id, ble_evt_cb_t cb);
+
+}  // extern "C"
+
+// ln_bd_addr_v_t mirrors the SDK's ln_bd_addr_t (ln_ble_app_defines.h) and is
+// passed to ln_kv_ble_addr_store() by value, so its size and alignment are part
+// of the calling convention.
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ln_bd_addr_v_t) == 6, "ln_bd_addr_v_t must match the SDK's ln_bd_addr_t layout");
+static_assert(alignof(struct ln_bd_addr_v_t) == 1, "ln_bd_addr_v_t must stay byte-aligned like the SDK type");
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LN882H SDK constants
+//   CLK_G_BLE              — hal/hal_clock.h clock gate bit for the BLE block
+//   BLE_EVT_ID_SCAN_REPORT — ble/ble_evt.h event id for scan reports
+//   GAPM_*                 — ble/mac/ble/hl/api/gapm_task.h, enums gapm_scan_type /
+//                            gapm_dup_filter_pol / gapm_scan_prop / gapm_adv_report_info
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static constexpr uint32_t CLK_G_BLE = 1u << 0;
+static constexpr int BLE_EVT_ID_SCAN_REPORT = 3;
+
+// WiFi/BLE packet-traffic-indication (PTI) arbitration register. The LN882H SDK
+// exposes no symbolic name for this register; the address and value replicate
+// the SDK reference bring-up. 0x003F sets all six PTI priority bits so the
+// arbiter can pre-empt WiFi for BLE traffic.
+static constexpr uint32_t BLE_COEX_PTI_REG_ADDR = 0x400121F8;
+static constexpr uint32_t BLE_COEX_PTI_ENABLE_ALL = 0x003F;
+
+// ble_app_default_cfg.h BLE_DEFAULT_PUBLIC_ADDR, in the SDK's ln_bd_addr_t
+// array order — least-significant octet first, the BLE/HCI convention (the
+// SDK's own AT commands print addr[5]..addr[0]). Printable form:
+// 00:FF:03:12:34:56.
+static constexpr uint8_t BLE_DEFAULT_ADDR[6] = {0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x00};
+
+// The SDK's KV loader treats an all-zero address as unset and substitutes the
+// default; resolve_mac_() applies the same rule to a stored entry.
+static bool is_unset_addr(const uint8_t (&addr)[6]) {
+  return std::all_of(std::begin(addr), std::end(addr), [](uint8_t b) { return b == 0; });
+}
+
+// gapm_scan_type: GEN_DISC = 0, LIM_DISC = 1, OBSERVER = 2. Observer reports every
+// advertisement without filtering — what a tracker wants.
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_SCAN_TYPE_OBSERVER = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_DUP_FILT_DIS = 0;
+// gapm_scan_prop bits: PHY_1M = 1<<0, PHY_CODED = 1<<1, ACTIVE_1M = 1<<2, ACTIVE_CODED = 1<<3.
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT = 1 << 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_SCAN_PROP_ACTIVE_1M_BIT = 1 << 2;
+
+// GAPM extended-advertising report types (bits 2:0 of ble_scan_report_t::info).
+// 0 = ADV_EXT (extended advertisement), 1 = ADV_LEG (legacy advertisement),
+// 2 = SCAN_RSP_EXT (scan response to extended adv), 3 = SCAN_RSP_LEG (scan response to legacy adv).
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_ADV_LEG = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG = 3;
+// Bit 5 of ble_scan_report_t::info: the advertisement is scannable, i.e. a scan
+// response may follow (enum gapm_adv_report_info, GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT).
+static constexpr uint8_t GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT = 1u << 5;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SDK struct layouts
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Scan parameter block passed to ln_ble_scan_start(); mirrors the SDK layout,
+// with the pad byte explicit so the whole block zero-initialises.
+struct le_scan_parameters_t {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming) - mirrors the SDK type name
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint8_t prop;
+  uint8_t dup_filt_pol;
+  uint8_t pad;
+  uint16_t scan_intv;
+  uint16_t scan_wd;
+};
+// Pin the compiler's layout decisions for the hand-mirrored SDK struct: it is
+// passed to ln_ble_scan_start() as void*, so a padding drift would silently
+// feed garbage scan parameters to the controller.
+static_assert(sizeof(le_scan_parameters_t) == 8, "le_scan_parameters_t must match the SDK layout");
+static_assert(offsetof(le_scan_parameters_t, scan_intv) == 4, "unexpected padding in le_scan_parameters_t");
+
+// Scan report delivered by the BLE_EVT_ID_SCAN_REPORT event. Layout verified on
+// hardware against the prebuilt BLE stack LibreTiny links: its report carries no
+// PHY fields and stores the advertisement data inline (flexible array), unlike
+// the newer upstream SDK header (which adds phy_prim/phy_second and a data pointer).
+struct ble_scan_report_t {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming) - mirrors the SDK type name
+  uint8_t actv_idx;
+  uint8_t info;
+  uint8_t trans_addr_type;
+  uint8_t trans_addr[6];
+  uint8_t target_addr_type;
+  uint8_t target_addr[6];
+  int8_t tx_pwr;
+  int8_t rssi;  // signed dBm, range -127..+20 (ble_evt_scan_report_t from ln_ble_event_manager.h)
+  uint16_t length;
+  uint8_t data[0];
+};
+// Pin the layout of the hand-mirrored report struct too: the comment above
+// notes a newer SDK header uses a different layout (PHY fields + data pointer),
+// so silent drift here would corrupt every decoded advertisement.
+static_assert(sizeof(ble_scan_report_t) == 20, "ble_scan_report_t must match the linked BLE stack's layout");
+static_assert(offsetof(ble_scan_report_t, length) == 18, "unexpected padding in ble_scan_report_t");
+static_assert(offsetof(ble_scan_report_t, data) == 20, "advertisement data must follow the header inline");
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// __sprintf weak stub
+//
+// The LN882H BLE SDK objects reference __sprintf (a Beken/LN libc alias) that
+// LibreTiny's newlib does not provide. Supply a weak fallback so linking
+// succeeds; a real definition, if one is ever provided, takes precedence.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+extern "C" __attribute__((weak)) int
+__sprintf(  // NOLINT(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+    char *str, const char *format, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+  int ret = vsprintf(str, format, args);  // NOLINT
+  va_end(args);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+namespace esphome::ln882h_ble {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ln882h_ble";
+
+// The SDK event callback is a plain C function pointer with no user argument,
+// so it reaches the (single) component instance through a file-static pointer.
+static LN882HBLE *s_ble = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+// Scan parameter blocks handed to ln_ble_scan_start(void *). static storage:
+// the SDK may retain the pointer past the call (the block travels into a GAPM
+// message consumed later by the rw task), so a stack-local would leave the
+// controller reading a dead frame. Double-buffered: consecutive starts (the
+// enable() probe followed by the first real scan, or a parameter restart)
+// alternate blocks, so a rewrite can never race a previous block that is still
+// in flight — correct under either reading of SDK retention. All writers run
+// on the main task.
+static le_scan_parameters_t s_scan_params[2]{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static uint8_t s_scan_params_idx = 0;            // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static le_scan_parameters_t *next_scan_params() {
+  s_scan_params_idx ^= 1;
+  return &s_scan_params[s_scan_params_idx];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Scan-report event callback — runs in the SDK's rw task context.
+// Decode the report (hardware-verified struct layout + the RSSI sign fix),
+// copy it into the queue and return; all dispatch happens in loop() on the
+// main task.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void ble_scan_callback(void *param) {
+  if (s_ble == nullptr || param == nullptr)
+    return;
+  const auto *info = reinterpret_cast<const ble_scan_report_t *>(param);
+
+  // Only legacy framing is supported (see scan_start(): legacy 1M PHY only):
+  // an extended report does not fit BLEScanReport::data and would reach
+  // consumers as a truncated legacy frame. Reject before allocating so these
+  // do not burn pool slots either.
+  const uint8_t report_type = info->info & 0x07;
+  if (report_type != GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_ADV_LEG && report_type != GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG) {
+    s_ble->count_rejected_report();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Fill the pool slot in place (the bk72xx_ble shape): no report on the rw
+  // task's stack — its size is fixed by the prebuilt stack — one copy of the
+  // payload instead of two, and only data_len bytes ever leave this frame.
+  BLEScanReport *slot = s_ble->allocate_scan_report();
+  if (slot == nullptr)
+    return;  // no slot — counted as dropped in allocate_scan_report()
+
+  // BLE RSSI sign fix. The LN882H controller intermittently reports the RSSI with
+  // a flipped sign: a real -58 dBm arrives as +58, above the SDK's documented
+  // -127..+20 dBm maximum. Recover it by negating any value above +20 (verified
+  // on-device: the out-of-range positives cluster at the magnitude of each
+  // device's real readings). This is the ONLY LN882H-specific RSSI handling —
+  // downstream the value is used exactly like on ESP32.
+  const int8_t raw = info->rssi;
+
+  memcpy(slot->mac, info->trans_addr, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  slot->rssi = (raw > 20) ? static_cast<int8_t>(-raw) : raw;
+  slot->addr_type = info->trans_addr_type;
+  slot->is_scan_response = report_type == GAPM_REPORT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP_LEG;
+  slot->scannable = (info->info & GAPM_REPORT_INFO_SCAN_ADV_BIT) != 0;
+  slot->data_len = (info->length <= sizeof(slot->data)) ? static_cast<uint8_t>(info->length)
+                                                        : static_cast<uint8_t>(sizeof(slot->data));
+  memcpy(slot->data, info->data, slot->data_len);
+
+  s_ble->push_scan_report(slot);
+}
+
+BLEScanReport *LN882HBLE::allocate_scan_report() {
+  BLEScanReport *slot = this->report_pool_.allocate();
+  if (slot == nullptr) {
+    // No slot: pool exhausted (queue full) or the pool's on-demand RAM
+    // allocation failed; count and drop either way.
+    this->report_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+  }
+  return slot;
+}
+
+void LN882HBLE::push_scan_report(BLEScanReport *report) {
+  // Cannot fail: the pool is sized to the queue capacity.
+  this->report_queue_.push(report);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Component lifecycle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLE::setup() {
+  s_ble = this;
+  // Resolve the MAC early so get_mac_lsb_first() is valid for consumers before
+  // the stack is up. The KV load also happens here (no stack dependency).
+  this->resolve_mac_();
+  if (this->enable_on_boot_) {
+    this->enable();
+  }
+}
+
+// AFTER_WIFI, not BLUETOOTH: replicates the proven pre-split timing — the LN
+// SDK's KV subsystem is first touched only once WiFi is up; earlier access
+// destabilized the device in hardware testing.
+float LN882HBLE::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
+
+void LN882HBLE::enable() {
+  if (this->state_ != BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF)
+    return;
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ENABLING;
+
+  *reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(BLE_COEX_PTI_REG_ADDR) = BLE_COEX_PTI_ENABLE_ALL;
+  soc_module_clk_gate_enable(CLK_G_BLE);
+
+  rw_init(this->ble_mac_);
+  ln_gap_app_init();
+  ln_gatt_app_init();
+  ln_ble_conn_mgr_init();
+  ln_ble_evt_mgr_init();
+  ln_ble_smp_init();
+  ln_ble_scan_mgr_init();
+  ln_rw_app_task_init();
+  ln_gap_reset();
+
+  delay(100);  // NOLINT — one-time BLE stack init; SDK requires this settle time
+
+  ln_ble_scan_actv_creat();
+  delay(10);
+
+  // Prime the scan activity with a short probe start/stop — the SDK's scan
+  // manager completes activity creation on the first start. Uses the shared
+  // static parameter block (see s_scan_params for the lifetime rationale).
+  le_scan_parameters_t *probe = next_scan_params();
+  probe->type = GAPM_SCAN_TYPE_OBSERVER;
+  probe->prop = GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT;
+  probe->dup_filt_pol = GAPM_DUP_FILT_DIS;
+  probe->scan_intv = 160;
+  probe->scan_wd = 16;
+  ln_ble_scan_start(probe);
+  delay(10);
+  ln_ble_scan_stop();
+
+  // Register the scan-report event exactly once, after the event manager is up.
+  // Repeated registration corrupts the SDK's event registry (verified on
+  // hardware), which is why this lives here and not in scan_start().
+  ln_ble_evt_mgr_reg_evt(BLE_EVT_ID_SCAN_REPORT, ble_scan_callback);
+
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ACTIVE;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE stack initialised");
+}
+
+void LN882HBLE::loop() {
+  // Log dropped reports before the empty-queue return: a drop can also mean
+  // EventPool::allocate() failed on heap exhaustion, and that can happen with
+  // the queue empty — from the very first report on. Checking here keeps that
+  // failure visible instead of producing a scanner that is silently dead.
+  uint16_t dropped = this->report_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (dropped > 0)
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u scan reports (queue full or out of memory for a report slot)", dropped);
+  // Drain the lock-free ring filled by the rw task; all per-report work runs
+  // here on the main task, then the report returns to the pool.
+  BLEScanReport *report = this->report_queue_.pop();
+  if (report != nullptr) {
+    this->reject_diagnosis_done_ = true;
+    do {
+#ifdef LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+      for (auto *listener : this->scan_listeners_)
+        listener->on_scan_report(*report);
+#endif
+      this->report_pool_.release(report);
+    } while ((report = this->report_queue_.pop()) != nullptr);
+  }
+
+  // Rejected-report accounting AFTER the drain: a stray non-legacy frame
+  // arriving ahead of the first good one must not latch the dead-scanner
+  // warning; the threshold keeps one-off boot noise below it while a truly
+  // dead scanner (~200 reports/s all rejected) crosses it within a second.
+  // Avoid the sub-word CAS in the common case (LockFreeQueue's dropped-count
+  // pattern): rejects are rare, the load is cheap.
+  uint16_t rejected = this->rejected_reports_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  if (rejected > 0) {
+    rejected = this->rejected_reports_.exchange(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (!this->reject_diagnosis_done_) {
+      this->rejected_before_delivery_ += rejected;
+      if (this->rejected_before_delivery_ >= REJECTED_DEAD_SCANNER_THRESHOLD) {
+        this->reject_diagnosis_done_ = true;
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Rejected %u scan reports before any was delivered - unexpected report encoding?",
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(this->rejected_before_delivery_));
+      }
+    }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Rejected %u non-legacy scan reports", rejected);
+  }
+}
+
+void LN882HBLE::get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[6]) const { memcpy(out, this->ble_mac_, sizeof(this->ble_mac_)); }
+
+void LN882HBLE::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "LN882H BLE:\n"
+                "  MAC address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n"
+                "  Active: %s",
+                this->ble_mac_[5], this->ble_mac_[4], this->ble_mac_[3], this->ble_mac_[2], this->ble_mac_[1],
+                this->ble_mac_[0], YESNO(this->is_active()));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MAC resolution
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLE::resolve_mac_() {
+  ln_kv_ble_app_init();
+
+  // ln_kv_ble_app_init() loads the persistent address from the "2_ble_addr" KV
+  // entry, falling back to BLE_DEFAULT_ADDR when nothing is stored. A stored
+  // address is preferred so boot does not write flash. Order is LSB-first
+  // throughout (BLE/HCI convention); consumers reverse for printable form.
+  ln_bd_addr_v_t bt_addr{};
+  bool have_unique_addr = false;
+  if (const ln_bd_addr_v_t *stored = ln_kv_ble_pub_addr_get(); stored != nullptr) {
+    bt_addr = *stored;
+    // All-zero is "unset", not a unique address: ln_kv_ble_addr_load() itself
+    // substitutes the default for it, so programming it verbatim would give the
+    // controller a null address. Treat it like the default and derive instead.
+    have_unique_addr =
+        memcmp(bt_addr.addr, BLE_DEFAULT_ADDR, sizeof(bt_addr.addr)) != 0 && !is_unset_addr(bt_addr.addr);
+  } else {
+    // KV subsystem down (wrong partition layout, corrupted region): derive
+    // below instead of dereferencing null and boot-looping.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE address KV unavailable; deriving address from WiFi MAC");
+  }
+  if (!have_unique_addr) {
+    uint8_t wifi_mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
+    get_mac_address_raw(wifi_mac);  // MSB-first
+    // Reverse into controller (LSB-first) order, then BLE = WiFi + 1: increment
+    // the NIC low byte (addr[0] once reversed), no carry, OUI unchanged — the
+    // Beken/Tuya factory pairing the bk72xx sibling also uses.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+      bt_addr.addr[i] = wifi_mac[5 - i];
+    bt_addr.addr[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(bt_addr.addr[0] + 1);
+    if (int err = ln_kv_ble_addr_store(bt_addr); err != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to persist derived BLE address (err %d); will re-derive next boot", err);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MAC derived (WiFi+1) and stored");
+    }
+  }
+  memcpy(this->ble_mac_, bt_addr.addr, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Controller scan primitives
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
+  if (!this->is_active())
+    this->enable();
+
+  if (this->scanning_) {
+    // Already scanning - stop first so this call cleanly restarts with the new
+    // parameters (re-entry guard). Give the GAPM stop the same settle time
+    // enable() grants between consecutive GAPM operations before restarting.
+    this->scan_stop();
+    delay(10);  // NOLINT — restart-only, mirrors enable()'s inter-operation settle
+  }
+
+  // Double-buffered static block — see s_scan_params for the lifetime rationale.
+  le_scan_parameters_t *p = next_scan_params();
+  p->dup_filt_pol = GAPM_DUP_FILT_DIS;
+  p->type = GAPM_SCAN_TYPE_OBSERVER;
+  p->scan_intv = interval;
+  p->scan_wd = window;
+  // Legacy 1M PHY only: consumers size their buffers for legacy advertisements
+  // (62 B); coded/extended PHY (up to 255 B) would be silently truncated.
+  p->prop = GAPM_SCAN_PROP_PHY_1M_BIT;
+  if (active)
+    p->prop |= GAPM_SCAN_PROP_ACTIVE_1M_BIT;
+
+  ln_ble_scan_start(p);
+  // ln_ble_scan_start() returns void, so this tracks the requested state, not a
+  // confirmed one — a controller-side failure surfaces as an idle scanner (no
+  // reports), which the consumer's start retry/backoff owns.
+  this->scanning_ = true;
+}
+
+void LN882HBLE::scan_stop() {
+  // No-op when idle, as documented: the guard keeps a redundant SDK stop off
+  // the GAPM path (scan_start()'s re-entry guard calls this while scanning).
+  if (!this->scanning_)
+    return;
+  ln_ble_scan_stop();
+  this->scanning_ = false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_LN882H_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b4a67b566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_LN882H_BLE
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ln882h_ble {
+
+enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
+  STATE_OFF = 0,
+  ENABLING,
+  ACTIVE,
+};
+
+/// One scan report from the controller, decoded from the SDK's rw-task event
+/// (RSSI already sign-corrected).
+struct BLEScanReport {
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];  // as the controller delivers it (LSB-first)
+  int8_t rssi;                    // signed dBm (-127..+20)
+  uint8_t addr_type;
+  bool is_scan_response;  // report is a scan response (active scan)
+  bool scannable;         // advertisement may be followed by a scan response
+  uint8_t data_len;       // bytes valid in data[] (<= 62)
+  // Each report carries ONE frame — a legacy advertisement (<=31 B) or a scan
+  // response (<=31 B) — delivered split, exactly as the SDK reports them. The
+  // TRACKER merges the pair into a single frame before any consumer sees it
+  // (Bluedroid semantics, HubCapabilities::merges_scan_response). 62 is twice
+  // the legacy maximum: defensive headroom for the data_len clamp, and the
+  // same width as the merged framing downstream.
+  uint8_t data[62];
+
+  // EventPool contract: nothing is heap-allocated inside a report.
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+/// Consumer interface for controller scan reports. on_scan_report() always runs
+/// on the ESPHome main task: reports are queued from the SDK's rw task and
+/// drained by the controller's loop(), so consumers never deal with cross-task
+/// state (the esp32_ble event-queue pattern).
+class BLEScanListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void on_scan_report(const BLEScanReport &report) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ~BLEScanListener() = default;  // deletion via this interface is not part of the contract
+};
+
+// Maximum reports buffered between the rw task and loop(). Sized from the
+// measured worst case, not copied: WiFi/BLE coexistence delays rw-task report
+// delivery by up to ~136 ms on this device (see the tracker's pending-adv
+// timeout rationale), and a busy 2.4 GHz environment delivers ~200-400
+// reports/s — a stall plus one loop() interval buffers ~30-60 reports, so 63
+// usable slots absorb it with margin. ~4.7 KB at high water, reached only
+// during such stalls.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE = 64;
+
+// Rejected frames tolerated before the first delivered report without
+// declaring the scanner dead (boot-time stray extended frames are normal).
+static constexpr uint16_t REJECTED_DEAD_SCANNER_THRESHOLD = 16;
+
+class LN882HBLE final : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+
+  /// Bring up the LN882H BLE stack (one-time; the SDK has no teardown path).
+  /// Requires setup() to have run: rw_init() is handed the address resolved
+  /// there. Blocks ~120 ms across the SDK's settle points, so calling it from
+  /// loop() (enable_on_boot: false) trips the loop-blocking warning once.
+  void enable();
+  bool is_active() const { return this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ACTIVE; }
+
+  void set_enable_on_boot(bool enable_on_boot) { this->enable_on_boot_ = enable_on_boot; }
+
+  /// Controller BLE address in the SDK's ln_bd_addr_t order: least-significant
+  /// octet first (the BLE/HCI convention). Reverse for printable form — the
+  /// byte order is in the name so platform analogs cannot be confused
+  /// (the bk72xx sibling exposes the same accessor).
+  void get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[6]) const;
+
+#ifdef LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+  /// Register a consumer for scan reports (delivered on the main task via loop()).
+  /// Storage is codegen-sized: the consumer's codegen requests a slot via
+  /// request_scan_listener_slot(), which emits LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT.
+  void register_scan_listener(BLEScanListener *listener) { this->scan_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+#endif
+
+  /// Start the controller scan. Interval/window are in BLE units (0.625 ms);
+  /// active enables scan requests on the 1M PHY. Enables the stack first if
+  /// needed. Scans the legacy 1M PHY only (extended/coded PHY advertisements
+  /// exceed the legacy 62-byte framing consumers are sized for).
+  void scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
+  /// Stop the controller scan (no-op when not scanning).
+  void scan_stop();
+
+  /// Internal, SDK rw-task event-callback context: allocate a pool slot for a
+  /// scan report. Returns nullptr (and counts the drop) when the queue is full;
+  /// the callback fills the slot in place — no intermediate copy.
+  BLEScanReport *allocate_scan_report();
+  /// Internal: hand a filled slot to the main-task queue (cannot fail — the
+  /// pool is sized to the queue capacity).
+  void push_scan_report(BLEScanReport *report);
+  /// Internal, rw-task context: count a report rejected by the legacy-only
+  /// filter, so a wrong assumption about the stack's report encoding shows up
+  /// in verbose logs instead of as a scanner that silently reports nothing.
+  void count_rejected_report() { this->rejected_reports_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+
+ protected:
+  void resolve_mac_();
+
+#ifdef LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiation —
+  // the same StaticVector pattern as the tracker's ble_device_base listeners.
+  StaticVector<BLEScanListener *, LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT> scan_listeners_;
+#endif
+  // Report ring: the SDK event callback (rw task) allocates a report from the
+  // pool, fills it and pushes the pointer; loop() pops, dispatches and releases.
+  // Lock-free SPSC, zero allocation at steady state — the esp32_ble pattern.
+  // Overflow drops the NEWEST report (allocate fails, producer counts and
+  // returns) — under a coexistence stall the freshest advertisements are lost
+  // while queued ones drain. Deliberate: matches esp32_ble, and dropping from
+  // the head would need consumer-side locking this design exists to avoid.
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE> report_queue_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1): the ring reserves one slot, so
+  // allocate() returns nullptr before push() can fail. This prevents leaking a
+  // pool slot on a failed push and keeps release() off the producer path.
+  esphome::EventPool<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> report_pool_;
+  // Reports rejected by the legacy-only filter (rw-task producer, main-task
+  // consumer via exchange in loop()).
+  std::atomic<uint16_t> rejected_reports_{0};
+  uint8_t ble_mac_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};  // controller (LSB-first) order, as ln_bd_addr_t stores it
+  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
+  bool enable_on_boot_{false};
+  bool scanning_{false};  // controller scan running (re-entry guard for scan_start)
+  // Dead-scanner diagnosis: done once a report is delivered or the one-shot
+  // warning has fired, whichever comes first.
+  bool reject_diagnosis_done_{false};
+  uint32_t rejected_before_delivery_{0};  // drives the dead-scanner warning
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_LN882H_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4bfaa93ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""LN882H BLE scanner implementing the ble_device_base BLEHub contract on
+top of the ln882h_ble controller. With continuous: false nothing scans until
+an explicit start_scan() call."""
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, ln882h_ble, ota
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import automation as ble_automation
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CONF_LN882H_BLE_ID = "ln882h_ble_id"
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ln882x"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "ln882h_ble"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Bl00d-B0b"]
+
+ble_device_base.register_hub_provider("ln882h_ble_tracker")
+
+ln882h_ble_tracker_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ln882h_ble_tracker")
+LN882HBLETracker = ln882h_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
+    "LN882HBLETracker", ble_device_base.BLEHub, cg.Component
+)
+
+StartScanAction = ln882h_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StartScanAction", automation.Action)
+StopScanAction = ln882h_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StopScanAction", automation.Action)
+
+ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEEndOfScanTrigger = ble_automation.BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+
+
+# LN882H SDK reference scan rate: 100 ms interval / 50 ms window (50 % duty).
+SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema(
+    "100ms", window_default="50ms"
+)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LN882HBLETracker),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LN882H_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(ln882h_ble.LN882HBLE),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, default={}): SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE): ble_automation.advertise_trigger_schema(
+            ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SCAN_END): ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_schema(
+            BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ln882h_ble_tracker.start_scan",
+    StartScanAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(LN882HBLETracker),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def start_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    if (continuous := config.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS)) is not None:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(continuous, args, cg.bool_)
+        cg.add(var.set_continuous(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ln882h_ble_tracker.stop_scan",
+    StopScanAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(LN882HBLETracker),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def stop_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER")
+    # Compiles the shared adv + scan-response merge (the LN controller
+    # delivers the pair as separate reports).
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LN882H_BLE_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    # The tracker registers itself as a controller scan listener in setup();
+    # request the codegen-sized StaticVector slot for it.
+    ln882h_ble.request_scan_listener_slot()
+
+    # Get notified when an OTA update starts, to pause scanning (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
+    ota.request_ota_state_listeners()
+
+    scan = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_interval(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_INTERVAL])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_WINDOW])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(scan[CONF_DURATION].total_milliseconds))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_active(scan[CONF_ACTIVE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_configured_continuous(scan[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE, []):
+        await ble_automation.advertise_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
+
+    for trigger_key, uuid_key, setter_prefix in (
+        (CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, "set_service_uuid"),
+        (
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+            CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+            "set_manufacturer_uuid",
+        ),
+    ):
+        for conf in config.get(trigger_key, []):
+            await ble_automation.uuid_trigger_to_code(
+                conf, var, uuid_key, setter_prefix
+            )
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_SCAN_END, []):
+        await ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/automation.h b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b211384a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Scan-control actions for ln882h_ble_tracker. The automation triggers are the
+// neutral ble_device_base classes (ble_device_base/automation.h).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "ln882h_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StartScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<LN882HBLETracker> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // With continuous: set, the action wins. Without it, the configured value
+    // is used - stop_scan() clears the runtime flag permanently, so a bare
+    // stop_scan/start_scan pair would otherwise never resume continuous mode.
+    const bool want =
+        this->continuous_.has_value() ? this->continuous_.value(x...) : this->parent_->configured_continuous();
+    if (this->parent_->scan_running()) {
+      // Same mode on a running scan is a no-op (esp32 parity): re-anchoring
+      // the duration window here would let a repeated action keep a one-shot
+      // scan alive forever. A real mode switch re-anchors so a change to
+      // one-shot runs a full duration from now.
+      if (want != this->parent_->scan_continuous()) {
+        this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+        this->parent_->restart_scan_duration();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+    this->parent_->start_scan();
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StopScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<LN882HBLETracker> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_scan(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1083e5fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "ln882h_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ln882h_ble_tracker";
+
+static constexpr float BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS = 0.625f;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Component lifecycle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::setup() {
+  // Receive the controller's scan reports; the controller queues them from the
+  // rw task and delivers here on the main task.
+  this->parent_->register_scan_listener(this);
+  // Merged (and unmerged) frames go to the shared dispatcher; scan_continuous_
+  // is read at each delivery to decide unclaimed-device logging.
+  this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, TAG);
+  // scan_running_ check: an on_boot start_scan action (priority 600) runs
+  // before this setup() (200) and enable_loop() is a no-op pre-setup — parking
+  // the loop here would strand that already-running scan.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
+    // Say so once: with continuous: false nothing scans until an explicit
+    // start_scan() — silence here reads as a broken scanner.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scanning not started (continuous: false) - waiting for an explicit start_scan()");
+    // Nothing to time until then; start_scan_() re-enables the loop.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Pause scanning while an OTA update is in flight — on the single-core LN882H the
+  // BLE scan competes with the OTA flash writes. Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
+  ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+void LN882HBLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error,
+                                           ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
+  if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED) {
+    this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
+    this->scan_running_before_ota_ = this->scan_running_;
+    this->stop_scan();
+  } else if (state == ota::OTA_ERROR || state == ota::OTA_ABORT) {
+    // On success the device reboots, so restore only on a failed/aborted
+    // update. Continuous mode resumes via loop()'s idle branch; a one-shot
+    // scan that was running is restarted explicitly (bk72xx sibling parity —
+    // stop_scan() cleared it and nothing else would bring it back).
+    if (this->scan_continuous_before_ota_) {
+      this->scan_continuous_ = true;
+      this->enable_loop();  // stop_scan() disabled it; loop()'s idle branch restarts the scan
+    } else if (this->scan_running_before_ota_) {
+      this->start_scan();
+    }
+    this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = false;
+    this->scan_running_before_ota_ = false;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::loop() {
+  if (this->pending_start_) {
+    // A start_scan latched before the controller's setup(); safe now — loop()
+    // only runs after every component set up.
+    this->pending_start_ = false;
+    if (!this->scan_running_) {
+      this->start_scan_();
+    }
+  }
+  // Deliver held scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived —
+  // unmerged after the merger's timeout. Main-task only, like every merger call.
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (!this->merger_.empty())
+    this->merger_.sweep(now);
+
+  if (this->scan_continuous_) {
+    if (!this->scan_running_) {
+      this->start_scan_();
+      // start_scan_() re-anchors scan_period_start_ from a later millis() than
+      // the cached `now`; resume the period timer next iteration.
+      return;
+    }
+    // Period timer: once per scan_duration_ window, restart the controller scan
+    // and fire on_scan_end(), mirroring esp32_ble_tracker::cleanup_scan_state_().
+    // The restart is the recovery path for the coexistence failure documented in
+    // the header. scan_start() re-enters cleanly on its own: it stops an
+    // in-flight scan and grants the controller's 10 ms GAPM settle before
+    // restarting — an explicit scan_stop() first would clear the controller's
+    // re-entry guard and skip that settle.
+    if (now - this->scan_period_start_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan period elapsed - restarting scan");
+      this->parent_->scan_start(this->scan_interval_, this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_);
+      // Keep both clocks anchored to the restart: a runtime switch to
+      // non-continuous then times out the current period, not the whole run.
+      this->scan_start_time_ = now;
+      this->end_scan_period_(now);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Non-continuous mode: run for scan_duration_ ms, then stop and fire on_scan_end.
+  // Restart is driven externally (e.g. wifi: on_connect:).
+  if (this->scan_running_ && now - this->scan_start_time_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+    this->stop_scan_();
+  }
+}
+
+bool LN882HBLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
+  if (this->scan_active_ == active)
+    return true;
+  this->scan_active_ = active;
+  // V: the proxy's "Setting scanner mode" line already narrates this at D.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  // scan_start() re-enters cleanly (stops + GAPM settle). No on_scan_end and
+  // no period reset: the scan logically continues, only the mode changes.
+  if (this->scan_running_) {
+    this->parent_->scan_start(this->scan_interval_, this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "LN882H BLE Tracker:\n"
+                "  Scan Duration: %" PRIu32 " s\n"
+                "  Scan Interval: %.0f ms (%" PRIu16 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Window: %.0f ms (%" PRIu16 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Type: %s\n"
+                "  Continuous Scanning: %s",
+                this->scan_duration_ / 1000, this->scan_interval_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_interval_,
+                this->scan_window_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_ ? "ACTIVE" : "PASSIVE",
+                YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Adv/scan-response demux into the shared merger (ble_device_base): the LN
+// controller delivers the pair as separate reports; a scannable advertisement
+// is held until its scan response arrives and delivered as one merged frame.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::on_scan_report(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
+  if (report.is_scan_response) {
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Stash only while the scan runs: after a one-shot stop the loop is
+  // disabled and nothing would sweep the merger, so a late report would
+  // surface minutes later as a fresh advertisement.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->scan_active_ && report.scannable) {
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len, millis());
+    return;
+  }
+  this->dispatcher_.dispatch(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                             /*raw_only=*/false, this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : TAG);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public scan actions
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::start_scan() {
+  // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker::start_scan(): caller sets scan_continuous_ via
+  // set_scan_continuous() first, then calls start_scan() to begin scanning.
+  if (!this->parent_->is_ready()) {
+    // An on_boot automation (priority 600) runs before the controller's
+    // setup() has resolved the BLE MAC; scan_start() now would rw_init() the
+    // all-zero address and bring BLE up before WiFi. Latch; loop() applies
+    // the start once every setup() has run.
+    this->pending_start_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->scan_running_) {
+    this->start_scan_();
+  }
+}
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::restart_scan_duration() {
+  if (!this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+  // Re-anchor only the one-shot duration clock. scan_period_start_ (the
+  // continuous-mode on_scan_end period) is deliberately left alone: a
+  // start_scan action fired more often than scan_duration_ would otherwise
+  // suppress on_scan_end indefinitely — and absence detection (ble_rssi's NAN
+  // publish) rides on that period.
+  this->scan_start_time_ = millis();
+}
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::stop_scan() {
+  // Cancel a start latched before the controller's setup(); without this an
+  // on_boot start_scan/stop_scan pair would still start at the first loop().
+  this->pending_start_ = false;
+  this->scan_continuous_ = false;
+  this->stop_scan_();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal scan start / stop
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::start_scan_() {
+  if (this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+
+  // The controller enables the stack on first use and owns the report queue;
+  // this call is all the SDK interaction the tracker ever needs.
+  this->parent_->scan_start(this->scan_interval_, this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_);
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  this->scan_running_ = true;
+  this->scan_start_time_ = now;
+  this->enable_loop();  // an idle non-continuous tracker disabled it in stop_scan_()
+  // Log every explicit start at DEBUG — stop_scan_() logs every stop at DEBUG, and
+  // in non-continuous mode each period is an explicit start, so asymmetric logging
+  // would read as the scanner failing to come back up.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE scan started (%s, window=%.0fms, interval=%.0fms)", this->scan_active_ ? "active" : "passive",
+           this->scan_window_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_interval_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS);
+  // Re-anchor the on_scan_end period to every successful start, so a restart
+  // later than scan_duration (e.g. a failed OTA restoring continuous mode)
+  // does not fire on_scan_end before an advertisement can arrive.
+  this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+}
+
+void LN882HBLETracker::stop_scan_() {
+  if (!this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+  this->parent_->scan_stop();
+  this->scan_running_ = false;
+  // DEBUG like start_scan_() — a per-period stop at INFO would read as the
+  // scanner failing to come back up.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE scan stopped");
+  this->end_scan_period_(millis());  // also resets the period clock so on_scan_end does not double-fire
+  // scan_running_ re-check: an on_scan_end automation runs synchronously inside
+  // end_scan_period_() and may have called start_scan() — parking the loop then
+  // would leave the radio scanning with no period timing or pending-adv sweep.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_) {
+    // Nothing left to time; start_scan_() re-enables the loop.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+// Close a scan period: deliver held advertisements whose scan response never
+// came (unmerged) BEFORE on_scan_end fires, then re-anchor the period clock.
+void LN882HBLETracker::end_scan_period_(uint32_t now) {
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  this->dispatcher_.on_scan_end();
+  this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc42aebce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/ln882h_ble_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// BLE scanner for LN882H: implements ble_device_base::BLEHub on top of the
+// ln882h_ble controller (which owns all SDK calls and delivers scan reports on
+// the main task). Scan policy lives here: parameters, period timers with
+// per-period restart, and the adv+scan-response merge.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ln882h_ble/ln882h_ble.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker {
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LN882HBLETracker
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LN882HBLETracker : public Component,
+                         public Parented<ln882h_ble::LN882HBLE>,
+                         public ln882h_ble::BLEScanListener
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    ,
+                         public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+#endif
+{
+ public:
+  // ---- ESPHome Component ----
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Pause scanning while an OTA update runs (single-core WiFi/BLE/flash contention);
+  // mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
+  void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
+#endif
+
+  // ---- YAML configuration setters ----
+  void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) { this->scan_active_ = scan_active; }
+  void set_scan_interval(uint16_t scan_interval) { this->scan_interval_ = scan_interval; }
+  void set_scan_window(uint16_t scan_window) { this->scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+  void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { this->scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
+  /// Set from YAML (scan_parameters.continuous); also the value
+  /// configured_continuous() reports and a bare start_scan action restores.
+  void set_configured_continuous(bool scan_continuous) {
+    this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+    this->scan_continuous_configured_ = scan_continuous;
+  }
+  /// Runtime control (esp32_ble_tracker lambda parity): does not change the
+  /// configured value, so configured_continuous() still reports what YAML
+  /// asked for.
+  void set_scan_continuous(bool scan_continuous) { this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous; }
+  bool scan_continuous() const { return this->scan_continuous_; }
+  bool configured_continuous() const { return this->scan_continuous_configured_; }
+  /// Re-anchor the one-shot duration clock of a running scan to now — used
+  /// when an action changes the scan mode without stopping the radio. The
+  /// continuous-mode on_scan_end period is deliberately not touched.
+  void restart_scan_duration();
+
+  // ---- Public scan control ----
+  // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker: set_scan_continuous() + start_scan() / stop_scan().
+  void start_scan();
+  void stop_scan();
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub contract ----
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(listener);
+  }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback(callback);
+  }
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
+    // The LN882H controller supports active scanning; adv + scan response arrive
+    // as separate reports and are merged by this tracker (Bluedroid semantics).
+    // The SDK's GATT client is not exposed.
+    // scan_mode_switch: request_scan_mode() is implemented (restart-if-running).
+    return {.active_scan = true, .merges_scan_response = true, .gatt = false, .scan_mode_switch = true};
+  }
+  // The controller stores the address LSB-first (BLE convention); the contract
+  // wants printable (MSB-first) order.
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) {
+    uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+    this->parent_->get_mac_lsb_first(mac);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+      out[i] = mac[5 - i];
+  }
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scan_running_; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active);
+
+  // ---- ln882h_ble::BLEScanListener ----
+  // Delivered by the controller's loop() on the ESPHome main task — the
+  // rw-task → main-task handoff already happened in the controller's queue.
+  // Demultiplexes advertisements vs scan responses and drives the merge.
+  void on_scan_report(const ln882h_ble::BLEScanReport &report) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void start_scan_();
+  void stop_scan_();
+  // Close a scan period: flush held advertisements (unmerged) BEFORE
+  // on_scan_end fires, then re-anchor the period clock to `now`.
+  void end_scan_period_(uint32_t now);
+
+  bool scan_running_{false};
+  bool scan_active_{false};
+  // Defaults are the LN882H SDK's recommended scan parameters
+  // (ln_ble_scan.h: SCAN_INTERVAL_DEF 0xA0, SCAN_WINDOW_DEF 0x50 → 50 % duty).
+  // uint16_t matches the controller's scan_start() parameters.
+  uint16_t scan_interval_{160};  // 160 × 0.625 ms = 100 ms (SDK SCAN_INTERVAL_DEF)
+  uint16_t scan_window_{80};     // 80 × 0.625 ms = 50 ms (SDK SCAN_WINDOW_DEF; 50/100 = 50 %)
+  uint32_t scan_duration_{300000};
+  bool scan_continuous_{true};
+  bool pending_start_{false};              // start_scan() latched before the controller's setup()
+  bool scan_continuous_configured_{true};  // YAML value; stop_scan() must not lose it
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_{false};  // continuous mode saved at OTA start, restored on OTA failure
+  bool scan_running_before_ota_{false};     // one-shot scan running at OTA start, restarted on OTA failure
+#endif
+  uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};
+
+  // Shared adv + scan-response merge and frame dispatch (ble_device_base).
+  // All calls run on the main task (the controller queue already crossed
+  // tasks); the merger is clocked by millis() throughout this tracker.
+  ble_device_base::ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  ble_device_base::AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
+
+  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};  // millis() at start of current scan period; used to rate-limit on_scan_end()
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ln882h_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
index 9c91827522..b4e179c4a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
     LibreTinyComponent,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import LN882X_BOARD_PINS, LN882X_BOARDS
 
@@ -45,25 +47,29 @@ COMPONENT_DATA = LibreTinyComponent(
 )
 
 
-def _set_core_data(config):
+def _set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] = COMPONENT_DATA
     return config
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA
+# extend({}) makes this platform's own schema instance: BASE_SCHEMA is shared
+# by every LibreTiny platform, and prepending this platform's _set_core_data
+# onto the shared object would run it for every platform's validation once two
+# platform modules are imported in one process (device-builder, tests).
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA.extend({})
 
 PIN_SCHEMA = libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA.prepend_extra(_set_core_data)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.component_to_code(config)
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("ln882x", PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pin_to_code(config):
+async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
index 0a8ad58bc2..a4a7b5237d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
@@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_UNLOCK,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @setup_entity("lock")
-async def _setup_lock_core(var, config):
+async def _setup_lock_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
     if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ async def _setup_lock_core(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_lock(var, config):
+async def register_lock(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("lock", config)
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ async def register_lock(var, config):
     await _setup_lock_core(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_lock(config, *args):
+async def new_lock(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_lock(var, config)
     return var
@@ -143,23 +144,38 @@ LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "lock.open", OpenAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def lock_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lock_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_condition("lock.is_locked", LockCondition, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-async def lock_is_on_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lock_is_on_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, True)
 
 
 @automation.register_condition("lock.is_unlocked", LockCondition, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-async def lock_is_off_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lock_is_off_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, False)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(lock_ns.using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 9629dce0bf..07b8b03084 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import LambdaAction, StatelessLambdaAction
@@ -54,11 +55,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ HARDWARE_UART_TO_SERIAL = {
         UART2: cg.global_ns.Serial2,
         DEFAULT: cg.global_ns.Serial,
     },
-    PLATFORM_RP2040: {
+    PLATFORM_RP2: {
         UART0: cg.global_ns.Serial1,
         UART1: cg.global_ns.Serial2,
         USB_CDC: cg.global_ns.Serial,
@@ -164,14 +166,14 @@ HARDWARE_UART_TO_SERIAL = {
 is_log_level = cv.one_of(*LOG_LEVELS, upper=True)
 
 
-def uart_selection(value):
+def uart_selection(value: Any) -> str:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
         if variant in UART_SELECTION_ESP32:
             return cv.one_of(*UART_SELECTION_ESP32[variant], upper=True)(value)
     if CORE.is_esp8266:
         return cv.one_of(*UART_SELECTION_ESP8266, upper=True)(value)
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
         return cv.one_of(*UART_SELECTION_RP2040, upper=True)(value)
     if CORE.is_libretiny:
         family = get_libretiny_family()
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ def uart_selection(value):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def validate_local_no_higher_than_global(config):
+def validate_local_no_higher_than_global(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     global_level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     global_level_index = LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY.index(global_level)
     errs = []
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ def validate_local_no_higher_than_global(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config):
+def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if initial_level := config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL):
         global_level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
         if LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY.index(initial_level) > LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY.index(
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@ def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_wait_for_cdc(config):
+def validate_wait_for_cdc(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config.get(CONF_WAIT_FOR_CDC) and config.get(CONF_HARDWARE_UART) != USB_CDC:
         raise cv.Invalid("wait_for_cdc requires hardware_uart: USB_CDC")
     return config
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 esp32_s2=USB_CDC,
                 esp32_s3=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
                 esp32_s31=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
-                rp2040=USB_CDC,
+                rp2=USB_CDC,
                 bk72xx=DEFAULT,
                 ln882x=DEFAULT,
                 rtl87xx=DEFAULT,
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     [
                         PLATFORM_ESP8266,
                         PLATFORM_ESP32,
-                        PLATFORM_RP2040,
+                        PLATFORM_RP2,
                         PLATFORM_BK72XX,
                         PLATFORM_LN882X,
                         PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
@@ -410,18 +412,20 @@ async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         from esphome.components.esp8266.const import enable_serial, enable_serial1
 
         hw_uart = config.get(CONF_HARDWARE_UART, UART0)
-        if has_serial_logging and hw_uart in (UART0, UART0_SWAP):
+        if not has_serial_logging:
+            # No serial logging: stub out ROM ets_putc so stray output (newlib
+            # stdout, lwIP diagnostics) cannot block on a slow or shared UART0.
+            # ets_putc always writes to the physical UART and cannot be disabled
+            # through uart_set_debug(); see __wrap_ets_putc in logger_esp8266.cpp.
+            cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,--wrap=ets_putc")
+        elif hw_uart in (UART0, UART0_SWAP):
             cg.add_define("USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL")
             enable_serial()
-        elif has_serial_logging and hw_uart == UART1:
+        elif hw_uart == UART1:
             cg.add_define("USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL1")
             enable_serial1()
 
-    if (
-        (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2040)
-        and has_serial_logging
-        and is_at_least_verbose
-    ):
+    if (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2) and has_serial_logging and is_at_least_verbose:
         debug_serial_port = HARDWARE_UART_TO_SERIAL[CORE.target_platform][
             config.get(CONF_HARDWARE_UART)
         ]
@@ -516,7 +520,7 @@ async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.add_job(final_step)
 
 
-def validate_printf(value):
+def validate_printf(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30011379/how-can-i-parse-a-c-format-string-in-python
     cfmt = r"""
     (                                   # start of capture group 1
@@ -557,7 +561,12 @@ LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 @automation.register_action(
     CONF_LOGGER_LOG, LambdaAction, LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def logger_log_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     esp_log = LOG_LEVEL_TO_ESP_LOG[config[CONF_LEVEL]]
     args_ = [cg.RawExpression(str(x)) for x in config[CONF_ARGS]]
 
@@ -582,7 +591,12 @@ async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def logger_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def logger_set_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     level = LOG_LEVELS[config[CONF_LEVEL]]
     logger = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LOGGER_ID])
     if tag := config.get(CONF_TAG):
@@ -605,7 +619,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
         "logger_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
         "logger_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
-        "logger_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "logger_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "logger_libretiny.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
@@ -654,7 +668,7 @@ def request_log_listener() -> None:
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def final_step():
+async def final_step() -> None:
     """Final code generation step to configure optional logger features."""
     domain_data = CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {})
     if domain_data.get(KEY_LEVEL_LISTENERS, False):
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 684da0202e..bfc005070e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -201,17 +201,10 @@ void Logger::process_messages_() {
 #endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 }
 
-void Logger::set_baud_rate(uint32_t baud_rate) { this->baud_rate_ = baud_rate; }
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS
 void Logger::set_log_level(const char *tag, uint8_t log_level) { this->log_levels_[tag] = log_level; }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-UARTSelection Logger::get_uart() const { return this->uart_; }
-#endif
-
-float Logger::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BUS + 500.0f; }
-
 // Log level strings - packed into flash on ESP8266, indexed by log level (0-7)
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(LogLevelStrings, "NONE", "ERROR", "WARN", "INFO", "CONFIG", "DEBUG", "VERBOSE", "VERY_VERBOSE");
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 784cbea67e..9c26814f7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266)
 #include <HardwareSerial.h>
 #endif  // USE_ESP8266
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include <HardwareSerial.h>
 #include <SerialUSB.h>
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 #endif  // USE_ARDUINO
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ struct CStrCompare {
 // macOS allows up to 64 bytes, Linux up to 16
 static constexpr size_t THREAD_NAME_BUF_SIZE = 64;
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 /** Enum for logging UART selection
  *
  * Advanced configuration (pin selection, etc) is not supported.
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ enum UARTSelection : uint8_t {
   UART_SELECTION_UART0_SWAP,
 #endif  // USE_ESP8266
 };
-#endif  // USE_ESP32 || USE_ESP8266 || USE_RP2040 || USE_LIBRETINY || USE_ZEPHYR
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 || USE_ESP8266 || USE_RP2 || USE_LIBRETINY || USE_ZEPHYR
 
 /**
  * @brief Logger component for all ESPHome logging.
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
   void loop() override;
 #endif
   /// Manually set the baud rate for serial, set to 0 to disable.
-  void set_baud_rate(uint32_t baud_rate);
+  void set_baud_rate(uint32_t baud_rate) { this->baud_rate_ = baud_rate; }
   uint32_t get_baud_rate() const { return baud_rate_; }
 #if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   Stream *get_hw_serial() const { return hw_serial_; }
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_HOST
   void create_pthread_key() { pthread_key_create(&log_recursion_key_, nullptr); }
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   void set_uart_selection(UARTSelection uart_selection) { uart_ = uart_selection; }
   /// Get the UART used by the logger.
-  UARTSelection get_uart() const;
+  UARTSelection get_uart() const { return this->uart_; }
 #endif
 
   /// Set the default log level for this logger.
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
   void add_level_listener(LoggerLevelListener *listener) { this->level_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
 #endif
 
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS + 500.0f; }
 
   void log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ class Logger final : public Component {
 #endif
   // Group smaller types together at the end
   uint8_t current_level_{ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE};
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   UARTSelection uart_{UART_SELECTION_UART0};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
@@ -505,8 +505,8 @@ class LoggerMessageTrigger final : public Trigger<uint8_t, const char *, const c
 #include "logger_esp32.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
 #include "logger_esp8266.h"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#include "logger_rp2040.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#include "logger_rp2.h"
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #include "logger_libretiny.h"
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp
index 5797b03ba7..ac71ba8e3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp
@@ -49,4 +49,17 @@ const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::logger
+
+#if !defined(USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL) && !defined(USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL1)
+// With serial logging disabled, ROM ets_putc still writes to the physical UART0
+// at whatever baud rate a uart bus configured there; uart_set_debug(UART_NO)
+// only silences the installable putc1 hook, not ets_putc itself. Blocking
+// writes at a low baud rate (for example 4800 for a power monitoring chip) can
+// starve the soft watchdog. All linked callers (newlib stdout, lwIP
+// diagnostics, postmortem dumps) are redirected here by -Wl,--wrap=ets_putc.
+// IRAM_ATTR because the ROM original is callable with the flash cache
+// disabled (for example from newlib's _write_r, which is placed in IRAM).
+extern "C" void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_ets_putc(char) {}
+#endif
+
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp
index fe094f6e9e..708ab883e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
 
   // Single write for everything
   fwrite(buffer, 1, pos, stdout);
+  fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void Logger::pre_setup() { global_logger = this; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.cpp
similarity index 85%
rename from esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.cpp
index a0215ec9ec..b949d7ee16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include "logger.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   }
   global_logger = this;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-  rp2040::crash_handler_log();
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+  rp2::crash_handler_log();
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::logger
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.h
similarity index 94%
rename from esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.h
rename to esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.h
index 604d8b8ca6..6ed25b298b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
index 240bcc57c7..b7884b702b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
     static const struct device *uart_dev = nullptr;
     switch (this->uart_) {
-      case UART_SELECTION_UART0:
+      case UART_SELECTION_UART0:  // NOLINT(bugprone-branch-clone)
         uart_dev = DEVICE_DT_GET_OR_NULL(DT_NODELABEL(uart0));
         break;
       case UART_SELECTION_UART1:
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py
index 6ce663978e..00f67422f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_LEVEL, CONF_LOGGER, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_BUG
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import register_component, register_parented
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_LOGGER_ID,
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = select.select_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     request_logger_level_listeners()
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LOGGER_ID])
     levels = list(LOG_LEVELS)
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp
index b6d6b22ab5..5cde18d19e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ TaskLogBuffer::~TaskLogBuffer() {
   }
 }
 
-size_t TaskLogBuffer::available_contiguous_space() const {
+size_t TaskLogBuffer::available_contiguous_space_() const {
   if (this->head_ >= this->tail_) {
     // head is ahead of or equal to tail
     // Available space is from head to end, plus from start to tail
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void TaskLogBuffer::release_message_main_loop() {
     this->tail_ = 0;
   }
 
-  this->message_count_--;
+  this->message_count_ = this->message_count_ - 1;
   this->current_message_size_ = 0;
 
   xSemaphoreGive(this->mutex_);
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uin
   }
 
   // Check if we have enough contiguous space
-  size_t contiguous = this->available_contiguous_space();
+  size_t contiguous = this->available_contiguous_space_();
 
   if (contiguous < total_size) {
     // Not enough contiguous space at end
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uin
     }
 
     // Need at least enough space to safely write padding marker (level field is at end of struct)
-    constexpr size_t PADDING_MARKER_MIN_SPACE = offsetof(LogMessage, level) + 1;
+    constexpr size_t padding_marker_min_space = offsetof(LogMessage, level) + 1;
 
-    if (space_at_start >= total_size && this->head_ > 0 && contiguous >= PADDING_MARKER_MIN_SPACE) {
+    if (space_at_start >= total_size && this->head_ > 0 && contiguous >= padding_marker_min_space) {
       // Add padding marker (set level field to indicate this is padding, not a real message)
       LogMessage *padding = reinterpret_cast<LogMessage *>(this->storage_ + this->head_);
       padding->level = PADDING_MARKER_LEVEL;
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uin
     this->head_ = 0;
   }
 
-  this->message_count_++;
+  this->message_count_ = this->message_count_ + 1;
 
   xSemaphoreGive(this->mutex_);
   return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h
index b42894502a..ce469a1a18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TaskLogBuffer {
   static inline size_t message_total_size(size_t text_length) { return sizeof(LogMessage) + text_length + 1; }
 
   // Calculate available contiguous space at write position
-  size_t available_contiguous_space() const;
+  size_t available_contiguous_space_() const;
 
   uint8_t storage_[ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE];  // Embedded in Logger (no separate heap allocation)
   size_t head_{0};                                 // Write position
diff --git a/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py
index 08e97ee7b7..2eec2c586c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lps22/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nagisa"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py
index 8c2c5198ea..064cd312a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/motion.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
 )
 from esphome.components.motion import motion_schema, new_motion_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import LSM6DSComponent, lsm6ds_ns
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 # ── Code generation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_motion_component(config)
 
     # Let the motion platform handle sensor wiring, axis mapping, and polling
diff --git a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py
index 980e84a2e9..c0c37f8527 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lsm6ds/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_LSM6DS_ID, LSM6DSComponent
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LSM6DS_ID])
     data = MockObj("data")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py
index 37fceaf984..c3ac90ad11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr390/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny", "@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py
index cca9330e76..c2091a6336 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr501/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NAME,
     CONF_REPEAT,
     CONF_TYPE,
-    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_6,
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -87,17 +90,17 @@ PS_GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_repeat_rate(value):
+def validate_repeat_rate(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(MEASUREMENT_REPEAT_RATES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config):
+def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     integraton_time = config[CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME]
     repeat_rate = config[CONF_REPEAT]
     if integraton_time > repeat_rate:
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_als_gain_and_integration_time(config):
+def validate_als_gain_and_integration_time(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     integraton_time = config[CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME]
     if config[CONF_GAIN] == "1X" and integraton_time > 100:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -169,7 +172,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_7,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -179,7 +182,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_PROXIMITY,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 sensor.sensor_schema(
                     icon=ICON_GAIN,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py
index 893415f028..af09282e2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -93,17 +96,17 @@ PS_GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_repeat_rate(value):
+def validate_repeat_rate(value: Any) -> Any:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(MEASUREMENT_REPEAT_RATES, int=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config):
+def validate_time_and_repeat_rate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     integraton_time = config[CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME]
     repeat_rate = config[CONF_REPEAT]
     if integraton_time > repeat_rate:
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
index 9137412abe..2d2f1d6288 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import importlib
 from pathlib import Path
 import pkgutil
@@ -52,11 +51,12 @@ from esphome.writer import clean_build
 from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
 
 from . import defines as df, lv_validation as lvalid, widgets
+from .animation import ANIMATION_SCHEMA, add_animation_triggers, animations_to_code
 from .automation import layers_to_code, lvgl_update
 from .defines import (
     CONF_ALIGN_TO_LAMBDA_ID,
+    CONF_ANIMATIONS,
     LOGGER,
-    add_lv_use,
     get_focused_widgets,
     get_lv_images_used,
     get_refreshed_widgets,
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ from .keypads import KEYPADS_CONFIG, keypads_to_code
 from .lv_validation import lv_bool
 from .lvcode import LvContext, LvglComponent, lv_event_t_ptr, lvgl_static
 from .schemas import (
-    BASE_PROPS,
     DISP_BG_SCHEMA,
     FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA,
     SET_STATE_SCHEMA,
@@ -82,9 +81,10 @@ from .schemas import (
     STYLE_SCHEMA,
     WIDGET_TYPES,
     any_widget_schema,
+    apply_style_driven_defines,
     container_schema,
     container_schema_value,
-    obj_dict,
+    theme_schema,
 )
 from .styles import styles_to_code, theme_to_code
 from .touchscreens import touchscreen_schema, touchscreens_to_code
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ from .widgets import (
     get_screen_active,
     set_obj_properties,
 )
-from .widgets.img import CONF_IMAGE
 
 # Import only what we actually use directly in this file
 from .widgets.msgbox import MSGBOX_SCHEMA, msgboxes_to_code
@@ -146,6 +145,8 @@ SIMPLE_TRIGGERS = (
     df.CONF_ON_RESUME,
     df.CONF_ON_DRAW_START,
     df.CONF_ON_DRAW_END,
+    df.CONF_ON_LANDSCAPE,
+    df.CONF_ON_PORTRAIT,
 )
 
 
@@ -211,6 +212,18 @@ def multi_conf_validate(configs: list[dict]):
                     raise cv.Invalid(
                         f"'{item}' must have an explicit group set when using multiple LVGL instances"
                     )
+    # The hidden styles a `theme:` block creates are tracked in a single map shared
+    # by all LVGL instances (keyed only by widget type, not by instance), so a
+    # second instance's `theme:` would silently lose to whichever instance is
+    # processed first instead of doing what its config implies.
+    themed_configs = sum(
+        1 for config in configs if config.get(df.CONF_THEME) is not None
+    )
+    if themed_configs > 1:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "'theme' may only be set on one LVGL instance when using multiple LVGL "
+            "instances -- combine both themes into a single instance's 'theme:' block"
+        )
     base_config = configs[0]
     for config in configs[1:]:
         for item in (
@@ -414,6 +427,10 @@ async def to_code(configs):
         await cg.register_component(lv_component, config)
         if rotation := config.get(CONF_ROTATION):
             cg.add(lv_component.set_rotation(rotation))
+        if paused := config[df.CONF_PAUSED]:
+            cg.add(lv_component.set_paused(paused, False))
+        if refr_time := config.get(df.CONF_REFRESH_INTERVAL):
+            cg.add(lv_component.set_refresh_interval(refr_time.total_milliseconds))
         Widget.create(config[CONF_ID], lv_component, LvScrActType(), config)
 
         lv_scr_act = get_screen_active(lv_component)
@@ -431,14 +448,25 @@ async def to_code(configs):
             await layers_to_code(lv_component, config)
             await lvgl_update(lv_component, config)
             await msgboxes_to_code(lv_component, config)
-            # await disp_update(lv_component.get_disp(), config)
+            await animations_to_code(config.get(CONF_ANIMATIONS, []))
+
     # Mark all widgets as completed so awaiters of ``wait_for_widgets`` proceed.
     set_widgets_completed(True)
     async with LvContext():
+        # Local import: lv_list imports meter, which imports obj_spec/set_obj_properties
+        # from this module's own namespace - a top-level import here would be circular.
+        from .widgets.lv_list import finish_list_triggers
+
+        # Must run before generate_triggers(): that's what actually processes other
+        # widgets' on_click etc. automations, which can include lvgl.list.add/remove/
+        # clear actions that fire a list's on_add/on_remove triggers - those need to
+        # already exist by then, not still be pending.
+        await finish_list_triggers()
         await generate_triggers()
         await generate_align_tos(configs[0])
         for config in configs:
             lv_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+            await add_animation_triggers(config.get(CONF_ANIMATIONS, []))
             await generate_page_triggers(config)
             await initial_focus_to_code(config)
             for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_IDLE, ()):
@@ -460,34 +488,16 @@ async def to_code(configs):
 
     # This must be done after all widgets are created
     styles_used = df.get_styles_used()
-    if any(BASE_PROPS.get(x) is lvalid.lv_image for x in styles_used):
-        add_lv_use(CONF_IMAGE)
+    apply_style_driven_defines(styles_used)
     for use in df.get_lv_uses():
         df.add_define(f"LV_USE_{use.upper()}")
         cg.add_define(f"USE_LVGL_{use.upper()}")
 
-    if {
-        "transform_rotation",
-        "transform_scale",
-        "transform_scale_x",
-        "transform_scale_y",
-    } & styles_used:
-        df.add_define("LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP", "1")
-
     if configs[0].get(df.CONF_THEME, {}).get(df.CONF_DARK_MODE):
         df.add_define("LV_THEME_DEFAULT_DARK", "1")
 
     # Currently always need RGB565 for the display buffer, and ARGB8888 is used for layer blending
     lv_image_formats = {"RGB565", "ARGB8888"}
-    if {
-        "drop_shadow_color",
-        "drop_shadow_offset_x",
-        "drop_shadow_offset_y",
-        "drop_shadow_opa",
-        "drop_shadow_quality",
-        "drop_shadow_radius",
-    } & styles_used:
-        lv_image_formats.add("A8")
 
     for image_id in get_lv_images_used():
         await cg.get_variable(image_id)
@@ -542,34 +552,6 @@ def add_hello_world(config):
     return config
 
 
-@functools.cache
-def _build_theme_schema(
-    widget_types: tuple[tuple[str, widgets.WidgetType], ...],
-) -> cv.Schema:
-    # The theme schema is value-independent: it depends only on the set of
-    # registered widget types. Key the cache on a snapshot of WIDGET_TYPES so
-    # that an external component registering a new widget after the first
-    # validation (legal per any_widget_schema's lazy-evaluation contract)
-    # produces a fresh tuple, a cache miss, and a rebuilt schema -- the cache
-    # self-heals instead of stale-rejecting valid themes. See obj_dict() in
-    # schemas.py for why chained .extend() is avoided here.
-    return cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Optional(df.CONF_DARK_MODE, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            **{
-                cv.Optional(name): cv.Schema(
-                    {**obj_dict(w), **FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA.schema}
-                )
-                for name, w in widget_types
-            },
-        }
-    )
-
-
-def _theme_schema(value: dict) -> dict:
-    return _build_theme_schema(tuple(WIDGET_TYPES.items()))(value)
-
-
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validation
 
 # The options accepted at the top level of an `lvgl:` block, on top of the base
@@ -598,6 +580,7 @@ LVGL_TOP_LEVEL_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_DEFAULT_FONT, default="montserrat_14"): lvalid.lv_font,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_FULL_REFRESH, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_UPDATE_WHEN_DISPLAY_IDLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(df.CONF_REFRESH_INTERVAL): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING, default=2): cv.positive_int,
             cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=0): cv.percentage,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION): validate_rotation,
@@ -631,17 +614,19 @@ LVGL_TOP_LEVEL_SCHEMA = (
                 for x in SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
             },
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_MSGBOXES): cv.ensure_list(MSGBOX_SCHEMA),
+            cv.Optional(df.CONF_ANIMATIONS): cv.ensure_list(ANIMATION_SCHEMA),
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_PAGE_WRAP, default=True): lv_bool,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_TOP_LAYER): container_schema(obj_spec),
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_BOTTOM_LAYER): container_schema(obj_spec),
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_TRANSPARENCY_KEY, default=0x000400): lvalid.lv_color,
-            cv.Optional(df.CONF_THEME): _theme_schema,
+            cv.Optional(df.CONF_THEME): theme_schema,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_GRADIENTS): GRADIENT_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_TOUCHSCREENS, default=None): touchscreen_schema,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_ENCODERS, default=None): ENCODERS_CONFIG,
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_KEYPADS, default=None): KEYPADS_CONFIG,
             cv.GenerateID(df.CONF_DEFAULT_GROUP): cv.declare_id(lv_group_t),
             cv.Optional(df.CONF_RESUME_ON_INPUT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(df.CONF_PAUSED, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
     .extend(DISP_BG_SCHEMA)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/animation.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/animation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26bb433f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/animation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_ANIMATION
+#include "lvgl_esphome.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::lvgl {
+
+enum class AnimationState {
+  STOPPED,
+  STARTED,
+  RUNNING,
+};
+
+class LvAnimationTiming {
+ public:
+  // Map progress in the range [0, 1]
+  virtual float map_progress(float value) = 0;
+};
+
+class LvAnimationTimingRoundTrip : public LvAnimationTiming {
+ public:
+  // moving_length_ is the fraction of progress spent moving in each direction, in (0, 0.5].
+  // Callers must pass pause in [0, 1) -- pause == 1.0 would make moving_length_ zero and divide by zero below.
+  LvAnimationTimingRoundTrip(float pause) : moving_length_((1.0f - pause) / 2.0f) {}
+  float map_progress(float value) override {
+    if (value < this->moving_length_) {
+      return value / this->moving_length_;
+    }
+    if (value > 1.0f - this->moving_length_) {
+      return (1.0f - value) / this->moving_length_;
+    }
+    // pause in the middle
+    return 1.0f;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  float moving_length_{};
+};
+
+class LvAnimationTimingGravity : public LvAnimationTiming {
+ public:
+  LvAnimationTimingGravity(float acceleration, float bounce) : acceleration_(acceleration), bounce_(bounce) {}
+  float map_progress(float value) override {
+    if (value == 0.0f) {
+      this->initial_position_ = 0.0f;
+      this->initial_speed_ = 0.0f;
+      this->initial_time_ = 0.0f;
+    }
+    auto position = this->calc_pos_(value);
+    if (position > 1.0f) {
+      auto initial_time = this->calc_end_time_();
+      this->initial_speed_ = -this->calc_speed_(initial_time) * this->bounce_;
+      this->initial_position_ = 1.0f;
+      this->initial_time_ = initial_time;
+      position = calc_pos_(value);
+      if (position > 1.0f) {
+        position = 1.0f;
+      }
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  float calc_pos_(float value) const {
+    value -= this->initial_time_;
+    return (0.5 * value * this->acceleration_ + this->initial_speed_) * value + this->initial_position_;
+  }
+
+  float calc_speed_(float value) const {
+    value -= this->initial_time_;
+    return this->acceleration_ * value + this->initial_speed_;
+  }
+
+  float calc_end_time_() const {
+    return (-this->initial_speed_ + std::sqrt(this->initial_speed_ * this->initial_speed_ -
+                                              4.0f * this->acceleration_ / 2.0 * (this->initial_position_ - 1.0f))) /
+               this->acceleration_ +
+           this->initial_time_;
+  }
+
+  float acceleration_;
+  float bounce_;
+  float initial_position_{0.0f};
+  float initial_time_{0.0f};
+  float initial_speed_{0.0f};
+};
+
+class LvAnimationTimingEaseInOut : public LvAnimationTiming {
+ public:
+  LvAnimationTimingEaseInOut(float slope) : slope_(slope) {}
+  float map_progress(float value) override {
+    float sqr = value * value;
+    sqr = sqr / (2.0f * (sqr - value) + 1.0f);
+    return this->slope_ * sqr + (1.0 - this->slope_) * value;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  float slope_;
+};
+
+template<size_t DATA_SIZE, bool AUTO_START = false> class LvAnimation : public Component {
+ public:
+  LvAnimation(void (*update_callback)(const lv_coord_t *data), std::vector<TemplatableValue<lv_coord_t>> from,
+              std::vector<TemplatableValue<lv_coord_t>> to)
+      : update_callback_(update_callback) {
+    std::copy(from.begin(), from.end(), this->from_);
+    std::copy(to.begin(), to.end(), this->to_);
+  }
+
+  void start() {
+    if (this->state_ > AnimationState::STOPPED)
+      this->stop();
+    if (this->duration_ == 0)
+      return;
+    // evaluate any lambdas
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != DATA_SIZE; i++) {
+      this->data_from_[i] = this->from_[i].value();
+      this->data_to_[i] = this->to_[i].value();
+    }
+    this->start_time_ = millis();
+    this->state_ = AnimationState::STARTED;
+    this->loop();
+    this->start_callback_.call();
+  }
+
+  void stop() {
+    // Only fire the stop callback on a genuine running -> stopped transition, so that
+    // repeated stop() calls (e.g. start() pre-clearing a stopped animation) don't re-fire it.
+    if (this->state_ == AnimationState::STOPPED)
+      return;
+    this->state_ = AnimationState::STOPPED;
+    this->stop_callback_.call();
+  }
+
+  void setup() override {
+    if constexpr (AUTO_START)
+      this->start();
+  }
+
+  void loop() override {
+    if (this->state_ == AnimationState::STOPPED)
+      return;
+    uint32_t elapsed = millis() - this->start_time_;
+    float progress = static_cast<float>(elapsed) / static_cast<float>(this->duration_);
+    switch (this->state_) {
+      case AnimationState::STARTED:
+        if (elapsed < this->start_delay_)
+          return;
+        this->state_ = AnimationState::RUNNING;
+        this->start_time_ = millis();
+        progress = 0.0f;
+        break;
+      case AnimationState::RUNNING:
+        if (progress >= 1.0f) {
+          progress = 1.0f;
+          this->stop();
+          if (this->loop_)
+            this->start();
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto *timing : this->timings_) {
+      progress = timing->map_progress(progress);
+    }
+    lv_coord_t data[DATA_SIZE];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != DATA_SIZE; i++) {
+      data[i] = static_cast<lv_coord_t>(
+          roundf(this->data_from_[i] + static_cast<lv_coord_t>(this->data_to_[i] - this->data_from_[i]) * progress));
+    }
+    this->update_callback_(data);
+  }
+
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::PROCESSOR - 20.0; }
+  void set_duration(uint32_t duration) { this->duration_ = duration; }
+  void set_start_delay(uint32_t start_delay) { this->start_delay_ = start_delay; }
+  void add_timing(LvAnimationTiming *timing) { this->timings_.push_back(timing); }
+  void set_loop(bool loop) { this->loop_ = loop; }
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_start_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->start_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_stop_callback(F &&callback) { this->stop_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback)); }
+
+ protected:
+  void (*const update_callback_)(const lv_coord_t *data);
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> start_callback_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> stop_callback_{};
+  TemplatableValue<lv_coord_t> from_[DATA_SIZE]{};
+  TemplatableValue<lv_coord_t> to_[DATA_SIZE]{};
+  uint32_t duration_{0};
+  uint32_t start_delay_{0};
+  uint32_t start_time_{0};
+  lv_coord_t data_from_[DATA_SIZE]{0};
+  lv_coord_t data_to_[DATA_SIZE]{0};
+  AnimationState state_{AnimationState::STOPPED};
+  std::vector<LvAnimationTiming *> timings_{};
+  bool loop_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::lvgl
+
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_ANIMATION
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/animation.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/animation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95d45de5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/animation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+from esphome import automation, codegen as cg, config_validation as cv
+from esphome.automation import Trigger, build_automation
+from esphome.config_validation import COMPONENT_SCHEMA
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACCELERATION,
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_FROM,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_START,
+    CONF_TIMING,
+    CONF_TO,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_WEIGHT,
+)
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArguments
+
+from ..const import CONF_LOOP
+from .defines import (
+    CONF_AUTO_START,
+    CONF_LVGL_ID,
+    CONF_ON_STOP,
+    CONF_WIDGETS,
+    LValidator,
+    add_define,
+    literal,
+)
+from .lv_validation import (
+    color,
+    get_component_colors,
+    lv_color,
+    lv_milliseconds,
+    lv_positive_float,
+    lv_zero_to_one_float,
+)
+from .lvcode import LVGL_COMP_ARG, LambdaContext, LvglComponent, lv_add
+from .schemas import STYLE_PROPS
+from .types import LvAnimation, LvglAction, lv_color_t, lv_coord_t, lv_obj_t, lvgl_ns
+from .widgets import get_widgets
+
+LvAnimationTimingRoundTrip = lvgl_ns.class_("LvAnimationTimingRoundTrip")
+LvAnimationTimingEaseInOut = lvgl_ns.class_("LvAnimationTimingEaseInOut")
+
+CONF_BOUNCE = "bounce"
+CONF_PAUSE = "pause"
+
+
+def timing_class(name, extras=None):
+    # Convert config option to camel case
+    cls_name = "LvAnimationTiming" + "".join([w.capitalize() for w in name.split("_")])
+    cls = lvgl_ns.class_(cls_name)
+    schema = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cls)})
+    if extras:
+        schema = schema.extend(extras)
+    return name, schema
+
+
+# TODO - currently the order of arguments to timing classes is expected to be alphabetical, but this is not enforced.
+# It would be better to have a more robust way of passing arguments to the timing classes.
+TIMING_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
+    cv.typed_schema(
+        dict(
+            [
+                timing_class(
+                    "round_trip",
+                    {
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_PAUSE, default=0.0): cv.All(
+                            cv.percentage,
+                            cv.float_range(
+                                min=0.0, max=1.0, min_included=True, max_included=False
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    },
+                ),
+                timing_class(
+                    "ease_in_out",
+                    {cv.Optional(CONF_WEIGHT, default=1.0): cv.zero_to_one_float},
+                ),
+                timing_class(
+                    "gravity",
+                    {
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_ACCELERATION, default=0.5): lv_positive_float,
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_BOUNCE, default=0.5): lv_zero_to_one_float,
+                    },
+                ),
+            ]
+        ),
+        default_type="ease_in_out",
+    ),
+    key=CONF_TYPE,
+)
+
+CONF_START_DELAY = "start_delay"
+
+
+class LiteralColorValidator(LValidator):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            color, lv_color_t, retmapper=get_component_colors, animatable=True
+        )
+
+    def __call__(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "An animated color may not be set with a lambda, only a literal color value."
+            )
+        return super().__call__(value)
+
+
+literal_color = LiteralColorValidator()
+
+
+def from_to(validator):
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_FROM): validator,
+            cv.Required(CONF_TO): validator,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+# Colors can only be animated between constants, not lambdas.
+def map_v(validator):
+    if validator == lv_color:
+        return literal_color
+    return validator
+
+
+ANIMABLE_STYLES = {
+    k: map_v(v)
+    for k, v in STYLE_PROPS.items()
+    if isinstance(v, LValidator) and v.animatable
+}
+
+ANIMATION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_START, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DURATION, default="5s"): lv_milliseconds,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_START_DELAY, default="0s"): lv_milliseconds,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TIMING, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(TIMING_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(LvAnimation),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_START): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(Trigger.template()),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STOP): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(Trigger.template()),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Required(CONF_WIDGETS): cv.ensure_list(
+            cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_obj_t),
+                }
+            ).extend({cv.Optional(k): from_to(v) for k, v in ANIMABLE_STYLES.items()})
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def _process_arg(validator, arg) -> list:
+    # from/to values are evaluated at animation start with no arguments, so the
+    # generated lambda must be parameterless rather than inheriting the enclosing
+    # update-callback's `values` parameter.
+    value = await validator.process(arg, args=[], raw_lambda=True)
+    value = list(value) if isinstance(value, tuple) else [value]
+    return [literal(f"TemplatableValue<lv_coord_t>({v})") for v in value]
+
+
+async def animations_to_code(config):
+    for animation in config:
+        add_define("USE_LVGL_ANIMATION")
+        widgets = animation[CONF_WIDGETS]
+        async with LambdaContext(
+            [(lv_coord_t.operator("const").operator("ptr"), "values")]
+        ) as ctx:
+            froms = []
+            tos = []
+            for widget in widgets:
+                w = (await get_widgets(widget))[0]
+                props = [(k, v) for k, v in widget.items() if k in ANIMABLE_STYLES]
+                for prop, value_range in props:
+                    # prop is the style property, value_range is a dict with from: and to: values
+                    validator = ANIMABLE_STYLES[prop]
+                    from_value = await _process_arg(validator, value_range[CONF_FROM])
+                    to_value = await _process_arg(validator, value_range[CONF_TO])
+                    index = len(froms)
+                    if len(from_value) == 1:
+                        value = f"values[{index}]"
+                    else:
+                        value = f"lv_color_make(values[{index}+0], values[{index}+1], values[{index}+2])"
+                    w.set_style(prop, literal(value), 0)
+                    # The value arrays are extended by 1 item for scalar properties, 3 for colors
+                    froms.extend(from_value)
+                    tos.extend(to_value)
+
+        data_size = len(froms)
+        loop = animation[CONF_LOOP]
+        start_delay = await lv_milliseconds.process(animation.get(CONF_START_DELAY))
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            animation[CONF_ID],
+            TemplateArguments(data_size, animation[CONF_AUTO_START]),
+            await ctx.get_lambda(),
+            froms,
+            tos,
+        )
+        for timing in animation[CONF_TIMING]:
+            timing_id = timing[CONF_ID]
+            args = sorted(
+                [(k, v) for k, v in timing.items() if k not in [CONF_ID, CONF_TYPE]]
+            )
+            args = [v for k, v in args]
+            timing_var = cg.new_Pvariable(timing_id, *args)
+            cg.add(var.add_timing(timing_var))
+
+        if start_delay:
+            cg.add(var.set_start_delay(start_delay))
+        if loop:
+            cg.add(var.set_loop(loop))
+        cg.add(
+            var.set_duration(await lv_milliseconds.process(animation[CONF_DURATION]))
+        )
+        await cg.register_component(var, animation)
+
+
+async def add_animation_triggers(config):
+    async def add_triggers(animation: MockObj, event: str, config: dict) -> None:
+        for conf in config:
+            trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
+            await build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+            async with LambdaContext([]) as context:
+                lv_add(trigger.trigger())
+            lv_add(
+                getattr(
+                    animation,
+                    f"add_{event}_callback",
+                )(await context.get_lambda())
+            )
+
+    for animation in config:
+        var = await cg.get_variable(animation[CONF_ID])
+        await add_triggers(var, CONF_ON_START, animation.get(CONF_ON_START, []))
+        await add_triggers(var, CONF_ON_STOP, animation.get(CONF_ON_STOP, []))
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.animation.start",
+    LvglAction,
+    cv.maybe_simple_value(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.ensure_list(cv.use_id(LvAnimation)),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LVGL_ID): cv.use_id(LvglComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DURATION): lv_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_START_DELAY): lv_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP): cv.boolean,
+        },
+        key=CONF_ID,
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def start_animation(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    animations = config[CONF_ID]
+    loop = config.get(CONF_LOOP)
+    async with LambdaContext(LVGL_COMP_ARG, where=action_id) as context:
+        for animation in animations:
+            anim_var = await cg.get_variable(animation)
+            if loop is not None:
+                context.add(anim_var.set_loop(loop))
+            if (duration := config.get(CONF_DURATION)) is not None:
+                context.add(
+                    anim_var.set_duration(await lv_milliseconds.process(duration))
+                )
+            if (start_delay := config.get(CONF_START_DELAY)) is not None:
+                context.add(
+                    anim_var.set_start_delay(await lv_milliseconds.process(start_delay))
+                )
+            context.add(anim_var.start())
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, await context.get_lambda())
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_LVGL_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.animation.stop",
+    LvglAction,
+    cv.maybe_simple_value(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.ensure_list(cv.use_id(LvAnimation)),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LVGL_ID): cv.use_id(LvglComponent),
+        },
+        key=CONF_ID,
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def stop_animation(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    animations = config[CONF_ID]
+    async with LambdaContext(LVGL_COMP_ARG, where=action_id) as context:
+        for animation in animations:
+            anim_var = await cg.get_variable(animation)
+            context.add(anim_var.stop())
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, await context.get_lambda())
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_LVGL_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
index bf9a3d74ad..a62f466413 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@ from typing import Any
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import StatelessLambdaAction
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.display import validate_rotation
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ACTION, CONF_GROUP, CONF_ID, CONF_ROTATION, CONF_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTION,
+    CONF_GROUP,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_POSITION,
+    CONF_ROTATION,
+    CONF_TIMEOUT,
+)
 from esphome.core import Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArguments, get_variable
 from esphome.cpp_types import nullptr
@@ -16,6 +22,7 @@ from .defines import (
     CONF_BOTTOM_LAYER,
     CONF_EDITING,
     CONF_FREEZE,
+    CONF_LAYOUT,
     CONF_LVGL_ID,
     CONF_MAIN,
     CONF_OBJ,
@@ -28,13 +35,16 @@ from .defines import (
     get_focused_widgets,
     get_options,
     get_refreshed_widgets,
+    literal,
 )
-from .lv_validation import lv_bool, lv_milliseconds
+from .layout import layout_validator
+from .lv_validation import lv_bool, lv_milliseconds, lv_rotation
 from .lvcode import (
     LVGL_COMP_ARG,
     UPDATE_EVENT,
     LambdaContext,
     LocalVariable,
+    LvConditional,
     LvglComponent,
     ReturnStatement,
     add_line_marks,
@@ -199,7 +209,7 @@ async def lvgl_is_idle(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
 def _validate_rotation(value):
     # Note that we need rotation
     get_options()[CONF_ROTATION] = True
-    return validate_rotation(value)
+    return lv_rotation(value)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
@@ -218,7 +228,8 @@ def _validate_rotation(value):
 async def lvgl_set_rotation(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     lv_comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LVGL_ID])
     async with LambdaContext(args, where=action_id) as context:
-        lv_add(lv_comp.set_rotation(config[CONF_ROTATION]))
+        rotation = await lv_rotation.process(config[CONF_ROTATION])
+        lv_add(lv_comp.set_rotation(rotation))
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, await context.get_lambda())
 
 
@@ -254,6 +265,13 @@ layer_spec = WidgetType(CONF_OBJ, lv_obj_t, (CONF_MAIN, CONF_SCROLLBAR), is_mock
 DISP_PROPS = {str(x) for x in DISP_BG_SCHEMA.schema}
 
 
+def _layer_update_schema() -> cv.Schema:
+    """Schema for updating a display layer's styling and layout options."""
+    return part_schema(layer_spec.parts).extend(
+        {cv.Optional(CONF_LAYOUT): layout_validator}
+    )
+
+
 @automation.register_action(
     "lvgl.update",
     LvglAction,
@@ -262,8 +280,9 @@ DISP_PROPS = {str(x) for x in DISP_BG_SCHEMA.schema}
     .extend(DISP_BG_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TOP_LAYER): part_schema(layer_spec.parts),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_BOTTOM_LAYER): part_schema(layer_spec.parts),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_LAYOUT): layout_validator,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TOP_LAYER): _layer_update_schema(),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BOTTOM_LAYER): _layer_update_schema(),
         }
     ),
     synchronous=True,
@@ -272,7 +291,12 @@ async def lvgl_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widgets = await get_widgets(config, CONF_LVGL_ID)
     w = widgets[0]
     async with LambdaContext(LVGL_COMP_ARG, where=action_id) as context:
+        # Apply the top-level properties (styles and layout) to the active screen...
+        await set_obj_properties(get_screen_active(w.var), config)
+        # ...the deprecated flat `disp_*` background properties...
         await lvgl_update(w.var, config)
+        # ...and the `top_layer`/`bottom_layer` keys (styling and layout updates).
+        await layers_to_code(w.var, config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, await context.get_lambda())
     await cg.register_parented(var, w.var)
     return var
@@ -361,6 +385,48 @@ async def obj_show_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return await action_to_code(widgets, do_show, action_id, template_arg, args)
 
 
+SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.ensure_list(
+            cv.maybe_simple_value(
+                {cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_obj_t)},
+                key=CONF_ID,
+            )
+        ),
+        cv.Required(CONF_POSITION): cv.Any(
+            cv.one_of("TOP", "BOTTOM", "UP", "DOWN", upper=True), cv.int_
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.widget.set_z_index", ObjUpdateAction, SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+async def obj_set_z_index_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    position = config[CONF_POSITION]
+
+    async def do_set_z_index(widget: Widget):
+        if position == "TOP":
+            lv_obj.move_foreground(widget.obj)
+        elif position == "BOTTOM":
+            lv_obj.move_background(widget.obj)
+        elif position == "UP":
+            lv_obj.move_to_index(
+                widget.obj, literal(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} + 1")
+            )
+        elif position == "DOWN":
+            with LvConditional(literal(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} > 0")):
+                lv_obj.move_to_index(
+                    widget.obj, literal(f"{lv_expr.obj_get_index(widget.obj)} - 1")
+                )
+        else:
+            lv_obj.move_to_index(widget.obj, position)
+
+    widgets = [widget.outer or widget for widget in await get_widgets(config[CONF_ID])]
+    return await action_to_code(widgets, do_set_z_index, action_id, template_arg, args)
+
+
 def focused_id(value):
     value = cv.use_id(lv_pseudo_button_t)(value)
     get_focused_widgets().add(value)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
index d9be881a7f..81a4d2b4ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ KEY_NAMED_STYLES = "named_styles"
 KEY_REFRESHED_WIDGETS = "refreshed_widgets"
 KEY_REMAPPED_USES = "remapped_uses"
 KEY_STYLES_USED = "styles_used"
+KEY_THEME_UPDATE_REQUESTS = "theme_update_requests"
 KEY_THEME_WIDGET_MAP = "theme_widget_map"
 KEY_UPDATED_WIDGETS = "updated_widgets"
 KEY_WIDGET_MAP = "widget_map"
@@ -118,6 +119,14 @@ def get_theme_widget_map() -> dict[str, Any]:
     return _get_data(KEY_THEME_WIDGET_MAP, {})
 
 
+def get_theme_update_requests() -> dict[str, dict[tuple[str, str], None]]:
+    # Values are dicts used as ordered sets (insertion order is deterministic,
+    # unlike a plain `set` of strings/tuples, whose iteration order depends on
+    # per-process string hash randomization) so codegen output doesn't churn
+    # between builds of the same config.
+    return _get_data(KEY_THEME_UPDATE_REQUESTS, {})
+
+
 def get_styles_used() -> set[str]:
     return _get_data(KEY_STYLES_USED, set())
 
@@ -214,11 +223,14 @@ class LValidator:
     has `process()` to convert a value during code generation
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, validator, rtype: MockObj, retmapper=None, requires=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self, validator, rtype: MockObj, retmapper=None, requires=None, animatable=False
+    ):
         self.validator = validator
         self.rtype = rtype
         self.retmapper = retmapper
         self.requires = requires
+        self.animatable = animatable
 
     def __call__(self, value):
         if self.requires:
@@ -228,7 +240,10 @@ class LValidator:
         return self.validator(value)
 
     async def process(
-        self, value: Any, args: list[tuple[SafeExpType, str]] | None = None
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        args: list[tuple[SafeExpType, str]] | None = None,
+        raw_lambda: bool = False,
     ) -> Expression:
         if value is None:
             return None
@@ -236,11 +251,15 @@ class LValidator:
             # Local import to avoid circular import
             from .lvcode import get_lambda_context_args
 
-            args = args or get_lambda_context_args()
+            # `args is None` means "inherit the enclosing lambda context"; an explicit
+            # empty list means "no parameters" and must be preserved as-is.
+            if args is None:
+                args = get_lambda_context_args()
 
-            return call_lambda(
-                await cg.process_lambda(value, args, return_type=self.rtype)
-            )
+            lamb = await cg.process_lambda(value, args, return_type=self.rtype)
+            if raw_lambda:
+                return lamb
+            return call_lambda(lamb)
         if self.retmapper is not None:
             return self.retmapper(value)
         if isinstance(value, ID):
@@ -566,6 +585,21 @@ FLEX_FLOWS = LvConstant(
     "COLUMN_WRAP_REVERSE",
 )
 
+TRANSFORM_STYLE_PROPS = frozenset(
+    {"transform_rotation", "transform_scale", "transform_scale_x", "transform_scale_y"}
+)
+
+DROP_SHADOW_STYLE_PROPS = frozenset(
+    {
+        "drop_shadow_color",
+        "drop_shadow_offset_x",
+        "drop_shadow_offset_y",
+        "drop_shadow_opa",
+        "drop_shadow_quality",
+        "drop_shadow_radius",
+    }
+)
+
 OBJ_FLAGS = (
     "hidden",
     "clickable",
@@ -729,6 +763,7 @@ CONF_GRID_ROWS = "grid_rows"
 CONF_HEADER_BUTTONS = "header_buttons"
 CONF_HEADER_MODE = "header_mode"
 CONF_HOME = "home"
+CONF_IMAGE = "image"
 CONF_INDICATORS = "indicators"
 CONF_INITIAL_FOCUS = "initial_focus"
 CONF_SELECTED_DIGIT = "selected_digit"
@@ -742,15 +777,19 @@ CONF_LONG_PRESS_REPEAT_TIME = "long_press_repeat_time"
 CONF_LVGL_ID = "lvgl_id"
 CONF_LONG_MODE = "long_mode"
 CONF_MAJOR_TICKS_STYLE = "major_ticks_style"
+CONF_MAPPING = "mapping"
 CONF_MSGBOXES = "msgboxes"
 CONF_OBJ = "obj"
 CONF_ONE_CHECKED = "one_checked"
 CONF_ONE_LINE = "one_line"
 CONF_ON_DRAW_START = "on_draw_start"
 CONF_ON_DRAW_END = "on_draw_end"
+CONF_ON_LANDSCAPE = "on_landscape"
 CONF_ON_PAUSE = "on_pause"
+CONF_ON_PORTRAIT = "on_portrait"
 CONF_ON_RESUME = "on_resume"
 CONF_ON_SELECT = "on_select"
+CONF_ON_STOP = "on_stop"
 CONF_OPA = "opa"
 CONF_NEXT = "next"
 CONF_PAD_ROW = "pad_row"
@@ -758,12 +797,14 @@ CONF_PAD_COLUMN = "pad_column"
 CONF_PAGE = "page"
 CONF_PAGE_WRAP = "page_wrap"
 CONF_PASSWORD_MODE = "password_mode"
+CONF_PAUSED = "paused"
 CONF_PIVOT_X = "pivot_x"
 CONF_PIVOT_Y = "pivot_y"
 CONF_PLACEHOLDER_TEXT = "placeholder_text"
 CONF_POINTS = "points"
 CONF_PREVIOUS = "previous"
 CONF_RADIUS = "radius"
+CONF_REFRESH_INTERVAL = "refresh_interval"
 CONF_REPEAT_COUNT = "repeat_count"
 CONF_RECOLOR = "recolor"
 CONF_RESUME_ON_INPUT = "resume_on_input"
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/layout.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/layout.py
index 32304276d3..fd1f242d86 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/layout.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/layout.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from .defines import (
     TYPE_GRID,
     TYPE_NONE,
     LvConstant,
+    add_lv_use,
 )
 from .lv_validation import padding, size
 
@@ -401,6 +402,61 @@ LAYOUT_CLASSES = (
 LAYOUT_CHOICES = [x.get_type() for x in LAYOUT_CLASSES]
 
 
+# Layout properties that may be changed at runtime via an update action. These
+# are limited to simple style properties (set via ``lv_obj_set_style_...``).
+# Structural properties are deliberately excluded:
+#  - the layout ``type``, which determines which options are available to child
+#    widgets, and
+#  - the grid ``grid_rows``/``grid_columns`` descriptors, which define the cells
+#    that child widgets are placed into.
+# Both are fixed at widget creation.
+_GRID_LAYOUT_KEYS = (
+    CONF_GRID_COLUMN_ALIGN,
+    CONF_GRID_ROW_ALIGN,
+)
+_FLEX_LAYOUT_KEYS = (
+    CONF_FLEX_FLOW,
+    CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_MAIN,
+    CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_CROSS,
+    CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_TRACK,
+)
+
+LAYOUT_UPDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FLEX_FLOW): FLEX_FLOWS.one_of,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_MAIN): flex_alignments,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_CROSS): LV_FLEX_CROSS_ALIGNMENTS.one_of,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_TRACK): flex_alignments,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GRID_COLUMN_ALIGN): grid_alignments,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_GRID_ROW_ALIGN): grid_alignments,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PAD_ROW): padding,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PAD_COLUMN): padding,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def layout_validator(value):
+    """
+    Validate a ``layout:`` value for an update action. Only the layout options
+    may be changed (not the layout ``type``, which is fixed at widget creation).
+    :param value: The value of the ``layout:`` key
+    :return: The validated layout options dict
+    """
+    result = LAYOUT_UPDATE_SCHEMA(value)
+    if not result:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "A layout update must specify at least one layout option", [CONF_LAYOUT]
+        )
+    # Register the relevant layout feature so its LV_USE_* define is emitted even
+    # when the option is set solely via an update action (whose code generation
+    # may run after LVGL has finished collecting its used features).
+    if any(key in result for key in _GRID_LAYOUT_KEYS):
+        add_lv_use(TYPE_GRID)
+    if any(key in result for key in _FLEX_LAYOUT_KEYS):
+        add_lv_use(TYPE_FLEX)
+    return result
+
+
 def append_layout_schema(schema, config: dict):
     """
     Get the child layout schema for a given widget based on its layout type.
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lv_validation.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/lv_validation.py
index 27cbfff694..42352b9602 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lv_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lv_validation.py
@@ -22,9 +22,12 @@ from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import Expression, SafeExpType
 
+from ..mapping import INDEX_TYPES, get_mapping_metadata
 from . import types as ty
 from .defines import (
     CONF_END_VALUE,
+    CONF_IMAGE,
+    CONF_MAPPING,
     CONF_START_VALUE,
     CONF_TIME_FORMAT,
     LV_FONTS,
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ opacity = LValidator(
     opacity_validator,
     lv_opa_t,
     retmapper=lambda opa: StaticCastExpression(cg.uint8, opa * 255.0),
+    animatable=True,
 )
 
 COLOR_NAMES = {
@@ -223,35 +227,33 @@ def color(value):
     )
 
 
-def color_retmapper(value):
-    if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
-        return cv.returning_lambda(value)
+def get_component_colors(value):
     if isinstance(value, str) and value in COLOR_NAMES:
         value = COLOR_NAMES[value]
     if isinstance(value, int):
-        return literal(
-            f"lv_color_make({(value >> 16) & 0xFF}, {(value >> 8) & 0xFF}, {value & 0xFF})"
-        )
+        return value >> 16, value >> 8 & 0xFF, value & 0xFF
     if isinstance(value, ID):
         cval = [x for x in CORE.config[CONF_COLOR] if x[CONF_ID] == value][0]
         if CONF_HEX in cval:
             r, g, b = cval[CONF_HEX]
         else:
             r, g, b, _ = from_rgbw(cval)
-        return literal(f"lv_color_make({r}, {g}, {b})")
+        return r, g, b
     raise AssertionError(f"Unhandled lv_color value: {value!r}")
 
 
-def option_string(value):
-    value = cv.string(value).strip()
-    if value.find("\n") != -1:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Options strings must not contain newlines")
-    return value
+def color_retmapper(value):
+    if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
+        return cv.returning_lambda(value)
+    r, g, b = get_component_colors(value)
+    return literal(f"lv_color_make({r}, {g}, {b})")
 
 
 class LvColor(LValidator):
     def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(color, ty.lv_color_t, retmapper=color_retmapper)
+        super().__init__(
+            color, ty.lv_color_t, retmapper=color_retmapper, animatable=True
+        )
 
     def __getattr__(self, item):
         if item in COLOR_NAMES:
@@ -262,6 +264,13 @@ class LvColor(LValidator):
 lv_color = LvColor()
 
 
+def option_string(value):
+    value = cv.string(value).strip()
+    if value.find("\n") != -1:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Options strings must not contain newlines")
+    return value
+
+
 def pixels_or_percent_validator(value):
     """A length in one axis - either a number (pixels) or a percentage"""
     if value == SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
@@ -277,6 +286,7 @@ pixels_or_percent = LValidator(
     pixels_or_percent_validator,
     lv_coord_t,
     retmapper=lambda x: x if isinstance(x, int) else literal(f"lv_pct({int(x * 100)})"),
+    animatable=True,
 )
 
 
@@ -315,10 +325,23 @@ def angle(value):
 
 
 # Validator for angles in LVGL expressed in 1/10 degree units.
-lv_angle = LValidator(angle, uint32, retmapper=lambda x: int(x * 10))
+lv_angle = LValidator(angle, uint32, retmapper=lambda x: int(x * 10), animatable=True)
 
 # Validator for angles in LVGL expressed in whole degrees
-lv_angle_degrees = LValidator(angle, uint32, retmapper=int)
+lv_angle_degrees = LValidator(angle, uint32, retmapper=int, animatable=True)
+
+
+def rotation_degrees(value):
+    """Validate a display rotation, returning the angle in whole degrees.
+
+    Accepts the four supported rotations, optionally suffixed with "°".
+    """
+    value = cv.string(value).removesuffix("°")
+    return cv.one_of(0, 90, 180, 270, int=True)(value)
+
+
+# Validator for a display rotation expressed in whole degrees (templatable)
+lv_rotation = LValidator(rotation_degrees, cg.int_)
 
 
 @schema_extractor("one_of")
@@ -368,21 +391,57 @@ def stop_value(value):
     return cv.int_range(0, 255)(value)
 
 
-def image_validator(value):
-    value = cv.requires_component("image")(value)
+def _image_validator(value):
+    if isinstance(value, dict) and CONF_MAPPING in value:
+        from .schemas import MAPPING_IMAGE_SCHEMA
+
+        return MAPPING_IMAGE_SCHEMA(value)
     value = cv.use_id(Image_)(value)
     get_lv_images_used().add(value)
     add_lv_use("label")
     return value
 
 
-lv_image = LValidator(
-    image_validator,
-    image.Image_.operator("ptr"),
-    requires="image",
-)
+class ImageValidator(LValidator):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            validator=_image_validator,
+            rtype=image.Image_.operator("ptr"),
+            requires=CONF_IMAGE,
+        )
+
+    async def process(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        args: list[tuple[SafeExpType, str]] | None = None,
+        raw_lambda: bool = False,
+    ) -> Expression:
+        # Local import to avoid circular import at module level
+        from .lvcode import get_lambda_context_args
+
+        args = args or get_lambda_context_args()
+        if isinstance(value, dict) and CONF_MAPPING in value:
+            mapping_id = value[CONF_MAPPING]
+            mapping_var = await cg.get_variable(mapping_id)
+            metadata = get_mapping_metadata(mapping_id.id)
+            index = value[CONF_VALUE]
+            if isinstance(index, Lambda):
+                index = call_lambda(
+                    await cg.process_lambda(
+                        index, args, return_type=metadata.from_.data_type
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                index = await metadata.from_.convert_value(index)
+            return mapping_var.get(index)
+
+        return await super().process(value, args, raw_lambda)
+
+
+lv_image = ImageValidator()
+
 lv_image_list = LValidator(
-    cv.ensure_list(image_validator),
+    cv.ensure_list(_image_validator),
     cg.std_vector.template(image.Image_.operator("ptr")),
     requires="image",
 )
@@ -410,7 +469,10 @@ class TextValidator(LValidator):
         return super().__call__(value)
 
     async def process(
-        self, value: Any, args: list[tuple[SafeExpType, str]] | None = None
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        args: list[tuple[SafeExpType, str]] | None = None,
+        raw_lambda: bool = False,
     ) -> Expression:
         # Local import to avoid circular import at module level
         from .lvcode import get_lambda_context_args
@@ -430,6 +492,24 @@ class TextValidator(LValidator):
                         f"(std::isfinite({arg_expr}) ? {sprintf_str} : {nanval})"
                     )
                 return literal(sprintf_str)
+            if mapping_id := value.get(CONF_MAPPING):
+                mapping_var = await cg.get_variable(mapping_id)
+                metadata = get_mapping_metadata(mapping_id.id)
+                if metadata.to_ != INDEX_TYPES["string"]:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Mapping {mapping_id} does not map to strings, cannot use in text"
+                    )
+                index = value[CONF_VALUE]
+                if isinstance(index, Lambda):
+                    index = call_lambda(
+                        await cg.process_lambda(
+                            index, args, return_type=metadata.from_.data_type
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    index = await metadata.from_.convert_value(index)
+                return mapping_var.get(index).c_str()
+
             if time_format := value.get(CONF_TIME_FORMAT):
                 source = value[CONF_TIME]
                 if isinstance(source, Lambda):
@@ -455,13 +535,18 @@ class TextValidator(LValidator):
                 return value
             # Either a std::string or a lambda call returning that. We need const char*
             return MockObj(f"({value}).c_str()")
-        return await super().process(value, args)
+        return await super().process(value, args, raw_lambda)
 
 
 lv_text = TextValidator()
 lv_float = LValidator(cv.float_, cg.float_)
-lv_int = LValidator(cv.int_, cg.int_)
-lv_positive_int = LValidator(cv.positive_int, cg.int_)
+lv_positive_float = LValidator(cv.positive_float, cg.float_)
+lv_zero_to_one_float = LValidator(cv.zero_to_one_float, cg.float_)
+lv_int = LValidator(cv.int_, cg.int_, animatable=True)
+lv_positive_int = LValidator(cv.positive_int, cg.int_, animatable=True)
+lv_brightness = LValidator(
+    cv.percentage, cg.float_, retmapper=lambda x: int(x * 255), animatable=True
+)
 
 
 def _percentage_validator(value):
@@ -508,12 +593,17 @@ class LvFont(LValidator):
         # The inline overloads in lvgl_esphome.h handle conversion to lv_font_t*
         super().__init__(validator, Font.operator("ptr"))
 
-    async def process(self, value, args=()):
+    async def process(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        args: list[tuple[SafeExpType, str]] | None = None,
+        raw_lambda: bool = False,
+    ):
         if is_lv_font(value):
             return literal(f"&lv_font_{value}")
         if isinstance(value, str):
             return literal(f"{value}")
-        return await super().process(value, args)
+        return await super().process(value, args, raw_lambda)
 
 
 lv_font = LvFont()
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py
index de00593773..850b63a26f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvcode.py
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class LocalVariable(MockObj):
                     self.base.type, self.modifier, self.base.id
                 )
             )
-        return MockObj(self.base)
+        return MockObj(self.base, "->" if self.modifier == "*" else ".")
 
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         CodeContext.end_block()
@@ -283,7 +283,15 @@ class MockLv:
 
 class LvConditional:
     def __init__(self, condition):
-        self.condition = condition
+        # Condition is embedded directly into a raw `if (...)` statement below, rather than
+        # going through the argument-list machinery (ExpressionList) that would otherwise
+        # convert a native Python value (e.g. a plain bool) to a proper Expression.
+        if isinstance(condition, str):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "LvConditional condition must not be a raw str; wrap it in literal() "
+                "if a string literal condition is really intended"
+            )
+        self.condition = cg.safe_exp(condition) if condition is not None else None
 
     def __enter__(self):
         if self.condition is not None:
@@ -303,6 +311,35 @@ class LvConditional:
         CodeContext.code_context.indent()
 
 
+class LvCountdown:
+    """
+    Emits a C++ `for` loop that counts an int variable down from `count - 1` to `0` inclusive.
+    Used to iterate over a widget's children in reverse, e.g. to fire a trigger once per child
+    before they're all removed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, var_name: str, count):
+        self.var_name = var_name
+        self.count = count
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        # Cast explicitly rather than relying on `count`'s (typically unsigned) type to wrap
+        # and then narrow back to a negative int when count is 0 -- true in practice on every
+        # toolchain ESPHome targets, but not worth leaning on.
+        CodeContext.append(
+            RawStatement(
+                f"for (int {self.var_name} = (int) ({self.count}) - 1; {self.var_name} >= 0; "
+                f"{self.var_name}--) {{"
+            )
+        )
+        CodeContext.code_context.indent()
+        return literal(self.var_name)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        CodeContext.code_context.detent()
+        CodeContext.append(RawStatement("}"))
+
+
 class ReturnStatement(ExpressionStatement):
     def __str__(self):
         return f"return {self.expression};"
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index 12bf6d9f37..a10fdb0582 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -91,11 +91,24 @@ void LvglComponent::set_rotation(display::DisplayRotation rotation) {
   this->rotation_ = rotation;
   if (this->is_ready()) {
     this->set_resolution_();
+    this->update_orientation_();
     lv_obj_update_layout(this->get_screen_active());
     lv_obj_invalidate(this->get_screen_active());
   }
 }
 
+void LvglComponent::set_rotation(int angle) {
+  // Normalize to [0, 360). The DisplayRotation enum values are the angles in degrees.
+  angle %= 360;
+  if (angle < 0)
+    angle += 360;
+  if (angle % 90 != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid rotation angle %d; must be a multiple of 90 degrees.", angle);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->set_rotation(static_cast<display::DisplayRotation>(angle));
+}
+
 void LvglComponent::rotate_coordinates(int32_t &x, int32_t &y) const {
   switch (this->rotation_) {
     default:
@@ -195,21 +208,21 @@ void LvglComponent::esphome_lvgl_init() {
   lv_update_event = static_cast<lv_event_code_t>(lv_event_register_id());
 }
 
-void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event) {
-  lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, callback, event, nullptr);
+void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event, void *user_data) {
+  lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, callback, event, user_data);
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1,
-                                 lv_event_code_t event2) {
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1);
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2);
+                                 lv_event_code_t event2, void *user_data) {
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1, user_data);
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2, user_data);
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1,
-                                 lv_event_code_t event2, lv_event_code_t event3) {
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1);
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2);
-  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event3);
+                                 lv_event_code_t event2, lv_event_code_t event3, void *user_data) {
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1, user_data);
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2, user_data);
+  add_event_cb(obj, callback, event3, user_data);
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::add_page(LvPageType *page) {
@@ -401,7 +414,10 @@ void LvglComponent::draw_buffer_(const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_data *ptr) {
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::flush_cb_(lv_display_t *disp_drv, const lv_area_t *area, uint8_t *color_p) {
-  if (!this->is_paused()) {
+  // no guard here for display busy, since LVGL will not call flush_cb until the refresh timer fires,
+  // and while the display is busy this is reset to 5 minutes. If that expires and the display is still
+  // busy there are bigger problems.
+  if (!this->paused_) {
     auto now = millis();
     this->draw_buffer_(area, reinterpret_cast<lv_color_data *>(color_p));
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "flush_cb, area=%d/%d, %d/%d took %dms", (int) area->x1, (int) area->y1,
@@ -428,7 +444,7 @@ LVTouchListener::LVTouchListener(uint16_t long_press_time, uint16_t long_press_r
   lv_indev_set_type(this->drv_, LV_INDEV_TYPE_POINTER);
   lv_indev_set_disp(this->drv_, parent->get_disp());
   lv_indev_set_long_press_time(this->drv_, long_press_time);
-  // long press repeat time TBD
+  lv_indev_set_long_press_repeat_time(this->drv_, long_press_repeat_time);
   lv_indev_set_user_data(this->drv_, this);
   lv_indev_set_read_cb(this->drv_, [](lv_indev_t *d, lv_indev_data_t *data) {
     auto *l = static_cast<LVTouchListener *>(lv_indev_get_user_data(d));
@@ -509,6 +525,52 @@ void IndicatorLine::update_length_() {
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_TABLE
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_row(lv_obj_t *obj) {
+  uint32_t row;
+  uint32_t column;
+  lv_table_get_selected_cell(obj, &row, &column);
+  return row;
+}
+
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_column(lv_obj_t *obj) {
+  uint32_t row;
+  uint32_t column;
+  lv_table_get_selected_cell(obj, &row, &column);
+  return column;
+}
+
+void LvTableType::set_obj(lv_obj_t *lv_obj) {
+  LvCompound::set_obj(lv_obj);
+  lv_obj_add_event_cb(
+      lv_obj,
+      [](lv_event_t *e) {
+        auto *table = static_cast<LvTableType *>(lv_event_get_user_data(e));
+        table->update_column_widths_();
+      },
+      LV_EVENT_SIZE_CHANGED, this);
+}
+
+void LvTableType::add_column_width_pct(uint32_t col, uint8_t pct) {
+  for (auto &i : this->column_pct_) {
+    if (i.col == col) {
+      i.pct = pct;
+      this->update_column_widths_();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  this->column_pct_.push_back({col, pct});
+  this->update_column_widths_();
+}
+
+void LvTableType::update_column_widths_() {
+  auto content_width = lv_obj_get_content_width(this->obj);
+  for (const auto &col : this->column_pct_) {
+    lv_table_set_column_width(this->obj, col.col, content_width * col.pct / 100);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_TABLE
+
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_KEY_LISTENER
 LVEncoderListener::LVEncoderListener(lv_indev_type_t type, uint16_t long_press_time, uint16_t long_press_repeat_time) {
   this->drv_ = lv_indev_create();
@@ -535,21 +597,21 @@ std::string LvSelectable::get_selected_text() {
   return this->options_[selected];
 }
 
-static std::string join_string(std::vector<std::string> options) {
+static std::string join_string(const FixedVector<const char *> &options) {
   return std::accumulate(
       options.begin(), options.end(), std::string(),
-      [](const std::string &a, const std::string &b) -> std::string { return a + (!a.empty() ? "\n" : "") + b; });
+      [](const std::string &a, const char *b) -> std::string { return a + (!a.empty() ? "\n" : "") + b; });
 }
 
 void LvSelectable::set_selected_text(const std::string &text, lv_anim_enable_t anim) {
-  auto index = std::find(this->options_.begin(), this->options_.end(), text);
+  auto *index = std::find(this->options_.begin(), this->options_.end(), text);
   if (index != this->options_.end()) {
     this->set_selected_index(index - this->options_.begin(), anim);
     lv_obj_send_event(this->obj, lv_update_event, nullptr);
   }
 }
 
-void LvSelectable::set_options(std::vector<std::string> options) {
+void LvSelectable::set_options(FixedVector<const char *> options) {
   auto index = this->get_selected_index();
   if (index >= options.size())
     index = options.size() - 1;
@@ -620,20 +682,20 @@ void LvKeyboardType::set_obj(lv_obj_t *lv_obj) {
 void LvglComponent::draw_end_() {
   if (this->draw_end_callback_ != nullptr)
     this->draw_end_callback_->trigger();
+  // Only reachable once the display is idle again: while busy, the display's refr_timer_ is
+  // paused (see loop()), so LVGL never renders/flushes and this event never fires.
   if (this->update_when_display_idle_) {
     for (auto *disp : this->displays_)
       disp->update();
   }
 }
 
-bool LvglComponent::is_paused() const {
-  if (this->paused_)
-    return true;
-  if (this->update_when_display_idle_) {
-    for (auto *disp : this->displays_) {
-      if (!disp->is_idle())
-        return true;
-    }
+bool LvglComponent::displays_busy_() const {
+  if (!this->update_when_display_idle_)
+    return false;
+  for (auto *disp : this->displays_) {
+    if (!disp->is_idle())
+      return true;
   }
   return false;
 }
@@ -716,6 +778,18 @@ void LvglComponent::set_resolution_() const {
   }
   lv_display_set_resolution(this->disp_, width, height);
 }
+
+void LvglComponent::update_orientation_() {
+  // A square display is treated as landscape.
+  auto orientation = this->get_width() >= this->get_height() ? Orientation::LANDSCAPE : Orientation::PORTRAIT;
+  if (orientation == this->orientation_)
+    return;
+  this->orientation_ = orientation;
+  auto *trigger = orientation == Orientation::LANDSCAPE ? this->landscape_callback_ : this->portrait_callback_;
+  if (trigger != nullptr)
+    trigger->trigger();
+}
+
 void LvglComponent::setup() {
   auto *display = this->displays_[0];
   auto rounding = this->draw_rounding;
@@ -754,7 +828,7 @@ void LvglComponent::setup() {
   lv_display_add_event_cb(this->disp_, rounder_cb, LV_EVENT_INVALIDATE_AREA, this);
   lv_display_set_buffers(this->disp_, this->draw_buf_, nullptr, buf_bytes,
                          this->full_refresh_ ? LV_DISPLAY_RENDER_MODE_FULL : LV_DISPLAY_RENDER_MODE_PARTIAL);
-  if (this->rotation_type_ == RotationType::ROTATION_SOFTWARE) {
+  if (this->rotation_type_ == ROTATION_SOFTWARE) {
     this->rotate_buf_ = static_cast<lv_color_t *>(lv_alloc_draw_buf(buf_bytes, false));  // NOLINT
     if (this->rotate_buf_ == nullptr) {
       this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Memory allocation failure"));
@@ -777,6 +851,8 @@ void LvglComponent::setup() {
   if (this->draw_end_callback_ != nullptr || this->update_when_display_idle_) {
     lv_display_add_event_cb(this->disp_, render_end_cb, LV_EVENT_REFR_READY, this);
   }
+  this->refr_timer_ = lv_display_get_refr_timer(this->disp_);
+  lv_timer_set_period(this->refr_timer_, this->refr_timer_period_);
 #if LV_USE_LOG
   lv_log_register_print_cb([](lv_log_level_t level, const char *buf) {
     auto next = strchr(buf, ')');
@@ -791,6 +867,7 @@ void LvglComponent::setup() {
 #endif
   this->show_page(0, LV_SCREEN_LOAD_ANIM_NONE, 0);
   lv_display_trigger_activity(this->disp_);
+  this->update_orientation_();
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::update() {
@@ -802,21 +879,32 @@ void LvglComponent::update() {
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::loop() {
-  if (this->is_paused()) {
-    if (this->paused_ && this->show_snow_)
+  if (this->paused_) {
+    if (this->show_snow_)
       this->write_random_();
-  } else {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    auto now = millis();
-    lv_timer_handler();
-    auto elapsed = millis() - now;
-    if (elapsed > 15) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "lv_timer_handler took %dms", (int) (millis() - now));
-    }
-#else
-    lv_timer_handler();
-#endif
+    return;
   }
+  // Pause/resume the display's own refresh timer to track its busy state. While paused, LVGL
+  // still keeps track of invalidated areas but won't render or flush them, so nothing needs to
+  // be discarded or replayed: once resumed, the accumulated areas are simply drawn as normal.
+  // Input events and other timers keep being processed below regardless of this state.
+  if (this->update_when_display_idle_) {
+    bool busy = this->displays_busy_();
+    if (busy && !this->refr_timer_paused_) {
+      this->refr_timer_paused_ = true;
+      // calling lv_timer_pause() here would be ineffective; LVGL pauses and resumes the timer based on its own internal
+      // state, which is not aware of the display's busy state. Instead, we extend the timer period to avoid it firing
+      // while the display is busy.
+      lv_timer_set_period(this->refr_timer_, 5 * 60 * 1000);
+    } else if (!busy && this->refr_timer_paused_) {
+      this->refr_timer_paused_ = false;
+      lv_timer_set_period(this->refr_timer_, this->refr_timer_period_);
+      // Don't wait for the timer's next natural period: refresh right away now that the
+      // display is idle again.
+      lv_timer_ready(this->refr_timer_);
+    }
+  }
+  lv_timer_handler();
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_ANIMIMG
@@ -921,6 +1009,25 @@ lv_obj_t *lv_container_create(lv_obj_t *parent) {
   lv_obj_class_init_obj(obj);
   return obj;
 }
+
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_LIST
+int lv_list_get_row_index(lv_obj_t *list, lv_obj_t *child) {
+  for (lv_obj_t *obj = child; obj != nullptr; obj = lv_obj_get_parent(obj)) {
+    if (lv_obj_get_parent(obj) == list)
+      return lv_obj_get_index(obj);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "lvgl.list: entry is not inside the list it was added to");
+  return -1;
+}
+
+lv_obj_t *lv_list_get_row_for_remove(lv_obj_t *list, int index) {
+  lv_obj_t *child = index < 0 ? nullptr : lv_obj_get_child(list, index);
+  if (child == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "lvgl.list.remove: index %d is out of range, ignoring", index);
+  }
+  return child;
+}
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_LIST
 }  // namespace esphome::lvgl
 
 lv_result_t lv_mem_test_core() { return LV_RESULT_OK; }
@@ -929,7 +1036,7 @@ void lv_mem_init() {}
 
 void lv_mem_deinit() {}
 
-#if defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ESP8266)
+#if defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ESP8266)
 void *lv_malloc_core(size_t size) {
   auto *ptr = malloc(size);  // NOLINT
   if (ptr == nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
index 8840b0ad30..8b7397c4cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ lv_obj_t *lv_container_create(lv_obj_t *parent);
 void lv_scale_draw_event_cb(lv_event_t *e, int16_t range_start, int16_t range_end, lv_color_t color_start,
                             lv_color_t color_end, int width, bool local);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_TABLE
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_row(lv_obj_t *obj);
+uint32_t lv_table_get_selected_column(lv_obj_t *obj);
+#endif
 #if LV_COLOR_DEPTH == 16
 static const display::ColorBitness LV_BITNESS = display::ColorBitness::COLOR_BITNESS_565;
 #elif LV_COLOR_DEPTH == 32
@@ -116,6 +120,18 @@ inline void lv_animimg_set_src(lv_obj_t *img, std::vector<image::Image *> images
 int16_t lv_get_needle_angle_for_value(lv_obj_t *obj, int32_t value);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_LIST
+// Returns the index, within `list`, of the entry that contains `child`: `child` itself if it's a
+// direct child of `list`, or the ancestor of `child` that is, when `child` is nested inside a
+// widget hierarchy added via `lvgl.list.add`. Returns -1 if `child` isn't inside `list` at all.
+int lv_list_get_row_index(lv_obj_t *list, lv_obj_t *child);
+
+// Returns the entry at `index` within `list`, or nullptr (logging why) if `index` is out of
+// range -- shared by every `lvgl.list.remove` call site, since a templatable index can go out of
+// range at runtime in ways config validation can't catch (e.g. driven by a sensor value).
+lv_obj_t *lv_list_get_row_for_remove(lv_obj_t *list, int index);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_GRADIENT
 /**
  *
@@ -135,6 +151,12 @@ class LvCompound {
   lv_obj_t *obj{};
 };
 
+// Frees a heap-allocated LvCompound wrapper on LV_EVENT_DELETE, since lv_obj_del() only knows how to destroy LVGL's own
+// object tree, not a separate C++ object paired with one of its nodes.
+template<typename T> void delete_lv_compound_on_delete(lv_event_t *e) {
+  delete static_cast<T *>(lv_event_get_user_data(e));
+}
+
 class LvglComponent;
 
 class LvPageType : public Parented<LvglComponent> {
@@ -185,6 +207,12 @@ enum RotationType : uint8_t {
   ROTATION_HARDWARE,
 };
 
+enum class Orientation : uint8_t {
+  UNKNOWN,
+  LANDSCAPE,
+  PORTRAIT,
+};
+
 class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
   constexpr static const char *const TAG = "lvgl";
 
@@ -214,9 +242,14 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
   // @param paused If true, pause the display. If false, resume the display.
   // @param show_snow If true, show the snow effect when paused.
   void set_paused(bool paused, bool show_snow);
+  void set_refresh_interval(uint32_t period) {
+    this->refr_timer_period_ = period;
+    if (this->refr_timer_ != nullptr)
+      lv_timer_set_period(this->refr_timer_, period);
+  }
 
-  // Returns true if the display is explicitly paused, or a blocking display update is in progress.
-  bool is_paused() const;
+  // Returns true if the display has been explicitly paused via set_paused().
+  bool is_paused() const { return this->paused_; }
   // If the display is paused and we have resume_on_input_ set to true, resume the display.
   void maybe_wakeup() {
     if (this->paused_ && this->resume_on_input_) {
@@ -230,10 +263,11 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
   static void esphome_lvgl_init();
 
   //  Convenience overloads for adding a callback for one or more events
-  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event);
-  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1, lv_event_code_t event2);
+  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event, void *user_data = nullptr);
   static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1, lv_event_code_t event2,
-                           lv_event_code_t event3);
+                           void *user_data = nullptr);
+  static void add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1, lv_event_code_t event2,
+                           lv_event_code_t event3, void *user_data = nullptr);
 
   // change the state of a widget and fire an event if changed (only needed for CHECKED)
 
@@ -286,7 +320,11 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
   void set_resume_trigger(Trigger<> *trigger) { this->resume_callback_ = trigger; }
   void set_draw_start_trigger(Trigger<> *trigger) { this->draw_start_callback_ = trigger; }
   void set_draw_end_trigger(Trigger<> *trigger) { this->draw_end_callback_ = trigger; }
+  void set_landscape_trigger(Trigger<> *trigger) { this->landscape_callback_ = trigger; }
+  void set_portrait_trigger(Trigger<> *trigger) { this->portrait_callback_ = trigger; }
   void set_rotation(display::DisplayRotation rotation);
+  /// Set the rotation from an angle in degrees. Must be a multiple of 90.
+  void set_rotation(int angle);
   display::DisplayRotation get_rotation() const { return this->rotation_; }
   void rotate_coordinates(int32_t &x, int32_t &y) const;
 
@@ -295,10 +333,16 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
 
  protected:
   void set_resolution_() const;
+  // Determine the current orientation from the effective resolution and fire the
+  // landscape/portrait trigger if it has changed since the last check.
+  void update_orientation_();
   void draw_end_();
   // Not checking for non-null callback since the
   // LVGL callback that calls it is not set in that case
   void draw_start_() const { this->draw_start_callback_->trigger(); }
+  // Returns true if update_when_display_idle is enabled and at least one underlying display
+  // component is currently busy (e.g. mid-refresh).
+  bool displays_busy_() const;
 
   void write_random_();
   void draw_buffer_(const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_data *ptr);
@@ -316,6 +360,14 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
 
   uint8_t *draw_buf_{};
   lv_display_t *disp_{};
+  // The display's own periodic refresh timer, effectively paused while the display is busy (see
+  // displays_busy_()) so LVGL neither renders nor flushes to it, without losing track of
+  // invalidated areas. Other timers (indev reading, animations, ...) keep running as normal.
+  lv_timer_t *refr_timer_{};
+  // Tracks whether refr_timer_ is currently paused, so loop() can detect the busy -> idle edge
+  // and kick off an immediate refresh instead of waiting for the timer's next natural period.
+  bool refr_timer_paused_{};
+  uint32_t refr_timer_period_{16};
   uint16_t width_{};
   uint16_t height_{};
   bool paused_{};
@@ -331,6 +383,9 @@ class LvglComponent final : public PollingComponent {
   Trigger<> *resume_callback_{};
   Trigger<> *draw_start_callback_{};
   Trigger<> *draw_end_callback_{};
+  Trigger<> *landscape_callback_{};
+  Trigger<> *portrait_callback_{};
+  Orientation orientation_{Orientation::UNKNOWN};
   void *rotate_buf_{};
   display::DisplayRotation rotation_{display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES};
   RotationType rotation_type_;
@@ -460,6 +515,27 @@ class LvLineType : public LvCompound {
   FixedVector<lv_point_precise_t> points_{};
 };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_LVGL_TABLE
+// Unlike most size properties, lv_table_set_column_width() only accepts a literal pixel
+// count, so percentage column widths must be recomputed by hand whenever the table's own
+// content width changes.
+class LvTableType : public LvCompound {
+ public:
+  void set_obj(lv_obj_t *lv_obj) override;
+  // count is the number of percentage-width columns, known at code-generation time.
+  void init_column_pct(size_t count) { this->column_pct_.init(count); }
+  void add_column_width_pct(uint32_t col, uint8_t pct);
+
+ protected:
+  void update_column_widths_();
+
+  struct ColumnPct {
+    uint32_t col;
+    uint8_t pct;
+  };
+  FixedVector<ColumnPct> column_pct_{};
+};
+#endif  // USE_LVGL_TABLE
 #if defined(USE_LVGL_DROPDOWN) || defined(LV_USE_ROLLER)
 class LvSelectable : public LvCompound {
  public:
@@ -467,12 +543,12 @@ class LvSelectable : public LvCompound {
   virtual void set_selected_index(size_t index, lv_anim_enable_t anim) = 0;
   void set_selected_text(const std::string &text, lv_anim_enable_t anim);
   std::string get_selected_text();
-  const std::vector<std::string> &get_options() { return this->options_; }
-  void set_options(std::vector<std::string> options);
+  const FixedVector<const char *> &get_options() { return this->options_; }
+  void set_options(FixedVector<const char *> options);
 
  protected:
   virtual void set_option_string(const char *options) = 0;
-  std::vector<std::string> options_{};
+  FixedVector<const char *> options_{};
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_DROPDOWN
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py
index d7df628907..bbc977dca5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import functools
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
 from esphome.automation import Trigger, validate_automation
+from esphome.components.mapping import mapping_class
 from esphome.components.time import RealTimeClock
 from esphome.config_validation import prepend_path
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ARGS,
+    CONF_DEFAULT,
     CONF_FORMAT,
     CONF_GROUP,
     CONF_ID,
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TEXT,
     CONF_TIME,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+    CONF_VALUE,
     CONF_X,
     CONF_Y,
 )
@@ -31,6 +35,7 @@ from esphome.schema_extractors import (
 from . import defines as df, lv_validation as lvalid
 from .defines import (
     CONF_EXT_CLICK_AREA,
+    CONF_MAPPING,
     CONF_SCROLL_DIR,
     CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_X,
     CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_Y,
@@ -52,6 +57,7 @@ from .layout import (
     GRID_CELL_SCHEMA,
     append_layout_schema,
     grid_alignments,
+    layout_validator,
 )
 from .lv_validation import lv_color, lv_font, lv_gradient, lv_image, opacity
 from .lvcode import UPDATE_EVENT, LvglComponent, lv_event_t_ptr
@@ -65,7 +71,7 @@ from .types import (
     lv_pseudo_button_t,
     lv_style_t,
 )
-from .widgets import WidgetType
+from .widgets import WidgetType, collect_parts
 
 # this will be populated later, in __init__.py to avoid circular imports.
 WIDGET_TYPES: dict = {}
@@ -89,6 +95,20 @@ PRINTF_TEXT_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_printf,
 )
 
+MAPPING_TEXT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_MAPPING): cv.use_id(mapping_class),
+        cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.string),
+    }
+)
+
+MAPPING_IMAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_MAPPING): cv.use_id(mapping_class),
+        cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.string),
+    }
+)
+
 
 def _validate_text(value):
     """
@@ -100,6 +120,8 @@ def _validate_text(value):
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         if CONF_TIME_FORMAT in value:
             return TIME_TEXT_SCHEMA(value)
+        if CONF_MAPPING in value:
+            return MAPPING_TEXT_SCHEMA(value)
         return PRINTF_TEXT_SCHEMA(value)
 
     return cv.templatable(cv.string)(value)
@@ -504,6 +526,7 @@ def base_update_schema(widget_type: WidgetType | LvType, parts):
                 )
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_STATE): SET_STATE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(df.CONF_LAYOUT): layout_validator,
         }
     )
 
@@ -570,6 +593,96 @@ def obj_schema(widget_type: WidgetType) -> cv.Schema:
     return schema
 
 
+@functools.cache
+def _build_theme_schema(
+    widget_types: tuple[tuple[str, WidgetType], ...],
+    include_dark_mode: bool = True,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    # The theme schema is value-independent: it depends only on the set of
+    # registered widget types. Key the cache on a snapshot of WIDGET_TYPES so
+    # that an external component registering a new widget after the first
+    # validation (legal per any_widget_schema's lazy-evaluation contract)
+    # produces a fresh tuple, a cache miss, and a rebuilt schema -- the cache
+    # self-heals instead of stale-rejecting valid themes. See obj_dict() above
+    # for why chained .extend() is avoided here.
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {
+            **(
+                {cv.Optional(df.CONF_DARK_MODE, default=False): cv.boolean}
+                if include_dark_mode
+                else {}
+            ),
+            **{
+                cv.Optional(name): cv.Schema(
+                    {**obj_dict(w), **FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA.schema}
+                )
+                for name, w in widget_types
+            },
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def _reject_theme_styles_key(validated: dict) -> dict:
+    """
+    `styles:` (a list of already-declared named styles) is not allowed inside
+    `theme:` -- the hidden style objects theme: creates only carry direct
+    style properties, so a `styles:` reference there would be silently
+    dropped by `style_set`, which only walks `ALL_STYLES`.
+    """
+    for w_name, style in validated.items():
+        if w_name not in WIDGET_TYPES:
+            continue
+        for part, states in collect_parts(style).items():
+            for state, props in states.items():
+                if df.CONF_STYLES not in props:
+                    continue
+                path = [w_name]
+                if part != df.CONF_MAIN:
+                    path.append(part)
+                if state != CONF_DEFAULT:
+                    path.append(state)
+                path.append(df.CONF_STYLES)
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    "'styles:' is not allowed in LVGL theme styles. "
+                    "Set style properties directly instead.",
+                    path,
+                )
+    return validated
+
+
+def theme_schema(value: dict) -> dict:
+    return _reject_theme_styles_key(
+        _build_theme_schema(tuple(WIDGET_TYPES.items()))(value)
+    )
+
+
+def theme_update_schema(value: dict) -> dict:
+    """
+    Schema for `lvgl.theme.update`: same shape as `theme:` minus `dark_mode`.
+    As a validation side effect, records which (widget type, part, state)
+    combos are targeted so `theme_to_code` can make sure a hidden style
+    exists for each -- even ones never mentioned under `theme:` -- and gets
+    it attached to widgets at the same point real theme styles are.
+    """
+    validated = _reject_theme_styles_key(
+        _build_theme_schema(tuple(WIDGET_TYPES.items()), include_dark_mode=False)(value)
+    )
+    for w_name, style in validated.items():
+        for part, states in collect_parts(style).items():
+            for state, props in states.items():
+                # collect_parts() unconditionally seeds a main/default entry
+                # even when nothing was set for it (e.g. `{pressed: {...}}`
+                # alone) -- skip combos with no properties so a request for
+                # one state doesn't also create an unused, empty main/default
+                # style that gets attached to every widget of this type.
+                if not props:
+                    continue
+                df.get_theme_update_requests().setdefault(w_name, {})[(part, state)] = (
+                    None
+                )
+    return validated
+
+
 ALIGN_TO_SCHEMA = {
     cv.Optional(df.CONF_ALIGN_TO): cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -613,6 +726,26 @@ ALL_STYLES = {
 }
 
 
+def apply_style_driven_defines(props: set[str]) -> None:
+    """Given a set of style-property names in use, registers everything their use
+    drives: add_lv_use(image) if any of them is image-typed (per BASE_PROPS), and
+    the LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP / LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8 defines. Shared between
+    __init__.py (driven by df.get_styles_used(), for statically-declared widgets)
+    and lv_list.py's _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses (driven by scanning a
+    dynamically-added widget's own config), so a future style-driven define added
+    to one can't be missed in the other.
+    """
+    # Local import: avoids a module-load-time cycle (widgets.img -> ... -> schemas).
+    from .widgets.img import CONF_IMAGE
+
+    if any(BASE_PROPS.get(prop) is lvalid.lv_image for prop in props):
+        df.add_lv_use(CONF_IMAGE)
+    if df.TRANSFORM_STYLE_PROPS & props:
+        df.add_define("LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP", "1")
+    if df.DROP_SHADOW_STYLE_PROPS & props:
+        df.add_define("LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8", "1")
+
+
 def strip_defaults(schema: cv.Schema):
     """
     Take a schema and remove any default values, also convert Required to Optional.
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h
index e36357328c..dafdd91eb5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h
@@ -50,19 +50,10 @@ class LVGLSelect final : public select::Select, public Component {
  protected:
   void control(size_t index) override {
     this->widget_->set_selected_index(index, this->anim_);
-    this->publish();
-  }
-  void set_options_() {
-    // Widget uses std::vector<std::string>, SelectTraits uses FixedVector<const char*>
-    // Convert by extracting c_str() pointers
-    const auto &opts = this->widget_->get_options();
-    FixedVector<const char *> opt_ptrs;
-    opt_ptrs.init(opts.size());
-    for (const auto &opt : opts) {
-      opt_ptrs.push_back(opt.c_str());
-    }
-    this->traits.set_options(opt_ptrs);
+    // The update event fires the widget's on_value/on_update triggers
+    lv_obj_send_event(this->widget_->obj, lv_update_event, nullptr);
   }
+  void set_options_() { this->traits.set_options(this->widget_->get_options()); }
 
   LvSelectable *widget_;
   lv_anim_enable_t anim_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
index 5911505555..ad42028327 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
@@ -10,11 +10,18 @@ from .defines import (
     LValidator,
     add_lv_use,
     get_styles_used,
+    get_theme_update_requests,
     get_theme_widget_map,
     literal,
 )
 from .lvcode import LambdaContext, lv
-from .schemas import ALL_STYLES, FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA, WIDGET_TYPES, remap_property
+from .schemas import (
+    ALL_STYLES,
+    FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA,
+    WIDGET_TYPES,
+    remap_property,
+    theme_update_schema,
+)
 from .types import ObjUpdateAction, lv_style_t
 from .widgets import collect_parts, wait_for_widgets
 
@@ -86,23 +93,91 @@ async def style_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     style = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     async with LambdaContext(parameters=args, where=action_id) as context:
         await style_set(style, config)
+        # Refresh and redraw every widget using this style -- otherwise the
+        # updated properties would sit unused until something else happens to
+        # invalidate the affected widgets.
+        lv.obj_report_style_change(style)
 
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, await context.get_lambda())
 
 
 async def theme_to_code(config):
-    if theme := config.get(CONF_THEME):
-        add_lv_use(CONF_THEME)
-        for w_name, style in ((k, v) for k, v in theme.items() if k in WIDGET_TYPES):
-            # Work around Python 3.10 bug with nested async comprehensions
-            # With Python 3.11 this could be simplified
-            # TODO: Now that we require Python 3.11+, this can be updated to use nested comprehensions
-            styles = {}
-            for part, states in collect_parts(style).items():
-                styles[part] = {
-                    state: await create_style(
+    theme = config.get(CONF_THEME) or {}
+    requests = get_theme_update_requests()
+    # Iterate in WIDGET_TYPES' (deterministic, registration-order) sequence rather
+    # than a set -- a set of strings/tuples iterates in an order that depends on
+    # per-process hash randomization, which would otherwise churn the order hidden
+    # style variables are declared in main.cpp between builds of the same config.
+    widget_names = [
+        w_name for w_name in WIDGET_TYPES if w_name in theme or w_name in requests
+    ]
+    if not widget_names:
+        return
+    add_lv_use(CONF_THEME)
+    theme_map = get_theme_widget_map()
+    for w_name in widget_names:
+        declared_parts = collect_parts(theme[w_name]) if w_name in theme else {}
+        parts = {part: dict(states) for part, states in declared_parts.items()}
+        for part, state in requests.get(w_name, {}):
+            parts.setdefault(part, {}).setdefault(state, {})
+        widget_styles = theme_map.setdefault(w_name, {})
+        for part, states in parts.items():
+            part_styles = widget_styles.setdefault(part, {})
+            declared_states = declared_parts.get(part, {})
+            for state, props in states.items():
+                if state not in part_styles:
+                    part_styles[state] = await create_style(
                         "_lv_theme_style_" + w_name + "_" + part + "_" + state, props
                     )
-                    for state, props in states.items()
-                }
-            get_theme_widget_map()[w_name] = styles
+                elif state in declared_states:
+                    # A `theme.update` request for this combo (possibly from
+                    # another LVGL instance) already created the style as an
+                    # empty placeholder before this instance's real `theme:`
+                    # declaration was reached -- apply the real values now
+                    # instead of silently leaving it empty.
+                    await style_set(part_styles[state], props)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.theme.update",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    theme_update_schema,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def theme_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    await wait_for_widgets()
+    theme_map = get_theme_widget_map()
+    # Invariant this relies on: theme_update_schema() records every (widget
+    # type, part, state) combo this action targets as a request during config
+    # validation (which completes for the whole config tree before any
+    # to_code runs), and theme_to_code() -- which runs for every LVGL
+    # instance before any action's own to_code -- materialises a style for
+    # each recorded request. If that handshake is ever broken by a future
+    # change, fail with a diagnosable message rather than a bare KeyError.
+    to_update = []
+    for w_name, style in config.items():
+        for part, states in collect_parts(style).items():
+            for state, props in states.items():
+                # collect_parts() unconditionally seeds an (empty) main/default
+                # entry even when this action didn't target it -- skip it, both
+                # because there's nothing to update and because
+                # theme_update_schema no longer pre-creates a placeholder style
+                # for combos with no properties.
+                if not props:
+                    continue
+                style_var = theme_map.get(w_name, {}).get(part, {}).get(state)
+                if style_var is None:
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        f"No theme style exists for '{w_name}' {part}/{state}. "
+                        "This is an internal error -- please report it."
+                    )
+                to_update.append((style_var, props))
+    async with LambdaContext(parameters=args, where=action_id) as context:
+        for style_var, props in to_update:
+            await style_set(style_var, props)
+            # Refresh and redraw every widget using this style -- otherwise the
+            # updated properties would sit unused until something else happens
+            # to invalidate the affected widgets.
+            lv.obj_report_style_change(style_var)
+
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, await context.get_lambda())
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py
index 5f524969e2..56dcf81a79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/trigger.py
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ async def generate_triggers():
     all_triggers = (
         LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS + LV_DISPLAY_EVENT_TRIGGERS + LV_SCREEN_EVENT_TRIGGERS
     )
-    for w in get_widget_map().values():
+    # Snapshot: building a trigger below can recurse into widget creation (e.g. a
+    # buttonmatrix's or tabview's to_code registers its own child widgets), which
+    # would otherwise mutate this dict mid-iteration.
+    for w in list(get_widget_map().values()):
         config = w.config
         if isinstance(w.type, LvScrActType):
             w = get_screen_active(w.var)
@@ -141,7 +144,21 @@ def _get_event_literal(trigger: str | MockObj) -> MockObj:
     return literal("LV_EVENT_" + TRIGGER_MAP[trigger.upper()])
 
 
-async def add_trigger(conf, w, *events: str | MockObj, is_selected=None):
+async def add_trigger(
+    conf, w, *events: str | MockObj, is_selected=None, attach_obj=None, user_data=None
+):
+    """
+    :param attach_obj: The object to actually register the callback on, if different
+        from `w.obj` - used when `w.obj` isn't valid at the point the callback gets
+        registered (e.g. a local variable that's only in scope inside the very
+        block this is called from, not from within the callback body itself; see
+        widgets/lv_list.py's dynamic widget creation). Defaults to `w.obj`.
+    :param user_data: Opaque pointer passed through to the registered event callback,
+        retrievable inside it via `lv_event_get_user_data(event)` - used to recover a
+        compound widget's C++ wrapper, which a captureless callback has no other way
+        to reach when it isn't a global variable (see widgets/lv_list.py). Defaults to
+        `nullptr`.
+    """
     is_selected = is_selected or w.is_selected()
     tid = conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID]
     trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(tid)
@@ -158,12 +175,14 @@ async def add_trigger(conf, w, *events: str | MockObj, is_selected=None):
             lv_add(trigger.trigger(*value, literal("event")))
     callback = await context.get_lambda()
     event_literals = [_get_event_literal(event) for event in events]
+    attach_obj = w.obj if attach_obj is None else attach_obj
+    user_data = nullptr if user_data is None else user_data
     if str(events[0]) in DISPLAY_TRIGGERS:
         assert len(events) == 1
         lv.display_add_event_cb(
-            lv_expr.obj_get_display(w.obj), callback, event_literals[0], nullptr
+            lv_expr.obj_get_display(attach_obj), callback, event_literals[0], user_data
         )
     else:
         lv_add(
-            lvgl_static.add_event_cb(w.obj, await context.get_lambda(), *event_literals)
+            lvgl_static.add_event_cb(attach_obj, callback, *event_literals, user_data)
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
index 509d5cc782..cc8d9438a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_TEXT, CONF_VALUE
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component, esphome_ns
 
+from .defines import CONF_SELECTED_INDEX
+
 
 class LvType(cg.MockObjClass):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ lv_obj_t = LvType("lv_obj_t")
 lv_page_t = LvType("LvPageType", parents=(LvCompound,))
 lv_image_t = LvType("lv_image_t")
 lv_gradient_t = LvType("lv_grad_dsc_t")
+LvAnimation = lvgl_ns.class_("LvAnimation", cg.Component)
 lv_event_t = LvType("lv_event_t")
 RotationType = lvgl_ns.enum("RotationType")
 lv_point_t = cg.global_ns.struct("lv_point_t")
@@ -111,3 +114,4 @@ class LvSelect(LvType):
             parents=parens,
             **kwargs,
         )
+        self.value_property = CONF_SELECTED_INDEX
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py
index 4d62c3de05..c9099e3c3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py
@@ -36,11 +36,10 @@ from ..defines import (
     CONF_SCALE,
     CONF_STYLES,
     CONF_WIDGETS,
+    LOGGER,
     OBJ_FLAGS,
     PARTS,
     STATES,
-    TYPE_FLEX,
-    TYPE_GRID,
     LValidator,
     add_lv_use,
     call_lambda,
@@ -191,18 +190,7 @@ class WidgetType:
             await self.on_create(var, config)
 
         w = Widget.create(wid, var, self, config)
-        if theme := get_theme_widget_map().get(self.name):
-            for part, states in theme.items():
-                part = "LV_PART_" + part.upper()
-                for state, style in states.items():
-                    state = "LV_STATE_" + state.upper()
-                    if state == "LV_STATE_DEFAULT":
-                        lv_state = literal(part)
-                    elif part == "LV_PART_MAIN":
-                        lv_state = literal(state)
-                    else:
-                        lv_state = join_enums((state, part))
-                    w.add_style(style, lv_state)
+        apply_theme_styles(w)
         await set_obj_properties(w, config)
         await add_widgets(w, config)
         await self.to_code(w, config)
@@ -231,7 +219,7 @@ class WidgetType:
         :param config: Its configuration
         """
 
-    def get_uses(self):
+    def get_uses(self) -> tuple:
         """
         Get a list of other widgets used by this one
         :return:
@@ -268,6 +256,21 @@ class WidgetType:
         """
 
 
+def apply_theme_styles(w: "Widget") -> None:
+    """Apply the current theme's styles for this widget's type"""
+    for part, states in get_theme_widget_map().get(w.type.name, {}).items():
+        part = "LV_PART_" + part.upper()
+        for state, style in states.items():
+            state = "LV_STATE_" + state.upper()
+            if state == "LV_STATE_DEFAULT":
+                lv_state = literal(part)
+            elif part == "LV_PART_MAIN":
+                lv_state = literal(state)
+            else:
+                lv_state = join_enums((state, part))
+            w.add_style(style, lv_state)
+
+
 class Widget:
     """
     Represents a Widget.
@@ -541,44 +544,76 @@ def _size_to_str(value):
     return str(value)
 
 
+def _grid_descriptor_array(name: str, specs) -> MockObj:
+    """Generate a file-scope ``static const`` grid row/column descriptor array
+    and return a reference to it."""
+    values = ",".join(_size_to_str(x) for x in specs)
+    initializer = "{" + values + ", LV_GRID_TEMPLATE_LAST}"
+    arr_id = ID(name, is_declaration=True, type=lv_coord_t)
+    return cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.RawExpression(initializer))
+
+
+def _set_layout_options(w: Widget, layout: dict, base_name: str | None) -> None:
+    """Apply the layout options present in ``layout`` to ``w``.
+
+    Only options actually present are applied, so this works both for widget
+    creation (where every option is supplied) and for update actions (where the
+    layout ``type`` and grid structure are fixed and only the style options are
+    changed). ``base_name`` names the generated grid descriptor arrays and is
+    only required at creation, when ``grid_rows``/``grid_columns`` are present.
+    """
+    if (pad_row := layout.get(CONF_PAD_ROW)) is not None:
+        w.set_style(CONF_PAD_ROW, pad_row)
+    if (pad_column := layout.get(CONF_PAD_COLUMN)) is not None:
+        w.set_style(CONF_PAD_COLUMN, pad_column)
+    if (rows := layout.get(CONF_GRID_ROWS)) is not None:
+        w.set_style(
+            "grid_row_dsc_array", _grid_descriptor_array(f"{base_name}_row_dsc", rows)
+        )
+    if (columns := layout.get(CONF_GRID_COLUMNS)) is not None:
+        w.set_style(
+            "grid_column_dsc_array",
+            _grid_descriptor_array(f"{base_name}_column_dsc", columns),
+        )
+    if (align := layout.get(CONF_GRID_COLUMN_ALIGN)) is not None:
+        w.set_style(CONF_GRID_COLUMN_ALIGN, literal(align))
+    if (align := layout.get(CONF_GRID_ROW_ALIGN)) is not None:
+        w.set_style(CONF_GRID_ROW_ALIGN, literal(align))
+    if (flow := layout.get(CONF_FLEX_FLOW)) is not None:
+        lv_obj.set_flex_flow(w.obj, literal(flow))
+    if (main := layout.get(CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_MAIN)) is not None:
+        w.set_style("flex_main_place", literal(main))
+    if (cross := layout.get(CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_CROSS)) is not None:
+        # Stretch is implemented at creation time by sizing the children; at
+        # runtime we can only fall back to centering.
+        if cross == "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_STRETCH":
+            LOGGER.warning(
+                "Flex cross alignment 'stretch' is not supported at runtime; using 'center' instead"
+            )
+            cross = "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_CENTER"
+        w.set_style("flex_cross_place", literal(cross))
+    if (track := layout.get(CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_TRACK)) is not None:
+        w.set_style("flex_track_place", literal(track))
+
+
 async def set_obj_properties(w: Widget, config):
     """Generate a list of C++ statements to apply properties to an lv_obj_t"""
 
     from ..schemas import ALL_STYLES, OBJ_PROPERTIES, remap_property
 
     if layout := config.get(CONF_LAYOUT):
-        layout_type: str = layout[CONF_TYPE]
-        add_lv_use(layout_type)
-        lv_obj.set_layout(w.obj, literal(f"LV_LAYOUT_{layout_type.upper()}"))
-        if (pad_row := layout.get(CONF_PAD_ROW)) is not None:
-            w.set_style(CONF_PAD_ROW, pad_row)
-        if (pad_column := layout.get(CONF_PAD_COLUMN)) is not None:
-            w.set_style(CONF_PAD_COLUMN, pad_column)
-        if layout_type == TYPE_GRID:
-            wid = config[CONF_ID]
-            rows = [_size_to_str(x) for x in layout[CONF_GRID_ROWS]]
-            rows = "{" + ",".join(rows) + ", LV_GRID_TEMPLATE_LAST}"
-            row_id = ID(f"{wid}_row_dsc", is_declaration=True, type=lv_coord_t)
-            row_array = cg.static_const_array(row_id, cg.RawExpression(rows))
-            w.set_style("grid_row_dsc_array", row_array)
-            columns = [_size_to_str(x) for x in layout[CONF_GRID_COLUMNS]]
-            columns = "{" + ",".join(columns) + ", LV_GRID_TEMPLATE_LAST}"
-            column_id = ID(f"{wid}_column_dsc", is_declaration=True, type=lv_coord_t)
-            column_array = cg.static_const_array(column_id, cg.RawExpression(columns))
-            w.set_style("grid_column_dsc_array", column_array)
-            w.set_style(
-                CONF_GRID_COLUMN_ALIGN, literal(layout.get(CONF_GRID_COLUMN_ALIGN))
-            )
-            w.set_style(CONF_GRID_ROW_ALIGN, literal(layout.get(CONF_GRID_ROW_ALIGN)))
-        if layout_type == TYPE_FLEX:
-            lv_obj.set_flex_flow(w.obj, literal(layout[CONF_FLEX_FLOW]))
-            main = literal(layout[CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_MAIN])
-            cross = layout[CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_CROSS]
-            if cross == "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_STRETCH":
-                cross = "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_CENTER"
-            cross = literal(cross)
-            track = literal(layout[CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_TRACK])
-            lv_obj.set_flex_align(w.obj, main, cross, track)
+        # The layout `type` (and the grid row/column structure) is only present
+        # when a widget is created; update actions only change the layout style
+        # options, leaving the type and grid structure unchanged.
+        layout_type = layout.get(CONF_TYPE)
+        if layout_type is not None:
+            add_lv_use(layout_type)
+            lv_obj.set_layout(w.obj, literal(f"LV_LAYOUT_{layout_type.upper()}"))
+            # The widget's own id gives the grid descriptor arrays stable names.
+            base_name = str(config[CONF_ID])
+        else:
+            base_name = None
+        _set_layout_options(w, layout, base_name)
     parts = collect_parts(config)
     for part, states in parts.items():
         part = "LV_PART_" + part.upper()
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/img.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/img.py
index 8a046fea33..da81ab7737 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/img.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/img.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from esphome.components.image import INSTANCE_TYPE as IMAGE_TYPE
+from esphome.components.mapping import get_mapping_metadata
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ANGLE,
@@ -9,7 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
 
 from ..defines import (
     CONF_ANTIALIAS,
+    CONF_IMAGE,
     CONF_MAIN,
+    CONF_MAPPING,
     CONF_PIVOT_X,
     CONF_PIVOT_Y,
     CONF_SCALE,
@@ -21,8 +25,6 @@ from ..types import lv_image_t
 from . import Widget, WidgetType
 from .label import CONF_LABEL
 
-CONF_IMAGE = "image"
-
 BASE_IMG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Optional(CONF_PIVOT_X): size,
@@ -69,5 +71,16 @@ class ImgType(WidgetType):
         for prop, validator in BASE_IMG_SCHEMA.schema.items():
             await w.set_property(prop, config, processor=validator)
 
+    def final_validate(self, widget, update_config, widget_config, path):
+        src = update_config.get(CONF_SRC)
+        if isinstance(src, dict) and CONF_MAPPING in src:
+            mapping_id = src[CONF_MAPPING]
+            metadata = get_mapping_metadata(mapping_id.id)
+            if str(metadata.to_.data_type) != str(IMAGE_TYPE):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Mapping '{mapping_id}' does not map to an image type, but '{metadata.to_.data_type}'",
+                    path=path + [CONF_SRC, CONF_MAPPING],
+                )
+
 
 img_spec = ImgType()
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py
index 5ac92f2717..54c9819d2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/label.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_LABEL
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TEXT
 
@@ -14,8 +15,6 @@ from ..schemas import TEXT_SCHEMA
 from ..types import LvText
 from . import Widget, WidgetType
 
-CONF_LABEL = "label"
-
 
 class LabelType(WidgetType):
     def __init__(self):
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/lv_list.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/lv_list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83cbfb5ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/lv_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BUTTON,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INDEX,
+    CONF_ON_BOOT,
+    CONF_ON_UPDATE,
+    CONF_ON_VALUE,
+    CONF_TEXT,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.coroutine import FakeAwaitable
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+
+from ..automation import action_to_code
+from ..defines import (
+    CONF_ALIGN_TO,
+    CONF_MAIN,
+    CONF_PAD_ROW,
+    CONF_SCROLLBAR,
+    CONF_WIDGETS,
+    LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS,
+    SWIPE_TRIGGERS,
+    TYPE_FLEX,
+    add_lv_use,
+    literal,
+)
+from ..lv_validation import lv_int, lv_text, padding
+from ..lvcode import (
+    UPDATE_EVENT,
+    LocalVariable,
+    LvConditional,
+    LvCountdown,
+    lv,
+    lv_add,
+    lv_expr,
+    lv_obj,
+)
+from ..schemas import (
+    ALL_STYLES,
+    WIDGET_TYPES,
+    any_widget_schema,
+    apply_style_driven_defines,
+    container_schema_value,
+    remap_property,
+)
+from ..trigger import add_trigger
+from ..types import LV_EVENT, LvType, ObjUpdateAction, lv_obj_t
+from . import (
+    Widget,
+    WidgetType,
+    apply_theme_styles,
+    collect_parts,
+    get_widgets,
+    set_obj_properties,
+)
+from .buttonmatrix import CONF_BUTTONMATRIX
+from .canvas import CONF_CANVAS
+from .label import CONF_LABEL
+from .meter import CONF_METER
+from .tabview import CONF_TABVIEW
+from .tileview import CONF_TILEVIEW
+
+CONF_LIST = "list"
+CONF_WIDGET = "widget"
+CONF_ON_ADD = "on_add"
+CONF_ON_REMOVE = "on_remove"
+
+DOMAIN = "lvgl_list"
+
+lv_list_t = LvType("lv_list_t")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListTriggers:
+    on_add: list = field(default_factory=list)
+    on_remove: list = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _get_list_triggers(list_id) -> ListTriggers:
+    """
+    Trigger Pvariables built for a given list's `on_add`/`on_remove` config, indexed by the
+    list's own ID.
+    """
+    triggers_by_list = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})
+    return triggers_by_list.setdefault(list_id, ListTriggers())
+
+
+def _get_pending_list_triggers(list_id) -> ListTriggers:
+    """
+    Same shape as _get_list_triggers(), but holding raw on_add/on_remove automation
+    configs, not yet built.
+    """
+    pending_by_list = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN + "_pending", {})
+    return pending_by_list.setdefault(list_id, ListTriggers())
+
+
+def _list_triggers_completed_flag() -> list[bool]:
+    return CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN + "_completed", [False])
+
+
+def _list_triggers_completed_generator() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    while True:
+        if _list_triggers_completed_flag()[0]:
+            return
+        yield
+
+
+async def _wait_list_triggers_completed() -> None:
+    """Waits until finish_list_triggers() has built every list's on_add/on_remove automations."""
+    if _list_triggers_completed_flag()[0]:
+        return
+    await FakeAwaitable(_list_triggers_completed_generator())
+
+
+async def finish_list_triggers() -> None:
+    """
+    Builds every list's on_add/on_remove automations, collected by ListType.to_code()
+    instead of being built there directly. Must run after set_widgets_completed(True).
+    """
+    for list_id, pending in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN + "_pending", {}).items():
+        triggers = _get_list_triggers(list_id)
+        for conf in pending.on_add:
+            trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
+            await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.int_, "list_index")], conf)
+            triggers.on_add.append(trigger)
+        for conf in pending.on_remove:
+            trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
+            await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.int_, "list_index")], conf)
+            triggers.on_remove.append(trigger)
+    _list_triggers_completed_flag()[0] = True
+
+
+def _fire_index_triggers(triggers: list, index) -> None:
+    for trigger in triggers:
+        lv_add(trigger.trigger(index))
+
+
+async def _fire_on_add(list_id, list_obj, entry_obj) -> None:
+    await _wait_list_triggers_completed()
+    triggers = _get_list_triggers(list_id).on_add
+    if not triggers:
+        return
+    index = cg.RawExpression(f"lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index({list_obj}, {entry_obj})")
+    _fire_index_triggers(triggers, index)
+
+
+async def _fire_on_remove(list_id, index) -> None:
+    await _wait_list_triggers_completed()
+    _fire_index_triggers(_get_list_triggers(list_id).on_remove, index)
+
+
+LIST_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PAD_ROW): padding,
+    }
+)
+
+LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA = LIST_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ADD): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    automation.Trigger.template(cg.int_)
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_REMOVE): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    automation.Trigger.template(cg.int_)
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+class ListType(WidgetType):
+    """A plain wrapper around LVGL's native `lv_list`"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            CONF_LIST,
+            lv_list_t,
+            (CONF_MAIN, CONF_SCROLLBAR),
+            LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA,
+            modify_schema=LIST_SCHEMA,
+        )
+
+    def get_uses(self):
+        return TYPE_FLEX, CONF_LABEL, CONF_BUTTON
+
+    async def to_code(self, w: Widget, config: dict):
+        on_add = config.get(CONF_ON_ADD, ())
+        on_remove = config.get(CONF_ON_REMOVE, ())
+        if not on_add and not on_remove:
+            return
+        pending = _get_pending_list_triggers(w.config[CONF_ID])
+        pending.on_add.extend(on_add)
+        pending.on_remove.extend(on_remove)
+
+
+list_spec = ListType()
+
+LIST_ID_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_list_t)})
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.add_text",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    LIST_ID_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_TEXT): lv_text,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_add_text_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_add_text(w: Widget):
+        text = await lv_text.process(config[CONF_TEXT])
+        with LocalVariable(
+            "list_entry", lv_obj_t, lv_expr.list_add_text(w.obj, text)
+        ) as entry:
+            if (idx := config.get(CONF_INDEX)) is not None:
+                lv.obj_move_to_index(entry, await lv_int.process(idx))
+            await _fire_on_add(config[CONF_ID], w.obj, entry)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_add_text, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
+
+
+_DYNAMIC_WIDGET_UNSUPPORTED = (
+    CONF_BUTTONMATRIX,
+    CONF_TABVIEW,
+    CONF_TILEVIEW,
+    CONF_METER,
+    CONF_CANVAS,
+)
+
+
+def _check_dynamic_widget_supported(w_type_name: str, w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    # Each of these allocates a Pvariable, or registers children into the global widget
+    # map, once at boot - rebuilding them on every lvgl.list.add call would break that.
+    if w_type_name in _DYNAMIC_WIDGET_UNSUPPORTED:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{w_type_name}' cannot be used with lvgl.list.add - it manages its own "
+            "child widgets in a way that isn't compatible with widgets created at runtime"
+        )
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _check_dynamic_widget_supported(child_type, child_conf)
+
+
+_UNSUPPORTED_DYNAMIC_KEYS = SWIPE_TRIGGERS + (CONF_ON_BOOT, CONF_ALIGN_TO)
+
+
+def _check_no_unsupported_triggers(w_type_name: str, w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    # These triggers currently aren't supporte for dynamic widgets
+    for key in _UNSUPPORTED_DYNAMIC_KEYS:
+        if key in w_conf:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{key}' is not supported on a widget added via lvgl.list.add - it "
+                "would validate but generate nothing, since it's only wired for "
+                "widgets that exist at boot",
+                path=[w_type_name, key],
+            )
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _check_no_unsupported_triggers(child_type, child_conf)
+
+
+def _check_no_explicit_widget_id(raw_value: dict) -> None:
+    for w_type_name, w_conf in raw_value.items():
+        if not isinstance(w_conf, dict):
+            continue
+        if CONF_ID in w_conf:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "'id' is not allowed on a widget added via lvgl.list.add - it is "
+                "rebuilt fresh on every call and never registered anywhere it "
+                "could be looked up by",
+                path=[w_type_name, CONF_ID],
+            )
+        for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+            if isinstance(child, dict):
+                _check_no_explicit_widget_id(child)
+
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def list_add_schema(value: Any) -> Any:
+    # A plain cv.Schema can't express "id, an optional index, plus exactly one arbitrary
+    # widget-type key", since the set of widget types isn't fixed until validation time.
+    if value is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return LIST_ID_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
+                **{
+                    cv.Optional(name): container_schema_value(widget_type)
+                    for name, widget_type in WIDGET_TYPES.items()
+                },
+            }
+        )
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid("Expected a mapping")
+    value = value.copy()
+    if CONF_ID not in value:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"required key '{CONF_ID}' not provided")
+    with cv.prepend_path([CONF_ID]):
+        list_id = cv.use_id(lv_list_t)(value.pop(CONF_ID))
+    result = {CONF_ID: list_id}
+    if CONF_INDEX in value:
+        with cv.prepend_path([CONF_INDEX]):
+            result[CONF_INDEX] = cv.templatable(cv.int_)(value.pop(CONF_INDEX))
+    if len(value) != 1:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "lvgl.list.add takes exactly one widget definition, e.g. 'label:' or 'button:', alongside 'id' and optional 'index'"
+        )
+    _check_no_explicit_widget_id(value)
+    result[CONF_WIDGET] = any_widget_schema()(value)
+    [(w_type_name, w_conf)] = result[CONF_WIDGET][0].items()
+    _check_dynamic_widget_supported(w_type_name, w_conf)
+    _check_no_unsupported_triggers(w_type_name, w_conf)
+    return result
+
+
+def _register_lv_uses(w_type_name: str, w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    # Must run before this coroutine's first await.
+    widget_type = WIDGET_TYPES[w_type_name]
+    add_lv_use(w_type_name)
+    add_lv_use(*widget_type.get_uses())
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _register_lv_uses(child_type, child_conf)
+
+
+def _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses(w_conf: dict) -> None:
+    props = {
+        remap_property(prop)
+        for part_states in collect_parts(w_conf).values()
+        for state_props in part_states.values()
+        for prop in state_props
+        if prop in ALL_STYLES
+    }
+    apply_style_driven_defines(props)
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(_, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses(child_conf)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.add",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    list_add_schema,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_add_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    [(w_type_name, w_conf)] = config[CONF_WIDGET][0].items()
+    _register_lv_uses(w_type_name, w_conf)
+    _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses(w_conf)
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_add(w: Widget):
+        index = None
+        if (idx := config.get(CONF_INDEX)) is not None:
+            index = await lv_int.process(idx)
+        await _build_dynamic_widget(
+            w_type_name,
+            w_conf,
+            w.obj,
+            config[CONF_ID],
+            w.obj,
+            top_level=True,
+            index=index,
+        )
+
+    return await action_to_code(widgets, do_add, action_id, template_arg, args, config)
+
+
+async def _build_dynamic_widget(
+    w_type_name: str,
+    w_conf: dict,
+    parent,
+    list_id,
+    list_obj,
+    top_level: bool = False,
+    index=None,
+    depth: int = 0,
+) -> None:
+    # Builds one widget (recursively, with children and triggers) as a LocalVariable
+    # instead of a global Pvariable. Compound
+    # widgets are heap-allocated and freed via LV_EVENT_DELETE.
+    # `depth` suffixes the local variable's name below the row's top level.
+    widget_type = WIDGET_TYPES[w_type_name]
+    var_name = f"dyn_{w_type_name}" if depth == 0 else f"dyn_{w_type_name}_{depth}"
+    add_lv_use(w_type_name)
+    add_lv_use(*widget_type.get_uses())
+
+    async def finish_and_fire(w: Widget) -> None:
+        # Shared tail for both branches below - must run while var's LocalVariable
+        # block (opened by whichever branch calls this) is still open
+        await _finish_dynamic_widget(w, w_conf, list_id, list_obj, depth)
+        if top_level:
+            if index is not None:
+                lv.obj_move_to_index(w.obj, index)
+            await _fire_on_add(list_id, list_obj, w.obj)
+
+    if widget_type.is_compound():
+        with LocalVariable(
+            var_name, widget_type.w_type, widget_type.w_type.new()
+        ) as var:
+            creator = await widget_type.obj_creator(parent, w_conf)
+            lv_add(var.set_obj(creator))
+            w = Widget(var, widget_type, w_conf)
+            lv_obj.add_event_cb(
+                w.obj,
+                literal(f"lvgl::delete_lv_compound_on_delete<{widget_type.w_type}>"),
+                literal("LV_EVENT_DELETE"),
+                var,
+            )
+            await finish_and_fire(w)
+    else:
+        creator = await widget_type.obj_creator(parent, w_conf)
+        with LocalVariable(var_name, lv_obj_t, creator) as var:
+            w = Widget(var, widget_type, w_conf)
+            await finish_and_fire(w)
+
+
+async def _finish_dynamic_widget(
+    w: Widget, w_conf: dict, list_id, list_obj, depth: int = 0
+) -> None:
+    await w.type.on_create(w.obj, w_conf)
+    apply_theme_styles(w)
+    await set_obj_properties(w, w_conf)
+    await w.type.to_code(w, w_conf)
+    await _wire_dynamic_triggers(w, w_conf)
+    for child in w_conf.get(CONF_WIDGETS, ()):
+        [(child_type, child_conf)] = child.items()
+        await _build_dynamic_widget(
+            child_type, child_conf, w.obj, list_id, list_obj, depth=depth + 1
+        )
+
+
+async def _wire_dynamic_triggers(w: Widget, config: dict) -> None:
+    # Mirrors generate_triggers(), but runs immediately
+    if w.type.is_compound():
+        event_var = MockObj(
+            f"static_cast<{w.type.w_type} *>(lv_event_get_user_data(event))", "->"
+        )
+        user_data = w.var
+    else:
+        event_var = literal("static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(event))")
+        user_data = None
+    event_target = Widget(event_var, w.type, config)
+    for event, conf in {
+        event: conf for event, conf in config.items() if event in LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS
+    }.items():
+        w.add_flag("LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE")
+        await add_trigger(
+            conf[0], event_target, event, attach_obj=w.obj, user_data=user_data
+        )
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, ()):
+        await add_trigger(
+            conf,
+            event_target,
+            LV_EVENT.VALUE_CHANGED,
+            UPDATE_EVENT,
+            attach_obj=w.obj,
+            user_data=user_data,
+        )
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_UPDATE, ()):
+        await add_trigger(
+            conf, event_target, UPDATE_EVENT, attach_obj=w.obj, user_data=user_data
+        )
+
+
+LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA = LIST_ID_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        # positive_int, not int_: a negative index would silently delete the *last*
+        # row (lv_obj_get_child() counts back from the end) while reporting that
+        # same bogus value to on_remove's list_index.
+        cv.Required(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.positive_int),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.remove",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_remove_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_remove(w: Widget):
+        index = await lv_int.process(config[CONF_INDEX])
+        # Materialised into a local since index is needed at two call sites below, and
+        # a lambda's body gets re-emitted (and re-run) at every point it's used.
+        with (
+            LocalVariable("list_index", cg.int_, index, modifier="") as idx,
+            # Out-of-range lookup/log lives in a shared C++ helper, not inline here:
+            # a config can have many lvgl.list.remove call sites.
+            LocalVariable(
+                "list_child",
+                lv_obj_t,
+                cg.RawExpression(f"lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove({w.obj}, {idx})"),
+            ) as child,
+            LvConditional(child),
+        ):
+            await _fire_on_remove(config[CONF_ID], idx)
+            # Recursively destroys the whole subtree
+            lv.obj_del(child)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_remove, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.list.clear",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    LIST_ID_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def list_clear_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_clear(w: Widget):
+        await _wait_list_triggers_completed()
+        triggers = _get_list_triggers(config[CONF_ID]).on_remove
+        if triggers:
+            # Fire on_remove for every entry, newest to oldest, before wiping them all out,
+            # so on_remove's semantics ("an entry left the list") hold
+            with LvCountdown("list_index", lv_expr.obj_get_child_count(w.obj)) as index:
+                _fire_index_triggers(triggers, index)
+        # lv_obj_clean recursively destroys every child's whole subtree
+        lv.obj_clean(w.obj)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_clear, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/table.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efae2be2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ROWS
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ITEMS, CONF_ROW, CONF_TEXT, CONF_WIDTH
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT
+from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType, SafeExpType
+
+from ..automation import action_to_code
+from ..defines import CONF_COLUMN, CONF_MAIN, LValidator, literal
+from ..lv_validation import lv_int, lv_text, pixels_or_percent, pixels_validator
+from ..lvcode import LocalVariable, lv, lv_add, lv_expr
+from ..types import LvCompound, LvType, ObjUpdateAction, lv_coord_t
+from . import Widget, WidgetType, get_widgets
+from .label import CONF_LABEL
+
+CONF_TABLE = "table"
+CONF_CELLS = "cells"
+CONF_COLUMNS = "columns"
+CONF_ROW_COUNT = "row_count"
+CONF_COLUMN_COUNT = "column_count"
+CONF_MERGE_RIGHT = "merge_right"
+CONF_TEXT_CROP = "text_crop"
+CONF_SELECTED_ROW = "selected_row"
+CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN = "selected_column"
+
+CELL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT, default=""): lv_text,
+        # Not templatable: the value selects between two different LVGL calls
+        # (set/clear cell ctrl), so a runtime lambda can't be mapped to a single call.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MERGE_RIGHT): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT_CROP): cv.boolean,
+    }
+)
+
+# A cell can be given as a bare piece of text, or a dict for more control
+TABLE_CELL_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(CELL_SCHEMA, key=CONF_TEXT)
+
+# A row can be given as a bare list of cells, or a dict for future extension
+ROW_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
+    cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_CELLS): cv.ensure_list(TABLE_CELL_SCHEMA)}),
+    key=CONF_CELLS,
+)
+
+
+def _column_width_validator(value: ConfigFragmentType) -> int | float | list[str]:
+    """Like pixels_or_percent, but rejects negative widths, which would
+    defeat the 100%-total check and wrap around in the generated uint8_t pct."""
+    if value == SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return ["pixels", "..%"]
+    return cv.Any(pixels_validator, cv.percentage)(value)
+
+
+column_width = LValidator(
+    _column_width_validator,
+    lv_coord_t,
+    retmapper=pixels_or_percent.retmapper,
+    animatable=True,
+)
+
+COLUMN_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WIDTH): column_width,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _validate_table(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    rows = config.get(CONF_ROWS)
+    min_row_count = len(rows) if rows else 0
+    min_column_count = max(len(row[CONF_CELLS]) for row in rows) if rows else 0
+    row_count = config.get(CONF_ROW_COUNT)
+    if row_count is not None and row_count < min_row_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_ROW_COUNT} must be at least {min_row_count} to hold all the given rows",
+            path=[CONF_ROW_COUNT],
+        )
+    column_count = config.get(CONF_COLUMN_COUNT)
+    if column_count is not None and column_count < min_column_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_COLUMN_COUNT} must be at least {min_column_count} to hold all the cells in a row",
+            path=[CONF_COLUMN_COUNT],
+        )
+    column_count = column_count if column_count is not None else min_column_count
+    columns = config.get(CONF_COLUMNS)
+    if columns and column_count and len(columns) > column_count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_COLUMNS} defines {len(columns)} columns, but the table has only {column_count}",
+            path=[CONF_COLUMNS],
+        )
+    total_pct = sum(
+        width
+        for column in columns or ()
+        if isinstance((width := column.get(CONF_WIDTH)), float)
+    )
+    if total_pct > 1.0:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_COLUMNS} percentage widths add up to {total_pct * 100:.0f}%, which exceeds 100%",
+            path=[CONF_COLUMNS],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+TABLE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ROWS): cv.ensure_list(ROW_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ROW_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_COLUMN_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_COLUMNS): cv.ensure_list(COLUMN_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_ROW): lv_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN): lv_int,
+    }
+).add_extra(_validate_table)
+
+lv_table_t = LvType(
+    "LvTableType",
+    parents=(LvCompound,),
+    largs=[(cg.uint32, "row"), (cg.uint32, "column")],
+    lvalue=lambda w: [
+        lv_expr.table_get_selected_row(w.obj),
+        lv_expr.table_get_selected_column(w.obj),
+    ],
+    has_on_value=True,
+)
+
+
+async def set_cell_ctrl(
+    w: Widget, row: SafeExpType, column: SafeExpType, cell: ConfigType
+) -> None:
+    for key, ctrl in (
+        (CONF_MERGE_RIGHT, "LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_MERGE_RIGHT"),
+        (CONF_TEXT_CROP, "LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_TEXT_CROP"),
+    ):
+        if key not in cell:
+            continue
+        if cell[key]:
+            lv.table_set_cell_ctrl(w.obj, row, column, literal(ctrl))
+        else:
+            lv.table_clear_cell_ctrl(w.obj, row, column, literal(ctrl))
+
+
+async def set_selected_cell(w: Widget, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    selected_row = config.get(CONF_SELECTED_ROW)
+    selected_column = config.get(CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN)
+    if selected_row is None and selected_column is None:
+        return
+    # LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE selects the whole column/row when only one index is given
+    row_value = (
+        await lv_int.process(selected_row)
+        if selected_row is not None
+        else literal("LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE")
+    )
+    column_value = (
+        await lv_int.process(selected_column)
+        if selected_column is not None
+        else literal("LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE")
+    )
+    lv.table_set_selected_cell(w.obj, row_value, column_value)
+
+
+TABLE_MODIFY_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_ROW): lv_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED_COLUMN): lv_int,
+    }
+)
+
+
+class TableType(WidgetType):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            CONF_TABLE,
+            lv_table_t,
+            (CONF_MAIN, CONF_ITEMS),
+            TABLE_SCHEMA,
+            modify_schema=TABLE_MODIFY_SCHEMA,
+        )
+
+    def get_uses(self) -> tuple[str]:
+        return (CONF_LABEL,)
+
+    async def to_code(self, w: Widget, config: dict) -> None:
+        rows = config.get(CONF_ROWS)
+        row_count = config.get(CONF_ROW_COUNT)
+        column_count = config.get(CONF_COLUMN_COUNT)
+        if rows is not None:
+            if row_count is None:
+                row_count = len(rows)
+            if column_count is None:
+                column_count = max((len(row[CONF_CELLS]) for row in rows), default=0)
+        if row_count is not None:
+            lv.table_set_row_count(w.obj, row_count)
+        if column_count is not None:
+            lv.table_set_column_count(w.obj, column_count)
+        columns = config.get(CONF_COLUMNS, ())
+        pct_column_count = sum(
+            1 for column in columns if isinstance(column.get(CONF_WIDTH), float)
+        )
+        if pct_column_count:
+            lv_add(w.var.init_column_pct(pct_column_count))
+        for index, column in enumerate(columns):
+            if (width := column.get(CONF_WIDTH)) is None:
+                continue
+            if isinstance(width, float):
+                # A percentage: column_width validation leaves it as a 0.0-1.0
+                # fraction. LVGL's table widget only accepts a literal pixel width, so
+                # the actual width is recomputed at runtime from the table's own size.
+                lv_add(w.var.add_column_width_pct(index, round(width * 100)))
+            else:
+                lv.table_set_column_width(
+                    w.obj, index, await column_width.process(width)
+                )
+        for row_index, row in enumerate(rows or ()):
+            for column_index, cell in enumerate(row[CONF_CELLS]):
+                lv.table_set_cell_value(
+                    w.obj,
+                    row_index,
+                    column_index,
+                    await lv_text.process(cell[CONF_TEXT]),
+                )
+                await set_cell_ctrl(w, row_index, column_index, cell)
+        await set_selected_cell(w, config)
+
+
+table_spec = TableType()
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.table.cell.update",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_table_t),
+            cv.Required(CONF_ROW): lv_int,
+            cv.Required(CONF_COLUMN): lv_int,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT): lv_text,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MERGE_RIGHT): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEXT_CROP): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    ).add_extra(cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_TEXT, CONF_MERGE_RIGHT, CONF_TEXT_CROP)),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def table_cell_update_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    widgets = await get_widgets(config)
+
+    async def do_update(w: Widget):
+        row = await lv_int.process(config[CONF_ROW])
+        column = await lv_int.process(config[CONF_COLUMN])
+        fields_set = sum(
+            key in config for key in (CONF_TEXT, CONF_MERGE_RIGHT, CONF_TEXT_CROP)
+        )
+        with ExitStack() as stack:
+            if fields_set > 1:
+                # row/column feed more than one generated call below: cache them in
+                # local variables so a !lambda value is only evaluated once.
+                row = stack.enter_context(
+                    LocalVariable("row", cg.int_, row, modifier="")
+                )
+                column = stack.enter_context(
+                    LocalVariable("column", cg.int_, column, modifier="")
+                )
+            if CONF_TEXT in config:
+                lv.table_set_cell_value(
+                    w.obj, row, column, await lv_text.process(config[CONF_TEXT])
+                )
+            await set_cell_ctrl(w, row, column, config)
+
+    return await action_to_code(
+        widgets, do_update, action_id, template_arg, args, config
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py
index a1c197b381..6404bcf64c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rnauber"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x43))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 22ab73e901..09398876d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID, M5Stack8AngleComponent, m5stack_8angle_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID])
     sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(sens.set_parent(hub))
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py
index 806ecaabf4..5c4863acf7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/light/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID, M5Stack8AngleComponent, m5stack_8angle_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID])
     lights = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(lights, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py
index 2132eaa4c2..87d1425241 100644
--- a/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_ROTATE_RIGHT,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID,
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_M5STACK_8ANGLE_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
index 3c7d78a27b..cd846877ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 import difflib
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import KEY_METADATA
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (
     add_global,
 )
 from esphome.loader import get_component
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -32,13 +34,16 @@ class IndexType:
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, validator: Callable, data_type: MockObj, conversion: Callable = None
+        self,
+        validator: Callable,
+        data_type: MockObj,
+        conversion: Callable | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.validator = validator
         self.data_type = data_type
         self.conversion = conversion
 
-    async def convert_value(self, value):
+    async def convert_value(self, value: Any) -> Any:
         if self.conversion:
             return self.conversion(value)
         return await cg.get_variable(value)
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ class MappingMetaData:
         self.to_ = to_
 
 
-def to_schema(value):
+def to_schema(value: Any) -> str:
     """
     Generate a schema for the 'to' field of a map. This can be either one of the index types or a class name.
     :param value:
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def get_object_type(to_) -> MockObjClass | None:
+def get_object_type(to_: str) -> MockObjClass | None:
     """
     Get the object type from a string. Possible formats:
        xxx The name of a component which defines INSTANCE_TYPE
@@ -121,7 +126,7 @@ def add_metadata(
     get_all_mapping_metadata()[mapping_id.id] = MappingMetaData(from_, to_)
 
 
-def map_schema(config):
+def map_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = BASE_SCHEMA(config)
     if CONF_ENTRIES not in config or not isinstance(config[CONF_ENTRIES], dict):
         raise cv.Invalid("an entries dictionary is required for a mapping")
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ def map_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = map_schema
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     varid = config[CONF_ID]
     metadata = get_mapping_metadata(varid.id)
     entries = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py
index 868b149211..47cf4793b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import key_provider
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_ROWS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_KEY, CONF_PIN, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONF_HAS_DIODES = "has_diodes"
 CONF_HAS_PULLDOWNS = "has_pulldowns"
 
 
-def check_keys(obj):
+def check_keys(obj: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_KEYS in obj and len(obj[CONF_KEYS]) != len(obj[CONF_ROWS]) * len(
         obj[CONF_COLUMNS]
     ):
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     row_pins = []
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 8e63ed43ce..6c6e0aad73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_COL, CONF_ID, CONF_KEY, CONF_ROW
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_KEYPAD_ID, MatrixKeypad, matrix_keypad_ns
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ MatrixKeypadBinarySensor = matrix_keypad_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def check_button(obj):
+def check_button(obj: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ROW in obj or CONF_COL in obj:
         if CONF_KEY in obj:
             raise cv.Invalid("You can't provide both a key and a position")
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if CONF_KEY in config:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_KEY][0])
     else:
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
index ebb045dfce..67fb8aa5b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -74,6 +77,11 @@ MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "max17043.sleep_mode", SleepAction, MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def max17043_sleep_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max17043_sleep_mode_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py
index 35ae28d04c..a52f45a18f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max31855/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 max31855_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max31855")
 MAX31855Sensor = max31855_ns.class_(
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py
index 679e02b11d..43a2e18db8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max31856/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 max31856_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max31856")
 MAX31856Sensor = max31856_ns.class_(
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py
index d4498b062f..167a0997e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max31865/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DAVe3283"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py
index 5aea7f0be2..88673c5d00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max44009/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@berfenger"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py
index e42abb68d1..94d857cab9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6675/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 max6675_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max6675")
 MAX6675Sensor = max6675_ns.class_(
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py b/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
index e9fae4cceb..5e45d71899 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@looping40"]
 
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_brightness_global(config[CONF_BRIGHTNESS_GLOBAL]))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ MAX6956_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_MAX6956, MAX6956_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def max6956_pin_to_code(config):
+async def max6956_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MAX6956])
 
@@ -114,7 +117,12 @@ async def max6956_pin_to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_BRIGHTNESS_GLOBAL], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -136,7 +144,12 @@ async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max6956_set_brightness_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max6956_set_brightness_mode_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py
index 352ba04a95..f92bbb762a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MAX6956, MAX6956, max6956_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MAX6956])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219/display.py b/esphome/components/max7219/display.py
index abb20702bd..b21f66b553 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTENSITY, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_NUM_CHIPS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_NUM_CHIPS])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     await display.register_display(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
index df2423b0d0..54711263dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
     CONF_STATE,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@rspaargaren"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     await display.register_display(var, config)
@@ -144,7 +147,12 @@ MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -164,7 +172,12 @@ async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -184,7 +197,12 @@ async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_reverse_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_reverse_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -209,7 +227,12 @@ MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def max7219digit_intensity_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_intensity_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_INTENSITY], args, cg.uint8)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
index b3a73d8c10..9332274a95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 max9611_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("max9611")
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py
index 8ff938114a..3d1480a6f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23008/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, mcp23x08_base, mcp23xxx_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x08_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -23,6 +24,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x08_base.NUM_PINS)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py
index b71d57498a..5f4b7276d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23016/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(MCP23016),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ MCP23016_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_MCP23016, MCP23016_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def mcp23016_pin_to_code(config):
+async def mcp23016_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MCP23016])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py
index e5cc1856eb..474d75f6ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23017/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, mcp23x17_base, mcp23xxx_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x17_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -23,6 +24,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x17_base.NUM_PINS)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp
index 9e3d75575a..173d117457 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ void MCP23017::setup() {
   this->read_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_OLATA, &this->olat_a_);
   this->read_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_OLATB, &this->olat_b_);
 
+  // Reset IPOL to 0x00: ESPHome handles 'inverted' in software.
+  this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IPOLA, 0x00);
+  this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IPOLB, 0x00);
+
   uint8_t iocon_flags = 0;
   if (this->open_drain_ints_) {
     iocon_flags |= IOCON_ODR;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py
index 312da79b75..ffc51b8146 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23s08/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mcp23x08_base, mcp23xxx_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x08_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@SenexCrenshaw", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x08_base.NUM_PINS)
     cg.add(var.set_device_address(config[CONF_DEVICEADDRESS]))
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py
index 599bfa0851..d693a64ce8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23s17/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mcp23x17_base, mcp23xxx_base, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["mcp23x17_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@SenexCrenshaw", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await mcp23xxx_base.register_mcp23xxx(config, mcp23x17_base.NUM_PINS)
     cg.add(var.set_device_address(config[CONF_DEVICEADDRESS]))
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
index 76a3aabe3f..755d86e4ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
     CONF_INTERRUPT,
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, coroutine
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -32,34 +34,16 @@ MCP23XXX_INTERRUPT_MODES = {
 }
 
 
-def _validate_interrupt_pin(value):
-    # The MCP component owns INT polarity (active-low, hardcoded falling-edge ISR)
-    # and installs a single ISR per GPIO, so neither inversion nor sharing is supported.
-    value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
-    if value.get(CONF_INVERTED):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"'{CONF_INVERTED}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
-            "the MCP23xxx INT line is fixed active-low"
-        )
-    if value.get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"'{CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES}: true' is not supported on '{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}'; "
-            "sharing the interrupt pin between multiple MCP23xxx (or other components) "
-            "is not implemented. Remove the interrupt_pin to fall back to polling."
-        )
-    return value
-
-
 MCP23XXX_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_DRAIN_INTERRUPT, default=False): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): _validate_interrupt_pin,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
 @coroutine
-async def register_mcp23xxx(config, num_pins):
+async def register_mcp23xxx(config: ConfigType, num_pins: int) -> MockObj:
     id: ID = config[CONF_ID]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(id)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -70,7 +54,7 @@ async def register_mcp23xxx(config, num_pins):
     return var
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -99,7 +83,7 @@ MCP23XXX_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_MCP23XXX, MCP23XXX_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def mcp23xxx_pin_to_code(config):
+async def mcp23xxx_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     parent_id: ID = config[CONF_MCP23XXX]
     parent = await cg.get_variable(parent_id)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py b/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py
index d34a77248c..8bb8918f96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import canbus, spi
 from esphome.components.canbus import CanbusComponent
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mvturnho", "@danielschramm"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = canbus.CANBUS_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     rhs = mcp2515.new()
     var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], rhs)
     await canbus.register_canbus(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py
index 41ccdd403a..6d1bd5a970 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3008/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py
index 2576ef50e5..de31f81345 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3008/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import MCP3008, mcp3008_ns
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_MCP3008_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py
index 612297f934..5757bdbfa9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3204/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_reference_voltage(config[CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py
index 5f9aa9fdb6..728a1c0611 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3204/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import MCP3204, mcp3204_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_NUMBER],
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py
index 993876c2c8..30e972d808 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp3221/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     cg.add(var.set_reference_voltage(config[CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py
index f3ef6f4917..60cece67d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@p1ngb4ck"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_DISABLE_WIPER_0],
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
index 4573553664..abc74b9e6d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,18 @@ void Mcp4461Component::setup() {
     auto init_val = this->reg_[i].initial_value;
     if (init_val.has_value()) {
       uint16_t initial_state = static_cast<uint16_t>(*init_val * 256.0f);
-      this->write_wiper_level_(i, initial_state);
+      if (i > 3) {
+        // NV wiper: an unconditional write would cost one EEPROM erase/write cycle on EVERY
+        // boot. Only write when the stored value actually differs — and always write when
+        // the read itself failed (a failed read returns 0, which would silently skip the
+        // write whenever initial_value is 0).
+        bool read_ok = false;
+        if (this->read_wiper_level_(i, &read_ok) != initial_state || !read_ok) {
+          this->write_wiper_level_(i, initial_state);
+        }
+      } else {
+        this->write_wiper_level_(i, initial_state);
+      }
     }
     if (this->reg_[i].enabled) {
       this->reg_[i].state = this->read_wiper_level_(i);
@@ -34,6 +45,23 @@ void Mcp4461Component::setup() {
       }
     }
   }
+  // Push the YAML terminal configuration to the TCON registers. TCON is volatile — on POR
+  // the chip restores wiper levels from the NV registers but resets TCON to "all terminals
+  // connected", so any terminal_a/b/w disables from the config MUST be written here.
+  for (uint8_t t = 0; t < 2; t++) {
+    Mcp4461TerminalIdx terminal_connector = static_cast<Mcp4461TerminalIdx>(t);
+    uint8_t terminal_byte = this->calc_terminal_connector_byte_(terminal_connector);
+    this->set_terminal_register_(terminal_connector, terminal_byte);
+  }
+}
+
+void Mcp4461Component::set_nonvolatile(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, uint32_t write_delay_ms) {
+  uint8_t wiper_idx = static_cast<uint8_t>(wiper);
+  if (wiper_idx > 3) {
+    return;  // NV channels E-H are the persistence target themselves
+  }
+  this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile = true;
+  this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile_write_delay_ms = write_delay_ms;
 }
 
 void Mcp4461Component::set_initial_value(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, float initial_value) {
@@ -77,9 +105,12 @@ void Mcp4461Component::dump_config() {
     // so also invalid for nonvolatile. For these, only print current level.
     // reworked to be a one-line intentionally, as output would not be in order
     if (i < 4) {
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  ├── Volatile wiper [%u] level: %u, Status: %s, HW: %s, A: %s, B: %s, W: %s", i,
-                    this->reg_[i].state, ONOFF(this->reg_[i].enabled), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_hw),
-                    ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_a), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_b), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_w));
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                    "  ├── Volatile wiper [%u] level: %u, Status: %s, HW: %s, "
+                    "A: %s, B: %s, W: %s, NV: %s",
+                    i, this->reg_[i].state, ONOFF(this->reg_[i].enabled), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_hw),
+                    ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_a), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_b), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_w),
+                    ONOFF(this->reg_[i].nonvolatile));
     } else {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  ├── Nonvolatile wiper [%u] level: %u", i, this->reg_[i].state);
     }
@@ -92,8 +123,10 @@ void Mcp4461Component::loop() {
   }
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
     if (this->reg_[i].update_level) {
-      // set wiper i state if changed
-      if (this->reg_[i].state != this->read_wiper_level_(i)) {
+      // set wiper i state if changed — a failed read (returns 0) must not suppress the
+      // write when the target state is 0, same hardening as the NV read-compare paths
+      bool read_ok = false;
+      if (this->reg_[i].state != this->read_wiper_level_(i, &read_ok) || !read_ok) {
         this->write_wiper_level_(i, this->reg_[i].state);
       }
     }
@@ -112,6 +145,67 @@ void Mcp4461Component::loop() {
     }
     this->reg_[i].update_terminal = false;
   }
+  this->process_nonvolatile_dirty_();
+}
+
+void Mcp4461Component::process_nonvolatile_dirty_() {
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    if (!this->reg_[i].nonvolatile || !this->reg_[i].nonvolatile_dirty) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if ((now - this->reg_[i].last_level_change_ms) < this->reg_[i].nonvolatile_write_delay_ms) {
+      continue;  // still settling — debounce window not over yet
+    }
+    // Never block the loop on a still-running EEPROM cycle (t_WC up to 10 ms); datasheet:
+    // during an EEPROM write only volatile commands are accepted. Retry on the next loop.
+    if (this->is_writing_()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Clear the dirty flag on success — and equally when WP or WiperLock block the write
+    // permanently, instead of retrying forever.
+    if (this->store_level_nonvolatile_(static_cast<Mcp4461WiperIdx>(i)) || this->write_protected_ ||
+        this->reg_[i].wiper_lock_active) {
+      this->reg_[i].nonvolatile_dirty = false;
+    } else {
+      // Transient failure (e.g. I2C error): without this, the retry fires on every single
+      // loop() iteration, spamming a warning each time. Re-arming the timestamp reuses the
+      // stability delay as a natural retry backoff.
+      this->reg_[i].last_level_change_ms = now;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool Mcp4461Component::store_level_nonvolatile_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(this->error_code_)));
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint8_t wiper_idx = static_cast<uint8_t>(wiper);
+  if (wiper_idx > 3) {
+    // E-H ARE the nonvolatile registers — keep this consistent with the other guards
+    // instead of failing silently (reachable via the store_nonvolatile action).
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_PROHIBITED_FOR_NONVOLATILE)));
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (this->reg_[wiper_idx].wiper_lock_active) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_WIPER_LOCKED)));
+    return false;
+  }
+  const uint16_t level = this->reg_[wiper_idx].state;
+  // Skip the EEPROM cycle entirely when the NV register already holds the value. A failed
+  // read must NOT count as a match (it returns 0): fall through to the write instead — if
+  // the bus is really down, the write fails too and the dirty flag stays set for a retry.
+  bool read_ok = false;
+  if (this->read_wiper_level_(wiper_idx + 4, &read_ok) == level && read_ok) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Persisting wiper %u level %u to nonvolatile register", wiper_idx, level);
+  if (!this->mcp4461_write_(this->get_wiper_address_(wiper_idx + 4), level, true)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error persisting wiper %u level %u", wiper_idx, level);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
 uint8_t Mcp4461Component::get_status_register_() {
@@ -210,7 +304,10 @@ uint16_t Mcp4461Component::get_wiper_level_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
   return this->read_wiper_level_(wiper_idx);
 }
 
-uint16_t Mcp4461Component::read_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper_idx) {
+uint16_t Mcp4461Component::read_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper_idx, bool *ok) {
+  if (ok != nullptr) {
+    *ok = false;
+  }
   uint8_t addr = this->get_wiper_address_(wiper_idx);
   uint8_t reg = addr | static_cast<uint8_t>(Mcp4461Commands::READ);
   if (wiper_idx > 3) {
@@ -225,6 +322,9 @@ uint16_t Mcp4461Component::read_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper_idx) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error fetching %swiper %u value", (wiper_idx > 3) ? "nonvolatile " : "", wiper_idx);
     return 0;
   }
+  if (ok != nullptr) {
+    *ok = true;
+  }
   return buf;
 }
 
@@ -265,6 +365,10 @@ bool Mcp4461Component::set_wiper_level_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, uint16_t value) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting MCP4461 wiper %u to %u", wiper_idx, value);
   this->reg_[wiper_idx].state = value;
   this->reg_[wiper_idx].update_level = true;
+  if (this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile) {
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile_dirty = true;
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].last_level_change_ms = millis();
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -335,6 +439,12 @@ bool Mcp4461Component::increase_wiper_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_WIPER_LOCKED)));
     return false;
   }
+  if (wiper_idx > 3) {
+    // Datasheet: increment commands are only valid for the volatile wiper registers —
+    // the chip NACKs them on nonvolatile addresses.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_PROHIBITED_FOR_NONVOLATILE)));
+    return false;
+  }
   if (this->reg_[wiper_idx].state == 256) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Maximum wiper level reached, further increase of wiper %u prohibited", wiper_idx);
     return false;
@@ -342,13 +452,17 @@ bool Mcp4461Component::increase_wiper_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Increasing wiper %u", wiper_idx);
   uint8_t addr = this->get_wiper_address_(wiper_idx);
   uint8_t reg = addr | static_cast<uint8_t>(Mcp4461Commands::INCREMENT);
-  auto err = this->write(&this->address_, reg);
+  auto err = this->write(&reg, 1);
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->error_code_ = MCP4461_STATUS_I2C_ERROR;
     this->status_set_warning();
     return false;
   }
   this->reg_[wiper_idx].state++;
+  if (this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile) {
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile_dirty = true;
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].last_level_change_ms = millis();
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -366,6 +480,12 @@ bool Mcp4461Component::decrease_wiper_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_WIPER_LOCKED)));
     return false;
   }
+  if (wiper_idx > 3) {
+    // Datasheet: decrement commands are only valid for the volatile wiper registers —
+    // the chip NACKs them on nonvolatile addresses.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_PROHIBITED_FOR_NONVOLATILE)));
+    return false;
+  }
   if (this->reg_[wiper_idx].state == 0) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Minimum wiper level reached, further decrease of wiper %u prohibited", wiper_idx);
     return false;
@@ -373,18 +493,25 @@ bool Mcp4461Component::decrease_wiper_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Decreasing wiper %u", wiper_idx);
   uint8_t addr = this->get_wiper_address_(wiper_idx);
   uint8_t reg = addr | static_cast<uint8_t>(Mcp4461Commands::DECREMENT);
-  auto err = this->write(&this->address_, reg);
+  auto err = this->write(&reg, 1);
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->error_code_ = MCP4461_STATUS_I2C_ERROR;
     this->status_set_warning();
     return false;
   }
   this->reg_[wiper_idx].state--;
+  if (this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile) {
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].nonvolatile_dirty = true;
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].last_level_change_ms = millis();
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
 uint8_t Mcp4461Component::calc_terminal_connector_byte_(Mcp4461TerminalIdx terminal_connector) {
-  uint8_t i = static_cast<uint8_t>(terminal_connector) <= 1 ? 0 : 2;
+  // TCON0 covers wipers 0/1 (A/B), TCON1 covers wipers 2/3 (C/D). The enum only holds
+  // 0 and 1, so the old `<= 1 ? 0 : 2` collapsed to always-0 and built TCON1 from
+  // channels A/B's flags — mirror the (correct) read path in update_terminal_register_().
+  uint8_t i = static_cast<uint8_t>(terminal_connector) == 0 ? 0 : 2;
   uint8_t new_value_byte = 0;
   new_value_byte += static_cast<uint8_t>(this->reg_[i].terminal_b);
   new_value_byte += static_cast<uint8_t>(this->reg_[i].terminal_w) << 1;
@@ -471,6 +598,12 @@ void Mcp4461Component::enable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, char terminal) {
     return;
   }
   uint8_t wiper_idx = static_cast<uint8_t>(wiper);
+  if (wiper_idx > 3) {
+    // Terminal control only exists for the volatile wipers; loop() would otherwise emit
+    // an unrelated TCON write and silently drop the request.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_PROHIBITED_FOR_NONVOLATILE)));
+    return;
+  }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enabling terminal %c of wiper %u", terminal, wiper_idx);
   switch (terminal) {
     case 'h':
@@ -498,6 +631,10 @@ void Mcp4461Component::disable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, char terminal) {
     return;
   }
   uint8_t wiper_idx = static_cast<uint8_t>(wiper);
+  if (wiper_idx > 3) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_message_string(MCP4461_PROHIBITED_FOR_NONVOLATILE)));
+    return;
+  }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Disabling terminal %c of wiper %u", terminal, wiper_idx);
   switch (terminal) {
     case 'h':
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.h b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.h
index a577a4b482..933d92c1fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.h
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ struct WiperState {
   bool wiper_lock_active = false;
   bool update_level = false;
   bool update_terminal = false;
+  // Nonvolatile persistence (volatile wipers 0-3 only): when enabled, every level change is
+  // mirrored into the chip's NV wiper register after nonvolatile_write_delay of stability, so
+  // the chip restores it on power-on. The delay both debounces bursts (e.g. light transitions
+  // writing dozens of levels per second) and protects the EEPROM's limited endurance —
+  // without it, every intermediate step would cost one of the ~1M erase/write cycles and
+  // stall the bus for up to t_WC (10 ms) each.
+  bool nonvolatile = false;
+  uint32_t nonvolatile_write_delay_ms = 1000;
+  bool nonvolatile_dirty = false;
+  uint32_t last_level_change_ms = 0;
 };
 
 // default wiper state is 128 / 0x80h
@@ -86,6 +96,11 @@ class Mcp4461Component final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   /// @param[in] wiper - the wiper to set the value for
   /// @param[in] initial_value - the initial value in range 0-1.0 as float
   void set_initial_value(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, float initial_value);
+  /// @brief enable nonvolatile persistence for a volatile wiper (0-3): every level change is
+  ///        mirrored to the corresponding NV wiper register after the given stability delay
+  /// @param[in] wiper - the (volatile) wiper to persist
+  /// @param[in] write_delay_ms - stability delay before the NV write (debounce / EEPROM wear)
+  void set_nonvolatile(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, uint32_t write_delay_ms);
   /// @brief public function used to set disable terminal config
   /// @param[in] wiper - the wiper to set the value for
   /// @param[in] terminal - the terminal to disable, one of ['a','b','w','h']
@@ -98,7 +113,10 @@ class Mcp4461Component final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool read_16_(uint8_t address, uint16_t *buf);
   void update_write_protection_status_();
   uint8_t get_wiper_address_(uint8_t wiper);
-  uint16_t read_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper);
+  /// Read a wiper register. On I2C failure returns 0 — callers that must distinguish
+  /// a real 0 from a failed read pass `ok` (added for the NV read-compare paths, where
+  /// acting on a failed read would skip a required write or drop a pending persist).
+  uint16_t read_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper, bool *ok = nullptr);
   uint8_t get_status_register_();
   uint16_t get_wiper_level_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper);
   bool set_wiper_level_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, uint16_t value);
@@ -110,6 +128,11 @@ class Mcp4461Component final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void enable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, char terminal);
   void disable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx, char terminal);
   bool is_writing_();
+  /// Copy the current volatile level of wiper 0-3 into its NV register (immediate, blocking
+  /// only for a pending previous EEPROM cycle). Returns false while WP is active or on error.
+  bool store_level_nonvolatile_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper);
+  /// Deferred NV mirroring driven from loop() — see WiperState::nonvolatile.
+  void process_nonvolatile_dirty_();
   bool is_eeprom_ready_for_writing_(bool wait_if_not_ready);
   void write_wiper_level_(uint8_t wiper, uint16_t value);
   bool mcp4461_write_(uint8_t addr, uint16_t data, bool nonvolatile = false);
@@ -139,6 +162,9 @@ class Mcp4461Component final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
         return LOG_STR("MCP4461 Wiper is locked using WiperLock-technology. All actions on this wiper are prohibited.");
       case MCP4461_STATUS_OK:
         return LOG_STR("Status OK");
+      case MCP4461_PROHIBITED_FOR_NONVOLATILE:
+        return LOG_STR(
+            "Increment/decrement, store, and terminal control are prohibited on the nonvolatile wipers (E-H).");
       default:
         return LOG_STR("Unknown");
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py
index 0d145d81d3..db1a1e6a29 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_INITIAL_VALUE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MCP4461_ID, Mcp4461Component, mcp4461_ns
 
@@ -26,6 +30,42 @@ CHANNEL_OPTIONS = {
 CONF_TERMINAL_A = "terminal_a"
 CONF_TERMINAL_B = "terminal_b"
 CONF_TERMINAL_W = "terminal_w"
+CONF_NONVOLATILE = "nonvolatile"
+CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY = "nonvolatile_write_delay"
+
+# Volatile wiper channels that have a nonvolatile shadow register on the chip
+VOLATILE_CHANNELS = ("A", "B", "C", "D")
+
+
+def _validate_nonvolatile(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    channel = str(config[CONF_CHANNEL])
+
+    # Channels E-H address the nonvolatile registers directly — the mirroring options only
+    # make sense for the volatile channels A-D.
+    if channel not in VOLATILE_CHANNELS:
+        # Only reject what the user EXPLICITLY asked for and cannot have: enabling the
+        # mirroring or tuning its delay on E-H. An explicit `nonvolatile: false` is a
+        # harmless no-op and stays valid; bare configs (no key at all) must keep working.
+        # NOTE: FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA intentionally mutates `config` in-place (uses setdefault) to apply defaults for callers.
+        if config.get(CONF_NONVOLATILE) or CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"enabling '{CONF_NONVOLATILE}' or setting '{CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY}' is only valid for the "
+                f"volatile channels A-D; channels E-H are the nonvolatile registers themselves"
+            )
+        return
+
+    config.setdefault(CONF_NONVOLATILE, True)
+    if config[CONF_NONVOLATILE]:
+        config.setdefault(
+            CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY,
+            cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds("1s"),
+        )
+    elif CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY in config:
+        # Same consistency as the E-H rejection above: never silently ignore user input.
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY}' requires '{CONF_NONVOLATILE}: true'"
+        )
+
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
     {
@@ -36,11 +76,23 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
         cv.Optional(CONF_TERMINAL_B, default=True): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(CONF_TERMINAL_W, default=True): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(CONF_INITIAL_VALUE): cv.float_range(min=0.0, max=1.0),
+        # No schema defaults here: a default would materialize the keys on EVERY channel,
+        # making existing bare E-H configs fail final validation. The effective defaults
+        # (nonvolatile: true, delay 1s) are applied for the volatile channels A-D inside
+        # _validate_nonvolatile instead. Default-on rationale: the chip restores the
+        # nonvolatile wiper levels at power-on, so persisting every settled level change is
+        # the least surprising behavior — the pot simply comes back where it was. The write
+        # is deferred by nonvolatile_write_delay to debounce transitions and protect the
+        # EEPROM's endurance.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_NONVOLATILE): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
     }
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_nonvolatile
 
-async def to_code(config):
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MCP4461_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
@@ -57,5 +109,86 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(
             parent.set_initial_value(config[CONF_CHANNEL], config[CONF_INITIAL_VALUE])
         )
+    if str(config[CONF_CHANNEL]) in VOLATILE_CHANNELS and config[CONF_NONVOLATILE]:
+        cg.add(
+            parent.set_nonvolatile(
+                config[CONF_CHANNEL],
+                config[CONF_NONVOLATILE_WRITE_DELAY],
+            )
+        )
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_MCP4461_ID])
+
+
+# ---- Actions ----
+WiperIncreaseAction = mcp4461_ns.class_("WiperIncreaseAction", automation.Action)
+WiperDecreaseAction = mcp4461_ns.class_("WiperDecreaseAction", automation.Action)
+WiperStoreNonvolatileAction = mcp4461_ns.class_(
+    "WiperStoreNonvolatileAction", automation.Action
+)
+WiperSetTerminalAction = mcp4461_ns.class_("WiperSetTerminalAction", automation.Action)
+
+WIPER_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
+    {cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Mcp4461Wiper)}
+)
+
+CONF_TERMINAL = "terminal"
+CONF_ENABLE = "enable"
+
+TERMINAL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Mcp4461Wiper),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TERMINAL): cv.one_of("a", "b", "w", "h", lower=True),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ENABLE): cv.boolean,
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "mcp4461.wiper.increase", WiperIncreaseAction, WIPER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "mcp4461.wiper.decrease", WiperDecreaseAction, WIPER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+async def mcp4461_wiper_step_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    wiper = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, wiper)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "mcp4461.wiper.store_nonvolatile",
+    WiperStoreNonvolatileAction,
+    WIPER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def mcp4461_wiper_store_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    wiper = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, wiper)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "mcp4461.wiper.set_terminal",
+    WiperSetTerminalAction,
+    TERMINAL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def mcp4461_wiper_terminal_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    wiper = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(
+        action_id, template_arg, wiper, ord(config[CONF_TERMINAL]), config[CONF_ENABLE]
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/automation.h b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4be317b2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "mcp4461_output.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mcp4461 {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class WiperIncreaseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit WiperIncreaseAction(Mcp4461Wiper *wiper) : wiper_(wiper) {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->wiper_->increase_wiper(); }
+
+ protected:
+  Mcp4461Wiper *wiper_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class WiperDecreaseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit WiperDecreaseAction(Mcp4461Wiper *wiper) : wiper_(wiper) {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->wiper_->decrease_wiper(); }
+
+ protected:
+  Mcp4461Wiper *wiper_;
+};
+
+// Persist the current level to the chip's nonvolatile register immediately — useful with
+// nonvolatile: false to persist only at deliberate moments (e.g. on a button press), or to
+// bypass the stability delay of the automatic mirroring.
+template<typename... Ts> class WiperStoreNonvolatileAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit WiperStoreNonvolatileAction(Mcp4461Wiper *wiper) : wiper_(wiper) {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->wiper_->store_nonvolatile(); }
+
+ protected:
+  Mcp4461Wiper *wiper_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class WiperSetTerminalAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  WiperSetTerminalAction(Mcp4461Wiper *wiper, char terminal, bool enable)
+      : wiper_(wiper), terminal_(terminal), enable_(enable) {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
+    if (this->enable_) {
+      this->wiper_->enable_terminal(this->terminal_);
+    } else {
+      this->wiper_->disable_terminal(this->terminal_);
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Mcp4461Wiper *wiper_;
+  char terminal_;
+  bool enable_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mcp4461
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.cpp
index 3892372cab..5c373ddc7d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ void Mcp4461Wiper::decrease_wiper() {
   }
 }
 
+void Mcp4461Wiper::store_nonvolatile() {
+  if (this->parent_->store_level_nonvolatile_(this->wiper_)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stored wiper %u level to nonvolatile register", static_cast<uint8_t>(this->wiper_));
+  }
+}
+
 void Mcp4461Wiper::enable_terminal(char terminal) { this->parent_->enable_terminal_(this->wiper_, terminal); }
 
 void Mcp4461Wiper::disable_terminal(char terminal) { this->parent_->disable_terminal_(this->wiper_, terminal); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.h b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.h
index 20d81d825a..c8d1ef1ec5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.h
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ class Mcp4461Wiper final : public output::FloatOutput, public Parented<Mcp4461Co
   /// @brief Disable given terminal
   /// @param[in] terminal single char parameter defining desired terminal to disable, one of { 'a', 'b', 'w', 'h' }
   void disable_terminal(char terminal);
+  /// @brief Immediately persist the current wiper level to the chip's nonvolatile register
+  ///        (independent of the deferred nonvolatile mirroring / its stability delay)
+  void store_nonvolatile();
 
  protected:
   void write_state(float state) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py b/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py
index 5ec6a9d686..0c1224a1a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4725/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py
index da3244be84..f48bdde681 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4728/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@berfenger"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_STORE_IN_EEPROM])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py
index 6f4a41510f..e8cb4c47d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4728/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_GAIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MCP4728_ID, MCP4728Component, mcp4728_ns
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MCP4728_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py b/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py
index ebd597cfeb..91bb3b47db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp47a1/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py
index 65ae5f2eec..5542ffaa6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp9600/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_HOT_JUNCTION = "hot_junction"
 CONF_COLD_JUNCTION = "cold_junction"
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = i2c.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py
index ba6718ca56..1daaa9c131 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp9808/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@k7hpn"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py b/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py
index 1710b00e66..6a928d1682 100644
--- a/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/md5/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.helpers import IS_MACOS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_MD5")
 
     # Add OpenSSL library for host platform
diff --git a/esphome/components/md5/md5.cpp b/esphome/components/md5/md5.cpp
index 10c81aac39..17e3665f50 100644
--- a/esphome/components/md5/md5.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/md5/md5.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::md5 {
 
-#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
 void MD5Digest::init() {
   memset(this->digest_, 0, 16);
   MD5Init(&this->ctx_);
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void MD5Digest::init() {
 void MD5Digest::add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) { MD5Update(&this->ctx_, data, len); }
 
 void MD5Digest::calculate() { MD5Final(this->digest_, &this->ctx_); }
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO && !USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO && !USE_RP2
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 void MD5Digest::init() {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void MD5Digest::add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) { esp_rom_md5_update(&this-
 void MD5Digest::calculate() { esp_rom_md5_final(this->digest_, &this->ctx_); }
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 void MD5Digest::init() {
   memset(this->digest_, 0, 16);
   br_md5_init(&this->ctx_);
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void MD5Digest::init() {
 void MD5Digest::add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) { br_md5_update(&this->ctx_, data, len); }
 
 void MD5Digest::calculate() { br_md5_out(&this->ctx_, this->digest_); }
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 
 #ifdef USE_HOST
 MD5Digest::~MD5Digest() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/md5/md5.h b/esphome/components/md5/md5.h
index 5e841edd83..ff0f2852c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/md5/md5.h
+++ b/esphome/components/md5/md5.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #define MD5_CTX_TYPE md5_context_t
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include <MD5Builder.h>
 #define MD5_CTX_TYPE br_md5_context
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
index 2de67542b2..c9334ea97a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ MDNSTXTRecord = mdns_ns.struct("MDNSTXTRecord")
 MDNSService = mdns_ns.struct("MDNSService")
 
 
-def _remove_id_if_disabled(value):
+def _remove_id_if_disabled(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     if value[CONF_DISABLED]:
         value.pop(CONF_ID)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def _consume_mdns_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Require a network interface for mDNS on Arduino/LEAmDNS platforms.
 
     On ESP8266 and RP2040 the C++ implementation needs at least one IP state
@@ -70,18 +70,17 @@ def _require_network_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     window. Reject at config time rather than silently producing a component
     that never initializes.
     """
-    if config.get(CONF_DISABLED) or not (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2040):
-        return config
+    if config.get(CONF_DISABLED) or not (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2):
+        return
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     has_wifi = "wifi" in full_config
-    has_ethernet = CORE.is_rp2040 and "ethernet" in full_config
+    has_ethernet = CORE.is_rp2 and "ethernet" in full_config
     if not (has_wifi or has_ethernet):
         options = "'wifi'" if CORE.is_esp8266 else "'wifi' or 'ethernet'"
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "mdns on this platform requires a network interface — "
             f"add a {options} component to your configuration."
         )
-    return config
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ def mdns_txt_record(key: str, value: str) -> cg.RawExpression:
 
 
 async def _mdns_txt_record_templated(
-    mdns_comp: cg.Pvariable, key: str, value: Lambda | str
+    mdns_comp: cg.MockObj, key: str, value: Lambda | str
 ) -> cg.RawExpression:
     """Create a mDNS TXT record with support for templated values.
 
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ def mdns_service(
     )
 
 
-def enable_mdns_storage():
+def enable_mdns_storage() -> None:
     """Enable persistent storage of mDNS services in the MDNSComponent.
 
     Called by external components (like OpenThread) that need access to
@@ -185,31 +184,31 @@ def enable_mdns_storage():
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK_SERVICES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_DISABLED] is True:
         return
 
     if CORE.using_arduino:
         if CORE.is_esp8266:
             cg.add_library("ESP8266mDNS", None)
-        elif CORE.is_rp2040:
+        elif CORE.is_rp2:
             cg.add_library("LEAmDNS", None)
 
         # Subscribe to the network IP state listener(s) so MDNS.update() is only
         # scheduled during the probe+announce phase. Same on_ip_state() override
         # serves both WiFi and Ethernet (signatures match).
-        if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2040:
+        if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2:
             if "wifi" in CORE.config:
                 from esphome.components import wifi
 
                 wifi.request_wifi_ip_state_listener()
-            if CORE.is_rp2040 and "ethernet" in CORE.config:
+            if CORE.is_rp2 and "ethernet" in CORE.config:
                 from esphome.components import ethernet
 
                 ethernet.request_ethernet_ip_state_listener()
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.11.0")
+        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.11.3")
 
     cg.add_define("USE_MDNS")
 
@@ -274,7 +273,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
         "mdns_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
         "mdns_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
-        "mdns_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "mdns_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "mdns_libretiny.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
index e11cb1abaa..fa39e86ed0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void MDNSComponent::setup_buffers_and_register_(PlatformRegisterFn platform_regi
   auto &services = services_storage;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_MDNS_DEVICE_INFO_TXT
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_STORE_SERVICES
   get_mac_address_into_buffer(this->mac_address_);
   char *mac_ptr = this->mac_address_;
@@ -70,17 +70,20 @@ void MDNSComponent::setup_buffers_and_register_(PlatformRegisterFn platform_regi
   platform_register(this, services);
 }
 
-void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services, char *mac_address_buf,
-                                     char *config_hash_buf) {
+void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services,
+                                     const char *mac_address_buf, const char *config_hash_buf) {
   // IMPORTANT: The #ifdef blocks below must match COMPONENTS_WITH_MDNS_SERVICES
   // in mdns/__init__.py. If you add a new service here, update both locations.
 
+#ifdef USE_MDNS_DEVICE_INFO_TXT
+  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_VERSION, "version");
+  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_MAC, "mac");
+  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_CONFIG_HASH, "config_hash");
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_API
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(SERVICE_ESPHOMELIB, "_esphomelib");
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_FRIENDLY_NAME, "friendly_name");
-  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_VERSION, "version");
-  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_CONFIG_HASH, "config_hash");
-  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_MAC, "mac");
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_PLATFORM, "platform");
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_BOARD, "board");
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_NETWORK, "network");
@@ -100,14 +103,20 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
     if (!friendly_name_empty) {
       txt_count++;  // friendly_name
     }
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_NRF52)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_NRF52)
     txt_count++;  // platform
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_WIFI) || defined(USE_ETHERNET) || defined(USE_OPENTHREAD)
     txt_count++;  // network
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+    const bool api_has_psk = api::global_api_server->get_noise_ctx().has_psk();
     txt_count++;  // api_encryption or api_encryption_supported
+#ifndef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
+    if (!api_has_psk) {
+      txt_count++;  // api_provisioning
+    }
+#endif
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
     txt_count += 2;  // project_name and project_version
@@ -136,9 +145,9 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
 #elif defined(USE_ESP32)
     MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(PLATFORM_ESP32, "ESP32");
     txt_records.push_back({MDNS_STR(TXT_PLATFORM), MDNS_STR(PLATFORM_ESP32)});
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-    MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(PLATFORM_RP2040, "RP2040");
-    txt_records.push_back({MDNS_STR(TXT_PLATFORM), MDNS_STR(PLATFORM_RP2040)});
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+    MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(PLATFORM_RP2, "RP2");
+    txt_records.push_back({MDNS_STR(TXT_PLATFORM), MDNS_STR(PLATFORM_RP2)});
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
     txt_records.push_back({MDNS_STR(TXT_PLATFORM), MDNS_STR(lt_cpu_get_model_name())});
 #elif defined(USE_NRF52)
@@ -163,9 +172,18 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
     MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_API_ENCRYPTION, "api_encryption");
     MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_API_ENCRYPTION_SUPPORTED, "api_encryption_supported");
     MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(NOISE_ENCRYPTION, "Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256");
-    bool has_psk = api::global_api_server->get_noise_ctx().has_psk();
-    const char *encryption_key = has_psk ? TXT_API_ENCRYPTION : TXT_API_ENCRYPTION_SUPPORTED;
+    const char *encryption_key = api_has_psk ? TXT_API_ENCRYPTION : TXT_API_ENCRYPTION_SUPPORTED;
     txt_records.push_back({MDNS_STR(encryption_key), MDNS_STR(NOISE_ENCRYPTION)});
+#ifndef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
+    if (!api_has_psk) {
+      // Unprovisioned device without a YAML key: advertise that the encryption
+      // key can be provisioned over a zero-PSK Noise connection. Gated on the
+      // YAML define so this survives the plaintext removal in 2027.2.0.
+      MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_API_PROVISIONING, "api_provisioning");
+      MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(VALUE_ZERO_PSK, "zero-psk");
+      txt_records.push_back({MDNS_STR(TXT_API_PROVISIONING), MDNS_STR(VALUE_ZERO_PSK)});
+    }
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
@@ -212,12 +230,18 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
   web_service.service_type = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_HTTP);
   web_service.proto = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_TCP);
   web_service.port = []() -> uint16_t { return USE_WEBSERVER_PORT; };
+#ifndef USE_API
+  // Without the native API there is no _esphomelib service, so publish the
+  // device info here for the device builder to discover.
+  web_service.txt_records = {{MDNS_STR(TXT_VERSION), MDNS_STR(VALUE_VERSION)},
+                             {MDNS_STR(TXT_MAC), MDNS_STR(mac_address_buf)},
+                             {MDNS_STR(TXT_CONFIG_HASH), MDNS_STR(config_hash_buf)}};
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(USE_API) && !defined(USE_PROMETHEUS) && !defined(USE_SENDSPIN) && !defined(USE_WEBSERVER) && \
     !defined(USE_MDNS_EXTRA_SERVICES)
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(SERVICE_HTTP, "_http");
-  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_VERSION, "version");
 
   // Publish "http" service if not using native API or any other services
   // This is just to have *some* mDNS service so that .local resolution works
@@ -225,7 +249,9 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
   fallback_service.service_type = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_HTTP);
   fallback_service.proto = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_TCP);
   fallback_service.port = []() -> uint16_t { return USE_WEBSERVER_PORT; };
-  fallback_service.txt_records = {{MDNS_STR(TXT_VERSION), MDNS_STR(VALUE_VERSION)}};
+  fallback_service.txt_records = {{MDNS_STR(TXT_VERSION), MDNS_STR(VALUE_VERSION)},
+                                  {MDNS_STR(TXT_MAC), MDNS_STR(mac_address_buf)},
+                                  {MDNS_STR(TXT_CONFIG_HASH), MDNS_STR(config_hash_buf)}};
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
index e981a65941..4f97e8cb99 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 // On ESP8266 and RP2040 the scheduler-backed MDNS.update() polling window is armed by
 // IP state listener events on whichever network interface is configured.
-#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && \
+#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)) && \
     ((defined(USE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS)) || \
      (defined(USE_ETHERNET) && defined(USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS)))
 #include "esphome/components/network/ip_address.h"
@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+// Device info TXT records (version, mac, config_hash) are published on the _esphomelib service
+// when the native API is enabled, otherwise on the _http service (web_server's or the fallback one).
+// When neither applies (only prometheus, sendspin or user-defined services are configured), no
+// device info records are published and the buffers below are not needed.
+#if defined(USE_API) || defined(USE_WEBSERVER) || \
+    (!defined(USE_PROMETHEUS) && !defined(USE_SENDSPIN) && !defined(USE_MDNS_EXTRA_SERVICES))
+#define USE_MDNS_DEVICE_INFO_TXT
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::mdns {
 
 // Helper struct that identifies strings that may be stored in flash storage (similar to LogString)
@@ -136,7 +145,7 @@ class MDNSComponent final : public Component
   StaticVector<std::string, MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT_COUNT> dynamic_txt_values_;
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_API) && defined(USE_MDNS_STORE_SERVICES)
+#if defined(USE_MDNS_DEVICE_INFO_TXT) && defined(USE_MDNS_STORE_SERVICES)
   /// Fixed buffer for MAC address (only needed when services are stored)
   char mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   /// Fixed buffer for config hash hex string (only needed when services are stored)
@@ -145,12 +154,12 @@ class MDNSComponent final : public Component
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_STORE_SERVICES
   StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> services_{};
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_RP2040) && defined(USE_MDNS_EVENT_DRIVEN_POLLING)
+#if defined(USE_RP2) && defined(USE_MDNS_EVENT_DRIVEN_POLLING)
   // RP2040 defers MDNS.begin() until the first IP-up event; this tracks that.
   bool initialized_{false};
 #endif
-  void compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services, char *mac_address_buf,
-                        char *config_hash_buf);
+  void compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services, const char *mac_address_buf,
+                        const char *config_hash_buf);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mdns
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp
index f6d5786675..1f0b3c9519 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_esp8266.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,19 @@ static void register_esp8266(MDNSComponent *, StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SER
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_EVENT_DRIVEN_POLLING
 void MDNSComponent::start_polling_window_() {
   // uint32_t-ID set_interval/set_timeout already does atomic cancel-and-add.
-  this->set_interval(MDNS_POLL_ID, MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS, []() { MDNS.update(); });
+  this->set_interval(MDNS_POLL_ID, MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS, []() {
+#ifdef USE_MDNS_WIFI_LISTENER
+    // MDNS.update() can suspend the loop in UdpContext::sendTimeout() while a send is
+    // failing (radio off-channel during a roam scan, or mid reconnect); an incoming
+    // packet then re-enters LEAmDNS from lwIP and corrupts shared UdpContext state.
+    // Skip the tick while the radio cannot transmit (#18760), but keep polling while
+    // the AP is serving clients (AP-only or fallback AP with the STA down).
+    auto *wifi = wifi::global_wifi_component;
+    if (wifi->is_roaming() || (!wifi->is_connected() && !wifi->is_ap_active()))
+      return;
+#endif
+    MDNS.update();
+  });
   this->set_timeout(MDNS_POLL_STOP_ID, MDNS_POLL_WINDOW_MS, [this]() { this->cancel_interval(MDNS_POLL_ID); });
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_host.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_host.cpp
index 1e66a10df0..c5d849df26 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_host.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace esphome::mdns {
 
 void MDNSComponent::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_STORE_SERVICES
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_MDNS_DEVICE_INFO_TXT
   get_mac_address_into_buffer(this->mac_address_);
   char *mac_ptr = this->mac_address_;
   format_hex_to(this->config_hash_str_, App.get_config_hash());
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_libretiny.cpp
index a543a3809a..5354bd241c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_libretiny.cpp
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ static void register_libretiny(MDNSComponent *, StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_S
     while (*service_type == '_') {
       service_type++;
     }
-    uint16_t port_ = service.port.value();
-    MDNS.addService(service_type, proto, port_);
+    uint16_t port = service.port.value();
+    MDNS.addService(service_type, proto, port);
     for (const auto &record : service.txt_records) {
       MDNS.addServiceTxt(service_type, proto, MDNS_STR_ARG(record.key), MDNS_STR_ARG(record.value));
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2.cpp
similarity index 94%
rename from esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2.cpp
index f5848893a3..7eaac594fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#if defined(USE_RP2040) && defined(USE_MDNS)
+#if defined(USE_RP2) && defined(USE_MDNS)
 
 #include "esphome/components/network/ip_address.h"
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mdns {
 
-static void register_rp2040(MDNSComponent *, StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services) {
+static void register_rp2(MDNSComponent *, StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services) {
   MDNS.begin(App.get_name().c_str());
 
   for (const auto &service : services) {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void MDNSComponent::on_ip_state(const network::IPAddresses &ips, const network::
     return;
   }
   if (!this->initialized_) {
-    this->setup_buffers_and_register_(register_rp2040);
+    this->setup_buffers_and_register_(register_rp2);
     this->initialized_ = true;
   } else {
     MDNS.notifyAPChange();
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py b/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
index 43256db4af..c9dab7e4d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ media_source_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("media_source")
 MediaSource = media_source_ns.class_("MediaSource")
 
 
-async def register_media_source(var, config):
+async def register_media_source(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     CORE.register_platform_component("media_source", var)
@@ -35,6 +36,6 @@ def media_source_schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(media_source_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_MEDIA_SOURCE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
index b7d0ad1998..33cb27080c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -129,7 +132,12 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def mhz19_no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mhz19_no_args_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -151,7 +159,12 @@ RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def mhz19_detection_range_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def mhz19_detection_range_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     detection_range = config.get(CONF_DETECTION_RANGE)
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
index cba6bcfa50..092c4977ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ import hashlib
 import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 from urllib.parse import urljoin
 
 from esphome import automation, external_files, git
 from esphome.automation import register_action, register_condition
+from esphome.bundle import add_bundle_file
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, microphone, ota, psram
+from esphome.components.http_request import validate_url
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FILE,
@@ -28,6 +31,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     TYPE_LOCAL,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -162,12 +166,7 @@ MANIFEST_SCHEMA_V2 = cv.Schema(
 
 
 def _compute_local_file_path(config: dict) -> Path:
-    url = config[CONF_URL]
-    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-    h.update(url.encode())
-    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
-    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
-    return base_dir / key
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_path(DOMAIN, config[CONF_URL])
 
 
 def _convert_manifest_v1_to_v2(v1_manifest):
@@ -207,40 +206,62 @@ def _validate_manifest_version(manifest_data):
         raise cv.Invalid("Invalid manifest file, missing 'version' key")
 
 
-def _process_http_source(config):
-    url = config[CONF_URL]
-    path = _compute_local_file_path(config)
+HTTP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        # validate_url only accepts http(s); the shorthand validator relies
+        # on this branch rejecting git shorthands ("github://...") so they
+        # fall through to the git branch.
+        cv.Required(CONF_URL): validate_url,
+    }
+)
 
-    json_path = path / "manifest.json"
 
-    json_contents = external_files.download_content(url, json_path)
+def _register_local_model_file(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register the model file that the manifest points to, so bundles include it.
 
-    manifest_data = json.loads(json_contents)
-    if not isinstance(manifest_data, dict):
-        raise cv.Invalid("Manifest file must contain a JSON object")
-
-    model = manifest_data[CONF_MODEL]
-    model_url = urljoin(url, model)
-
-    model_path = path / model
-
-    external_files.download_content(str(model_url), model_path)
+    The manifest names its model file relative to itself, so that path never appears
+    in the YAML and bundle discovery cannot find it on its own.
 
+    Problems with the manifest are logged and ignored here rather than raised. Loading
+    the manifest later reports them with better messages, and raising would be
+    swallowed by the shorthand validator, which then reports a confusing error about a
+    missing file in a git repository. Logging keeps the skipped registration
+    diagnosable if the manifest is only briefly unreadable, since the bundle would
+    then be built without the model file.
+    """
+    manifest_path: Path = config[CONF_PATH]
+    try:
+        manifest = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        model = manifest[CONF_MODEL]
+    except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError, TypeError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Not registering a model file from %s: %s", manifest_path, err)
+        return config
+    if not isinstance(model, str):
+        _LOGGER.debug(
+            "Not registering a model file from %s: 'model' is %s, expected a string",
+            manifest_path,
+            type(model).__name__,
+        )
+        return config
+    add_bundle_file(manifest_path.parent / model)
     return config
 
 
-HTTP_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
-    },
-    _process_http_source,
+LOCAL_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_PATH): cv.All(_validate_json_filename, cv.file_),
+        }
+    ),
+    _register_local_model_file,
 )
 
-LOCAL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_PATH): cv.All(_validate_json_filename, cv.file_),
-    }
-)
+
+# Bare model names in the official model repository ("okay_nabu"). Must not
+# overlap with local paths, http(s) urls, or git shorthands
+# ("github://user/repo/file.json@ref"), which the shorthand validator tries
+# next; anything containing "/", ":" or "@" is not a model name.
+_MODEL_NAME_RE = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+")
 
 
 def _validate_source_model_name(value):
@@ -250,6 +271,9 @@ def _validate_source_model_name(value):
     if value.endswith(".json"):
         raise cv.Invalid("Model name must not end with .json")
 
+    if not _MODEL_NAME_RE.fullmatch(value):
+        raise cv.Invalid("Model name may only contain letters, numbers, . _ -")
+
     return MODEL_SOURCE_SCHEMA(
         {
             CONF_TYPE: TYPE_HTTP,
@@ -339,6 +363,61 @@ def _maybe_empty_vad_schema(value):
     return VAD_MODEL_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
+def _download_http_models(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Download every http-sourced manifest and model file in two concurrent
+    batches (all manifests, then all model files).
+
+    The model file's URL only becomes known once its manifest has been
+    fetched and parsed, so the two stages cannot be merged into one batch.
+    """
+    model_parameters = [*config[CONF_MODELS]]
+    if vad := config.get(CONF_VAD):
+        model_parameters.append(vad)
+    # Keyed by cache path so a URL referenced twice is fetched and parsed once
+    http_models: dict[Path, str] = {
+        _compute_local_file_path(model_config): model_config[CONF_URL]
+        for parameters in model_parameters
+        if (model_config := parameters.get(CONF_MODEL)) is not None
+        and model_config.get(CONF_TYPE) == TYPE_HTTP
+    }
+    if not http_models:
+        return config
+
+    external_files.download_content_many(
+        (
+            external_files.RemoteFile(url, path / "manifest.json")
+            for path, url in http_models.items()
+        ),
+        description="wake word manifest(s)",
+    )
+
+    model_files: list[external_files.RemoteFile] = []
+    errors: list[cv.Invalid] = []
+    for path, url in http_models.items():
+        try:
+            manifest_data = json.loads((path / "manifest.json").read_bytes())
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+            errors.append(cv.Invalid(f"Invalid manifest file at {url}: {e}"))
+            continue
+        if not isinstance(manifest_data, dict):
+            errors.append(
+                cv.Invalid(f"Manifest file at {url} must contain a JSON object")
+            )
+            continue
+        model = manifest_data.get(CONF_MODEL)
+        if not isinstance(model, str):
+            errors.append(
+                cv.Invalid(f"Manifest file at {url} is missing the 'model' key")
+            )
+            continue
+        model_files.append(external_files.RemoteFile(urljoin(url, model), path / model))
+    if errors:
+        raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errors)
+
+    external_files.download_content_many(model_files, description="wake word model(s)")
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -351,7 +430,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 min_channels=1,
                 max_channels=1,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_MODELS): cv.ensure_list(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODELS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
                 cv.maybe_simple_value(MODEL_SCHEMA, key=CONF_MODEL)
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WAKE_WORD_DETECTED): automation.validate_automation(
@@ -372,6 +451,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.only_on_esp32,
+    _download_http_models,
 )
 
 
@@ -473,6 +553,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         # Use the general model loading code for the VAD codegen
         config[CONF_MODELS].append(vad_model)
 
+    # Default feature step size for runtime models
+    feature_step_size = 10
+
     for i, model_parameters in enumerate(config[CONF_MODELS]):
         model_config = model_parameters.get(CONF_MODEL)
         data = []
@@ -491,6 +574,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
             manifest[KEY_MICRO][CONF_SLIDING_WINDOW_SIZE],
         )
 
+        # Update feature step size from manifest
+        feature_step_size = manifest[KEY_MICRO][CONF_FEATURE_STEP_SIZE]
+
         if manifest[KEY_WAKE_WORD] == "vad":
             cg.add(
                 var.add_vad_model(
@@ -520,7 +606,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
             cg.add(var.add_wake_word_model(wake_word_model))
 
-    cg.add(var.set_features_step_size(manifest[KEY_MICRO][CONF_FEATURE_STEP_SIZE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_features_step_size(feature_step_size))
     cg.add(var.set_stop_after_detection(config[CONF_STOP_AFTER_DETECTION]))
 
     if on_wake_word_detection_config := config.get(CONF_ON_WAKE_WORD_DETECTED):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/automation.h b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/automation.h
index e3b35583fb..59dfc624fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/automation.h
@@ -7,22 +7,22 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micro_wake_word {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class EnableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class EnableModelAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit EnableModelAction(WakeWordModel *wake_word_model) : wake_word_model_(wake_word_model) {}
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->wake_word_model_->enable(); }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   WakeWordModel *wake_word_model_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class DisableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class DisableModelAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit DisableModelAction(WakeWordModel *wake_word_model) : wake_word_model_(wake_word_model) {}
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->wake_word_model_->disable(); }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   WakeWordModel *wake_word_model_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ModelIsEnabledCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ModelIsEnabledCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ModelIsEnabledCondition(WakeWordModel *wake_word_model) : wake_word_model_(wake_word_model) {}
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->wake_word_model_->is_enabled(); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.cpp b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.cpp
index 237d72229d..3dadb78077 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #ifdef USE_OTA
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
 #endif
@@ -35,21 +37,34 @@ static const UBaseType_t INFERENCE_TASK_PRIORITY = 3;
 enum EventGroupBits : uint32_t {
   COMMAND_STOP = (1 << 0),               // Signals the inference task should stop
   COMMAND_RESET_RING_BUFFER = (1 << 1),  // Signals the inference task to discard buffered audio
+  COMMAND_PAUSE_MODELS = (1 << 2),       // Asks the inference task to pause at a safe point so the model lists can be
+                                         // mutated from the main loop
 
   TASK_STARTING = (1 << 3),
   TASK_RUNNING = (1 << 4),
   TASK_STOPPING = (1 << 5),
   TASK_STOPPED = (1 << 6),
 
+  MODELS_PAUSED = (1 << 7),          // Inference task acknowledges it is paused and holds no iterators
+  COMMAND_RESUME_MODELS = (1 << 8),  // Main loop signals the inference task it may resume iterating
+
   ERROR_MEMORY = (1 << 9),
   ERROR_INFERENCE = (1 << 10),
 
   WARNING_FULL_RING_BUFFER = (1 << 13),
+  WARNING_MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT = (1 << 14),  // The paused inference task gave up waiting to be released
 
   ERROR_BITS = ERROR_MEMORY | ERROR_INFERENCE,
   ALL_BITS = 0xfffff,  // 24 total bits available in an event group
 };
 
+// How long the main loop waits for the inference task to acknowledge a pause request before giving up.
+// The task checks for the command at the top of its loop, which runs at least every DATA_TIMEOUT_MS.
+static const uint32_t MODELS_PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+// How long the paused inference task waits to be resumed before rechecking on its own. Only reached if
+// the main loop abandoned the handshake (e.g. it timed out first), so recovery just needs to be bounded.
+static const uint32_t MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
+
 float MicroWakeWord::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_CONNECTION; }
 
 static const LogString *micro_wake_word_state_to_string(State state) {
@@ -176,6 +191,20 @@ void MicroWakeWord::inference_task(void *params) {
       xEventGroupSetBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
 
       while (!(xEventGroupGetBits(this_mww->event_group_) & (COMMAND_STOP | ERROR_BITS))) {
+        if (xEventGroupGetBits(this_mww->event_group_) & EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE_MODELS) {
+          // Safe point: no iterators into wake_word_models_ are held here. Acknowledge the pause and wait for the
+          // main loop to finish mutating the model lists before resuming.
+          xEventGroupSetBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::MODELS_PAUSED);
+          EventBits_t resume_bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_RESUME_MODELS,
+                                                        pdTRUE, pdTRUE, pdMS_TO_TICKS(MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT_MS));
+          if (!(resume_bits & EventGroupBits::COMMAND_RESUME_MODELS)) {
+            // Nobody released us, so the main loop abandoned the handshake and did not mutate the lists.
+            // Rechecking the pause command below is safe, but the wait cost a second of detection, so report it.
+            xEventGroupSetBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::WARNING_MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT);
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
         if (xEventGroupGetBits(this_mww->event_group_) & EventGroupBits::COMMAND_RESET_RING_BUFFER) {
           // Producer asked us to drain; run the consumer-side reset from this thread.
           audio_source->clear_buffered_data();
@@ -232,6 +261,130 @@ std::vector<WakeWordModel *> MicroWakeWord::get_wake_words() {
 
 void MicroWakeWord::add_wake_word_model(WakeWordModel *model) { this->wake_word_models_.push_back(model); }
 
+bool MicroWakeWord::try_lock_models_() {
+  // When the inference task isn't running it holds no iterators into wake_word_models_, so the lists can be
+  // mutated without a handshake. The main loop is the only caller, so this state cannot change between here
+  // and the matching unlock_models_() call.
+  if (!this->inference_task_.is_created() || this->state_ == State::STOPPED) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // The task is running and iterates wake_word_models_. Ask it to pause at a safe point before we mutate.
+  // Clear any stale acknowledgement from an abandoned handshake first.
+  xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::MODELS_PAUSED);
+  xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE_MODELS);
+
+  EventBits_t bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::MODELS_PAUSED, pdFALSE, pdTRUE,
+                                         pdMS_TO_TICKS(MODELS_PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+  if (!(bits & EventGroupBits::MODELS_PAUSED)) {
+    // The task never acknowledged (e.g. it is busy stopping). Withdraw the request and refuse to mutate a
+    // list it might be iterating.
+    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE_MODELS);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void MicroWakeWord::unlock_models_() {
+  if (!this->inference_task_.is_created() || this->state_ == State::STOPPED) {
+    return;  // Nothing was paused
+  }
+  xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::MODELS_PAUSED | EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE_MODELS);
+  xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_RESUME_MODELS);
+}
+
+bool MicroWakeWord::add_runtime_model(std::unique_ptr<WakeWordModel> model) {
+  if (!model) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot add null runtime model");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const std::string model_id = model->get_id();
+
+  // A model without usable data can never load, so keep it out of the lists entirely. Otherwise it would be
+  // advertised to Home Assistant as selectable and the inference task would silently disable it again every
+  // time it was enabled.
+  if (!model->has_model_data()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Runtime model '%s' has no valid data", model_id.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Reject a duplicate id against every model (compiled or runtime). The inference task only ever reads
+  // wake_word_models_, so scanning it here (on the main loop) needs no synchronization.
+  for (auto *existing : this->wake_word_models_) {
+    if (existing->get_id() == model_id) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Wake word model '%s' already exists", model_id.c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!this->try_lock_models_()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timed out pausing inference task; not adding runtime model '%s'", model_id.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->wake_word_models_.push_back(model.get());
+  this->runtime_models_.push_back(std::move(model));
+
+  this->unlock_models_();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Added runtime model '%s'", model_id.c_str());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MicroWakeWord::remove_runtime_model(const std::string &model_id) {
+  // Only runtime-downloaded models can be removed; compiled-in models never appear in runtime_models_.
+  auto runtime_it =
+      std::find_if(this->runtime_models_.begin(), this->runtime_models_.end(),
+                   [&model_id](const std::unique_ptr<WakeWordModel> &m) { return m->get_id() == model_id; });
+  if (runtime_it == this->runtime_models_.end()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->try_lock_models_()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timed out pausing inference task; not removing runtime model '%s'", model_id.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  WakeWordModel *raw = runtime_it->get();
+  auto models_it = std::find(this->wake_word_models_.begin(), this->wake_word_models_.end(), raw);
+  if (models_it != this->wake_word_models_.end()) {
+    this->wake_word_models_.erase(models_it);
+  }
+
+  // Queued detection events hold a pointer into the model being destroyed, so drop them. The inference task
+  // is parked, so no new events can be queued concurrently. Losing an undelivered detection from another
+  // model is acceptable for this rare operation.
+  xQueueReset(this->detection_queue_);
+
+  // Free the interpreter and arenas (safe: the task is parked, not mid-inference), then destroy the model.
+  // Its ModelData releases the PSRAM model buffer once the last shared_ptr reference drops.
+  raw->unload_model();
+  this->runtime_models_.erase(runtime_it);
+
+  this->unlock_models_();
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Removed runtime model '%s'", model_id.c_str());
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> MicroWakeWord::get_runtime_model_ids() {
+  std::vector<std::string> ids;
+  ids.reserve(this->runtime_models_.size());
+  for (const auto &model : this->runtime_models_) {
+    ids.push_back(model->get_id());
+  }
+  return ids;
+}
+
+WakeWordModel *MicroWakeWord::get_model_by_id(const std::string &model_id) {
+  for (auto *model : this->wake_word_models_) {
+    if (model->get_id() == model_id) {
+      return model;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_MICRO_WAKE_WORD_VAD
 void MicroWakeWord::add_vad_model(const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_size,
                                   size_t tensor_arena_size) {
@@ -270,6 +423,12 @@ void MicroWakeWord::loop() {
                   "word detection accuracy will temporarily be reduced.");
   }
 
+  if (event_group_bits & EventGroupBits::WARNING_MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT) {
+    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::WARNING_MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Inference task paused for %" PRIu32 " ms without being released, so it resumed on its own",
+             MODELS_RESUME_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  }
+
   if (event_group_bits & EventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Inference task has started, attempting to allocate memory for buffers");
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.h b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.h
index e4c590a423..03f4a86fd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.h
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ enum State {
   STOPPED,
 };
 
-class MicroWakeWord : public Component
+class MicroWakeWord final : public Component
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
     ,
-                      public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+                            public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
 #endif
 {
  public:
@@ -66,6 +66,32 @@ class MicroWakeWord : public Component
 
   void add_wake_word_model(WakeWordModel *model);
 
+  /// @brief Adds a runtime-downloaded wake word model. Must be called from the main loop.
+  /// If the inference task is running it is paused at a safe point before the model lists are mutated,
+  /// so the task never observes a half-updated vector.
+  /// Callers should check get_model_by_id() before constructing the model: a WakeWordModel permanently
+  /// claims a preference backend that is not released when the model is destroyed, so building one only to
+  /// have it rejected here costs internal RAM that never comes back.
+  /// @return True if the model was added, false if it has no valid data, on a duplicate id, or if the task
+  /// could not be paused
+  bool add_runtime_model(std::unique_ptr<WakeWordModel> model);
+
+  /// @brief Removes a runtime-downloaded wake word model and frees its interpreter, arenas, and model buffer.
+  /// Must be called from the main loop. If the inference task is running it is paused at a safe point first,
+  /// and any queued detection events are dropped (they hold pointers into the model being destroyed).
+  /// @return True if the model was removed, false if the id is not a runtime model or the task could not be paused
+  bool remove_runtime_model(const std::string &model_id);
+
+  /// @brief Returns the wake word model with the given id, or nullptr if none matches (compiled or runtime).
+  /// Must be called from the main loop, as the returned pointer is invalidated by remove_runtime_model().
+  WakeWordModel *get_model_by_id(const std::string &model_id);
+
+  /// @brief Returns the ids of all runtime-downloaded models. Must be called from the main loop.
+  std::vector<std::string> get_runtime_model_ids();
+
+  /// @brief Returns the feature step size (ms) the frontend is configured for. Runtime models must match it.
+  uint8_t get_features_step_size() const { return this->features_step_size_; }
+
 #ifdef USE_MICRO_WAKE_WORD_VAD
   void add_vad_model(const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_size,
                      size_t tensor_arena_size);
@@ -85,6 +111,7 @@ class MicroWakeWord : public Component
 
   std::weak_ptr<ring_buffer::RingBuffer> ring_buffer_;
   std::vector<WakeWordModel *> wake_word_models_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<WakeWordModel>> runtime_models_;
 
 #ifdef USE_MICRO_WAKE_WORD_VAD
   std::unique_ptr<VADModel> vad_model_;
@@ -119,6 +146,13 @@ class MicroWakeWord : public Component
   /// @brief Resumes the inference task
   void resume_task_();
 
+  /// @brief Parks the inference task at a safe point (or verifies it isn't running) so the model lists may be
+  /// mutated from the main loop. Every successful call must be paired with unlock_models_().
+  /// @return True if the lists may be mutated, false if the running task never acknowledged the pause request
+  bool try_lock_models_();
+  /// @brief Releases the inference task parked by a successful try_lock_models_() call
+  void unlock_models_();
+
   void set_state_(State state);
 
   /// @brief Generates a spectrogram feature from an input buffer of audio samples. The frontend buffers samples
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/model_data.cpp b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/model_data.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7326ab77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/model_data.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "model_data.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <tensorflow/lite/core/c/common.h>
+#include <tensorflow/lite/micro/micro_interpreter.h>
+
+namespace esphome::micro_wake_word {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "micro_wake_word";
+
+ModelData::~ModelData() { this->deallocate_(); }
+
+bool ModelData::allocate(size_t size) {
+  // Reject up front: reallocating to zero frees the buffer and returns null, which would leave data_ pointing at
+  // freed memory. A zero-length model is never usable anyway.
+  if (size == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Refusing to allocate a zero-length model");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Already allocated, so reallocate to the new size
+  if (this->data_) {
+    uint8_t *new_allocation = this->allocator_.reallocate(this->data_, size);
+    if (new_allocation == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to reallocate %zu bytes", size);
+      return false;
+    }
+    this->data_ = new_allocation;
+    this->size_ = size;
+    this->valid_ = false;  // Need to revalidate with new data
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Try to allocate in PSRAM first
+  this->data_ = this->allocator_.allocate(size);
+  if (this->data_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate %zu bytes", size);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->size_ = size;
+  this->valid_ = false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ModelData::deallocate_() {
+  if (this->data_ != nullptr) {
+    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->data_, this->size_);
+    this->data_ = nullptr;
+    this->size_ = 0;
+    this->valid_ = false;
+  }
+}
+
+const uint8_t *ModelData::get_model_pointer() const { return this->valid_ ? this->data_ : nullptr; }
+
+uint8_t *ModelData::get_write_pointer() {
+  this->valid_ = false;  // Mark invalid while writing
+  return this->data_;
+}
+
+bool ModelData::validate_and_mark_ready() {
+  // The magic number lives in bytes 4-7, so we need at least 8 bytes to read it.
+  if (!this->data_ || this->size_ < 8) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Model data is null or too small");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check TFLite magic number "TFL3" in bytes 4-7
+  if (memcmp(this->data_ + 4, "TFL3", 4) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid TFLite model magic number");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Bytes 0-3 hold the offset of the root table. tflite::GetModel only adds that offset to the start of the
+  // buffer, so check it lands inside the buffer before reading through it.
+  uint32_t root_offset;
+  memcpy(&root_offset, this->data_, sizeof(root_offset));
+  if (root_offset >= this->size_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "TFLite model root offset is out of bounds");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const tflite::Model *model = tflite::GetModel(this->data_);
+  if (model->version() != TFLITE_SCHEMA_VERSION) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "TFLite model version mismatch (expected %d, got %d)", TFLITE_SCHEMA_VERSION, model->version());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->valid_ = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::micro_wake_word
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/model_data.h b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/model_data.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f0e08c718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/model_data.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::micro_wake_word {
+
+// Owns the buffer holding a runtime-downloaded TFLite model. The buffer prefers PSRAM but falls back to
+// internal RAM, so a device without PSRAM can still hold a single model. It is filled over HTTP, checked
+// for integrity by the caller (SHA256) and for a usable TFLite header here, then kept alive for the
+// lifetime of the WakeWordModel that uses it. Only ever held behind a std::shared_ptr, so copies and
+// moves are disabled.
+class ModelData {
+ public:
+  ModelData() = default;
+  ~ModelData();
+
+  // Non-copyable, non-movable
+  ModelData(const ModelData &) = delete;
+  ModelData &operator=(const ModelData &) = delete;
+  ModelData(ModelData &&) = delete;
+  ModelData &operator=(ModelData &&) = delete;
+
+  // Allocate memory for model
+  bool allocate(size_t size);
+
+  // Get stable pointer for TFLite (only valid after validate_and_mark_ready())
+  const uint8_t *get_model_pointer() const;
+
+  // Get writable pointer for downloading (invalidates the model)
+  uint8_t *get_write_pointer();
+
+  // Validate TFLite model and mark as ready for use
+  bool validate_and_mark_ready();
+
+  // Check if model is valid and ready for use
+  bool is_valid() const { return this->valid_; }
+
+  // Get size of model data
+  size_t size() const { return this->size_; }
+
+  // Check if memory is allocated
+  bool is_allocated() const { return this->data_ != nullptr; }
+
+ protected:
+  // Deallocate memory
+  void deallocate_();
+
+  uint8_t *data_{nullptr};
+  size_t size_{0};
+  bool valid_{false};
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{RAMAllocator<uint8_t>::NONE};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::micro_wake_word
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp
index 1cdc06b352..72984f04fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ void VADModel::log_model_config() {
 }
 
 bool StreamingModel::load_model_() {
+  if (this->model_start_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Streaming model has no data to load");
+    return false;
+  }
+
   RAMAllocator<uint8_t> arena_allocator;
 
   if (this->var_arena_ == nullptr) {
@@ -188,6 +193,13 @@ void StreamingModel::unload_model() {
 }
 
 bool StreamingModel::perform_streaming_inference(const int8_t features[PREPROCESSOR_FEATURE_SIZE]) {
+  if (this->model_start_ == nullptr) {
+    // No usable model data, and that cannot change for this object. Skip the model instead of reporting a
+    // failure, because a false return here stops the inference task for every other model too.
+    this->enabled_ = false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
   if (this->enabled_ && !this->loaded_) {
     // Model is enabled but isn't loaded
     if (!this->load_model_()) {
@@ -269,6 +281,41 @@ WakeWordModel::WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, const uint8_t *model_start,
   }
 };
 
+WakeWordModel::WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, std::shared_ptr<ModelData> model_data,
+                             uint8_t default_probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_average_size,
+                             const std::string &wake_word, std::vector<std::string> trained_languages,
+                             size_t tensor_arena_size) {
+  this->id_ = id;
+  this->model_data_ = std::move(model_data);
+  // Callers are expected to pass a validated buffer, so this is normally the stable model pointer. Tolerate a
+  // null or unvalidated handle rather than dereferencing it blindly: model_start_ stays null and the model is
+  // never loaded.
+  this->model_start_ = this->model_data_ ? this->model_data_->get_model_pointer() : nullptr;
+  if (this->model_start_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Model '%s' has no valid data and will not be loaded", id.c_str());
+  }
+  this->default_probability_cutoff_ = default_probability_cutoff;
+  this->probability_cutoff_ = default_probability_cutoff;
+  this->sliding_window_size_ = sliding_window_average_size;
+  this->recent_streaming_probabilities_.resize(sliding_window_average_size, 0);
+  this->wake_word_ = wake_word;
+  this->trained_languages_ = std::move(trained_languages);
+  this->tensor_arena_size_ = tensor_arena_size;
+  this->register_streaming_ops_(this->streaming_op_resolver_);
+  this->current_stride_step_ = 0;
+  this->internal_only_ = false;  // Runtime models are always exposed to Home Assistant
+
+  this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<bool>(fnv1_hash(id));
+  bool enabled;
+  if (this->pref_.load(&enabled)) {
+    // Use the enabled state loaded from flash
+    this->enabled_ = enabled;
+  } else {
+    // No saved state: stay disabled. The activation flow calls enable() explicitly after adding.
+    this->enabled_ = false;
+  }
+};
+
 void WakeWordModel::enable() {
   this->enabled_ = true;
   if (!this->internal_only_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.h b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.h
index 07ba78d1f4..1cb9d6eba5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.h
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include "preprocessor_settings.h"
+#include "model_data.h"
 
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <tensorflow/lite/core/c/common.h>
 #include <tensorflow/lite/micro/micro_interpreter.h>
 #include <tensorflow/lite/micro/micro_mutable_op_resolver.h>
@@ -27,6 +29,10 @@ struct DetectionEvent {
 
 class StreamingModel {
  public:
+  // Runtime models are heap owned and destroyed while the device is running, so freeing the arenas cannot
+  // depend on the owner calling unload_model() first. unload_model() is not virtual and is safe to repeat.
+  virtual ~StreamingModel() { this->unload_model(); }
+
   virtual void log_model_config() = 0;
   virtual DetectionEvent determine_detected() = 0;
 
@@ -51,6 +57,9 @@ class StreamingModel {
   /// @brief Return true if the model is enabled.
   bool is_enabled() const { return this->enabled_; }
 
+  /// @brief Return true if the model has usable data. A model without it can never be loaded or run.
+  bool has_model_data() const { return this->model_start_ != nullptr; }
+
   bool get_unprocessed_probability_status() const { return this->unprocessed_probability_status_; }
 
   // Quantized probability cutoffs mapping 0.0 - 1.0 to 0 - 255
@@ -86,7 +95,7 @@ class StreamingModel {
   size_t tensor_arena_size_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> recent_streaming_probabilities_;
 
-  const uint8_t *model_start_;
+  const uint8_t *model_start_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *tensor_arena_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *var_arena_{nullptr};
   std::unique_ptr<tflite::MicroInterpreter> interpreter_;
@@ -96,7 +105,7 @@ class StreamingModel {
 
 class WakeWordModel final : public StreamingModel {
  public:
-  /// @brief Constructs a wake word model object
+  /// @brief Constructs a wake word model object with compile-time model data
   /// @param id (std::string) identifier for this model
   /// @param model_start (const uint8_t *) pointer to the start of the model's TFLite FlatBuffer
   /// @param default_probability_cutoff (uint8_t) probability cutoff for acceping the wake word has been said
@@ -110,6 +119,23 @@ class WakeWordModel final : public StreamingModel {
                 size_t sliding_window_average_size, const std::string &wake_word, size_t tensor_arena_size,
                 bool default_enabled, bool internal_only);
 
+  /// @brief Constructs a wake word model object with a runtime-downloaded model
+  /// @param id (std::string) identifier for this model
+  /// @param model_data (std::shared_ptr<ModelData>) owning handle to the downloaded model buffer; must be valid
+  /// @param default_probability_cutoff (uint8_t) probability cutoff for acceping the wake word has been said
+  /// @param sliding_window_average_size (size_t) the length of the sliding window computing the mean rolling
+  ///                                    probability
+  /// @param wake_word (std::string) Friendly name of the wake word
+  /// @param trained_languages (std::vector<std::string>) Languages the model was trained on
+  /// @param tensor_arena_size (size_t) Size in bytes for allocating the tensor arena
+  WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, std::shared_ptr<ModelData> model_data, uint8_t default_probability_cutoff,
+                size_t sliding_window_average_size, const std::string &wake_word,
+                std::vector<std::string> trained_languages, size_t tensor_arena_size);
+
+  // model_data_ is a member of this class, so it is destroyed before ~StreamingModel() runs. Unload here, while
+  // the buffer is still alive, so the interpreter is never torn down over freed model data.
+  ~WakeWordModel() override { this->unload_model(); }
+
   void log_model_config() override;
 
   /// @brief Checks for the wake word by comparing the mean probability in the sliding window with the probability
@@ -132,6 +158,10 @@ class WakeWordModel final : public StreamingModel {
   bool get_internal_only() { return this->internal_only_; }
 
  protected:
+  // Kept for runtime-downloaded models so the model buffer stays alive for the model's lifetime.
+  // Null for compiled-in models (their data lives in flash).
+  std::shared_ptr<ModelData> model_data_;
+
   std::string id_;
   std::string wake_word_;
   std::vector<std::string> trained_languages_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
index b462352229..ff06d0b913 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jorre05", "@edenhaus"]
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ def MICRONOVA_ADDRESS_SCHEMA(
     default_memory_location: int | None = None,
     default_memory_address: int | None = None,
     is_polling_component: bool,
-):
+) -> cv.Schema:
     location_key = (
         cv.Optional(CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION, default=default_memory_location)
         if default_memory_location is not None
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ def register_micronova_writer() -> None:
     _get_data().has_writer = True
 
 
-async def to_code_micronova_listener(mv, var, config):
+async def to_code_micronova_listener(
+    mv: MockObj, var: MockObj, config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     _get_data().listener_count += 1
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_memory_location(config[CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION]))
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ async def to_code_micronova_listener(mv, var, config):
     cg.add(mv.register_micronova_listener(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     enable_rx_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_ENABLE_RX_PIN])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], enable_rx_pin)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
index 63b127e63d..68b5b9aca6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MEMORY_ADDRESS,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if custom_button_config := config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_BUTTON):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
index bcc972c5a9..d33bb150ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_STEP, DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE, UNIT_CELSIUS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if thermostat_temperature_config := config.get(CONF_THERMOSTAT_TEMPERATURE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py
index e53c49aca5..6091718d65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_REVOLUTIONS_PER_MINUTE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     for key, divisor in {
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
index e149ee3ce3..1f57497ad7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if stove_config := config.get(CONF_STOVE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 33d0779eae..d6b94c437f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MICRONOVA_ID,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if stove_state_config := config.get(CONF_STOVE_STATE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py b/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
index 6b5ee8c3e1..9a3f5b43e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -12,8 +14,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_DATA,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@kahrendt"]
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ IsCapturingCondition = microphone_ns.class_(
 IsMutedCondition = microphone_ns.class_("IsMutedCondition", automation.Condition)
 
 
-async def setup_microphone_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_microphone_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_DATA, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ async def setup_microphone_core_(var, config):
         )
 
 
-async def register_microphone(var, config):
+async def register_microphone(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     await setup_microphone_core_(var, config)
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
     max_bits_per_sample: int = 16,
     min_channels: int = 1,
     max_channels: int = 1,
-):
+) -> cv.All:
     """Schema for a microphone source
 
     Components requesting microphone data should use this schema instead of accessing a microphone directly.
@@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
       max_channels (int, optional): Maximum number of channels the requesting component supports. Defaults to 1.
     """
 
-    def _validate_unique_channels(config):
+    def _validate_unique_channels(config: list[int]) -> list[int]:
         if len(config) != len(set(config)):
             raise cv.Invalid("Channels must be unique")
         return config
@@ -124,7 +128,7 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
 
 def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
     component_name: str, sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED
-):
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
     """Validates that the microphone source can provide audio in the correct format. In particular it validates the sample rate and the enabled channels.
 
     Note that:
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
         sample_rate (int, optional): The sample rate the component requesting mic audio requires
     """
 
-    def _validate_audio_compatability(config):
+    def _validate_audio_compatability(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         if sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             # Issues require changing the microphone configuration
             #  - Verifies sample rates match
@@ -161,7 +165,9 @@ def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
     return _validate_audio_compatability
 
 
-async def microphone_source_to_code(config, passive=False):
+async def microphone_source_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType, passive: bool = False
+) -> MockObj:
     """Creates a MicrophoneSource variable for codegen.
 
     Setting passive to true makes the MicrophoneSource never start/stop the microphone, but only receives audio when another component has actively started the Microphone. If false, then the microphone needs to be explicitly started/stopped.
@@ -183,7 +189,12 @@ async def microphone_source_to_code(config, passive=False):
     return mic_source
 
 
-async def microphone_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def microphone_action(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -219,6 +230,6 @@ automation.register_condition(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(microphone_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_MICROPHONE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/microphone/automation.h b/esphome/components/microphone/automation.h
index 1dfd91f903..c28616a290 100644
--- a/esphome/components/microphone/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/microphone/automation.h
@@ -7,34 +7,34 @@
 
 namespace esphome::microphone {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class CaptureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
+template<typename... Ts> class CaptureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopCaptureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopCaptureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MuteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MuteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mute_state(true); }
 };
-template<typename... Ts> class UnmuteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UnmuteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mute_state(false); }
 };
 
-class DataTrigger : public Trigger<const std::vector<uint8_t> &> {
+class DataTrigger final : public Trigger<const std::vector<uint8_t> &> {
  public:
   explicit DataTrigger(Microphone *mic) {
     mic->add_data_callback([this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { this->trigger(data); });
   }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsCapturingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsCapturingCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsMutedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsMutedCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->get_mute_state(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h b/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h
index c3c675e854..7be3b8cdb5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h
+++ b/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace esphome::microphone {
 
 static const int32_t MAX_GAIN_FACTOR = 64;
 
-class MicrophoneSource {
+class MicrophoneSource final {
   /*
    * @brief Helper class that handles converting raw microphone data to a requested format.
    * Components requesting microphone audio should register a callback through this class instead of registering a
diff --git a/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.h b/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.h
index 4f8b970f06..d8c422808a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mics_4514 {
 
-class MICS4514Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MICS4514Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   SUB_SENSOR(carbon_monoxide)
   SUB_SENSOR(nitrogen_dioxide)
   SUB_SENSOR(methane)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py
index 09329ebfcf..3ba560c781 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mics_4514/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.cpp b/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.cpp
index 2f4ef5c948..30771d25ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "ac_adapter.h"
@@ -172,4 +172,4 @@ void Converters::to_climate_traits(ClimateTraits &traits, const dudanov::midea::
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea::ac
 
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.h b/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.h
index a7924ae51e..4a888ee8ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 
 // MideaUART
 #include <Appliance/AirConditioner/AirConditioner.h>
@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ class Converters {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea::ac
 
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/ac_automations.h b/esphome/components/midea/ac_automations.h
index acd9191916..9572ec6c65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/ac_automations.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/ac_automations.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "air_conditioner.h"
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PowerToggleAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...>
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea::ac
 
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp b/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp
index 7603dd5254..24bbfe76b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -197,4 +197,4 @@ void AirConditioner::do_display_toggle() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea::ac
 
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.h b/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.h
index 6ed5a82ff5..9977d2088f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 
 // MideaUART
 #include <Appliance/AirConditioner/AirConditioner.h>
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ using climate::ClimateModeMask;
 using climate::ClimateSwingModeMask;
 using climate::ClimatePresetMask;
 
-class AirConditioner : public ApplianceBase<dudanov::midea::ac::AirConditioner>, public climate::Climate {
+class AirConditioner final : public ApplianceBase<dudanov::midea::ac::AirConditioner>, public climate::Climate {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_outdoor_temperature_sensor(Sensor *sensor) { this->outdoor_sensor_ = sensor; }
@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ class AirConditioner : public ApplianceBase<dudanov::midea::ac::AirConditioner>,
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea::ac
 
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h b/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h
index d36f5a322c..bce433394b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 
 // MideaUART
 #include <Appliance/ApplianceBase.h>
 #include <Helpers/Logger.h>
+#include <Helpers/Platform.h>
 
 // Include global defines
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -17,6 +18,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::midea {
 
+// Mirrors the ARDUINO switch in MideaUART Helpers/Platform.h: these types
+// exist in the dudanov namespace exactly when the library is not on Arduino
+#ifndef ARDUINO
+using dudanov::Stream;
+using dudanov::String;
+#endif
+
 /* Stream from UART component */
 class UARTStream : public Stream {
  public:
@@ -99,4 +107,4 @@ template<typename T> class ApplianceBase : public Component {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea
 
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/climate.py b/esphome/components/midea/climate.py
index 4a75464b90..0e03bca233 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/climate.py
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_POWER,
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
     ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
@@ -151,7 +153,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     )
     .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
-    cv.only_with_arduino,
+    cv.only_on(
+        [
+            PLATFORM_ESP32,
+            PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
 
 # Actions
@@ -297,7 +304,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CONF_HUMIDITY_SETPOINT in config:
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_HUMIDITY_SETPOINT])
         cg.add(var.set_humidity_setpoint_sensor(sens))
-    # MideaUART library requires WiFi (WiFi auto-enables Network via dependency mapping)
-    if CORE.is_esp32:
+    # MideaUART uses the Arduino WiFi API for the network-notify frame
+    # (WiFi auto-enables Network via dependency mapping). On ESP-IDF the
+    # library talks to esp_wifi directly, so no library entry is needed.
+    if CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino:
         cg.add_library("WiFi", None)
-    cg.add_library("dudanov/MideaUART", "1.1.9")
+    # Using the repository until a release containing ESP-IDF support is published
+    cg.add_library(
+        name="MideaUART",
+        version=None,
+        repository="https://github.com/dudanov/MideaUART.git#eeea6c3e9b4474f067054592b435be1c4e466815",
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/ir_transmitter.h b/esphome/components/midea/ir_transmitter.h
index f11682230d..e54df1fd70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/ir_transmitter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/ir_transmitter.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+#if (defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)) || defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
 #ifdef USE_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER
 #include "esphome/components/remote_base/midea_protocol.h"
 
@@ -85,5 +85,5 @@ class IrTransmitter {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::midea
 
-#endif
-#endif  // USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO || USE_ESP_IDF
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py b/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py
index cbf5fae6fe..84bfeab0d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/midea_ir/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir", "coolix"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@dudanov"]
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(MideaIR).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.h b/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.h
index dd883172d4..e89eaf0110 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ const uint8_t MIDEA_TEMPC_MAX = 30;  // Celsius
 const uint8_t MIDEA_TEMPF_MIN = 62;  // Fahrenheit
 const uint8_t MIDEA_TEMPF_MAX = 86;  // Fahrenheit
 
-class MideaIR : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
+class MideaIR final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
  public:
   MideaIR()
       : climate_ir::ClimateIR(
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py
index 1d6c8277e8..3f73f96327 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py
@@ -26,16 +26,22 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT,
     CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH,
     CONF_PAGES,
+    CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_ROTATION,
     CONF_SWAP_XY,
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriod
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 
 LOGGER = cv.logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+CONF_TRANSFORMS = "transforms"
+
+# All axis transforms a model may support, in the order they appear in the schema.
+ALL_TRANSFORMS = (CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y, CONF_SWAP_XY)
+
 ColorOrder = display_ns.enum("ColorMode")
 
 NOP = 0x00
@@ -302,7 +308,8 @@ class DriverChip:
     """
     A class representing a MIPI DBI driver chip model.
     The parameters supplied as defaults will be used to provide default values for the display configuration.
-    Setting swap_xy to cv.UNDEFINED will indicate that the model does not support swapping X and Y axes.
+    Pass a ``transforms`` set to restrict which axis transforms (mirror_x, mirror_y, swap_xy) the model
+    supports; by default all three are available.
     """
 
     models: dict[str, Self] = {}
@@ -387,11 +394,15 @@ class DriverChip:
         """
         Return the available transforms for this model.
         """
+        if (transforms := self.get_default(CONF_TRANSFORMS, None)) is not None:
+            return transforms
         if self.get_default("no_transform", False):
             return set()
         if self.get_default(CONF_SWAP_XY) != cv.UNDEFINED:
             return {CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y, CONF_SWAP_XY}
-        return {CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y}
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Setting 'swap_xy' to 'cv.UNDEFINED' is no longer supported; set 'transforms' instead"
+        )
 
     def has_hardware_transform(self, config) -> bool:
         """
@@ -533,17 +544,31 @@ class DriverChip:
         transform[CONF_TRANSFORM] = self.rotation_as_transform(config)
         return transform
 
-    def swap_xy_schema(self):
-        uses_swap = self.get_default(CONF_SWAP_XY, None) != cv.UNDEFINED
+    def transform_schema(self):
+        """
+        Build the schema for the ``transform`` config option of this model.
 
-        def validator(value):
-            if value:
-                raise cv.Invalid("Axis swapping not supported by this model")
-            return cv.boolean(value)
+        Each transform the model supports is a required boolean. A transform the model does not
+        support may be omitted or set to ``false``; setting it to ``true`` reports a clear error
+        naming the unsupported transform instead of a generic "extra keys not allowed".
+        """
+        supported = self.transforms
 
-        if uses_swap:
-            return {cv.Required(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.boolean}
-        return {cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY, default=False): validator}
+        def unsupported(name):
+            def validator(value):
+                if cv.boolean(value):
+                    raise cv.Invalid(f"'{name}' is not supported by this model")
+                return False
+
+            return validator
+
+        schema = {}
+        for name in ALL_TRANSFORMS:
+            if name in supported:
+                schema[cv.Required(name)] = cv.boolean
+            else:
+                schema[cv.Optional(name, default=False)] = unsupported(name)
+        return cv.Any(cv.Schema(schema), cv.one_of(CONF_DISABLED, lower=True))
 
     def get_madctl(self, transform: dict, config: dict) -> int:
         """
@@ -577,12 +602,15 @@ class DriverChip:
         """
         return self.get_default(f"no_{command.lower()}", False)
 
-    def get_sequence(self, config, add_madctl=True) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    def get_sequence(self, config, add_madctl=True, add_reset=False) -> tuple[int, ...]:
         """
         Create the init sequence for the display.
         Use the default sequence from the model, if any, and append any custom sequence provided in the config.
         Append SLPOUT (if not already in the sequence) and DISPON to the end of the sequence
         MADCTL will be set if add_madctl is True
+        If add_reset is True, a reset is prepended: a software reset when no reset pin
+        is configured (and the model doesn't skip it), followed by a settling delay that
+        both a software and a hardware reset require.
         Returns the init sequence
         """
         sequence = list(self.initsequence or ())
@@ -591,6 +619,15 @@ class DriverChip:
         # Ensure each command is a tuple
         sequence = [x if isinstance(x, tuple) else (x,) for x in sequence]
 
+        if add_reset:
+            reset: list = []
+            # A software reset is only needed when there is no hardware reset pin.
+            if CONF_RESET_PIN not in config and not self.skip_command("SWRESET"):
+                reset.append((SWRESET,))
+            # Both a software and a hardware reset need a settling delay before further commands.
+            reset.append(delay(10))
+            sequence = reset + sequence
+
         # Set pixel format if not already in the custom sequence
         pixel_mode = config[CONF_PIXEL_MODE]
         if not isinstance(pixel_mode, int):
@@ -611,13 +648,47 @@ class DriverChip:
             sequence.append((BRIGHTNESS, brightness))
         # Add a SLPOUT command if required.
         if not self.skip_command("SLPOUT"):
+            # A zero delay will delay until 120ms after reset
+            sequence.append(delay(0))
             sequence.append((SLPOUT,))
+            sequence.append(delay(10))
         sequence.append((DISPON,))
+        # Add a delay here because additional commands may be added after this at runtime.
+        sequence.append(delay(10))
 
         # Flatten the sequence into a list of bytes, with the length of each command
         # or the delay flag inserted where needed
         return flatten_sequence(sequence)
 
+    def check_requirements(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Raise a friendly error if any component this model requires is not configured.
+
+        This runs during schema validation (before ID references are resolved) so that a
+        model whose default pins live on a pin expander reports the missing expander clearly
+        instead of a cryptic "Couldn't find ID" from the unresolved pin reference.
+
+        Also logs a warning if the model is deprecated.
+        """
+        if deprecation_reason := self.get_default("deprecation_reason"):
+            LOGGER.warning(
+                "Display model %s is deprecated: %s", self.name, deprecation_reason
+            )
+        if requirements := self.get_default("requires", set()):
+            # ``raw_config`` is populated before any component schema runs during a real
+            # validation, so presence of a required component is simply a top-level key.
+            # When it is absent (e.g. a unit test that invokes the schema directly) there
+            # is no config to check against, so skip.
+            global_config = CORE.raw_config
+            if global_config is None:
+                return
+            missing = {x for x in requirements if x not in global_config}
+            if missing:
+                reqstr = ", ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in sorted(missing))
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"{self.name} requires component{'s' if len(missing) > 1 else ''} {reqstr} to be configured"
+                )
+
 
 def requires_buffer(config) -> bool:
     """
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
index 896140b4b1..b23982655a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
@@ -41,24 +41,22 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AUTO_CLEAR_ENABLED,
     CONF_COLOR_ORDER,
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
-    CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
     CONF_INVERT_COLORS,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
-    CONF_MIRROR_X,
-    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_ROTATION,
-    CONF_SWAP_XY,
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import mipi_dsi_ns, models
+from .models import DsiDriverChip
 
 # Currently only ESP32-P4 is supported, so esp_ldo and psram are required
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32", "esp_ldo", "psram"]
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ ColorBitness = display.display_ns.enum("ColorBitness")
 CONF_LANE_BIT_RATE = "lane_bit_rate"
 CONF_LANES = "lanes"
 
-DriverChip("CUSTOM")
+DsiDriverChip("CUSTOM")
 
 # Import all models dynamically from the models package
 
@@ -88,21 +86,9 @@ COLOR_DEPTHS = {
 }
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.All:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
-    model.defaults[CONF_SWAP_XY] = cv.UNDEFINED
-    transform = cv.Any(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
-                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.invalid(
-                    "Axis swapping not supported by DSI displays"
-                ),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.one_of(CONF_DISABLED, lower=True),
-    )
+    transform = model.transform_schema()
     # CUSTOM model will need to provide a custom init sequence
     iseqconf = (
         cv.Required(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE)
@@ -163,7 +149,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema)
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
@@ -172,6 +158,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
     )(config)
     config = model_schema(config)(config)
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
+    model.check_requirements()
     width, height, _offset_width, _offset_height, _pad_width, _pad_height = (
         model.get_dimensions(config)
     )
@@ -189,7 +176,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
@@ -197,14 +184,13 @@ def _final_validate(config):
     if not requires_buffer(config) and LVGL_DOMAIN not in global_config:
         # If no drawing methods are configured, and LVGL is not enabled, show a test card
         config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
-    return config
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     color_depth = COLOR_DEPTHS[get_color_depth(config)]
     pixel_mode = int(config[CONF_PIXEL_MODE].removesuffix("bit"))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h
index c99f69989a..7bf2feb73c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const uint8_t MADCTL_MV = 0x20;     // row/column swap
 const uint8_t MADCTL_XFLIP = 0x02;  // Mirror the display horizontally
 const uint8_t MADCTL_YFLIP = 0x01;  // Mirror the display vertically
 
-class MipiDsi : public display::Display {
+class MipiDsi final : public display::Display {
  public:
   MipiDsi(size_t width, size_t height, display::ColorBitness color_depth, uint8_t pixel_mode)
       : width_(width), height_(height), color_depth_(color_depth), pixel_mode_(pixel_mode) {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..3f7f8370a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
+from esphome.const import CONF_SWAP_XY
+
+
+class DsiDriverChip(DriverChip):
+    """A driver chip for MIPI DSI displays."""
+
+    @property
+    def transforms(self) -> set[str]:
+        """
+        Return the set of transformations supported by this driver chip.
+        DSI displays do not support axis swapping, so this method removes CONF_SWAP_XY
+        """
+        return super().transforms - {CONF_SWAP_XY}
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/guition.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/guition.py
index db13c7f6cc..914361a4ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/guition.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/guition.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from . import DsiDriverChip
 
 # fmt: off
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "JC1060P470",
     width=1024,
     height=600,
@@ -14,7 +13,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=12,
     pclk_frequency="54MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="750Mbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0x30, 0x00), (0xF7, 0x49, 0x61, 0x02, 0x00), (0x30, 0x01), (0x04, 0x0C), (0x05, 0x00), (0x06, 0x00),
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ DriverChip(
 # * Horizontal Timing (hsync_pulse_width=12, hsync_back_porch=42, hsync_front_porch=42)
 # * Vertical Timing (vsync_pulse_width=2, vsync_back_porch=8, vsync_front_porch=166)
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "JC4880P443",
     width=480,
     height=800,
@@ -58,7 +56,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=166,
     pclk_frequency="34MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="500Mbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     reset_pin=5,
     initsequence=[
@@ -111,7 +108,7 @@ DriverChip(
 # * Horizontal Timing (hsync_pulse_width=20, hsync_back_porch=20, hsync_front_porch=40)
 # * Vertical Timing (vsync_pulse_width=4, vsync_back_porch=8, vsync_front_porch=20)
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "JC8012P4A1",
     width=800,
     height=1280,
@@ -123,7 +120,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=20,
     pclk_frequency="60MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="1Gbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     reset_pin=27,
     initsequence=[
@@ -322,4 +318,232 @@ DriverChip(
         (0xE0, 0x00),
     ]
 )
+
+# JC8012P4A1 V2 Driver Configuration (jd9365)
+# Some units of this model have a different LCD panel but still use the same JD9365 driver chip.
+# Using parameters from esp_lcd_jd9365.h and the working full init sequence
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# * Resolution: 800x1280
+# * PCLK Frequency: 70 MHz
+# * DSI Lane Bit Rate: 1.5 Gbps (using 2-Lane DSI configuration)
+# * Horizontal Timing (hsync_pulse_width=20, hsync_back_porch=20, hsync_front_porch=40)
+# * Vertical Timing (vsync_pulse_width=4, vsync_back_porch=10, vsync_front_porch=20)
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DsiDriverChip(
+    "JC8012P4A1-V2",
+    width=800,
+    height=1280,
+    hsync_back_porch=20,
+    hsync_pulse_width=20,
+    hsync_front_porch=40,
+    vsync_back_porch=10,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_front_porch=20,
+    pclk_frequency="70MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="1500Mbps",
+    color_order="RGB",
+    reset_pin=27,
+    initsequence=[
+        (0xE0, 0x00),
+        (0xE1, 0x93),
+        (0xE2, 0x65),
+        (0xE3, 0xF8),
+        (0x80, 0x01),
+        (0xE0, 0x01),
+        (0x00, 0x00),
+        (0x01, 0x44),
+        (0x03, 0x10),
+        (0x04, 0x38),
+        (0x0C, 0x74),
+        (0x17, 0x00),
+        (0x18, 0xAF),
+        (0x19, 0x00),
+        (0x1A, 0x00),
+        (0x1B, 0xAF),
+        (0x1C, 0x00),
+        (0x35, 0x26),
+        (0x37, 0x09),
+        (0x38, 0x04),
+        (0x39, 0x00),
+        (0x3A, 0x01),
+        (0x3C, 0x78),
+        (0x3D, 0xFF),
+        (0x3E, 0xFF),
+        (0x3F, 0x7F),
+        (0x40, 0x06),
+        (0x41, 0xA0),
+        (0x42, 0x81),
+        (0x43, 0x1E),
+        (0x44, 0x0D),
+        (0x45, 0x28),
+        (0x55, 0x02),
+        (0x57, 0x69),
+        (0x59, 0x0A),
+        (0x5A, 0x2A),
+        (0x5B, 0x17),
+        (0x5D, 0x7F),
+        (0x5E, 0x6B),
+        (0x5F, 0x5C),
+        (0x60, 0x50),
+        (0x61, 0x4C),
+        (0x62, 0x3E),
+        (0x63, 0x41),
+        (0x64, 0x2B),
+        (0x65, 0x43),
+        (0x66, 0x42),
+        (0x67, 0x43),
+        (0x68, 0x62),
+        (0x69, 0x52),
+        (0x6A, 0x5A),
+        (0x6B, 0x4C),
+        (0x6C, 0x48),
+        (0x6D, 0x3A),
+        (0x6E, 0x28),
+        (0x6F, 0x10),
+        (0x70, 0x7F),
+        (0x71, 0x6B),
+        (0x72, 0x5C),
+        (0x73, 0x50),
+        (0x74, 0x4C),
+        (0x75, 0x3E),
+        (0x76, 0x41),
+        (0x77, 0x2B),
+        (0x78, 0x43),
+        (0x79, 0x42),
+        (0x7A, 0x43),
+        (0x7B, 0x62),
+        (0x7C, 0x52),
+        (0x7D, 0x5A),
+        (0x7E, 0x4C),
+        (0x7F, 0x48),
+        (0x80, 0x3A),
+        (0x81, 0x28),
+        (0x82, 0x10),
+        (0xE0, 0x02),
+        (0x00, 0x42),
+        (0x01, 0x42),
+        (0x02, 0x40),
+        (0x03, 0x40),
+        (0x04, 0x5E),
+        (0x05, 0x5E),
+        (0x06, 0x5F),
+        (0x07, 0x5F),
+        (0x08, 0x5F),
+        (0x09, 0x57),
+        (0x0A, 0x57),
+        (0x0B, 0x77),
+        (0x0C, 0x77),
+        (0x0D, 0x47),
+        (0x0E, 0x47),
+        (0x0F, 0x45),
+        (0x10, 0x45),
+        (0x11, 0x4B),
+        (0x12, 0x4B),
+        (0x13, 0x49),
+        (0x14, 0x49),
+        (0x15, 0x5F),
+        (0x16, 0x41),
+        (0x17, 0x41),
+        (0x18, 0x40),
+        (0x19, 0x40),
+        (0x1A, 0x5E),
+        (0x1B, 0x5E),
+        (0x1C, 0x5F),
+        (0x1D, 0x5F),
+        (0x1E, 0x5F),
+        (0x1F, 0x57),
+        (0x20, 0x57),
+        (0x21, 0x77),
+        (0x22, 0x77),
+        (0x23, 0x46),
+        (0x24, 0x46),
+        (0x25, 0x44),
+        (0x26, 0x44),
+        (0x27, 0x4A),
+        (0x28, 0x4A),
+        (0x29, 0x48),
+        (0x2A, 0x48),
+        (0x2B, 0x5F),
+        (0x2C, 0x01),
+        (0x2D, 0x01),
+        (0x2E, 0x00),
+        (0x2F, 0x00),
+        (0x30, 0x1F),
+        (0x31, 0x1F),
+        (0x32, 0x1E),
+        (0x33, 0x1E),
+        (0x34, 0x1F),
+        (0x35, 0x17),
+        (0x36, 0x17),
+        (0x37, 0x37),
+        (0x38, 0x37),
+        (0x39, 0x08),
+        (0x3A, 0x08),
+        (0x3B, 0x0A),
+        (0x3C, 0x0A),
+        (0x3D, 0x04),
+        (0x3E, 0x04),
+        (0x3F, 0x06),
+        (0x40, 0x06),
+        (0x41, 0x1F),
+        (0x42, 0x02),
+        (0x43, 0x02),
+        (0x44, 0x00),
+        (0x45, 0x00),
+        (0x46, 0x1F),
+        (0x47, 0x1F),
+        (0x48, 0x1E),
+        (0x49, 0x1E),
+        (0x4A, 0x1F),
+        (0x4B, 0x17),
+        (0x4C, 0x17),
+        (0x4D, 0x37),
+        (0x4E, 0x37),
+        (0x4F, 0x09),
+        (0x50, 0x09),
+        (0x51, 0x0B),
+        (0x52, 0x0B),
+        (0x53, 0x05),
+        (0x54, 0x05),
+        (0x55, 0x07),
+        (0x56, 0x07),
+        (0x57, 0x1F),
+        (0x58, 0x40),
+        (0x5B, 0x30),
+        (0x5C, 0x00),
+        (0x5D, 0x34),
+        (0x5E, 0x05),
+        (0x5F, 0x02),
+        (0x63, 0x00),
+        (0x64, 0x6A),
+        (0x67, 0x73),
+        (0x68, 0x07),
+        (0x69, 0x08),
+        (0x6A, 0x6A),
+        (0x6B, 0x08),
+        (0x6C, 0x00),
+        (0x6D, 0x00),
+        (0x6E, 0x00),
+        (0x6F, 0x88),
+        (0x75, 0xFF),
+        (0x77, 0xDD),
+        (0x78, 0x2C),
+        (0x79, 0x15),
+        (0x7A, 0x17),
+        (0x7D, 0x14),
+        (0x7E, 0x82),
+        (0xE0, 0x04),
+        (0x00, 0x0E),
+        (0x02, 0xB3),
+        (0x09, 0x60),
+        (0x0E, 0x48),
+        (0x37, 0x58),
+        (0x2B, 0x0F),
+        (0xE0, 0x05),
+        (0x15, 0x1D),
+        (0xE0, 0x00),
+        (0xE6, 0x02),
+        (0xE7, 0x0C)
+    ]
+)
 # fmt: on
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/m5stack.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/m5stack.py
index 53fac9b534..5b07229ec7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/m5stack.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/m5stack.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from . import DsiDriverChip
 
 # fmt: off
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "M5STACK-TAB5",
     height=1280,
     width=720,
@@ -14,7 +13,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=20,
     pclk_frequency="60MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="730Mbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0xFF, 0x98, 0x81, 0x01),  # Select Page 1
@@ -56,8 +54,8 @@ DriverChip(
     ],
 )
 
-DriverChip(
-    "M5STACK-TAB5-V2",
+TAB5_ST7123 = DsiDriverChip(
+    "M5STACK-TAB5-ST7123",
     height=1280,
     width=720,
     hsync_back_porch=40,
@@ -68,7 +66,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=220,
     pclk_frequency="80MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="960Mbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0x01,),
@@ -97,3 +94,58 @@ DriverChip(
         (0xC9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x1F, 0x36, 0x00, 0x5D, 0x04, 0x9D, 0x05, 0x10, 0xF2, 0x06, 0x60, 0x03, 0x11, 0xAD, 0x00, 0xEF, 0x01, 0x22, 0x2E, 0x0E, 0x74, 0x08, 0x32, 0xDC, 0x09, 0x33, 0x0F, 0xF3, 0x77, 0x0D, 0xB0, 0xDC, 0x03, 0xFF),
     ],
 )
+
+TAB5_ST7123.extend(
+    "M5STACK-TAB5-V2",
+    deprecation_reason="Use 'M5STACK-TAB5-ST7123' or 'M5STACK-TAB5-ST7121' instead."
+)
+
+# Some Tab5 "v2" units ship with an ST7121 controller instead of the ST7123.
+# The two are distinguishable at runtime by the touch controller firmware version (the M5
+# factory firmware branches on it), but ESPHome selects the panel at compile time, so ST7121
+# units must select this model explicitly. Values taken from M5's factory source
+# (m5stack/M5Tab5-UserDemo: m5stack_tab5.c is_st7121 path + esp_lcd_st7121.c default table).
+DsiDriverChip(
+    "M5STACK-TAB5-ST7121",
+    height=1280,
+    width=720,
+    hsync_back_porch=40,
+    hsync_pulse_width=2,
+    hsync_front_porch=40,
+    vsync_back_porch=24,
+    vsync_pulse_width=20,
+    vsync_front_porch=200,
+    pclk_frequency="70MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="965Mbps",
+    color_order="RGB",
+    initsequence=[
+        (0x01,),
+        (0x60, 0x71, 0x21, 0xA2),
+        (0x60, 0x71, 0x21, 0xA3),
+        (0x60, 0x71, 0x21, 0xA4),
+        (0x78, 0x21),
+        (0x79, 0xEF),
+        (0xA4, 0x31),
+        (0xB7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0x44, 0x1A),
+        (0xB0, 0x22, 0x6B, 0x11, 0x89, 0x25, 0x43, 0x43),
+        (0xBF, 0xA7, 0xA7),
+        (0xA5, 0xF0, 0x03),
+        (0xD7, 0x10, 0x2C, 0x14, 0x2A, 0x80, 0x80),
+        (0x90, 0x71, 0x23, 0x5A, 0x20, 0x24, 0x11, 0x21),
+        (0xA3, 0x80, 0x01, 0x8C, 0xFF, 0x45, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x5C, 0x1E, 0x80, 0x10, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x5C, 0x1E, 0x80, 0x10, 0xEF, 0x58, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF),
+        (0xA6, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x24, 0x71, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x24, 0x71, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x24, 0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x2C, 0x71, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x08, 0x80, 0x08, 0x80, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+        (0xA7, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0xC0, 0x64, 0x40, 0x04, 0x15, 0x40, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x80, 0x64, 0x40, 0x26, 0x37, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x80, 0x64, 0x40, 0x8C, 0x9D, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x80, 0x64, 0x40, 0xAE, 0xBF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x68, 0x68, 0x91, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x80, 0x79),
+        (0xAC, 0x1D, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1D, 0x18, 0x19, 0x04, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x08, 0x0A, 0x10, 0x12, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x14, 0x16, 0x00, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1D, 0x18, 0x19, 0x06, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x09, 0x0B, 0x11, 0x13, 0x0D, 0x0F, 0x15, 0x17, 0x02, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D),
+        (0xAD, 0x0C, 0x40, 0x46, 0x00, 0x07, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF0, 0x40, 0x0E, 0x01, 0x07, 0x42, 0x42, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF),
+        (0xAE, 0xF0, 0xFF, 0x03, 0xF0, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00),
+        (0xB2, 0x15, 0x19, 0x05, 0x23, 0x49, 0x2D, 0x03, 0x2E, 0x5C, 0xD2, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x60, 0xFD, 0x20, 0xC0, 0x00),
+        (0xE8, 0x20, 0x60, 0x04, 0x8E, 0x8E, 0x3E, 0x04, 0xDC, 0xDC, 0x3E, 0x06, 0xFA, 0x26, 0x3E),
+        (0x75, 0x03, 0x04),
+        (0xE7, 0x4B, 0x00, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x4B, 0x8C, 0x20, 0x1A, 0xF0, 0x7D, 0x14, 0x7D, 0x14, 0x7D, 0x14, 0x7D, 0x14, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x32, 0x30, 0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC8, 0x6A, 0xFF, 0x5A, 0x64, 0x38, 0x88, 0x15, 0xB1, 0x01, 0x01, 0x64, 0x01, 0x01, 0x7C, 0xFF, 0x1A, 0x51),
+        (0xE1, 0x0C, 0x0C),
+        (0xEA, 0x15, 0x00, 0x01),
+        (0xC8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x01, 0x39, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x78, 0x06, 0xE2, 0x02, 0x11, 0x33, 0x01, 0x7A, 0x0D, 0x21, 0xC4, 0x0B, 0x19, 0x08, 0x32, 0xA0, 0x08, 0x1A, 0x0A, 0xF3, 0x7F, 0x0E, 0xC5, 0xE8, 0x03, 0xFF),
+        (0xC9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x01, 0x39, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x78, 0x06, 0xE2, 0x02, 0x11, 0x33, 0x01, 0x7A, 0x0D, 0x21, 0xC4, 0x0B, 0x19, 0x08, 0x32, 0xA0, 0x08, 0x1A, 0x0A, 0xF3, 0x7F, 0x0E, 0xC5, 0xE8, 0x03, 0xFF),
+        (0x60, 0x71, 0x21, 0x00),
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py
index 290b0e07ee..84593b40e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from . import DsiDriverChip
 
 # Standalone display
 # Product page: https://www.seeedstudio.com/reTerminal-D1001-p-6729.html
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001",
     height=1280,
     width=800,
@@ -15,10 +14,10 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=30,
     pclk_frequency="80MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     enable_pin=[{"xl9535": None, "number": 0}, {"xl9535": None, "number": 7}],
     reset_pin={"xl9535": None, "number": 2},
+    requires={"psram", "xl9535"},
     initsequence=(
         (0xE0, 0x00),
         (0xE1, 0x93),
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
index c97a0bbd02..a1702fb6a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from . import DsiDriverChip
 
 # fmt: off
 
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365_10_1
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-Nano-StartPage
-JD9365_10_1_DSI_TOUCH_A = DriverChip(
+JD9365_10_1_DSI_TOUCH_A = DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-P4-NANO-10.1",
     height=1280,
     width=800,
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ JD9365_10_1_DSI_TOUCH_A = DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=30,
     pclk_frequency="80MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ JD9365_10_1_DSI_TOUCH_A.extend(
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/espressif/esp-iot-solution/tree/master/components/display/lcd/esp_lcd_st7703
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-86-Panel-ETH-2RO
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-P4-86-PANEL",
     height=720,
     width=720,
@@ -77,7 +75,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=20,
     pclk_frequency="38MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="480Mbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     reset_pin=27,
     initsequence=[
@@ -109,7 +106,7 @@ DriverChip(
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/espressif/esp-iot-solution/tree/master/components/display/lcd/esp_lcd_ek79007
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-7B
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-7B",
     height=600,
     width=1024,
@@ -139,7 +136,7 @@ DriverChip(
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-3.4C
-JD9365_3_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DriverChip(
+JD9365_3_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-3.4C",
     height=800,
     width=800,
@@ -151,7 +148,6 @@ JD9365_3_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=24,
     pclk_frequency="80MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@ JD9365_3_4_DSI_TOUCH_C.extend(
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-4C
-JD9365_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DriverChip(
+JD9365_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-4C",
     height=720,
     width=720,
@@ -209,7 +205,6 @@ JD9365_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=24,
     pclk_frequency="80MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
@@ -255,7 +250,7 @@ JD9365_4_DSI_TOUCH_C.extend(
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/8-DSI-TOUCH-A
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-8-DSI-TOUCH-A",
     height=1280,
     width=800,
@@ -267,7 +262,6 @@ DriverChip(
     vsync_front_porch=30,
     pclk_frequency="80MHz",
     lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
     color_order="RGB",
     initsequence=[
         (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
@@ -304,7 +298,7 @@ DriverChip(
 # Source for parameters and initsequence:
 #   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_ili9881c
 # Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/7-DSI-TOUCH-A
-DriverChip(
+DsiDriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-7-DSI-TOUCH-A",
     height=1280,
     width=720,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
index 1eacc31fc5..e23e19a000 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import importlib
 import pkgutil
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     CONF_HSYNC_BACK_PORCH,
     CONF_HSYNC_FRONT_PORCH,
     CONF_HSYNC_PULSE_WIDTH,
+    CONF_PCLK_FREQUENCY,
+    CONF_PCLK_INVERTED,
     CONF_PCLK_PIN,
     CONF_PIXEL_MODE,
     CONF_USE_AXIS_FLIPS,
@@ -34,9 +37,11 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     power_of_two,
     requires_buffer,
 )
-from esphome.components.rpi_dpi_rgb.display import (
-    CONF_PCLK_FREQUENCY,
-    CONF_PCLK_INVERTED,
+from esphome.components.spi import (
+    CONF_SPI_MODE,
+    SPI_DATA_RATE_SCHEMA,
+    SPI_MODE_OPTIONS,
+    SPIComponent,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -48,7 +53,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DATA_RATE,
     CONF_DC_PIN,
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
-    CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
     CONF_GREEN,
     CONF_HSYNC_PIN,
@@ -57,8 +61,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
     CONF_INVERT_COLORS,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
-    CONF_MIRROR_X,
-    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_RED,
@@ -71,11 +73,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from ..spi import CONF_SPI_MODE, SPI_DATA_RATE_SCHEMA, SPI_MODE_OPTIONS, SPIComponent
 from . import models
+from .models import RgbDriverChip
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32", "psram"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
 mipi_rgb_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mipi_rgb")
 mipi_rgb = mipi_rgb_ns.class_("MipiRgb", display.Display, cg.Component)
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ ColorOrder = display.display_ns.enum("ColorMode")
 
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
-DriverChip("CUSTOM")
+RgbDriverChip("CUSTOM")
 
 # Import all models dynamically from the models package
 
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ for module_info in pkgutil.iter_modules(models.__path__):
 MODELS = DriverChip.get_models()
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -111,25 +114,16 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> cv.All:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
     )
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.Schema:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
-    transform = cv.Any(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
-                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
-                **model.swap_xy_schema(),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.one_of(CONF_DISABLED, lower=True),
-    )
+    transform = model.transform_schema()
     # RPI model does not use an init sequence, indicates with empty list
     if model.initsequence is None:
         # Custom model requires an init sequence
@@ -221,7 +215,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema)
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
@@ -235,6 +229,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
         only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4]),
     )(config)
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
+    model.check_requirements()
     width, height, _offset_width, _offset_height, _pad_width, _pad_height = (
         model.get_dimensions(config)
     )
@@ -255,7 +250,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
@@ -267,13 +262,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         config = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
             "mipi_rgb", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
         )(config)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     width, height, _offset_width, _offset_height, _pad_width, _pad_height = (
         model.get_dimensions(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
index b07460fdba..7421d8ad83 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ int MipiRgb::get_height() {
   }
 }
 
-static const char *get_pin_name(GPIOPin *pin, std::span<char, GPIO_SUMMARY_MAX_LEN> buffer) {
+[[maybe_unused]] static const char *get_pin_name(GPIOPin *pin, std::span<char, GPIO_SUMMARY_MAX_LEN> buffer) {
   if (pin == nullptr)
     return "None";
   pin->dump_summary(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h
index dfa8a36e1a..1480004833 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.h
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ class MipiRgb : public display::Display {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_SPI
-class MipiRgbSpi : public MipiRgb,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
+class MipiRgbSpi final : public MipiRgb,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
  public:
   MipiRgbSpi(int width, int height) : MipiRgb(width, height) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e3fe2a476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
+from esphome.const import CONF_SWAP_XY
+
+
+class RgbDriverChip(DriverChip):
+    """A driver chip for MIPI RGB displays."""
+
+    @property
+    def transforms(self) -> set[str]:
+        """
+        Return the set of transformations supported by this driver chip.
+        RGB displays do not support axis swapping, so this method removes CONF_SWAP_XY
+        """
+        return super().transforms - {CONF_SWAP_XY}
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/guition.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/guition.py
index 915b8beda0..c0aaf0a3d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/guition.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/guition.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     width=480,
     height=480,
     data_rate="2MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
     cs_pin=39,
     de_pin=18,
     hsync_pin=16,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/lilygo.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/lilygo.py
index c0e91cd8ae..4e0615b439 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/lilygo.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/lilygo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
-
 from .st7701s import ST7701S
 
 # fmt: off
@@ -8,10 +6,10 @@ ST7701S(
     width=480,
     height=480,
     invert_colors=False,
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     spi_mode="MODE3",
     cs_pin={"xl9535": None, "number": 17},
     reset_pin={"xl9535": None, "number": 5},
+    requires={"psram", "xl9535"},
     hsync_pin=39,
     vsync_pin=40,
     pclk_pin=41,
@@ -57,9 +55,9 @@ t_rgb = ST7701S(
     height=480,
     pixel_mode="18bit",
     invert_colors=False,
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     spi_mode="MODE3",
     cs_pin={"xl9535": None, "number": 3},
+    requires={"psram", "xl9535"},
     de_pin=45,
     hsync_pin=47,
     vsync_pin=41,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/rpi.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/rpi.py
index 076d96b658..1e2a6600ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/rpi.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/rpi.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
-from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+from . import RgbDriverChip
 
 # A driver chip for Raspberry Pi MIPI RGB displays. These require no init sequence
-DriverChip(
+RgbDriverChip(
     "RPI",
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     initsequence=(),
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
index 990a1ca4f3..cad5dc8e20 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import (
-    MADCTL,
-    MADCTL_ML,
-    MADCTL_XFLIP,
-    MODE_BGR,
-    DriverChip,
-)
-from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+from esphome.components.mipi import MADCTL, MADCTL_ML, MADCTL_XFLIP, MODE_BGR
 from esphome.const import CONF_COLOR_ORDER, CONF_HEIGHT, CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y
 
+from . import RgbDriverChip
+
 SDIR_CMD = 0xC7
 
 
-class ST7701S(DriverChip):
+class ST7701S(RgbDriverChip):
     # The ST7701s does not use the standard MADCTL bits for x/y mirroring
-    def add_madctl(self, sequence: list, config: dict):
+    def add_madctl(self, sequence: list, config: dict) -> int:
         transform = self.get_transform(config)
         madctl = 0x00
         if config[CONF_COLOR_ORDER] == MODE_BGR:
@@ -45,7 +40,6 @@ st7701s = ST7701S(
     "ST7701S",
     width=480,
     height=864,
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     hsync_front_porch=20,
     hsync_back_porch=10,
     hsync_pulse_width=10,
@@ -85,6 +79,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     height=480,
     invert_colors=True,
     pixel_mode="18bit",
+    requires={"psram"},
     cs_pin=1,
     de_pin={
         "number": 45,
@@ -117,6 +112,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     vsync_pulse_width=8,
     vsync_back_porch=20,
     cs_pin={"pca9554": None, "number": 4},
+    requires={"psram", "pca9554"},
     de_pin=18,
     hsync_pin=16,
     vsync_pin=17,
@@ -134,6 +130,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     width=480,
     height=480,
     pixel_mode="18bit",
+    requires={"psram"},
     cs_pin=18,
     reset_pin=8,
     de_pin=17,
@@ -177,6 +174,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     width=480,
     height=480,
     pixel_mode="18bit",
+    requires={"psram"},
     cs_pin=21,
     de_pin=39,
     vsync_pin=48,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py
index a33625dfe4..a87d5f3c38 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
-from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+from . import RgbDriverChip
 
 # fmt: off
-sunton = DriverChip(
+sunton = RgbDriverChip(
     "ESP32-8048S070",
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     initsequence=(),
     width=800,
     height=480,
     pclk_frequency="12.5MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
     de_pin=41,
     hsync_pin=39,
     vsync_pin=40,
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ sunton = DriverChip(
 
 sunton.extend(
     "ESP32-8048S050",
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     initsequence=(),
     width=800,
     height=480,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/waveshare.py
index cd1fc341ef..ef1a5cd2d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/waveshare.py
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip, delay
-from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+from esphome.components.mipi import delay
 
+from . import RgbDriverChip
 from .st7701s import st7701s
 
 # fmt: off
-wave_4_3 = DriverChip(
+wave_4_3 = RgbDriverChip(
     "ESP32-S3-TOUCH-LCD-4.3",
-    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
     initsequence=(),
     width=800,
     height=480,
     pclk_frequency="16MHz",
     reset_pin={"ch422g": None, "number": 3},
     enable_pin={"ch422g": None, "number": 2},
+    requires={"psram", "ch422g"},
     de_pin=5,
     hsync_pin={"number": 46, "ignore_strapping_warning": True},
     vsync_pin={"number": 3, "ignore_strapping_warning": True},
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     pclk_pin=41,
     pclk_frequency="12MHz",
     pclk_inverted=False,
+    requires={"psram"},
     data_pins={
         "red": [46, 3, 8, 18, 17],
         "green": [14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9],
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ st7701s.extend(
     "WAVESHARE-3.16-320X820",
     width=320,
     height=820,
+    requires={"psram"},
     de_pin=40,
     hsync_pin=38,
     vsync_pin=39,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
index 871736abd1..e8b54da5c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
@@ -41,14 +41,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DATA_RATE,
     CONF_DC_PIN,
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
-    CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
     CONF_INVERT_COLORS,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
-    CONF_MIRROR_X,
-    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_ROTATION,
@@ -56,8 +53,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArguments
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass, TemplateArguments
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BUS_MODE, CONF_SPI_16, DOMAIN, models
 
@@ -113,7 +111,7 @@ DISPLAY_PIXEL_MODES = {
 }
 
 
-def denominator(config):
+def denominator(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     """
     Calculate the best denominator for a buffer size fraction.
     The denominator should be a number between 2 and 16 that divides the display height evenly,
@@ -135,19 +133,10 @@ def denominator(config):
         return next(x for x in range(2, 17) if frac >= 1 / x)
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.All | cv.Schema:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     bus_mode = config[CONF_BUS_MODE]
-    transform = cv.Any(
-        cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
-                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
-                **model.swap_xy_schema(),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.one_of(CONF_DISABLED, lower=True),
-    )
+    transform = model.transform_schema()
     # CUSTOM model will need to provide a custom init sequence
     iseqconf = (
         cv.Required(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE)
@@ -250,7 +239,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema, extra={CONF_BUS_MODE: TYPE_SINGLE})
-def customise_schema(config):
+def customise_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """
     Create a customised config schema for a specific model and validate the configuration.
     :param config: The configuration dictionary to validate
@@ -265,6 +254,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
         extra=ALLOW_EXTRA,
     )(config)
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
+    model.check_requirements()
     bus_modes = (TYPE_SINGLE, TYPE_QUAD, TYPE_OCTAL)
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -316,7 +306,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
 
@@ -352,7 +342,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-def get_instance(config):
+def get_instance(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[MockObjClass, list]:
     """
     Get the type of MipiSpi instance to create based on the configuration,
     and the template arguments.
@@ -405,10 +395,10 @@ def get_instance(config):
     return MipiSpi, templateargs
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     var_id = config[CONF_ID]
-    init_sequence = model.get_sequence(config, False)
+    init_sequence = model.get_sequence(config, add_madctl=False, add_reset=True)
     var_id.type, templateargs = get_instance(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(var_id, TemplateArguments(*templateargs))
     cg.add(var.set_init_sequence(init_sequence))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
index 48184fa5c1..2552451bd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ constexpr static const char *const TAG = "display.mipi_spi";
 
 // Maximum bytes to log for commands (truncated if larger)
 static constexpr size_t MIPI_SPI_MAX_CMD_LOG_BYTES = 64;
+
+// Command codes for MIPI SPI displays. Not all currently used, kept here for reference.
 static constexpr uint8_t SW_RESET_CMD = 0x01;
 static constexpr uint8_t SLEEP_OUT = 0x11;
 static constexpr uint8_t NORON = 0x13;
@@ -151,14 +153,11 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
       this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
       delay(5);
       this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    } else {
-      // no reset pin, send software reset command
-      this->write_command_(SW_RESET_CMD);
+      // required delay after reset is already in the init sequence, don't duplicate
     }
 
     // need to know when the display is ready for SLPOUT command - will be 120ms after reset
     auto when = millis() + 120;
-    delay(10);
     size_t index = 0;
     auto &vec = this->init_sequence_;
     while (index != vec.size()) {
@@ -170,6 +169,9 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
       uint8_t cmd = vec[index++];
       uint8_t x = vec[index++];
       if (x == DELAY_FLAG) {
+        if (cmd == 0) {
+          cmd = clamp_at_least((int) (when - millis()), 0);
+        }
         esph_log_d(TAG, "Delay %dms", cmd);
         delay(cmd);
       } else {
@@ -179,24 +181,9 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
           this->mark_failed();
           return;
         }
-        switch (cmd) {
-          case SLEEP_OUT: {
-            // are we ready, boots?
-            int duration = when - millis();
-            if (duration > 0) {
-              esph_log_d(TAG, "Sleep %dms", duration);
-              delay(duration);
-            }
-          } break;
-
-          default:
-            break;
-        }
         const auto *ptr = vec.data() + index;
         this->write_command_(cmd, ptr, num_args);
         index += num_args;
-        if (cmd == SLEEP_OUT)
-          delay(10);
       }
     }
     this->reset_params_();
@@ -259,33 +246,36 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
       this->write_cmd_addr_data(8, 0x02, 24, cmd << 8, bytes, len);
       this->disable();
     } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_OCTAL) {
-      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
+      // Toggle D/C only while holding the bus; on boards where D/C doubles as
+      // another bus signal, driving it while another device owns the bus
+      // corrupts that device's transfer.
       this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->write_cmd_addr_data(0, 0, 0, 0, &cmd, 1, 8);
-      this->disable();
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->disable();
       if (len != 0) {
         this->enable();
         this->write_cmd_addr_data(0, 0, 0, 0, bytes, len, 8);
         this->disable();
       }
     } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_SINGLE) {
-      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->write_byte(cmd);
-      this->disable();
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->disable();
       if (len != 0) {
         this->enable();
         this->write_array(bytes, len);
         this->disable();
       }
     } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_SINGLE_16) {
-      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->enable();
+      this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
       this->write_byte(cmd);
-      this->disable();
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      this->disable();
       for (size_t i = 0; i != len; i++) {
         this->enable();
         this->write_byte(0);
@@ -398,10 +388,10 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
    * @param ptr The pointer to the pixel data
    * @param w Width of each line in bytes
    * @param h Height of the buffer in rows
-   * @param pad Padding in bytes after each line
+   * @param stride Total length of each line in bytes, including any padding
    */
-  void write_display_data_(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t w, size_t h, size_t pad) {
-    if (pad == 0) {
+  void write_display_data_(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t w, size_t h, size_t stride) {
+    if (stride == w) {
       if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_SINGLE || BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_SINGLE_16) {
         this->write_array(ptr, w * h);
       } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_QUAD) {
@@ -418,7 +408,7 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
         } else if constexpr (BUS_TYPE == BUS_TYPE_OCTAL) {
           this->write_cmd_addr_data(0, 0, 0, 0, ptr, w, 8);
         }
-        ptr += w + pad;
+        ptr += stride;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -436,7 +426,7 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
     ptr += y_offset * (x_offset + w + x_pad) + x_offset;
     if constexpr (BUFFERPIXEL == DISPLAYPIXEL) {
       this->write_display_data_(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(ptr), w * sizeof(BUFFERTYPE), h,
-                                x_pad * sizeof(BUFFERTYPE));
+                                (x_offset + w + x_pad) * sizeof(BUFFERTYPE));
     } else {
       // type conversion required, do it in chunks
       uint8_t dbuffer[DISPLAYPIXEL * 48];
@@ -472,14 +462,14 @@ class MipiSpi : public display::Display,
           }
           // buffer full? Flush.
           if (dptr == dbuffer + sizeof(dbuffer)) {
-            this->write_display_data_(dbuffer, sizeof(dbuffer), 1, 0);
+            this->write_display_data_(dbuffer, sizeof(dbuffer), 1, sizeof(dbuffer));
             dptr = dbuffer;
           }
         }
       }
       // flush any remaining data
       if (dptr != dbuffer) {
-        this->write_display_data_(dbuffer, dptr - dbuffer, 1, 0);
+        this->write_display_data_(dbuffer, dptr - dbuffer, 1, dptr - dbuffer);
       }
     }
     this->disable();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/adafruit.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/adafruit.py
index 26790b1493..cc295487eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/adafruit.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/adafruit.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ ST7789V.extend(
     mirror_x=True,
     mirror_y=True,
     data_rate="80MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 ST7789V.extend(
@@ -25,4 +26,5 @@ ST7789V.extend(
     dc_pin=39,
     reset_pin=40,
     invert_colors=True,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py
index 32cad70ac0..8a869f2284 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     delay,
 )
 from esphome.components.spi import TYPE_QUAD
+from esphome.const import CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y
 
 DriverChip(
     "T-DISPLAY-S3-AMOLED",
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ DriverChip(
     brightness=0xD0,
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
     no_slpout=True,  # SLPOUT is in the init sequence, early
+    requires={"psram"},
     initsequence=(SLPOUT,),
 )
 
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ DriverChip(
     data_rate="40MHz",
     brightness=0xD0,
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
+    requires={"psram"},
     initsequence=(
         (PAGESEL, 4),
         (0x6A, 0x00),
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@ T4_S3_AMOLED = RM690B0.extend(
     reset_pin=13,
     enable_pin=9,
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 CO5300 = DriverChip(
@@ -97,6 +101,9 @@ CO5300 = DriverChip(
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
     no_slpout=True,
+    transforms={CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y},
+    width=480,
+    height=480,
     initsequence=(
         (SLPOUT,),  # Requires early SLPOUT
         (PAGESEL, 0x00),
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py
index 5598a51073..187fcfd8c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     GMCTR,
     GMCTRN1,
     GMCTRP1,
-    IDMOFF,
     IFCTR,
     IFMODE,
     INVCTR,
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     PWCTR5,
     PWSET,
     PWSETN,
-    SETEXTC,
     VMCTR,
     VMCTR1,
     VMCTR2,
@@ -32,60 +30,6 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
 )
 from esphome.components.spi import TYPE_OCTAL
 
-DriverChip(
-    "M5CORE",
-    width=320,
-    height=240,
-    cs_pin=14,
-    dc_pin=27,
-    reset_pin=33,
-    initsequence=(
-        (SETEXTC, 0xFF, 0x93, 0x42),
-        (PWCTR1, 0x12, 0x12),
-        (PWCTR2, 0x03),
-        (VMCTR1, 0xF2),
-        (IFMODE, 0xE0),
-        (0xF6, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00),
-        (
-            GMCTRP1,
-            0x00,
-            0x0C,
-            0x11,
-            0x04,
-            0x11,
-            0x08,
-            0x37,
-            0x89,
-            0x4C,
-            0x06,
-            0x0C,
-            0x0A,
-            0x2E,
-            0x34,
-            0x0F,
-        ),
-        (
-            GMCTRN1,
-            0x00,
-            0x0B,
-            0x11,
-            0x05,
-            0x13,
-            0x09,
-            0x33,
-            0x67,
-            0x48,
-            0x07,
-            0x0E,
-            0x0B,
-            0x2E,
-            0x33,
-            0x0F,
-        ),
-        (DFUNCTR, 0x08, 0x82, 0x1D, 0x04),
-        (IDMOFF,),
-    ),
-)
 ILI9341 = DriverChip(
     "ILI9341",
     mirror_x=True,
@@ -174,22 +118,6 @@ ILI9342 = DriverChip(
     ),
 )
 
-# M5Stack Core2 uses ILI9341 chip - mirror_x disabled for correct orientation
-ILI9341.extend(
-    "M5CORE2",
-    # Reset native dimensions due to axis swap.
-    native_width=320,
-    native_height=240,
-    width=320,
-    height=240,
-    mirror_x=False,
-    cs_pin=5,
-    dc_pin=15,
-    invert_colors=True,
-    pixel_mode="18bit",
-    data_rate="40MHz",
-)
-
 DriverChip(
     "ILI9481",
     mirror_x=True,
@@ -386,6 +314,7 @@ DriverChip(
     data_rate="40MHz",
     dc_pin=4,
     cs_pin=5,
+    requires={"psram"},
     # reset_pin={CONF_INVERTED: True, CONF_NUMBER: 48},
     initsequence=(
         (0xEF, 0x03, 0x80, 0x02),
@@ -451,6 +380,7 @@ DriverChip(
     cs_pin=5,
     dc_pin=4,
     reset_pin=48,
+    requires={"psram"},
     initsequence=(
         (0xEF, 0x03, 0x80, 0x02),
         (0xCF, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30),
@@ -783,6 +713,7 @@ ST7796.extend(
     reset_pin=4,
     dc_pin={"number": 0, "ignore_strapping_warning": True},
     invert_colors=True,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 ST7789V.extend(
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py
index 854814f572..8d2591aefe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/jc.py
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 from esphome.components.mipi import MODE_RGB, DriverChip
 from esphome.components.spi import TYPE_QUAD
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING,
+    CONF_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
+)
 
 AXS15231 = DriverChip(
     "AXS15231",
     draw_rounding=8,
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
+    transforms={CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y},
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
+    no_swreset=True,
     initsequence=(
         (0xBB, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5A, 0xA5),
         (0xC1, 0x33),
@@ -22,6 +27,7 @@ AXS15231.extend(
     height=480,
     cs_pin={CONF_NUMBER: 45, CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING: True},
     data_rate="40MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 DriverChip(
@@ -36,6 +42,7 @@ DriverChip(
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
     data_rate="40MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
     initsequence=(
         (0xF0, 0x08),
         (0xF2, 0x08),
@@ -259,14 +266,13 @@ DriverChip(
     "JC3636W518V2",
     height=360,
     width=360,
-    offset_height=1,
-    draw_rounding=1,
     cs_pin=10,
     reset_pin=47,
     invert_colors=True,
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
     data_rate="40MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
     initsequence=(
         (0xF0, 0x28),
         (0xF2, 0x28),
@@ -495,6 +501,7 @@ DriverChip(
     color_order=MODE_RGB,
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
     data_rate="20MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
     initsequence=(
         (0xFF, 0xA5),
         (0x41, 0x03),
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lanbon.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lanbon.py
index 8cec3c8317..1188300136 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lanbon.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lanbon.py
@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ ST7789V.extend(
     cs_pin=22,
     dc_pin=21,
     reset_pin=18,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lilygo.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lilygo.py
index 46ec809029..84f44a3dae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lilygo.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/lilygo.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ ST7789V.extend(
     dc_pin=13,
     reset_pin=9,
     data_rate="80MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 ST7789V.extend(
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ ST7789V.extend(
     enable_pin=[9, 15],
     data_rate="10MHz",
     bus_mode=TYPE_OCTAL,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 ST7796.extend(
@@ -55,4 +57,5 @@ ST7796.extend(
     dc_pin=9,
     backlight_pin=48,
     invert_colors=True,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/m5stack.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/m5stack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a54bd19d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/m5stack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from esphome.components.mipi import (
+    DFUNCTR,
+    GMCTRN1,
+    GMCTRP1,
+    IDMOFF,
+    IFMODE,
+    PWCTR1,
+    PWCTR2,
+    SETEXTC,
+    VMCTR1,
+    DriverChip,
+)
+
+from .ili import ILI9341, ST7789V
+
+# fmt: off
+DriverChip(
+    "M5CORE",
+    width=320,
+    height=240,
+    cs_pin=14,
+    dc_pin=27,
+    reset_pin=33,
+    initsequence=(
+        (SETEXTC, 0xFF, 0x93, 0x42),
+        (PWCTR1, 0x12, 0x12),
+        (PWCTR2, 0x03),
+        (VMCTR1, 0xF2),
+        (IFMODE, 0xE0),
+        (0xF6, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00),
+        (GMCTRP1, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x11, 0x04, 0x11, 0x08, 0x37, 0x89, 0x4C, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x0A, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x0F,),
+        (GMCTRN1, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x11, 0x05, 0x13, 0x09, 0x33, 0x67, 0x48, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x0B, 0x2E, 0x33, 0x0F,),
+        (DFUNCTR, 0x08, 0x82, 0x1D, 0x04),
+        (IDMOFF,),
+    ),
+)
+
+# M5Stack Core2 uses ILI9341 chip - mirror_x disabled for correct orientation
+ILI9341.extend(
+    "M5CORE2",
+    # Reset native dimensions due to axis swap.
+    native_width=320,
+    native_height=240,
+    width=320,
+    height=240,
+    mirror_x=False,
+    cs_pin=5,
+    dc_pin=15,
+    invert_colors=True,
+    pixel_mode="18bit",
+    data_rate="40MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
+)
+
+GC9107 = ST7789V.extend(
+    "GC9107",
+    width=128,
+    height=128,
+    offset_width=2,
+    offset_height=1,
+    pad_width=2,
+    pad_height=1,
+)
+
+GC9107.extend(
+    "M5STACK-ATOMS3R-GC9107",
+    data_rate="40MHz",
+    invert_colors=True,
+    reset_pin=48,
+    dc_pin=42,
+    cs_pin=14,
+    requires={"psram"},
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/st77916.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/st77916.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38852f135f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/st77916.py
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# Init sequence sourced from Espressif's esp-bsp repository:
+# https://github.com/espressif/esp-bsp/blob/master/bsp/esp_vocat/priv_include/disp_init_data.h
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+from esphome.components.mipi import MODE_RGB, DriverChip
+from esphome.components.spi import TYPE_QUAD
+from esphome.const import CONF_INVERTED, CONF_NUMBER
+
+# Init sequence for the ST77916 QSPI display on the ESP-VoCat v1.2 board.
+# Source: disp_init_data.h from espressif/esp-bsp (bsp/esp_vocat/priv_include).
+# The standard INVON/INVOFF and SLPOUT+DISPON commands (and required delays) are omitted because
+# the mipi_spi framework appends them automatically based on the invert_colors and no_slpout settings.
+# (So this sequence only contains panel-specific setup commands.)
+_ESP_VOCAT_INIT = (
+    # Page 1a — startup unlock
+    (0xF0, 0x28),
+    (0xF2, 0x28),
+    (0x73, 0xF0),
+    (0x7C, 0xD1),
+    (0x83, 0xE0),
+    (0x84, 0x61),
+    (0xF2, 0x82),
+    # Switch to page 0 → page 1
+    (0xF0, 0x00),
+    (0xF0, 0x01),
+    (0xF1, 0x01),
+    # Power settings (Bx)
+    (0xB0, 0x56),
+    (0xB1, 0x4D),
+    (0xB2, 0x24),
+    (0xB4, 0x87),
+    (0xB5, 0x44),
+    (0xB6, 0x8B),
+    (0xB7, 0x40),
+    (0xB8, 0x86),
+    (0xBA, 0x00),
+    (0xBB, 0x08),
+    (0xBC, 0x08),
+    (0xBD, 0x00),
+    # VCOM / gate settings (Cx)
+    (0xC0, 0x80),
+    (0xC1, 0x10),
+    (0xC2, 0x37),
+    (0xC3, 0x80),
+    (0xC4, 0x10),
+    (0xC5, 0x37),
+    (0xC6, 0xA9),
+    (0xC7, 0x41),
+    (0xC8, 0x01),
+    (0xC9, 0xA9),
+    (0xCA, 0x41),
+    (0xCB, 0x01),
+    # Source settings (Dx)
+    (0xD0, 0x91),
+    (0xD1, 0x68),
+    (0xD2, 0x68),
+    # Misc
+    (0xF5, 0x00, 0xA5),
+    (0xDD, 0x4F),
+    (0xDE, 0x4F),
+    (0xF1, 0x10),
+    (0xF0, 0x00),
+    # Switch to page 2 — gamma
+    (0xF0, 0x02),
+    (
+        0xE0,
+        0xF0,
+        0x0A,
+        0x10,
+        0x09,
+        0x09,
+        0x36,
+        0x35,
+        0x33,
+        0x4A,
+        0x29,
+        0x15,
+        0x15,
+        0x2E,
+        0x34,
+    ),
+    (
+        0xE1,
+        0xF0,
+        0x0A,
+        0x0F,
+        0x08,
+        0x08,
+        0x05,
+        0x34,
+        0x33,
+        0x4A,
+        0x39,
+        0x15,
+        0x15,
+        0x2D,
+        0x33,
+    ),
+    # Switch to page 10 — GIP / timing
+    (0xF0, 0x10),
+    (0xF3, 0x10),
+    # Page 10: Exxx
+    (0xE0, 0x07),
+    (0xE1, 0x00),
+    (0xE2, 0x00),
+    (0xE3, 0x00),
+    (0xE4, 0xE0),
+    (0xE5, 0x06),
+    (0xE6, 0x21),
+    (0xE7, 0x01),
+    (0xE8, 0x05),
+    (0xE9, 0x02),
+    (0xEA, 0xDA),
+    (0xEB, 0x00),
+    (0xEC, 0x00),
+    (0xED, 0x0F),
+    (0xEE, 0x00),
+    (0xEF, 0x00),
+    # Page 10: Fxxx
+    (0xF8, 0x00),
+    (0xF9, 0x00),
+    (0xFA, 0x00),
+    (0xFB, 0x00),
+    (0xFC, 0x00),
+    (0xFD, 0x00),
+    (0xFE, 0x00),
+    (0xFF, 0x00),
+    # GIP section A (0x60–0x6B)
+    (0x60, 0x40),
+    (0x61, 0x04),
+    (0x62, 0x00),
+    (0x63, 0x42),
+    (0x64, 0xD9),
+    (0x65, 0x00),
+    (0x66, 0x00),
+    (0x67, 0x00),
+    (0x68, 0x00),
+    (0x69, 0x00),
+    (0x6A, 0x00),
+    (0x6B, 0x00),
+    # GIP section B (0x70–0x7B)
+    (0x70, 0x40),
+    (0x71, 0x03),
+    (0x72, 0x00),
+    (0x73, 0x42),
+    (0x74, 0xD8),
+    (0x75, 0x00),
+    (0x76, 0x00),
+    (0x77, 0x00),
+    (0x78, 0x00),
+    (0x79, 0x00),
+    (0x7A, 0x00),
+    (0x7B, 0x00),
+    # GIP timing (0x80–0x9F)
+    (0x80, 0x48),
+    (0x81, 0x00),
+    (0x82, 0x06),
+    (0x83, 0x02),
+    (0x84, 0xD6),
+    (0x85, 0x04),
+    (0x86, 0x00),
+    (0x87, 0x00),
+    (0x88, 0x48),
+    (0x89, 0x00),
+    (0x8A, 0x08),
+    (0x8B, 0x02),
+    (0x8C, 0xD8),
+    (0x8D, 0x04),
+    (0x8E, 0x00),
+    (0x8F, 0x00),
+    (0x90, 0x48),
+    (0x91, 0x00),
+    (0x92, 0x0A),
+    (0x93, 0x02),
+    (0x94, 0xDA),
+    (0x95, 0x04),
+    (0x96, 0x00),
+    (0x97, 0x00),
+    (0x98, 0x48),
+    (0x99, 0x00),
+    (0x9A, 0x0C),
+    (0x9B, 0x02),
+    (0x9C, 0xDC),
+    (0x9D, 0x04),
+    (0x9E, 0x00),
+    (0x9F, 0x00),
+    # GIP timing (0xA0–0xBF)
+    (0xA0, 0x48),
+    (0xA1, 0x00),
+    (0xA2, 0x05),
+    (0xA3, 0x02),
+    (0xA4, 0xD5),
+    (0xA5, 0x04),
+    (0xA6, 0x00),
+    (0xA7, 0x00),
+    (0xA8, 0x48),
+    (0xA9, 0x00),
+    (0xAA, 0x07),
+    (0xAB, 0x02),
+    (0xAC, 0xD7),
+    (0xAD, 0x04),
+    (0xAE, 0x00),
+    (0xAF, 0x00),
+    (0xB0, 0x48),
+    (0xB1, 0x00),
+    (0xB2, 0x09),
+    (0xB3, 0x02),
+    (0xB4, 0xD9),
+    (0xB5, 0x04),
+    (0xB6, 0x00),
+    (0xB7, 0x00),
+    (0xB8, 0x48),
+    (0xB9, 0x00),
+    (0xBA, 0x0B),
+    (0xBB, 0x02),
+    (0xBC, 0xDB),
+    (0xBD, 0x04),
+    (0xBE, 0x00),
+    (0xBF, 0x00),
+    # Source timing (0xC0–0xC9)
+    (0xC0, 0x10),
+    (0xC1, 0x47),
+    (0xC2, 0x56),
+    (0xC3, 0x65),
+    (0xC4, 0x74),
+    (0xC5, 0x88),
+    (0xC6, 0x99),
+    (0xC7, 0x01),
+    (0xC8, 0xBB),
+    (0xC9, 0xAA),
+    # Source timing (0xD0–0xD9)
+    (0xD0, 0x10),
+    (0xD1, 0x47),
+    (0xD2, 0x56),
+    (0xD3, 0x65),
+    (0xD4, 0x74),
+    (0xD5, 0x88),
+    (0xD6, 0x99),
+    (0xD7, 0x01),
+    (0xD8, 0xBB),
+    (0xD9, 0xAA),
+    # Finalise page 10, return to page 0
+    (0xF3, 0x01),
+    (0xF0, 0x00),
+    # INVON (0x21) and SLPOUT (0x11) are appended by the framework.
+)
+
+DriverChip(
+    "ESP-VOCAT",
+    width=360,
+    height=360,
+    # SPI pins for the ESP-VoCat v1.2 board.
+    # PCLK (GPIO18) and data pins (GPIO46/13/11/12) are configured on the spi: bus.
+    cs_pin=14,
+    # RST is active-HIGH on this panel; invert the ESPHome pin so the framework's
+    # active-low reset pulse (HIGH→LOW→HIGH) maps to the correct physical sequence
+    # (LOW→HIGH→LOW) on the wire.
+    reset_pin={CONF_NUMBER: 47, CONF_INVERTED: True},
+    # Note: GPIO9 behaviour varies by board revision (may be POWER_CTRL, not LCD_EN).
+    # Do not set a default enable_pin — manage LCD power in on_boot if needed.
+    # GPIO44 is the backlight; manage it separately via an output: or light:.
+    bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
+    data_rate="80MHz",
+    invert_colors=True,
+    color_order=MODE_RGB,
+    requires={"psram"},
+    initsequence=_ESP_VOCAT_INIT,
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
index 3c719b0f5e..bdd0c3c90b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     PWSET,
     DriverChip,
 )
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y
 
 from .amoled import CO5300
 from .ili import ILI9488_A, ST7789V
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ ST7789P = DriverChip(
 
 ILI9488_A.extend(
     "PICO-RESTOUCH-LCD-3.5",
-    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
+    transforms={CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y},
     spi_16=True,
     pixel_mode="16bit",
     mirror_x=True,
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ CO5300.extend(
     offset_width=6,
     cs_pin=12,
     reset_pin=39,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 # Waveshare ESP32-S3 Touch AMOLED 2.16" (CO5300 controller)
@@ -189,6 +190,7 @@ CO5300.extend(
     cs_pin=12,
     reset_pin=39,
     data_rate="40MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
 AXS15231.extend(
@@ -198,8 +200,57 @@ AXS15231.extend(
     data_rate="80MHz",
     cs_pin=9,
     reset_pin=21,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
 
+# Init sequence and pins taken from the vendor demo:
+# "ESP32-S3-Touch-LCD-3.5B-Demo/Arduino/examples/09_lvgl_arduino_v8"
+# The panel has no reset line (demo passes RST = -1); the sleep-out, display-on
+# and first RAM write are issued by the framework, so they are omitted here.
+# fmt: off
+AXS15231.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-ESP32-S3-TOUCH-LCD-3.5B",
+    width=320,
+    height=480,
+    # Vendor demo runs the AXS15231B at 32MHz; the ESP32 SPI clock cannot hit
+    # that exactly, data sheet says max 50MHz, so use 40MHz (proven on the same controller, JC3248W535)
+    data_rate="40MHz",
+    cs_pin=12,
+    requires={"psram"},
+    initsequence=(
+        (0xBB, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5A, 0xA5),
+        (0xA0, 0xC0, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x3F, 0x20, 0x05, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+        (0xA2, 0x30, 0x3C, 0x24, 0x14, 0xD0, 0x20, 0xFF, 0xE0, 0x40, 0x19, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x20, 0xF9, 0x10, 0x02, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x01, 0x32, 0xA0, 0x91, 0xE0, 0x20, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x5A),
+        (0xD0, 0xE0, 0x40, 0x51, 0x24, 0x08, 0x05, 0x10, 0x01, 0x20, 0x15, 0xC2, 0x42, 0x22, 0x22, 0xAA, 0x03, 0x10, 0x12, 0x60, 0x14, 0x1E, 0x51, 0x15, 0x00, 0x8A, 0x20, 0x00, 0x03, 0x3A, 0x12),
+        (0xA3, 0xA0, 0x06, 0xAA, 0x00, 0x08, 0x02, 0x0A, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x55, 0x55),
+        (0xC1, 0x31, 0x04, 0x02, 0x02, 0x71, 0x05, 0x24, 0x55, 0x02, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x53, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x4F, 0x52, 0x00, 0x4F, 0x52, 0x00, 0x45, 0x3B, 0x0B, 0x02, 0x0D, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x40),
+        (0xC3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01),
+        (0xC4, 0x00, 0x24, 0x33, 0x80, 0x00, 0xEA, 0x64, 0x32, 0xC8, 0x64, 0xC8, 0x32, 0x90, 0x90, 0x11, 0x06, 0xDC, 0xFA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xFE, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x0A, 0x44, 0x50),
+        (0xC5, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xFE, 0x3A, 0x4A, 0x20, 0x30, 0x10, 0x88, 0xDE, 0x0D, 0x08, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x01, 0x3A, 0x4A, 0x20, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00),
+        (0xC6, 0x05, 0x0A, 0x05, 0x0A, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x2E, 0x0B, 0x12, 0x22, 0x12, 0x22, 0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x6A, 0x18, 0xC8, 0x22),
+        (0xC7, 0x50, 0x32, 0x28, 0x00, 0xA2, 0x80, 0x8F, 0x00, 0x80, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x11, 0x9C, 0x67, 0xFF, 0x24, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F),
+        (0xC9, 0x33, 0x44, 0x44, 0x01),
+        (0xCF, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x88, 0x58, 0x13, 0x18, 0x56, 0x18, 0x1E, 0x68, 0x88, 0x00, 0x65, 0x09, 0x22, 0xC4, 0x0C, 0x77, 0x22, 0x44, 0xAA, 0x55, 0x08, 0x08, 0x12, 0xA0, 0x08),
+        (0xD5, 0x40, 0x8E, 0x8D, 0x01, 0x35, 0x04, 0x92, 0x74, 0x04, 0x92, 0x74, 0x04, 0x08, 0x6A, 0x04, 0x46, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x51, 0xA1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+        (0xD6, 0x10, 0x32, 0x54, 0x76, 0x98, 0xBA, 0xDC, 0xFE, 0x93, 0x00, 0x01, 0x83, 0x07, 0x07, 0x00, 0x07, 0x07, 0x00, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x84, 0x00, 0x20, 0x01, 0x00),
+        (0xD7, 0x03, 0x01, 0x0B, 0x09, 0x0F, 0x0D, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1D, 0x1F, 0x19, 0x40, 0x8E, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20, 0xA0, 0x1F),
+        (0xD8, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x08, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1D, 0x1F, 0x19),
+        (0xD9, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F),
+        (0xDD, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F),
+        (0xDF, 0x44, 0x73, 0x4B, 0x69, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0x90),
+        (0xE0, 0x3B, 0x28, 0x10, 0x16, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x11, 0x28, 0x5C, 0x21, 0x0D, 0x35, 0x13, 0x2C, 0x33, 0x28, 0x0D),
+        (0xE1, 0x37, 0x28, 0x10, 0x16, 0x0B, 0x06, 0x11, 0x28, 0x5C, 0x21, 0x0D, 0x35, 0x14, 0x2C, 0x33, 0x28, 0x0F),
+        (0xE2, 0x3B, 0x07, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x0D, 0x17, 0x35, 0x44, 0x32, 0x0C, 0x14, 0x14, 0x36, 0x3A, 0x2F, 0x0D),
+        (0xE3, 0x37, 0x07, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x0D, 0x17, 0x35, 0x44, 0x32, 0x0C, 0x14, 0x14, 0x36, 0x32, 0x2F, 0x0F),
+        (0xE4, 0x3B, 0x07, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x0D, 0x17, 0x39, 0x44, 0x2E, 0x0C, 0x14, 0x14, 0x36, 0x3A, 0x2F, 0x0D),
+        (0xE5, 0x37, 0x07, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x0D, 0x17, 0x39, 0x44, 0x2E, 0x0C, 0x14, 0x14, 0x36, 0x3A, 0x2F, 0x0F),
+        (0xA4, 0x85, 0x85, 0x95, 0x82, 0xAF, 0xAA, 0xAA, 0x80, 0x10, 0x30, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 0xFF, 0x60, 0x30),
+        (0xA4, 0x85, 0x85, 0x95, 0x85),
+        (0xBB, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+    ),
+)
+# fmt: on
+
 # Waveshare 1.83-v2
 #
 # Do not use on 1.83-v1: Vendor warning on different chip!
@@ -281,4 +332,16 @@ ST7789V.extend(
     offset_height=40,
     invert_colors=True,
     data_rate="40MHz",
+    requires={"psram"},
+)
+
+CO5300.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-ESP32-S3-TOUCH-AMOLED-1.64",
+    width=280,
+    height=456,
+    offset_width=20,
+    cs_pin=9,
+    reset_pin=21,
+    enable_pin=1,
+    requires={"psram"},
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py
index 8291d70346..2d38351898 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/climate.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@RubyBailey"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(MitsubishiClimate).ex
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_fan_mode(config[CONF_SET_FAN_MODE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.h
index 769390ce3a..7925b7ce44 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ enum VerticalDirection {
   VERTICAL_DIRECTION_DOWN = 0x28,
 };
 
-class MitsubishiClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
+class MitsubishiClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
  public:
   MitsubishiClimate()
       : climate_ir::ClimateIR(MITSUBISHI_TEMP_MIN, MITSUBISHI_TEMP_MAX, 1.0f, true, true,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..470b7be5fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DIRECTION,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_STATE,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@crnjan"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+DOMAIN = "mitsubishi_cn105"
+
+CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID = f"{DOMAIN}_id"
+CONF_TELEMETRY_REQUEST_MIN_INTERVAL = "telemetry_request_min_interval"
+CONF_VANE = "vane"
+CONF_VERTICAL = "vertical"
+
+mitsubishi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(DOMAIN)
+
+MitsubishiCN105Component = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "MitsubishiCN105Component",
+    cg.Component,
+    uart.UARTDevice,
+)
+
+VaneState = mitsubishi_ns.struct("VaneState")
+VaneCall = mitsubishi_ns.class_("VaneCall")
+VerticalVaneMode = mitsubishi_ns.enum("VerticalVaneMode")
+
+# The insertion order must match VALUES in
+# select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp.
+VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS = {
+    "AUTO": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_AUTO,
+    "1": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_1,
+    "2": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_2,
+    "3": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_3,
+    "4": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4,
+    "5": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_5,
+    "SWING": VerticalVaneMode.VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING,
+}
+
+SetRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "SetRemoteTemperatureAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+)
+
+ClearRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "ClearRemoteTemperatureAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+)
+
+VaneControlAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "VaneControlAction",
+    automation.Action,
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default="1s"): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_TELEMETRY_REQUEST_MIN_INTERVAL, default="60s"
+            ): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VANE): cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
+                }
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+    }
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+        DOMAIN,
+        require_rx=True,
+        require_tx=True,
+        data_bits=8,
+        parity="EVEN",
+        stop_bits=1,
+    )
+)
+
+
+async def register_mitsubishi_cn105_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(
+            config[CONF_TELEMETRY_REQUEST_MIN_INTERVAL]
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(var.set_use_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
+    if on_state := config.get(CONF_VANE, {}).get(CONF_ON_STATE):
+        cg.add_global(mitsubishi_ns.using)
+        for conf in on_state:
+            await automation.build_callback_automation(
+                var,
+                "add_on_vane_state_callback",
+                [(VaneState.operator("const").operator("ref"), "x")],
+                conf,
+            )
+
+
+REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(
+            cv.All(
+                cv.temperature,
+                cv.Range(min=8.0, max=39.5),
+            )
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"{DOMAIN}.set_remote_temperature",
+    SetRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def remote_temperature_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    temperature = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE], args, float)
+    cg.add(var.set_temperature(temperature))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"{DOMAIN}.clear_remote_temperature",
+    ClearRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def clear_temperature_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+VANE_CONTROL_FIELDS = (
+    (
+        (CONF_VERTICAL, CONF_DIRECTION),
+        "vertical.set_direction",
+        VerticalVaneMode,
+    ),
+)
+
+VANE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL): cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION): cv.templatable(
+                    cv.enum(VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS, upper=True)
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"{DOMAIN}.vane.control",
+    VaneControlAction,
+    VANE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def vane_control_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    cg.add_global(mitsubishi_ns.using)
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    normalized_args = [
+        (cg.RawExpression(f"const std::remove_cvref_t<{cg.safe_exp(t)}> &"), name)
+        for t, name in args
+    ]
+    forwarded_args = ", ".join(name for _, name in args)
+    body_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    for path, setter, type_ in VANE_CONTROL_FIELDS:
+        if (section := config.get(path[0])) is None:
+            continue
+        if (value := section.get(path[1])) is None:
+            continue
+        if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+            inner = await cg.process_lambda(
+                value,
+                normalized_args,
+                return_type=type_,
+            )
+            body_lines.append(f"call.{setter}(({inner})({forwarded_args}));")
+        else:
+            body_lines.append(f"call.{setter}({cg.safe_exp(value)});")
+
+    apply_lambda = LambdaExpression(
+        ["\n".join(body_lines)],
+        [(VaneCall.operator("ref"), "call"), *normalized_args],
+        capture="",
+        return_type=cg.void,
+    )
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent, apply_lambda)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9ca3a47e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class SetRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, temperature)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_remote_temperature(this->temperature_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class ClearRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->clear_remote_temperature(); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class VaneControlAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  using ApplyFn = void (*)(VaneCall &, const std::remove_cvref_t<Ts> &...);
+
+  VaneControlAction(MitsubishiCN105Component *parent, ApplyFn apply) : parent_(parent), apply_(apply) {}
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    auto call = this->parent_->make_vane_call();
+    this->apply_(call, x...);
+    call.perform();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  MitsubishiCN105Component *parent_;
+  ApplyFn apply_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
index 522b9218fc..05a29b3665 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import logging
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, uart
@@ -7,126 +9,248 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    CONF_UART_ID,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
+from . import (
+    CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID,
+    DOMAIN,
+    MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
+    MitsubishiCN105Component,
+    mitsubishi_ns,
+    register_mitsubishi_cn105_device,
+)
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate"]
-CODEOWNERS = ["@crnjan"]
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Deprecated legacy climate-owned hub option. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL = "current_temperature_min_interval"
-
-mitsubishi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mitsubishi_cn105")
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+CONF_LEGACY_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID = "legacy_mitsubishi_cn105_id"
 
 MitsubishiCN105Climate = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
     "MitsubishiCN105Climate",
     climate.Climate,
     cg.Component,
-    uart.UARTDevice,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
 )
 
-SetRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
-    "SetRemoteTemperatureAction",
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction",
     automation.Action,
     cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
 )
 
-ClearRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
-    "ClearRemoteTemperatureAction",
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction",
     automation.Action,
     cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.climate_schema(MitsubishiCN105Climate)
-    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _has_top_level_hub_config() -> bool:
+    return DOMAIN in (CORE.raw_config or {})
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _prepare_legacy_hub_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Defining 'climate.mitsubishi_cn105' without a top-level '%s:' hub is "
+        "deprecated. Declare '%s:' and reference it with '%s:' instead. Will "
+        "be removed in ESPHome 2027.2.0.",
+        DOMAIN,
+        DOMAIN,
+        CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID,
+    )
+
+    # Add the hidden hub declaration only for legacy climate-owned configs,
+    # so normal auto-ID resolution does not see it as a top-level hub.
+    config[CONF_LEGACY_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID] = cv.declare_id(MitsubishiCN105Component)(
+        None
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+_BASE_SCHEMA = climate.climate_schema(MitsubishiCN105Climate).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES, default="OFF"
+        ): validate_climate_swing_mode,
+    }
+)
+
+_HUB_SCHEMA = _BASE_SCHEMA.extend(MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
+# Hub options accepted in the legacy climate-owned configuration. When a
+# top-level hub exists, leaving these on the climate is always a migration
+# mistake and the generic schema error does not explain where they belong.
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+_LEGACY_HUB_KEYS = (
+    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_UART_ID,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+)
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _validate_no_legacy_hub_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    legacy_keys = [key for key in _LEGACY_HUB_KEYS if key in config]
+    if not legacy_keys:
+        return config
+
+    keys = ", ".join(f"'{key}'" for key in legacy_keys)
+    message = f"{keys} must be moved under the top-level '{DOMAIN}:' block"
+    if CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL in legacy_keys:
+        message += (
+            f"; rename '{CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL}' to "
+            "'telemetry_request_min_interval' there"
+        )
+    raise cv.Invalid(message)
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+_LEGACY_SCHEMA = (
+    _BASE_SCHEMA.extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default="1s"): cv.update_interval,
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL, default="60s"
-            ): cv.update_interval,
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES, default="OFF"
-            ): validate_climate_swing_mode,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL): cv.update_interval,
         }
     )
+    .add_extra(_prepare_legacy_hub_config)
 )
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def CONFIG_SCHEMA(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return _HUB_SCHEMA
+    if CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID in config or _has_top_level_hub_config():
+        return _HUB_SCHEMA(_validate_no_legacy_hub_keys(config))
+    return _LEGACY_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+# Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+def _legacy_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID in config:
+        return
+
     uart.final_validate_device_schema(
-        "mitsubishi_cn105",
+        DOMAIN,
         require_rx=True,
         require_tx=True,
         data_bits=8,
         parity="EVEN",
         stop_bits=1,
-    )
-)
+    )(config)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _legacy_final_validate
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
-    cg.add(var.set_supported_swing_mode(config[CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES]))
-    cg.add(
-        var.set_current_temperature_min_interval(
-            config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL]
-        )
-    )
-
-
-@automation.register_action(
-    "climate.mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature",
-    SetRemoteTemperatureAction,
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(
-                cv.All(
-                    cv.temperature,
-                    cv.Range(min=8.0, max=39.5),
+    climate_config = config.copy()
+    # update_interval configures the protocol hub, not the climate entity.
+    climate_config.pop(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, None)
+    await cg.register_component(var, climate_config)
+    if CONF_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID in config:
+        await register_mitsubishi_cn105_device(var, config)
+    else:
+        # Legacy climate-owned hub compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+        parent = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_LEGACY_MITSUBISHI_CN105_ID])
+        await cg.register_component(parent, config)
+        await uart.register_uart_device(parent, config)
+        if CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL in config:
+            cg.add(
+                parent.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(
+                    config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL]
                 )
-            ),
-        }
-    ),
+            )
+        cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    cg.add(var.set_supported_swing_mode(config[CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES]))
+
+
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LEGACY_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(
+            cv.All(
+                cv.temperature,
+                cv.Range(min=8.0, max=39.5),
+            )
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+LEGACY_CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
+    }
+)
+
+
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+@automation.register_action(
+    f"climate.{DOMAIN}.set_remote_temperature",
+    LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    LEGACY_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_remote_temperature_action_to_code(
+async def legacy_remote_temperature_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
 ) -> MockObj:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "The 'climate.%s.set_remote_temperature' action is deprecated. Use "
+        "'%s.set_remote_temperature' instead. It will be removed in ESPHome "
+        "2027.2.0.",
+        DOMAIN,
+        DOMAIN,
+    )
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
-
     temperature = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE], args, float)
     cg.add(var.set_temperature(temperature))
-
     return var
 
 
+# Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature",
-    ClearRemoteTemperatureAction,
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MitsubishiCN105Climate),
-        }
-    ),
+    f"climate.{DOMAIN}.clear_remote_temperature",
+    LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction,
+    LEGACY_CLEAR_REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def clear_remote_temperature_action_to_code(
+async def legacy_clear_temperature_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
 ) -> MockObj:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "The 'climate.%s.clear_remote_temperature' action is deprecated. Use "
+        "'%s.clear_remote_temperature' instead. It will be removed in ESPHome "
+        "2027.2.0.",
+        DOMAIN,
+        DOMAIN,
+    )
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
index 4782a2ef93..3d30d1a25f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <numeric>
-#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
@@ -10,8 +12,6 @@ static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105.driver";
 
 static constexpr uint32_t RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 
-static constexpr uint8_t TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET = 31;
-
 static constexpr size_t REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN = 0x10;
 static constexpr size_t HEADER_LEN = 5;
 static constexpr uint8_t PREAMBLE = 0xFC;
@@ -25,91 +25,11 @@ static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 2> CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD = {0xCA, 0x01};
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_REQUEST = 0x42;
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_RESPONSE = 0x62;
 static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS = 0x02;
-static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_TELEMETRY = 0x03;
 
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_WRITE_SETTINGS_REQUEST = 0x41;
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_WRITE_SETTINGS_RESPONSE = 0x61;
 
-template<auto Unknown, size_t N> struct LookupMap {
-  using value_type = decltype(Unknown);
-  static constexpr auto UNKNOWN_VALUE = Unknown;
-  const std::array<value_type, N> table;
-
-  constexpr value_type lookup(uint8_t raw) const { return (raw < N) ? this->table[raw] : UNKNOWN_VALUE; }
-
-  constexpr bool reverse_lookup(value_type value, uint8_t &out) const {
-    static_assert(N <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max());
-    if (value == UNKNOWN_VALUE) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < static_cast<uint8_t>(N); ++i) {
-      if (this->table[i] == value) {
-        out = i;
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  constexpr bool is_valid(value_type value) const {
-    uint8_t raw;
-    return reverse_lookup(value, raw);
-  }
-};
-
-template<auto Unknown, class T, std::size_t N> static constexpr auto make_map(const T (&values)[N]) {
-  return LookupMap<Unknown, N>{std::to_array(values)};
-}
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT,      // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY,       // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL,      // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x06
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY,  // 0x07
-    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO       // 0x08
-});
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO,     // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET,    // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1,  // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_2,  // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN,  // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_3,  // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4   // 0x06
-});
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,        // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,  // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2,  // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,  // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4,  // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,  // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
-    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING        // 0x07
-});
-
-static constexpr auto PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x00
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_LEFT,    // 0x01
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT,        // 0x02
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER,      // 0x03
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT,       // 0x04
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_RIGHT,   // 0x05
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x07
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT_RIGHT,  // 0x08
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x09
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0A
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0B
-    MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING        // 0x0C
-});
-
 static constexpr uint8_t checksum(const uint8_t *bytes, size_t length) {
   return static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFC - std::accumulate(bytes, bytes + length, uint8_t{0}));
 }
@@ -123,16 +43,19 @@ static constexpr auto make_packet(uint8_t type, const std::array<uint8_t, Payloa
   return packet;
 }
 
-static constexpr float decode_temperature(int temp_a, int temp_b, int delta) {
-  return temp_b != 0 ? (temp_b - 128) / 2.0f : delta + temp_a;
-}
-
 static constexpr auto CONNECT_PACKET = make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_REQUEST, CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD);
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::initialize() { this->set_state_(State::CONNECTING); }
 
 bool MitsubishiCN105::update() {
   switch (this->state_) {
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+      // Defer the next request to a later loop iteration; some units might not respond if a request is sent
+      // immediately after a response. See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/18099. No minimum RX-to-TX delay
+      // is enforced.
+      this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      return false;
+
     case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
       if (this->pending_updates_.any()) {
         this->status_update_wait_credit_ms_ =
@@ -185,12 +108,14 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
       return from == State::CONNECTING;
 
     case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
-      return from == State::CONNECTED || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED ||
-             from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
+      return from == State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST || from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
 
     case State::STATUS_UPDATED:
       return from == State::UPDATING_STATUS;
 
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+      return from == State::CONNECTED || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+
     case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
       return from == State::STATUS_UPDATED || from == State::SETTINGS_APPLIED;
 
@@ -198,7 +123,7 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
       return from == State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE;
 
     case State::APPLYING_SETTINGS:
-      return from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+      return from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
 
     case State::SETTINGS_APPLIED:
       return from == State::APPLYING_SETTINGS;
@@ -206,9 +131,10 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
     case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
       return from == State::UPDATING_STATUS || from == State::APPLYING_SETTINGS || from == State::CONNECTING;
 
-    default:
+    case State::NOT_CONNECTED:
       return false;
   }
+  return false;
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
@@ -219,7 +145,7 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
 
     case State::CONNECTED:
       this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS;
-      this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      this->set_state_(State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
       break;
 
     case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
@@ -227,11 +153,14 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
       break;
 
     case State::STATUS_UPDATED: {
-      if (this->pending_updates_.any() && this->is_status_initialized()) {
-        this->set_state_(State::APPLYING_SETTINGS);
-      } else if (this->current_status_msg_type_ == STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS && this->should_request_room_temperature_()) {
-        this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP;
-        this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      // When present, pending settings are applied from WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE during the next update(),
+      // deferring transmission to a later loop iteration; some units might not respond if a request is sent
+      // immediately after a response, causing the request to time out.
+      const bool should_apply_pending_settings = this->pending_updates_.any() && this->is_status_initialized();
+      if (!should_apply_pending_settings && this->current_status_msg_type_ == STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS &&
+          this->should_request_telemetry_()) {
+        this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_TELEMETRY;
+        this->set_state_(State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
       } else {
         this->set_state_(State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE);
       }
@@ -259,31 +188,33 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
       this->set_state_(State::CONNECTING);
       break;
 
-    default:
+    case State::NOT_CONNECTED:
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+    case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
       break;
   }
 }
 
-bool MitsubishiCN105::should_request_room_temperature_() const {
-  if (!this->is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+bool MitsubishiCN105::should_request_telemetry_() const {
+  if (!this->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (!this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_.has_value()) {
+  if (!this->last_telemetry_update_ms_.has_value()) {
     return true;
   }
 
-  return (get_loop_time_ms() - *this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_) >= this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_;
+  return (get_loop_time_ms() - *this->last_telemetry_update_ms_) >= this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_;
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105::send_packet_(const uint8_t *packet, size_t len) {
-  FrameParser::dump_buffer_vv("TX", packet, len);
-  this->device_.write_array(packet, len);
+void MitsubishiCN105::send_packet_(std::span<const uint8_t> packet) {
+  FrameParser::dump_buffer_vv("TX", packet.data(), packet.size());
+  this->device_.write_array(packet.data(), packet.size());
   this->operation_start_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::update_status_() {
-  std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload = {this->current_status_msg_type_};
+  std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload{this->current_status_msg_type_};
   this->send_packet_(make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_REQUEST, payload));
 }
 
@@ -327,7 +258,7 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len)
       previous.fan_mode != this->status_.fan_mode || previous.target_temperature != this->status_.target_temperature ||
       previous.vane_mode != this->status_.vane_mode || previous.wide_vane_mode != this->status_.wide_vane_mode;
 
-  if (this->is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+  if (this->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
     changed |= previous.room_temperature != this->status_.room_temperature;
   }
 
@@ -335,12 +266,22 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len)
 }
 
 bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  Property::Decoder decoder{std::span{payload, len}, this->property_context_, this->pending_updates_};
   switch (msg_type) {
     case STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS:
-      return this->parse_status_settings_(payload, len);
+      if (!decoder.decode_settings(this->status_)) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX settings payload too short");
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
 
-    case STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP:
-      return this->parse_status_room_temperature_(payload, len);
+    case STATUS_MSG_TELEMETRY:
+      if (!decoder.decode_room_temperature(this->status_)) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX telemetry payload too short");
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->last_telemetry_update_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
+      return true;
 
     default:
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX unsupported status msg type 0x%02X", msg_type);
@@ -348,54 +289,6 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *pay
   }
 }
 
-bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_settings_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
-  if (len <= 10) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX settings payload too short");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::POWER)) {
-    this->status_.power_on = payload[2] != 0;
-  }
-
-  this->use_temperature_encoding_b_ = payload[10] != 0;
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE)) {
-    this->status_.target_temperature = decode_temperature(-payload[4], payload[10], TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET);
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::MODE)) {
-    const bool i_see = payload[3] > 0x08;
-    this->status_.mode = PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[3] - (i_see ? 0x08 : 0));
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::FAN)) {
-    this->status_.fan_mode = PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[5]);
-  }
-
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::VANE)) {
-    this->status_.vane_mode = PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[6]);
-  }
-
-  this->set_wide_vane_high_bit_ = (payload[9] & 0xF0) == 0x80;
-  if (!this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE)) {
-    this->status_.wide_vane_mode = PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP.lookup(payload[9] & 0x0F);
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_room_temperature_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
-  if (len <= 5) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX room temperature payload too short");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  this->status_.room_temperature = decode_temperature(payload[2], payload[5], 10);
-  this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_remote_temperature(float temperature) {
   if (std::isnan(temperature)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring NaN remote temperature");
@@ -414,12 +307,12 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::clear_remote_temperature() {
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_remote_temperature_half_deg_(uint8_t temperature_half_deg) {
   this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ = temperature_half_deg;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE);
+  this->pending_updates_.set(Property::Temperature::Remote::ID);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_power(bool power_on) {
   this->status_.power_on = power_on;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::POWER);
+  this->pending_updates_.set(Property::Power::ID);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) {
@@ -428,101 +321,42 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) {
     return;
   }
   this->status_.target_temperature = target_temperature;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE);
+  this->pending_updates_.set(Property::Temperature::Target::ID);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_mode(Mode mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP.is_valid(mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::Mode::validate_and_set(mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(mode));
   }
-  this->status_.mode = mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::MODE);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_fan_mode(FanMode fan_mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP.is_valid(fan_mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid fan mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(fan_mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::FanMode::validate_and_set(fan_mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid fan mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(fan_mode));
   }
-  this->status_.fan_mode = fan_mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::FAN);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_vane_mode(VaneMode vane_mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP.is_valid(vane_mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(vane_mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::VaneMode::validate_and_set(vane_mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(vane_mode));
   }
-  this->status_.vane_mode = vane_mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::VANE);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_wide_vane_mode(WideVaneMode wide_vane_mode) {
-  if (!PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP.is_valid(wide_vane_mode)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting invalid wide vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(wide_vane_mode));
-    return;
+  if (!Property::WideVaneMode::validate_and_set(wide_vane_mode, this->status_, this->pending_updates_)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid wide vane mode: %u", static_cast<uint8_t>(wide_vane_mode));
   }
-  this->status_.wide_vane_mode = wide_vane_mode;
-  this->pending_updates_.set(UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE);
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::apply_settings_() {
   std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload{};
+  Property::Encoder encoder{payload.data(), this->property_context_, this->pending_updates_};
 
   // Apply all other pending settings first; handle REMOTE_TEMPERATURE last
-  if (this->pending_updates_.contains_only(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE)) {
-    payload[0] = 0x07;
-    if (this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ == REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_DISABLED) {
-      payload[3] = 0x80;
-    } else {
-      payload[1] = 0x01;
-      payload[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ - 16);
-      payload[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->remote_temperature_half_deg_ + 128);
-    }
-    this->pending_updates_.clear(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE);
+  if (this->pending_updates_.contains_only(Property::Temperature::Remote::ID)) {
+    encoder.encode_remote_temperature(this->remote_temperature_half_deg_);
   } else {
-    payload[0] = 0x01;
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::POWER)) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x01;
-      payload[3] = this->status_.power_on ? 0x01 : 0x00;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE)) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x04;
-      if (this->use_temperature_encoding_b_) {
-        payload[14] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(this->status_.target_temperature * 2.0f) + 128);
-      } else {
-        payload[5] =
-            static_cast<uint8_t>(TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET - std::round(this->status_.target_temperature));
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::MODE) &&
-        PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.mode, payload[4])) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x02;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::FAN) &&
-        PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.fan_mode, payload[6])) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x08;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::VANE) &&
-        PROTOCOL_VANE_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.vane_mode, payload[7])) {
-      payload[1] |= 0x10;
-    }
-
-    if (this->pending_updates_.contains(UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE) &&
-        PROTOCOL_WIDE_VANE_MODE_MAP.reverse_lookup(this->status_.wide_vane_mode, payload[13])) {
-      payload[2] |= 0x01;
-      if (this->set_wide_vane_high_bit_) {
-        payload[13] |= 0x80;
-      }
-    }
-
-    this->pending_updates_.clear(UpdateFlag::POWER, UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE, UpdateFlag::MODE, UpdateFlag::FAN,
-                                 UpdateFlag::VANE, UpdateFlag::WIDE_VANE);
+    encoder.encode_settings(this->status_);
   }
 
   this->send_packet_(make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_WRITE_SETTINGS_REQUEST, payload));
@@ -540,6 +374,8 @@ const LogString *MitsubishiCN105::state_to_string(State state) {
       return LOG_STR("UpdatingStatus");
     case State::STATUS_UPDATED:
       return LOG_STR("StatusUpdated");
+    case State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST:
+      return LOG_STR("DeferredStatusRequest");
     case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
       return LOG_STR("ScheduleNextStatusUpdate");
     case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
index 742d8e18a9..0fee90dfc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/finite_set_mask.h"
+
 #include <cmath>
 #include <optional>
-#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
-#include "esphome/core/finite_set_mask.h"
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
@@ -70,17 +72,18 @@ class MitsubishiCN105 {
   uint32_t get_update_interval() const { return this->update_interval_ms_; }
   void set_update_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) { this->update_interval_ms_ = interval_ms; }
 
-  uint32_t get_room_temperature_min_interval() const { return this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_; }
-  bool is_room_temperature_enabled() const { return this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_ != SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN; }
-  void set_room_temperature_min_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) {
-    this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_ = interval_ms;
+  uint32_t get_telemetry_request_min_interval() const { return this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_; }
+  bool is_telemetry_polling_enabled() const { return this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_ != SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN; }
+  void set_telemetry_request_min_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) {
+    this->telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_ = interval_ms;
   }
 
   const Status &status() const { return this->status_; }
   bool is_status_initialized() const {
-    return this->is_room_temperature_enabled() ? !std::isnan(this->status_.room_temperature)
-                                               : !std::isnan(this->status_.target_temperature);
+    return this->is_telemetry_polling_enabled() ? !std::isnan(this->status_.room_temperature)
+                                                : !std::isnan(this->status_.target_temperature);
   }
+  bool is_temperature_encoding_b() const { return this->property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b; }
 
   void set_power(bool power_on);
   void set_target_temperature(float target_temperature);
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ class MitsubishiCN105 {
     CONNECTED,
     UPDATING_STATUS,
     STATUS_UPDATED,
+    DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST,
     SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE,
     WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE,
     APPLYING_SETTINGS,
@@ -120,58 +124,64 @@ class MitsubishiCN105 {
     uint8_t read_pos_{0};
   };
 
-  enum class UpdateFlag : uint8_t {
+  enum class PropertyId : uint8_t {
     TEMPERATURE = 0,
     POWER = 1,
     MODE = 2,
     FAN = 3,
     VANE = 4,
     WIDE_VANE = 5,
-    REMOTE_TEMPERATURE = 6,
+    REMOTE_TEMPERATURE = 6
   };
 
   struct UpdateFlags {
-    template<typename... Flags> void set(Flags... flags) { (this->mask_.insert(flags), ...); }
-    template<typename... Flags> void clear(Flags... flags) { (this->mask_.erase(flags), ...); }
+    void set(PropertyId id) { this->mask_.insert(id); }
+    void clear(PropertyId id) { this->mask_.erase(id); }
     bool any() const { return !this->mask_.empty(); }
-    bool contains(UpdateFlag flag) const { return this->mask_.count(flag); }
-    bool contains_only(UpdateFlag flag) const { return this->mask_.get_mask() == Mask{flag}.get_mask(); }
+    bool contains(PropertyId id) const { return this->mask_.count(id); }
+    bool contains_only(PropertyId id) const { return this->mask_.get_mask() == Mask{id}.get_mask(); }
 
    protected:
     using Mask =
-        FiniteSetMask<UpdateFlag, DefaultBitPolicy<UpdateFlag, static_cast<int>(UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE) + 1>>;
-
+        FiniteSetMask<PropertyId, DefaultBitPolicy<PropertyId, static_cast<int>(PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE) + 1>>;
     Mask mask_;
   };
 
+  struct PropertyContext {
+    bool use_temperature_encoding_b{false};
+    bool set_wide_vane_high_bit{false};
+  };
+
+  friend struct Property;
+
   void set_state_(State new_state);
   void did_transition_(State to);
   bool process_rx_packet_(uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
   bool process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
   bool parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  bool parse_status_settings_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  bool parse_status_room_temperature_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  void send_packet_(const uint8_t *packet, size_t len);
+  void send_packet_(std::span<const uint8_t> packet);
   void update_status_();
-  bool should_request_room_temperature_() const;
+  bool should_request_telemetry_() const;
   void apply_settings_();
   bool has_timed_out_(uint32_t timeout) const { return ((get_loop_time_ms() - this->operation_start_ms_) >= timeout); }
   void set_remote_temperature_half_deg_(uint8_t temperature_half_deg);
-  template<typename T> void send_packet_(const T &packet) { this->send_packet_(packet.data(), packet.size()); }
   static bool should_transition(State from, State to);
   static const LogString *state_to_string(State state);
 
   uart::UARTDevice &device_;
+  // Default 1s; legacy climate-owned hub compatibility relies on this when update_interval is omitted.
+  // Remove legacy note in 2027.2.0.
   uint32_t update_interval_ms_{1000};
   uint32_t status_update_wait_credit_ms_{0};
   uint32_t operation_start_ms_{0};
-  uint32_t room_temperature_min_interval_ms_{60000};
-  std::optional<uint32_t> last_room_temperature_update_ms_;
+  // Default 60s; legacy climate-owned hub compatibility relies on this when current_temperature_min_interval is
+  // omitted. Remove legacy note in 2027.2.0.
+  uint32_t telemetry_request_min_interval_ms_{60000};
+  std::optional<uint32_t> last_telemetry_update_ms_;
   Status status_{};
   State state_{State::NOT_CONNECTED};
   UpdateFlags pending_updates_;
-  bool use_temperature_encoding_b_{false};
-  bool set_wide_vane_high_bit_{false};
+  PropertyContext property_context_;
   FrameParser frame_parser_;
   uint8_t current_status_msg_type_{0};
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
index afffe7ea5e..53b8c21de6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include <cinttypes>
 #include "mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h"
+
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
@@ -52,23 +52,13 @@ static constexpr std::optional<Left> reverse_map_lookup(const std::array<std::pa
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::dump_config() {
   LOG_CLIMATE("", "Mitsubishi CN105 Climate", this);
-  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current temperature min interval: %" PRIu32 " ms",
-                  this->hp_.get_room_temperature_min_interval());
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current temperature: DISABLED");
-  }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  Update interval: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
-                "  UART: baud_rate=%" PRIu32 " data_bits=%u parity=%s stop_bits=%u",
-                this->hp_.get_update_interval(), this->parent_->get_baud_rate(), this->parent_->get_data_bits(),
-                LOG_STR_ARG(parity_to_str(this->parent_->get_parity())), this->parent_->get_stop_bits());
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Temperature unit: °%c",
+                this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().get_use_fahrenheit() ? 'F' : 'C');
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105Climate::setup() { this->hp_.initialize(); }
-
-void MitsubishiCN105Climate::loop() {
-  if (this->hp_.update()) {
+void MitsubishiCN105Climate::setup() {
+  this->parent_->add_on_status_callback([this]() { this->apply_values_(); });
+  if (this->parent_->is_status_initialized()) {
     this->apply_values_();
   }
 }
@@ -84,15 +74,17 @@ climate::ClimateTraits MitsubishiCN105Climate::traits() {
     traits.add_supported_fan_mode(p.second);
   }
 
-  traits.set_supported_swing_modes(this->supported_swing_modes_);
+  traits.set_supported_swing_modes(this->swing_mode_manager_.supported_swing_modes());
 
-  traits.set_visual_min_temperature(16.0f);
-  traits.set_visual_max_temperature(31.0f);
+  const bool use_fahrenheit = this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().get_use_fahrenheit();
+  traits.set_temperature_unit(use_fahrenheit ? TemperatureUnit::FAHRENHEIT : TemperatureUnit::CELSIUS);
+  traits.set_visual_min_temperature(use_fahrenheit ? 61.0f : 16.0f);
+  traits.set_visual_max_temperature(use_fahrenheit ? 88.0f : 31.0f);
   traits.set_visual_temperature_step(1.0f);
 
-  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+  if (this->parent_->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
     traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
-    traits.set_visual_current_temperature_step(0.5f);
+    traits.set_visual_current_temperature_step(use_fahrenheit ? 1.0f : 0.5f);
   }
 
   return traits;
@@ -100,65 +92,41 @@ climate::ClimateTraits MitsubishiCN105Climate::traits() {
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   if (const auto target_temperature = call.get_target_temperature()) {
-    this->hp_.set_target_temperature(*target_temperature);
+    this->parent_->set_target_temperature(this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().to_mitsubishi(*target_temperature));
   }
 
   if (const auto mode = call.get_mode()) {
     if (*mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
-      this->hp_.set_power(false);
+      this->parent_->set_power(false);
     } else if (const auto mapped = reverse_map_lookup(MODE_MAP, *mode)) {
-      this->hp_.set_power(true);
-      this->hp_.set_mode(*mapped);
+      this->parent_->set_power(true);
+      this->parent_->set_mode(*mapped);
     }
   }
 
   if (const auto fan_mode = reverse_map_lookup(FAN_MODE_MAP, call.get_fan_mode())) {
-    this->hp_.set_fan_mode(*fan_mode);
+    this->parent_->set_fan_mode(*fan_mode);
   }
 
   if (const auto swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode()) {
-    auto vane = this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_;
-    auto wide = this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_;
-
-    switch (*swing_mode) {
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
-        vane = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-        wide = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-        break;
-
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
-        vane = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-        break;
-
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL:
-        wide = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-        break;
-
-      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
-      default:
-        break;
+    if (const auto vane = this->swing_mode_manager_.vane_from(*swing_mode)) {
+      this->parent_->set_vane_mode(*vane);
     }
-
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
-      this->hp_.set_vane_mode(vane);
-    }
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
-      this->hp_.set_wide_vane_mode(wide);
+    if (const auto wide = this->swing_mode_manager_.wide_vane_from(*swing_mode)) {
+      this->parent_->set_wide_vane_mode(*wide);
     }
   }
 
-  if (this->hp_.is_status_initialized()) {
-    this->apply_values_();
-  }
+  this->parent_->publish_status();
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_() {
-  const auto &status = this->hp_.status();
+  const auto &status = this->parent_->status();
 
-  this->target_temperature = status.target_temperature;
+  this->target_temperature = this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(status.target_temperature);
 
-  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
-    this->current_temperature = status.room_temperature;
+  if (this->parent_->is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
+    this->current_temperature = this->parent_->get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(status.room_temperature);
   }
 
   if (status.power_on) {
@@ -176,64 +144,39 @@ void MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unable to map fan mode");
   }
 
-  if (!this->supported_swing_modes_.empty()) {
-    bool vertical_swinging = false;
-    bool horizontal_swinging = false;
-
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
-      if (status.vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING) {
-        vertical_swinging = true;
-      } else if (status.vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
-        this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_ = status.vane_mode;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
-      if (status.wide_vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING) {
-        horizontal_swinging = true;
-      } else if (status.wide_vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
-        this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_ = status.wide_vane_mode;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (vertical_swinging && horizontal_swinging) {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH;
-    } else if (vertical_swinging) {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
-    } else if (horizontal_swinging) {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL;
-    } else {
-      this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
-    }
+  if (const auto swing_mode =
+          this->swing_mode_manager_.update_and_get_swing_mode(status.vane_mode, status.wide_vane_mode)) {
+    this->swing_mode = *swing_mode;
   }
 
   this->publish_state();
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::set_supported_swing_mode(climate::ClimateSwingMode mode) {
-  this->supported_swing_modes_.clear();
+  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes;
   switch (mode) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
       break;
 
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL:
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
       break;
 
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-      this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
+      supported_swing_modes.insert(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
       break;
 
     case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
     default:
       break;
   }
+  this->swing_mode_manager_.set_supported_swing_modes(supported_swing_modes);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
index c83a5519c1..cea76278ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
@@ -1,51 +1,48 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
-#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
-#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
-class MitsubishiCN105Climate : public climate::Climate, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class MitsubishiCN105Climate final : public climate::Climate,
+                                     public Component,
+                                     public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
  public:
-  explicit MitsubishiCN105Climate() : hp_(*this) {}
-
   void setup() override;
-  void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   climate::ClimateTraits traits() override;
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override;
 
-  void set_update_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_update_interval(ms); }
-  void set_current_temperature_min_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_room_temperature_min_interval(ms); }
-
-  void set_remote_temperature(float temperature) { this->hp_.set_remote_temperature(temperature); }
-  void clear_remote_temperature() { this->hp_.clear_remote_temperature(); }
-
   void set_supported_swing_mode(climate::ClimateSwingMode mode);
+  // Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
+  void set_remote_temperature(float temperature) { this->parent_->set_remote_temperature(temperature); }
+  void clear_remote_temperature() { this->parent_->clear_remote_temperature(); }
 
  protected:
   void apply_values_();
 
-  MitsubishiCN105 hp_;
-  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_{};
-  MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode last_non_swing_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO};
-  MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER};
+  SwingModeManager swing_mode_manager_;
 };
 
+// Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 template<typename... Ts>
-class SetRemoteTemperatureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
+class LegacySetRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, temperature)
 
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_remote_temperature(this->temperature_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
+// Legacy climate action compatibility. Remove in 2027.2.0.
 template<typename... Ts>
-class ClearRemoteTemperatureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
+class LegacyClearRemoteTemperatureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Climate> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->clear_remote_temperature(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2a6ee05af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105";
+
+void MitsubishiCN105Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Mitsubishi CN105:");
+  if (this->hp_.is_telemetry_polling_enabled()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Telemetry polling min interval: %" PRIu32 " ms",
+                  this->hp_.get_telemetry_request_min_interval());
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Telemetry polling: DISABLED");
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Update interval: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
+                "  UART: baud_rate=%" PRIu32 " data_bits=%u parity=%s stop_bits=%u",
+                this->hp_.get_update_interval(), this->parent_->get_baud_rate(), this->parent_->get_data_bits(),
+                LOG_STR_ARG(parity_to_str(this->parent_->get_parity())), this->parent_->get_stop_bits());
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105Component::setup() { this->hp_.initialize(); }
+
+void MitsubishiCN105Component::loop() {
+  if (this->hp_.update()) {
+    // Encoding A only supports whole °C values and cannot represent native °F setpoints accurately.
+    // See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/15488#issuecomment-5268304343
+    if (this->temperature_mapping_.get_use_fahrenheit() && !this->hp_.is_temperature_encoding_b()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unit reports encoding A, which cannot accurately convert °F setpoints; disable 'use_fahrenheit'");
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->notify_status_listeners_();
+  }
+}
+
+void VaneCall::perform() {
+  if (const auto &direction = this->vertical.get_direction(); direction.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->set_vane_mode(static_cast<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode>(*direction));
+  }
+  this->parent_->publish_status();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa9bfe0d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <optional>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+struct TemperatureMapping {
+  float to_mitsubishi(float value) const {
+    if (!this->use_fahrenheit_) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    const int fahrenheit = std::clamp(static_cast<int>(std::round(value)), 61, 88);
+    return 0.5f * (fahrenheit - 28 + (fahrenheit > 68) - (fahrenheit < 68));
+  }
+
+  float from_mitsubishi(float value) const {
+    if (!this->use_fahrenheit_) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    if (value < 16.0f || value > 30.5f) {
+      return celsius_to_fahrenheit(value);
+    }
+    const int mitsubishi_half_degrees = static_cast<int>(std::round(value * 2.0f));
+    return mitsubishi_half_degrees + 29 - (mitsubishi_half_degrees >= 40) - (mitsubishi_half_degrees > 40);
+  }
+
+  bool get_use_fahrenheit() const { return this->use_fahrenheit_; }
+  void set_use_fahrenheit(bool value) { this->use_fahrenheit_ = value; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool use_fahrenheit_{false};
+};
+
+enum VerticalVaneMode : uint8_t {
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_AUTO = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_5 = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING),
+  VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_UNKNOWN = static_cast<uint8_t>(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN),
+};
+
+struct VaneState {
+  struct Vertical {
+    VerticalVaneMode direction;
+  };
+
+  Vertical vertical;
+};
+
+class MitsubishiCN105Component;
+
+struct VaneCall {
+  struct Vertical {
+    void set_direction(VerticalVaneMode direction) { this->direction_ = direction; }
+    const std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> &get_direction() const { return this->direction_; }
+
+   protected:
+    std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> direction_;
+  };
+
+  explicit VaneCall(MitsubishiCN105Component *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  Vertical vertical;
+
+  void perform();
+
+ protected:
+  MitsubishiCN105Component *parent_;
+};
+
+class MitsubishiCN105Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit MitsubishiCN105Component() : hp_(*this) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_update_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_update_interval(ms); }
+  void set_telemetry_request_min_interval(uint32_t ms) { this->hp_.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(ms); }
+  void set_use_fahrenheit(bool value) { this->temperature_mapping_.set_use_fahrenheit(value); }
+
+  void set_remote_temperature(float temperature) { this->hp_.set_remote_temperature(temperature); }
+  void clear_remote_temperature() { this->hp_.clear_remote_temperature(); }
+
+  void set_power(bool power_on) { this->hp_.set_power(power_on); }
+  void set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) { this->hp_.set_target_temperature(target_temperature); }
+  void set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode mode) { this->hp_.set_mode(mode); }
+  void set_fan_mode(MitsubishiCN105::FanMode fan_mode) { this->hp_.set_fan_mode(fan_mode); }
+  void set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode vane_mode) { this->hp_.set_vane_mode(vane_mode); }
+  void set_wide_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode mode) { this->hp_.set_wide_vane_mode(mode); }
+  VaneCall make_vane_call() { return VaneCall(this); }
+
+  const MitsubishiCN105::Status &status() const { return this->hp_.status(); }
+  bool is_status_initialized() const { return this->hp_.is_status_initialized(); }
+  bool is_telemetry_polling_enabled() const { return this->hp_.is_telemetry_polling_enabled(); }
+  const TemperatureMapping &get_temperature_mapping() const { return this->temperature_mapping_; }
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_status_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->status_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_vane_state_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->vane_state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  void publish_status() {
+    if (this->is_status_initialized()) {
+      this->notify_status_listeners_();
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void notify_status_listeners_() {
+    this->status_callback_.call();
+    this->vane_state_callback_.call(VaneState{
+        .vertical = {.direction = static_cast<VerticalVaneMode>(this->status().vane_mode)},
+    });
+  }
+
+  MitsubishiCN105 hp_;
+  TemperatureMapping temperature_mapping_;
+  CallbackManager<void()> status_callback_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void(const VaneState &)> vane_state_callback_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f5faf61af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_properties.h
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+template<auto Unknown, size_t N> struct LookupMap {
+  using value_type = decltype(Unknown);
+  const std::array<value_type, N> table;
+
+  constexpr value_type lookup(uint8_t raw) const { return (raw < N) ? this->table[raw] : Unknown; }
+
+  constexpr bool reverse_lookup(value_type value, uint8_t &out) const {
+    static_assert(N <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max());
+    if (value == Unknown) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < static_cast<uint8_t>(N); ++i) {
+      if (this->table[i] == value) {
+        out = i;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+template<auto Unknown, class T, std::size_t N> static constexpr auto make_map(const T (&values)[N]) {
+  return LookupMap<Unknown, N>{std::to_array(values)};
+}
+
+struct Property {
+  using PropertyId = MitsubishiCN105::PropertyId;
+  using Status = MitsubishiCN105::Status;
+  using PropertyContext = MitsubishiCN105::PropertyContext;
+
+  struct Power {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::POWER;
+
+    static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {}
+
+    static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      status.power_on = payload[2] != 0;
+    }
+
+    static void encode(uint8_t *payload, const Status &status, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x01;
+      payload[3] = status.power_on ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct Temperature {
+    struct Target {
+      static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::TEMPERATURE;
+      static constexpr uint8_t TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET = 31;
+
+      static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {
+        ctx.use_temperature_encoding_b = payload[10] != 0;
+      }
+
+      static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+        status.target_temperature = Temperature::decode(-payload[4], payload[10], TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET);
+      }
+
+      static void encode(uint8_t *payload, const Status &status, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+        payload[1] |= 0x04;
+        if (ctx.use_temperature_encoding_b) {
+          payload[14] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(status.target_temperature * 2.0f) + 128);
+        } else {
+          payload[5] = static_cast<uint8_t>(TARGET_TEMPERATURE_ENC_A_OFFSET - std::round(status.target_temperature));
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Room {
+      static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {}
+
+      static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+        status.room_temperature = Temperature::decode(payload[2], payload[5], 10);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Remote {
+      static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE;
+
+      static void encode(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t remote_temperature_half_deg, const PropertyContext &) {
+        if (remote_temperature_half_deg == MitsubishiCN105::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE_DISABLED) {
+          payload[3] = 0x80;
+        } else {
+          payload[1] = 0x01;
+          payload[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(remote_temperature_half_deg - 16);
+          payload[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(remote_temperature_half_deg + 128);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+   protected:
+    static constexpr float decode(int temp_a, int temp_b, int delta) {
+      return temp_b != 0 ? (temp_b - 128) / 2.0f : delta + temp_a;
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Derived, auto Field> struct Lookup {
+    using Value = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(std::declval<Status>().*Field)>;
+
+    static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {}
+
+    static void decode(Status &status, const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      status.*Field = Derived::MAP.lookup(Derived::decode_raw(payload, ctx));
+    }
+
+    static void encode(uint8_t *payload, const Status &status, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      uint8_t raw;
+      if (Derived::MAP.reverse_lookup(status.*Field, raw)) {
+        Derived::encode_raw(payload, raw, ctx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename Mask> static bool validate_and_set(Value value, Status &status, Mask &mask) {
+      uint8_t raw;
+      if (!Derived::MAP.reverse_lookup(value, raw)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      status.*Field = value;
+      mask.set(Derived::ID);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend Derived;
+    constexpr Lookup() = default;
+  };
+
+  struct Mode : Lookup<Mode, &Status::mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::MODE;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT,      // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY,       // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL,      // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN,   // 0x06
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY,  // 0x07
+        MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO       // 0x08
+    });
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      const bool i_see = payload[3] > 0x08;
+      return payload[3] - (i_see ? 0x08 : 0);
+    }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x02;
+      payload[4] = raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct FanMode : Lookup<FanMode, &Status::fan_mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::FAN;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO,     // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET,    // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1,  // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_2,  // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN,  // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_3,  // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4   // 0x06
+    });
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) { return payload[5]; }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x08;
+      payload[6] = raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct VaneMode : Lookup<VaneMode, &Status::vane_mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::VANE;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,        // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,  // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2,  // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,  // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4,  // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,  // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
+        MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING        // 0x07
+    });
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) { return payload[6]; }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &) {
+      payload[1] |= 0x10;
+      payload[7] = raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct WideVaneMode : Lookup<WideVaneMode, &Status::wide_vane_mode> {
+    static constexpr auto ID = PropertyId::WIDE_VANE;
+    static constexpr auto MAP = make_map<MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN>({
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x00
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_LEFT,    // 0x01
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT,        // 0x02
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER,      // 0x03
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT,       // 0x04
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::FAR_RIGHT,   // 0x05
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x06
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x07
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT_RIGHT,  // 0x08
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x09
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0A
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN,     // 0x0B
+        MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING        // 0x0C
+    });
+
+    static void decode_context(PropertyContext &ctx, const uint8_t *payload) {
+      ctx.set_wide_vane_high_bit = (payload[9] & 0xF0) == 0x80;
+    }
+
+    static uint8_t decode_raw(const uint8_t *payload, const PropertyContext &ctx) { return payload[9] & 0x0F; }
+
+    static void encode_raw(uint8_t *payload, uint8_t raw, const PropertyContext &ctx) {
+      payload[2] |= 0x01;
+      payload[13] = ctx.set_wide_vane_high_bit ? raw | 0x80 : raw;
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Mask> struct Decoder {
+    const std::span<const uint8_t> payload;
+    PropertyContext &context;
+    const Mask &pending_writes;
+
+    bool ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE decode_settings(Status &status) {
+      if (this->payload.size() <= 10) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->decode_<Power, Temperature::Target, Mode, FanMode, VaneMode, WideVaneMode>(status);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE decode_room_temperature(Status &status) {
+      if (this->payload.size() <= 5) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->decode_<Temperature::Room>(status);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    template<typename T, typename Out> ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE void decode_one_(Out &out) {
+      T::decode_context(this->context, this->payload.data());
+      if constexpr (requires { T::ID; }) {
+        if (this->pending_writes.contains(T::ID)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      T::decode(out, this->payload.data(), this->context);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... T, typename Out> void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE decode_(Out &out) {
+      (this->decode_one_<T>(out), ...);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Mask> struct Encoder {
+    uint8_t *payload;
+    const PropertyContext &context;
+    Mask &pending_writes;
+
+    void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_settings(const Status &status) {
+      this->payload[0] = 0x01;
+      this->encode_and_clear_<Power, Temperature::Target, WideVaneMode, VaneMode, Mode, FanMode>(status);
+    }
+
+    void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_remote_temperature(uint8_t remote_temperature_half_deg) {
+      this->payload[0] = 0x07;
+      this->encode_and_clear_<Temperature::Remote>(remote_temperature_half_deg);
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    template<typename... T, typename In> void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_and_clear_(const In &in) {
+      (this->encode_one_<T>(in), ...);
+      (this->pending_writes.clear(T::ID), ...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T, typename In> void encode_one_(const In &in) {
+      if (this->pending_writes.contains(T::ID)) {
+        T::encode(this->payload, in, this->context);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20f54f0bbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+class SwingModeManager final {
+ public:
+  const climate::ClimateSwingModeMask &supported_swing_modes() const { return this->supported_swing_modes_; }
+  void set_supported_swing_modes(const climate::ClimateSwingModeMask &supported_swing_modes) {
+    this->supported_swing_modes_ = supported_swing_modes;
+  }
+
+  std::optional<MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode> vane_from(climate::ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) const {
+    if (!this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    switch (swing_mode) {
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
+        return MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
+      default:
+        return this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::optional<MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode> wide_vane_from(climate::ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) const {
+    if (!this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    switch (swing_mode) {
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH:
+      case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL:
+        return MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
+      default:
+        return this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::optional<climate::ClimateSwingMode> update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode vane_mode,
+                                                                     MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode wide_vane_mode) {
+    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.empty()) {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    bool vertical_swinging = false;
+    bool horizontal_swinging = false;
+    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL)) {
+      if (vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING) {
+        vertical_swinging = true;
+      } else if (vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
+        this->last_non_swing_vane_mode_ = vane_mode;
+      }
+    }
+    if (this->supported_swing_modes_.count(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL)) {
+      if (wide_vane_mode == MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING) {
+        horizontal_swinging = true;
+      } else if (wide_vane_mode != MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN) {
+        this->last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_ = wide_vane_mode;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (vertical_swinging && horizontal_swinging) {
+      return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH;
+    }
+    if (vertical_swinging) {
+      return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+    }
+    if (horizontal_swinging) {
+      return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL;
+    }
+    return climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_{};
+  MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode last_non_swing_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO};
+  MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ca12edbb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import select
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import (
+    MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
+    VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS,
+    MitsubishiCN105Component,
+    mitsubishi_ns,
+    register_mitsubishi_cn105_device,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["mitsubishi_cn105"]
+
+CONF_VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTION = "vertical_vane_direction"
+
+MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
+    "MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect",
+    select.Select,
+    cg.Component,
+    cg.Parented.template(MitsubishiCN105Component),
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTION): select.select_schema(
+            MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect,
+            icon="mdi:arrow-up-down",
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(MITSUBISHI_CN105_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if vertical_vane_direction := config.get(CONF_VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTION):
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(vertical_vane_direction[CONF_ID])
+        await cg.register_component(var, vertical_vane_direction)
+        await select.register_select(
+            var,
+            vertical_vane_direction,
+            options=[direction.capitalize() for direction in VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS],
+        )
+        await register_mitsubishi_cn105_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d703ddbb02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h"
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+// NOTE: This order must match VERTICAL_VANE_DIRECTIONS in the hub's __init__.py.
+// MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect uses the preferred index-based
+// Select API, so Python option order and this array must stay aligned.
+static constexpr std::array VALUES{
+    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,       MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2,
+    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,
+    MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING,
+};
+
+void MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect::setup() {
+  this->parent_->add_on_status_callback([this]() { this->publish_vane_state(this->parent_->status().vane_mode); });
+  if (this->parent_->is_status_initialized()) {
+    this->publish_vane_state(this->parent_->status().vane_mode);
+  }
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  if (index < VALUES.size()) {
+    this->parent_->set_vane_mode(VALUES[index]);
+    this->parent_->publish_status();
+  }
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect::publish_vane_state(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode mode) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < VALUES.size(); ++i) {
+    if (VALUES[i] == mode) {
+      this->publish_state(i);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..656b78b487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
+
+class MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect final : public select::Select,
+                                                         public Component,
+                                                         public Parented<MitsubishiCN105Component> {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void publish_vane_state(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode mode);
+
+ protected:
+  void control(size_t index) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
index 47164a9997..a3746c019a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ SOURCE_SPEAKER_SCHEMA = speaker.SPEAKER_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_source_speaker(config):
+def _validate_source_speaker(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
 
     # Get ID for the output speaker and add it to the source speakers config to easily inherit properties
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ def _validate_source_speaker(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_output_speaker(config):
+def _validate_output_speaker(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     audio.final_validate_audio_schema(
         "mixer",
         audio_device=CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER,
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -161,7 +164,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ducking_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ducking_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     decibel_reduction = await cg.templatable(
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/automation.h b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/automation.h
index cdfda0c700..ea51b6b889 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/automation.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome::mixer_speaker {
-template<typename... Ts> class DuckingApplyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SourceSpeaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class DuckingApplyAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SourceSpeaker> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, decibel_reduction);
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, duration);
   void play(const Ts &...x) override {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
index f1ae919b50..00e89d1782 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace esphome::mixer_speaker {
 
 class MixerSpeaker;
 
-class SourceSpeaker : public speaker::Speaker, public Component {
+class SourceSpeaker final : public speaker::Speaker, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void setup() override;
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class SourceSpeaker : public speaker::Speaker, public Component {
   uint32_t stopping_start_ms_{0};
 };
 
-class MixerSpeaker : public Component {
+class MixerSpeaker final : public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py
index a6330b1cc0..59bdffc114 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@functionpointer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONF_DRDY_PIN = "drdy_pin"
 CONF_HALLCONF = "hallconf"
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_TEMPERATURE_COMPENSATION]:
         for axis in [CONF_X_AXIS, CONF_Y_AXIS, CONF_Z_AXIS]:
             if axis not in config:
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def _validate(config):
     return config
 
 
-def mlx90393_axis_schema():
+def mlx90393_axis_schema() -> cv.Schema:
     return sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROTESLA,
         accuracy_decimals=0,
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp
index 7048302124..2288e8ff84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef USE_BK72XX
+
 #include "sensor_mlx90393.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -270,3 +272,5 @@ void MLX90393Cls::verify_settings_timeout_(MLX90393Setting stage) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mlx90393
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.h b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.h
index 28053216e2..03e78f51cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#ifndef USE_BK72XX
+
 #include <MLX90393.h>
 #include <MLX90393Hal.h>
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ enum MLX90393Setting {
   MLX90393_LAST,
 };
 
-class MLX90393Cls : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice, public MLX90393Hal {
+class MLX90393Cls final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice, public MLX90393Hal {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -76,3 +78,5 @@ class MLX90393Cls : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice, public MLX90
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mlx90393
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90614/mlx90614.h b/esphome/components/mlx90614/mlx90614.h
index 12081f20ac..882ee45186 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90614/mlx90614.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90614/mlx90614.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mlx90614 {
 
-class MLX90614Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MLX90614Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py
index 6a34c4bdc0..0cf9b95dde 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90614/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h b/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h
index 0d8eb152a7..d291e6d272 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ enum MMC5603Datarate {
   MMC5603_DATARATE_255_0_HZ,
 };
 
-class MMC5603Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MMC5603Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py
index 6d2bafdd0e..a9f240508c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5603/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_AUTO_SET_RESET = "auto_set_reset"
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def auto_data_rate(config):
+def auto_data_rate(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     interval_msec = config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds
     interval_hz = 1000.0 / interval_msec
     for datarate in sorted(MMC5603Datarates.keys()):
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ def auto_data_rate(config):
     return MMC5603Datarates[75]
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5983/mmc5983.h b/esphome/components/mmc5983/mmc5983.h
index 020d3b2e4c..3ab9e86dcd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5983/mmc5983.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5983/mmc5983.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mmc5983 {
 
-class MMC5983Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MMC5983Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void update() override;
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py
index aaff2946f2..797181690f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5983/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
index 9e64540382..769858e72a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
@@ -1,19 +1,42 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
-from typing import Literal
+from typing import Any, Literal, NamedTuple
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_DISABLE_CRC, CONF_FLOW_CONTROL_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_DISABLE_CRC,
+    CONF_FLOW_CONTROL_PIN,
+    CONF_ID,
+)
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# Loading the hub makes the modbus_client.* actions available (they are registry entries only; no code is
+# generated unless a config uses one).
+AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus_client"]
+
+# Mirrors modbus::MAX_PDU_SIZE in modbus_definitions.h: 256-byte RTU frame minus address and CRC.
+MAX_PDU_SIZE = 253
+
+# Mirror the per-function entity count limits from modbus_definitions.h. Keep these in step with the
+# C++ constants of the same name; the spec sets a different ceiling for each function code.
+MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ = 2000
+MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ = 2000
+MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE = 1968
+MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ = 125
+MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE = 123
+MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW = 121
 
 modbus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus")
 Modbus = modbus_ns.class_("Modbus", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
@@ -22,6 +45,7 @@ ModbusClient = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusClientHub", Modbus)
 ModbusDevice = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusDevice")
 ModbusClientDevice = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusClientDevice")
 ModbusServerDevice = modbus_ns.class_("ModbusServerDevice")
+CommandOptions = modbus_ns.struct("CommandOptions")
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 CONF_ROLE = "role"
@@ -31,6 +55,105 @@ CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME = "turnaround_time"
 
 MODBUS_ROLES = ["client", "server"]
 
+
+class _CommandOption(NamedTuple):
+    """One per-command option forwarded to the hub (modbus::CommandOptions)."""
+
+    conf_key: str
+    field: str  # the C++ field, and so the set_<field>() setter name
+    validator: Any  # the static (non-templatable) validator for the key
+    cpp_type: Any  # the C++ type the value is generated as
+    default: Any
+
+
+# Per-direction command options. Single-sourcing the schema and the setter generation here keeps
+# them from drifting; the C++ side must add the matching field per the rules documented on
+# CommandOptions (modbus.h).
+_COMMAND_OPTIONS: dict[str, list[_CommandOption]] = {
+    "read": [_CommandOption(CONF_CONTINUOUS, "continuous", cv.boolean, bool, False)],
+    "write": [],
+}
+
+
+def _command_options(direction: str) -> list[_CommandOption]:
+    try:
+        return _COMMAND_OPTIONS[direction]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown command-options direction {direction!r}") from None
+
+
+# The write (mutating) function codes, matching modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(). 0x17
+# (read/write multiple) is included: it mutates, so the hub treats it as a write despite its read half.
+_WRITE_FUNCTION_CODES = frozenset({0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x16, 0x17})
+
+
+def is_function_code_write(function_code: int) -> bool:
+    """True if the Modbus function code writes (mutates). The exception bit (0x80) is masked off first,
+    so an exception-flagged code still classifies by its base code - stricter than the runtime hub,
+    whose classify() treats an exception-flagged code as a read. Keep in sync with
+    modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write()."""
+    return function_code & 0x7F in _WRITE_FUNCTION_CODES
+
+
+def command_options_schema(
+    *, direction: Literal["read", "write"], templatable: bool = False
+) -> dict[cv.Optional, Any]:
+    """Schema fragment for the per-command options a component forwards to the hub
+    (modbus::CommandOptions). Extend this into any schema that queues commands. Keys are
+    direction-specific so a schema never offers an option the hub would strip (e.g.
+    continuous on a write); the write side has no options yet. For actions (templatable=True the
+    keys also accept lambdas), register the values with register_templatable_command_options().
+    """
+    return {
+        cv.Optional(option.conf_key, default=option.default): (
+            cv.templatable(option.validator) if templatable else option.validator
+        )
+        for option in _command_options(direction)
+    }
+
+
+def command_options_expression(
+    config: ConfigType, *, direction: Literal["read", "write"]
+) -> cg.StructInitializer:
+    """Build the modbus::CommandOptions initializer for a config validated with
+    command_options_schema() of the same direction. For static (non-templatable) options only;
+    actions with lambda values use register_templatable_command_options() instead.
+    """
+    return cg.StructInitializer(
+        CommandOptions,
+        *(
+            # Construct the value as its declared cpp_type, so a future non-bool option (enum,
+            # uint16_t, ...) is emitted with the right type instead of whatever safe_exp() infers.
+            (option.field, option.cpp_type(config[option.conf_key]))
+            for option in _command_options(direction)
+            if option.conf_key in config
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+async def register_templatable_command_options(
+    var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, args: TemplateArgsType, direction: str
+) -> None:
+    """Generate the set_<option>() calls for the given direction's command options present in config.
+    Pass the same direction the action's command_options_schema() used, so the keys generated match
+    the ones the schema offered - a write action never emits a read option's setter. Options the
+    schema did not add are simply absent. The consumer's C++ class declares a matching
+    TEMPLATABLE_VALUE per option (e.g. TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)).
+    """
+    for option in _command_options(direction):
+        if option.conf_key not in config:
+            continue
+        value = config[option.conf_key]
+        # Skip codegen when the value is its C++ zero (TemplatableFn::value() returns T{} when
+        # unset): behaviourally identical, and saves a thunk plus a setup() call per action.
+        if cg.is_template(value) or value != type(value)():
+            cg.add(
+                getattr(var, f"set_{option.field}")(
+                    await cg.templatable(value, args, option.cpp_type)
+                )
+            )
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
     {
         "client": cv.Schema(
@@ -69,7 +192,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(modbus_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -85,28 +208,62 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_turnaround_time(config[CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME]))
 
 
-def modbus_device_schema(default_address, role: Literal["client", "server"] = "client"):
+# The broadcast address (0) is delivered to every device and is never answered (Modbus 4.1),
+# so it cannot identify an individual device or read anything back.
+BROADCAST_ADDRESS = 0
+
+
+def reject_broadcast_address(
+    address: int, usage: str, guidance: str, path: list[str] | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Raise cv.Invalid if `address` is the Modbus broadcast address (0).
+
+    `usage` names how the address is being used (e.g. "a server device address") and `guidance`
+    is a sentence telling the user what to do instead. Sharing the leading sentence here keeps the
+    call sites (server device, modbus_controller) from drifting apart.
+    """
+    if address == BROADCAST_ADDRESS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Address 0 is the Modbus broadcast address and cannot be used as {usage}. {guidance}",
+            path,
+        )
+
+
+def _validate_server_address(value: Any) -> int:
+    address = cv.hex_uint8_t(value)
+    reject_broadcast_address(
+        address,
+        "a server device address",
+        "Assign a unique unit address instead.",
+    )
+    return address
+
+
+def modbus_device_schema(
+    default_address: int | None, role: Literal["client", "server"] = "client"
+) -> cv.Schema:
     hub_type = ModbusClient if role == "client" else ModbusServer
+    address_validator = _validate_server_address if role == "server" else cv.hex_uint8_t
     schema = {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_MODBUS_ID): cv.use_id(hub_type),
     }
     if default_address is None:
-        schema[cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS)] = cv.hex_uint8_t
+        schema[cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS)] = address_validator
     else:
-        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS, default=default_address)] = cv.hex_uint8_t
+        schema[cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS, default=default_address)] = address_validator
     return cv.Schema(schema)
 
 
 def final_validate_modbus_device(
     name: str, *, role: Literal["server", "client"] | None = None
-):
-    def validate_role(value):
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    def validate_role(value: str) -> str:
         assert role in MODBUS_ROLES
         if value != role:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"Component {name} requires role to be {role}")
         return value
 
-    def validate_hub(hub_config):
+    def validate_hub(hub_config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         hub_schema = {}
         if role is not None:
             hub_schema[cv.Required(CONF_ROLE)] = validate_role
@@ -119,19 +276,19 @@ def final_validate_modbus_device(
     )
 
 
-async def register_modbus_client_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_client_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MODBUS_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
 
 
-async def register_modbus_server_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_server_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MODBUS_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
     cg.add(parent.register_device(var))
 
 
-async def register_modbus_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Remove before 2026.12.0
     _LOGGER.warning(
         "'register_modbus_device' is deprecated, use 'register_modbus_client_device' "
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py b/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py
index 6f97f1e605..ec95b82045 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/helpers.py
@@ -3,33 +3,37 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 modbus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus")
 modbus_helpers_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("helpers")
 
-ModbusFunctionCode_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("ModbusFunctionCode")
-ModbusFunctionCode = ModbusFunctionCode_ns.enum("ModbusFunctionCode")
+RegisterValues = modbus_ns.class_("RegisterValues")
+PduBuffer = modbus_helpers_ns.class_("PduBuffer")
+
+FunctionCode_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("FunctionCode")
+FunctionCode = FunctionCode_ns.enum("FunctionCode")
 
 MODBUS_FUNCTION_CODE = {
-    "read_coils": ModbusFunctionCode.READ_COILS,
-    "read_discrete_inputs": ModbusFunctionCode.READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS,
-    "read_holding_registers": ModbusFunctionCode.READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS,
-    "read_input_registers": ModbusFunctionCode.READ_INPUT_REGISTERS,
-    "write_single_coil": ModbusFunctionCode.WRITE_SINGLE_COIL,
-    "write_single_register": ModbusFunctionCode.WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER,
-    "write_multiple_coils": ModbusFunctionCode.WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS,
-    "write_multiple_registers": ModbusFunctionCode.WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS,
+    "read_coils": FunctionCode.READ_COILS,
+    "read_discrete_inputs": FunctionCode.READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS,
+    "read_holding_registers": FunctionCode.READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS,
+    "read_input_registers": FunctionCode.READ_INPUT_REGISTERS,
+    "write_single_coil": FunctionCode.WRITE_SINGLE_COIL,
+    "write_single_register": FunctionCode.WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER,
+    "write_multiple_coils": FunctionCode.WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS,
+    "write_multiple_registers": FunctionCode.WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS,
 }
 
-ModbusRegisterType_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("ModbusRegisterType")
-ModbusRegisterType = ModbusRegisterType_ns.enum("ModbusRegisterType")
+EntityType_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("EntityType")
+EntityType = EntityType_ns.enum("EntityType")
 
 MODBUS_WRITE_REGISTER_TYPE = {
-    "custom": ModbusRegisterType.CUSTOM,
-    "coil": ModbusRegisterType.COIL,
-    "holding": ModbusRegisterType.HOLDING,
+    "custom": EntityType.CUSTOM,
+    "coil": EntityType.COIL,
+    "holding": EntityType.HOLDING,
 }
 
 MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE = {
     **MODBUS_WRITE_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    "discrete_input": ModbusRegisterType.DISCRETE_INPUT,
-    "read": ModbusRegisterType.READ,
+    "discrete_input": EntityType.DISCRETE_INPUT,
+    "read": EntityType.INPUT_REGISTER,
+    "input": EntityType.INPUT_REGISTER,
 }
 
 SensorValueType_ns = modbus_helpers_ns.namespace("SensorValueType")
@@ -37,7 +41,9 @@ SensorValueType = SensorValueType_ns.enum("SensorValueType")
 SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE = {
     "RAW": SensorValueType.RAW,
     "U_WORD": SensorValueType.U_WORD,
+    "U_WORD_S": SensorValueType.U_WORD_S,
     "S_WORD": SensorValueType.S_WORD,
+    "S_WORD_S": SensorValueType.S_WORD_S,
     "U_DWORD": SensorValueType.U_DWORD,
     "U_DWORD_R": SensorValueType.U_DWORD_R,
     "S_DWORD": SensorValueType.S_DWORD,
@@ -53,7 +59,9 @@ SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE = {
 TYPE_REGISTER_MAP = {
     "RAW": 1,
     "U_WORD": 1,
+    "U_WORD_S": 1,
     "S_WORD": 1,
+    "S_WORD_S": 1,
     "U_DWORD": 2,
     "U_DWORD_R": 2,
     "S_DWORD": 2,
@@ -69,7 +77,9 @@ TYPE_REGISTER_MAP = {
 CPP_TYPE_REGISTER_MAP = {
     "RAW": cg.uint16,
     "U_WORD": cg.uint16,
+    "U_WORD_S": cg.uint16,
     "S_WORD": cg.int16,
+    "S_WORD_S": cg.int16,
     "U_DWORD": cg.uint32,
     "U_DWORD_R": cg.uint32,
     "S_DWORD": cg.int32,
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index 488bcf1459..e83ffb2708 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #include "modbus.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -15,6 +18,9 @@ static constexpr uint32_t MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR = 11;
 // Milliseconds per second
 static constexpr uint32_t MS_PER_SEC = 1000;
 
+// Shortest gap between two "no device accepted broadcast" warnings
+static constexpr uint32_t UNACCEPTED_BROADCAST_WARN_INTERVAL_MS = 60 * MS_PER_SEC;
+
 void Modbus::setup() {
   if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->flow_control_pin_->setup();
@@ -45,27 +51,46 @@ void Modbus::loop() {
 }
 
 void ModbusClientHub::loop() {
-  // Call base class to receive bytes and parse frames
-  this->Modbus::loop();
+  // Drain anything owed since the last loop (e.g. an external clear) before the watchdog runs, so it
+  // never times out an entry whose pending count has not been drained. No-op when nothing is owed.
+  this->sweep_();
 
-  //  If we're past the send_wait_time timeout and response buffer doesn't have the start of the expected response
-  if (this->waiting_for_response_.has_value()) {
-    ModbusDeviceCommand &wfr = this->waiting_for_response_.value();
-    uint8_t expected_address = wfr.frame.data.get()[0];
-    if (this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_ > this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->send_wait_time_ &&
-        (this->rx_buffer_.empty() || this->rx_buffer_[0] != expected_address)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Stop waiting for response from %" PRIu8 " %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", expected_address,
-               this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_);
-      if (wfr.device)
-        wfr.device->on_modbus_no_response();
-      this->waiting_for_response_.reset();
-    }
+  this->Modbus::loop();  // receive bytes and parse frames
+
+  // Send-wait watchdog: only the cheap time check runs at loop rate; expire_waiting_() looks the
+  // entry up and holds off if the response has started arriving.
+  if (this->waiting_for_response_ &&
+      this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_ > this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->send_wait_time_) {
+    this->expire_waiting_();
   }
 
-  //  If there's no response pending and there's commands in the buffer
+  this->sweep_();  // deliver owed callbacks with the hub quiescent
   this->send_next_frame_();
 }
 
+void ModbusClientHub::expire_waiting_() {
+  ModbusDeviceCommand *cmd = this->find_waiting_();
+  if (cmd == nullptr) {
+    this->waiting_for_response_ = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->rx_buffer_.empty() && this->rx_buffer_[0] == cmd->frame.address()) {
+    // The start of the response is in the buffer: let the frame finish arriving.
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only a genuine WAITING entry warrants the log (a cleared or interrupted shell timing out is expected).
+  if (cmd->state == FrameState::WAITING) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Stop waiting for response from %" PRIu8 " %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", cmd->frame.address(),
+             this->last_receive_check_ - this->last_send_);
+  }
+  // Deliver on_no_response directly, the way the parse path delivers response()/error(): the entry
+  // lands in TIMED_OUT and the following sweep reschedules a retry or erases it. Free the
+  // wire first so a resend from inside the callback sees it available.
+  this->waiting_for_response_ = false;
+  this->sweep_needed_ = true;
+  cmd->timed_out();
+}
+
 bool Modbus::timeout_() {
   // If the response frame is finished (including interframe delay) - we timeout.
   // The long_rx_buffer_delay accounts for long responses (larger than the UART rx_full_threshold) to avoid timeouts
@@ -111,12 +136,21 @@ bool Modbus::tx_blocked() {
 
 bool ModbusClientHub::tx_blocked() {
   // We block transmission in any of these case:
-  // 1. We're waiting for a response
+  // 1. We're waiting for a response (a waiting entry: WAITING/INTERRUPTED/WAITING_RETIRED/INTERRUPTED_RETIRED)
   // 2. Any of the base class tx_blocked conditions
-  return (this->waiting_for_response_.has_value()) || this->Modbus::tx_blocked();
+  return this->waiting_for_response_ || this->Modbus::tx_blocked();
 }
 
-bool ModbusClientHub::tx_buffer_empty() { return this->tx_buffer_.empty(); }
+bool ModbusClientHub::tx_buffer_empty() {
+  // "Empty" for ready_for_immediate_send(): no one-shot is queued ahead of the caller. Entries in
+  // other states are mid-transaction or owed bookkeeping, not queued sends - and a READY continuous
+  // poll does not count either, since it ranks below every one-shot, so a new send goes out first.
+  for (const auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+    if (cmd.state == FrameState::READY && !cmd.options.continuous)
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 
 void Modbus::receive_bytes_() {
   this->last_receive_check_ = millis();
@@ -155,6 +189,10 @@ void ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_frames() {
     size_t size = this->rx_buffer_.size();
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Parsing frames buffer size = %" PRIu32, size);
     bool retry_as_client = false;
+    // A broadcast is a client request, never a peer response; clear any stale expectation (RTU is half-duplex).
+    const bool is_broadcast = this->rx_buffer_[0] == BROADCAST_ADDRESS;
+    if (is_broadcast)
+      this->expecting_peer_response_ = 0;
     if (this->expecting_peer_response_ != 0) {
       if (!this->parse_modbus_server_frame_()) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop expecting peer response from %" PRIu8 " due to parse failure, and retry parse",
@@ -181,14 +219,25 @@ void ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_frames() {
     this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("timeout after partial response"), true);
 }
 
-uint16_t Modbus::find_custom_frame_end_(uint16_t min_length) const {
-  // Custom functions could be any length - we have to rely on the CRC to determine completeness.
+uint16_t Modbus::find_frame_end_by_crc_(uint16_t min_length) const {
+  // Unknown-length functions (user-defined codes, unimplemented management codes, unassigned values)
+  // could be any length - we have to rely on the CRC to determine completeness.
   // If a CRC match is never found, the buffer will eventually overflow and be cleared.
   const uint8_t *raw = &this->rx_buffer_[0];
   const size_t size = this->rx_buffer_.size();
-  for (uint16_t len = min_length; len <= std::min(size, size_t(MAX_FRAME_SIZE)); len++) {
-    if (crc16(raw, len) == 0)
-      return len;
+  const auto max_len = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(size, size_t(MAX_FRAME_SIZE)));
+  if (min_length > max_len)
+    return 0;
+  // The Modbus CRC (poly 0xa001, refin/refout false) keeps its running state in the returned value,
+  // so we seed once over the first min_length bytes and extend one byte at a time instead of
+  // recomputing the whole prefix for every candidate length.
+  uint16_t crc = crc16(raw, min_length);
+  if (crc == 0)
+    return min_length;
+  for (uint16_t len = min_length; len < max_len; len++) {
+    crc = crc16(&raw[len], 1, crc);
+    if (crc == 0)
+      return len + 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -203,11 +252,11 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_server_frame_() {
   uint8_t address = this->rx_buffer_[0];
   uint8_t function_code = this->rx_buffer_[1];
 
-  if (helpers::is_function_code_custom(function_code)) {
-    frame_length = this->find_custom_frame_end_(frame_length);
+  if (helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(function_code)) {
+    frame_length = this->find_frame_end_by_crc_(frame_length);
     if (frame_length == 0)
       return size < MAX_FRAME_SIZE;  // Continue to parse until we hit max size
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "User-defined function %02X found", function_code);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unknown-length function %02X found", function_code);
   } else {
     if (crc16(&this->rx_buffer_[0], frame_length) != 0)
       return false;
@@ -215,11 +264,10 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_server_frame_() {
 
   // Process before clearing: process_modbus_server_frame (receiving a response or peer message) never sends a reply
   // synchronously. We can safely point directly into rx_buffer_ and avoid a copy.
-  uint8_t data_offset = helpers::server_frame_data_offset(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
-  const uint8_t *data = this->rx_buffer_.data() + data_offset;
-  uint16_t data_len = frame_length - 2 - data_offset;
+  // The PDU is the frame without the leading address and the trailing CRC.
+  std::span<const uint8_t> pdu(this->rx_buffer_.data() + 1, frame_length - 3);
 
-  this->process_modbus_server_frame(address, function_code, data, data_len);
+  this->process_modbus_server_frame(address, pdu);
   this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("parse succeeded"), false, frame_length);
 
   return true;
@@ -235,11 +283,11 @@ bool ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_client_frame_() {
   uint8_t address = this->rx_buffer_[0];
   uint8_t function_code = this->rx_buffer_[1];
 
-  if (helpers::is_function_code_custom(function_code)) {
-    frame_length = this->find_custom_frame_end_(frame_length);
+  if (helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(function_code)) {
+    frame_length = this->find_frame_end_by_crc_(frame_length);
     if (frame_length == 0)
       return size < MAX_FRAME_SIZE;  // Continue to parse until we hit max size
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "User-defined function %02X found", function_code);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unknown-length function %02X found", function_code);
   } else {
     if (crc16(&this->rx_buffer_[0], frame_length) != 0)
       return false;
@@ -250,73 +298,76 @@ bool ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_client_frame_() {
   // This requires copying the frame data to a local buffer beforehand.
   uint8_t data_offset = helpers::client_frame_data_offset(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
   uint16_t data_len = frame_length - 2 - data_offset;
-  uint8_t data[MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
-  std::memcpy(data, this->rx_buffer_.data() + data_offset, data_len);
+  uint8_t data_buffer[MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  std::memcpy(data_buffer, this->rx_buffer_.data() + data_offset, data_len);
+  std::span<const uint8_t> data(data_buffer, data_len);
   this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("parse succeeded"), false, frame_length);
 
-  this->process_modbus_client_frame_(address, function_code, data);
+  if (address == BROADCAST_ADDRESS) {
+    // Keep the unicast response buffers out of the broadcast call chain.
+    this->process_broadcast_frame_(function_code, data);
+  } else {
+    this->process_modbus_client_frame_(address, function_code, data);
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
 
-void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data,
-                                                  uint16_t len) {
-  if (!this->waiting_for_response_.has_value()) {
+// The parser (parse_modbus_server_frame_) guarantees the bounds relied on here: pdu is never empty,
+// and an exception-flagged pdu is at least 2 bytes. Keep that in mind when changing server_pdu_length().
+void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+  const uint8_t function_code = pdu[0];
+  ModbusDeviceCommand *cmd = this->waiting_for_response_ ? this->find_waiting_() : nullptr;
+  if (cmd == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG,
              "Received unexpected frame from address %" PRIu8 ", function code 0x%X, %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
              address, function_code, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
     return;
-  } else {  // We are waiting for a response
-    // Check if the response matches the expected address and function code
+  }
 
-    ModbusDeviceCommand &wfr = this->waiting_for_response_.value();
-    uint8_t expected_address = wfr.frame.data.get()[0];
-    uint8_t expected_function_code = wfr.frame.data.get()[1];
-    if (expected_address != address || expected_function_code != (function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-               "Received incorrect frame address %" PRIu8 " <> %" PRIu8 " or function code 0x%X <> 0x%X, %" PRIu32
-               "ms after last send",
-               address, expected_address, (function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK), expected_function_code,
-               this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
-      // Invalidate the waiting device so it won't process this response.
-      if (wfr.device)
-        wfr.device->on_modbus_no_response();
-      wfr.interrupted = true;
-      wfr.device = nullptr;
-      return;
-    }
+  // Check if the response matches the expected address and function code
+  const uint8_t expected_address = cmd->frame.address();
+  const uint8_t expected_function_code = cmd->frame.pdu()[0];
+  if (expected_address != address || expected_function_code != (function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "Received incorrect frame address %" PRIu8 " <> %" PRIu8 " or function code 0x%X <> 0x%X, %" PRIu32
+             "ms after last send",
+             address, expected_address, (function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK), expected_function_code,
+             this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+    // Unexpected frame: flip a WAITING entry to an INTERRUPTED shell that ignores the rest of this
+    // transaction and blocks tx until the send-wait timeout, where it gets its on_no_response.
+    cmd->interrupt();
+    return;
+  }
 
-    if (wfr.interrupted) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-               "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - transmission interrupted by previous unexpected response, %" PRIu32
-               "ms after last send",
-               address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
-      return;
-    } else {  // We have a valid device waiting for this response
+  if (cmd->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED || cmd->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED) {
+    // An interrupted shell keeps blocking until the send-wait timeout; a late response for it is
+    // ignored and does NOT free the wire. The distrust survives a clear (INTERRUPTED_RETIRED), so a
+    // cleared-interrupted frame still ends in on_no_response rather than delivering a late response.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - transmission interrupted by previous unexpected response, %" PRIu32
+             "ms after last send",
+             address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+    return;
+  }
 
-      ModbusClientDevice *device = wfr.device;
-      this->waiting_for_response_.reset();
-      // Is it an error response?
-      if (helpers::is_function_code_exception(function_code)) {
-        uint8_t exception = len > 0 ? data[0] : 0;
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-                 "Error function code: 0x%X exception: %" PRIu8 ", address: %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
-                 function_code, exception, address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
-        if (device)
-          device->on_modbus_error(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK, exception);
-
-      } else if (device) {  // Not an error response
-        // on_modbus_data is existing public API taking const std::vector<uint8_t>&
-        device->on_modbus_data(std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len));
-      } else {  // Not an error response, but no device to respond to
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - no callback device set, %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
-                 address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
-      }
-    }
+  // Deliver at parse time so the response span can point into the rx buffer (zero copy). error()/
+  // response() set the state and consume the request BEFORE the callback, so a clear from inside it
+  // ("stop polling now") wins. A device-less shell runs no callback and the sweep erases it.
+  this->waiting_for_response_ = false;
+  this->sweep_needed_ = true;
+  if (helpers::is_function_code_exception(function_code)) {
+    uint8_t exception = pdu[1];  // exception frames are fixed-length, so the code is always present
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error function code: 0x%X exception: %" PRIu8 ", address: %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
+             function_code, exception, address, this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
+    cmd->error(static_cast<ExceptionCode>(exception));
+  } else if (!cmd->response(pdu)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring response from %" PRIu8 " - no callback device set, %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", address,
+             this->last_modbus_byte_ - this->last_send_);
   }
 }
 
-void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *, uint16_t) {
+void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t>) {
   if (this->find_device_(address) != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unexpected response from address %" PRIu8 ", which is mapped to this device.", address);
   }
@@ -341,18 +392,223 @@ ModbusServerDevice *ModbusServerHub::find_device_(uint8_t address) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool ModbusServerHub::check_register_range_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                                            uint16_t number_of_registers) {
-  if ((uint32_t) start_address + number_of_registers > 0x10000u) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register address out of range - start: %" PRIu16 " num: %" PRIu16, start_address,
-             number_of_registers);
-    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::check_address_range_(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t count) {
+  if (!helpers::address_range_fits(start_address, count)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Address out of range - start: %" PRIu16 " num: %" PRIu16, start_address, count);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+// Write PDU layout after the function code: start address(2) [+ quantity(2) + byte count(1)] + register values.
+// The value subspans taken at these offsets stay in range because client_pdu_length() clamps the byte count to the
+// same maximum the callers' number_of_registers * 2 == number_of_bytes guard enforces.
+static constexpr size_t WRITE_SINGLE_VALUES_OFFSET = 2;
+static constexpr size_t WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET = 5;
+// FC 0x17 writes follow read start(2) + read quantity(2) + write start(2) + write quantity(2) + byte count(1).
+static constexpr size_t READ_WRITE_VALUES_OFFSET = 9;
+// A coil write (FC 0x0F) is function(1) + start(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + packed bits. The largest
+// one (MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE coils) must fit the received request PDU, so the value subspan taken at
+// WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET can never run past it.
+static_assert(1 + WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET + packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE) <= MAX_PDU_SIZE,
+              "the largest FC 0x0F coil write must fit within MAX_PDU_SIZE");
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_single_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                    RegisterValues &registers) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  // No range check needed: one register can never push start_address + 1 past the address space.
+  this->assemble_registers_(data.subspan(WRITE_SINGLE_VALUES_OFFSET, sizeof(uint16_t)), registers);
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_multiple_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                      RegisterValues &registers) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+  uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data.data(), 4);
+  if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE ||
+      number_of_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_registers, number_of_bytes);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  if (ResponseStatus status = this->check_address_range_(start_address, number_of_registers); status.has_value()) {
+    return status;
+  }
+  this->assemble_registers_(data.subspan(WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET, number_of_bytes), registers);
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_read_request_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t max_entities,
+                                                    const LogString *entity_name, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                    uint16_t &count) {
+  // Every read request is start address(2) + quantity(2); only the protocol ceiling differs per function
+  // code, so registers and coils/discrete inputs validate through here and cannot drift apart.
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  count = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+  if (count == 0 || count > max_entities) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of %s %" PRIu16, LOG_STR_ARG(entity_name), count);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  return this->check_address_range_(start_address, count);
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_single_coil_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                         bool &value) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  const uint16_t raw_value = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), WRITE_SINGLE_VALUES_OFFSET);
+  if (raw_value != 0xFF00 && raw_value != 0x0000) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid coil value 0x%04X", raw_value);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  // No range check needed: one coil can never push start_address + 1 past the address space.
+  value = raw_value == 0xFF00;
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+ResponseStatus ModbusServerHub::parse_write_multiple_coils_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                                            uint16_t &count, std::span<const uint8_t> &packed_bytes) {
+  start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+  const uint16_t number_of_bits = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+  const uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data.data(), 4);
+  if (number_of_bits == 0 || number_of_bits > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE ||
+      packed_bit_bytes(number_of_bits) != number_of_bytes) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of coils %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_bits, number_of_bytes);
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
+  }
+  if (ResponseStatus status = this->check_address_range_(start_address, number_of_bits); status.has_value()) {
+    return status;
+  }
+  count = number_of_bits;
+  // coil values follow start(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1)
+  packed_bytes = data.subspan(WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_OFFSET, number_of_bytes);
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::assemble_registers_(std::span<const uint8_t> values, RegisterValues &registers) {
+  for (size_t offset = 0; offset + 1 < values.size(); offset += 2) {
+    registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(values.data(), offset));
+  }
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::process_broadcast_frame_(uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  // Broadcasts are only meaningful for writes and are never answered (Modbus 4.1 / 6.12), so an unsupported
+  // function code or a validation failure is silently dropped instead of replying with an exception. Both
+  // register writes (FC 0x06/0x10) and coil writes (FC 0x05/0x0F) are broadcastable by spec, and each shares
+  // its parser with the addressed path so a broadcast is validated exactly as the unicast form would be.
+  uint16_t start_address;
+  RegisterValues registers;
+  uint16_t coil_count = 0;
+  std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes;
+  uint8_t single_bit = 0;  // backs packed_bytes for a single-coil write, so it must outlive the loop below
+  bool coils = false;
+  ResponseStatus status;
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code)) {
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+      status = this->parse_write_single_(data, start_address, registers);
+      break;
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      status = this->parse_write_multiple_(data, start_address, registers);
+      break;
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL: {
+      coils = true;
+      bool value = false;
+      status = this->parse_write_single_coil_(data, start_address, value);
+      single_bit = value ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+      coil_count = 1;
+      packed_bytes = std::span<const uint8_t>(&single_bit, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+      coils = true;
+      status = this->parse_write_multiple_coils_(data, start_address, coil_count, packed_bytes);
+      break;
+    default:
+      // Reads and read/write require a reply, so they are not valid as broadcasts.
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignoring broadcast with unsupported function code %" PRIu8, function_code);
+      return;
+  }
+  if (status.has_value()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // A broadcast is never answered, so a rejecting device has no other feedback channel: report the
+  // per-device outcome at V, and warn if the write reached nobody at all.
+  bool accepted = false;
+  for (auto *device : this->devices_) {
+    // Same handlers as an addressed write - a device cannot tell a broadcast apart, and does not need
+    // to: the hub owns the difference, which is only that no reply is ever sent.
+    const ResponseStatus device_status =
+        coils ? device->on_write_coils(start_address, PackedBits(packed_bytes, coil_count))
+              : device->on_write_registers(start_address, registers);
+    if (device_status.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Device %" PRIu8 " rejected broadcast write with exception %" PRIu8, device->get_address(),
+               static_cast<uint8_t>(device_status.value()));
+    } else {
+      accepted = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!accepted && !this->devices_.empty()) {
+    const uint16_t entity_count = coils ? coil_count : static_cast<uint16_t>(registers.size());
+    const LogString *const entity_name = coils ? LOG_STR("coils") : LOG_STR("registers");
+    // Warn at most once per interval, then drop to VERBOSE: on a shared bus a broadcast aimed at other nodes
+    // repeats forever, so warning per frame would flood the log.
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    if (this->last_unaccepted_broadcast_warn_ == 0 ||
+        now - this->last_unaccepted_broadcast_warn_ > UNACCEPTED_BROADCAST_WARN_INTERVAL_MS) {
+      this->last_unaccepted_broadcast_warn_ = now;
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No device accepted broadcast write of %" PRIu16 " %s at 0x%04X", entity_count,
+               LOG_STR_ARG(entity_name), start_address);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "No device accepted broadcast write of %" PRIu16 " %s at 0x%04X", entity_count,
+               LOG_STR_ARG(entity_name), start_address);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool ModbusServerHub::build_or_reject_read_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status,
+                                                     uint16_t number_of_registers, const RegisterValues &registers,
+                                                     std::span<uint8_t> response_buffer, uint16_t &response_len) {
+  // A handler that returns an exception leaves registers partially filled, so check the exception
+  // first and forward it before validating the register count on the success path.
+  if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
     return false;
   }
+
+  if (registers.size() != number_of_registers) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incorrect response %" PRIu16 " requested, %zu returned", number_of_registers, registers.size());
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The byte count is a single byte, so the count must stay within the protocol read limit; above it the
+  // static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2) below would silently truncate the byte count.
+  if (number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read response of %" PRIu16 " registers exceeds the limit of %" PRIu16, number_of_registers,
+             MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ);
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Byte count(1) + two bytes per register. Checked here rather than at the call sites so the bound travels with
+  // the write itself: a future caller starting at a non-zero response_len, or passing a smaller buffer, is
+  // rejected instead of overrunning it before send_response_'s size guard can fire.
+  const size_t required = static_cast<size_t>(response_len) + 1 + static_cast<size_t>(number_of_registers) * 2;
+  if (required > response_buffer.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read response needs %zu bytes but only %zu are available", required, response_buffer.size());
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  response_buffer[response_len++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2);  // actual byte count
+  for (auto r : registers) {
+    auto register_bytes = decode_value(r);
+    response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[0];
+    response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[1];
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
-void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data) {
+void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code,
+                                                   std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   ModbusServerDevice *device = this->find_device_(address);
   if (device == nullptr) {
     this->expecting_peer_response_ = address;
@@ -360,123 +616,188 @@ void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t func
     return;
   }
 
-  ServerResponseStatus status;
+  ResponseStatus status;
   uint8_t response_buffer[modbus::MAX_RAW_SIZE];
   const uint8_t *response_data = response_buffer;
   uint16_t response_len = 0;
 
-  switch (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code)) {
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: {
-      // PDU data: start address(2) + quantity(2).
-      uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0);
-      uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2);
-      if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16, number_of_registers);
-        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!this->check_register_range_(address, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers)) {
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code)) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: {
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      uint16_t number_of_registers;
+      status = this->parse_read_request_(data, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, LOG_STR("registers"), start_address,
+                                         number_of_registers);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
         return;
       }
       RegisterValues registers;
-      if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS) {
-        status = device->on_modbus_read_holding_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+      if (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code) == FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS) {
+        status = device->on_read_holding_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
       } else {
-        status = device->on_modbus_read_input_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+        status = device->on_read_input_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
       }
 
-      // A handler that returns an exception leaves registers partially filled, so check the exception
-      // first and forward it before validating the register count on the success path.
-      if (status.has_value()) {
-        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
+      if (!this->build_or_reject_read_response_(address, function_code, status, number_of_registers, registers,
+                                                response_buffer, response_len)) {
         return;
       }
-
-      if (registers.size() != number_of_registers) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incorrect response %" PRIu16 " requested, %zu returned", number_of_registers, registers.size());
-        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      response_buffer[response_len++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2);  // actual byte count
-      for (auto r : registers) {
-        auto register_bytes = decode_value(r);
-        response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[0];
-        response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[1];
-      }
       break;
     }
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
-      // PDU data: start address(2) [+ quantity(2) + byte count(1)] + register values.
-      // A single-register write always targets one register; for a multiple-register write the
-      // quantity is in the frame and its byte count must equal quantity * 2. The register values are
-      // assembled into registers below so the handler doesn't have to know the request framing.
-      uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0);
-      uint16_t number_of_registers = 1;
-      uint16_t values_offset = 2;  // single write: values follow the 2-byte start address
-      if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
-        number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2);
-        uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data, 4);
-        values_offset = 5;  // multiple write: values follow start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1)
-        if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE ||
-            number_of_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_registers,
-                   number_of_bytes);
-          this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-          return;
-        }
-        if (!this->check_register_range_(address, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers)) {
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-      // Assemble the register values (host byte order) so the handler never sees wire framing.
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // Parse and validate the write PDU into host-order register values; reply with an exception on failure.
+      uint16_t start_address;
       RegisterValues registers;
-      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number_of_registers; i++) {
-        registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, values_offset + i * 2));
+      if (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code) == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
+        status = this->parse_write_single_(data, start_address, registers);
+      } else {
+        status = this->parse_write_multiple_(data, start_address, registers);
       }
-      status = device->on_modbus_write_registers(start_address, registers);
-      response_data = data;  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.6, 6.12
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      status = device->on_write_registers(start_address, registers);
+      response_data = data.data();  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.6, 6.12
       response_len = 4;
       break;
     }
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS: {
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      uint16_t number_of_bits;
+      status =
+          this->parse_read_request_(data, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ, LOG_STR("bits"), start_address, number_of_bits);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Response: byte count(1) + packed bytes, written straight into the pre-zeroed response buffer. It
+      // always fits: the parse above caps the count, and a static_assert bounds that against MAX_RAW_SIZE.
+      const uint8_t byte_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(packed_bit_bytes(number_of_bits));
+      response_buffer[response_len++] = byte_count;
+      // Take the packed-bytes span off a span that knows response_buffer's real size, so a future non-zero
+      // response_len (e.g. a prefix written before the packed data) is a bounds error, not a silent overrun.
+      std::span<uint8_t> packed_out = std::span<uint8_t>(response_buffer).subspan(response_len, byte_count);
+      std::fill(packed_out.begin(), packed_out.end(), 0);
+      MutablePackedBits bits(packed_out, number_of_bits);
+      if (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code) == FunctionCode::READ_COILS) {
+        status = device->on_read_coils(start_address, bits);
+      } else {
+        status = device->on_read_discrete_inputs(start_address, bits);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      response_len += byte_count;
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL: {
+      // A single coil is handed to the device as a one-bit packed view, the same form a multiple-coil
+      // write takes, so a device only ever implements one coil write handler.
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      bool value = false;
+      status = this->parse_write_single_coil_(data, start_address, value);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const uint8_t single_bit = value ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+      status = device->on_write_coils(start_address, PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(&single_bit, 1), 1));
+      response_data = data.data();  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.5, 6.11
+      response_len = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS: {
+      // Parse and validate the coil write PDU into a packed-bit view; reply with an exception on failure.
+      uint16_t start_address;
+      uint16_t count;
+      std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes;
+      status = this->parse_write_multiple_coils_(data, start_address, count, packed_bytes);
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      status = device->on_write_coils(start_address, PackedBits(packed_bytes, count));
+      response_data = data.data();  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.5, 6.11
+      response_len = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // PDU data: read start address(2) + read quantity(2) + write start address(2) + write quantity(2) +
+      // write byte count(1) + write register values. Per Modbus 6.17 the write is performed before the read.
+      uint16_t read_start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0);
+      uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 2);
+      uint16_t write_start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 4);
+      uint16_t number_of_write_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 6);
+      uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data.data(), 8);
+      if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ ||
+          number_of_write_registers == 0 || number_of_write_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW ||
+          number_of_write_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers (read %" PRIu16 ", write %" PRIu16 ") or bytes %" PRIu8,
+                 number_of_registers, number_of_write_registers, number_of_bytes);
+        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+        return;
+      }
+      status = this->check_address_range_(read_start_address, number_of_registers);
+      if (!status.has_value()) {
+        status = this->check_address_range_(write_start_address, number_of_write_registers);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Perform the write first (Modbus 6.17). Scoped so the write values are off the stack before the read
+      // values are allocated, keeping only one RegisterValues buffer live at a time.
+      {
+        RegisterValues write_registers;
+        this->assemble_registers_(data.subspan(READ_WRITE_VALUES_OFFSET, number_of_bytes), write_registers);
+        // Dispatch to the standalone write and read handlers so any device implementing those supports 0x17
+        // without a dedicated handler; a device that maps registers by address reconstructs the read response
+        // from the values it just stored.
+        status = device->on_write_registers(write_start_address, write_registers);
+      }
+      if (this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      RegisterValues registers;
+      status = device->on_read_holding_registers(read_start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+
+      if (!this->build_or_reject_read_response_(address, function_code, status, number_of_registers, registers,
+                                                response_buffer, response_len)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported function code %" PRIu8, function_code);
-      this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
+      this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
       return;
   }
-  if (status.has_value()) {
-    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
-  } else {
+  if (!this->rejected_(address, function_code, status)) {
     this->send_response_(address, function_code, response_data, response_len);
   }
 }
 
+// Callers gate on tx_blocked() first, but the pre-send delay below can span several ms, so re-check
+// after it and refuse (return false) if a byte arrived in that window rather than transmit over it.
 bool Modbus::send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame) {
-  if (this->tx_blocked()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Attempted to send while transmission blocked");
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (frame.size > MAX_FRAME_SIZE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Attempted to send frame larger than max frame size of %" PRIu16 " bytes", MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
-    return false;
-  }
-
   const int32_t tx_delay_remaining = this->tx_delay_remaining();
   if (tx_delay_remaining > 0) {
     delay(tx_delay_remaining);
   }
 
+  // The delay above can span several ms; a byte arriving in that window blocks transmission after the
+  // caller's gate already passed. Don't collide with the incoming frame - leave the entry to retry.
+  if (this->tx_blocked()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    this->write_array(frame.data.get(), frame.size);
+    this->write_array(frame.data.data(), frame.size());
     this->flush();
     this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(false);
     this->last_send_tx_offset_ = 0;
   } else {
-    this->write_array(frame.data.get(), frame.size);
-    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = frame.size * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate() + 1;
+    this->write_array(frame.data.data(), frame.size());
+    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = frame.size() * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate() + 1;
   }
 
   uint32_t now = millis();
@@ -484,35 +805,38 @@ bool Modbus::send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame) {
   char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
 #endif
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write: %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send, %" PRIu32 "ms after last receive",
-           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, frame.data.get(), frame.size), now - this->last_send_,
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, frame.data.data(), frame.size()), now - this->last_send_,
            now - this->last_modbus_byte_);
   this->last_send_ = now;
   return true;
 }
 
 void ModbusClientHub::send_next_frame_() {
-  if (this->tx_buffer_.empty()) {
+  if (this->tx_blocked())
+    return;
+
+  ModbusDeviceCommand *cmd = this->select_next_ready_();
+  if (cmd == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  if (!this->send_frame_(cmd->frame)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Send deferred for %" PRIu8 ": a frame arrived during the send delay, will retry",
+             cmd->frame.address());
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this->tx_blocked()) {
+  cmd->sent();
+  if (cmd->frame.address() == BROADCAST_ADDRESS) {
+    // A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so it is fire-and-forget: on_sent above
+    // reports the transmission, and the entry then retires with no terminal callback instead of
+    // occupying the waiting slot until the send-wait timeout expires. The turnaround delay already
+    // spaces the next frame; the following sweep erases the entry.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Broadcast to address 0 sent; no reply expected (fire-and-forget)");
+    cmd->complete_broadcast();
+    this->sweep_needed_ = true;
     return;
   }
-
-  ModbusDeviceCommand &command = this->tx_buffer_.front();
-
-  if (this->send_frame_(command.frame)) {
-    this->waiting_for_response_ = std::move(command);
-  } else {
-    if (command.device)
-      command.device->on_modbus_not_sent();
-  }
-
-  this->tx_buffer_.pop_front();
-
-  if (!this->tx_buffer_.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write queue contains %zu items.", this->tx_buffer_.size());
-  }
+  this->waiting_for_response_ = true;
 }
 
 void ModbusClientHub::dump_config() {
@@ -555,7 +879,20 @@ void ModbusServerHub::send_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, con
   this->send_raw_(raw_frame, payload_len + 2);
 }
 
-void ModbusServerHub::send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ModbusExceptionCode exception_code) {
+bool ModbusServerHub::rejected_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (!status.has_value())
+    return false;
+  // The one place a rejection becomes an exception reply, so the log carries the transaction context a
+  // device handler never has: which client-facing address and function code drew which exception. DEBUG
+  // rather than WARN because an exception reply is a normal protocol outcome and arrives per frame - a
+  // probing or broken client would otherwise flood the log. The parse helpers still WARN with specifics.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Exception %" PRIu8 " replied to function 0x%02X for address %" PRIu8,
+           static_cast<uint8_t>(status.value()), function_code, address);
+  this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ExceptionCode exception_code) {
   uint8_t raw_frame[3];
   raw_frame[0] = address;
   raw_frame[1] = function_code | FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK;
@@ -563,68 +900,274 @@ void ModbusServerHub::send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, Mo
   this->send_raw_(raw_frame, 3);
 }
 
-// Raw send for client: pushes to tx queue. Everything except the CRC must be contained in payload.
-void ModbusClientHub::queue_raw_(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *pdu, uint16_t pdu_len, ModbusClientDevice *device) {
-  if (pdu_len == 0) {
-    if (device)
-      device->on_modbus_not_sent();
+ModbusDeviceCommand *ModbusClientHub::find_waiting_() {
+  for (auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+    if (cmd.waiting_state())
+      return &cmd;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+ModbusDeviceCommand *ModbusClientHub::select_next_ready_() {
+  // Class first (WRITE, then one-shot READ, then CONTINUOUS), oldest within a class. seq is a
+  // free-running counter, so compare each entry's AGE against it (correct across the full range).
+  const uint16_t now = this->next_seq_;
+  const auto age = [now](const ModbusDeviceCommand &cmd) -> uint16_t { return now - cmd.seq; };
+  const auto older = [&age](const ModbusDeviceCommand &a, const ModbusDeviceCommand &b) { return age(a) > age(b); };
+  ModbusDeviceCommand *best = nullptr;
+  for (auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+    if (cmd.state != FrameState::READY)
+      continue;
+    if (best == nullptr || cmd.priority() > best->priority() ||
+        (cmd.priority() == best->priority() && older(cmd, *best))) {
+      best = &cmd;
+    }
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+bool ModbusDeviceCommand::sent() {
+  this->state = FrameState::WAITING;
+  // on_sent() is not a terminal, so nothing is consumed.
+  if (this->device == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  this->device->on_sent(this->frame.pdu());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ModbusDeviceCommand::notify_retired() {
+  if (!this->decrement_pending())
+    return false;  // nothing owed - stop the sweep draining this entry
+  if (this->device != nullptr)
+    this->device->on_not_sent(this->frame.pdu());
+  return true;  // consumed one debt (delivered, or silent when device-less) - keep draining to zero
+}
+
+bool ModbusDeviceCommand::response(std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  this->state = this->state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED ? FrameState::RETIRED : FrameState::RECEIVED_RESPONSE;
+  // A continuous poll is never consumed by its own response; a one-shot consumes one request here.
+  if (!this->options.continuous)
+    this->decrement_pending();
+  if (this->device == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  this->device->on_response(this->frame.pdu(), response_pdu);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ModbusDeviceCommand::error(ExceptionCode exception_code) {
+  this->state = this->state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED ? FrameState::RETIRED : FrameState::RECEIVED_EXCEPTION;
+  // An exception ends a continuous poll too, so decrement unconditionally.
+  this->decrement_pending();
+  if (this->device == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  this->device->on_error(this->frame.pdu(), exception_code);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ModbusDeviceCommand::interrupt() {
+  // An unexpected frame distrusts the transaction. A cleared-but-still-waiting shell distrusts too, so
+  // the interrupt survives the clear in either order (WAITING_RETIRED -> INTERRUPTED_RETIRED).
+  if (this->state == FrameState::WAITING) {
+    this->state = FrameState::INTERRUPTED;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (this->state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED) {
+    this->state = FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool ModbusDeviceCommand::timed_out() {
+  this->state = FrameState::TIMED_OUT;  // advance BEFORE the callback so a clear from inside it wins
+  this->decrement_pending();            // resolve this request (WAITING-origin, so pending >= 1)
+  if (this->device == nullptr)
+    return false;  // resolved, no one to tell
+  if (this->device->on_no_response(this->frame.pdu()))
+    this->increment_pending();  // granted retry = re-request (capped)
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ModbusClientHub::sweep_() {
+  if (!this->sweep_needed_)
     return;
+  this->sweep_needed_ = false;
+  // Serve only the entries present now: a callback may append (a re-send), but those sit beyond
+  // work_set and are left for the next sweep, which bounds the work and is the termination argument.
+  // Entries leave the container only in the erase pass below, so indices/references stay valid.
+  const size_t work_set = this->tx_buffer_.size();
+  // Restart the walk after every callback: a handler may have moved any entry to any state.
+  bool callback_ran = true;
+  while (callback_ran) {
+    callback_ran = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != work_set && !callback_ran; i++) {
+      ModbusDeviceCommand &cmd = this->tx_buffer_[i];
+      switch (cmd.state) {
+        case FrameState::RECEIVED_RESPONSE:
+        case FrameState::RECEIVED_EXCEPTION:
+        case FrameState::TIMED_OUT:
+          // Off the wire, callback already delivered: reschedule what is still pending, else erase.
+          if (cmd.pending)
+            cmd.requeue(this->next_seq_++);
+          break;
+        case FrameState::RETIRED:
+          // Owes one on_not_sent() per accepted request; notify_retired() consumes one and reports
+          // whether a debt remained, so the restart loop drains the entry to zero - even a device-less
+          // shell with pending > 1 (no callback fires, but it still drains rather than stranding).
+          callback_ran = cmd.notify_retired();
+          break;
+        case FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED:
+        case FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED:
+          // Cleared shell: drain only the un-run duplicates; the request in flight keeps pending 1
+          // and gets its usual callback when it resolves.
+          if (cmd.pending > 1)
+            callback_ran = cmd.notify_retired();
+          break;
+        default:  // READY / WAITING / INTERRUPTED: idle or waiting for a response, nothing owed until the timeout
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Erase pass: the only place entries leave the container. Storage order carries no meaning, so a
+  // finished entry is swap-and-popped; walking backwards means a moved-down entry is already seen.
+  for (size_t i = this->tx_buffer_.size(); i-- > 0;) {
+    const ModbusDeviceCommand &cmd = this->tx_buffer_[i];
+    // pending == 0 is erasable, but shells still waiting for a response are exempt until it resolves.
+    if (cmd.pending != 0 || cmd.waiting_state())
+      continue;
+    if (i + 1 != this->tx_buffer_.size())
+      this->tx_buffer_[i] = std::move(this->tx_buffer_.back());
+    this->tx_buffer_.pop_back();
+  }
+}
+
+// Raw send for client: pushes to tx queue. Everything except the CRC must be contained in payload.
+bool ModbusClientHub::queue_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device,
+                                CommandOptions options) {
+  // Requests refused here never enter the machine and get no callback - the false return is it.
+  if (pdu.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Empty PDU refused for address %" PRIu8, address);
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Bound the PDU so the wire frame (address + pdu + CRC) stays within the Modbus RTU 256-byte limit.
+  if (pdu.size() > MAX_PDU_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Frame too large, refused: %" PRIu8 ":%zu bytes", address, pdu.size());
+    return false;
+  }
+  // classify() drives both the broadcast guard and the continuous check below; compute it once.
+  const CommandPriority priority = ModbusDeviceCommand::classify(pdu[0]);
+
+  // A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so it is only meaningful for a command that
+  // changes state. Refuse a broadcast that expects a reply - anything but a write or a custom/vendor code -
+  // as it could never deliver a result, so the caller learns via the false return (and on_not_sent).
+  // 0x17 (read/write multiple) is a knowing inclusion: classify() treats it as a write, so its write half
+  // lands on every server and its unanswerable read half is simply discarded. An exception-flagged custom
+  // code (0x80 bit set) is refused: is_function_code_custom() masks that bit away, so exclude it explicitly
+  // here to match classify()'s exception-first handling of the write side.
+  if (address == BROADCAST_ADDRESS && priority != CommandPriority::WRITE &&
+      (!helpers::is_function_code_custom(pdu[0]) || helpers::is_function_code_exception(pdu[0]))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Broadcast refused for function 0x%X: a broadcast (address 0) is never answered", pdu[0]);
+    return false;
   }
 
-  if (this->tx_buffer_.size() < MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Adding frame to tx queue: %" PRIu8 ":%s", address, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, pdu, pdu_len));
-    this->tx_buffer_.emplace_back(device, address, pdu, pdu_len);
-  } else {
+  // Normalize the caller's options in place (the param is a by-value copy) so everything stored or
+  // merged below carries effective options, never the raw request.
+  // continuous is ignored for every mutating code (re-writing a value forever is never intended).
+  if (options.continuous && priority == CommandPriority::WRITE) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "continuous is ignored for a mutating function (0x%X, address %" PRIu8 ")", pdu[0], address);
+    options.continuous = false;
+  }
+
+  // A duplicate of a live entry with the same owner is not queued twice; it resolves against that
+  // entry: anonymous -> dropped; continuous incoming -> convert the entry to a poll; one-shot onto a
+  // poll -> downgrade the poll to one-shot; both one-shots -> pending++ below the cap, else refused.
+  for (auto &item : this->tx_buffer_) {
+    if (item.state == FrameState::RETIRED || item.state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED ||
+        item.state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED)
+      continue;  // cleared, on their way out: a new identical send queues fresh, never absorbs
+    if (item.device != device || !item.same_frame(address, pdu))
+      continue;
+    if (device == nullptr) {
+      // A dropped read is routine (DEBUG); a dropped write/custom warns (unobservable without a device).
+      const bool requeueable =
+          !helpers::is_function_code_exception(pdu[0]) && helpers::is_function_code_read_only(pdu[0]);
+      if (requeueable) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Anonymous duplicate of active frame for %" PRIu8 " (function 0x%X), dropped", address, pdu[0]);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+                 "Anonymous duplicate of active frame for %" PRIu8 " (function 0x%X), dropped - register a "
+                 "device for delivery accounting",
+                 address, pdu[0]);
+      }
+      return false;  // dropped: no entry, no callbacks - the refusal is the return value
+    }
+    if (options.continuous) {
+      item.make_continuous(true);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame already active for %" PRIu8 ", now polled continuously", address);
+    } else if (item.options.continuous) {
+      // A one-shot duplicate downgrades the poll to a one-shot: it runs one more cycle to serve this
+      // request, then stops (mirrors continuous incoming converting a one-shot the other way).
+      item.make_continuous(false);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame already active for %" PRIu8 ", downgraded from continuous to one-shot", address);
+    } else if (!item.increment_pending()) {
+      // At the servable cap, so refused. (An absorbed duplicate leaves seq alone - the entry keeps
+      // its place in line, held by its oldest outstanding request.)
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Frame already active for %" PRIu8 " with %" PRIu8 " requests pending, refused", address,
+               item.pending);
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame already active for %" PRIu8 ", request absorbed (pending %" PRIu8 ")", address,
+               item.pending);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Backstop counts every entry; dead ones are gone by the sweep's end, so at worst they cost one
+  // refusal at the very cap for one loop.
+  if (this->tx_buffer_.size() >= MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR
     char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
 #endif
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write buffer full, dropped: %" PRIu8 ":%s", address, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, pdu, pdu_len));
-    if (device)
-      device->on_modbus_not_sent();
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write buffer full, refused: %" PRIu8 ":%s", address,
+             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
+    return false;
+  }
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Adding frame to tx queue: %" PRIu8 ":%s", address,
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
+  this->tx_buffer_.emplace_back(device, address, pdu, options, this->next_seq_++);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ModbusClientHub::clear_tx_queue_for_address(uint8_t address) {
+  // A clear is a pure state flip; the sweep delivers every owed on_not_sent() from a quiescent hub.
+  for (auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+    if (cmd.frame.address() != address)
+      continue;
+    cmd.retire();
+    this->sweep_needed_ = true;
   }
 }
 
-void ModbusClientHub::clear_tx_queue_for_address(uint8_t address, bool clear_sent) {
-  // Remove any pending commands for this address from the tx buffer
-  auto &tx_buffer = this->tx_buffer_;
-  tx_buffer.erase(std::remove_if(tx_buffer.begin(), tx_buffer.end(),
-                                 [address](const ModbusDeviceCommand &cmd) { return cmd.frame.data[0] == address; }),
-                  tx_buffer.end());
-
-  if (clear_sent && this->waiting_for_response_.has_value() && this->waiting_for_response_.value().device) {
-    if (this->waiting_for_response_.value().frame.data[0] == address) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing waiting for response for address %" PRIu8, address);
-      // Invalidate the waiting device so it won't process a response.
-      this->waiting_for_response_.value().device = nullptr;
-    }
-  }
-}
 void ModbusClientHub::clear_tx_queue_for_device(ModbusClientDevice *device) {
-  // Remove any pending commands for this address from the tx buffer
-  auto &tx_buffer = this->tx_buffer_;
-  tx_buffer.erase(std::remove_if(tx_buffer.begin(), tx_buffer.end(),
-                                 [device](const ModbusDeviceCommand &cmd) { return cmd.device == device; }),
-                  tx_buffer.end());
-
-  if (this->waiting_for_response_.has_value() && this->waiting_for_response_.value().device) {
-    if (this->waiting_for_response_.value().device == device) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing waiting for response");
-      // Invalidate the waiting device so it won't process a response.
-      this->waiting_for_response_.value().device = nullptr;
-    }
+  // Silent teardown (supersede semantics): the caller's own frames vanish without callbacks; see
+  // the lifecycle note on ModbusClientDevice.
+  for (auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+    if (cmd.device != device)
+      continue;
+    cmd.silent_retire();
+    this->sweep_needed_ = true;
   }
 }
 
 void ModbusClientHub::send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload, ModbusClientDevice *device) {
   if (payload.size() < 2) {
-    if (device)
-      device->on_modbus_not_sent();
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "send_raw() payload too short to contain a PDU, refused");
     return;
   }
-  this->queue_raw_(payload[0], payload.data() + 1, static_cast<uint16_t>(payload.size() - 1), device);
+  this->queue_pdu(payload[0], std::span<const uint8_t>(payload).subspan(1), device);
 }
 
 // Send raw command for server replies immediately. Except CRC everything must be contained in payload
@@ -637,23 +1180,26 @@ void ModbusServerHub::send_raw_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len) {
     return;
   }
 
-  // In the rare case that the server is blocked (frame delay has not elapsed), we delay the send.
-  // This should only happen at low baud rates with long frame delays.
+  // If blocked now (frame delay not elapsed at low baud, or a frame arriving), defer rather than
+  // busy-waiting the loop; send_frame_ itself re-checks after its delay, so the deferred callback
+  // just reports whatever it returns.
   if (this->tx_blocked()) {
     // Stash the raw payload in a single member buffer so the deferred callback can rebuild the frame
-    // without a heap allocation. Only one server reply is ever in flight, and the named timeout ensures
-    // only one deferred send is pending, so a single buffer is sufficient.
+    // without a heap allocation. Only one server reply is ever waiting, so a single buffer suffices.
     std::memcpy(this->deferred_payload_.data(), payload, len);
     this->deferred_payload_len_ = len;
     this->set_timeout("deferred_send", this->tx_delay_remaining(), [this]() {
       ModbusFrame frame(this->deferred_payload_[0], this->deferred_payload_.data() + 1,
                         this->deferred_payload_len_ - 1);
-      this->send_frame_(frame);
+      if (!this->send_frame_(frame))
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Deferred server reply dropped: transmission still blocked");
     });
-  } else {
-    ModbusFrame frame(payload[0], payload + 1, len - 1);
-    this->send_frame_(frame);
+    return;
   }
+
+  ModbusFrame frame(payload[0], payload + 1, len - 1);
+  if (!this->send_frame_(frame))
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server reply dropped: a frame arrived during the send delay");
 }
 
 void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn, size_t bytes_to_clear) {
@@ -676,4 +1222,162 @@ void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn, size_t bytes_t
   }
 }
 
+void ModbusClientDevice::dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                                            ResponseStatus status) {
+  if (request_pdu.empty())
+    return;
+  auto function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(request_pdu[0]);
+  // All standard requests handled below are function code + start address + count/value (5 bytes);
+  // anything shorter cannot be parsed and is handed to the catch-all.
+  if (request_pdu.size() < READ_PDU_SIZE) {
+    this->on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+    return;
+  }
+  const uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(request_pdu.data(), 1);
+  // count for reads/multi-writes, value for single writes
+  const uint16_t count_or_value = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(request_pdu.data(), 3);
+
+  // Gatekeeper for the typed dispatch below: anything that is not a standard-conformant transaction is
+  // handed to on_custom_response() with the raw PDUs, so the decode cases can trust every length, byte
+  // count, and quantity field without re-clamping.
+  //  - The REQUEST must be standard: nothing upstream validates a caller-built request PDU, so its
+  //    internal byte count, quantity, and address range are checked here (is_client_pdu_standard()).
+  //  - On success, the RESPONSE must be standard (self-consistent; the frame parser already guarantees
+  //    most of this, but the check keeps the safety proof local), and a read response's length must also
+  //    match the REQUESTED count - the per-PDU checks cannot see that relationship, and a short but
+  //    self-consistent response must be diverted, never silently clamped and delivered as complete.
+  //  - On failure (status engaged) the response is empty by design (see on_error()), so only the request
+  //    is validated.
+  bool custom = !helpers::is_client_pdu_standard(request_pdu.data(), request_pdu.size());
+  if (!custom && succeeded(status)) {
+    custom = !helpers::is_server_pdu_standard(response_pdu.data(), response_pdu.size());
+    if (!custom && helpers::is_function_code_read(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
+      const bool bits =
+          function_code == FunctionCode::READ_COILS || function_code == FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS;
+      const size_t expected_data_size =
+          bits ? packed_bit_bytes(count_or_value) : static_cast<size_t>(count_or_value) * 2;
+      if (response_pdu.size() != expected_data_size + 2) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Response length %zu does not match request (expected %zu) for function code 0x%X",
+                 response_pdu.size(), expected_data_size + 2, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+        custom = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (custom) {
+    this->on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (function_code) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+    // FC 0x17 lands here too: its read start address and read quantity sit at the same request offsets as a
+    // plain read's (bytes 1..2 and 3..4), so start_address and count_or_value already hold the read block; its
+    // response carries only that read data, and the write half is confirmed by the response arriving at all.
+    // An exception routes here as well (the gate only validates the request when status is set), delivering
+    // empty registers with the error in status - so a 0x17 subclass handles success and failure in the one
+    // on_read_holding_registers() callback and never needs to also override on_error().
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // Decode the big-endian register words into host byte order. The gate guarantees a success response
+      // carries exactly count_or_value registers (and count_or_value <= MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, the
+      // capacity of RegisterValues); a mismatch was diverted to on_custom_response(), never clamped. On
+      // failure the registers span is empty.
+      RegisterValues registers;
+      if (succeeded(status)) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i != count_or_value; i++) {
+          registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(response_pdu.data(), 2 + 2 * i));
+        }
+      }
+      std::span<const uint16_t> register_span(registers.data(), registers.size());
+      if (function_code == FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS) {
+        this->on_read_input_registers(start_address, register_span, status);
+      } else if (function_code == FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS ||
+                 function_code == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
+        this->on_read_holding_registers(start_address, register_span, status);
+      } else {
+        // Unreachable for the current case labels; match explicitly so a function code added to this group
+        // later is diverted to on_custom_response() rather than silently delivered as a holding read.
+        this->on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS: {
+      // Deliver the bits packed as on the wire; the gate guarantees a success response carries exactly
+      // (count_or_value + 7) / 8 data bytes. On failure the view is empty AND the count is zero -
+      // PackedBits::operator[] is unchecked, so size() must never promise bits with no bytes behind them.
+      std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes;
+      uint16_t count = 0;
+      if (succeeded(status)) {
+        packed_bytes = response_pdu.subspan(2);
+        count = count_or_value;
+      }
+      PackedBits bits(packed_bytes, count);
+      if (function_code == FunctionCode::READ_COILS) {
+        this->on_read_coils(start_address, bits, status);
+      } else {
+        this->on_read_discrete_inputs(start_address, bits, status);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    // Single-write acks echo the value: on success that echo is device-confirmed state - the one
+    // write whose acknowledgement carries a real read-back - so it is preferred over the request
+    // copy. On an exception the response has no value and the request copy is the only one.
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL: {
+      const uint16_t value = (succeeded(status) && response_pdu.size() >= WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE)
+                                 ? helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(response_pdu.data(), 3)
+                                 : count_or_value;
+      if (function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
+        this->on_write_single_register(start_address, value, status);
+      } else {
+        this->on_write_single_coil(start_address, value == 0xFF00, status);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // Request layout: [0] function code, [1..2] start address, [3..4] register count, [5] byte count,
+      // [6..] register data. The gate guarantees the request carries exactly count_or_value registers
+      // (<= MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE, within RegisterValues capacity). Decoded from the request and
+      // delivered regardless of status - see the write-acknowledgement note in modbus.h.
+      RegisterValues registers;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i != count_or_value; i++) {
+        registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(request_pdu.data(), 6 + 2 * i));
+      }
+      std::span<const uint16_t> register_span(registers.data(), registers.size());
+      this->on_write_multiple_registers(start_address, register_span, status);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS: {
+      // Request layout: [0] function code, [1..2] start address, [3..4] coil count, [5] byte count,
+      // [6..] packed bits. The gate guarantees the request carries exactly (count_or_value + 7) / 8 packed
+      // bytes. Decoded from the request and delivered regardless of status - see the write-acknowledgement
+      // note in modbus.h.
+      std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bytes = request_pdu.subspan(6);
+      PackedBits bits(packed_bytes, count_or_value);
+      this->on_write_multiple_coils(start_address, bits, status);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      this->on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Default on_custom_response handler to warn when responses unexpectedly trigger on_custom_response
+void ModbusClientDevice::on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                                            ResponseStatus status) {
+  // The dispatcher never calls this with an empty request, but this is a public virtual - stay safe.
+  const uint8_t function_code = request_pdu.empty() ? 0 : request_pdu[0];
+  // Warn once per device, then drop to VERBOSE: a mildly non-conformant peer answers every poll,
+  // and an unhandled-response warning per transaction would flood the log permanently.
+  if (!this->custom_response_warned_) {
+    this->custom_response_warned_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Non-standard request or response for function code 0x%X. No on_custom_response handler declared",
+             function_code);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Non-standard request or response for function code 0x%X (unhandled)", function_code);
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
index b0f2aed9f8..e766ff04cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
@@ -9,28 +9,50 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 #include <deque>
 #include <optional>
 
 namespace esphome::modbus {
 
-static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 15;
+// Tx queue backstop. Duplicate frames dedup into one entry, so reads can never approach this in a
+// sane config - it exists to stop a runaway generator of distinct frames (e.g. a loop writing a
+// changing value) from growing the heap unboundedly. The deque grows on demand; this reserves nothing.
+// Worst case the cap permits: 128 distinct max-size frames = ~32 kB of spilled frame data plus
+// ~3 kB of deque node storage (typical 8-byte frames stay inline; large PDUs spill to one
+// allocation each) - pathological configs only, but the numbers matter when tuning for ESP8266.
+static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
 static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_MAX_DELAY_MS = 5;
 
-struct ModbusFrame {
-  // Frame with exact-size allocation to avoid std::vector overhead
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data;
-  uint16_t size;  // Modbus RTU max is 256 bytes
+// Typical frames -- reads and single-register/coil writes -- are exactly 8 bytes
+// (address + 5-byte PDU + 2-byte CRC) and fit inline with no heap allocation.
+static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_FRAME_INLINE_SIZE = 8;
 
-  ModbusFrame(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *pdu, uint16_t pdu_len)
-      : data(std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(pdu_len + 3)), size(pdu_len + 3) {
-    data[0] = address;
-    memcpy(data.get() + 1, pdu, pdu_len);
-    auto crc = crc16(data.get(), pdu_len + 1);
-    data[pdu_len + 1] = crc >> 0;
-    data[pdu_len + 2] = crc >> 8;
+struct ModbusFrame {
+  // Frame held in a small-buffer-optimized buffer. Typical frames fit inline; only larger
+  // multi-register or custom frames spill to a single heap allocation. This keeps the common,
+  // high-frequency tx traffic off the heap entirely, avoiding per-frame alloc/free churn.
+  // The buffer tracks its own length, so no separate size field is needed.
+  SmallInlineBuffer<MODBUS_FRAME_INLINE_SIZE> data;  // Modbus RTU max is 256 bytes
+
+  ModbusFrame(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *pdu, uint16_t pdu_len) {
+    uint8_t *buf = this->data.init(pdu_len + 3);
+    buf[0] = address;
+    memcpy(buf + 1, pdu, pdu_len);
+    auto crc = crc16(buf, pdu_len + 1);
+    buf[pdu_len + 1] = crc >> 0;
+    buf[pdu_len + 2] = crc >> 8;
   }
+
+  uint16_t size() const { return static_cast<uint16_t>(this->data.size()); }
+
+  // A frame is [address][PDU...][CRC lo][CRC hi]. These are the only places that need to know that layout
+  uint8_t address() const { return this->data.data()[0]; }
+  /// The PDU: function code + data, without address or CRC. Only valid while the frame is alive.
+  /// Requires a complete frame (size() >= MIN_FRAME_SIZE, guaranteed by the constructors) - the
+  /// subtraction would wrap on anything shorter.
+  std::span<const uint8_t> pdu() const { return std::span<const uint8_t>(this->data.data() + 1, this->size() - 3u); }
 };
 
 class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
@@ -51,13 +73,16 @@ class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   virtual int32_t tx_delay_remaining();
   virtual void parse_modbus_frames() = 0;
   bool parse_modbus_server_frame_();
-  virtual void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data,
-                                           uint16_t len) = 0;
+  // pdu is the whole PDU (function code + payload, no address/CRC); pdu[0] is the (standard or custom) function code.
+  virtual void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) = 0;
   void clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn = false, size_t bytes_to_clear = 0);
+  // Transmit a frame. Callers gate on tx_blocked() first, but the pre-send delay can span several ms,
+  // so this re-checks after the delay and returns false without transmitting if a byte arrived in that
+  // window (the caller then leaves its entry to retry). Returns true once the frame has been transmitted.
   bool send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame);
   // Scans forward from min_length to find a frame boundary by CRC match for custom function codes.
   // Returns the matched frame length, or 0 if no valid CRC was found within MAX_FRAME_SIZE.
-  uint16_t find_custom_frame_end_(uint16_t min_length) const;
+  uint16_t find_frame_end_by_crc_(uint16_t min_length) const;
 
   uint32_t last_modbus_byte_{0};
   uint32_t last_receive_check_{0};
@@ -74,13 +99,179 @@ class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 class ModbusClientDevice;
 class ModbusServerDevice;
 
+// Transmit ordering, highest first: writes before one-shot reads before continuous polls. Derived
+// at selection time, never caller-chosen or stored.
+enum class CommandPriority : uint8_t { CONTINUOUS = 0, READ, WRITE };
+
+// Per-entry lifecycle state. Waiting states (see waiting_state()) hold the bus; the sweep delivers owed
+// callbacks from a quiescent hub, and an entry is erased once pending == 0 && !waiting_state().
+enum class FrameState : uint8_t {
+  READY = 0,
+  WAITING,
+  RECEIVED_RESPONSE,
+  RECEIVED_EXCEPTION,
+  TIMED_OUT,            // on_no_response delivered at the send-wait timeout; awaiting reschedule/erase
+  INTERRUPTED,          // unexpected frame arrived; ignores this transaction, waits out the timeout
+  WAITING_RETIRED,      // cleared while WAITING: a late response is still delivered as its usual terminal
+  INTERRUPTED_RETIRED,  // cleared while INTERRUPTED: still distrusts late frames, ends in on_no_response
+  RETIRED,              // cleared, off the wire
+};
+
+// Per-command send options. Append-only; pass via designated initializers ({.continuous = true}).
+// The queue entry stores this struct whole, so a new field arrives at the queue with no plumbing -
+// but it arrives inert. Every new field must define three rules before it does anything:
+//   1. normalization in queue_pdu() (is it valid for this function code? e.g. continuous is
+//      stripped for mutating codes),
+//   2. a merge rule for when a duplicate send absorbs into a live entry (continuous
+//      upgrades/downgrades via make_continuous(); a new field needs its own answer),
+//   3. teardown: retire() resets the whole struct; silent_retire() leaves it, relying on the sweep
+//      to erase the entry.
+struct CommandOptions {
+  // A continuous poll lives in the queue until cancelled or failed; ignored for mutating codes.
+  bool continuous{false};
+};
+
 struct ModbusDeviceCommand {
   ModbusClientDevice *device;
   ModbusFrame frame;
-  bool interrupted{false};
+  // Place-in-line stamp (hub's free-running counter); selection takes the oldest for round-robin
+  // fairness within a class. Meant to wrap. Declared ahead of the byte fields so the tail packs
+  // densely and a growing CommandOptions eats trailing padding before enlarging the struct.
+  uint16_t seq{0};
+  FrameState state{FrameState::READY};
+  // Accepted requests this entry stands for, capped at max_pending(); drains one terminal each.
+  // A continuous poll is a subscription: pending fixed at 1, removed only by cancellation or failure.
+  uint8_t pending{1};
+  // The entry's LIVE effective options, not a record of the caller's request: queue_pdu() normalizes
+  // before storing, duplicate absorption mutates continuous via make_continuous(), and retire() resets
+  // the struct (silent_retire() leaves it, relying on the sweep to erase the entry). See the
+  // CommandOptions comment for the rules a new field must define.
+  CommandOptions options;
 
-  ModbusDeviceCommand(ModbusClientDevice *device, uint8_t address, const uint8_t *src, uint16_t len)
-      : device(device), frame(address, src, len) {}
+  // Build a command from a PDU span (caller bounds it to MAX_PDU_SIZE) and pre-normalized options;
+  // fully initialized here.
+  ModbusDeviceCommand(ModbusClientDevice *device, uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu,
+                      CommandOptions options = {}, uint16_t seq = 0)
+      : device(device), frame(address, pdu.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(pdu.size())), seq(seq), options(options) {}
+
+  // Transmit ordering class, derived (never stored): a continuous poll ranks below every one-shot.
+  CommandPriority priority() const {
+    return this->options.continuous ? CommandPriority::CONTINUOUS : classify(this->frame.pdu()[0]);
+  }
+  // Wire-derived class: mutating codes rank WRITE; exception-flagged codes are excluded.
+  static CommandPriority classify(uint8_t function_code) {
+    if (helpers::is_function_code_exception(function_code))
+      return CommandPriority::READ;
+    if (helpers::is_function_code_write(function_code)) {
+      return CommandPriority::WRITE;
+    }
+    return CommandPriority::READ;
+  }
+
+  // Requests this entry can serve: a standard read twice (run plus one re-run), everything else once.
+  uint8_t max_pending() const {
+    const uint8_t fc = this->frame.pdu()[0];
+    const bool requeueable = !helpers::is_function_code_exception(fc) && helpers::is_function_code_read_only(fc);
+    return (requeueable && !this->options.continuous) ? 2 : 1;
+  }
+  // Device-scoped clear: detach with no callback (device-less, pending 0). An entry still waiting for
+  // a response keeps its state as a reply-ignoring shell that resolves silently; any other goes RETIRED.
+  void silent_retire() {
+    if (!this->waiting_state())
+      this->state = FrameState::RETIRED;
+    this->pending = 0;
+    this->device = nullptr;
+  }
+  // Fire-and-forget completion for a broadcast (address 0): the frame was transmitted (on_sent already
+  // fired), but a broadcast is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so the entry retires with NO terminal
+  // callback and the sweep erases it. Unlike response()/error()/timed_out(), it delivers nothing.
+  // A broadcast only carries a write or a custom code (reads are refused at queue_pdu()), and every such
+  // code caps pending at 1, so pending is always 1 here - clear it.
+  void complete_broadcast() {
+    this->state = FrameState::RETIRED;
+    this->pending = 0;
+  }
+  // Re-ready for another transmission, restamped to the tail of its class (hub passes next_seq_++).
+  void requeue(uint16_t seq) {
+    this->state = FrameState::READY;
+    this->seq = seq;
+  }
+  // Re-task a frame that lives on: upgrade a one-shot to a continuous poll, or downgrade a poll back to
+  // a one-shot. Either way the entry keeps running and owes a request, so this is not a plain setter -
+  // to tear an entry down instead, use retire()/silent_retire(), which leave pending as the count owed.
+  // On: the entry becomes a continuous poll, superseding any absorbed requests (pending resets to the
+  // single subscription). Off: a one-shot duplicate has cancelled the poll, but the entry must still run
+  // once to serve that request - so restore one first. While the flag is still set max_pending() is 1,
+  // so the restore lifts a terminated poll (pending 0, after an error/timeout) back to 1 and is a no-op
+  // on a live poll already at 1; the flag drops afterwards, when a read's cap can widen to 2 without
+  // retroactively inflating that no-op.
+  void make_continuous(bool continuous) {
+    if (continuous) {
+      this->options.continuous = true;
+      this->pending = 1;
+    } else {
+      this->increment_pending();
+      this->options.continuous = false;
+    }
+  }
+  // Address-scoped clear: keep pending and device so the sweep delivers one on_not_sent() per un-run
+  // request. An entry still waiting for a response keeps its in-flight request (whose usual terminal is
+  // still coming) and drains only its duplicates: WAITING -> WAITING_RETIRED, and INTERRUPTED ->
+  // INTERRUPTED_RETIRED which keeps distrusting late frames (they were already interrupted). Any other
+  // state -> RETIRED, draining everything. A cleared frame that then times out still honors a retry:
+  // the clear is address-scoped (any device may call it) while the retry is the owning device's call
+  // via on_no_response - the bus obeys the owner.
+  void retire() {
+    if (this->state == FrameState::WAITING) {
+      this->state = FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED;
+    } else if (this->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED) {
+      this->state = FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED;
+    } else if (!this->waiting_state()) {  // an already-retired shell stays put; off the wire -> RETIRED
+      this->state = FrameState::RETIRED;
+    }
+    this->options = {};  // reset every option so a future field is torn down without editing here
+  }
+
+  // True while the entry is still waiting for a response; the erase pass exempts these even at pending 0.
+  bool waiting_state() const {
+    return this->state == FrameState::WAITING || this->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED ||
+           this->state == FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED || this->state == FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED;
+  }
+
+  bool decrement_pending() {
+    if (this->pending > 0) {
+      this->pending--;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Add one request, honouring the cap; false = already at cap (absorb a duplicate, restore a retry).
+  bool increment_pending() {
+    if (this->pending < this->max_pending()) {
+      this->pending++;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Terminal/lifecycle methods: each owns its transition, callback, and pending accounting and
+  // returns whether a callback ran. Out-of-line: ModbusClientDevice is incomplete here.
+  bool sent();
+  bool response(std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu);
+  bool error(ExceptionCode exception_code);
+  bool interrupt();
+  bool timed_out();
+  bool notify_retired();
+
+  /// True if this command carries the same wire frame (address + PDU) as the given one.
+  /// Cancellation matches the exact frame, not the action instance: a continuous poll whose
+  /// start_address (or other field) is templated produces one poll per distinct frame, and a later
+  /// cancel built from different argument values will not reach the polls it does not byte-match.
+  bool same_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) const {
+    const auto own_pdu = this->frame.pdu();
+    return own_pdu.size() == pdu.size() && this->frame.address() == address &&
+           memcmp(own_pdu.data(), pdu.data(), pdu.size()) == 0;
+  }
 };
 
 class ModbusClientHub : public Modbus {
@@ -92,39 +283,83 @@ class ModbusClientHub : public Modbus {
   void set_turnaround_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->turnaround_delay_ms_ = time_in_ms; }
   bool tx_buffer_empty();
   bool tx_blocked() override;
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use send_pdu() with create_client_pdu() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() with create_client_pdu() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
   void send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
             uint8_t payload_len = 0, const uint8_t *payload = nullptr, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr) {
-    this->send_pdu(address,
-                   helpers::create_client_pdu((ModbusFunctionCode) function_code, start_address, number_of_entities,
-                                              payload, payload_len),
-                   device);
+    this->queue_pdu(address,
+                    helpers::create_client_pdu((FunctionCode) function_code, start_address, number_of_entities, payload,
+                                               payload_len),
+                    device);
   };
-  void send_pdu(uint8_t address, const StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> &pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr) {
-    this->queue_raw_(address, pdu.data(), pdu.size(), device);
+  /// Queue a request. The name says queue, not send: the frame is appended to the transmit queue and
+  /// goes out later from loop(), so a true return means accepted into the machine (it will resolve in
+  /// exactly one terminal callback - except a broadcast (address 0), which is never answered and so gets
+  /// only on_sent()), NOT that anything reached the wire - that is on_sent(). False means
+  /// it never entered the machine at all (empty or oversize PDU, full queue, anonymous or over-cap
+  /// duplicate) and no callback of any kind will follow; the false return is the whole story.
+  bool queue_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr,
+                 CommandOptions options = {});
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0. Deliberately the signature 2026.7.4 shipped - void, and no CommandOptions:
+  // the bool return and the options argument arrived after that release, so nothing external can be
+  // relying on them under this name. Callers who want the queued/refused answer move to queue_pdu().
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() instead - the call queues a request, it does not send one, and it "
+                "reports whether the request was accepted. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                "2026.8.0")
+  void send_pdu(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr) {
+    this->queue_pdu(address, pdu, device);
   }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu(payload[0], <pdu bytes>, device) instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
   void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr);
-  void clear_tx_queue_for_address(uint8_t address, bool clear_sent = true);
+  // Clear an address's commands; each un-run request resolves via on_not_sent(), but a frame on the
+  // wire still runs to its usual terminal. clear_tx_queue_for_device() instead discards silently.
+  void clear_tx_queue_for_address(uint8_t address);
   void clear_tx_queue_for_device(ModbusClientDevice *device);
 
  protected:
   int32_t tx_delay_remaining() override;
   void parse_modbus_frames() override;
-  // Parsers need to handle standard (ModbusFunctionCode) and custom (uint8_t) function codes, so we use uint8_t here.
-  void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
+  void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) override;
   void send_next_frame_();
-  void queue_raw_(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *pdu, uint16_t pdu_len, ModbusClientDevice *device = nullptr);
+  // Deliver owed callbacks from a quiescent hub and apply lifecycle bookkeeping; see FrameState.
+  void sweep_();
+  // The selection function: best READY entry (WRITE class first, then one-shot reads, then the
+  // least-recently-served continuous; FIFO by seq within each group), or nullptr.
+  ModbusDeviceCommand *select_next_ready_();
+  // Locate the single entry waiting for a response (WAITING/INTERRUPTED/WAITING_RETIRED/INTERRUPTED_RETIRED).
+  ModbusDeviceCommand *find_waiting_();
+  // End the wait for a response on send-wait timeout (the loop() watchdog body); see FrameState.
+  void expire_waiting_();
 
   uint16_t send_wait_time_{2000};
   uint16_t turnaround_delay_ms_{0};
-  std::optional<ModbusDeviceCommand> waiting_for_response_;
 
-  // std::deque is appropriate here since we need a FIFO buffer, and we can't know ahead of time how many
-  // requests will be queued. Each modbus component may queue multiple requests, and the sequence of scheduling
-  // may change at run time.
+  // Set on transmit, cleared on the transaction-ending transition; send_next_frame_ won't select
+  // while it is set, so at most one frame is awaiting a response.
+  bool waiting_for_response_{false};
+
+  // Set whenever a transition leaves owed callbacks behind; quiet loop() passes skip the sweep.
+  bool sweep_needed_{false};
+  // Monotonic stamp source for ModbusDeviceCommand::seq.
+  uint16_t next_seq_{0};
+
+  // Plain append-order container; ordering lives in select_next_ready_(), lifecycle in FrameState.
   std::deque<ModbusDeviceCommand> tx_buffer_;
 };
 
+// Transaction status: std::nullopt on success, otherwise a Modbus exception code
+using ResponseStatus = std::optional<ExceptionCode>;
+
+/// True when a transaction carried no exception. The optional holds the exception, so has_value() means
+/// the request FAILED - the inverse of how "status" usually reads. Prefer this at the call site; the
+/// bare !status.has_value() has already been mistaken for a failure check more than once. Where the code
+/// is going to unwrap the exception anyway, status.has_value() followed by status.value() stays clearer.
+inline bool succeeded(ResponseStatus status) { return !status.has_value(); }
+
+// Register values exchanged with server handlers, in host byte order. Sized at the larger of the two protocol
+// maxima (read = 125 / 0x7D, write = 123 / 0x7B); the per-direction count limit is enforced by the hub, not by
+// the capacity of this type.
+using RegisterValues = StaticVector<uint16_t, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ>;
+
 class ModbusServerHub : public Modbus {
  public:
   ModbusServerHub() = default;
@@ -134,26 +369,88 @@ class ModbusServerHub : public Modbus {
  protected:
   void parse_modbus_frames() override;
   bool parse_modbus_client_frame_();
-  // Parsers need to handle standard (ModbusFunctionCode) and custom (uint8_t) function codes, so we use uint8_t here.
-  void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
-  void process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data);
+  void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) override;
+  void process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data);
+  // Dispatches a broadcast (address 0) write to every registered device; broadcasts are never answered.
+  void process_broadcast_frame_(uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data);
+  // Parses a WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER / WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS PDU into start_address and the host-order register
+  // values, validating the register count and address range. Returns std::nullopt on success, otherwise the Modbus
+  // exception code describing the failure. Shared by unicast writes (which reply with the exception) and broadcast
+  // writes (which silently drop invalid frames).
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_single_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address, RegisterValues &registers);
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_multiple_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address,
+                                       RegisterValues &registers);
+  // Appends the big-endian register values in values to registers, in host byte order.
+  void assemble_registers_(std::span<const uint8_t> values, RegisterValues &registers);
   ModbusServerDevice *find_device_(uint8_t address);
-  // Returns true if [start_address, start_address + number_of_registers) fits in the 16-bit address space.
-  // On failure, logs and sends an ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS exception to the client.
-  bool check_register_range_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                             uint16_t number_of_registers);
+  // Returns std::nullopt if [start_address, start_address + count) fits in the 16-bit address space,
+  // otherwise ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS. The caller sends the exception reply if one is required - a broadcast
+  // write is never answered, so the check cannot send it itself. Shared by the register and
+  // coil/discrete-input handlers, which all address the same 16-bit space.
+  ResponseStatus check_address_range_(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t count);
+
+  // Parses a read request PDU (start address(2) + quantity(2)), shared by the register and
+  // coil/discrete-input reads so the two cannot drift apart. max_entities is the protocol ceiling for the
+  // function code; entity_name only labels the rejection log.
+  ResponseStatus parse_read_request_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t max_entities, const LogString *entity_name,
+                                     uint16_t &start_address, uint16_t &count);
+
+  // Parses a single-coil write PDU (FC 0x05), which carries a 2-byte on/off value rather than packed
+  // bytes. The caller packs value into a byte it owns to build the PackedBits view the handlers take.
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_single_coil_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address, bool &value);
+
+  // Parses a multiple-coil write PDU (FC 0x0F) into a packed-bit view pointing straight into the receive
+  // buffer, so the coil values are never copied. Both coil parsers are shared by the addressed and
+  // broadcast paths so the two validate identically.
+  ResponseStatus parse_write_multiple_coils_(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t &start_address, uint16_t &count,
+                                             std::span<const uint8_t> &packed_bytes);
+
+  // Builds the body of a register read response (byte count followed by the big-endian register values) into
+  // response_buffer. Shared by every function code that answers with register values, so the read reply stays
+  // identical across them. Returns false once an exception has been sent: the one the handler reported via
+  // status, or SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE if it returned the wrong number of registers, the count exceeds the
+  // protocol read limit, or the body does not fit.
+  bool build_or_reject_read_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status,
+                                      uint16_t number_of_registers, const RegisterValues &registers,
+                                      std::span<uint8_t> response_buffer, uint16_t &response_len);
   void send_raw_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len);
-  void send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ModbusExceptionCode exception_code);
+  // Sends and logs the exception reply when status holds one; returns true if the request was rejected.
+  // Every parse and handler rejection funnels through here, so the reply and its log cannot drift apart.
+  bool rejected_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ResponseStatus status);
+  void send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ExceptionCode exception_code);
   void send_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t payload_len);
   uint8_t expecting_peer_response_{0};
   std::vector<ModbusServerDevice *> devices_;
 
+  // Stamp of the last "broadcast reached no device" warning, 0 until the first one is logged. Rate limiting
+  // on time rather than on address keeps the log bounded no matter how many addresses a shared bus carries.
+  uint32_t last_unaccepted_broadcast_warn_{0};
+
   // Holds the raw payload of a single reply deferred for sending when tx was blocked at send time.
-  // Only one server reply can be in flight at once, so a single fixed buffer avoids heap allocation.
+  // Only one server reply can be waiting at once, so a single fixed buffer avoids heap allocation.
   std::array<uint8_t, MAX_RAW_SIZE> deferred_payload_;
   uint16_t deferred_payload_len_{0};
 };
 
+/// Callback contract. Each accepted request ends in exactly ONE terminal: on_response() (data),
+/// on_error() (exception), on_no_response() (timeout/interruption), or on_not_sent() (dropped by
+/// clear_tx_queue_for_address before transmission). A request refused at queue_pdu() (false return)
+/// gets none, and a broadcast (address 0) gets on_sent() with NO terminal, since a broadcast is never
+/// answered (Modbus 4.1). on_sent() is additional, once per transmission, never for an on_not_sent()
+/// request. on_response()/on_error() fire at parse time and on_no_response() at the send-wait watchdog,
+/// all from a quiescent hub; only on_not_sent() is delivered by the sweep. Sending or clearing from
+/// inside a callback is safe (picked up by the next sweep). Exceptions to "exactly one terminal":
+/// a broadcast is fire-and-forget (on_sent, no terminal); clear_tx_queue_for_device() drops the caller's
+/// own frames silently; a continuous poll's cycles are its own accounting (a one-shot duplicate
+/// downgrades the poll to a one-shot; a continuous duplicate merges into it).
+///
+/// Invariants:
+/// - Public entry points (queue_pdu/clear_tx_queue_*) only append to the queue or mutate an existing
+///   entry through its callback-free transition methods.
+/// - Public entry points can never trigger a callback synchronously.
+/// - Callbacks are delivered only from within loop().
+/// - At most one callback is ever issued between calls to sweep_():
+///     sweep_ -> parse (response OR error) OR timeout (no_response) -> sweep_ -> send (sent) -> sweep_ (next loop)
 class ModbusClientDevice {
  public:
   ModbusClientDevice() = default;
@@ -168,45 +465,211 @@ class ModbusClientDevice {
   ModbusClientDevice &operator=(ModbusClientDevice &&) = delete;
   void set_parent(ModbusClientHub *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
   void set_address(uint8_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
-  virtual void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {}
-  virtual void on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) {}
+  /// Low-level response hook: called with the request PDU this device sent and the response PDU received
+  /// The spans are only valid for the duration of the call - copy the bytes if they must outlive it.
+  /// The default implementation decodes standard responses and dispatches to on_read_* / on_write_* callbacks below.
+  /// Override it to handle raw PDUs directly.
+  virtual void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+    this->dispatch_response_(request_pdu, response_pdu, std::nullopt);
+  }
+  /// Low-level error hook: called with the request PDU and the modbus exception code from the error response.
+  /// The default implementation dispatches to the same typed callbacks with the exception code as status.
+  /// Devices implementing the High-level typed callbacks see success and failure through one interface.
+  virtual void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, ExceptionCode exception_code) {
+    this->dispatch_response_(request_pdu, {}, exception_code);
+  }
+  /// Called when an accepted request was dropped before transmission by clear_tx_queue_for_address().
+  /// (on_modbus_* below are deprecated pre-rename spellings; the defaults forward during deprecation.)
+  virtual void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+    this->on_modbus_not_sent();
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  }
+  /// Called when this device's frame is actually written to the wire
+  virtual void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {}
+  /// Called when no matching, uninterrupted response arrived; return true to have the hub re-queue the frame for a
+  /// retry. The hub does not bound retries: the device is responsible for limiting them.
+  virtual bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+    return this->on_modbus_no_response();
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  }
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Override on_not_sent() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
   virtual void on_modbus_not_sent() {}
-  virtual void on_modbus_no_response() {}
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Override on_no_response() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+  virtual bool on_modbus_no_response() { return false; }
+
+  /// High-level typed response callbacks, fired by the default on_response()/on_error() with arguments
+  /// parsed from the request and response PDUs.
+  /// Status is std::nullopt on success; holds the exception code on failure.
+  /// Register values are in host byte order; spans are only valid for the duration of the call.
+  virtual void on_read_registers(EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                 ResponseStatus status) {}
+  virtual void on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                         ResponseStatus status) {
+    this->on_read_registers(EntityType::HOLDING, start_address, registers, status);
+  }
+  virtual void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                       ResponseStatus status) {
+    this->on_read_registers(EntityType::INPUT_REGISTER, start_address, registers, status);
+  }
+  /// Coil/discrete-input reads are delivered as a PackedBits view (bit 0 = the bit at start_address,
+  /// bits.size() = the count requested). The view points into the hub's receive buffer and is only
+  /// valid during the call.
+  virtual void on_read_bits(EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) {}
+  virtual void on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) {
+    this->on_read_bits(EntityType::COIL, start_address, bits, status);
+  }
+  virtual void on_read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) {
+    this->on_read_bits(EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT, start_address, bits, status);
+  }
+  /// Write acknowledgements. These deliberately mirror the read callbacks' shapes, so a write ack can be fed
+  /// through the same handler as a read (registers.size() / bits.size() gives the count)
+  ///
+  /// IMPORTANT - for the multi-writes these are the values that were REQUESTED, not device-confirmed
+  /// state: a multi-write ack only echoes the start address and count, so the values are decoded from
+  /// the request PDU, and they are delivered even when status holds an exception code. Always check
+  /// status, and treat publishing them as an optimistic update rather than a read-back. The single
+  /// writes are the exception: their successful ack echoes the value, so on success the delivered
+  /// value is the device's echo (on an exception it falls back to the request copy).
+  virtual void on_write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value, ResponseStatus status) {}
+  virtual void on_write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value, ResponseStatus status) {}
+  virtual void on_write_multiple_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                           ResponseStatus status) {}
+  virtual void on_write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) {}
+  /// Catch-all for custom function codes and anything that is not a standard-conformant transaction
+  /// (see dispatch_response_()); on failure the response is empty and the exception code is in status.
+  /// The default implementation only logs a warning that the response is going unhandled - override it
+  /// to handle custom traffic (which also silences the warning).
+  virtual void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                                  ResponseStatus status);
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use the typed read_*/write_* helpers or queue_pdu() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
   void send(uint8_t function, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities, uint8_t payload_len = 0,
             const uint8_t *payload = nullptr) {
-    this->parent_->send_pdu(this->address_,
-                            helpers::create_client_pdu((ModbusFunctionCode) function, start_address, number_of_entities,
-                                                       payload, payload_len),
-                            this);
+    this->parent_->queue_pdu(
+        this->address_,
+        helpers::create_client_pdu((FunctionCode) function, start_address, number_of_entities, payload, payload_len),
+        this);
   }
-  void send_pdu(const StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> &pdu) { this->parent_->send_pdu(this->address_, pdu, this); }
-  void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) { this->parent_->send_raw(payload, this); }
-  inline void clear_tx_queue_for_address(bool clear_sent = true) {
-    this->parent_->clear_tx_queue_for_address(this->address_, clear_sent);
+  /// See ModbusClientHub::queue_pdu(): true = accepted into the queue and a terminal callback will
+  /// follow (except a broadcast (address 0), which is never answered and so gets only on_sent()),
+  /// false = refused at the door and nothing further happens. Neither means the frame is on the wire;
+  /// on_sent() reports that.
+  bool queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->parent_->queue_pdu(this->address_, pdu, this, options);
   }
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0. As on the hub, this is the signature 2026.7.4 shipped: void, no options.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() instead - the call queues a request, it does not send one, and it "
+                "reports whether the request was accepted. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                "2026.8.0")
+  void send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) { this->queue_pdu(pdu); }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use queue_pdu() instead (the device address is prepended for you). Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+  void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
+    if (payload.empty())
+      return;  // too short to contain a PDU; refused at the door like any invalid send
+    this->parent_->queue_pdu(payload[0], std::span<const uint8_t>(payload).subspan(1), this);
+  }
+  // The typed request builders below all queue through queue_pdu(), so they share its contract: true
+  // means the request is queued and will resolve in exactly one terminal callback (except a broadcast
+  // (address 0), which is never answered and so gets only on_sent()), false means it was refused outright
+  // with no callback. Neither says the frame has been transmitted - on_sent() does.
+  // Reads via the table-appropriate function code; an unreadable entity type maps to INVALID, which
+  // create_read_pdu() rejects into an empty PDU and queue_pdu() refuses with a false return.
+  bool read_entities(EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
+                     CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(helpers::modbus_register_read_function(entity_type), start_address,
+                                                    number_of_entities),
+                           options);
+  }
+  bool read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers, CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(
+        helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS, start_address, number_of_registers), options);
+  }
+  bool read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers, CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(
+        helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, start_address, number_of_registers), options);
+  }
+  bool read_coils(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_coils, CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_COILS, start_address, number_of_coils), options);
+  }
+  bool read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_inputs, CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(
+        helpers::create_read_pdu(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, start_address, number_of_inputs), options);
+  }
+  bool write_single_register(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t value) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_single_register_pdu(start_address, value));
+  }
+  bool write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_single_coil_pdu(address, value));
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(start_address, values));
+  }
+  /// Note: std::vector<bool> cannot bind to std::span<const bool>; use a contiguous bool container or the packed
+  /// overload.
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start_address, values));
+  }
+  /// Packed variant: a PackedBits view (the same layout on_read_coils() delivers), so
+  /// read-modify-write needs no unpack/repack.
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start_address, bits));
+  }
+  /// FC 0x17: the read-back is delivered through on_read_holding_registers() (the response carries only the
+  /// read registers, the same wire shape as a holding-register read). A device exception - typically a
+  /// rejected write half - arrives at that same on_read_holding_registers() with the error in its status,
+  /// exactly as success does, so a subclass overriding that one callback handles both outcomes and never
+  /// needs to also override on_error().
+  bool read_write_multiple_registers(uint16_t read_start_address, uint16_t read_count, uint16_t write_start_address,
+                                     std::span<const uint16_t> write_values) {
+    return this->queue_pdu(helpers::create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(read_start_address, read_count,
+                                                                             write_start_address, write_values));
+  }
+  inline void clear_tx_queue_for_address() { this->parent_->clear_tx_queue_for_address(this->address_); }
   inline void clear_tx_queue_for_device() { this->parent_->clear_tx_queue_for_device(this); }
 
-  // If more than one device is connected block sending a new command before a response is received
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use ready_for_immediate_send() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  bool waiting_for_response() { return !this->ready_for_immediate_send(); }
   bool ready_for_immediate_send() { return this->parent_->tx_buffer_empty() && !this->parent_->tx_blocked(); }
 
  protected:
+  /// Parses the request/response PDU pair and dispatches to the matching high-level typed callback
+  void dispatch_response_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          ResponseStatus status);
+
   ModbusClientHub *parent_{nullptr};
   uint8_t address_{0};
+  bool custom_response_warned_{false};  // first unhandled custom response warns; repeats log at VERBOSE
 };
 
-// This is for compatibility with external components using the former class name
-// Remove before 2026.12.0
-using ModbusDevice ESPDEPRECATED("Use ModbusClientDevice instead. Removed in 2026.12.0",
-                                 "2026.6.0") = ModbusClientDevice;
+// Compatibility shim for external components written against the pre-2026.8 API, which subclassed
+// ModbusDevice and overrode on_modbus_data()/on_modbus_error(). The name is free (nothing in-tree
+// uses it), so instead of a plain alias it adapts the new span-based hooks back to the old
+// signatures: on_modbus_data() receives the response payload as an owning vector (the heap copy
+// exists only on this deprecated path) and on_modbus_error() the function code and exception code.
+// Remove before 2027.2.0 (window restarted when the plain alias became a behavior shim in 2026.8.0)
+class ESPDEPRECATED("Subclass ModbusClientDevice and override on_response()/on_error() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                    "2026.8.0") ModbusDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  using ModbusClientDevice::ModbusClientDevice;
+  virtual void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {}
+  virtual void on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) {}
 
-// Result of a server register handler: std::nullopt means success, otherwise the Modbus exception code to return.
-using ServerResponseStatus = std::optional<ModbusExceptionCode>;
-// Register values exchanged with server handlers, in host byte order. Sized at the larger of the two protocol
-// maxima (read = 125 / 0x7D, write = 123 / 0x7B); the per-direction count limit is enforced by the hub, not by
-// the capacity of this type.
-using RegisterValues = StaticVector<uint16_t, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ>;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    // Custom (user-defined) function codes historically delivered the payload starting AT the function
+    // code byte (frame data_offset 1). server_pdu_payload() drops that byte, so pass the whole PDU for
+    // them - external components match the first byte against the code they sent (issue #17994).
+    auto payload = !response_pdu.empty() && helpers::is_function_code_custom(response_pdu[0])
+                       ? response_pdu
+                       : helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
+    this->on_modbus_data(std::vector<uint8_t>(payload.begin(), payload.end()));
+  }
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, ExceptionCode exception_code) override {
+    this->on_modbus_error(request_pdu.empty() ? 0 : request_pdu[0], static_cast<uint8_t>(exception_code));
+  }
+};
 
 class ModbusServerDevice {
  public:
@@ -219,20 +682,37 @@ class ModbusServerDevice {
   ModbusServerDevice &operator=(ModbusServerDevice &&) = delete;
   void set_address(uint8_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   uint8_t get_address() const { return this->address_; }
-  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
-                                                        RegisterValues &registers) {
-    return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                           RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
   };
-  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
-                                                              RegisterValues &registers) {
-    return this->on_modbus_read_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                 RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return this->on_read_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
   };
-  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
-                                                                RegisterValues &registers) {
-    return this->on_modbus_read_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                   RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return this->on_read_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
   };
-  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) {
-    return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  };
+  /// Coil/discrete-input reads: set the requested bits (bit 0 = the coil at start_address) with
+  /// bits.set(). The view covers bits.size() pre-zeroed bits and writes land directly in the hub's
+  /// response buffer (no copy); it is only valid during the call.
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) {
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  };
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) {
+    return this->on_read_bits(start_address, bits);
+  };
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) {
+    return this->on_read_bits(start_address, bits);
+  };
+  /// Coil writes deliver the values as a PackedBits view over the hub's receive buffer (only valid
+  /// during the call). A single-coil write (FC 0x05) arrives as bits.size() == 1.
+  virtual ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
   };
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
index 1c03498f1d..64f7210585 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::modbus {
 
@@ -13,7 +18,7 @@ const uint8_t FUNCTION_CODE_USER_DEFINED_SPACE_1_END = 72;   // 0x48
 const uint8_t FUNCTION_CODE_USER_DEFINED_SPACE_2_INIT = 100;  // 0x64
 const uint8_t FUNCTION_CODE_USER_DEFINED_SPACE_2_END = 110;   // 0x6E
 
-enum class ModbusFunctionCode : uint8_t {
+enum class FunctionCode : uint8_t {
   INVALID = 0x00,  // 0x00 is not a valid function code (even for custom functions).
   CUSTOM = 0x00,   // The CUSTOM alias should be removed in future.
   READ_COILS = 0x01,
@@ -28,34 +33,46 @@ enum class ModbusFunctionCode : uint8_t {
   GET_COMM_EVENT_LOG = 0x0C,      // not implemented
   WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS = 0x0F,
   WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS = 0x10,
-  REPORT_SERVER_ID = 0x11,               // not implemented
-  READ_FILE_RECORD = 0x14,               // not implemented
-  WRITE_FILE_RECORD = 0x15,              // not implemented
-  MASK_WRITE_REGISTER = 0x16,            // not implemented
-  READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS = 0x17,  // not implemented
-  READ_FIFO_QUEUE = 0x18,                // not implemented
+  REPORT_SERVER_ID = 0x11,     // not implemented
+  READ_FILE_RECORD = 0x14,     // not implemented
+  WRITE_FILE_RECORD = 0x15,    // not implemented
+  MASK_WRITE_REGISTER = 0x16,  // not implemented
+  READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS = 0x17,
+  READ_FIFO_QUEUE = 0x18,  // not implemented
 };
 
-/*Allow direct comparison operators between ModbusFunctionCode and uint8_t*/
-inline bool operator==(ModbusFunctionCode lhs, uint8_t rhs) { return static_cast<uint8_t>(lhs) == rhs; }
-inline bool operator==(uint8_t lhs, ModbusFunctionCode rhs) { return lhs == static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs); }
-inline bool operator!=(ModbusFunctionCode lhs, uint8_t rhs) { return !(static_cast<uint8_t>(lhs) == rhs); }
-inline bool operator!=(uint8_t lhs, ModbusFunctionCode rhs) { return !(lhs == static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs)); }
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+using ModbusFunctionCode ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::FunctionCode instead. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                                       "2026.8.0") = FunctionCode;
 
-// 4.3 MODBUS Data model
-enum class ModbusRegisterType : uint8_t {
+/*Allow direct comparison operators between FunctionCode and uint8_t*/
+inline bool operator==(FunctionCode lhs, uint8_t rhs) { return static_cast<uint8_t>(lhs) == rhs; }
+inline bool operator==(uint8_t lhs, FunctionCode rhs) { return lhs == static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs); }
+inline bool operator!=(FunctionCode lhs, uint8_t rhs) { return !(static_cast<uint8_t>(lhs) == rhs); }
+inline bool operator!=(uint8_t lhs, FunctionCode rhs) { return !(lhs == static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs)); }
+
+// 4.3 MODBUS Data model. "Entity" is the spec's umbrella for the four primary tables; only the
+// 16-bit tables are registers (coils and discrete inputs are bits), so the enum is not named
+// RegisterType.
+enum class EntityType : uint8_t {
   CUSTOM = 0x00,
   COIL = 0x01,
   DISCRETE_INPUT = 0x02,
   HOLDING = 0x03,
-  READ = 0x04,
+  // Named INPUT_REGISTER (not INPUT) because Arduino cores define INPUT as a macro.
+  INPUT_REGISTER = 0x04,
+  // Remove before 2027.2.0
+  READ ESPDEPRECATED("Use EntityType::INPUT_REGISTER instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.7.0") = INPUT_REGISTER,
 };
 
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+using ModbusRegisterType ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::EntityType instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0") = EntityType;
+
 // 7 MODBUS Exception Responses:
 const uint8_t FUNCTION_CODE_MASK = 0x7F;
 const uint8_t FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK = 0x80;
 
-enum class ModbusExceptionCode : uint8_t {
+enum class ExceptionCode : uint8_t {
   ILLEGAL_FUNCTION = 0x01,
   ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS = 0x02,
   ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE = 0x03,
@@ -67,9 +84,19 @@ enum class ModbusExceptionCode : uint8_t {
   GATEWAY_TARGET_DEVICE_FAILED_TO_RESPOND = 0x0B,
 };
 
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+using ModbusExceptionCode ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::ExceptionCode instead. Removed in 2027.2.0",
+                                        "2026.8.0") = ExceptionCode;
+
+// 6.11 15 (0x0F) Write Multiple Coils
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE = 1968;  // 0x7B0
+
 // 6.12 16 (0x10) Write Multiple registers:
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE = 123;  // 0x7B
 
+// 6.17 23 (0x17) Read/Write Multiple Registers:
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW = 121;  // 0x79
+
 // 6.1 01 (0x01) Read Coils
 // 6.2 02 (0x02) Read Discrete Inputs
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ = 2000;            // 0x7D0
@@ -77,12 +104,94 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ = 2000;  // 0x7D0
 
 // 6.3 03 (0x03) Read Holding Registers
 // 6.4 04 (0x04) Read Input Registers
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ = 125;  // 0x7D
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ = 125;  // 0x7D
 
 // Smallest possible frame is 4 bytes (custom function with no data): address(1) + function(1) + CRC(2)
 static constexpr uint16_t MIN_FRAME_SIZE = 4;
+static constexpr uint16_t MIN_PDU_SIZE = 1;
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_PDU_SIZE = 253;  // Max PDU size is 256 - address(1) - CRC(2) = 253
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_RAW_SIZE = 254;  // Max RAW size is 256 - CRC(2) = 254
+// A read request PDU is always function code(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2)
+static constexpr uint16_t READ_PDU_SIZE = 5;
+// A single-write PDU is always function code(1) + address(2) + value(2)
+static constexpr uint16_t WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE = 5;
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 256;
+
+// 4.1 Address 0 is the broadcast address: the request is processed by every device and never answered.
+static constexpr uint8_t BROADCAST_ADDRESS = 0;
+
+// Both send paths bound their payload so the framed result lands exactly on the RTU limit: a client
+// PDU gains an address byte and a CRC, a raw server frame gains a CRC. send_frame_() therefore never
+// has to check the framed size - it cannot be exceeded.
+static_assert(MAX_PDU_SIZE + 3 == MAX_FRAME_SIZE, "a framed client PDU must fill the RTU frame limit");
+static_assert(MAX_RAW_SIZE + 2 == MAX_FRAME_SIZE, "a framed raw server payload must fill the RTU frame limit");
+/// Bits pack 8 per data byte, rounded up to whole bytes.
+constexpr size_t packed_bit_bytes(size_t bits) { return (bits + 7) / 8; }
+
+// A coil/discrete-input read answers with byte count(1) + packed_bit_bytes(count) bytes, which has to fit
+// the raw frame body. The runtime check on that path catches a caller entering with bytes already written;
+// this catches the other way in, raising the ceiling past what a frame can carry.
+static_assert(1 + packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ) <= MAX_RAW_SIZE,
+              "MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ yields a read response larger than MAX_RAW_SIZE");
+static_assert(1 + packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ) <= MAX_RAW_SIZE,
+              "MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ yields a read response larger than MAX_RAW_SIZE");
+
+// The coil and discrete-input ceilings are separate limits in the spec but hold the same value, so the
+// read paths validate both against MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ. Should the spec ever split them, this fires.
+static_assert(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ == MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ,
+              "the coil and discrete-input read ceilings must match");
+
+/** Read-only view of Modbus-packed bits: bit 0 of byte 0 is the first bit (LSB first), the layout
+ * coil/discrete-input values use on the wire. Bundles the bit count with the packed bytes so the
+ * two cannot desynchronize. The view does not own the bytes - it is only valid while they are.
+ * Reads (operator[]) are unchecked by design - the caller owns the bit < size() precondition, as
+ * with any subscript. Writes and forwarding are defensive: set() drops out-of-range bits and
+ * bytes() clamps to the real span, because those paths touch buffers and the wire directly.
+ */
+class PackedBits {
+ public:
+  PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t count) : data_(data), count_(count) {}
+  /// Value of the given bit; bit must be < size().
+  bool operator[](size_t bit) const { return (this->data_[bit / 8] & (1 << (bit % 8))) != 0; }
+  /// Number of bits in the view.
+  uint16_t size() const { return this->count_; }
+  /// The underlying packed bytes: exactly ceil(size() / 8) bytes, even when the view was constructed
+  /// over a larger buffer - forwarding this span onto the wire can never leak trailing buffer content.
+  /// Clamped to the actual span so a view over a too-short buffer stays detectable instead of UB.
+  std::span<const uint8_t> bytes() const {
+    return this->data_.first(std::min<size_t>(packed_bit_bytes(this->count_), this->data_.size()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::span<const uint8_t> data_;  // must cover ceil(count_ / 8) bytes
+  uint16_t count_;
+};
+
+/** Mutable counterpart of PackedBits: set() writes bits in place (deliberately no proxy operator[]=).
+ * Converts implicitly to PackedBits for read access.
+ */
+class MutablePackedBits {
+ public:
+  MutablePackedBits(std::span<uint8_t> data, uint16_t count) : data_(data), count_(count) {}
+  bool operator[](size_t bit) const { return (this->data_[bit / 8] & (1 << (bit % 8))) != 0; }
+  /// Set or clear the given bit. Out-of-range bits are dropped: on the server read path the span wraps a
+  /// stack response buffer, so a handler looping past size() must not be able to smash the frame.
+  void set(size_t bit, bool value) {
+    if (bit >= this->count_ || bit / 8 >= this->data_.size())
+      return;
+    if (value) {
+      this->data_[bit / 8] |= (1 << (bit % 8));
+    } else {
+      this->data_[bit / 8] &= ~(1 << (bit % 8));
+    }
+  }
+  uint16_t size() const { return this->count_; }
+  operator PackedBits() const { return PackedBits(this->data_, this->count_); }
+
+ private:
+  std::span<uint8_t> data_;  // must cover ceil(count_ / 8) bytes
+  uint16_t count_;
+};
+
 /// End of Modbus definitions
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
index 53fa6afacb..db21b6e6fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
@@ -7,81 +7,182 @@ namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_helpers";
 
-uint16_t server_frame_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
-  if (size < 2)
-    return MIN_FRAME_SIZE;
-  if (is_function_code_exception(frame[1])) {
-    return 5;  // address(1) + function(1) + exception(1) + CRC(2)
+// A quantity/address pair is standard when the quantity is non-zero, within the per-table maximum,
+// and the range [start_address, start_address + quantity) stays inside the 16-bit address space.
+// Non-logging twin of register_block_in_range(): the same three predicates for the parser side, taking a
+// uint16_t quantity. register_block_in_range() is the builder-side variant that also logs which half failed.
+static bool quantity_in_range(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t quantity, uint16_t max_quantity) {
+  return quantity != 0 && quantity <= max_quantity && address_range_fits(start_address, quantity);
+}
+
+// The spec allows exactly ON (0xFF00) and OFF (0x0000) for a single-coil value, on the request and
+// on its echoed response alike.
+static bool is_canonical_coil_value(uint8_t high_byte, uint8_t low_byte) {
+  return (high_byte == 0xFF || high_byte == 0x00) && low_byte == 0x00;
+}
+
+uint16_t server_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
+  if (size < MIN_PDU_SIZE)
+    return MIN_PDU_SIZE;
+  if (is_function_code_exception(frame[0])) {
+    return 2;  // function(1) + exception(1)
   }
-  switch (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(frame[1])) {
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_COILS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
-      return 5 + (size > 2 ? std::min(frame[2], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2)) : 0);
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
-      return 8;  // address(1) + function(1) + output/register address(2) + value(2) + CRC(2)
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(frame[0])) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+      // function(1) + byte count(1) + data
+      return 2 + (size > 1 ? std::min(frame[1], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2)) : 0);
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      return 5;  // function(1) + output/register address(2) + value(2)
     // Unsupported function codes. Included here to prevent parser failures. Excluding Serial Line specific functions.
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
-      return 5 + (size > 2 ? std::min(frame[2], uint8_t(MAX_FRAME_SIZE - 5)) : 0);
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER:
-      return 10;  // address(1) + function(1) + reference address(2) + AND mask(2) + OR mask(2) + CRC(2)
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
-      return 5 + (size > 2 ? std::min(frame[2], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2)) : 0);
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_FIFO_QUEUE:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + fifo address(2) CRC(2)
-      return 6;
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
+      // function(1) + byte count(1) + data
+      return 2 + (size > 1 ? std::min(frame[1], uint8_t(MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2)) : 0);
+    case FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER:
+      return 7;  // function(1) + reference address(2) + AND mask(2) + OR mask(2)
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      // function(1) + byte count(1) + data
+      return 2 + (size > 1 ? std::min(frame[1], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2)) : 0);
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FIFO_QUEUE:
+      // function(1) + fifo address(2)
+      return 3;
     default:
-      return MIN_FRAME_SIZE;  // unknown length
+      return MIN_PDU_SIZE;  // unknown length
   }
 }
 
-uint16_t client_frame_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
-  if (size < 2)
-    return MIN_FRAME_SIZE;
-  switch (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(frame[1])) {
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_COILS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + CRC(2)
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
-      return 8;  // address(1) + function(1) + output/register address(2) + value(2) + CRC(2)
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
-      return 9 + (size > 6 ? std::min(frame[6], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE * 2)) : 0);
+uint16_t client_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
+  if (size < MIN_PDU_SIZE)
+    return MIN_PDU_SIZE;
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(frame[0])) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+      // function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2)
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+      return 5;  // function(1) + output/register address(2) + value(2)
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+      // function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + packed coil data (8 coils per byte).
+      return 6 + (size > 5 ? std::min(frame[5], uint8_t(packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE))) : 0);
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      // function(1) + start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1) + register data (2 bytes per register).
+      return 6 + (size > 5 ? std::min(frame[5], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE * 2)) : 0);
     // Unsupported function codes. Included here to prevent parser failures. Excluding Serial Line specific functions.
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
-      return 5 + (size > 2 ? std::min(frame[2], uint8_t(MAX_FRAME_SIZE - 5)) : 0);
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER:
-      return 10;  // address(1) + function(1) + reference address(2) + AND mask(2) + OR mask(2) + CRC(2)
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + read start address(2) + read quantity(2) + write start address(2) +
-      // write quantity(2) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
-      return 13 + (size > 10 ? std::min(frame[10], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE * 2)) : 0);
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_FIFO_QUEUE:
-      // address(1) + function(1) + fifo address(2) CRC(2)
-      return 6;
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
+      // function(1) + byte count(1) + data
+      return 2 + (size > 1 ? std::min(frame[1], uint8_t(MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2)) : 0);
+    case FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER:
+      return 7;  // function(1) + reference address(2) + AND mask(2) + OR mask(2)
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      // function(1) + read start address(2) + read quantity(2) + write start address(2) +
+      // write quantity(2) + byte count(1) + data
+      return 10 + (size > 9 ? std::min(frame[9], uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW * 2)) : 0);
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FIFO_QUEUE:
+      // function(1) + fifo address(2)
+      return 3;
     default:
-      return MIN_FRAME_SIZE;  // unknown length
+      return MIN_PDU_SIZE;  // unknown length
+  }
+}
+
+bool is_server_pdu_standard(const uint8_t *pdu, size_t size) {
+  if (server_pdu_length(pdu, size) != size)
+    return false;
+
+  const auto function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(pdu[0]);
+  switch (function_code) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+      // A conformant bit-read response carries at least one packed byte (up to 2000 bits = 250 bytes).
+      return pdu[1] != 0 && pdu[1] <= uint8_t(packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ));
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+      // Registers are 2 bytes each: the byte count must be a non-zero even count within the read maximum.
+      return pdu[1] != 0 && pdu[1] % 2 == 0 && pdu[1] <= uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2);
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
+      return pdu[1] <= uint8_t(MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2);
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+      return pdu[1] != 0 && pdu[1] % 2 == 0 && pdu[1] <= uint8_t(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2);
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // The response echoes start address and quantity: bound them like the request side does.
+      const bool bits = function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS;
+      const uint16_t start_address = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 1);
+      const uint16_t quantity = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 3);
+      const uint16_t max_quantity = bits ? MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE : MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE;
+      return quantity_in_range(start_address, quantity, max_quantity);
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
+      // The response echoes the request, so the same ON/OFF constraint applies.
+      return is_canonical_coil_value(pdu[3], pdu[4]);
+    default:
+      return true;  // All other function codes validated by length alone
+  }
+}
+
+bool is_client_pdu_standard(const uint8_t *pdu, size_t size) {
+  if (client_pdu_length(pdu, size) != size)
+    return false;
+
+  const auto function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(pdu[0]);
+  switch (function_code) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: {
+      const bool bits =
+          function_code == FunctionCode::READ_COILS || function_code == FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS;
+      const uint16_t start_address = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 1);
+      const uint16_t quantity = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 3);
+      const uint16_t max_quantity = bits ? MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ : MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ;
+      return quantity_in_range(start_address, quantity, max_quantity);
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      const bool bits = function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS;
+      const uint16_t start_address = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 1);
+      const uint16_t quantity = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 3);
+      const uint16_t max_quantity = bits ? MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE : MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE;
+      // Coils are packed 8 per data byte; registers are 2 bytes each.
+      const size_t expected_data_bytes = bits ? packed_bit_bytes(quantity) : quantity * 2;
+      return quantity_in_range(start_address, quantity, max_quantity) && pdu[5] == expected_data_bytes;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
+      return pdu[1] <= MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2;
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      const uint16_t start_address_read = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 1);
+      const uint16_t quantity_read = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 3);
+      const uint16_t start_address_write = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 5);
+      const uint16_t quantity_write = get_data<uint16_t>(pdu, 7);
+      return quantity_in_range(start_address_read, quantity_read, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) &&
+             quantity_in_range(start_address_write, quantity_write, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW) &&
+             pdu[9] == quantity_write * 2;
+    }
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
+      // The one variable field in an otherwise fixed-shape PDU: the spec allows exactly ON/OFF.
+      return is_canonical_coil_value(pdu[3], pdu[4]);
+    default:
+      return true;  // All other function codes validated by length alone
   }
 }
 
 static size_t required_payload_size(SensorValueType sensor_value_type) {
   switch (sensor_value_type) {
     case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD_S:
     case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD_S:
       return 2;
     case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
     case SensorValueType::FP32:
@@ -105,8 +206,8 @@ void log_unsupported_value_type(SensorValueType value_type) {
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid data type for modbus number to payload conversion: %d", static_cast<uint16_t>(value_type));
 }
 
-int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
-                          uint32_t bitmask, bool *error_return) {
+std::optional<int64_t> payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
+                                         uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask) {
   int64_t value = 0;  // int64_t because it can hold signed and unsigned 32 bits
 
   // Validate offset against the buffer for all types, including RAW/unsupported, so
@@ -114,9 +215,7 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sens
   if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) > size) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value type=%u offset=%u size=%zu", static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type),
              static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), size);
-    if (error_return)
-      *error_return = true;
-    return value;
+    return std::nullopt;
   }
 
   const size_t required_size = required_payload_size(sensor_value_type);
@@ -127,15 +226,18 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sens
   if (size - offset < required_size) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value type=%u offset=%u size=%zu required=%zu",
              static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), size, required_size);
-    if (error_return)
-      *error_return = true;
-    return value;
+    return std::nullopt;
   }
 
   switch (sensor_value_type) {
     case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
       value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<uint16_t>(data, offset), bitmask);  // default is 0xFFFF ;
       break;
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD_S: {
+      uint16_t word = byteswap(get_data<uint16_t>(data, offset));
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(word, bitmask);
+      break;
+    }
     case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
     case SensorValueType::FP32:
       value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
@@ -150,6 +252,11 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sens
     case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
       value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<int16_t>(data, offset), bitmask);  // default is 0xFFFF ;
       break;
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD_S: {
+      uint16_t word = byteswap(get_data<uint16_t>(data, offset));
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(static_cast<int16_t>(word), bitmask);
+      break;
+    }
     case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
       value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<int32_t>(data, offset), bitmask);
       break;
@@ -179,8 +286,7 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sens
   return value;
 }
 
-int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
-                            bool *error_return) {
+std::optional<int64_t> registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type) {
   const size_t required_size = required_payload_size(sensor_value_type);
   if (required_size == 0) {
     return 0;  // RAW/unsupported: nothing to read
@@ -189,9 +295,7 @@ int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValue
   if (required_words > count) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough registers for value type=%u count=%zu required=%zu",
              static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), count, required_words);
-    if (error_return)
-      *error_return = true;
-    return 0;
+    return std::nullopt;
   }
   // Serialize the needed words back to big-endian bytes and reuse the audited byte decoder so the
   // sign-extension behaviour stays identical to the wire path.
@@ -201,104 +305,294 @@ int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValue
     bytes[i * 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reg >> 8);
     bytes[i * 2 + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reg & 0xFF);
   }
-  return payload_to_number(bytes, required_size, sensor_value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, error_return);
+  return payload_to_number(bytes, required_size, sensor_value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
 }
 
-StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> create_client_pdu(ModbusFunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                                                      uint16_t number_of_entities, const uint8_t *values,
-                                                      size_t values_len) {
-  if (is_function_code_read(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
+// Append a 16-bit value to a PDU in big-endian (wire) byte order.
+template<size_t CAP> static void append_pdu_word(StaticVector<uint8_t, CAP> &pdu, uint16_t value) {
+  pdu.push_back(value >> 8);
+  pdu.push_back(value >> 0);
+}
+
+// Every request PDU opens with the same 5-byte layout: function code, then two big-endian 16-bit
+// fields (start address + quantity for reads and multi-writes, address + value for single writes).
+template<size_t CAP>
+static void append_pdu_header(StaticVector<uint8_t, CAP> &pdu, FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t first,
+                              uint16_t second) {
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, first);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, second);
+}
+
+// Zero the unused bits of a multi-coil write's final data byte, as the spec requires. Kept in one
+// place so the generic and typed coil builders produce identical wire bytes for the same write.
+// The caller must pass a span whose LAST byte is the final packed-bit byte - both builders pass the
+// whole PDU, which qualifies because the coil data is always the PDU's tail.
+static void mask_trailing_pad_bits(std::span<uint8_t> data, uint16_t bit_count) {
+  if (data.empty() || bit_count % 8 == 0)
+    return;
+  data.back() &= static_cast<uint8_t>((1 << (bit_count % 8)) - 1);
+}
+
+ReadPdu create_read_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities) {
+  ReadPdu pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
+  if (number_of_entities == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Number of entities is zero for function code %02X", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  if (!address_range_fits(start_address, number_of_entities)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read of %u entities at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", number_of_entities,
+             start_address);
+    return pdu;
+  }
+
+  switch (function_code) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum coils to read %u for function code %02X",
+                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+        return pdu;
+      }
+      break;
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum discrete inputs to read %u for function code %02X",
+                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+        return pdu;
+      }
+      break;
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum registers to read %u for function code %02X",
+                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+        return pdu;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported function code %02X for read PDU creation", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+      return pdu;
+  }
+
+  append_pdu_header(pdu, function_code, start_address, number_of_entities);
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
+                            const uint8_t *values, size_t values_len) {
+  PduBuffer pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
+  // Generic entry point; prefer the direction- and type-specific builders (create_read_pdu(),
+  // create_write_registers_pdu(), etc.) which bound their inputs per spec.
+  if (is_function_code_read_only(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
     if (values != nullptr || values_len > 0) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Values provided for read function code %02X, but will be ignored",
                static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
     }
-  } else if (is_function_code_write(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
-    if (values == nullptr || values_len == 0) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No values provided for write function code %02X", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-      return {};
-    }
-  } else {
+    auto read_pdu = create_read_pdu(function_code, start_address, number_of_entities);
+    pdu.assign(read_pdu.begin(), read_pdu.end());
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  // Exact codes only: is_function_code_write() masks the exception bit, which would let the
+  // exception-flagged forms (0x85/0x86/0x8F/0x90) build a request announcing itself as an exception.
+  const bool is_single =
+      function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL || function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER;
+  const bool is_multi =
+      function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS || function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+  if (!is_single && !is_multi) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported function code %02X for client PDU creation", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-    return {};
+    return pdu;
   }
 
+  // Generic write builder: raw caller-supplied bytes, so we can only guard against the PDU byte capacity here.
+  if (values == nullptr || values_len == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No values provided for write function code %02X", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+    return pdu;
+  }
   if (number_of_entities == 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Number of entities is zero for function code %02X", static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-    return {};
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  // number_of_entities is ignored for single write, so only validate it for the multiple variants.
+  // The bound is per function code (coils pack 8 per byte, so their quantity limit is far higher) -
+  // the same limits is_client_pdu_standard() accepts, so builder and validator agree.
+  const uint16_t max_entities =
+      function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS ? MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE : MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE;
+  if (!is_single && number_of_entities > max_entities) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum %u for function code %02X", number_of_entities, max_entities,
+             static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  if (!is_single && !address_range_fits(start_address, number_of_entities)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write of %u entities at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", number_of_entities,
+             start_address);
+    return pdu;
   }
 
-  switch (function_code) {
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_COILS:
-      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum coils to read %u for function code %02X",
-                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-        return {};
-      }
-      break;
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
-      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum discrete inputs to read %u for function code %02X",
-                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-        return {};
-      }
-      break;
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
-      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum registers to read %u for function code %02X",
-                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-        return {};
-      }
-      break;
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
-      break;  // number_of_entities is ignored for single write, so no need to validate
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
-      if (number_of_entities > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "number_of_entities %u exceeds maximum registers to write %u for function code %02X",
-                 number_of_entities, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-        return {};
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported function code %u for client PDU creation", static_cast<unsigned int>(function_code));
-      return {};
-  }
-
-  StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> pdu;
-  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
-  pdu.push_back(start_address >> 8);
-  pdu.push_back(start_address >> 0);
-  if (function_code != ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL &&
-      function_code != ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
-    pdu.push_back(number_of_entities >> 8);
-    pdu.push_back(number_of_entities >> 0);
-  }
-
-  if (is_function_code_write(static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code))) {
-    if (function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS ||
-        function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
-      // 6 bytes of overhead (fc + start_addr×2 + qty×2 + byte_count) leave MAX_PDU_SIZE-6 bytes for values
-      static constexpr size_t MAX_WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_LEN = MAX_PDU_SIZE - 6;
-      if (values_len > MAX_WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_LEN) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values_len %zu exceeds PDU capacity %zu, dropping request", values_len,
-                 MAX_WRITE_MULTIPLE_VALUES_LEN);
-        return {};
-      }
-      pdu.push_back(values_len);  // Byte count is required for write multiple
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < values_len; i++)
-        pdu.push_back(values[i]);
-    } else {
-      // Write single register or coil (2 bytes)
-      if (values_len < 2) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values_len %zu too small for write-single command (need 2), dropping request", values_len);
-        return {};
-      }
-      pdu.push_back(values[0]);
-      pdu.push_back(values[1]);
+  if (is_single) {
+    // Write single register or coil: the two value bytes are the header's second field.
+    if (values_len < 2) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values_len %zu too small for write-single command (need 2), dropping request", values_len);
+      return pdu;
     }
+    // The spec allows exactly ON (0xFF00) and OFF (0x0000) for a single-coil write - the same rule
+    // is_client_pdu_standard() enforces, so a built frame cannot be misclassified on reply.
+    if (function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL && !is_canonical_coil_value(values[0], values[1])) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid single-coil value %02X%02X (must be FF00 or 0000), dropping request", values[0],
+               values[1]);
+      return pdu;
+    }
+    append_pdu_header(pdu, function_code, start_address, uint16_t((values[0] << 8) | values[1]));
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  // The quantity is spec-bounded above, so the data length just has to agree with it exactly
+  // (registers are 2 bytes each, coils pack 8 per byte). This is the same consistency the response
+  // dispatch enforces via is_client_pdu_standard(), so a frame built here can never be classified
+  // non-standard on reply, and the spec bound keeps the PDU within capacity by construction.
+  // Checked before the header append: a failed check must return an empty PDU, not a 5-byte partial one.
+  const bool bits = function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS;
+  const size_t expected_len = bits ? packed_bit_bytes(number_of_entities) : static_cast<size_t>(number_of_entities) * 2;
+  if (values_len != expected_len) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values_len %zu does not match %u entities (expected %zu) for function code %02X, dropping request",
+             values_len, number_of_entities, expected_len, static_cast<uint8_t>(function_code));
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  append_pdu_header(pdu, function_code, start_address, number_of_entities);
+  pdu.push_back(values_len);  // Byte count is required for write multiple
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < values_len; i++)
+    pdu.push_back(values[i]);
+  if (bits)
+    mask_trailing_pad_bits(pdu, number_of_entities);
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+// Validate one register block for a client builder: a non-zero quantity within max_quantity that does not
+// run past the 16-bit address space (register count × 2 stays within MAX_PDU_SIZE as a result). On failure
+// it logs the reason and returns false, on which the caller returns an empty PDU. `role` names the block in
+// the log ("Read"/"Write"). Logging twin of quantity_in_range(): the same three predicates, split so each
+// failure names its reason, and taking size_t so an oversize span is caught before any narrowing.
+static bool register_block_in_range(const LogString *role, uint16_t start_address, size_t quantity,
+                                    uint16_t max_quantity) {
+  if (quantity == 0 || quantity > max_quantity) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s count %zu out of range [1, %u], dropping request", LOG_STR_ARG(role), quantity, max_quantity);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!address_range_fits(start_address, quantity)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s of %zu registers at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", LOG_STR_ARG(role),
+             quantity, start_address);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_write_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+  PduBuffer pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
+  if (!register_block_in_range(LOG_STR("Write"), start_address, values.size(), MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE)) {
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  append_pdu_header(pdu, FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, start_address, values.size());
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(values.size() * 2));  // byte count
+  for (auto v : values) {
+    append_pdu_word(pdu, v);
   }
   return pdu;
 }
+
+PduBuffer create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(uint16_t read_start_address, uint16_t read_count,
+                                                   uint16_t write_start_address,
+                                                   std::span<const uint16_t> write_values) {
+  PduBuffer pdu;
+  if (!register_block_in_range(LOG_STR("Read"), read_start_address, read_count, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)) {
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  if (!register_block_in_range(LOG_STR("Write"), write_start_address, write_values.size(),
+                               MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW)) {
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  // fc + read start(2) + read qty(2) + write start(2) + write qty(2) + write byte count(1) + write values.
+  const auto write_count = static_cast<uint16_t>(write_values.size());
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS));
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, read_start_address);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, read_count);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, write_start_address);
+  append_pdu_word(pdu, write_count);
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(write_count * 2));  // byte count
+  for (auto v : write_values) {
+    append_pdu_word(pdu, v);
+  }
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+WriteSinglePdu create_write_single_register_pdu(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t value) {
+  WriteSinglePdu pdu;
+  append_pdu_header(pdu, FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER, start_address, value);
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+WriteSinglePdu create_write_single_coil_pdu(uint16_t address, bool value) {
+  WriteSinglePdu pdu;
+  append_pdu_header(pdu, FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, address, value ? 0xFF00 : 0x0000);
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+// Shared core for the two coil-write overloads: validates, then builds into the caller's named
+// pdu (left empty on failure). Each overload's returns all name one local, so NRVO fires.
+static void build_write_coils_pdu(PduBuffer &pdu, uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
+  const uint16_t count = bits.size();
+  const std::span<const uint8_t> packed_bits = bits.bytes();
+  if (count == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No coils requested for write multiple coils, dropping request");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (count > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "count %u exceeds maximum coils to write %u, dropping request", count, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!address_range_fits(start_address, count)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write of %u coils at %u runs past the 16-bit address space, dropping request", count, start_address);
+    return;
+  }
+  const size_t byte_count = packed_bit_bytes(count);
+  if (packed_bits.size() < byte_count) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "packed_bits (%zu bytes) does not cover %u coils (%zu bytes), dropping request", packed_bits.size(),
+             count, byte_count);
+    return;
+  }
+  append_pdu_header(pdu, FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, start_address, count);
+  pdu.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(byte_count));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != byte_count; i++) {
+    pdu.push_back(packed_bits[i]);
+  }
+  mask_trailing_pad_bits(pdu, count);
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) {
+  PduBuffer pdu;
+  build_write_coils_pdu(pdu, start_address, bits);
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+// Shared by the two bool-container overloads: both index the same way, so the packing is written once.
+template<typename BoolContainer>
+static PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu_from_bools(uint16_t start_address, const BoolContainer &values) {
+  PduBuffer pdu;  // declared before every return so NRVO fires (all paths return the same object)
+  const size_t count = values.size();
+  // Bound before packing so the transient buffer below cannot overflow; the shared core validates the rest.
+  if (count > MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "values.size() %zu exceeds maximum coils to write %u, dropping request", count,
+             MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE);
+    return pdu;
+  }
+  CoilPackBuffer packed;
+  pack_bits(packed, values);
+  build_write_coils_pdu(pdu, start_address, PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(packed.data(), packed.size()), count));
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+  return create_write_coils_pdu_from_bools(start_address, values);
+}
+
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<bool> &values) {
+  return create_write_coils_pdu_from_bools(start_address, values);
+}
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus::helpers
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h
index b7b9020945..b2454e6f14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h
@@ -1,28 +1,46 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cmath>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <cmath>
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h"
 
 namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
 
-inline bool is_function_code_read(uint8_t function_code) {
-  ModbusFunctionCode masked_function_code = static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
-  return masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_COILS ||
-         masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS ||
-         masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS ||
-         masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
+// Pure read codes (0x01-0x04): they only read, so they are idempotent and safe to retry.
+inline bool is_function_code_read_only(uint8_t function_code) {
+  FunctionCode masked_function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
+  return masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_COILS ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
 }
 
+// Codes whose response carries read-back data: the pure reads plus 0x17, which reads and writes at once.
+inline bool is_function_code_read(uint8_t function_code) {
+  return is_function_code_read_only(function_code) ||
+         static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK) == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+}
+
+// Codes that mutate registers or coils: the pure writes, 0x16 mask-write, and 0x17 read/write multiple.
 inline bool is_function_code_write(uint8_t function_code) {
-  ModbusFunctionCode masked_function_code = static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
-  return masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL ||
-         masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER ||
-         masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS ||
-         masked_function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+  FunctionCode masked_function_code = static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK);
+  return masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER ||
+         masked_function_code == FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
+}
+
+// True if [start_address, start_address + count) fits within the 16-bit Modbus address space. The 32-bit
+// promotion is the overflow guard - a 16-bit sum could wrap and pass.
+inline bool address_range_fits(uint16_t start_address, size_t count) {
+  return uint32_t(start_address) + count <= 0x10000u;
 }
 
 inline bool is_function_code_exception(uint8_t function_code) {
@@ -37,28 +55,102 @@ inline bool is_function_code_custom(uint8_t function_code) {
           masked_function_code <= FUNCTION_CODE_USER_DEFINED_SPACE_2_END);
 }
 
-// Returns the expected length of a server response frame based on the function code
-// If the frame is too short to determine the length, returns the minimum length
-uint16_t server_frame_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size);
+/// True for any function code whose frame length the parsers cannot predict - everything the
+/// server_pdu_length()/client_pdu_length() switches fall through to `default` on (keep the case list
+/// in step with those switches). Deliberately wider than is_function_code_custom(): the user-defined
+/// ranges are unknown to the parser too, but so are the assigned-but-unimplemented codes
+/// (READ_EXCEPTION_STATUS, DIAGNOSTICS, GET_COMM_EVENT_*, REPORT_SERVER_ID) and every unassigned value.
+/// The 0x80 exception flag is masked off first, so a frame with it set classifies by its base code -
+/// even though a spec exception reply has a known 2-byte PDU. That is deliberate, matching what
+/// is_function_code_custom() has always done: some vendors use codes with the 0x80 bit set as ordinary
+/// codes with longer payloads, so the response parser CRC-scans these rather than assuming the spec
+/// length. For an intact spec exception the scan matches at its first candidate, so only a corrupt one
+/// pays (recovery by timeout instead of an immediate CRC failure).
+inline bool is_function_code_unknown_length(uint8_t function_code) {
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK)) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::WRITE_FILE_RECORD:
+    case FunctionCode::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_FIFO_QUEUE:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+}
 
-// Returns the expected length of a client request frame based on the function code
-// If the frame is too short to determine the length, returns the minimum length
-uint16_t client_frame_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size);
+// Returns the expected length of a server response PDU based on the function code.
+// If too few bytes have arrived to determine the length, returns the minimum length. `size` is the
+// number of bytes available so far, which may exceed the eventual PDU (e.g. include the frame's CRC
+// bytes): only fixed header positions are interpreted, so surplus bytes are never misread.
+uint16_t server_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size);
+// Frame counterpart: address(1) + PDU + CRC(2). Passes every received byte after the address through,
+// so header fields (e.g. a byte count) are interpreted as soon as they arrive.
+inline uint16_t server_frame_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
+  if (size < 2)
+    return MIN_FRAME_SIZE;  // function code not received yet
+  return server_pdu_length(frame + 1, size - 1) + 3;
+}
 
+// Returns the expected length of a client request PDU based on the function code.
+// Same contract as server_pdu_length(): `size` is bytes available so far, may exceed the PDU.
+uint16_t client_pdu_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size);
+inline uint16_t client_frame_length(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
+  if (size < 2)
+    return MIN_FRAME_SIZE;  // function code not received yet
+  return client_pdu_length(frame + 1, size - 1) + 3;
+}
+
+// Returns true if pdu is a complete transaction whose shape is consistent with its function code.
+// Unlike *_pdu_length(), `size` here is the exact PDU length: a size mismatch is non-conformant.
+// Function codes with nothing variable to cross-check are validated by their fixed length alone: the
+// single writes (except 0x05's value field, which must be 0x0000 or 0xFF00), mask-write and FIFO, and
+// - deliberately - custom/unknown codes and exception responses, so a dispatcher can still route
+// them by function code rather than reject them outright. Tests pin this contract.
+bool is_server_pdu_standard(const uint8_t *pdu, size_t size);
+
+// Client counterpart: additionally checks quantity bounds and address-range arithmetic per function code.
+// The same acceptance rule applies to custom/unknown function codes.
+bool is_client_pdu_standard(const uint8_t *pdu, size_t size);
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use server_pdu_payload() on the response PDU instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
 inline uint8_t server_frame_data_offset(const uint8_t *frame, size_t size) {
   if (size < 2)
     return 0;
-  switch (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(frame[1])) {
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_COILS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
-    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
+  switch (static_cast<FunctionCode>(frame[1])) {
+    case FunctionCode::READ_COILS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
       return 3;  // address(1) + function(1) + byte count(1) + data + CRC(2)
     default:
       return 2;
   }
 }
 
+/** Returns the payload portion of a server response PDU: the bytes after the function code, and for the
+ * read responses (0x01-0x04 and 0x17) also after the byte-count byte. Response 0x14 also carries a
+ * byte-count byte, but that code is not implemented and its count byte is left in the payload. For
+ * an exception PDU the payload is the exception code byte (the read check must not see the masked
+ * function code, or an exception-of-read would classify as a read and return an empty span). Returns an
+ * empty span if the PDU is too short.
+ */
+inline std::span<const uint8_t> server_pdu_payload(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+  if (pdu.empty())
+    return {};
+  const size_t offset = (!is_function_code_exception(pdu[0]) && is_function_code_read(pdu[0])) ? 2 : 1;
+  return pdu.size() > offset ? pdu.subspan(offset) : std::span<const uint8_t>();
+}
+
 inline uint8_t client_frame_data_offset(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return 2; }
 
 enum class SensorValueType : uint8_t {
@@ -75,39 +167,46 @@ enum class SensorValueType : uint8_t {
   U_QWORD_R = 0xA,
   S_QWORD_R = 0xB,
   FP32 = 0xC,
-  FP32_R = 0xD
+  FP32_R = 0xD,
+  U_WORD_S = 0xE,  // 1 Register unsigned, bytes swapped
+  S_WORD_S = 0xF,  // 1 Register signed, bytes swapped
 };
 
 inline bool value_type_is_float(SensorValueType v) {
   return v == SensorValueType::FP32 || v == SensorValueType::FP32_R;
 }
 
-inline ModbusFunctionCode modbus_register_read_function(ModbusRegisterType reg_type) {
+/// Coils and discrete inputs are the bit-addressed entity tables; the other types are 16-bit registers.
+inline bool is_entity_type_binary(EntityType type) {
+  return type == EntityType::COIL || type == EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT;
+}
+
+inline FunctionCode modbus_register_read_function(EntityType reg_type) {
   switch (reg_type) {
-    case ModbusRegisterType::COIL:
-      return ModbusFunctionCode::READ_COILS;
-    case ModbusRegisterType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
-      return ModbusFunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS;
-    case ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING:
-      return ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS;
-    case ModbusRegisterType::READ:
-      return ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
+    case EntityType::COIL:
+      return FunctionCode::READ_COILS;
+    case EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
+      return FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS;
+    case EntityType::HOLDING:
+      return FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS;
+    case EntityType::INPUT_REGISTER:
+      return FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
     default:
-      return ModbusFunctionCode::INVALID;
+      return FunctionCode::INVALID;
   }
 }
 
-inline ModbusFunctionCode modbus_register_write_function(ModbusRegisterType reg_type, bool multiple = false) {
+inline FunctionCode modbus_register_write_function(EntityType reg_type, bool multiple = false) {
   switch (reg_type) {
-    case ModbusRegisterType::COIL:
-      return multiple ? ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS : ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL;
-    case ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING:
-      return multiple ? ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS : ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER;
+    case EntityType::COIL:
+      return multiple ? FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS : FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL;
+    case EntityType::HOLDING:
+      return multiple ? FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS : FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER;
     // These register types can't be written (per spec)
-    case ModbusRegisterType::READ:
-    case ModbusRegisterType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
+    case EntityType::INPUT_REGISTER:
+    case EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
     default:
-      return ModbusFunctionCode::INVALID;
+      return FunctionCode::INVALID;
   }
 }
 
@@ -197,9 +296,36 @@ template<typename T> T get_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, size_t buffer_
  * @param data modbus response buffer (uint8_t)
  * @return content of coil register
  */
-inline bool coil_from_vector(int coil, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  auto data_byte = coil / 8;
-  return (data[data_byte] & (1 << (coil % 8))) > 0;
+inline bool bit_from_packed(int bit, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  auto data_byte = bit / 8;
+  return (data[data_byte] & (1 << (bit % 8))) > 0;
+}
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use bit_from_packed() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+inline bool coil_from_vector(int coil, std::span<const uint8_t> data) { return bit_from_packed(coil, data); }
+
+/** Append packed bytes (LSB first) for the given bits onto a growable byte container.
+ * push_back-based so callers can build a payload incrementally (e.g. a std::vector<uint8_t>
+ * with no fixed upper bound). A non-byte-aligned count appends n+1 bytes, the last holding
+ * the remaining bits in its low positions.
+ * @param out destination byte container exposing push_back(uint8_t)
+ * @param bits container of bool exposing range-based iteration
+ */
+template<typename Out, typename Bits> void pack_bits(Out &out, const Bits &bits) {
+  uint8_t byte = 0;
+  uint8_t bit = 0;
+  for (bool b : bits) {
+    if (b)
+      byte |= (1 << bit);
+    if (++bit == 8) {
+      out.push_back(byte);
+      byte = 0;
+      bit = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if (bit != 0)  // flush the final partial byte
+    out.push_back(byte);
 }
 
 /** Extract bits from value and shift right according to the bitmask
@@ -236,6 +362,10 @@ template<typename Container> void number_to_payload(Container &data, int64_t val
     case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
       data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
       break;
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD_S:
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD_S:
+      data.push_back(byteswap(static_cast<uint16_t>(value & 0xFFFF)));
+      break;
     case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
     case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
     case SensorValueType::FP32:
@@ -276,13 +406,21 @@ template<typename Container> void number_to_payload(Container &data, int64_t val
  * @param bitmask bitmask used for masking and shifting
  * @return 64-bit number of the payload
  */
-int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
-                          uint32_t bitmask, bool *error_return = nullptr);
+std::optional<int64_t> payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
+                                         uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask);
 
-/** Convert vector<uint8_t> response payload to number. */
+/** Convert a response payload span to number; std::nullopt if the payload is too short. */
+inline std::optional<int64_t> payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t> data, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
+                                                uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask) {
+  return payload_to_number(data.data(), data.size(), sensor_value_type, offset, bitmask);
+}
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use the std::span overload returning std::optional<int64_t> instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
 inline int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
-                                 uint32_t bitmask, bool *error_return = nullptr) {
-  return payload_to_number(data.data(), data.size(), sensor_value_type, offset, bitmask, error_return);
+                                 uint32_t bitmask) {
+  // Released behavior: a too-short payload logs an error and decodes to 0.
+  return payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), sensor_value_type, offset, bitmask).value_or(0);
 }
 
 /** Reconstruct a number from register words (host byte order). Inverse of number_to_payload.
@@ -292,10 +430,28 @@ inline int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueTy
  * @param sensor_value_type defines if 16/32/64 bits or FP32 is used
  * @return 64-bit number of the registers
  */
-int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
-                            bool *error_return = nullptr);
+std::optional<int64_t> registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type);
 
-/** Create a modbus clinet pdu for reading/writing single/multiple coils/register/inputs.
+// Named PDU buffer types: the builders' storage strategy (currently stack-allocated StaticVector,
+// right-sized per shape) can be swapped in one place without touching every signature.
+using PduBuffer = StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE>;
+using ReadPdu = StaticVector<uint8_t, READ_PDU_SIZE>;
+using WriteSinglePdu = StaticVector<uint8_t, WRITE_SINGLE_PDU_SIZE>;
+/// Scratch space for packing coils into wire layout: one bit per coil, sized for the spec maximum.
+using CoilPackBuffer = StaticVector<uint8_t, packed_bit_bytes(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE)>;
+
+/** Create a modbus read request PDU.
+ * @param function_code one of READ_COILS, READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, READ_INPUT_REGISTERS
+ * @param start_address coil/register/input starting address
+ * @param number_of_entities number of coils/registers/inputs to read
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC); empty on invalid input
+ */
+ReadPdu create_read_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities);
+
+/** Create a modbus client pdu for reading/writing single/multiple coils/register/inputs.
+ * Generic entry point; prefer the direction- and type-specific builders (create_read_pdu(),
+ * create_write_registers_pdu(), create_write_single_register_pdu(), create_write_coils_pdu(),
+ * create_write_single_coil_pdu()) which bound their inputs per spec.
  * @param function_code the modbus function code to use. One of:
  * READ_COILS
  * READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS
@@ -311,11 +467,84 @@ int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValue
  * @param values_len length of values array
  * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
  */
-StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> create_client_pdu(ModbusFunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                                                      uint16_t number_of_entities, const uint8_t *values = nullptr,
-                                                      size_t values_len = 0);
+PduBuffer create_client_pdu(FunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
+                            const uint8_t *values = nullptr, size_t values_len = 0);
 
-inline std::vector<uint16_t> float_to_payload(float value, SensorValueType value_type) {
+/** Create modbus write multiple registers command
+ *  Function 0x10 Write Multiple Registers
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the first register to write
+ * @param values register values to write; the register count is values.size() (at most
+ *               MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE, an over-long set is rejected and an empty PDU is returned).
+ *               Any contiguous uint16_t container converts (std::vector, std::array).
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+PduBuffer create_write_registers_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> values);
+
+/** Create modbus read/write multiple registers command
+ *  Function 0x17 Read/Write Multiple Registers
+ * Writes write_values then reads read_count registers in one transaction (write first, per Modbus 6.17);
+ * the response carries only the read registers.
+ * @param read_start_address modbus address of the first register to read back
+ * @param read_count number of registers to read (at most MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)
+ * @param write_start_address modbus address of the first register to write
+ * @param write_values register values to write; the register count is write_values.size() (at most
+ *               MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW). Any contiguous uint16_t container converts.
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC); an empty PDU on any out-of-range input
+ */
+PduBuffer create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(uint16_t read_start_address, uint16_t read_count,
+                                                   uint16_t write_start_address,
+                                                   std::span<const uint16_t> write_values);
+
+/** Create modbus write single register command
+ *  Function 0x06 Write Single Register
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the register to write
+ * @param value uint16_t value to write
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+WriteSinglePdu create_write_single_register_pdu(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t value);
+
+/** Create modbus write single coil command
+ *  Function 0x05 Write Single Coil
+ * @param address modbus address of the coil to write
+ * @param value coil value to write
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+WriteSinglePdu create_write_single_coil_pdu(uint16_t address, bool value);
+
+/** Create modbus write multiple coils command
+ *  Function 0x0F Write Multiple Coils
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the first coil to write
+ * @param values coil values to write; the coil count is values.size() (at most MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE, an
+ *               over-long set is rejected and an empty PDU is returned)
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const bool> values);
+
+/** Create modbus write multiple coils command (function 0x0F) from a std::vector<bool>.
+ * Prefer the span overload above whenever the coils are already in contiguous storage - a std::array<bool, N>
+ * or any other contiguous bool container converts to it. This overload exists only because std::vector<bool>
+ * is bit-packed and so cannot convert to a span; without it every caller holding one re-implements the packing.
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the first coil to write
+ * @param values coil values to write; the coil count is values.size() (at most MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE, an
+ *               over-long set is rejected and an empty PDU is returned)
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<bool> &values);
+
+/** Create modbus write multiple coils command (function 0x0F) from bits packed as on the wire.
+ * @param start_address modbus address of the first coil to write
+ * @param bits PackedBits view of the coils to write (at most MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE); invalid
+ *             input returns an empty PDU
+ * @return PDU (function code + data, no address, no CRC)
+ */
+PduBuffer create_write_coils_pdu(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits);
+
+/** Append a float converted to register words to any push_back container (heap-free with StaticVector).
+ * @param data container the register words are appended to
+ * @param value value to convert
+ * @param value_type  defines if 16/32/64 bits or FP32 is used
+ */
+template<typename Container> void float_to_payload(Container &data, float value, SensorValueType value_type) {
   int64_t val;
 
   if (value_type_is_float(value_type)) {
@@ -324,8 +553,14 @@ inline std::vector<uint16_t> float_to_payload(float value, SensorValueType value
     val = llroundf(value);
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
   number_to_payload(data, val, value_type);
+}
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use the container overload of float_to_payload() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+inline std::vector<uint16_t> float_to_payload(float value, SensorValueType value_type) {
+  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  float_to_payload(data, value, value_type);
   return data;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a59eb91066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_client/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import modbus
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_COUNT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_ON_RESPONSE,
+    CONF_VALUE,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@exciton"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+# The modbus hub auto-loads this component to make the actions available. Without this, that auto-load
+# would try to create a device with no address.
+MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT = True
+
+CONF_ON_CUSTOM_RESPONSE = "on_custom_response"
+CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE = "on_no_response"
+CONF_ON_NOT_SENT = "on_not_sent"
+CONF_ON_SENT = "on_sent"
+CONF_PDU = "pdu"
+CONF_READ_ADDRESS = "read_address"
+CONF_READ_COUNT = "read_count"
+CONF_RETRY = "retry"
+CONF_START_ADDRESS = "start_address"
+CONF_VALUES = "values"
+CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS = "write_address"
+
+modbus_client_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus_client")
+ModbusClientSendAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ModbusClientSendAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+ReadRegistersAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ReadRegistersAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+WriteSingleRegisterAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteSingleRegisterAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+WriteSingleCoilAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteSingleCoilAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+ReadBitsAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ReadBitsAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+
+WriteMultipleRegistersAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteMultipleRegistersAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+WriteMultipleCoilsAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "WriteMultipleCoilsAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction = modbus_client_ns.class_(
+    "ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction", automation.Action, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
+)
+
+# Packed bit view delivered to read_coils / read_discrete_inputs on_response handlers.
+PackedBits = modbus.modbus_ns.class_("PackedBits")
+
+# The exception code passed to on_error handlers.
+ExceptionCode = modbus.modbus_ns.enum("ExceptionCode")
+
+# Lambda argument types for the reply handlers: the device address the send targeted, and the
+# request/response PDUs (function code + data). The spans are only valid for the duration of the handler.
+_PDU_SPAN = cg.std_span.template(cg.uint8.operator("const"))
+
+# The pdu lambda's return type: a stack-allocated StaticVector capped at the Modbus PDU limit
+# (modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE). Lambdas can return a byte list or a modbus::helpers::create_*_pdu() result.
+# The list form below is bounded by cv.Length; a lambda cannot be. PduBuffer drops bytes past
+# modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE without reporting it, so an over-long lambda PDU is silently truncated.
+_PDU_BUFFER = modbus.modbus_ns.namespace("helpers").class_("PduBuffer")
+
+# A bare modbus::ModbusClientDevice bound to a hub and a device address, and nothing else - no polling,
+# no entities, no automation wiring. It exists so a lambda can talk to a device directly:
+#
+#   modbus_client:
+#     - id: my_client
+#       address: 0x01
+#
+#   - lambda: "id(my_client).write_single_register(0x10, 42);"
+#
+# Nothing here overrides the device callbacks, so every outcome takes the base class default, and those
+# are no-ops: a successful reply, a Modbus exception, a timeout, and a frame that never reached the wire
+# are all discarded without a log. The single exception is a reply the dispatch gate treats as
+# non-standard, which warns once per device and logs at VERBOSE after that. So a lambda gets no feedback
+# on an ordinary failure - use the modbus_client.* actions whenever the outcome matters, since they carry
+# on_response/on_error/on_no_response/on_not_sent handlers.
+# The id is required, not generated: the device is reachable only through id() in a lambda, so an
+# entry without one builds something nothing can name. Better to say so than to accept dead config.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(modbus.ModbusClientDevice),
+    }
+).extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(None))
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
+
+
+def _packed_bit_bytes(bits: int) -> int:
+    """Mirrors modbus::packed_bit_bytes(): bytes needed to hold this many coils on the wire."""
+    return (bits + 7) // 8
+
+
+def _synchronous_handler(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject deferring actions in a handler: its PDU spans point into hub buffers that are reused
+    once the handler returns, and DelayAction and friends capture the trigger args for later replay."""
+    if automation.has_non_synchronous_actions(value):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Deferring actions (delay, wait_until, script.wait, ...) are not allowed in modbus_client "
+            "handlers: the request/response data is only valid while the handler runs. Copy what you "
+            "need into globals first, then defer in a separate script or automation."
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _handler_schema() -> cv.All:
+    return cv.All(automation.validate_automation(single=True), _synchronous_handler)
+
+
+# Each action is its own hub device: the modbus hub routes the reply straight back to the action that
+# sent it, so the address can even be templatable - the reply is matched by the action's identity, not
+# its address.
+_ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(modbus.CONF_MODBUS_ID): cv.use_id(modbus.ModbusClient),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+        # Optional handlers. on_sent fires when the frame reaches the wire; the reply handlers arrive
+        # later (fire-and-continue), so all run with the request/reply available - not the outer
+        # automation's variables.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SENT): _handler_schema(),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ERROR): _handler_schema(),
+        # on_no_response takes either a returning lambda (`!lambda "return <bool>;"`, gets `request`,
+        # returns true to have the hub retry the frame) OR a `then:` automation of actions; the automation
+        # form may also carry an optional `retry:` returning lambda to run actions AND decide the retry.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE): cv.All(
+            cv.Any(
+                cv.returning_lambda,
+                automation.validate_automation(
+                    {cv.Optional(CONF_RETRY): cv.returning_lambda}, single=True
+                ),
+            ),
+            _synchronous_handler,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_NOT_SENT): _handler_schema(),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _no_continuous_on_write(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Reject `continuous: true` on a static write PDU: continuous polling only applies to reads.
+    Only the fully-static case is decidable here; the hub strips the flag from mutating PDUs at
+    runtime, so a templated pdu or continuous falls through to that backstop."""
+    pdu = config[CONF_PDU]
+    if (
+        isinstance(pdu, list)
+        and config.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS) is True
+        and modbus.is_function_code_write(pdu[0])
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_CONTINUOUS}: true' does not apply to a write PDU (function code "
+            f"0x{pdu[0]:02X}); continuous polling only applies to reads",
+            path=[CONF_CONTINUOUS],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_PDU): cv.templatable(
+                cv.All(
+                    cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+                    cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE),
+                )
+            ),
+            **modbus.command_options_schema(direction="read", templatable=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
+        }
+    ),
+    _no_continuous_on_write,
+)
+
+
+async def register_client_action(
+    var: cg.MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+    response_args: TemplateArgsType,
+    command_direction: str = "read",
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    """Wire the shared action plumbing: hub parent, templated device address, outcome triggers.
+
+    response_args are the on_response handler's arguments, which differ per action.
+    """
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[modbus.CONF_MODBUS_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_target_address(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint8)
+        )
+    )
+    # Present for every typed action and absent from modbus_client.send, which has a pdu instead.
+    if (start_address := config.get(CONF_START_ADDRESS)) is not None:
+        cg.add(
+            var.set_start_address(await cg.templatable(start_address, args, cg.uint16))
+        )
+    if sent_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_SENT):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_sent_trigger(), [(_PDU_SPAN, "request")], sent_conf
+        )
+    if response_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_RESPONSE):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_response_trigger(), response_args, response_conf
+        )
+    if custom_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_CUSTOM_RESPONSE):
+        # Tell the action a handler exists; without this it falls back to the base's warn-once log so an
+        # unhandled diverted reply is still reported instead of firing an empty trigger.
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_response_handled())
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_custom_response_trigger(),
+            [(_PDU_SPAN, "request"), (_PDU_SPAN, "response")],
+            custom_conf,
+        )
+    if error_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_error_trigger(),
+            [(_PDU_SPAN, "request"), (ExceptionCode, "exception_code")],
+            error_conf,
+        )
+    if (no_response_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE)) is not None:
+        # The lambda form IS the retry decision; the automation form runs actions and may carry a nested
+        # `retry:` lambda. Either way the retry lambda's bool becomes on_no_response()'s return value.
+        if isinstance(no_response_conf, Lambda):
+            retry_conf = no_response_conf
+        else:
+            await automation.build_automation(
+                var.get_no_response_trigger(),
+                [(_PDU_SPAN, "request")],
+                no_response_conf,
+            )
+            retry_conf = no_response_conf.get(CONF_RETRY)
+        if retry_conf is not None:
+            retry_lambda = await cg.process_lambda(
+                retry_conf, [(_PDU_SPAN, "request")], return_type=cg.bool_
+            )
+            cg.add(var.set_retry(retry_lambda))
+    if not_sent_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_NOT_SENT):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_not_sent_trigger(), [(_PDU_SPAN, "request")], not_sent_conf
+        )
+    # Wire any command options the action's schema opted into (e.g. continuous on reads). Pass the
+    # matching direction so a write action never generates a read option's setter; the write side
+    # has no options yet, so this is a no-op there.
+    await modbus.register_templatable_command_options(
+        var, config, args, command_direction
+    )
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.send",
+    ModbusClientSendAction,
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def modbus_client_send_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_PDU], args, _PDU_BUFFER)
+    cg.add(var.set_pdu(template_))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var,
+        config,
+        args,
+        [(_PDU_SPAN, "request"), (_PDU_SPAN, "response")],
+    )
+
+
+# --- Typed actions: request PDUs come from the device base's typed senders, replies from its dispatch,
+# --- so on_response delivers decoded arguments (host-order words) instead of raw PDU spans.
+
+_REGISTER_SPAN = cg.std_span.template(cg.uint16.operator("const"))
+
+# The reply-handler pair every typed-dispatch action reports through. Kept in one place so the
+# read/write-multiple schema (which cannot require start_address) shares it instead of drifting.
+# Both use _handler_schema(): the decoded arguments (values span, bits view) point at buffers the hub
+# reuses once the handler returns, so a deferring action would resume on freed memory. A reply the
+# dispatch gate diverts (not a standard-conformant transaction) arrives at on_custom_response with the
+# raw request/response PDUs; real device exceptions still arrive via on_error.
+_REPLY_HANDLERS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CUSTOM_RESPONSE): _handler_schema(),
+    }
+)
+
+# Every typed action addresses a register or coil range and reports through the shared reply handlers.
+_TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA = _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(_REPLY_HANDLERS_SCHEMA).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_START_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _no_address_overflow(
+    count_key: str, address_key: str = CONF_START_ADDRESS
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Reject a range that runs past the 16-bit address space, which the device could never answer.
+
+    Only literal configurations can be checked: either operand may be a lambda, and its value is not known
+    until play(). The PDU builders repeat this check at runtime, so the lambda case is still rejected and
+    logged - just later.
+    """
+
+    def validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        start = config[address_key]
+        count = config[count_key]
+        if isinstance(start, Lambda) or isinstance(count, Lambda):
+            return config
+        # A count key holds a number; a values key holds the list whose length is the count.
+        length = count if isinstance(count, int) else len(count)
+        if start + length > 0x10000:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{address_key} 0x{start:04X} plus {length} entities runs past the end of the "
+                f"16-bit address space (last addressable entity is 0xFFFF)",
+                path=[address_key],
+            )
+        return config
+
+    return validate
+
+
+def _read_schema(max_count: int) -> cv.All:
+    """Read action schema. The spec sets the read ceiling per function code, so each one passes its own."""
+    return cv.All(
+        _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_COUNT, default=1): cv.templatable(
+                    cv.int_range(min=1, max=max_count)
+                ),
+                **modbus.command_options_schema(direction="read", templatable=True),
+            }
+        ),
+        _no_address_overflow(CONF_COUNT),
+    )
+
+
+def _write_multiple_schema(item: Callable[[Any], Any], max_values: int) -> cv.All:
+    """Multi-write action schema, differing only in the element type and the spec's per-function limit."""
+    return cv.All(
+        _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_VALUES): cv.templatable(
+                    cv.All(cv.ensure_list(item), cv.Length(min=1, max=max_values))
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+        _no_address_overflow(CONF_VALUES),
+    )
+
+
+_READ_REGISTERS_SCHEMA = _read_schema(modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)
+
+_WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER_SCHEMA = _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t)}
+)
+
+# A coil is one bit, so the value is a boolean - the wire only carries 0x0000 or 0xFF00.
+_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL_SCHEMA = _TYPED_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.boolean)}
+)
+
+
+async def _read_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, holding):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, holding)
+    cg.add(var.set_count(await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COUNT], args, cg.uint16)))
+    return await register_client_action(var, config, args, [(_REGISTER_SPAN, "values")])
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_holding_registers",
+    ReadRegistersAction,
+    _READ_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_holding_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, True)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_input_registers",
+    ReadRegistersAction,
+    _READ_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_input_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, False)
+
+
+async def _write_single_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, value_type):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    cg.add(var.set_value(await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, value_type)))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var, config, args, [], command_direction="write"
+    )
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_single_register",
+    WriteSingleRegisterAction,
+    _WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_single_register_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _write_single_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, cg.uint16)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_single_coil",
+    WriteSingleCoilAction,
+    _WRITE_SINGLE_COIL_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_single_coil_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _write_single_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, cg.bool_)
+
+
+_READ_COILS_SCHEMA = _read_schema(modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ)
+_READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS_SCHEMA = _read_schema(modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ)
+
+
+async def _read_bits_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, coils):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, coils)
+    cg.add(var.set_count(await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COUNT], args, cg.uint16)))
+    return await register_client_action(var, config, args, [(PackedBits, "bits")])
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_coils",
+    ReadBitsAction,
+    _READ_COILS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_coils_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_bits_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, True)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_discrete_inputs",
+    ReadBitsAction,
+    _READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_discrete_inputs_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    return await _read_bits_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args, False)
+
+
+_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA = _write_multiple_schema(
+    cv.hex_uint16_t, modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE
+)
+
+_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS_SCHEMA = _write_multiple_schema(
+    cv.boolean, modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_multiple_registers",
+    WriteMultipleRegistersAction,
+    _WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_multiple_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    values = config[CONF_VALUES]
+    if cg.is_template(values):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(values, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # A static list goes to flash, so play() sends straight from there without allocating.
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_values", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*values))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_static(arr, len(values)))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var, config, args, [], command_direction="write"
+    )
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.write_multiple_coils",
+    WriteMultipleCoilsAction,
+    _WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def write_multiple_coils_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    values = config[CONF_VALUES]
+    if cg.is_template(values):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(values, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.bool_))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # Pack to wire layout (LSB first) here, so the runtime neither allocates nor packs.
+        packed = bytearray(_packed_bit_bytes(len(values)))
+        for i, coil in enumerate(values):
+            if coil:
+                packed[i // 8] |= 1 << (i % 8)
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_values", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*packed))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_static(arr, len(values)))
+    return await register_client_action(
+        var, config, args, [], command_direction="write"
+    )
+
+
+# Read/write multiple registers (FC 0x17) writes one register block and reads another in a single
+# transaction, so it has two address ranges and uses read_address/write_address instead of start_address.
+# Note the two meanings of `values`: here it is the block being WRITTEN, while in on_response the lambda
+# argument `values` is the block that was READ BACK (host-order words, the same shape as
+# read_holding_registers, so a caller can feed it through the same handler).
+_READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    _ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(_REPLY_HANDLERS_SCHEMA).extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_READ_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_READ_COUNT, default=1): cv.templatable(
+                cv.int_range(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ)
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS): cv.templatable(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+            cv.Required(CONF_VALUES): cv.templatable(
+                cv.All(
+                    cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint16_t),
+                    cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW),
+                )
+            ),
+        }
+    ),
+    _no_address_overflow(CONF_READ_COUNT, CONF_READ_ADDRESS),
+    _no_address_overflow(CONF_VALUES, CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS),
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers",
+    ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction,
+    _READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def read_write_multiple_registers_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_read_address(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_READ_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint16)
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_read_count(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_READ_COUNT], args, cg.uint16)
+        )
+    )
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_write_address(
+            await cg.templatable(config[CONF_WRITE_ADDRESS], args, cg.uint16)
+        )
+    )
+    values = config[CONF_VALUES]
+    if cg.is_template(values):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(values, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # A static list goes to flash, so play() sends straight from there without allocating.
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_values", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*values))
+        cg.add(var.set_values_static(arr, len(values)))
+    return await register_client_action(var, config, args, [(_REGISTER_SPAN, "values")])
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h b/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03744239a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_client/modbus_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::modbus_client {
+
+/// Shared base for the modbus_client actions. Each ACTION INSTANCE is its own modbus::ModbusClientDevice:
+/// the hub routes every reply (or its lack) straight back to the action that sent it, so there is no
+/// central client object and no request matching. The device address is templatable; it is stamped on the
+/// device at play() time; the hub routes each reply by device pointer, so a changed address never
+/// mis-routes an earlier reply. (The address is not passed to the reply triggers - under overlapping
+/// sends it could misreport, and the handler can recompute the expression it configured.)
+template<typename... Ts> class ClientActionBase : public Action<Ts...>, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, target_address)  // the modbus device address
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> *get_sent_trigger() { return &this->sent_trigger_; }
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, modbus::ExceptionCode> *get_error_trigger() { return &this->error_trigger_; }
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> *get_no_response_trigger() { return &this->no_response_trigger_; }
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> *get_not_sent_trigger() { return &this->not_sent_trigger_; }
+
+  /// The retry decision for on_no_response: given the request PDU, return true to have the hub re-queue
+  /// the frame. Set from the lambda form or a then: automation's nested retry lambda; may coexist with
+  /// the no_response trigger (actions run, then this decides the retry).
+  using retry_func_t = bool (*)(std::span<const uint8_t>);
+  void set_retry(retry_func_t f) { this->retry_func_ = f; }
+
+  /// The frame was written to the wire: fires once per transmission, before any reply, and never for a
+  /// send that ended in on_not_sent. request_pdu is the PDU sent (function code + data).
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu); }
+  /// Never reached the wire, from either of two sources. The hub calls this for a request it accepted
+  /// and then dropped, which happens only when clear_tx_queue_for_address() retires it - a modbus
+  /// device going offline, say. Everything the hub refuses at the door instead returns false from
+  /// queue_pdu() with no callback at all, so send_or_resolve_() below turns those into this same
+  /// callback: a full queue, a duplicate write, or an empty PDU from a rejecting builder.
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->not_sent_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu); }
+  /// A Modbus exception reply. Lives here beside its trigger so every action subclass gets the pairing:
+  /// register_client_action() wires on_error for all of them, so a derived class must not have to
+  /// remember the override.
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) override {
+    this->error_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu, exception_code);
+  }
+  /// No reply within send_wait_time. Run the on_no_response actions (empty in the pure-lambda form),
+  /// then let the retry lambda, if set, decide whether the hub re-queues the frame (true = retry). The
+  /// two coexist: a then: automation can also carry a retry lambda. No lambda = no retry.
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu);
+    if (this->retry_func_ != nullptr)
+      return this->retry_func_(request_pdu);
+    return false;
+  }
+  /// Stamp the templated device address before every play(): subclasses cannot forget it, and the hub
+  /// routes each reply by device pointer, so a changed address never mis-routes earlier replies.
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->set_address(this->target_address_.value(x...));
+    Action<Ts...>::play_complex(x...);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  /// The hub refuses some sends at the door with no callback (a duplicate write already pending, a full
+  /// queue, or an empty PDU - which is how the create_*_pdu() builders reject out-of-spec input). Every
+  /// send still gets exactly one outcome (a broadcast (address 0) is the exception - never answered, it
+  /// resolves through on_sent() alone), so resolve refusals here via on_not_sent.
+  /// Takes a span, not a PduBuffer: the builders return right-sized buffers (a read PDU is 5 bytes), and
+  /// a PduBuffer parameter would widen each one to the 253-byte maximum just to cross the call.
+  void send_or_resolve_(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, modbus::CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    if (!this->queue_pdu(pdu, options))
+      this->on_not_sent(pdu);
+  }
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> sent_trigger_;
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, modbus::ExceptionCode> error_trigger_;
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> no_response_trigger_;
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>> not_sent_trigger_;
+  retry_func_t retry_func_{nullptr};
+};
+
+/// The read-side per-command options (modbus::CommandOptions), declared once for every action that
+/// sends a read. Each option is templatable, so it cannot be built in Python the way modbus_controller
+/// builds its static struct; declaring the values here instead of per action means a new read option
+/// costs one TEMPLATABLE_VALUE plus one field below, and every read action picks it up.
+/// The read/write split mirrors _COMMAND_OPTIONS in the modbus component's Python
+/// (command_options_schema(direction="read") adds exactly these keys). When a write-side option
+/// arrives it gets a WriteCommandOptions twin, so write actions never carry read-only members.
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadCommandOptions {
+ public:
+  // Poll: re-queue after each success until downgraded (replay with false) or failed. The hub strips
+  // it for mutating function codes at the door (see modbus::CommandOptions).
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
+
+ protected:
+  /// The options for this send, with every templatable value resolved against the action's arguments.
+  modbus::CommandOptions command_options_(const Ts &...x) const {
+    return {.continuous = this->continuous_.value(x...)};
+  }
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.send: fire a raw PDU (function code + data; the hub adds address and CRC). The reply is
+/// delivered raw - on_response(request, response) - deliberately bypassing the typed dispatch, so
+/// non-standard/custom transactions pass through untouched.
+/// The PDU is a stack-allocated modbus::helpers::PduBuffer, so a pdu lambda can build one with the
+/// modbus::helpers::create_*_pdu() builders and return it directly (smaller builder results convert).
+/// A PduBuffer drops bytes past modbus::MAX_PDU_SIZE without reporting it (the hub's oversize check
+/// cannot fire - that limit is the capacity), so an over-long lambda-built PDU is silently truncated.
+template<typename... Ts>
+class ModbusClientSendAction : public ClientActionBase<Ts...>, public ReadCommandOptions<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(modbus::helpers::PduBuffer, pdu)
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> *get_response_trigger() {
+    return &this->response_trigger_;
+  }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->send_or_resolve_(this->pdu_.value(x...), this->command_options_(x...)); }
+
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->response_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu, response_pdu);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> response_trigger_;
+};
+
+/// Typed actions: these do NOT override the raw on_response, so the base ModbusClientDevice default runs
+/// the shared dispatch (validation gate + decode) and the typed callbacks below fire directly on the
+/// action. A reply the gate diverts (not a standard-conformant transaction) fires the on_custom_response
+/// trigger with the raw request/response PDUs, so non-standard replies stay handleable; the spans are only
+/// valid for the duration of the trigger. (For a typed-built request the gate can only divert on the
+/// response, never with an exception status - real device exceptions arrive via on_error, which
+/// ClientActionBase already routes straight to its trigger, so the typed callbacks below only ever see a
+/// success status.) Each typed callback still checks succeeded() before firing its trigger: that branch
+/// is unreachable today, and is kept so a future change to that interception cannot silently deliver an
+/// exception as a successful reply.
+template<typename... Ts> class TypedClientActionBase : public ClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> *get_custom_response_trigger() {
+    return &this->custom_response_trigger_;
+  }
+  /// Set by codegen when the config declares on_custom_response. Without it an unhandled diverted reply
+  /// would fire an empty trigger and vanish, so the base's warn-once diagnostic has to stay reachable.
+  void set_custom_response_handled() { this->custom_response_handled_ = true; }
+
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (!this->custom_response_handled_) {
+      modbus::ModbusClientDevice::on_custom_response(request_pdu, response_pdu, status);
+      return;
+    }
+    this->custom_response_trigger_.trigger(request_pdu, response_pdu);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint8_t>, std::span<const uint8_t>> custom_response_trigger_;
+  bool custom_response_handled_{false};
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.read_holding_registers / read_input_registers: on_response delivers the registers in
+/// host byte order as `values` (only valid for the duration of the trigger).
+template<typename... Ts>
+class ReadRegistersAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...>, public ReadCommandOptions<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit ReadRegistersAction(bool holding) : holding_(holding) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, count)
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const auto function_code =
+        this->holding_ ? modbus::FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS : modbus::FunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS;
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_read_pdu(function_code, this->start_address_.value(x...), this->count_.value(x...)),
+        this->command_options_(x...));
+  }
+  void on_read_registers(modbus::EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                         modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger(registers);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> response_trigger_;
+  bool holding_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.read_coils / read_discrete_inputs: on_response delivers the bits as a PackedBits view
+/// (bit 0 = the bit at start_address; only valid for the duration of the trigger).
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadBitsAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...>, public ReadCommandOptions<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit ReadBitsAction(bool coils) : coils_(coils) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, count)
+
+  Trigger<modbus::PackedBits> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const auto function_code =
+        this->coils_ ? modbus::FunctionCode::READ_COILS : modbus::FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS;
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_read_pdu(function_code, this->start_address_.value(x...), this->count_.value(x...)),
+        this->command_options_(x...));
+  }
+  void on_read_bits(modbus::EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits,
+                    modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger(bits);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<modbus::PackedBits> response_trigger_;
+  bool coils_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_single_register: on_response is the acknowledgement (the ack only echoes the
+/// request, so it carries no arguments).
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteSingleRegisterAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, value)
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_write_single_register_pdu(this->start_address_.value(x...), this->value_.value(x...)));
+  }
+  void on_write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value, modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_single_coil: on_response is the acknowledgement (no arguments). A coil holds one
+/// bit, so the value is a bool - the wire only ever carries 0x0000 or 0xFF00.
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteSingleCoilAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, value)
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->send_or_resolve_(
+        modbus::helpers::create_write_single_coil_pdu(this->start_address_.value(x...), this->value_.value(x...)));
+  }
+  void on_write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value, modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_multiple_registers: on_response is the acknowledgement (no arguments).
+/// A `values:` list is emitted as a flash array and sent straight from there; only a lambda builds a
+/// vector, and only when it runs. Same split as canbus's send action, and for the same reason: a static
+/// list must not allocate on every play().
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteMultipleRegistersAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+
+  /// Static config: the registers live in flash, so play() neither allocates nor copies.
+  void set_values_static(const uint16_t *values, size_t len) {
+    this->values_.data = values;
+    this->len_ = static_cast<ssize_t>(len);
+  }
+  /// Lambda config: the registers are only known at play() time. Stateless lambdas (all ESPHome
+  /// generates) convert to a plain function pointer, so this stays pointer-sized.
+  void set_values_template(std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->values_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // sentinel: template mode
+  }
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const uint16_t start = this->start_address_.value(x...);
+    // An empty or over-long set rejects into an empty PDU inside the builder, which logs the reason;
+    // the empty PDU then resolves via on_not_sent like any refused send.
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(
+          start, std::span<const uint16_t>(this->values_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_))));
+      return;
+    }
+    const std::vector<uint16_t> values = this->values_.func(x...);
+    this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_registers_pdu(start, std::span<const uint16_t>(values)));
+  }
+  void on_write_multiple_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                   modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >= 0 = static mode with this many registers
+  union Values {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...);
+    const uint16_t *data;
+  } values_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.write_multiple_coils: on_response is the acknowledgement (no arguments).
+/// A `values:` list is packed into wire layout at code-generation time and stored in flash, so play()
+/// neither allocates nor packs. A lambda returns std::vector<bool> - already a bit per coil rather than
+/// a byte - and is packed into a stack buffer on the way to the builder.
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteMultipleCoilsAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, start_address)
+
+  /// Static config: `packed` is the wire layout (LSB first) held in flash, `count` the number of coils.
+  void set_values_static(const uint8_t *packed, size_t count) {
+    this->values_.packed = packed;
+    this->count_ = static_cast<ssize_t>(count);
+  }
+  /// Lambda config: the coils are only known at play() time.
+  void set_values_template(std::vector<bool> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->values_.func = func;
+    this->count_ = -1;  // sentinel: template mode
+  }
+
+  Trigger<> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const uint16_t start = this->start_address_.value(x...);
+    if (this->count_ >= 0) {
+      const auto count = static_cast<uint16_t>(this->count_);
+      this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(
+          start,
+          modbus::PackedBits(std::span<const uint8_t>(this->values_.packed, modbus::packed_bit_bytes(count)), count)));
+      return;
+    }
+    // The builder packs and bound-checks; an over-long set is rejected and logged there.
+    this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_write_coils_pdu(start, this->values_.func(x...)));
+  }
+  void on_write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits,
+                               modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<> response_trigger_;
+  ssize_t count_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >= 0 = static mode with this many coils
+  union Values {
+    std::vector<bool> (*func)(Ts...);
+    const uint8_t *packed;
+  } values_;
+};
+
+/// modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers (FC 0x17): writes one register block and reads another back in
+/// one transaction (write first, per Modbus 6.17). on_response delivers the read-back words as `values`.
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadWriteMultipleRegistersAction : public TypedClientActionBase<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, read_address)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, read_count)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, write_address)
+
+  /// Static config: the write registers live in flash, so play() neither allocates nor copies.
+  void set_values_static(const uint16_t *values, size_t len) {
+    this->values_.data = values;
+    this->len_ = static_cast<ssize_t>(len);
+  }
+  /// Lambda config: the write registers are only known at play() time.
+  void set_values_template(std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->values_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // sentinel: template mode
+  }
+
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> *get_response_trigger() { return &this->response_trigger_; }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    const uint16_t read_start = this->read_address_.value(x...);
+    const uint16_t read_count = this->read_count_.value(x...);
+    const uint16_t write_start = this->write_address_.value(x...);
+    // An out-of-range read/write count builds an empty PDU (the builder logs why), resolving via on_not_sent.
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(
+          read_start, read_count, write_start,
+          std::span<const uint16_t>(this->values_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_))));
+      return;
+    }
+    const std::vector<uint16_t> values = this->values_.func(x...);
+    this->send_or_resolve_(modbus::helpers::create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(
+        read_start, read_count, write_start, std::span<const uint16_t>(values)));
+  }
+  // The 0x17 response carries only the read block, so the hub dispatch delivers it as a holding-register read.
+  void on_read_registers(modbus::EntityType entity_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                         modbus::ResponseStatus status) override {
+    if (modbus::succeeded(status))
+      this->response_trigger_.trigger(registers);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Trigger<std::span<const uint16_t>> response_trigger_;
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >= 0 = static mode with this many write registers
+  union Values {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> (*func)(Ts...);
+    const uint16_t *data;
+  } values_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus_client
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
index cdbba54c1f..e87eccb32c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import binascii
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -6,11 +8,20 @@ from esphome.components import modbus
 from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
     MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE,
     TYPE_REGISTER_MAP,
-    ModbusRegisterType,
+    EntityType,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_NAME, CONF_OFFSET
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_LAMBDA,
+    CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_OFFSET,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import logging
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
@@ -19,6 +30,7 @@ from .const import (
     CONF_BYTE_OFFSET,
     CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE,
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
@@ -41,28 +53,86 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus"]
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
+DOMAIN = "modbus_controller"
+
 modbus_controller_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus_controller")
-ModbusController = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
-    "ModbusController", cg.PollingComponent, modbus.ModbusClientDevice
-)
+ModbusController = modbus_controller_ns.class_("ModbusController", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 SensorItem = modbus_controller_ns.struct("SensorItem")
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+
+@dataclass
+class ModbusControllerData:
+    # Set once the deprecated 'skip_updates' warning has been emitted so we warn only once total.
+    skip_updates_warned: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_data() -> ModbusControllerData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = ModbusControllerData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.2.0
+_REMOVED_OPTIONS = {
+    CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE: "Command spacing is handled by the 'modbus' component - use 'turnaround_time' there instead.",
+    CONF_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_COMMANDS: "Polling commands are deduplicated by the modbus hub; one-shot commands (writes) are always transmitted.",
+}
+
+
+def _warn_removed_options(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Warn about options that no longer do anything, but let the config compile."""
+    for option, replacement in _REMOVED_OPTIONS.items():
+        if option in config:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "[modbus_controller] '%s' no longer has any effect and will be removed in 2027.2.0. %s",
+                option,
+                replacement,
+            )
+    return config
+
+
+def _reject_broadcast_address(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """A modbus_controller polls one device, so its address cannot be the broadcast address (0):
+    a broadcast is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so no register could ever read back."""
+    modbus.reject_broadcast_address(
+        config.get(CONF_ADDRESS),
+        "a modbus_controller device address",
+        "Assign the unit address of the device you want to poll.",
+        [CONF_ADDRESS],
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.3.0. skip_updates (a per-sensor option) no longer does anything: every range is
+# polled each update_interval. The key is still accepted so existing configs keep working, with a warning.
+def validate_skip_updates_deprecated(value: Any) -> int:
+    data = _get_data()
+    if not data.skip_updates_warned:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[modbus_controller] 'skip_updates' no longer has any effect and will be removed in 2027.3.0. "
+            "To poll some registers less often, add a second modbus_controller with the same address and a "
+            "slower update_interval, and attach the slow sensors to it."
+        )
+        data.skip_updates_warned = True
+    return cv.positive_int(value)
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusController),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_COMMANDS, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE, default="0ms"
-            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            # Removed options: accepted (and ignored) until 2027.2.0 so existing configs keep building.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_COMMANDS): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_SERVER_COURTESY_RESPONSE): cv.invalid(
                 "This option has been removed. Use modbus_server component instead: https://esphome.io/components/modbus_server/"
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES, default=4): cv.positive_int,
             cv.Optional(CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+            **modbus.command_options_schema(direction="read"),
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_SERVER_REGISTERS,
             ): cv.invalid(
@@ -74,14 +144,34 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01))
+    .extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01)),
+    _warn_removed_options,
+    _reject_broadcast_address,
 )
 
 ModbusItemBaseSchema = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID): cv.use_id(ModbusController),
         cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+        cv.Exclusive(
+            CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
+            "custom_source",
+            f"{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU} and {CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND} can't be used together",
+        ): cv.All(
+            cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+            cv.Length(min=1, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE),
+        ),
+        # Deprecated: takes a raw frame with a leading device address byte. Auto-migrated to
+        # custom_pdu in migrate_custom_command (final validate). Remove before 2027.3.0. The upper
+        # bound is MAX_PDU_SIZE + 1: the extra byte is the address the migration strips.
+        cv.Exclusive(
+            CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+            "custom_source",
+            f"{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU} and {CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND} can't be used together",
+        ): cv.All(
+            cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t),
+            cv.Length(min=2, max=modbus.MAX_PDU_SIZE + 1),
+        ),
         cv.Exclusive(
             CONF_OFFSET,
             "offset",
@@ -93,7 +183,7 @@ ModbusItemBaseSchema = cv.Schema(
             f"{CONF_OFFSET} and {CONF_BYTE_OFFSET} can't be used together",
         ): cv.positive_int,
         cv.Optional(CONF_BITMASK, default=0xFFFFFFFF): cv.hex_uint32_t,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES): validate_skip_updates_deprecated,
         cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(CONF_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
         cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE, default=0): cv.positive_int,
@@ -101,33 +191,94 @@ ModbusItemBaseSchema = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def validate_modbus_register(config):
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND not in config and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
+def validate_modbus_register(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # custom_command is the deprecated alias for custom_pdu (migrated later in final validate); treat
+    # either as "a custom frame is configured" so the address/register_type rules match.
+    has_custom = CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config or CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config
+    if not has_custom and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:' isn't used"
+            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:' isn't used"
         )
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE in config:
+    if has_custom and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"can't use '{CONF_REGISTER_TYPE}:' together with '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:'",
+            f"can't use '{CONF_REGISTER_TYPE}:' together with '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:'",
         )
 
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND not in config and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE not in config:
+    if not has_custom and CONF_REGISTER_TYPE not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f" {CONF_REGISTER_TYPE} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:' isn't used"
+            f" {CONF_REGISTER_TYPE} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:' isn't used"
         )
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_controller", role="client")(
-        config
+def migrate_custom_command(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Final-validate: auto-migrate the deprecated custom_command (raw frame incl. device address)
+    to custom_pdu (PDU only). custom_pdu is always sent to the controller's own address, so a frame
+    whose address byte does not match the controller's address is a hard error (it targeted a
+    different unit). Mutates config in place; final validate discards the return value."""
+    frame = config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND)
+    if frame is None:
+        return
+    fconf = fv.full_config.get()
+    path = fconf.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID])[:-1]
+    controller = fconf.get_config_for_path(path)
+    # the controller's DEVICE address (from modbus_device_schema)
+    address = controller[CONF_ADDRESS]
+    if frame[0] != address:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'custom_command' begins with device address {frame[0]:#04x}, but this sensor's "
+            f"modbus_controller uses address {address:#04x}. 'custom_command' is renamed to "
+            f"'custom_pdu', which is always sent to the controller's own address. Drop the leading "
+            f"address byte and use 'custom_pdu' if {address:#04x} is correct, or move this sensor to "
+            f"the modbus_controller for device {frame[0]:#04x}.",
+            [CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND],
+        )
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "[modbus_controller] 'custom_command' is deprecated and will be removed in 2027.3.0; "
+        "auto-migrated to 'custom_pdu' (dropped the leading device address byte). Rename the key "
+        "and drop that byte to silence this warning."
     )
+    config[CONF_CUSTOM_PDU] = list(frame[1:])
+    del config[CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND]
+
+
+def _reject_continuous_write_custom_pdu(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Final-validate: a custom_pdu whose function code writes (e.g. 0x17 read/write-multiple) cannot be
+    polled continuously - the hub ignores continuous for mutating codes and would warn on every update
+    while that range silently does not stream. Reject the combination instead. Runs after
+    migrate_custom_command, so it sees custom_pdu whether written directly or migrated from
+    custom_command."""
+    pdu = config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_PDU)
+    if pdu is None or not modbus.is_function_code_write(pdu[0]):
+        return
+    fconf = fv.full_config.get()
+    path = fconf.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID])[:-1]
+    controller = fconf.get_config_for_path(path)
+    if controller.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS) is True:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"a '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}' with a write function code (0x{pdu[0] & 0x7F:02X}) can't be polled "
+            f"continuously: the hub ignores 'continuous' for mutating codes. Remove 'continuous: true' "
+            f"from the '{controller[CONF_ID]}' modbus_controller, or use a read function code.",
+            [CONF_CUSTOM_PDU],
+        )
+
+
+def validate_custom_pdu_item(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Final-validate for the read platforms that accept custom_pdu (sensor, binary_sensor,
+    text_sensor): migrate the deprecated custom_command, then reject a write-coded custom_pdu under a
+    continuously-polling controller."""
+    migrate_custom_command(config)
+    _reject_continuous_write_custom_pdu(config)
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_controller", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-def modbus_calc_properties(config):
+def modbus_calc_properties(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, int]:
     byte_offset = 0
     reg_count = 0
     if CONF_OFFSET in config:
@@ -141,7 +292,7 @@ def modbus_calc_properties(config):
         value_type = config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
         if reg_count == 0:
             reg_count = TYPE_REGISTER_MAP[value_type]
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config:
+    if CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config:
         if CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
             # generate a unique modbus address using the hash of the name
             # CONF_NAME set even if only CONF_ID is used.
@@ -156,10 +307,14 @@ def modbus_calc_properties(config):
 
 
 async def add_modbus_base_properties(
-    var, config, sensor_type, lambda_param_type=cg.float_, lambda_return_type=float
-):
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_custom_data(config[CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND]))
+    var: cg.MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
+    sensor_type: cg.MockObjClass,
+    lambda_param_type: cg.MockObj = cg.float_,
+    lambda_return_type: Any = float,
+) -> None:
+    if CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_pdu(config[CONF_CUSTOM_PDU]))
 
     if config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE] > 0:
         cg.add(var.set_register_size(config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE]))
@@ -170,10 +325,7 @@ async def add_modbus_base_properties(
             [
                 (sensor_type.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                 (lambda_param_type, "x"),
-                (
-                    cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8).operator("const").operator("ref"),
-                    "data",
-                ),
+                (cg.std_span.template(cg.uint8.operator("const")), "data"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(lambda_return_type),
         )
@@ -199,31 +351,42 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    cg.add(var.set_allow_duplicate_commands(config[CONF_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_COMMANDS]))
-    cg.add(var.set_command_throttle(config[CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE]))
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Await the hub first, so no entity can bind to a controller that doesn't have one yet.
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[modbus.CONF_MODBUS_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], hub, config[CONF_ADDRESS])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_max_cmd_retries(config[CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES]))
     cg.add(var.set_offline_skip_updates(config[CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES]))
-    await register_modbus_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_read_options(
+            modbus.command_options_expression(config, direction="read")
+        )
+    )
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
 
-async def register_modbus_device(var, config):
+async def register_modbus_device(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    # Remove before 2027.3.0
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "'modbus_controller.register_modbus_device' is deprecated, use "
+        "'modbus.register_modbus_client_device' and set the address on your own "
+        "class instead. Will be removed in 2027.3.0"
+    )
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
 
 
-def function_code_to_register(function_code):
+def function_code_to_register(function_code: str) -> cg.MockObj:
     FUNCTION_CODE_TYPE_MAP = {
-        "read_coils": ModbusRegisterType.COIL,
-        "read_discrete_inputs": ModbusRegisterType.DISCRETE_INPUT,
-        "read_holding_registers": ModbusRegisterType.HOLDING,
-        "read_input_registers": ModbusRegisterType.READ,
-        "write_single_coil": ModbusRegisterType.COIL,
-        "write_single_register": ModbusRegisterType.HOLDING,
-        "write_multiple_coils": ModbusRegisterType.COIL,
-        "write_multiple_registers": ModbusRegisterType.HOLDING,
+        "read_coils": EntityType.COIL,
+        "read_discrete_inputs": EntityType.DISCRETE_INPUT,
+        "read_holding_registers": EntityType.HOLDING,
+        "read_input_registers": EntityType.INPUT_REGISTER,
+        "write_single_coil": EntityType.COIL,
+        "write_single_register": EntityType.HOLDING,
+        "write_multiple_coils": EntityType.COIL,
+        "write_multiple_registers": EntityType.HOLDING,
     }
     return FUNCTION_CODE_TYPE_MAP[function_code]
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 18d017e13f..366dab6062 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from .. import (
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 from ..const import (
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ from ..const import (
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
 )
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus_controller"]
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
     byte_offset, _ = modbus_calc_properties(config)
@@ -49,7 +51,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         byte_offset,
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
         config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.cpp
index 60c19bb66a..b0c927cf84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.cpp
@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@ static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.binary_sensor";
 
 void ModbusBinarySensor::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "Modbus Controller Binary Sensor", this); }
 
-void ModbusBinarySensor::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void ModbusBinarySensor::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   bool value;
+  // For coils/discrete inputs this is the bit index; for registers it is the byte offset.
+  const size_t offset = this->offset;
 
   switch (this->register_type) {
-    case ModbusRegisterType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
-    case ModbusRegisterType::COIL:
-      // offset for coil is the actual number of the coil not the byte offset
-      value = modbus::helpers::coil_from_vector(this->offset, data);
+    case modbus::EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
+    case modbus::EntityType::COIL:
+      value = modbus::helpers::bit_from_packed(offset, data);
       break;
     default:
-      value = modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, this->offset) & this->bitmask;
+      value = modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), offset) & this->bitmask;
       break;
   }
   // Is there a lambda registered
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h
index 98c6840e15..f5ddbd82cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/binary_sensor/modbus_binarysensor.h
@@ -4,35 +4,34 @@
 #include "esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusBinarySensor : public Component, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusBinarySensor final : public Component, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public SensorItem {
  public:
-  ModbusBinarySensor(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-                     uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+  ModbusBinarySensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
+                     bool force_new_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = offset;
+    this->set_address(start_address);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::BIT;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
 
-    if (register_type == ModbusRegisterType::COIL || register_type == ModbusRegisterType::DISCRETE_INPUT) {
+    if (modbus::helpers::is_entity_type_binary(register_type)) {
       this->register_count = offset + 1;
     } else {
       this->register_count = 1;
     }
   }
 
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
   void set_state(bool state) { this->state = state; }
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  using transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusBinarySensor *, bool, const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusBinarySensor *, bool, std::span<const uint8_t>);
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py
index 0149a3cc49..8412a651b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ CONF_BYTE_OFFSET = "byte_offset"
 CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE = "command_throttle"
 CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES = "offline_skip_updates"
 CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND = "custom_command"
+CONF_CUSTOM_PDU = "custom_pdu"
 CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE = "force_new_range"
 CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES = "max_cmd_retries"
 CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID = "modbus_controller_id"
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
index 9246239ef9..9d7b719e15 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
@@ -2,307 +2,421 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller";
 
-void ModbusController::setup() { this->create_register_ranges_(); }
+void ModbusController::setup() { this->create_polling_commands_(); }
 
-/*
- To work with the existing modbus class and avoid polling for responses a command queue is used.
- send_next_command will submit the command at the top of the queue and set the corresponding callback
- to handle the response from the device.
- Once the response has been processed it is removed from the queue and the next command is sent
-*/
-bool ModbusController::send_next_command_() {
-  uint32_t last_send = millis() - this->last_command_timestamp_;
-
-  if ((last_send > this->command_throttle_) && this->ready_for_immediate_send() && !this->command_queue_.empty()) {
-    auto &command = this->command_queue_.front();
-
-    // remove from queue if command was sent too often
-    if (!command->should_retry(this->max_cmd_retries_)) {
-      if (!this->module_offline_) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus device=%d set offline", this->address_);
-
-        if (this->offline_skip_updates_ > 0) {
-          // Update skip_updates_counter to stop flooding channel with timeouts
-          for (auto &r : this->register_ranges_) {
-            r.skip_updates_counter = this->offline_skip_updates_;
-          }
-        }
-
-        this->module_offline_ = true;
-        this->offline_callback_.call((int) command->function_code, command->register_address);
-      }
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Modbus command to device=%d register=0x%02X no response received - removed from send queue",
-               this->address_, command->register_address);
-      this->command_queue_.pop_front();
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending next modbus command to device %d register 0x%02X count %d", this->address_,
-               command->register_address, command->register_count);
-      command->send();
-
-      this->last_command_timestamp_ = millis();
-
-      this->command_sent_callback_.call((int) command->function_code, command->register_address);
-
-      // remove from queue if no handler is defined
-      if (!command->on_data_func) {
-        this->command_queue_.pop_front();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return (!this->command_queue_.empty());
+void WriterDevice::warn_write_buffer_deprecated(const LogString *platform, uint16_t address) {
+  if (this->write_buffer_deprecated_warned_)
+    return;
+  this->write_buffer_deprecated_warned_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+           "Modbus %s (address 0x%X): filling the write_lambda buffer parameter is deprecated; call a write helper / "
+           "queue_pdu() on the entity (item) instead. The buffer parameter is removed in 2027.3.0",
+           LOG_STR_ARG(platform), address);
 }
 
-// Queue incoming response
-void ModbusController::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  if (this->command_queue_.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received modbus data but command queue is empty");
-    return;
+bool WriterDevice::send_raw_frame_deprecated(std::span<const uint8_t> frame) {
+  if (frame.empty())
+    return false;
+  this->dispatched_ = true;
+  return this->parent_->queue_pdu(frame[0], frame.subspan(1), this);
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::set_controller(ModbusController *controller) {
+  this->controller_ = controller;
+  this->set_parent(controller->hub());
+  this->set_address(controller->device_address());
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::notify_online_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
+    this->controller_->set_online(true, fc_of(request_pdu), addr_of(request_pdu));
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  this->notify_online_(request_pdu);
+  this->dispatch_response_(request_pdu, response_pdu, std::nullopt);
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus error function code: 0x%X register 0x%X exception: %d", fc_of(request_pdu),
+           addr_of(request_pdu), static_cast<uint8_t>(exception_code));
+  this->notify_online_(request_pdu);  // an exception is still a legitimate reply -> device is online
+  this->dispatch_response_(request_pdu, {}, exception_code);
+}
+
+// Fired once per wire transmission (including hub re-queues from a retry), so the on_command_sent trigger
+// reflects when the frame actually went out, not when it was queued.
+void WriterDevice::on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
+    this->controller_->command_sent(fc_of(request_pdu), addr_of(request_pdu));
+}
+
+void WriterDevice::on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  // Only the offline teardown reaches this (a supersede retires silently), so the frame is genuinely
+  // lost; a dropped write was already published optimistically, so surface it.
+  if (modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(fc_of(request_pdu))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write not sent: function 0x%X register 0x%X", fc_of(request_pdu), addr_of(request_pdu));
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Request not sent: function 0x%X register 0x%X", fc_of(request_pdu), addr_of(request_pdu));
   }
-  auto &current_command = this->command_queue_.front();
-  if (current_command != nullptr) {
+}
+
+bool WriterDevice::on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  this->controller_->increment_non_response_count();
+  if (this->controller_->can_send())
+    return true;  // the hub re-queues the frame it is holding; on_sent fires again on the retry
+  this->controller_->set_online(false, fc_of(request_pdu), addr_of(request_pdu));
+  return false;
+}
+
+ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address,
+                                     RegisterRange &&range)
+    : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(parent, address),
+      sensors(std::move(range.sensors)),
+      register_type_(range.register_type),
+      start_address_(range.start_address),
+      register_count_(range.register_count),
+      function_code_(modbus::helpers::modbus_register_read_function(range.register_type)),
+      controller_(&controller) {}
+
+ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address,
+                                     SensorItem *sensor)
+    : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(parent, address),
+      start_address_(sensor->start_address),
+      register_count_(sensor->register_count),
+      custom_pdu_(&sensor->custom_pdu),
+      controller_(&controller) {
+  // The PDU's first byte is its real function code; carry it so dump_config, the on_command_sent
+  // trigger and the response callbacks report the actual code instead of CUSTOM.
+  if (!sensor->custom_pdu.empty())
+    this->function_code_ = static_cast<FunctionCode>(sensor->custom_pdu.data()[0]);
+  this->sensors.insert(sensor);
+}
+
+// The base deletes copy/move; command items re-provide construction. The moved-from device must not
+// unregister the hub slot we just took over, so its parent_ is cleared. The copy constructor exists
+// only for callers that pass an lvalue to queue_command() (in-tree callers move); remove it when
+// queue_command() is removed.
+ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(const ModbusCommandItem &other)
+    : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(other.parent_, other.address_),
+      sensors(other.sensors),
+      on_data_func(other.on_data_func),
+      register_type_(other.register_type_),
+      start_address_(other.start_address_),
+      register_count_(other.register_count_),
+      function_code_(other.function_code_),
+      custom_pdu_(other.custom_pdu_),
+      controller_(other.controller_) {
+  // SmallInlineBuffer is move-only, so deep-copy the bytes explicitly.
+  this->payload.set(other.payload.data(), other.payload.size());
+}
+
+ModbusCommandItem::ModbusCommandItem(ModbusCommandItem &&other) noexcept
+    : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(other.parent_, other.address_),
+      sensors(std::move(other.sensors)),
+      on_data_func(std::move(other.on_data_func)),
+      payload(std::move(other.payload)),
+      register_type_(other.register_type_),
+      start_address_(other.start_address_),
+      register_count_(other.register_count_),
+      function_code_(other.function_code_),
+      custom_pdu_(other.custom_pdu_),
+      controller_(other.controller_) {
+  other.parent_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+// A valid response: the device is online. Dispatch the payload to the handler or the range's sensors.
+void ModbusCommandItem::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
+    this->controller_->set_online(true, static_cast<int>(this->function_code_), this->start_address_);
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
+  if (this->on_data_func) {
+    this->on_data_func(this->register_type_, this->start_address_, data);
+  } else if (!this->sensors.empty()) {
+    // A polling command always has sensors; a factory/write command never does. Test this before the
+    // write-code branch so a custom_pdu whose function code is a write (e.g. 0x17, whose response
+    // carries read data) still reaches its sensor instead of being treated as a bare write ack.
+    for (auto *sensor : this->sensors)
+      sensor->parse_and_publish(data);
+  } else if (modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->function_code_))) {
+    // write acknowledgement - nothing to publish
+  }
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
+    this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
+}
+
+// An exception response is still a legitimate reply, so the device is considered online.
+void ModbusCommandItem::on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) {
+  const uint8_t function_code = request_pdu.empty() ? 0 : request_pdu[0];
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus error function code: 0x%X register 0x%X exception: %d", function_code, this->start_address_,
+           static_cast<uint8_t>(exception_code));
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr) {
+    this->controller_->set_online(true, function_code, this->start_address_);
+    this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
+  }
+}
+
+// Not being sent says nothing about online/offline status; just drop it from the pending list.
+void ModbusCommandItem::on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  // A dropped write is lost while the entity has already published optimistically, so surface it.
+  if (modbus::helpers::is_function_code_write(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->function_code_))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write not sent: function 0x%X register 0x%X", static_cast<uint8_t>(this->function_code_),
+             this->start_address_);
+  }
+  if (this->controller_ != nullptr)
+    this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
+}
+
+// Fired once per wire transmission (including hub re-queues from a retry), so the on_command_sent
+// trigger reflects when the frame actually went out, not when it was queued.
+void ModbusCommandItem::on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+  this->controller_->command_sent(static_cast<int>(this->function_code_), this->start_address_);
+  // A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so the hub delivers no terminal callback.
+  // on_sent is this command's only callback, so drop the one-shot from the queue here, or it would leak.
+  // Test the address the frame went to, not address_: a custom command's frame carries its own address
+  // (frame[0]), which may differ from this controller's. (unqueue_command() is a no-op for a poll.)
+  // A custom polling command sends its PDU to this controller's own address, so only a factory custom
+  // command (a raw frame staged in payload) can carry a different address byte.
+  uint8_t wire_address = this->address_;
+  if (this->function_code_ == FunctionCode::CUSTOM && !this->payload.empty())
+    wire_address = this->payload.data()[0];
+  if (wire_address == modbus::BROADCAST_ADDRESS)
+    this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
+}
+
+bool ModbusCommandItem::on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) {
+  if (this->controller_ == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  this->controller_->increment_non_response_count();
+  if (this->controller_->can_send()) {
+    // Have the hub re-queue the frame it is holding; on_sent fires again when it goes back out.
+    return true;
+  }
+  this->controller_->set_online(false, static_cast<int>(this->function_code_), this->start_address_);
+  this->controller_->unqueue_command(this);
+  return false;
+}
+
+void ModbusController::set_online(bool online, int function_code, int register_address) {
+  if (online) {
+    this->cmd_non_responses_ = 0;
     if (this->module_offline_) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus device=%d back online", this->address_);
+      this->module_offline_ = false;
+      this->online_callback_.call(function_code, register_address);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Offline is a property of the physical device, so drop every sender's queued frames for its
+    // address; retired frames get on_not_sent(), which reclaims one-shots through the normal path.
+    this->hub_->clear_tx_queue_for_address(this->address_);
+    if (!this->module_offline_) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus device=%d set offline", this->address_);
+      this->module_offline_ = true;
+      this->module_offline_at_ = this->update_counter_;
+      this->offline_callback_.call(function_code, register_address);
+    }
+  }
+}
 
-      if (this->offline_skip_updates_ > 0) {
-        // Restore skip_updates_counter to restore commands updates
-        for (auto &r : this->register_ranges_) {
-          r.skip_updates_counter = 0;
+void ModbusController::queue_command(ModbusCommandItem command) {
+  this->sweep_completed_one_shots_();  // reclaim finished one-shots before adding a new one
+  // Duplicates are the caller's to manage; the controller only holds the item until its terminal callback.
+  this->one_shot_command_items_.push_back(make_unique<ModbusCommandItem>(std::move(command)));
+  // A refused frame gets no terminal callback (see the hub contract), so reclaim the item here.
+  auto &item = this->one_shot_command_items_.back();
+  // We intentionally do not pass read_options_ here, because one-shot commands are usually writes, and are non-polling.
+  if (!item->send()) {
+    // The caller (e.g. a write entity) has usually already published optimistically - surface the loss.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command refused by hub: type=0x%X address=0x%X", static_cast<uint8_t>(item->register_type()),
+             item->register_address());
+    item->pending_removal = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void ModbusController::unqueue_command(const ModbusCommandItem *command) {
+  // Called as the last action of the command's own callback (on_response/on_error/on_not_sent/
+  // on_no_response), which the hub runs from inside its sweep while this entry is still live.
+  // Destroying `command` here would leave the hub touching a freed object, so we only FLAG it;
+  // sweep_completed_one_shots_() erases it later at a safe point. No-op for polling commands
+  // (they persist and are not in the one-shot list).
+  for (auto &item : this->one_shot_command_items_) {
+    if (item.get() == command) {
+      item->pending_removal = true;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ModbusController::sweep_completed_one_shots_() {
+  this->one_shot_command_items_.remove_if(
+      [](const std::unique_ptr<ModbusCommandItem> &item) { return item->pending_removal; });
+}
+
+void ModbusController::update() {
+  this->sweep_completed_one_shots_();  // reclaim one-shots deferred out of their own callbacks
+  if (this->module_offline_) {
+    // Offline probing follows the offline cadence alone; regular every-update polling resumes once
+    // the device is back online.
+    if (offline_retry_due(this->update_counter_, this->module_offline_at_, this->offline_skip_updates_)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Module offline - retrying");
+      this->cmd_non_responses_ = 0;  // allow the probe through can_send()
+      for (auto &cmd : this->polling_command_items_) {
+        // Probes carry the read-side options too, so a recovering device resumes streaming on the
+        // probe itself rather than waiting for the next update_interval.
+        if (!cmd.send(this->read_options_)) {
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Probe refused by hub for range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
         }
       }
-      // Restore module online state
-      this->module_offline_ = false;
-      this->online_callback_.call((int) current_command->function_code, current_command->register_address);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Module offline - skipping update");
     }
-
-    // Move the commandItem to the response queue
-    current_command->payload = data;
-    this->incoming_queue_.push(std::move(current_command));
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus response queued");
-    this->command_queue_.pop_front();
-  }
-}
-
-// Dispatch the response to the registered handler
-void ModbusController::process_modbus_data_(const ModbusCommandItem *response) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Process modbus response for address 0x%X size: %zu", response->register_address,
-           response->payload.size());
-  response->on_data_func(response->register_type, response->register_address, response->payload);
-}
-
-void ModbusController::on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Modbus error function code: 0x%X exception: %d ", function_code, exception_code);
-  if (this->command_queue_.empty()) {
+    this->update_counter_++;
     return;
   }
-  // Remove pending command waiting for a response
-  auto &current_command = this->command_queue_.front();
-  if (current_command != nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG,
-             "Modbus error - last command: function code=0x%X  register address = 0x%X  "
-             "registers count=%d "
-             "payload size=%zu",
-             function_code, current_command->register_address, current_command->register_count,
-             current_command->payload.size());
-    this->command_queue_.pop_front();
-  }
-}
 
-SensorSet ModbusController::find_sensors_(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address) const {
-  auto reg_it = std::find_if(
-      std::begin(this->register_ranges_), std::end(this->register_ranges_),
-      [=](RegisterRange const &r) { return (r.start_address == start_address && r.register_type == register_type); });
-
-  if (reg_it == this->register_ranges_.end()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No matching range for sensor found - start_address : 0x%X", start_address);
-  } else {
-    return reg_it->sensors;
-  }
-
-  // not found
-  return {};
-}
-void ModbusController::on_register_data(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                        const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "data for register address : 0x%X : ", start_address);
-
-  // loop through all sensors with the same start address
-  auto sensors = find_sensors_(register_type, start_address);
-  for (auto *sensor : sensors) {
-    sensor->parse_and_publish(data);
-  }
-}
-
-void ModbusController::queue_command(const ModbusCommandItem &command) {
-  if (!this->allow_duplicate_commands_) {
-    // check if this command is already qeued.
-    // not very effective but the queue is never really large
-    for (auto &item : this->command_queue_) {
-      if (item->is_equal(command)) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Duplicate modbus command found: type=0x%x address=%u count=%u",
-                 static_cast<uint8_t>(command.register_type), command.register_address, command.register_count);
-        // update the payload of the queued command
-        // replaces a previous command
-        item->payload = command.payload;
-        return;
+  if (this->can_send()) {
+    for (auto &cmd : this->polling_command_items_) {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Updating range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
+      // read_options_ carries the controller's continuous flag (the offline probe above sends it too).
+      // A refusal is already logged by the hub; note the affected range for controller-level diagnostics.
+      if (!cmd.send(this->read_options_)) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Poll refused by hub for range 0x%X", cmd.register_address());
       }
     }
   }
-  this->command_queue_.push_back(make_unique<ModbusCommandItem>(command));
-}
-
-void ModbusController::update_range_(RegisterRange &r) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Range : %X Size: %x (%d) skip: %d", r.start_address, r.register_count, (int) r.register_type,
-           r.skip_updates_counter);
-  if (r.skip_updates_counter == 0) {
-    // if a custom command is used the user supplied custom_data is only available in the SensorItem.
-    if (r.register_type == ModbusRegisterType::CUSTOM) {
-      auto sensors = this->find_sensors_(r.register_type, r.start_address);
-      if (!sensors.empty()) {
-        auto sensor = sensors.cbegin();
-        auto command_item = ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-            this, (*sensor)->custom_data,
-            [this](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-              this->on_register_data(ModbusRegisterType::CUSTOM, start_address, data);
-            });
-        command_item.register_address = (*sensor)->start_address;
-        command_item.register_count = (*sensor)->register_count;
-        command_item.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::CUSTOM;
-        queue_command(command_item);
-      }
-    } else {
-      queue_command(ModbusCommandItem::create_read_command(this, r.register_type, r.start_address, r.register_count));
-    }
-    r.skip_updates_counter = r.skip_updates;  // reset counter to config value
-  } else {
-    r.skip_updates_counter--;
-  }
-}
-//
-// Queue the modbus requests to be send.
-// Once we get a response to the command it is removed from the queue and the next command is send
-//
-void ModbusController::update() {
-  if (!this->command_queue_.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%zu modbus commands already in queue", this->command_queue_.size());
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Updating modbus component");
-  }
-
-  for (auto &r : this->register_ranges_) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Updating range 0x%X", r.start_address);
-    update_range_(r);
-  }
+  this->update_counter_++;
 }
 
 // walk through the sensors and determine the register ranges to read
-size_t ModbusController::create_register_ranges_() {
-  this->register_ranges_.clear();
+void ModbusController::create_polling_commands_() {
   if (this->sensorset_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No sensors registered");
-    return 0;
+    return;
   }
 
-  // iterator is sorted see SensorItemsComparator for details
-  auto ix = this->sensorset_.begin();
+  // Sensors are walked in the sensor set's order (see SensorItemsComparator): register type, then
+  // force_new_range ahead of the rest, then address - so the walk is not purely address-ordered.
+  // Each keeps the address it was configured with; what is resolved here is its `offset`, the position
+  // of its data within the response of whichever range it ends up in.
   RegisterRange r = {};
-  uint8_t buffer_offset = 0;
+  bool have_range = false;
+  // Set while the open range belongs to a force_new_range sensor: a range the user asked to keep
+  // separate must not quietly absorb other sensors.
+  bool range_forced = false;
+  // Set once a sensor has joined by sharing the range's start address, which widens the read. Only a
+  // widened range can absorb a later sensor by coverage: ranges that were kept apart before stay apart,
+  // so their frames and polling rates are untouched.
+  bool range_shared = false;
+  // Bytes the range's registers have consumed so far. An extending sensor starts after them, so a
+  // register that returns more bytes than its count implies pushes the sensors after it along.
+  // range_custom_size records whether any of them returns something other than two bytes per register,
+  // which is what makes a position inside the range impossible to work out from addresses alone. Coils
+  // count as such: they carry one bit per address, so bit ranges never take the coverage join.
+  size_t range_bytes = 0;
+  bool range_custom_size = false;
   SensorItem *prev = nullptr;
-  while (ix != this->sensorset_.end()) {
-    SensorItem *curr = *ix;
+  for (SensorItem *curr : this->sensorset_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register: 0x%X count=%d size=%zu offset=%u addr=%p", curr->start_address, curr->register_count,
+             curr->get_register_size(), curr->offset, curr);
 
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register: 0x%X %d %d %zu offset=%u skip=%u addr=%p", curr->start_address, curr->register_count,
-             curr->offset, curr->get_register_size(), curr->offset, curr->skip_updates, curr);
+    const bool custom_size = curr->get_register_size() != static_cast<size_t>(curr->register_count) * 2;
 
-    if (r.register_count == 0) {
-      // this is the first register in range
+    bool join = false;
+    if (have_range && !curr->force_new_range && r.register_type == curr->register_type &&
+        curr->register_type != modbus::EntityType::CUSTOM) {
+      if (curr->start_address == (r.start_address + r.register_count - prev->register_count) &&
+          prev->start_address + prev->register_count == r.start_address + r.register_count &&
+          curr->register_count == prev->register_count && curr->get_register_size() == prev->get_register_size()) {
+        // A second sensor on the register(s) the previous one covers: it reads those same bytes,
+        // starting where that sensor's offset pointed, so a chain configured 0/2/4 resolves to 0/2/6.
+        // Both address tests matter. The first identifies the previous sensor's register by working back
+        // from the range's end, which only describes it while it actually sits there - hence the second.
+        // A sensor that joined mid-range must never anchor this, or the next one inherits its offset.
+        curr->offset = static_cast<uint8_t>(prev->offset + curr->offset_from_start_address);
+        join = true;
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Re-use previous register 0x%X", curr->start_address);
+      } else if (curr->start_address == (r.start_address + r.register_count)) {
+        // The next contiguous register(s): the data begins after what the range has consumed so far -
+        // the byte cursor for registers, the distance in bits for coils.
+        curr->offset =
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((curr->addresses_bits() ? curr->start_address - r.start_address : range_bytes) +
+                                 curr->offset_from_start_address);
+        range_bytes += curr->get_register_size();
+        range_custom_size = range_custom_size || custom_size;
+        r.register_count += curr->register_count;
+        join = true;
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Extend range to include 0x%X", curr->start_address);
+      } else if (range_shared && !range_forced && curr->start_address >= r.start_address &&
+                 curr->start_address + curr->register_count <= r.start_address + r.register_count &&
+                 !range_custom_size && !custom_size) {
+        // The registers already fall inside a range that a shared-address join widened, so this sensor
+        // reads its slice of that response instead of adding an overlapping second poll. The guards keep
+        // it narrow: only a widened range, never a force-isolated one; only where every register in the
+        // range returns two bytes, so interior positions follow from the addresses; only sensors genuinely
+        // inside it, which is why the lower bound is needed given the walk is not address-ordered.
+        const uint16_t addr_delta = curr->start_address - r.start_address;
+        curr->offset = static_cast<uint8_t>((curr->addresses_bits() ? addr_delta : addr_delta * 2) +
+                                            curr->offset_from_start_address);
+        join = true;
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Register 0x%X already covered by range 0x%X", curr->start_address, r.start_address);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Sensors on the same start address have to share one range: a response is dispatched to a single
+    // range per (start_address, register_type), so a second range with that key would never receive
+    // data. This holds for force_new_range and custom entities too. The read widens to cover whichever
+    // sensor needs the most registers, which also fixes a short read for coils that use offset.
+    if (!join && have_range && r.register_type == curr->register_type && r.start_address == curr->start_address) {
+      curr->offset = curr->offset_from_start_address;  // shares the range start
+      r.register_count = std::max(r.register_count, curr->register_count);
+      range_bytes = std::max(range_bytes, curr->get_register_size());
+      range_custom_size = range_custom_size || custom_size;
+      range_shared = true;
+      range_forced = range_forced || curr->force_new_range;
+      join = true;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Share range start 0x%X", curr->start_address);
+    }
+
+    if (!join) {
+      if (have_range) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add range 0x%X %d", r.start_address, r.register_count);
+        this->create_polling_command_(std::move(r));
+      }
+      r = {};
+      range_bytes = curr->get_register_size();
+      range_custom_size = custom_size;
+      range_forced = curr->force_new_range;
+      range_shared = false;
+      curr->offset = curr->offset_from_start_address;
       r.start_address = curr->start_address;
       r.register_count = curr->register_count;
       r.register_type = curr->register_type;
-      r.sensors.insert(curr);
-      r.skip_updates = curr->skip_updates;
-      r.skip_updates_counter = 0;
-      buffer_offset = curr->get_register_size();
-
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Started new range");
-    } else {
-      // this is not the first register in range so it might be possible
-      // to reuse the last register or extend the current range
-      if (!curr->force_new_range && r.register_type == curr->register_type &&
-          curr->register_type != ModbusRegisterType::CUSTOM) {
-        if (curr->start_address == (r.start_address + r.register_count - prev->register_count) &&
-            curr->register_count == prev->register_count && curr->get_register_size() == prev->get_register_size()) {
-          // this register can re-use the data from the previous register
-
-          // remove this sensore because start_address is changed (sort-order)
-          ix = this->sensorset_.erase(ix);
-
-          curr->start_address = r.start_address;
-          curr->offset += prev->offset;
-
-          this->sensorset_.insert(curr);
-          // move iterator backwards because it will be incremented later
-          ix--;
-
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Re-use previous register - change to register: 0x%X %d offset=%u", curr->start_address,
-                   curr->register_count, curr->offset);
-        } else if (curr->start_address == (r.start_address + r.register_count)) {
-          // this register can extend the current range
-
-          // remove this sensore because start_address is changed (sort-order)
-          ix = this->sensorset_.erase(ix);
-
-          curr->start_address = r.start_address;
-          curr->offset += buffer_offset;
-          buffer_offset += curr->get_register_size();
-          r.register_count += curr->register_count;
-
-          this->sensorset_.insert(curr);
-          // move iterator backwards because it will be incremented later
-          ix--;
-
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Extend range - change to register: 0x%X %d offset=%u", curr->start_address,
-                   curr->register_count, curr->offset);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (curr->start_address == r.start_address && curr->register_type == r.register_type) {
-      // use the lowest non zero value for the whole range
-      // Because zero is the default value for skip_updates it is excluded from getting the min value.
-      if (curr->skip_updates != 0) {
-        if (r.skip_updates != 0) {
-          r.skip_updates = std::min(r.skip_updates, curr->skip_updates);
-        } else {
-          r.skip_updates = curr->skip_updates;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // add sensor to this range
-      r.sensors.insert(curr);
-
-      ix++;
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add range 0x%X %d skip:%d", r.start_address, r.register_count, r.skip_updates);
-      this->register_ranges_.push_back(r);
-      r = {};
-      buffer_offset = 0;
-      // do not increment the iterator here because the current sensor has to be re-evaluated
+      have_range = true;
     }
 
+    // Every member records its range's first register. The resolved offset is relative to it, so the
+    // two together give the sensor's real position, and the address a write entity targets.
+    curr->range_start_address = r.start_address;
+    r.sensors.insert(curr);
     prev = curr;
   }
-
-  if (r.register_count > 0) {
-    // Add the last range
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add last range 0x%X %d skip:%d", r.start_address, r.register_count, r.skip_updates);
-    this->register_ranges_.push_back(r);
+  if (have_range) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Add last range 0x%X %d", r.start_address, r.register_count);
+    this->create_polling_command_(std::move(r));
   }
-
-  return this->register_ranges_.size();
+  // Reclaim growth slack; safe here because nothing has registered with the hub yet (see the
+  // lifetime note on polling_command_items_).
+  this->polling_command_items_.shrink_to_fit();
 }
 
 void ModbusController::dump_config() {
@@ -321,221 +435,168 @@ void ModbusController::dump_config() {
                   it->get_register_size());
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ranges");
-  for (auto &it : this->register_ranges_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Range type=%u start=0x%X count=%d skip_updates=%d", static_cast<uint8_t>(it.register_type),
-                  it.start_address, it.register_count, it.skip_updates);
+  for (auto &it : this->polling_command_items_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Range type=%u start=0x%X count=%d", static_cast<uint8_t>(it.register_type()),
+                  it.register_address(), it.register_count());
   }
 #endif
 }
 
-void ModbusController::loop() {
-  // Incoming data to process?
-  if (!this->incoming_queue_.empty()) {
-    auto &message = this->incoming_queue_.front();
-    if (message != nullptr)
-      this->process_modbus_data_(message.get());
-    this->incoming_queue_.pop();
-
+void ModbusController::on_write_register_response(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
+                                                  std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  // A well-formed write ACK echoes address and value, but a truncated PDU yields a short/empty span.
+  if (data.size() >= 3) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command ACK 0x%X %d ", modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), 0),
+             modbus::helpers::get_data<int16_t>(data.data(), 1));
   } else {
-    // all messages processed send pending commands
-    this->send_next_command_();
-  }
-}
-
-void ModbusController::on_write_register_response(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                                  const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command ACK 0x%X %d ", modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0),
-           modbus::helpers::get_data<int16_t>(data, 1));
-}
-
-void ModbusController::dump_sensors_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "sensors");
-  for (auto &it : this->sensorset_) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Sensor start=0x%X count=%d size=%zu offset=%d", it->start_address, it->register_count,
-             it->get_register_size(), it->offset);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command ACK (short payload, %zu bytes)", data.size());
   }
 }
 
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_read_command(
-    ModbusController *modbusdevice, ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t register_count,
-    std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-        &&handler) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.register_type = register_type;
-  cmd.function_code = modbus::helpers::modbus_register_read_function(register_type);
-  cmd.register_address = start_address;
-  cmd.register_count = register_count;
+    ModbusController *modbusdevice, EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t register_count,
+    std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> &&handler) {
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.set_command_(modbus::helpers::modbus_register_read_function(register_type), register_type, start_address,
+                   register_count);
   cmd.on_data_func = std::move(handler);
   return cmd;
 }
 
-ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_read_command(ModbusController *modbusdevice,
-                                                         ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                                         uint16_t register_count) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.register_type = register_type;
-  cmd.function_code = modbus::helpers::modbus_register_read_function(register_type);
-  cmd.register_address = start_address;
-  cmd.register_count = register_count;
-  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                    const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-    modbusdevice->on_register_data(register_type, start_address, data);
-  };
-  return cmd;
-}
-
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(ModbusController *modbusdevice,
                                                                    uint16_t start_address, uint16_t register_count,
                                                                    const std::vector<uint16_t> &values) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.register_type = ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING;
-  cmd.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS;
-  cmd.register_address = start_address;
-  cmd.register_count = register_count;
-  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice, cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                         const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(cmd.register_type, start_address, data);
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.set_command_(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, EntityType::HOLDING, start_address, register_count);
+  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice](EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(register_type, start_address, data);
   };
+  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init(values.size() * 2);
   for (auto v : values) {
     auto decoded_value = decode_value(v);
-    cmd.payload.push_back(decoded_value[0]);
-    cmd.payload.push_back(decoded_value[1]);
+    *p++ = decoded_value[0];
+    *p++ = decoded_value[1];
   }
   return cmd;
 }
 
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_coil(ModbusController *modbusdevice, uint16_t address,
                                                               bool value) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.register_type = ModbusRegisterType::COIL;
-  cmd.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL;
-  cmd.register_address = address;
-  cmd.register_count = 1;
-  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice, cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                         const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(cmd.register_type, start_address, data);
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.set_command_(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, EntityType::COIL, address, 1);
+  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice](EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(register_type, start_address, data);
   };
-  cmd.payload.push_back(value ? 0xFF : 0);
-  cmd.payload.push_back(0);
+  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init(2);
+  p[0] = value ? 0xFF : 0;
+  p[1] = 0;
   return cmd;
 }
 
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(ModbusController *modbusdevice, uint16_t start_address,
                                                                  const std::vector<bool> &values) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.register_type = ModbusRegisterType::COIL;
-  cmd.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS;
-  cmd.register_address = start_address;
-  cmd.register_count = values.size();
-  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice, cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                         const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(cmd.register_type, start_address, data);
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.set_command_(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, EntityType::COIL, start_address, values.size());
+  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice](EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(register_type, start_address, data);
   };
 
-  uint8_t bitmask = 0;
-  int bitcounter = 0;
-  for (auto coil : values) {
-    if (coil) {
-      bitmask |= (1 << bitcounter);
-    }
-    bitcounter++;
-    if (bitcounter % 8 == 0) {
-      cmd.payload.push_back(bitmask);
-      bitmask = 0;
-    }
-  }
-  // add remaining bits
-  if (bitcounter % 8) {
-    cmd.payload.push_back(bitmask);
+  // Pack through the shared bit view (MutablePackedBits) so the coil wire layout lives in one place
+  // instead of an open-coded loop.
+  const size_t byte_count = modbus::packed_bit_bytes(values.size());
+  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init(byte_count);
+  memset(p, 0, byte_count);
+  modbus::MutablePackedBits bits(std::span<uint8_t>(p, byte_count), static_cast<uint16_t>(values.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != values.size(); i++) {
+    if (values[i])
+      bits.set(i, true);
   }
   return cmd;
 }
 
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(ModbusController *modbusdevice, uint16_t start_address,
                                                                  uint16_t value) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.register_type = ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING;
-  cmd.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER;
-  cmd.register_address = start_address;
-  cmd.register_count = 1;  // not used here anyways
-  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice, cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                         const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(cmd.register_type, start_address, data);
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.set_command_(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER, EntityType::HOLDING, start_address, 1);
+  cmd.on_data_func = [modbusdevice](EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+    modbusdevice->on_write_register_response(register_type, start_address, data);
   };
 
   auto decoded_value = decode_value(value);
-  cmd.payload.push_back(decoded_value[0]);
-  cmd.payload.push_back(decoded_value[1]);
+  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init(2);
+  p[0] = decoded_value[0];
+  p[1] = decoded_value[1];
   return cmd;
 }
 
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
     ModbusController *modbusdevice, const std::vector<uint8_t> &values,
-    std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-        &&handler) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::CUSTOM;
+    std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> &&handler) {
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.function_code_ = FunctionCode::CUSTOM;
   if (handler == nullptr) {
-    cmd.on_data_func = [](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+    cmd.on_data_func = [](EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Custom Command sent");
     };
   } else {
     cmd.on_data_func = handler;
   }
-  cmd.payload = values;
+  cmd.payload.set(values.data(), values.size());
 
   return cmd;
 }
 
 ModbusCommandItem ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
     ModbusController *modbusdevice, const std::vector<uint16_t> &values,
-    std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-        &&handler) {
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd = {};
-  cmd.modbusdevice = modbusdevice;
-  cmd.function_code = ModbusFunctionCode::CUSTOM;
+    std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> &&handler) {
+  ModbusCommandItem cmd(*modbusdevice, modbusdevice->hub(), modbusdevice->device_address());
+  cmd.function_code_ = FunctionCode::CUSTOM;
   if (handler == nullptr) {
-    cmd.on_data_func = [](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+    cmd.on_data_func = [](EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Custom Command sent");
     };
   } else {
     cmd.on_data_func = handler;
   }
+  uint8_t *p = cmd.payload.init(values.size() * 2);
   for (auto v : values) {
-    cmd.payload.push_back((v >> 8) & 0xFF);
-    cmd.payload.push_back(v & 0xFF);
+    *p++ = (v >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    *p++ = v & 0xFF;
   }
 
   return cmd;
 }
 
-bool ModbusCommandItem::send() {
-  if (this->function_code != ModbusFunctionCode::CUSTOM) {
-    modbusdevice->send(uint8_t(this->function_code), this->register_address, this->register_count, this->payload.size(),
-                       this->payload.empty() ? nullptr : &this->payload[0]);
+bool ModbusCommandItem::send(modbus::CommandOptions options) {
+  // Options pass straight through to the hub
+  bool accepted;
+  if (this->custom_pdu_ != nullptr) {
+    // Custom polling command: send the sensor's ready-made PDU (function code + data, no address byte)
+    // to this controller's own device address; the hub prepends the address and appends the CRC.
+    accepted = modbus::ModbusClientDevice::queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>(*this->custom_pdu_), options);
+  } else if (this->function_code_ != FunctionCode::CUSTOM) {
+    accepted = this->queue_pdu(modbus::helpers::create_client_pdu(
+                                   this->function_code_, this->start_address_, this->register_count_,
+                                   this->payload.empty() ? nullptr : this->payload.data(), this->payload.size()),
+                               options);
   } else {
-    modbusdevice->send_raw(this->payload);
+    // Factory custom command: payload holds a complete raw frame (address + PDU). Send the PDU to the
+    // frame's own address (which may differ from this controller's); the hub appends the CRC and routes
+    // the response back to this item by pointer.
+    std::span<const uint8_t> frame = this->payload;
+    if (frame.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Empty custom command frame, not sent");
+      accepted = false;
+    } else {
+      accepted = this->parent_->queue_pdu(frame[0], frame.subspan(1), this, options);
+    }
   }
-  this->send_count_++;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command sent %d 0x%X %d send_count: %d", uint8_t(this->function_code), this->register_address,
-           this->register_count, this->send_count_);
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool ModbusCommandItem::is_equal(const ModbusCommandItem &other) {
-  // for custom commands we have to check for identical payloads, since
-  // address/count/type fields will be set to zero
-  return this->function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::CUSTOM
-             ? this->payload == other.payload
-             : other.register_address == this->register_address && other.register_count == this->register_count &&
-                   other.register_type == this->register_type && other.function_code == this->function_code;
+  // The on_command_sent trigger fires from on_sent() when the frame actually reaches the wire.
+  if (accepted) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command queued %d 0x%X %d", uint8_t(this->function_code_), this->start_address_,
+             this->register_count_);
+  }
+  return accepted;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h
index 4f674b2675..1f36d5a7c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 
 #include <list>
-#include <queue>
 #include <set>
+#include <span>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -16,22 +16,30 @@ namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 class ModbusController;
 
+using modbus::EntityType;
+using modbus::ExceptionCode;
+using modbus::FunctionCode;
+using modbus::helpers::SensorValueType;
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0 - deprecated names re-exported so external components keep their warning window
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+using modbus::ModbusExceptionCode;
 using modbus::ModbusFunctionCode;
 using modbus::ModbusRegisterType;
-using modbus::ModbusExceptionCode;
-using modbus::helpers::SensorValueType;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 // Remove before 2026.10.0 — these helpers have moved to modbus::helpers
 ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::value_type_is_float() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
 inline bool value_type_is_float(SensorValueType v) { return modbus::helpers::value_type_is_float(v); }
 
 ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::modbus_register_read_function() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
-inline ModbusFunctionCode modbus_register_read_function(ModbusRegisterType reg_type) {
+inline FunctionCode modbus_register_read_function(modbus::EntityType reg_type) {
   return modbus::helpers::modbus_register_read_function(reg_type);
 }
 
 ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::modbus_register_write_function() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
-inline ModbusFunctionCode modbus_register_write_function(ModbusRegisterType reg_type) {
+inline FunctionCode modbus_register_write_function(modbus::EntityType reg_type) {
   return modbus::helpers::modbus_register_write_function(reg_type);
 }
 
@@ -64,9 +72,30 @@ T get_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, size_t buffer_offset) {
   return modbus::helpers::get_data<T>(data, buffer_offset);
 }
 
-ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::coil_from_vector() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
+// Span overloads of the deprecated helpers below: read lambdas receive their payload as a
+// std::span<const uint8_t> (previously a const std::vector<uint8_t> &), and a span does not convert to
+// a vector, so existing lambdas calling these by name need an overload that accepts one. These carry
+// this release's deprecation window, since the span forms only exist from it.
+// payload_to_number() deliberately has no such overload: one of its arguments is a modbus::helpers
+// type, so a span call already reaches the helper by argument-dependent lookup, and a forwarder here
+// would only make that call ambiguous.
+// Remove before 2027.2.0.
+template<typename T>
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::get_data() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+T get_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data, size_t buffer_offset) {
+  return modbus::helpers::get_data<T>(data.data(), buffer_offset);
+}
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0 (window restarted when the migration target changed to bit_from_packed())
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::bit_from_packed() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.4.0")
 inline bool coil_from_vector(int coil, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  return modbus::helpers::coil_from_vector(coil, data);
+  return modbus::helpers::bit_from_packed(coil, data);
+}
+
+// Remove before 2027.2.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::bit_from_packed() instead. Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+inline bool coil_from_vector(int coil, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  return modbus::helpers::bit_from_packed(coil, data);
 }
 
 template<typename N>
@@ -83,23 +112,54 @@ inline void number_to_payload(std::vector<uint16_t> &data, int64_t value, Sensor
 ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::payload_to_number() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
 inline int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
                                  uint32_t bitmask) {
-  return modbus::helpers::payload_to_number(data, sensor_value_type, offset, bitmask);
+  return modbus::helpers::payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), sensor_value_type, offset, bitmask)
+      .value_or(0);
 }
 
 ESPDEPRECATED("Use modbus::helpers::float_to_payload() instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
 inline std::vector<uint16_t> float_to_payload(float value, SensorValueType value_type) {
-  return modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(value, value_type);
+  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(data, value, value_type);
+  return data;
 }
 
 class ModbusController;
 
 class SensorItem {
  public:
-  virtual void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) = 0;
+  /// Parse this sensor's slice out of its range's response and publish it. The span points into the
+  /// response buffer and is only valid for the duration of the call. Read the sensor's data from
+  /// `offset` within it.
+  virtual void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) = 0;
 
-  void set_custom_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { custom_data = data; }
+  /// Coils and discrete inputs address individual bits; every other type addresses 16-bit registers.
+  bool addresses_bits() const { return modbus::helpers::is_entity_type_binary(this->register_type); }
+
+  /// Address a write entity (switch/number/select) targets, derived from its resolved position within
+  /// the range so that a write lands on the register the sensor reads from.
+  uint16_t write_address() const {
+    return this->range_start_address + (this->addresses_bits() ? this->offset : this->offset / 2);
+  }
+
+  /// Records the offset as configured, and seeds the resolved position with it. Building the ranges
+  /// overwrites `offset` with the position within the range; an item that is never polled keeps this
+  /// value, which is what its own address arithmetic expects.
+  void set_offset_from_start_address(uint8_t offset) {
+    this->offset_from_start_address = offset;
+    this->offset = offset;
+  }
+
+  /// Sets the configured address, and points the range base at it. Building the ranges moves the base
+  /// to the range's first register; an item that is never polled (an output, or a switch with
+  /// assumed_state) keeps its own address, so write_address() stays correct for it.
+  void set_address(uint16_t address) {
+    this->start_address = address;
+    this->range_start_address = address;
+  }
+
+  void set_custom_pdu(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> pdu) { this->custom_pdu.set(pdu.begin(), pdu.size()); }
   size_t virtual get_register_size() const {
-    if (register_type == ModbusRegisterType::COIL || register_type == ModbusRegisterType::DISCRETE_INPUT) {
+    if (this->addresses_bits()) {
       return 1;
     } else {  // if CONF_RESPONSE_BYTES is used override the default
       return response_bytes > 0 ? response_bytes : register_count * 2;
@@ -107,19 +167,30 @@ class SensorItem {
   }
   // Override register size for modbus devices not using 1 register for one dword
   void set_register_size(uint8_t register_size) { response_bytes = register_size; }
-  ModbusRegisterType register_type{ModbusRegisterType::CUSTOM};
+  modbus::EntityType register_type{modbus::EntityType::CUSTOM};
   SensorValueType sensor_value_type{SensorValueType::RAW};
   uint16_t start_address{0};
   uint32_t bitmask{0};
+  /// Position of this sensor's data within its range's response - a byte offset for registers, a bit
+  /// index for coils and discrete inputs. Resolved while the ranges are built, so it already accounts
+  /// for the registers ahead of it (including wide response_size ones) and for any offset inherited
+  /// from an earlier sensor sharing the same register.
   uint8_t offset{0};
   uint8_t register_count{0};
   uint8_t response_bytes{0};
-  uint16_t skip_updates{0};
-  std::vector<uint8_t> custom_data{};
+  /// The offset exactly as configured: measured from this sensor's own start_address, where `offset`
+  /// is measured from the first register of the range it ends up polled in. Same units as `offset` -
+  /// bytes for registers, bits for coils and discrete inputs. Kept so the resolution can be recomputed,
+  /// and so the sort order of the sensor set never depends on the resolved value.
+  /// Declared before range_start_address so it lands in the padding after response_bytes.
+  uint8_t offset_from_start_address{0};
+  /// First register of the range this sensor is polled in; equals start_address for an unpolled item.
+  uint16_t range_start_address{0};
+  SmallInlineBuffer<8> custom_pdu{};
   bool force_new_range{false};
 };
 
-// ModbusController::create_register_ranges_ tries to optimize register range
+// ModbusController::create_polling_commands_ tries to optimize register range
 // for this the sensors must be ordered by register_type, start_address and bitmask
 class SensorItemsComparator {
  public:
@@ -139,9 +210,11 @@ class SensorItemsComparator {
       return lhs->start_address < rhs->start_address;
     }
 
-    // sort by offset (ensures update of sensors in ascending order)
-    if (lhs->offset != rhs->offset) {
-      return lhs->offset < rhs->offset;
+    // sort by the offset as configured (ensures update of sensors in ascending order). The resolved
+    // `offset` is deliberately not used: ranges are built while iterating this set and assign it, and
+    // a sort key that changed under the iteration would corrupt the set's ordering.
+    if (lhs->offset_from_start_address != rhs->offset_from_start_address) {
+      return lhs->offset_from_start_address < rhs->offset_from_start_address;
     }
 
     // The pointer to the sensor is used last to ensure that
@@ -154,27 +227,175 @@ using SensorSet = std::set<SensorItem *, SensorItemsComparator>;
 
 struct RegisterRange {
   uint16_t start_address;
-  ModbusRegisterType register_type;
+  modbus::EntityType register_type;
   uint8_t register_count;
-  uint16_t skip_updates;          // the config value
-  SensorSet sensors;              // all sensors of this range
-  uint16_t skip_updates_counter;  // the running value
+  SensorSet sensors;  // all sensors of this range
 };
 
-class ModbusCommandItem {
+/// A hub device owned by a writer entity (switch/number/select/output) through WriterEntity.
+/// Centralises the feedback to the controller - online/offline tracking, retry counting and the
+/// on_command_sent trigger - and records every dispatch, so a write lambda can tell "I sent it myself"
+/// from "use the default write". The hub base is inherited protected, so the public members below are
+/// the entity's whole request API and nothing can bypass the recording or re-target the device.
+class WriterDevice final : protected modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
+ protected:
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) override;
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+
+  void notify_online_(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu);
+  /// Function code / register address decoded from a request PDU ([fc, addr_hi, addr_lo, ...]).
+  static int fc_of(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) { return pdu.empty() ? 0 : (pdu[0] & modbus::FUNCTION_CODE_MASK); }
+  static int addr_of(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+    return pdu.size() >= 3 ? modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(pdu.data(), 1) : 0;
+  }
+
+  /// Declared before controller_ so they land in the padding after ModbusClientDevice::custom_response_warned_
+  /// instead of adding a word to every entity that owns a device.
+  /// dispatched_: a frame was queued since the last clear_dispatched_().
+  /// write_buffer_deprecated_warned_: warn-once for the legacy write_lambda buffer parameter.
+  bool dispatched_{false};
+  bool write_buffer_deprecated_warned_{false};
+  ModbusController *controller_{nullptr};
+
  public:
-  static const size_t MAX_PAYLOAD_BYTES = 240;
-  ModbusController *modbusdevice{nullptr};
-  uint16_t register_address{0};
-  uint16_t register_count{0};
-  ModbusFunctionCode function_code{ModbusFunctionCode::CUSTOM};
-  ModbusRegisterType register_type{ModbusRegisterType::CUSTOM};
-  std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-      on_data_func;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> payload = {};
-  bool send();
-  /// Check if the command should be retried based on the max_retries parameter
-  bool should_retry(uint8_t max_retries) { return this->send_count_ <= max_retries; };
+  /// Whether a frame was queued to the hub since the last clear_dispatched_().
+  bool dispatched() const { return this->dispatched_; }
+
+  bool write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value) {
+    this->dispatched_ = true;
+    return modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_single_register(address, value);
+  }
+  bool write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value) {
+    this->dispatched_ = true;
+    return modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_single_coil(address, value);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_registers(uint16_t address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+    this->dispatched_ = true;
+    return modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_multiple_registers(address, values);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+    this->dispatched_ = true;
+    return modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_multiple_coils(address, values);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t address, modbus::PackedBits bits) {
+    this->dispatched_ = true;
+    return modbus::ModbusClientDevice::write_multiple_coils(address, bits);
+  }
+  bool queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, modbus::CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    this->dispatched_ = true;
+    return modbus::ModbusClientDevice::queue_pdu(pdu, options);
+  }
+  /// Send a legacy raw frame (address + function code + data) to the frame's own address.
+  /// Serves only the deprecated write_lambda buffer path. Remove before 2027.3.0.
+  bool send_raw_frame_deprecated(std::span<const uint8_t> frame);
+
+  void clear_tx_queue_for_device() { modbus::ModbusClientDevice::clear_tx_queue_for_device(); }
+
+  // Entity plumbing, public because the owning WriterEntity holds the only reachable instance (device_ is
+  // protected there and the hub sees just the masked base) - reachability is the access gate, not a friend.
+  void set_controller(ModbusController *controller);
+  void clear_dispatched() { this->dispatched_ = false; }
+  /// Warn once per entity that filling the write_lambda buffer parameter is deprecated (the entity is now the
+  /// command - call a write helper / queue_pdu() on `item` instead). The buffer parameter is removed in 2027.3.0.
+  void warn_write_buffer_deprecated(const LogString *platform, uint16_t address);
+};
+
+/// Gives a writer entity the write API of the WriterDevice it owns. The device is a member, not a base:
+/// the mixin declares no virtual function, so an entity mixing it in gains no second vtable and all the
+/// writer platforms share the single WriterDevice vtable instead of each emitting its own copy.
+/// The forwarders keep `item->write_*()` working unchanged inside a write_lambda.
+class WriterEntity {
+ public:
+  bool dispatched() const { return this->device_.dispatched(); }
+  bool write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value) {
+    return this->device_.write_single_register(address, value);
+  }
+  bool write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value) { return this->device_.write_single_coil(address, value); }
+  bool write_multiple_registers(uint16_t address, std::span<const uint16_t> values) {
+    return this->device_.write_multiple_registers(address, values);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t address, std::span<const bool> values) {
+    return this->device_.write_multiple_coils(address, values);
+  }
+  bool write_multiple_coils(uint16_t address, modbus::PackedBits bits) {
+    return this->device_.write_multiple_coils(address, bits);
+  }
+  bool queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t> pdu, modbus::CommandOptions options = {}) {
+    return this->device_.queue_pdu(pdu, options);
+  }
+  void clear_tx_queue_for_device() { this->device_.clear_tx_queue_for_device(); }
+
+ protected:
+  bool send_raw_frame_deprecated_(std::span<const uint8_t> frame) {
+    return this->device_.send_raw_frame_deprecated(frame);
+  }
+  void set_controller_(ModbusController *controller) { this->device_.set_controller(controller); }
+  void clear_dispatched_() { this->device_.clear_dispatched(); }
+  void warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(const LogString *platform, uint16_t address) {
+    this->device_.warn_write_buffer_deprecated(platform, address);
+  }
+
+  WriterDevice device_;
+};
+
+/// A single modbus command. Each command is its own ModbusClientDevice: it sends its frame to the hub
+/// and the hub routes the response back to this object's on_modbus_* callbacks, so the controller no
+/// longer has to match responses to a FIFO queue.
+class ModbusCommandItem : public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  /// Empty command with no controller connection (kept for source compatibility with value-type usage).
+  ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address)
+      : modbus::ModbusClientDevice(parent, address), controller_(&controller) {}
+  /// Read command built from a range; the read PDU is rebuilt from these fields at send time.
+  ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address,
+                    RegisterRange &&range);
+  /// Custom polling command: the PDU bytes are referenced from the sensor (not copied); responses are
+  /// dispatched to that sensor.
+  ModbusCommandItem(ModbusController &controller, modbus::ModbusClientHub *parent, uint8_t address, SensorItem *sensor);
+
+  // The base deletes copy/move (its destructor unregisters the device from the hub queue), but command
+  // items are stored in value containers, so copy/move CONSTRUCTION is re-provided (copy only for the
+  // queue_command() path). Assignment stays deleted: the item's address-in-memory is its hub identity.
+  ModbusCommandItem(const ModbusCommandItem &other);
+  ModbusCommandItem(ModbusCommandItem &&other) noexcept;
+  ModbusCommandItem &operator=(ModbusCommandItem &&) = delete;
+
+  SensorSet sensors;  // sensors served by this command (empty for factory/write commands)
+  std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> on_data_func;
+  /// Write data bytes for the command (register/coil values), or the raw frame of a one-shot custom
+  /// command; reads leave it empty. Small-buffer optimized: fixed-size commands (single-register/coil
+  /// writes) fit in the 8-byte inline buffer with no heap; only large multi-register or custom frames
+  /// spill to a single one-time heap allocation. This keeps runtime one-shot writes off the heap without
+  /// reserving a max-size buffer per command item.
+  SmallInlineBuffer<8> payload;
+  // Set by unqueue_command() when this one-shot has completed. The controller erases flagged items at a
+  // safe point (update()/queue_command()), never from inside the command's own callback.
+  bool pending_removal{false};
+
+  /// called when a modbus response was parsed without errors
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
+  /// called when a modbus error (exception) response was received
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, modbus::ExceptionCode exception_code) override;
+  /// called when the command could not be sent
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+  /// called when the command's frame is actually written to the wire; fires the on_command_sent trigger
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+  /// called on timeout; returns true to have the hub re-queue the frame for a retry
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override;
+
+  uint16_t register_address() const { return this->start_address_; }
+  uint16_t register_count() const { return this->register_count_; }
+  EntityType register_type() const { return this->register_type_; }
+
+  /// Queue this command's frame on the hub. Returns false when refused, in which case no callback ever comes.
+  /// The item is the hub device, so it must stay alive until its terminal callback; a destroyed item's
+  /// pending frame is silently retired.
+  /// Options pass straight through to the hub; the polling path passes the controller's read-side
+  /// options so reads re-queue after each success, one-shot commands keep the default.
+  bool send(modbus::CommandOptions options = {});
 
   /// factory methods
   /** Create modbus read command
@@ -187,19 +408,8 @@ class ModbusCommandItem {
    * @return ModbusCommandItem with the prepared command
    */
   static ModbusCommandItem create_read_command(
-      ModbusController *modbusdevice, ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t register_count,
-      std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-          &&handler);
-  /** Create modbus read command
-   *  Function code 02-04
-   * @param modbusdevice pointer to the device to execute the command
-   * @param function_code modbus function code for the read command
-   * @param start_address modbus address of the first register to read
-   * @param register_count number of registers to read
-   * @return ModbusCommandItem with the prepared command
-   */
-  static ModbusCommandItem create_read_command(ModbusController *modbusdevice, ModbusRegisterType register_type,
-                                               uint16_t start_address, uint16_t register_count);
+      ModbusController *modbusdevice, EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t register_count,
+      std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> &&handler);
   /** Create modbus read command
    *  Function code 02-04
    * @param modbusdevice pointer to the device to execute the command
@@ -248,8 +458,8 @@ class ModbusCommandItem {
    */
   static ModbusCommandItem create_custom_command(
       ModbusController *modbusdevice, const std::vector<uint8_t> &values,
-      std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-          &&handler = nullptr);
+      std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> &&handler =
+          nullptr);
 
   /** Create custom modbus command
    * @param modbusdevice pointer to the device to execute the command
@@ -260,17 +470,33 @@ class ModbusCommandItem {
    */
   static ModbusCommandItem create_custom_command(
       ModbusController *modbusdevice, const std::vector<uint16_t> &values,
-      std::function<void(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data)>
-          &&handler = nullptr);
-
-  bool is_equal(const ModbusCommandItem &other);
+      std::function<void(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data)> &&handler =
+          nullptr);
 
  protected:
-  // wrong commands (esp. custom commands) can block the send queue, limit the number of repeats.
-  /// How many times this command has been sent
-  uint8_t send_count_{0};
+  void set_command_(FunctionCode function_code, EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
+                    uint16_t register_count) {
+    this->function_code_ = function_code;
+    this->register_type_ = register_type;
+    this->start_address_ = start_address;
+    this->register_count_ = register_count;
+  }
+  EntityType register_type_{EntityType::CUSTOM};
+  uint16_t start_address_{0};
+  uint16_t register_count_{0};
+  FunctionCode function_code_{FunctionCode::CUSTOM};
+  /// Custom polling commands reference the PDU bytes owned by their SensorItem instead of copying them.
+  const SmallInlineBuffer<8> *custom_pdu_{nullptr};
+  ModbusController *controller_{nullptr};
 };
 
+/// Whether an offline probe is due this update cycle: every offline_skip_updates + 1 cycles,
+/// anchored at the cycle the device went offline. Pure so the cadence (including update_counter
+/// wraparound) can be unit tested; used by ModbusController::update().
+inline bool offline_retry_due(uint16_t update_counter, uint16_t module_offline_at, uint16_t offline_skip_updates) {
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(update_counter + 1 - module_offline_at) % (offline_skip_updates + 1) == 0;
+}
+
 /** Modbus controller class.
  *   Each instance handles the modbus commuinication for all sensors with the same modbus address
  *
@@ -279,39 +505,45 @@ class ModbusCommandItem {
  * Responses for the commands are dispatched to the modbus sensor items.
  */
 
-class ModbusController : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice {
+class ModbusController final : public PollingComponent {
  public:
+  // The controller is not itself a modbus device - its commands and writer entities send as their own
+  // devices, built against this hub + address.
+  ModbusController(modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : hub_(hub), address_(address) {}
+
   void dump_config() override;
-  void loop() override;
+  // No loop() override: the hub owns transmit/receive timing and each command routes its own
+  // response, so the controller never joins the looping components at all.
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
 
-  /// queues a modbus command in the send queue
-  void queue_command(const ModbusCommandItem &command);
+  /// The hub and modbus address this controller talks to. Used to build commands/entities that send as
+  /// their own device.
+  modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub() const { return this->hub_; }
+  uint8_t device_address() const { return this->address_; }
+
+  /// Queues a one-shot modbus command (writes, custom commands); taken by value, so std::move to avoid a copy.
+  void queue_command(ModbusCommandItem command);
+  /// Flags a finished one-shot command for removal. Called by the command as the last action of its own
+  /// callback, so the item is not destroyed here (send() and the hub still touch it) but swept later.
+  void unqueue_command(const ModbusCommandItem *command);
   /// Registers a sensor with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
   void add_sensor_item(SensorItem *item) { sensorset_.insert(item); }
-  /// called when a modbus response was parsed without errors
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
-  /// called when a modbus error response was received
-  void on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) override;
-  /// default delegate called by process_modbus_data when a response has retrieved from the incoming queue
-  void on_register_data(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  /// default delegate called by process_modbus_data when a response for a write response has retrieved from the
-  /// incoming queue
-  void on_write_register_response(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                  const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  /// Allow a duplicate command to be sent
-  void set_allow_duplicate_commands(bool allow_duplicate_commands) {
-    this->allow_duplicate_commands_ = allow_duplicate_commands;
+  /// Handles a write command acknowledgement (used by write command on_data_func handlers).
+  void on_write_register_response(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint8_t> data);
+  /// Update the online/offline state after a response or a run of timeouts, firing the callbacks.
+  void set_online(bool online, int function_code, int register_address);
+  /// Fire the on_command_sent trigger (called when a command's frame reaches the wire).
+  void command_sent(int function_code, int register_address) {
+    this->command_sent_callback_.call(function_code, register_address);
   }
-  /// get if a duplicate command can be sent
-  bool get_allow_duplicate_commands() { return this->allow_duplicate_commands_; }
-  /// called by esphome generated code to set the command_throttle period
-  void set_command_throttle(uint16_t command_throttle) { this->command_throttle_ = command_throttle; }
+  /// A command timed out; bump the consecutive-timeout counter used by can_send()/offline detection.
+  void increment_non_response_count() { this->cmd_non_responses_++; }
+  /// Whether more retries are allowed before the device is considered offline. Deliberately pooled
+  /// per device, not per command: online/offline is a property of the physical device.
+  bool can_send() { return this->cmd_non_responses_ <= this->max_cmd_retries_; }
   /// called by esphome generated code to set the offline_skip_updates
   void set_offline_skip_updates(uint16_t offline_skip_updates) { this->offline_skip_updates_ = offline_skip_updates; }
-  /// get the number of queued modbus commands (should be mostly empty)
-  size_t get_command_queue_length() { return command_queue_.size(); }
   /// get if the module is offline, didn't respond the last command
   bool get_module_offline() { return module_offline_; }
   /// Set callback for commands
@@ -330,40 +562,57 @@ class ModbusController : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDev
   void set_max_cmd_retries(uint8_t max_cmd_retries) { this->max_cmd_retries_ = max_cmd_retries; }
   /// get how many times a command will be (re)sent if no response is received
   uint8_t get_max_cmd_retries() { return this->max_cmd_retries_; }
+  /// called by esphome generated code with the read-side command options applied to every poll
+  void set_read_options(modbus::CommandOptions options) { this->read_options_ = options; }
+  /// the read-side command options applied to every poll
+  const modbus::CommandOptions &read_options() const { return this->read_options_; }
 
  protected:
   /// parse sensormap_ and create range of sequential addresses
-  size_t create_register_ranges_();
-  // find register in sensormap. Returns iterator with all registers having the same start address
-  SensorSet find_sensors_(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address) const;
-  /// submit the read command for the address range to the send queue
-  void update_range_(RegisterRange &r);
-  /// parse incoming modbus data
-  void process_modbus_data_(const ModbusCommandItem *response);
-  /// send the next modbus command from the send queue
-  bool send_next_command_();
-  /// dump the parsed sensormap for diagnostics
-  void dump_sensors_();
+  /// Group the registered sensors into contiguous ranges and create one polling command per range.
+  void create_polling_commands_();
+  /// build one persistent polling command from a range and add it to polling_command_items_
+  void create_polling_command_(RegisterRange &&range) {
+    // A custom range polls the first sensor's custom_pdu (referenced, not copied); the sensor constructor
+    // decodes the real function code. The response still dispatches to every sensor in the range.
+    if (range.register_type == EntityType::CUSTOM && !range.sensors.empty()) {
+      auto &cmd = this->polling_command_items_.emplace_back(*this, this->hub_, this->address_, *range.sensors.begin());
+      cmd.sensors = std::move(range.sensors);
+    } else {
+      this->polling_command_items_.emplace_back(*this, this->hub_, this->address_, std::move(range));
+    }
+  }
+  /// The hub this controller's commands/entities send through, and the modbus address they target.
+  modbus::ModbusClientHub *hub_{nullptr};
+  uint8_t address_{0};
   /// Collection of all sensors for this component
   SensorSet sensorset_;
-  /// Continuous range of modbus registers
-  std::vector<RegisterRange> register_ranges_{};
-  /// Hold the pending requests to be sent
-  std::list<std::unique_ptr<ModbusCommandItem>> command_queue_;
-  /// modbus response data waiting to get processed
-  std::queue<std::unique_ptr<ModbusCommandItem>> incoming_queue_;
-  /// if duplicate commands can be sent
-  bool allow_duplicate_commands_{false};
-  /// when was the last send operation
-  uint32_t last_command_timestamp_{0};
-  /// min time in ms between sending modbus commands
-  uint16_t command_throttle_{0};
+  /// One persistent command per register range, each its own ModbusClientDevice. Built once in setup()
+  /// (create_polling_commands_ feeds each range straight in; the vector may reallocate as it grows, which
+  /// is safe because no command has registered with the hub yet) and never appended to afterward, so the
+  /// hub's device pointers stay valid once commands start sending.
+  std::vector<ModbusCommandItem> polling_command_items_{};
+  /// Dynamically queued one-shot commands (writes, custom commands). std::list keeps stable addresses.
+  std::list<std::unique_ptr<ModbusCommandItem>> one_shot_command_items_;
+  /// Erases one-shot commands flagged by unqueue_command(). Safe even when reached from inside a hub
+  /// callback (via an on_online/on_offline/on_command_sent automation that queues a command): the
+  /// destructor detaches via clear_tx_queue_for_device(), which the hub allows from callbacks, and the
+  /// item running its callback is not flagged until that callback returns.
+  void sweep_completed_one_shots_();
   /// if module didn't respond the last command
   bool module_offline_{false};
+  /// update_counter_ value at which the module went offline (for offline_skip_updates timing)
+  uint16_t module_offline_at_{0};
+  /// counts update() cycles; drives the offline-retry cadence
+  uint16_t update_counter_{0};
+  /// consecutive non-responses; drives can_send() and offline detection
+  uint8_t cmd_non_responses_{0};
   /// how many updates to skip if module is offline
   uint16_t offline_skip_updates_{0};
   /// How many times we will retry a command if we get no response
   uint8_t max_cmd_retries_{4};
+  /// read-side command options applied to every poll
+  modbus::CommandOptions read_options_{};
   /// Command sent callback
   CallbackManager<void(int, int)> command_sent_callback_{};
   /// Server online callback
@@ -377,8 +626,8 @@ class ModbusController : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDev
  * @param item SensorItem object
  * @return float value of data
  */
-inline float payload_to_float(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, const SensorItem &item) {
-  int64_t number = modbus::helpers::payload_to_number(data, item.sensor_value_type, item.offset, item.bitmask);
+inline float payload_to_float(std::span<const uint8_t> data, const SensorItem &item, uint8_t offset) {
+  int64_t number = modbus::helpers::payload_to_number(data, item.sensor_value_type, offset, item.bitmask).value_or(0);
 
   float float_value;
   if (modbus::helpers::value_type_is_float(item.sensor_value_type)) {
@@ -390,4 +639,12 @@ inline float payload_to_float(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, const SensorItem
   return float_value;
 }
 
+// Remove before 2027.2.0 (window opened when this helper gained an explicit offset). item.offset is
+// the item's resolved position within its range's response, so this decodes the same bytes as passing
+// that offset explicitly.
+ESPDEPRECATED("Pass the offset explicitly: payload_to_float(data, item, item.offset). Removed in 2027.2.0", "2026.8.0")
+inline float payload_to_float(std::span<const uint8_t> data, const SensorItem &item) {
+  return payload_to_float(data, item, item.offset);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py
index 7563adfad9..6a5b7041b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import number
 from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
     MODBUS_WRITE_REGISTER_TYPE,
     SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
+    RegisterValues,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MULTIPLY,
     CONF_STEP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
@@ -20,14 +22,15 @@ from .. import (
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_BITMASK,
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
     CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
     CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA,
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ ModbusNumber = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_min_max(config):
+def validate_min_max(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MAX_VALUE] <= config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]:
         raise cv.Invalid("max_value must be greater than min_value")
     if config[CONF_MIN_VALUE] < -16777215:
@@ -52,10 +55,12 @@ def validate_min_max(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_modbus_number(config):
-    if CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND not in config and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
+def validate_modbus_number(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # custom_command is the deprecated alias for custom_pdu (migrated later in final validate).
+    has_custom = CONF_CUSTOM_PDU in config or CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND in config
+    if not has_custom and CONF_ADDRESS not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND}:' isn't used"
+            f" {CONF_ADDRESS} is a required property if '{CONF_CUSTOM_PDU}:' isn't used"
         )
     return config
 
@@ -83,8 +88,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_modbus_number,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
 
-async def to_code(config):
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
@@ -94,7 +101,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
         config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE],
         reg_count,
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
         config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
     )
 
@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             [
                 (ModbusNumber.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.float_, "x"),
-                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                (RegisterValues.operator("ref"), "payload"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(float),
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp
index 2c81dd6830..e890a2a9ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <vector>
 #include "modbus_number.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -10,8 +9,8 @@ static const char *const TAG = "modbus.number";
 // Maximum uint16_t registers to log in verbose hex output
 static constexpr size_t MODBUS_NUMBER_MAX_LOG_REGISTERS = 32;
 
-void ModbusNumber::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  float result = payload_to_float(data, *this) / this->multiply_by_;
+void ModbusNumber::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  float result = payload_to_float(data, *this, this->offset) / this->multiply_by_;
 
   // Is there a lambda registered
   // call it with the pre converted value and the raw data array
@@ -29,62 +28,73 @@ void ModbusNumber::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 void ModbusNumber::control(float value) {
-  ModbusCommandItem write_cmd;
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::RegisterValues data;
   float write_value = value;
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*(), override the value (return a value), or
+    // (deprecated) fill `data` with the register words to write.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, value, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      write_value = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      this->publish_state(value);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      // Deprecated buffer path (frozen): the lambda filled a legacy raw frame as words; pack it big-endian.
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("number"), this->start_address);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_uint16_size(MODBUS_NUMBER_MAX_LOG_REGISTERS)];
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Number write raw: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+      // Sized to hold RegisterValues at capacity, so a full buffer can never truncate into a valid frame.
+      StaticVector<uint8_t, modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2> bytes;
+      for (uint16_t word : data) {
+        const auto word_bytes = decode_value(word);
+        bytes.push_back(word_bytes[0]);
+        bytes.push_back(word_bytes[1]);
+      }
+      if (!this->send_raw_frame_deprecated_(std::span<const uint8_t>(bytes.data(), bytes.size()))) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+        return;
+      }
+      this->publish_state(value);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+    write_value = val.value();
   } else {
     write_value = this->multiply_by_ * write_value;
   }
 
-  if (!data.empty()) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_uint16_size(MODBUS_NUMBER_MAX_LOG_REGISTERS)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Number write raw: %s",
-             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
-    write_cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-        this->parent_, data,
-        [this, write_cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-          this->parent_->on_write_register_response(write_cmd.register_type, this->start_address, data);
-        });
-  } else {
-    data = modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(write_value, this->sensor_value_type);
+  modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(data, write_value, this->sensor_value_type);
+  // float_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW, so an empty payload must be caught before data[0] below.
+  if (data.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating number");
+    return;
+  }
 
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-             "Updating register: connected Sensor=%s start address=0x%X register count=%d new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
-             this->get_name().c_str(), this->start_address, this->register_count, value, write_value);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
+           "Updating register: connected Sensor=%s start address=0x%X register count=%d new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
+           this->get_name().c_str(), this->start_address, this->register_count, value, write_value);
 
-    // Create and send the write command
-    if (this->register_count == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
-      // since offset is in bytes and a register is 16 bits we get the start by adding offset/2
-      write_cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset / 2,
-                                                                 data[0]);
-    } else {
-      write_cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(
-          this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset / 2, this->register_count, data);
-    }
-    // publish new value
-    write_cmd.on_data_func = [this, write_cmd, value](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address,
-                                                      const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-      // gets called when the write command is ack'd from the device
-      this->parent_->on_write_register_response(write_cmd.register_type, start_address, data);
-      this->publish_state(value);
-    };
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->register_count == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
+    queued = this->write_single_register(this->write_address(), data[0]);
+  } else {
+    queued = this->write_multiple_registers(this->write_address(), data);
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(write_cmd);
   this->publish_state(value);
 }
 void ModbusNumber::dump_config() { LOG_NUMBER(TAG, "Modbus Number", this); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h
index dd8f418bfc..59c76e18f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/number/modbus_number.h
@@ -10,28 +10,27 @@ namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 using value_to_data_t = std::function<float>(float);
 
-class ModbusNumber : public number::Number, public Component, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusNumber final : public number::Number, public Component, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
-  ModbusNumber(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-               SensorValueType value_type, int register_count, uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+  ModbusNumber(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
+               SensorValueType value_type, int register_count, bool force_new_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = offset;
+    this->set_address(start_address);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
     this->register_count = register_count;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
   };
 
   void dump_config() override;
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   void set_write_multiply(float factor) { this->multiply_by_ = factor; }
 
-  using transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, std::vector<uint16_t> &);
+  using transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, std::span<const uint8_t>);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusNumber *, float, modbus::RegisterValues &);
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ class ModbusNumber : public number::Number, public Component, public SensorItem
   void control(float value) override;
   optional<transform_func_t> transform_func_{nullopt};
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   float multiply_by_{1.0};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py
index 27d212d58d..34a0f488ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
-from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
+from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
+    SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
+    PduBuffer,
+    RegisterValues,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_MULTIPLY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@ from .. import (
 )
 from ..const import (
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
@@ -37,8 +43,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
             {
                 cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusBinaryOutput),
                 cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_PDU): cv.invalid(
+                    "custom_pdu is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
+                ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.invalid(
-                    "custom_command is not supported for outputs"
+                    "custom_command is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -48,8 +57,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
             {
                 cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ModbusFloatOutput),
                 cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.positive_int,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_PDU): cv.invalid(
+                    "custom_pdu is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
+                ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND): cv.invalid(
-                    "custom_command is not supported for outputs"
+                    "custom_command is not supported for outputs; use a write_lambda instead"
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE_TYPE, default="U_WORD"): cv.enum(
                     SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
@@ -66,7 +78,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     # Binary Output
     write_template = None
@@ -82,7 +94,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 [
                     (ModbusBinaryOutput.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                     (cg.bool_, "x"),
-                    (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                    (PduBuffer.operator("ref"), "payload"),
                 ],
                 return_type=cg.optional.template(bool),
             )
@@ -102,7 +114,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 [
                     (ModbusFloatOutput.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                     (cg.float_, "x"),
-                    (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                    (RegisterValues.operator("ref"), "payload"),
                 ],
                 return_type=cg.optional.template(float),
             )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp
index 504e09a093..b05d3889fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <array>
+
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.output";
@@ -13,42 +15,67 @@ static constexpr size_t MODBUS_OUTPUT_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
  *
  */
 void ModbusFloatOutput::write_state(float value) {
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::RegisterValues data;
   auto original_value = value;
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*(), override the value (return a value), or
+    // (deprecated) fill `data` with the register words to write.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, value, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      value = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      // Deprecated buffer path (frozen): the lambda supplied the register words for the shared write below.
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("float output"), this->start_address);
+    } else if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+      value = val.value();
     }
   } else {
     value = this->multiply_by_ * value;
   }
-  // lambda didn't set payload
+
   if (data.empty()) {
-    data = modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(value, this->sensor_value_type);
+    modbus::helpers::float_to_payload(data, value, this->sensor_value_type);
   }
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Updating register: start address=0x%X register count=%d new value=%.02f (val=%.02f)",
            this->start_address, this->register_count, value, original_value);
 
-  // Create and send the write command
-  ModbusCommandItem write_cmd;
+  // The command declares register_count registers, so the payload must be exactly that many words;
+  // anything else would put a byte count on the wire that disagrees with the quantity field.
+  // number_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW, so an empty payload must be caught before data[0].
+  if (data.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating output");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // register_count declares the READ range width - it may pull neighboring registers into one poll -
+  // so a write covers exactly the registers the value occupies: the quantity comes from the payload,
+  // never from register_count (padding to it would zero registers the user only declared for reading).
+  // A payload wider than the declared range means the config and the lambda disagree - drop it.
+  if (data.size() > this->register_count) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload has %zu registers but register_count is %u; dropping write", data.size(),
+             this->register_count);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool queued;
   if (this->register_count == 1 && !this->use_write_multiple_) {
-    write_cmd =
-        ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, data[0]);
+    queued = this->write_single_register(this->write_address(), data[0]);
   } else {
-    write_cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset,
-                                                                 this->register_count, data);
+    queued = this->write_multiple_registers(this->write_address(), data);
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus output write (address 0x%X) was refused by the hub", this->write_address());
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(write_cmd);
 }
 
 void ModbusFloatOutput::dump_config() {
@@ -63,48 +90,52 @@ void ModbusFloatOutput::dump_config() {
 
 // ModbusBinaryOutput
 void ModbusBinaryOutput::write_state(bool state) {
-  // This will be called every time the user requests a state change.
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::helpers::PduBuffer data;
 
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*/queue_pdu(), override the value (return a value),
+    // or (deprecated) fill `data` with a custom PDU.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, state, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      state = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("binary output"), this->start_address);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_OUTPUT_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus binary output write raw: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+      // The lambda filled a legacy raw frame (device address + function code + data).
+      if (!this->send_raw_frame_deprecated_(data)) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus output write (address 0x%X) was refused by the hub", this->write_address());
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+    state = val.value();
   }
-  if (!data.empty()) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_OUTPUT_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus binary output write raw: %s",
-             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
-    cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-        this->parent_, data,
-        [this, cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-          this->parent_->on_write_register_response(cmd.register_type, this->start_address, data);
-        });
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write new state: value is %s, type is %d address = %X, offset = %x", ONOFF(state),
+           (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
+  // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
+    std::array<bool, 1> states{state};
+    queued = this->write_multiple_coils(this->write_address(), states);
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write new state: value is %s, type is %d address = %X, offset = %x", ONOFF(state),
-             (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
-
-    // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
-    if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
-      std::vector<bool> states{state};
-      cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, states);
-    } else {
-      cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_coil(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, state);
-    }
+    queued = this->write_single_coil(this->write_address(), state);
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus output write (address 0x%X) was refused by the hub", this->write_address());
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(cmd);
 }
 
 void ModbusBinaryOutput::dump_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h
index c5323e3bf3..b942dcea62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/output/modbus_output.h
@@ -8,27 +8,24 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusFloatOutput : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusFloatOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
   ModbusFloatOutput(uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, SensorValueType value_type, int register_count) {
-    this->register_type = ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = offset;
+    this->register_type = modbus::EntityType::HOLDING;
+    this->set_address(start_address + offset);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
     this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     this->register_count = register_count;
     this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
-    this->skip_updates = 0;
-    this->start_address += offset;
-    this->offset = 0;
   }
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   void set_write_multiply(float factor) { this->multiply_by_ = factor; }
   // Do nothing
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override{};
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override{};
 
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusFloatOutput *, float, std::vector<uint16_t> &);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusFloatOutput *, float, modbus::RegisterValues &);
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
 
@@ -36,30 +33,28 @@ class ModbusFloatOutput : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, public S
   void write_state(float value) override;
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
 
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   float multiply_by_{1.0};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
 };
 
-class ModbusBinaryOutput : public output::BinaryOutput, public Component, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusBinaryOutput final : public output::BinaryOutput, public Component, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
   ModbusBinaryOutput(uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset) {
-    this->register_type = ModbusRegisterType::COIL;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
+    this->register_type = modbus::EntityType::COIL;
+    // A coil offset is a coil count; fold it into the address.
+    this->set_address(start_address + offset);
     this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::BIT;
-    this->skip_updates = 0;
     this->register_count = 1;
-    this->start_address += offset;
-    this->offset = 0;
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
   }
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   // Do nothing
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override{};
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override{};
 
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusBinaryOutput *, bool, std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusBinaryOutput *, bool, modbus::helpers::PduBuffer &);
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
 
@@ -67,7 +62,6 @@ class ModbusBinaryOutput : public output::BinaryOutput, public Component, public
   void write_state(bool state) override;
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
 
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py
index 334a4dfd76..07893e3303 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
-from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE, TYPE_REGISTER_MAP
+from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import (
+    SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
+    TYPE_REGISTER_MAP,
+    RegisterValues,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_OPTIMISTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import ModbusController, SensorItem, modbus_controller_ns
+from .. import (
+    ModbusController,
+    SensorItem,
+    modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_skip_updates_deprecated,
+)
 from ..const import (
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
@@ -24,8 +37,8 @@ ModbusSelect = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def ensure_option_map():
-    def validator(value):
+def ensure_option_map() -> Callable[[Any], dict[str, int]]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> dict[str, int]:
         cv.check_not_templatable(value)
         option = cv.All(cv.string_strict)
         mapping = cv.All(cv.int_range(-(2**63), 2**63 - 1))
@@ -42,7 +55,7 @@ def ensure_option_map():
     return validator
 
 
-def register_count_value_type_min(value):
+def register_count_value_type_min(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     reg_count = value.get(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT)
     if reg_count is not None:
         value_type = value[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
@@ -69,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 INTEGER_SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT): cv.positive_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SKIP_UPDATES): validate_skip_updates_deprecated,
             cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Required(CONF_OPTIONSMAP): ensure_option_map(),
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -82,7 +95,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     value_type = config[CONF_VALUE_TYPE]
     reg_count = config.get(CONF_REGISTER_COUNT)
     if reg_count is None:
@@ -95,7 +108,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         value_type,
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         reg_count,
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
         config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
         list(options_map.values()),
     )
@@ -115,10 +127,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             [
                 (ModbusSelect.operator("const_ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.int64, "x"),
-                (
-                    cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8).operator("const").operator("ref"),
-                    "data",
-                ),
+                (cg.std_span.template(cg.uint8.operator("const")), "data"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(cg.std_string),
         )
@@ -131,7 +140,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 (ModbusSelect.operator("const_ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.std_string.operator("const").operator("ref"), "x"),
                 (cg.int64, "value"),
-                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint16).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                (RegisterValues.operator("ref"), "payload"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(cg.int64),
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
index 859828f5f6..c1cc241d6b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.select";
 
 void ModbusSelect::dump_config() { LOG_SELECT(TAG, "Modbus Controller Select", this); }
 
-void ModbusSelect::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  int64_t value = modbus::helpers::payload_to_number(data, this->sensor_value_type, this->offset, this->bitmask);
+void ModbusSelect::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  int64_t value =
+      modbus::helpers::payload_to_number(data, this->sensor_value_type, this->offset, this->bitmask).value_or(0);
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "New select value %lld from payload", value);
 
@@ -45,42 +46,65 @@ void ModbusSelect::control(size_t index) {
   const char *option = this->option_at(index);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found value %lld for option '%s'", *mapval, option);
 
-  std::vector<uint16_t> data;
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::RegisterValues data;
 
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // Transform func requires string parameter for backward compatibility
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*(), override the mapping value (return a value),
+    // or (deprecated) fill `data` with the register words to write. Transform func requires string parameter
+    // for backward compatibility.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, std::string(option), *mapval, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      mapval = val;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_lambda returned mapping value %lld", *mapval);
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      if (this->optimistic_)
+        this->publish_state(index);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      // Deprecated buffer path (frozen): the lambda supplied the register words for the shared write below.
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("select"), this->start_address);
+    } else if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Communication handled by write_lambda - exiting control");
       return;
+    } else {
+      mapval = val;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_lambda returned mapping value %lld", *mapval);
     }
   }
 
   if (data.empty()) {
     modbus::helpers::number_to_payload(data, *mapval, this->sensor_value_type);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using payload from write lambda");
+    // number_to_payload() appends nothing for RAW.
+    if (data.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating select");
+      return;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (data.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No payload was created for updating select");
+  // register_count declares the READ range width - it may pull neighboring registers into one poll -
+  // so a write covers exactly the registers the value occupies: the quantity comes from the payload,
+  // never from register_count (padding to it would zero registers the user only declared for reading).
+  // A payload wider than the declared range means the config and the lambda disagree - drop it.
+  if (data.size() > this->register_count) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload has %zu registers but register_count is %u; dropping write", data.size(),
+             this->register_count);
     return;
   }
 
-  const uint16_t write_address = this->start_address + this->offset / 2;
-  ModbusCommandItem write_cmd;
+  const uint16_t write_address = this->write_address();
+  bool queued;
   if ((this->register_count == 1) && (!this->use_write_multiple_)) {
-    write_cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, write_address, data[0]);
+    queued = this->write_single_register(write_address, data[0]);
   } else {
-    write_cmd =
-        ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(this->parent_, write_address, this->register_count, data);
+    queued = this->write_multiple_registers(write_address, data);
   }
 
-  this->parent_->queue_command(write_cmd);
-
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
   if (this->optimistic_)
     this->publish_state(index);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h
index a736abd0db..c6ac76a45b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.h
@@ -9,39 +9,37 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusSelect : public Component, public select::Select, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusSelect final : public Component, public select::Select, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
-  ModbusSelect(SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t register_count, uint16_t skip_updates,
-               bool force_new_range, std::vector<int64_t> mapping) {
-    this->register_type = ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING;  // not configurable
+  ModbusSelect(SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t register_count, bool force_new_range,
+               std::vector<int64_t> mapping) {
+    this->register_type = modbus::EntityType::HOLDING;  // not configurable
     this->sensor_value_type = sensor_value_type;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = 0;            // not configurable
-    this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;  // not configurable
+    this->set_address(start_address);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);  // not configurable
+    this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;              // not configurable
     this->register_count = register_count;
     this->response_bytes = 0;  // not configurable
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
     this->mapping_ = std::move(mapping);
   }
 
-  using transform_func_t = optional<std::string> (*)(ModbusSelect *const, int64_t, const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using transform_func_t = optional<std::string> (*)(ModbusSelect *const, int64_t, std::span<const uint8_t>);
   using write_transform_func_t = optional<int64_t> (*)(ModbusSelect *const, const std::string &, int64_t,
-                                                       std::vector<uint16_t> &);
+                                                       modbus::RegisterValues &);
 
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *const parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *const parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
   void set_optimistic(bool optimistic) { this->optimistic_ = optimistic; }
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
 
   void dump_config() override;
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
   void control(size_t index) override;
 
  protected:
   std::vector<int64_t> mapping_{};
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
   bool optimistic_{false};
   optional<transform_func_t> transform_func_{nullopt};
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py
index 5b72586c66..2c34ef04b4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from .. import (
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 from ..const import (
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ from ..const import (
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
     CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
 )
 
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
     byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
@@ -56,7 +58,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
         value_type,
         reg_count,
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
         config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.cpp
index 559724057a..b2bc2b5fd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.sensor";
 
 void ModbusSensor::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR(TAG, "Modbus Controller Sensor", this); }
 
-void ModbusSensor::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  float result = payload_to_float(data, *this);
+void ModbusSensor::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+  float result = payload_to_float(data, *this, this->offset);
 
   // Is there a lambda registered
   // call it with the pre converted value and the raw data array
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h
index 2e6967b07c..68dc9e6fcc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/modbus_sensor.h
@@ -4,27 +4,26 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusSensor : public Component, public sensor::Sensor, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusSensor final : public Component, public sensor::Sensor, public SensorItem {
  public:
-  ModbusSensor(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-               SensorValueType value_type, int register_count, uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+  ModbusSensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
+               SensorValueType value_type, int register_count, bool force_new_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = offset;
+    this->set_address(start_address);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = value_type;
     this->register_count = register_count;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
   }
 
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  using transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusSensor *, float, const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using transform_func_t = optional<float> (*)(ModbusSensor *, float, std::span<const uint8_t>);
 
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py
index a40c15ab92..c52067f941 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
-from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE
+from esphome.components.modbus.helpers import MODBUS_REGISTER_TYPE, PduBuffer
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ASSUMED_STATE, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     ModbusItemBaseSchema,
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ from .. import (
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 from ..const import (
@@ -17,7 +19,6 @@ from ..const import (
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
     CONF_USE_WRITE_MULTIPLE,
     CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA,
 )
@@ -45,8 +46,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
 
-async def to_code(config):
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     byte_offset, _ = modbus_calc_properties(config)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
@@ -54,7 +57,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_ADDRESS],
         byte_offset,
         config[CONF_BITMASK],
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
         config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             [
                 (ModbusSwitch.operator("ptr"), "item"),
                 (cg.bool_, "x"),
-                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8).operator("ref"), "payload"),
+                (PduBuffer.operator("ref"), "payload"),
             ],
             return_type=cg.optional.template(bool),
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp
index 044ca2f8cc..c942ff1e6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <array>
+
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.switch";
@@ -27,16 +29,17 @@ void ModbusSwitch::set_assumed_state(bool assumed_state) { this->assumed_state_
 
 bool ModbusSwitch::assumed_state() { return this->assumed_state_; }
 
-void ModbusSwitch::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void ModbusSwitch::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   bool value = false;
+  // For coils/discrete inputs this is the bit index; for registers it is the byte offset.
+  const size_t offset = this->offset;
   switch (this->register_type) {
-    case ModbusRegisterType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
-    case ModbusRegisterType::COIL:
-      // offset for coil is the actual number of the coil not the byte offset
-      value = modbus::helpers::coil_from_vector(this->offset, data);
+    case modbus::EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT:
+    case modbus::EntityType::COIL:
+      value = modbus::helpers::bit_from_packed(offset, data);
       break;
     default:
-      value = modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, this->offset) & this->bitmask;
+      value = modbus::helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data.data(), offset) & this->bitmask;
       break;
   }
 
@@ -51,64 +54,70 @@ void ModbusSwitch::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Publish '%s': new value = %s type = %d address = %X offset = %x", this->get_name().c_str(),
-           ONOFF(value), (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Publish '%s': new value = %s type = %d address = %X offset = %zx", this->get_name().c_str(),
+           ONOFF(value), (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, offset);
   this->publish_state(value);
 }
 
 void ModbusSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
-  // This will be called every time the user requests a state change.
-  ModbusCommandItem cmd;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
-  // Is there are lambda configured?
+  this->clear_dispatched_();
+  // A new write supersedes this entity's own not-yet-sent writes: drop them (and detach any in-flight one)
+  // so a rapidly-changing value writes the latest, not every intermediate.
+  this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  modbus::helpers::PduBuffer data;
   if (this->write_transform_func_.has_value()) {
-    // data is passed by reference
-    // the lambda can fill the empty vector directly
-    // in that case the return value is ignored
+    // The lambda may drive the write itself via item->write_*/queue_pdu(), override the written value (return a
+    // value), or (deprecated) fill `data` with a custom PDU.
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, state, data);
-    if (val.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
-      state = val.value();
-    } else {
+    if (this->dispatched()) {
+      this->publish_state(state);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!data.empty()) {
+      this->warn_write_buffer_deprecated_(LOG_STR("switch"), this->start_address);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_SWITCH_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Switch write raw: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+      // The lambda filled a legacy raw frame (device address + function code + data).
+      if (!this->send_raw_frame_deprecated_(data)) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+        return;
+      }
+      this->publish_state(state);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!val.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Communication handled by lambda - exiting control");
       return;
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Value overwritten by lambda");
+    state = val.value();
   }
-  if (!data.empty()) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_SWITCH_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus Switch write raw: %s",
-             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
-    cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_custom_command(
-        this->parent_, data,
-        [this, cmd](ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-          this->parent_->on_write_register_response(cmd.register_type, this->start_address, data);
-        });
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_state '%s': new value = %s type = %d address = %X offset = %x", this->get_name().c_str(),
-             ONOFF(state), (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
-    if (this->register_type == ModbusRegisterType::COIL) {
-      // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
-      if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
-        std::vector<bool> states{state};
-        cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, states);
-      } else {
-        cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_coil(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset, state);
-      }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_state '%s': new value = %s type = %d address = %X offset = %x", this->get_name().c_str(),
+           ONOFF(state), (int) this->register_type, this->start_address, this->offset);
+  bool queued;
+  if (this->register_type == EntityType::COIL) {
+    // offset for coil and discrete inputs is the coil/register number not bytes
+    if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
+      std::array<bool, 1> states{state};
+      queued = this->write_multiple_coils(this->write_address(), states);
     } else {
-      // since offset is in bytes and a register is 16 bits we get the start by adding offset/2
-      if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
-        std::vector<uint16_t> bool_states(1, state ? (0xFFFF & this->bitmask) : 0);
-        cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_command(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset / 2, 1,
-                                                               bool_states);
-      } else {
-        cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_single_command(this->parent_, this->start_address + this->offset / 2,
-                                                             state ? 0xFFFF & this->bitmask : 0u);
-      }
+      queued = this->write_single_coil(this->write_address(), state);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (this->use_write_multiple_) {
+      std::array<uint16_t, 1> states{static_cast<uint16_t>(state ? (0xFFFF & this->bitmask) : 0)};
+      queued = this->write_multiple_registers(this->write_address(), states);
+    } else {
+      queued = this->write_single_register(this->write_address(), state ? 0xFFFF & this->bitmask : 0u);
     }
   }
-  this->parent_->queue_command(cmd);
+  if (!queued) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus write for '%s' was refused by the hub; state not published", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
   this->publish_state(state);
 }
 // ModbusSwitch end
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h
index 541a23706d..1d3d03919f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/modbus_switch.h
@@ -8,20 +8,19 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
-class ModbusSwitch : public Component, public switch_::Switch, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusSwitch final : public Component, public switch_::Switch, public SensorItem, public WriterEntity {
  public:
-  ModbusSwitch(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
-               uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+  ModbusSwitch(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint32_t bitmask,
+               bool force_new_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = offset;
+    this->set_address(start_address);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->bitmask = bitmask;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::BIT;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->register_count = 1;
-    if (register_type == ModbusRegisterType::HOLDING || register_type == ModbusRegisterType::COIL) {
-      this->start_address += offset;
-      this->offset = 0;
+    if (register_type == modbus::EntityType::HOLDING || register_type == modbus::EntityType::COIL) {
+      this->set_address(this->start_address + offset);
+      this->set_offset_from_start_address(0);
     }
     this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
   };
@@ -30,18 +29,17 @@ class ModbusSwitch : public Component, public switch_::Switch, public SensorItem
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_assumed_state(bool assumed_state);
   void set_state(bool state) { this->state = state; }
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
-  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
+  void set_parent(ModbusController *parent) { this->set_controller_(parent); }
 
-  using transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
-  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  using transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, std::span<const uint8_t>);
+  using write_transform_func_t = optional<bool> (*)(ModbusSwitch *, bool, modbus::helpers::PduBuffer &);
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->publish_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_write_template(write_transform_func_t f) { this->write_transform_func_ = f; }
   void set_use_write_mutiple(bool use_write_multiple) { this->use_write_multiple_ = use_write_multiple; }
 
  protected:
   bool assumed_state() override;
-  ModbusController *parent_{nullptr};
   bool use_write_multiple_{false};
   optional<transform_func_t> publish_transform_func_{nullopt};
   optional<write_transform_func_t> write_transform_func_{nullopt};
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 93ecd31168..31f5f87a98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from .. import (
     add_modbus_base_properties,
     modbus_calc_properties,
     modbus_controller_ns,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 from ..const import (
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ from ..const import (
     CONF_REGISTER_COUNT,
     CONF_REGISTER_TYPE,
     CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE,
-    CONF_SKIP_UPDATES,
 )
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["modbus_controller"]
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_modbus_register,
 )
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_custom_pdu_item
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
     byte_offset, reg_count = modbus_calc_properties(config)
@@ -70,7 +72,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         reg_count,
         config[CONF_RESPONSE_SIZE],
         config[CONF_RAW_ENCODE],
-        config[CONF_SKIP_UPDATES],
         config[CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE],
     )
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.cpp
index 5626515638..31b3fb3e55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ static const char *const TAG = "modbus_controller.text_sensor";
 
 void ModbusTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Modbus Controller Text Sensor", this); }
 
-void ModbusTextSensor::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void ModbusTextSensor::parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   std::string output_str{};
   uint8_t items_left = this->response_bytes;
-  uint8_t index = this->offset;
+  const size_t start_offset = this->offset;
+  size_t index = start_offset;
   while ((items_left > 0) && index < data.size()) {
     uint8_t b = data[index];
     switch (this->encode_) {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ void ModbusTextSensor::parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
       case RawEncoding::COMMA: {
         // max 5: optional ','(1) + uint8(3) + null, for both ",%d" and "%d"
         char dec_buf[5];
-        snprintf(dec_buf, sizeof(dec_buf), index != this->offset ? ",%d" : "%d", b);
+        snprintf(dec_buf, sizeof(dec_buf), index != start_offset ? ",%d" : "%d", b);
         output_str += dec_buf;
         break;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h
index a99fea5860..9e8dce57e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/modbus_textsensor.h
@@ -4,23 +4,22 @@
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_controller {
 
 enum class RawEncoding { NONE = 0, HEXBYTES = 1, COMMA = 2, ANSI = 3 };
 
-class ModbusTextSensor : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public SensorItem {
+class ModbusTextSensor final : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public SensorItem {
  public:
-  ModbusTextSensor(ModbusRegisterType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint8_t register_count,
-                   uint16_t response_bytes, RawEncoding encode, uint16_t skip_updates, bool force_new_range) {
+  ModbusTextSensor(modbus::EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, uint8_t offset, uint8_t register_count,
+                   uint16_t response_bytes, RawEncoding encode, bool force_new_range) {
     this->register_type = register_type;
-    this->start_address = start_address;
-    this->offset = offset;
+    this->set_address(start_address);
+    this->set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
     this->response_bytes = response_bytes;
     this->register_count = register_count;
     this->encode_ = encode;
-    this->skip_updates = skip_updates;
     this->bitmask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     this->sensor_value_type = SensorValueType::RAW;
     this->force_new_range = force_new_range;
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ class ModbusTextSensor : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor, publi
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  void parse_and_publish(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
-  using transform_func_t = optional<std::string> (*)(ModbusTextSensor *, std::string, const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> data) override;
+  using transform_func_t = optional<std::string> (*)(ModbusTextSensor *, std::string, std::span<const uint8_t>);
   void set_template(transform_func_t f) { this->transform_func_ = f; }
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py
index 14f4ca8a4d..0de40a4cc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
     CONF_ALLOW_PARTIAL_READ,
+    CONF_BITS,
     CONF_COURTESY_RESPONSE,
     CONF_READ_LAMBDA,
     CONF_REGISTER_LAST_ADDRESS,
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ ModbusServer = modbus_server_ns.class_(
 
 ServerCourtesyResponse = modbus_server_ns.struct("ServerCourtesyResponse")
 ServerRegister = modbus_server_ns.struct("ServerRegister")
+ServerBit = modbus_server_ns.class_("ServerBit")
 
 SERVER_COURTESY_RESPONSE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
@@ -64,6 +66,32 @@ ModbusServerRegisterSchema = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
+ModbusServerBitSchema = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ServerBit),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.hex_uint16_t,
+        cv.Required(CONF_READ_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA): cv.returning_lambda,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _validate_unique_bit_addresses(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Coils and discrete inputs share one bit address space (like holding/input registers share the
+    # register table), so each bit address may appear only once.
+    seen: set[int] = set()
+    for bit in config.get(CONF_BITS, []):
+        address = bit[CONF_ADDRESS]
+        if address in seen:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Bit address 0x{address:04X} is configured more than once; coils and discrete "
+                "inputs share one bit address space, so each address must be unique",
+                path=[CONF_BITS],
+            )
+        seen.add(address)
+    return config
+
+
 def _validate_register_ranges(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Each register occupies [address, address + register_count); the whole span must fit inside the 16-bit
     # Modbus address space (0x0000-0xFFFF).
@@ -107,21 +135,23 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_REGISTERS,
             ): cv.ensure_list(ModbusServerRegisterSchema),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BITS): cv.ensure_list(ModbusServerBitSchema),
         }
     ).extend(modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01, role="server")),
     _validate_register_ranges,
     _validate_no_overlapping_registers,
+    _validate_unique_bit_addresses,
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_server", role="server")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("modbus_server", role="server")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     if server_courtesy_response := config.get(CONF_COURTESY_RESPONSE):
         cg.add(
@@ -152,7 +182,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                     await cg.process_lambda(
                         server_register[CONF_READ_LAMBDA],
                         [(cg.uint16, "address")],
-                        return_type=cpp_type,
+                        return_type=cg.optional.template(cpp_type),
                     ),
                 )
             )
@@ -170,5 +200,27 @@ async def to_code(config):
             if server_register[CONF_ALLOW_PARTIAL_READ]:
                 cg.add(server_register_var.set_allow_partial_read(True))
             cg.add(var.add_server_register(server_register_var))
+    for server_bit in config.get(CONF_BITS, []):
+        server_bit_var = cg.new_Pvariable(server_bit[CONF_ID], server_bit[CONF_ADDRESS])
+        cg.add(
+            server_bit_var.set_read_lambda(
+                await cg.process_lambda(
+                    server_bit[CONF_READ_LAMBDA],
+                    [(cg.uint16, "address")],
+                    return_type=cg.optional.template(cg.bool_),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+        if (write_lambda := server_bit.get(CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA)) is not None:
+            cg.add(
+                server_bit_var.set_write_lambda(
+                    await cg.process_lambda(
+                        write_lambda,
+                        parameters=[(cg.uint16, "address"), (cg.bool_, "x")],
+                        return_type=cg.bool_,
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        cg.add(var.add_server_bit(server_bit_var))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return await modbus.register_modbus_server_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py b/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py
index f2a8c53f45..86366c7ce0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/const.py
@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ CONF_COURTESY_RESPONSE = "courtesy_response"
 CONF_READ_LAMBDA = "read_lambda"
 CONF_WRITE_LAMBDA = "write_lambda"
 CONF_REGISTERS = "registers"
+CONF_BITS = "bits"
 CONF_ALLOW_PARTIAL_READ = "allow_partial_read"
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp
index 44b1b160a5..feb0e67725 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_server {
-using modbus::ModbusExceptionCode;
+using modbus::ExceptionCode;
 using modbus::helpers::registers_to_number;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_server";
@@ -27,13 +27,18 @@ ServerRegister *ModbusServer::find_containing_register_(uint32_t address) const
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t start_address,
-                                                                    uint16_t number_of_registers,
-                                                                    modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                       modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
            "Received read holding/input registers for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: 0x%X.",
            this->address_, start_address, number_of_registers);
 
+  // No registers configured (e.g. a bits-only server) and no courtesy default: this device does not implement
+  // the register-read function, so answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION. A populated map with a wrong address answers
+  // ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS below.
+  if (this->server_registers_.empty() && !this->server_courtesy_response_.enabled)
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
   const uint32_t end_address = static_cast<uint32_t>(start_address) + number_of_registers;
   uint32_t current_address = start_address;
   while (current_address < end_address) {
@@ -51,13 +56,13 @@ modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t sta
       }
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No register at 0x%04X and courtesy default not allowed. Sending exception response.",
                static_cast<uint16_t>(current_address));
-      return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
     }
 
     if (!server_register->read_lambda) {
       // Registered but not readable (write-only); don't mask it with the courtesy default.
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register at 0x%04X is not readable. Sending exception response.", server_register->address);
-      return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
     }
 
     // A multi-register value is normally atomic: the request must start at its first register and cover all of
@@ -73,10 +78,16 @@ modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t sta
                "Read clips the multi-register value at 0x%04X, which does not allow partial reads. "
                "Sending exception response.",
                server_register->address);
-      return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
     }
 
-    int64_t value = server_register->read_lambda();
+    const optional<int64_t> read_value = server_register->read_lambda();
+    if (!read_value.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register read at 0x%04X declined to produce a value. Sending exception response.",
+               server_register->address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+    const int64_t value = *read_value;
     char value_buf[ServerRegister::FORMAT_VALUE_BUF_SIZE];
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Matched register. Address: 0x%02X. Value type: %zu. Register count: %u. Value: %s.",
              server_register->address, static_cast<size_t>(server_register->value_type),
@@ -90,7 +101,7 @@ modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t sta
       // The value encoded to fewer words than its register span (e.g. a RAW register); treat as a device fault.
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Register at 0x%04X did not encode to %u registers", server_register->address,
                server_register->register_count);
-      return ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
     }
     for (uint16_t i = 0; i < take; i++) {
       registers.push_back(value_words[value_offset + i]);
@@ -101,12 +112,17 @@ modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t sta
   return {};
 }
 
-modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
-                                                                     const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
+                                                        const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
   // registers holds the values to write in host byte order; its size is the register count.
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received write registers for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: 0x%zX.",
            this->address_, start_address, registers.size());
 
+  // No registers configured (e.g. a bits-only server): this device does not implement the register-write
+  // function, so answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION rather than ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+  if (this->server_registers_.empty())
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
   auto for_each_register =
       [this, start_address,
        &registers](const std::function<bool(ServerRegister *, uint16_t register_offset)> &callback) -> bool {
@@ -133,21 +149,22 @@ modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t st
   // so we never apply a partial write before discovering a problem. The commit pass below re-runs
   // registers_to_number rather than caching the decoded values: using the same function for the check and
   // the write keeps a single source of truth for the decode bound, independent of how register_count was set.
-  ModbusExceptionCode precheck = ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;  // unmatched or unwritable register
+  ExceptionCode precheck = ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;  // unmatched or unwritable register
   if (!for_each_register([&precheck, &registers](ServerRegister *server_register, uint16_t register_offset) -> bool {
         if (server_register->write_lambda == nullptr) {
           return false;  // unwritable -> ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS
         }
-        bool error = false;
-        registers_to_number(registers.data() + register_offset, registers.size() - register_offset,
-                            server_register->value_type, &error);
-        if (error) {
-          precheck = ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;  // request doesn't supply the full value
+        if (!registers_to_number(registers.data() + register_offset, registers.size() - register_offset,
+                                 server_register->value_type)
+                 .has_value()) {
+          precheck = ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;  // request doesn't supply the full value
           return false;
         }
         return true;
       })) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write request rejected before applying any register. Sending exception response.");
+    // Only VERBOSE: one handler serves both addressed and broadcast writes, and rejecting a broadcast for
+    // registers this device does not map is routine. The hub logs the outcome with the context it has.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write request rejected before applying any register.");
     return precheck;
   }
 
@@ -155,17 +172,95 @@ modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t st
   // rejecting the value at runtime -- which cannot be rolled back.
   if (!for_each_register([&registers](ServerRegister *server_register, uint16_t register_offset) {
         int64_t number = registers_to_number(registers.data() + register_offset, registers.size() - register_offset,
-                                             server_register->value_type);
+                                             server_register->value_type)
+                             .value_or(0);
         return server_register->write_lambda(number);
       })) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "A register write callback failed mid-sequence; earlier writes were already applied.");
-    return ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
   }
 
   // Success: the caller builds the write response (an echo of the request header).
   return {};
 }
 
+ServerBit *ModbusServer::find_bit_(uint16_t address) const {
+  for (auto *server_bit : this->server_bits_) {
+    if (server_bit->address == address) {
+      return server_bit;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, modbus::MutablePackedBits bits) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received read coils/discrete inputs for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Count: 0x%X.",
+           this->address_, start_address, bits.size());
+
+  // No bits configured: this device does not implement the coil/discrete-input function, so answer
+  // ILLEGAL_FUNCTION. A populated table with a wrong address answers ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS below.
+  if (this->server_bits_.empty())
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+    const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(start_address + i);  // range pre-checked by the hub
+    ServerBit *server_bit = this->find_bit_(address);
+    if (server_bit == nullptr || !server_bit->read_lambda) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No readable bit at 0x%04X. Sending exception response.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+    }
+    const optional<bool> value = server_bit->read_lambda(address);
+    if (!value.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bit read at 0x%04X declined to produce a value. Sending exception response.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+    bits.set(i, *value);
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+modbus::ResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received write coils for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Count: 0x%X.", this->address_,
+           start_address, bits.size());
+
+  // No bits configured: this device does not implement the coil function, so answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION rather
+  // than ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+  if (this->server_bits_.empty())
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+
+  // Pre-flight: every targeted bit must exist and be writable, so we never apply a partial write
+  // before discovering a problem (mirrors the register write's two passes).
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+    const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(start_address + i);
+    ServerBit *server_bit = this->find_bit_(address);
+    if (server_bit == nullptr || !server_bit->write_lambda) {
+      // Only VERBOSE: one handler serves both addressed and broadcast writes, and rejecting a broadcast for
+      // bits this device does not map is routine. The hub logs the outcome with the context it has.
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "No writable bit at 0x%04X; write request rejected before applying any bit.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Commit: the pre-flight above proved every address resolves to a writable bit. Re-resolve here rather
+  // than caching up to MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE pointers (a per-request heap allocation), matching the
+  // register write's two-pass shape -- but guard the pointer anyway, so a future change to the pre-flight
+  // can never turn this into a silent null dereference. The only expected failure is a write callback
+  // rejecting the value at runtime, which cannot be rolled back.
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++) {
+    const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(start_address + i);
+    ServerBit *server_bit = this->find_bit_(address);
+    if (server_bit == nullptr || !server_bit->write_lambda) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bit at 0x%04X unresolved between pre-flight and commit; aborting write.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+    if (!server_bit->write_lambda(address, bits[i])) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bit write callback failed at 0x%04X mid-sequence; earlier writes were already applied.", address);
+      return ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
 void ModbusServer::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "ModbusServer:\n"
@@ -183,6 +278,11 @@ void ModbusServer::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Address=0x%02X value_type=%u register_count=%u", r->address,
                   static_cast<uint8_t>(r->value_type), r->register_count);
   }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "server bits");
+  for (auto &b : this->server_bits_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Address=0x%04X readable=%s writable=%s", b->address, b->read_lambda ? "true" : "false",
+                  b->write_lambda ? "true" : "false");
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h
index f68d1c4a30..22903abfad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct ServerCourtesyResponse {
 };
 
 class ServerRegister {
-  using ReadLambda = std::function<int64_t()>;
+  using ReadLambda = std::function<optional<int64_t>()>;
   using WriteLambda = std::function<bool(int64_t value)>;
 
  public:
@@ -30,13 +30,18 @@ class ServerRegister {
     this->register_count = register_count;
   }
 
-  template<typename T> void set_read_lambda(const std::function<T(uint16_t address)> &&user_read_lambda) {
-    this->read_lambda = [this, user_read_lambda]() -> int64_t {
-      T user_value = user_read_lambda(this->address);
+  /// The user lambda returns optional<T>: an empty optional declines the read, answering the whole
+  /// request with a SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE exception. Plain values convert implicitly.
+  template<typename T> void set_read_lambda(const std::function<optional<T>(uint16_t address)> &&user_read_lambda) {
+    this->read_lambda = [this, user_read_lambda]() -> optional<int64_t> {
+      const optional<T> user_value = user_read_lambda(this->address);
+      if (!user_value.has_value()) {
+        return {};
+      }
       if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
-        return bit_cast<uint32_t>(user_value);
+        return bit_cast<uint32_t>(*user_value);
       } else {
-        return static_cast<int64_t>(user_value);
+        return static_cast<int64_t>(*user_value);
       }
     };
   }
@@ -61,6 +66,7 @@ class ServerRegister {
   const char *format_value(int64_t value, char *buf, size_t buf_size) const {
     switch (this->value_type) {
       case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
+      case SensorValueType::U_WORD_S:
       case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
       case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
       case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
@@ -68,6 +74,7 @@ class ServerRegister {
         buf_append_printf(buf, buf_size, 0, "%" PRIu64, static_cast<uint64_t>(value));
         return buf;
       case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
+      case SensorValueType::S_WORD_S:
       case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
       case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R:
       case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
@@ -95,18 +102,43 @@ class ServerRegister {
   WriteLambda write_lambda;
 };
 
-class ModbusServer : public Component, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
+/// A single bit in the server's coil/discrete-input table. Coils (0x01/0x05/0x0F) and discrete
+/// inputs (0x02) share one bit address space, mirroring how holding and input registers share the
+/// register table: both read function codes are served from the same bits.
+class ServerBit {
+  /// Returning an empty optional declines the read: the whole request is answered with a
+  /// SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE exception. `return true;`/`return false;` convert implicitly.
+  using ReadLambda = std::function<optional<bool>(uint16_t address)>;
+  using WriteLambda = std::function<bool(uint16_t address, bool value)>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit ServerBit(uint16_t address) : address(address) {}
+  void set_read_lambda(ReadLambda &&read_lambda) { this->read_lambda = std::move(read_lambda); }
+  void set_write_lambda(WriteLambda &&write_lambda) { this->write_lambda = std::move(write_lambda); }
+
+  uint16_t address{0};
+  ReadLambda read_lambda;
+  WriteLambda write_lambda;
+};
+
+class ModbusServer final : public Component, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
 
   /// Registers a server register with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
   void add_server_register(ServerRegister *server_register) { server_registers_.push_back(server_register); }
+  /// Registers a server bit with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
+  void add_server_bit(ServerBit *server_bit) { server_bits_.push_back(server_bit); }
   /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x03 or 0x04) was parsed without errors
-  modbus::ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
-                                                        modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                           modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
   /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x06 or 0x10) was parsed without errors
-  modbus::ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
-                                                         const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
+  /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x01 or 0x02) was parsed without errors; both are
+  /// served from the same bit table (see ServerBit)
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, modbus::MutablePackedBits bits) final;
+  /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x05 or 0x0F) was parsed without errors
+  modbus::ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, modbus::PackedBits bits) final;
   /// Called by esphome generated code to set the server courtesy response object
   void set_server_courtesy_response(const ServerCourtesyResponse &server_courtesy_response) {
     this->server_courtesy_response_ = server_courtesy_response;
@@ -117,8 +149,12 @@ class ModbusServer : public Component, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
  protected:
   /// Find the registered value whose register span contains address, or nullptr if none does.
   ServerRegister *find_containing_register_(uint32_t address) const;
+  /// Find the registered bit at address, or nullptr if none is.
+  ServerBit *find_bit_(uint16_t address) const;
   /// Collection of all server registers for this component
   std::vector<ServerRegister *> server_registers_{};
+  /// Collection of all server bits (coils/discrete inputs) for this component
+  std::vector<ServerBit *> server_bits_{};
   /// Server courtesy response
   ServerCourtesyResponse server_courtesy_response_{
       .enabled = false, .register_last_address = 0xFFFF, .register_value = 0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py b/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py
index 4ce0202d25..04336bcde1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/monochromatic/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 monochromatic_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("monochromatic")
 MonochromaticLightOutput = monochromatic_ns.class_(
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.BRIGHTNESS_ONLY_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/monochromatic/monochromatic_light_output.h b/esphome/components/monochromatic/monochromatic_light_output.h
index 458140ef09..eb81a10ee4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/monochromatic/monochromatic_light_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/monochromatic/monochromatic_light_output.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::monochromatic {
 
-class MonochromaticLightOutput : public light::LightOutput {
+class MonochromaticLightOutput final : public light::LightOutput {
  public:
   void set_output(output::FloatOutput *output) { output_ = output; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py
index c8648cbc63..ec7deb3067 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,30 +1,34 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@spbrogan", "@Fabian-Schmidt"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC = "show_sensors_without_sync"
 
 mopeka_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mopeka_ble")
 MopekaListener = mopeka_ble_ns.class_(
-    "MopekaListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "MopekaListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaListener),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC, default=False): cv.boolean,
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("mopeka_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaListener),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     if CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC in config:
         cg.add(
             var.set_show_sensors_without_sync(config[CONF_SHOW_SENSORS_WITHOUT_SYNC])
         )
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp
index ff5dd8d61b..0bef1eb6d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mopeka_ble";
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ static const uint8_t MANUFACTURER_NRF52_DATA_LENGTH = 10;
  * - Bluetooth data frame size
  */
 
-bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   // Fetch information about BLE device.
   const auto &service_uuids = device.get_service_uuids();
@@ -50,8 +48,8 @@ bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
   const auto &manu_data = manu_datas[0];
 
   // Is the device maybe a Mopeka Std (CC2540) sensor.
-  if (service_uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_CC2540)) {
-    if (manu_data.uuid != esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_CC2540_ID)) {
+  if (service_uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_CC2540)) {
+    if (manu_data.uuid != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_CC2540_ID)) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -66,8 +64,8 @@ bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
     }
 
     // Is the device maybe a Mopeka Pro (NRF52) sensor.
-  } else if (service_uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_NRF52)) {
-    if (manu_data.uuid != esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_NRF52_ID)) {
+  } else if (service_uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID_NRF52)) {
+    if (manu_data.uuid != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(MANUFACTURER_NRF52_ID)) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -86,5 +84,3 @@ bool MopekaListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h
index cc91ef17d6..460668ae65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_ble/mopeka_ble.h
@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_ble {
 
-class MopekaListener : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class MopekaListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void set_show_sensors_without_sync(bool show_sensors_without_sync) {
     show_sensors_without_sync_ = show_sensors_without_sync;
   }
@@ -21,5 +19,3 @@ class MopekaListener : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp
index ab0ff9a113..fe3178d3aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "mopeka_pro_check.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mopeka_pro_check";
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ void MopekaProCheck::dump_config() {
  * Check if advertisement is for our sensor and if so decode it and
  * update the sensor state data.
  */
-bool MopekaProCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool MopekaProCheck::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -154,5 +152,3 @@ SensorReadQuality MopekaProCheck::parse_read_quality_(const std::vector<uint8_t>
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h
index bfdfe80c48..0cd53107c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/mopeka_pro_check.h
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check {
 
@@ -27,11 +25,11 @@ enum SensorType {
 // measurement may be inaccurate.
 enum SensorReadQuality { QUALITY_HIGH = 0x3, QUALITY_MED = 0x2, QUALITY_LOW = 0x1, QUALITY_ZERO = 0x0 };
 
-class MopekaProCheck : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class MopekaProCheck final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_min_signal_quality(SensorReadQuality min) { this->min_signal_quality_ = min; };
 
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ class MopekaProCheck : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLi
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_pro_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py
index 323175917d..5f7c9445f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_pro_check/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TANK_TYPE = "tank_type"
 CONF_CUSTOM_DISTANCE_FULL = "custom_distance_full"
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ ICON_PROPANE_TANK = "mdi:propane-tank"
 TANK_TYPE_CUSTOM = "CUSTOM"
 
 
-def small_distance(value):
+def small_distance(value: Any) -> float:
     """small_distance is stored in mm"""
     meters = cv.distance(value)
     return meters * 1000
@@ -56,11 +59,11 @@ CONF_SUPPORTED_TANKS_MAP = {
 }
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@spbrogan"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 mopeka_pro_check_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mopeka_pro_check")
 MopekaProCheck = mopeka_pro_check_ns.class_(
-    "MopekaProCheck", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "MopekaProCheck", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
 SensorReadQuality = mopeka_pro_check_ns.enum("SensorReadQuality")
@@ -71,7 +74,8 @@ SIGNAL_QUALITIES = {
     "HIGH": SensorReadQuality.QUALITY_HIGH,
 }
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("mopeka_pro_check"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaProCheck),
@@ -122,15 +126,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
index 519a45fcb5..d70306c97d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mopeka_std_check";
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ void MopekaStdCheck::dump_config() {
  * Check if advertisement is for our sensor and if so decode it and
  * update the sensor state data.
  */
-bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Validate address.
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     return false;
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
       return false;
     }
     const auto &service_uuid = service_uuids[0];
-    if (service_uuid != esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID)) {
+    if (service_uuid != ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(SERVICE_UUID)) {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -232,5 +230,3 @@ int8_t MopekaStdCheck::parse_temperature_(const mopeka_std_package *message) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
index a38abeabf0..75d9b36a58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check {
 
 enum SensorType {
@@ -42,11 +40,11 @@ struct mopeka_std_package {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming,altera-stru
   mopeka_std_values val[3];
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
-class MopekaStdCheck : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class MopekaStdCheck final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_level(sensor::Sensor *level) { this->level_ = level; };
@@ -74,5 +72,3 @@ class MopekaStdCheck : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLi
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mopeka_std_check
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py
index d4535d9671..d5c5d4135d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TANK_TYPE = "tank_type"
 CONF_CUSTOM_DISTANCE_FULL = "custom_distance_full"
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ ICON_PROPANE_TANK = "mdi:propane-tank"
 TANK_TYPE_CUSTOM = "CUSTOM"
 
 
-def small_distance(value):
+def small_distance(value: Any) -> float:
     """small_distance is stored in mm"""
     meters = cv.distance(value)
     return meters * 1000
@@ -50,14 +53,15 @@ CONF_SUPPORTED_TANKS_MAP = {
 }
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Fabian-Schmidt"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 mopeka_std_check_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mopeka_std_check")
 MopekaStdCheck = mopeka_std_check_ns.class_(
-    "MopekaStdCheck", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "MopekaStdCheck", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("mopeka_std_check"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MopekaStdCheck),
@@ -93,15 +97,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/motion/motion_component.h b/esphome/components/motion/motion_component.h
index 00310c16fe..b0a074a17c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/motion/motion_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/motion/motion_component.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class MotionComponent : public PollingComponent {
 
 // --- Actions ---
 
-template<typename... Ts> class CalibrateLevelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class CalibrateLevelAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit CalibrateLevelAction(MotionComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   void set_save(bool save) { this->save_ = save; }
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CalibrateLevelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   bool save_{false};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class CalibrateHeadingAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class CalibrateHeadingAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit CalibrateHeadingAction(MotionComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   void set_save(bool save) { this->save_ = save; }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CalibrateHeadingAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   bool save_{false};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ClearCalibrationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ClearCalibrationAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ClearCalibrationAction(MotionComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   void set_save(bool save) { this->save_ = save; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/mpl3115a2.h b/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/mpl3115a2.h
index d78c9d571c..a6163673cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/mpl3115a2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/mpl3115a2.h
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ enum {
   MPL3115A2_CTRL_REG1_OS128 = 0x38,
 };
 
-class MPL3115A2Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MPL3115A2Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_altitude(sensor::Sensor *altitude) { altitude_ = altitude; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py
index b2cd1fb535..4fbc353644 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpl3115a2/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbickar"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py
index 0bf9377275..da56b4ff4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpr121/__init__.py
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TOUCH_THRESHOLD = "touch_threshold"
 CONF_RELEASE_THRESHOLD = "release_threshold"
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
     max_touch_channel = 3
     if (binary_sensors := fconf.get(CONF_BINARY_SENSOR)) is not None:
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_touch_debounce(config[CONF_TOUCH_DEBOUNCE]))
     cg.add(var.set_release_debounce(config[CONF_RELEASE_DEBOUNCE]))
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if bool(value[CONF_INPUT]) == bool(value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     return value
@@ -105,7 +107,9 @@ MPR121_GPIO_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def mpr121_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def mpr121_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] <= parent_config[CONF_MAX_TOUCH_CHANNEL]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Pin number must be higher than the max touch channel of the MPR121 component",
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ def mpr121_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_MPR121, MPR121_GPIO_PIN_SCHEMA, mpr121_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def mpr121_gpio_pin_to_code(config):
+async def mpr121_gpio_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MPR121])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 1252a65a84..565789cdc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_MPR121_ID,
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(MPR121BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MPR121_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/mpr121_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/mpr121_binary_sensor.h
index 5fa10bf598..c0a4a36f1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/mpr121_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mpr121/binary_sensor/mpr121_binary_sensor.h
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mpr121 {
 
-class MPR121BinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public MPR121Channel, public Parented<MPR121Component> {
+class MPR121BinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor,
+                                 public MPR121Channel,
+                                 public Parented<MPR121Component> {
  public:
   void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
   void set_touch_threshold(uint8_t touch_threshold) { this->touch_threshold_ = touch_threshold; };
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpr121/mpr121.h b/esphome/components/mpr121/mpr121.h
index 54b5c8abf4..64c4b291b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpr121/mpr121.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mpr121/mpr121.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class MPR121Channel {
   virtual void process(uint16_t data) = 0;
 };
 
-class MPR121Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MPR121Component final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void register_channel(MPR121Channel *channel) { this->channels_.push_back(channel); }
   void set_touch_debounce(uint8_t debounce);
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class MPR121Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
 };
 
 /// Helper class to expose a MPR121 pin as an internal input GPIO pin.
-class MPR121GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
+class MPR121GPIOPin final : public GPIOPin {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6050/mpu6050.h b/esphome/components/mpu6050/mpu6050.h
index bac07cb4a5..4410bf0164 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6050/mpu6050.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6050/mpu6050.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mpu6050 {
 
-class MPU6050Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MPU6050Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py
index 377958fbe7..a8370ced7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6050/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREE_PER_SECOND,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.h b/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.h
index a23858a7b7..b795d5f690 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mpu6886 {
 
-class MPU6886Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MPU6886Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py
index 580fad7c23..5bdb836128 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6886/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREE_PER_SECOND,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@fabaff"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
index 4a5eacf449..3050ceb1a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     idf_version,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
 )
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AVAILABILITY,
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLIENT_ID,
     CONF_COMMAND_RETAIN,
     CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC,
+    CONF_DISCOVER_IP,
     CONF_DISCOVERY,
     CONF_DISCOVERY_OBJECT_ID_GENERATOR,
     CONF_DISCOVERY_PREFIX,
@@ -73,7 +77,6 @@ def AUTO_LOAD():
     return ["json"]
 
 
-CONF_DISCOVER_IP = "discover_ip"
 CONF_IDF_SEND_ASYNC = "idf_send_async"
 CONF_WAIT_FOR_CONNECTION = "wait_for_connection"
 
@@ -361,6 +364,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_component(name="espressif/mqtt", ref="1.0.0")
         else:
             include_builtin_idf_component("mqtt")
+        # mqtt_client.h drags in esp_tls types; esp-tls is excluded by default
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
 
     cg.add_define("USE_MQTT")
     cg.add_global(mqtt_ns.using)
@@ -638,7 +643,7 @@ async def mqtt_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+_platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
@@ -646,3 +651,34 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
     }
 )
+
+# Each entity file is fully #ifdef'd on the USE_<ENTITY> define the core
+# emits for entity platforms present in the config.
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "mqtt_alarm_control_panel.cpp": "USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL",
+        "mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp": "USE_BINARY_SENSOR",
+        "mqtt_button.cpp": "USE_BUTTON",
+        "mqtt_climate.cpp": "USE_CLIMATE",
+        "mqtt_cover.cpp": "USE_COVER",
+        "mqtt_date.cpp": "USE_DATETIME_DATE",
+        "mqtt_datetime.cpp": "USE_DATETIME_DATETIME",
+        "mqtt_event.cpp": "USE_EVENT",
+        "mqtt_fan.cpp": "USE_FAN",
+        "mqtt_light.cpp": "USE_LIGHT",
+        "mqtt_lock.cpp": "USE_LOCK",
+        "mqtt_number.cpp": "USE_NUMBER",
+        "mqtt_select.cpp": "USE_SELECT",
+        "mqtt_sensor.cpp": "USE_SENSOR",
+        "mqtt_switch.cpp": "USE_SWITCH",
+        "mqtt_text.cpp": "USE_TEXT",
+        "mqtt_text_sensor.cpp": "USE_TEXT_SENSOR",
+        "mqtt_time.cpp": "USE_DATETIME_TIME",
+        "mqtt_update.cpp": "USE_UPDATE",
+        "mqtt_valve.cpp": "USE_VALVE",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
+    return _platform_filter() + _define_filter()
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_alarm_control_panel.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_alarm_control_panel.h
index 89a0ff1be8..b2da7ed6a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_alarm_control_panel.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_alarm_control_panel.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
index 499a330730..09eb5f97dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "mqtt.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "mqtt";
 
 bool MQTTBackendESP32::initialize_() {
   mqtt_cfg_.broker.address.hostname = this->host_.c_str();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.h
index 5917a9966c..75c224c65a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTBinarySensorComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTBinarySensorComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct a MQTTBinarySensorComponent.
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.h
index a2db64d39d..7e2c77e29b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTButtonComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTButtonComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTButtonComponent(button::Button *button);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index ab665e2579..1127c36dc6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -668,9 +668,7 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::on_message(const std::string &topic, const std::string
 // Setters
 void MQTTClientComponent::disable_log_message() { this->log_message_.topic = ""; }
 bool MQTTClientComponent::is_log_message_enabled() const { return !this->log_message_.topic.empty(); }
-void MQTTClientComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 void MQTTClientComponent::register_mqtt_component(MQTTComponent *component) { this->children_.push_back(component); }
-void MQTTClientComponent::set_log_level(int level) { this->log_level_ = level; }
 void MQTTClientComponent::set_keep_alive(uint16_t keep_alive_s) { this->mqtt_backend_.set_keep_alive(keep_alive_s); }
 void MQTTClientComponent::set_log_message_template(MQTTMessage &&message) { this->log_message_ = std::move(message); }
 const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &MQTTClientComponent::get_discovery_info() const { return this->discovery_info_; }
@@ -683,10 +681,6 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::set_topic_prefix(const std::string &topic_prefix, cons
   }
 }
 const std::string &MQTTClientComponent::get_topic_prefix() const { return this->topic_prefix_; }
-void MQTTClientComponent::set_publish_nan_as_none(bool publish_nan_as_none) {
-  this->publish_nan_as_none_ = publish_nan_as_none;
-}
-bool MQTTClientComponent::is_publish_nan_as_none() const { return this->publish_nan_as_none_; }
 void MQTTClientComponent::disable_birth_message() {
   this->birth_message_.topic = "";
   this->recalculate_availability_();
@@ -766,8 +760,6 @@ MQTTClientComponent *global_mqtt_client = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-
 
 // MQTTMessageTrigger
 MQTTMessageTrigger::MQTTMessageTrigger(std::string topic) : topic_(std::move(topic)) {}
-void MQTTMessageTrigger::set_qos(uint8_t qos) { this->qos_ = qos; }
-void MQTTMessageTrigger::set_payload(const std::string &payload) { this->payload_ = payload; }
 void MQTTMessageTrigger::setup() {
   global_mqtt_client->subscribe(
       this->topic_,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
index 14473f737a..fe0966e725 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ enum MQTTClientState {
 
 class MQTTComponent;
 
-class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
+class MQTTClientComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   MQTTClientComponent();
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
 
   /// Manually set the topic used for logging.
   void set_log_message_template(MQTTMessage &&message);
-  void set_log_level(int level);
+  void set_log_level(int level) { this->log_level_ = level; }
   /// Get the topic used for logging. Defaults to "<topic_prefix>/debug" and the value is cached for speed.
   void disable_log_message();
   bool is_log_message_enabled() const;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
 
   void check_connected();
 
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
+  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 
   void register_mqtt_component(MQTTComponent *component);
 
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
   void set_on_disconnect(mqtt_on_disconnect_callback_t &&callback);
 
   // Publish None state instead of NaN for Home Assistant
-  void set_publish_nan_as_none(bool publish_nan_as_none);
-  bool is_publish_nan_as_none() const;
+  void set_publish_nan_as_none(bool publish_nan_as_none) { this->publish_nan_as_none_ = publish_nan_as_none; }
+  bool is_publish_nan_as_none() const { return this->publish_nan_as_none_; }
 
   void set_wait_for_connection(bool wait_for_connection) { this->wait_for_connection_ = wait_for_connection; }
 
@@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
 
 extern MQTTClientComponent *global_mqtt_client;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-class MQTTMessageTrigger : public Trigger<std::string>, public Component {
+class MQTTMessageTrigger final : public Trigger<std::string>, public Component {
  public:
   explicit MQTTMessageTrigger(std::string topic);
 
-  void set_qos(uint8_t qos);
-  void set_payload(const std::string &payload);
+  void set_qos(uint8_t qos) { this->qos_ = qos; }
+  void set_payload(const std::string &payload) { this->payload_ = payload; }
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class MQTTMessageTrigger : public Trigger<std::string>, public Component {
   optional<std::string> payload_;
 };
 
-class MQTTJsonMessageTrigger : public Trigger<JsonObjectConst> {
+class MQTTJsonMessageTrigger final : public Trigger<JsonObjectConst> {
  public:
   explicit MQTTJsonMessageTrigger(const std::string &topic, uint8_t qos) {
     global_mqtt_client->subscribe_json(
@@ -364,21 +364,21 @@ class MQTTJsonMessageTrigger : public Trigger<JsonObjectConst> {
   }
 };
 
-class MQTTConnectTrigger : public Trigger<bool> {
+class MQTTConnectTrigger final : public Trigger<bool> {
  public:
   explicit MQTTConnectTrigger(MQTTClientComponent *client) {
     client->set_on_connect([this](bool session_present) { this->trigger(session_present); });
   }
 };
 
-class MQTTDisconnectTrigger : public Trigger<MQTTClientDisconnectReason> {
+class MQTTDisconnectTrigger final : public Trigger<MQTTClientDisconnectReason> {
  public:
   explicit MQTTDisconnectTrigger(MQTTClientComponent *client) {
     client->set_on_disconnect([this](MQTTClientDisconnectReason reason) { this->trigger(reason); });
   }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTPublishAction(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, topic)
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishJsonAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishJsonAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTPublishJsonAction(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, topic)
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishJsonAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MQTTConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MQTTConnectedCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTConnectedCondition(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_connected(); }
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MQTTEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MQTTEnableAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTEnableAction(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MQTTDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MQTTDisableAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTDisableAction(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
index d5ee4c6a9b..0e6a374f9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,7 @@ void MQTTClimateComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCo
   root[MQTT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1f;
   // current_temp_step
   root[MQTT_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1f;
-  // temperature units are always coerced to Celsius internally
-  root[MQTT_TEMPERATURE_UNIT] = "C";
+  root[MQTT_TEMPERATURE_UNIT] = traits.get_temperature_unit() == TemperatureUnit::FAHRENHEIT ? "F" : "C";
 
   // min_humidity
   root[MQTT_MIN_HUMIDITY] = traits.get_visual_min_humidity();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.h
index f0715929d4..b862db85ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTClimateComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTClimateComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   MQTTClimateComponent(climate::Climate *device);
   void send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
index afc514609c..18a759725f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
         device_info[MQTT_DEVICE_MODEL] = ESPHOME_BOARD;
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
         device_info[MQTT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER] = "Espressif";
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
         device_info[MQTT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER] = "Raspberry Pi";
 #elif defined(USE_BK72XX)
         device_info[MQTT_DEVICE_MANUFACTURER] = "Beken";
@@ -340,10 +340,6 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
   // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
-uint8_t MQTTComponent::get_qos() const { return this->qos_; }
-
-bool MQTTComponent::get_retain() const { return this->retain_; }
-
 bool MQTTComponent::is_discovery_enabled() const {
   return this->discovery_enabled_ && global_mqtt_client->is_discovery_enabled();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
index 7983e04870..b4ae624404 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
 
   /// Set QOS for state messages.
   void set_qos(uint8_t qos);
-  uint8_t get_qos() const;
+  uint8_t get_qos() const { return this->qos_; }
 
   /// Set whether state message should be retained.
   void set_retain(bool retain);
-  bool get_retain() const;
+  bool get_retain() const { return this->retain_; }
 
   /// Disable discovery. Sets friendly name to "".
   void disable_discovery();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.h
index f801af5d12..3b07733993 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTCoverComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTCoverComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTCoverComponent(cover::Cover *cover);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_date.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_date.h
index 4a626becb2..1c24422856 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_date.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_date.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTDateComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTDateComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTDateComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and date
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_datetime.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_datetime.h
index d02d6f579c..09af806fe3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_datetime.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_datetime.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTDateTimeComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTDateTimeComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTDateTimeComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and time
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.h
index e6d5b6f278..424de3f603 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTEventComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTEventComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTEventComponent(event::Event *event);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.h
index 43ef67e733..ff984bb77d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTFanComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTFanComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTFanComponent(fan::Fan *state);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_light.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_light.h
index 41981655ef..2ca8d70dd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_light.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_light.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTJSONLightComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent, public light::LightRemoteValuesListener {
+class MQTTJSONLightComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent, public light::LightRemoteValuesListener {
  public:
   explicit MQTTJSONLightComponent(light::LightState *state);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_lock.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_lock.h
index 666882c73d..7f36a51789 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_lock.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_lock.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTLockComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTLockComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTLockComponent(lock::Lock *a_lock);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.h
index 021a539988..5e21544691 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTNumberComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTNumberComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTNumberComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and number
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_select.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_select.h
index aaf174ff72..46140ad456 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_select.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTSelectComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTSelectComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTSelectComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and select
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
index c66465dd16..1c0625d1c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ uint32_t MQTTSensorComponent::get_expire_after() const {
     return *this->expire_after_;
   return 0;
 }
-void MQTTSensorComponent::set_expire_after(uint32_t expire_after) { this->expire_after_ = expire_after; }
-void MQTTSensorComponent::disable_expire_after() { this->expire_after_ = 0; }
 
 void MQTTSensorComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h
index e8202aa8e2..a56963d9c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTSensorComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTSensorComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTSensorComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and sensor
    *
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ class MQTTSensorComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
   explicit MQTTSensorComponent(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
 
   /// Setup an expiry, 0 disables it
-  void set_expire_after(uint32_t expire_after);
+  void set_expire_after(uint32_t expire_after) { this->expire_after_ = expire_after; }
   /// Disable Home Assistant value expiry.
-  void disable_expire_after();
+  void disable_expire_after() { this->expire_after_ = 0; }
 
   void send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_switch.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_switch.h
index 5f6cb841fd..f35784ed5c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_switch.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTSwitchComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTSwitchComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTSwitchComponent(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text.h
index 8ae0b9e29a..d42eefc690 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTTextComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTTextComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTTextComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and text
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.h
index d8f9315c1e..1fe9651fa1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTTextSensor : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTTextSensor final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTTextSensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_time.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_time.h
index cf5780da2d..3e60176e90 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_time.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_time.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTTimeComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTTimeComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   /** Construct this MQTTTimeComponent instance with the provided friendly_name and time
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_update.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_update.h
index ec1adb1fcd..04b0b09da1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_update.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_update.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTUpdateComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTUpdateComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTUpdateComponent(update::UpdateEntity *update);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.h
index d3b724a8ba..dd2cca514a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
-class MQTTValveComponent : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
+class MQTTValveComponent final : public mqtt::MQTTComponent {
  public:
   explicit MQTTValveComponent(valve::Valve *valve);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py
index 56efb3f67e..e451d2db8a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_QOS, CONF_TOPIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import mqtt_subscribe_ns
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/mqtt_subscribe_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/mqtt_subscribe_sensor.h
index 229c0586ab..739e8456ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/mqtt_subscribe_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/sensor/mqtt_subscribe_sensor.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt_subscribe {
 
-class MQTTSubscribeSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
+class MQTTSubscribeSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
  public:
   void set_parent(mqtt::MQTTClientComponent *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_topic(const std::string &topic) { topic_ = topic; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 9c5d3a81eb..d432ef8a93 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_QOS, CONF_TOPIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import mqtt_subscribe_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/mqtt_subscribe_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/mqtt_subscribe_text_sensor.h
index f218bf2a8a..8641825fca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/mqtt_subscribe_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt_subscribe/text_sensor/mqtt_subscribe_text_sensor.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mqtt_subscribe {
 
-class MQTTSubscribeTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
+class MQTTSubscribeTextSensor final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
   void set_parent(mqtt::MQTTClientComponent *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_topic(const std::string &topic) { topic_ = topic; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ms5611/ms5611.h b/esphome/components/ms5611/ms5611.h
index c6ad5b231a..535acdd357 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ms5611/ms5611.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ms5611/ms5611.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ms5611 {
 
-class MS5611Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class MS5611Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py
index dfb6083bef..e42e0824dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ms5611/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py
index 038f17190a..e5d90432d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ms8607/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py
index 04514b584f..0beece6710 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_TYPE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py
index 732a0ed291..ef27c98e66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ACTIVE, CONF_NAME, DEVICE_CLASS_VIBRATION, ICON_VIBRATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MSA3XX_ID, MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MSA3XX_ID])
 
     for sensor in EVENT_SENSORS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py
index 63f050fa05..22bcb94025 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MSA3XX_ID, MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MSA3XX_ID])
     for accel_key in ACCELERATION_SENSORS:
         if accel_key in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py
index c53a4aa139..6693ec8542 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NAME
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MSA3XX_ID, MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA
 
@@ -25,13 +27,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = MSA_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key, hub):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str, hub: MockObj) -> None:
     if sensor_config := config.get(key):
         var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sensor_config)
         cg.add(getattr(hub, f"set_{key}_text_sensor")(var))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MSA3XX_ID])
 
     for key in ORIENTATION_SENSORS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py b/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py
index e5a879a0f0..e43454d6ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/my9231/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 my9231_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("my9231")
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/my9231/output.py b/esphome/components/my9231/output.py
index b4fad82c5f..c2ec15d411 100644
--- a/esphome/components/my9231/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/my9231/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import MY9231OutputComponent
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py b/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
index 9798c1c297..415ae09daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_GAIN, CONF_ID, ICON_SCALE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@cujomalainey"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -131,7 +134,12 @@ NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def nau7802_calibrate_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def nau7802_calibrate_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/__init__.py b/esphome/components/network/__init__.py
index d2683e4bba..9a47679ba3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/network/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 import ipaddress
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
 from esphome.components.psram import is_guaranteed as psram_is_guaranteed
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, CONF_ID, CONF_MIN_IPV6_ADDR_COUNT
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ENABLE_IPV6,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MIN_IPV6_ADDR_COUNT,
+    CONF_PRIORITY,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -19,12 +26,84 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Components can request high performance networking and this configures lwip and WiFi settings
 KEY_HIGH_PERFORMANCE_NETWORKING = "high_performance_networking"
 CONF_ENABLE_HIGH_PERFORMANCE = "enable_high_performance"
+CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER = "tcp_send_buffer"
+
+# lwIP queues at most this many unsent/unacked bytes per TCP socket; the
+# stock ESP-IDF default (5744 bytes) stalls bursty senders like a Bluetooth
+# proxy streaming GATT notifications. Bounds follow the lwIP guidance for the
+# default 1440 byte MSS: at least 2 x MSS, at most 65535 without window
+# scaling. The cap is kept even when window scaling is on (high performance
+# with PSRAM) as a deliberate conservative bound.
+TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN = 2880
+TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX = 65535
+
+# Network priority tracking infrastructure
+# Components can query this to determine their relative setup priority.
+# CORE.data[KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY] is a list of dicts of the form
+# {"interface": "ethernet"}, in user-declared order.
+KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY = "network_priority"
+
+# Only interfaces whose component already calls get_network_priority() are
+# accepted in the priority list. openthread and modem will be added here when
+# they wire up their setup-priority consumer in their own to_code — see
+# NETWORK_PLAN.md for the full multi-interface roadmap.
+VALID_NETWORK_TYPES = ["ethernet", "wifi"]
+
+# Interfaces NetworkComponent::loop() knows how to arbitrate the default route
+# for. Deliberately NOT derived from VALID_NETWORK_TYPES: extending that list
+# without extending the C++ arbitration (and then this set) is caught in
+# _final_validate() as a config error instead of a silently mis-routed interface.
+ARBITRATED_NETWORK_TYPES = frozenset({"ethernet", "wifi"})
+
+# Setup priority base values — first in list gets the highest priority.
+#
+# The base equals the historical setup_priority::WIFI / ::ETHERNET default
+# (250.0), so a single-entry priority list yields exactly the same setup order
+# as a config with no priority block. Subsequent entries step down by a small
+# amount to break ties without crossing other priority bands.
+#
+# Important: must stay strictly less than setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH
+# (300.0), which NetworkComponent itself uses — otherwise the highest-priority
+# interface could tie with NetworkComponent and run before esp_netif_init().
+NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE = 250.0
+NETWORK_PRIORITY_STEP = 5.0
+
+# Lower-bound guard. The lowest-priority entry gets
+# NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE - (len - 1) * NETWORK_PRIORITY_STEP, which must stay
+# strictly above setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI (200.0, see esphome/core/component.h)
+# so a long priority list never drops an interface into the band used by
+# components that expect to run after the network is up. There is ample headroom
+# for the two types today; this check raises if a future expansion of
+# VALID_NETWORK_TYPES would silently cross that band. Uses an explicit raise
+# rather than a bare assert so the guard isn't stripped under python -O/-OO.
+_SETUP_PRIORITY_AFTER_WIFI = 200.0
+if (
+    NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE - (len(VALID_NETWORK_TYPES) - 1) * NETWORK_PRIORITY_STEP
+    <= _SETUP_PRIORITY_AFTER_WIFI
+):
+    raise ValueError(
+        "network: priority: list is long enough to cross setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI"
+    )
 
 network_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("network")
 NetworkComponent = network_ns.class_("NetworkComponent", cg.Component)
 IPAddress = network_ns.class_("IPAddress")
 
 
+def _register_provisioning_source(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register network connectivity as a provisioning source.
+
+    The network component is auto-loaded whenever an interface (wifi, ethernet, ...)
+    is configured, so a device with connectivity always has this source: it is
+    considered provisioned once it has connected via any interface, and
+    `provisioning:` is valid without another source.
+    """
+    from esphome.components import provisioning
+
+    provisioning.register_source("network")
+    return config
+
+
 def ip_address_literal(ip: str | int | None) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Generate an IPAddress with compile-time initialization instead of runtime parsing.
 
@@ -59,6 +138,19 @@ def ip_address_literal(ip: str | int | None) -> cg.MockObj:
     return IPAddress(str(ip))
 
 
+def add_use_address(var: cg.MockObj, use_address: str) -> None:
+    """Generate a set_use_address() call only when the address must be baked in.
+
+    The default "<name>.local" is not stored in the firmware; it is rebuilt at
+    runtime from the device name (see network::get_use_address_to()), which also
+    picks up the MAC suffix when name_add_mac_suffix is enabled. A compile-time
+    string could never include that suffix, so baking it in would log the wrong
+    address.
+    """
+    if use_address != f"{CORE.name}.local":
+        cg.add(var.set_use_address(use_address))
+
+
 def require_high_performance_networking() -> None:
     """Request high performance networking for network and WiFi.
 
@@ -115,44 +207,197 @@ def validate_ipv6(value: bool) -> bool:
     return value
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(NetworkComponent),
-        cv.SplitDefault(
-            CONF_ENABLE_IPV6,
-            bk72xx=False,
-            esp32=False,
-            esp8266=False,
-            host=False,
-            rp2040=False,
-            nrf52=True,
-        ): cv.All(
-            cv.boolean,
-            cv.Any(
-                cv.require_framework_version(
-                    bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(1, 7, 0),
-                    esp_idf=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-                    esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-                    esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-                    host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-                    rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-                    nrf52_zephyr=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-                ),
-                cv.boolean_false,
-            ),
-            validate_ipv6,
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_IPV6_ADDR_COUNT, default=0): cv.positive_int,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_HIGH_PERFORMANCE): cv.All(cv.boolean, cv.only_on_esp32),
+def get_network_priority(iface: str) -> float | None:
+    """Get the setup priority for the given network interface type.
+
+    Returns the float setup priority for ``iface`` based on the order declared
+    under ``network: priority:``.  Interfaces listed first receive a higher
+    setup priority so they are initialised before lower-priority ones.
+
+    If no ``network: priority:`` has been configured this returns ``None`` and
+    the calling component should fall back to its own default setup priority.
+
+    Args:
+        iface: Interface type string (case-insensitive). Currently ``"ethernet"``
+               or ``"wifi"`` — the only types the priority-list validator
+               accepts; ``"openthread"`` / ``"modem"`` are planned but not yet
+               supported. An interface not present in the configured list
+               returns ``None``.
+
+    Returns:
+        float setup priority, or None if no priority list was configured.
+
+    Example usage inside a component's ``to_code``. Emit the override before
+    ``register_component`` so an explicit ``setup_priority:`` on the component
+    still wins::
+
+        from esphome.components import network
+
+        async def to_code(config):
+            var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+            prio = network.get_network_priority("ethernet")
+            if prio is not None:
+                cg.set_setup_priority(var, prio)
+
+            await cg.register_component(var, config)
+            ...
+    """
+    priority_list = CORE.data.get(KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY)
+    if priority_list is None:
+        return None
+    iface_lower = iface.lower()
+    for idx, entry in enumerate(priority_list):
+        if entry["interface"] == iface_lower:
+            return NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE - (idx * NETWORK_PRIORITY_STEP)
+    return None
+
+
+def get_priority_interfaces_from_full_config(full_config: ConfigType) -> set[str]:
+    """Return the set of interface names declared in ``network: priority:``.
+
+    Reads from the full validated config (``fv.full_config.get()``) and is
+    intended for use inside ``FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA`` hooks, before
+    ``to_code`` has run and ``CORE.data`` has been populated.  Returns an
+    empty set if no priority list was configured.
+    """
+    return {
+        entry["interface"]
+        for entry in full_config.get("network", {}).get(CONF_PRIORITY, [])
     }
+
+
+def _validate_priority_list(value: Any) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    """Validate and normalize the priority list, rejecting duplicates.
+
+    Each entry is the name of one network interface (one of
+    ``VALID_NETWORK_TYPES``). Mixed-case input is accepted and normalized
+    to lowercase.  The normalized list is a list of dicts of the form
+    ``{"interface": "ethernet"}`` so that future per-entry options can be
+    added without breaking call sites.
+    """
+    raw = cv.ensure_list(cv.one_of(*VALID_NETWORK_TYPES, lower=True))(value)
+    entries = [{"interface": iface} for iface in raw]
+    interfaces = [e["interface"] for e in entries]
+    if len(interfaces) != len(set(interfaces)):
+        raise cv.Invalid("Duplicate entries are not allowed in 'priority'")
+    return entries
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(NetworkComponent),
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_ENABLE_IPV6,
+                bk72xx=False,
+                esp32=False,
+                esp8266=False,
+                host=False,
+                rp2=False,
+                nrf52=True,
+            ): cv.All(
+                cv.boolean,
+                cv.Any(
+                    cv.require_framework_version(
+                        bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(1, 7, 0),
+                        esp_idf=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+                        esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+                        esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+                        host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+                        rp2_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+                        nrf52_zephyr=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+                    ),
+                    cv.boolean_false,
+                ),
+                validate_ipv6,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_IPV6_ADDR_COUNT, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_HIGH_PERFORMANCE): cv.All(
+                cv.boolean, cv.only_on_esp32
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER): cv.All(
+                cv.validate_bytes,
+                cv.int_range(min=TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN, max=TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX),
+                cv.only_on_esp32,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRIORITY): _validate_priority_list,
+        }
+    ),
+    _register_provisioning_source,
 )
 
 
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Check that every interface named in 'priority' has a corresponding component block."""
+    full = fv.full_config.get()
+    priority_list = config.get(CONF_PRIORITY, [])
+    for entry in priority_list:
+        iface = entry["interface"]
+        if iface not in full:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{iface}' is listed in 'network: priority:' but no '{iface}:' "
+                f"component is configured",
+                [CONF_PRIORITY],
+            )
+
+    # Tripwire for future interface types (openthread, modem): the C++ default-route
+    # arbitration pivots on USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI and only knows
+    # ethernet and wifi. Extend NetworkComponent::loop() before allowing another
+    # type here. Unreachable until VALID_NETWORK_TYPES grows.
+    if (
+        len(priority_list) > 1
+        and (
+            unsupported := {e["interface"] for e in priority_list}
+            - ARBITRATED_NETWORK_TYPES
+        )
+        and CORE.is_esp32
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Default-route arbitration does not support: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(unsupported))}",
+            [CONF_PRIORITY],
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK")
     # ESP32 with Arduino uses ESP-IDF network APIs directly, no Arduino Network library needed
 
+    # Store the user-declared network priority list in CORE.data so that ethernet,
+    # wifi and other network components can query it via get_network_priority()
+    # during their own to_code phase.
+    if CONF_PRIORITY in config:
+        priority_list = config[CONF_PRIORITY]
+        CORE.data[KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY] = priority_list
+        # network/util.cpp resolves the reported address (get_use_address_to,
+        # get_ip_addresses) in a fixed ethernet-first order; a wifi-first priority
+        # list is the only case that deviates from it, so it is the only case that
+        # needs a define.
+        if priority_list[0]["interface"] == "wifi":
+            cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI")
+
+        # With more than one interface, NetworkComponent::loop() arbitrates the
+        # default route (ESP-IDF's fixed route_prio values would always favor
+        # WiFi). ESP32 only: the arbitration needs esp_netif, which both
+        # frameworks build from source.
+        # The ethernet/wifi-only assumption behind the arbitration is enforced in
+        # _final_validate() so a future unsupported type fails as a config error.
+        if len(priority_list) > 1 and CORE.is_esp32:
+            cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE")
+            # Have lwIP switch to the DNS servers of the netif that owns the
+            # default route whenever the arbitration changes it.
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_NETIF_SET_DNS_PER_DEFAULT_NETIF", True)
+
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Network interface priority: %s",
+            " > ".join(entry["interface"] for entry in priority_list),
+        )
+
     # Apply high performance networking settings
     # Config can explicitly enable/disable, or default to component-driven behavior
     enable_high_perf = config.get(CONF_ENABLE_HIGH_PERFORMANCE)
@@ -216,6 +461,16 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_RECVMBOX_SIZE", 64)
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_RECVMBOX_SIZE", 64)
 
+    # After the high performance block so an explicit size wins over the
+    # bundle's 65534 (last write wins in the sdkconfig store).
+    if (tcp_send_buffer := config.get(CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER)) is not None:
+        if CORE.is_esp32 and should_enable:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "TCP send buffer set to %d bytes by configuration (overriding high performance value)",
+                tcp_send_buffer,
+            )
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT", tcp_send_buffer)
+
     if CORE.is_nrf52:
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NETWORKING", True)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_IPV6", True)
@@ -263,7 +518,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 cg.add_build_flag("-DCONFIG_IPV6")
             if CORE.is_esp8266:
                 cg.add_build_flag("-DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_LWIP2_IPV6_LOW_MEMORY")
-            if CORE.is_rp2040:
+            if CORE.is_rp2:
                 cg.add_build_flag("-DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_IPV6")
     # Pvariable creation lives in a separate coroutine at NETWORK_SERVICES so it
     # emits after wifi/ethernet at COMMUNICATION. This keeps compile-time config
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
index d8a127f4a0..f7aa7daf99 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
@@ -19,10 +19,37 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_HOST
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
+#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+using ip4_addr_t = struct in_addr;
+using ip6_addr_t = struct in6_addr;
+struct ip_addr_t {
+  union {
+    struct in6_addr ip6;
+    struct in_addr ip4;
+  } u_addr;
+  uint8_t type;
+};
+enum : uint8_t { IPADDR_TYPE_V4 = 0, IPADDR_TYPE_V6 = 6 };
+static inline int ipaddr_aton(const char *cp, ip_addr_t *addr) {
+  if (strchr(cp, ':') != nullptr) {
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, cp, &addr->u_addr.ip6) != 1) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    addr->type = IPADDR_TYPE_V6;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if (inet_aton(cp, &addr->u_addr.ip4) != 1) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  addr->type = IPADDR_TYPE_V4;
+  return 1;
+}
+#else
 using ip_addr_t = in_addr;
 using ip4_addr_t = in_addr;
 #define ipaddr_aton(x, y) inet_aton((x), (y))
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+#endif  // USE_HOST
 
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include <zephyr/net/net_ip.h>
@@ -71,15 +98,6 @@ struct IPAddress {
   bool is_ip4() const { return false; }
   bool is_ip6() const { return this->is_set(); }
   bool is_multicast() const { return net_ipv6_is_addr_mcast(&ip_addr_); }
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED(
-      "str() is deprecated: use 'char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE]; ip.str_to(buf);' instead. Removed in 2026.8.0",
-      "2026.2.0")
-  std::string str() const {
-    char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    this->str_to(buf);
-    return buf;
-  }
   char *str_to(char *buf) const {
     if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip_addr_, buf, IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE) == nullptr)
       buf[0] = '\0';
@@ -89,12 +107,46 @@ struct IPAddress {
   bool operator!=(const IPAddress &other) const { return !net_ipv6_addr_cmp(&ip_addr_, &other.ip_addr_); }
 
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
-  IPAddress() { ip_addr_.s_addr = 0; }
+#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+  IPAddress() { memset(&this->ip_addr_, 0, sizeof(this->ip_addr_)); }
   IPAddress(uint8_t first, uint8_t second, uint8_t third, uint8_t fourth) {
-    this->ip_addr_.s_addr = htonl((first << 24) | (second << 16) | (third << 8) | fourth);
+    memset(&this->ip_addr_, 0, sizeof(this->ip_addr_));
+    this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4.s_addr =
+        htonl(((uint32_t) first << 24) | ((uint32_t) second << 16) | ((uint32_t) third << 8) | fourth);
+    this->ip_addr_.type = IPADDR_TYPE_V4;
+  }
+  IPAddress(const char *in_address) {
+    memset(&this->ip_addr_, 0, sizeof(this->ip_addr_));
+    ipaddr_aton(in_address, &this->ip_addr_);
+  }
+  IPAddress(const std::string &in_address) : IPAddress(in_address.c_str()) {}
+  IPAddress(const ip_addr_t *other_ip) { memcpy(&this->ip_addr_, other_ip, sizeof(ip_addr_t)); }
+  IPAddress(ip4_addr_t *other_ip) {
+    memset(&this->ip_addr_, 0, sizeof(this->ip_addr_));
+    this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4 = *other_ip;
+    this->ip_addr_.type = IPADDR_TYPE_V4;
+  }
+  IPAddress(ip6_addr_t *other_ip) {
+    memset(&this->ip_addr_, 0, sizeof(this->ip_addr_));
+    this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip6 = *other_ip;
+    this->ip_addr_.type = IPADDR_TYPE_V6;
+  }
+  operator ip_addr_t() const { return this->ip_addr_; }
+  bool is_set() const {
+    if (this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V6) {
+      static constexpr uint8_t zero[sizeof(struct in6_addr)] = {};
+      return memcmp(this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip6.s6_addr, zero, sizeof(zero)) != 0;
+    }
+    return this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4.s_addr != 0;
+  }
+  bool is_ip4() const { return this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V4; }
+  bool is_ip6() const { return this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V6; }
+  bool is_multicast() const {
+    if (this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V6) {
+      return this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip6.s6_addr[0] == 0xff;
+    }
+    return (ntohl(this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4.s_addr) & 0xF0000000UL) == 0xE0000000UL;
   }
-  IPAddress(const std::string &in_address) { inet_aton(in_address.c_str(), &ip_addr_); }
-  IPAddress(const ip_addr_t *other_ip) { ip_addr_ = *other_ip; }
   // Remove before 2026.8.0
   ESPDEPRECATED(
       "str() is deprecated: use 'char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE]; ip.str_to(buf);' instead. Removed in 2026.8.0",
@@ -104,11 +156,44 @@ struct IPAddress {
     this->str_to(buf);
     return buf;
   }
+  char *str_to(char *buf) const {
+    if (this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V6) {
+      inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip6, buf, IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    } else {
+      inet_ntop(AF_INET, &this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4, buf, IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    }
+    lowercase_ip_str(buf);
+    return buf;
+  }
+  bool operator==(const IPAddress &other) const {
+    if (this->ip_addr_.type != other.ip_addr_.type) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V6) {
+      return memcmp(&this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip6, &other.ip_addr_.u_addr.ip6, sizeof(struct in6_addr)) == 0;
+    }
+    return this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4.s_addr == other.ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4.s_addr;
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const IPAddress &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+  IPAddress &operator+=(uint8_t increase) {
+    if (this->ip_addr_.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V4) {
+      (((uint8_t *) (&this->ip_addr_.u_addr.ip4))[3]) += increase;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+#else
+  IPAddress() { ip_addr_.s_addr = 0; }
+  IPAddress(uint8_t first, uint8_t second, uint8_t third, uint8_t fourth) {
+    this->ip_addr_.s_addr = htonl((first << 24) | (second << 16) | (third << 8) | fourth);
+  }
+  IPAddress(const std::string &in_address) { inet_aton(in_address.c_str(), &ip_addr_); }
+  IPAddress(const ip_addr_t *other_ip) { ip_addr_ = *other_ip; }
   /// Write IP address to buffer. Buffer must be at least IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE bytes.
   char *str_to(char *buf) const {
     inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ip_addr_, buf, IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE);
     return buf;  // IPv4 only, no hex letters to lowercase
   }
+#endif  // USE_NETWORK_IPV6
 #else
   IPAddress() { ip_addr_set_zero(&ip_addr_); }
   IPAddress(uint8_t first, uint8_t second, uint8_t third, uint8_t fourth) {
@@ -186,15 +271,6 @@ struct IPAddress {
   bool is_ip4() const { return IP_IS_V4(&ip_addr_); }
   bool is_ip6() const { return IP_IS_V6(&ip_addr_); }
   bool is_multicast() const { return ip_addr_ismulticast(&ip_addr_); }
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED(
-      "str() is deprecated: use 'char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE]; ip.str_to(buf);' instead. Removed in 2026.8.0",
-      "2026.2.0")
-  std::string str() const {
-    char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    this->str_to(buf);
-    return buf;
-  }
   /// Write IP address to buffer. Buffer must be at least IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE bytes.
   /// Output is lowercased per RFC 5952 (IPv6 hex digits a-f).
   char *str_to(char *buf) const {
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp b/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp
index 40cf64906c..7e05983733 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/network_component.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,21 @@
 #include "esp_err.h"
 #include "esp_netif.h"
 #include "esp_event.h"
+#include "lwip/opt.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esp_netif_net_stack.h"
+#include "lwip/netif.h"
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+#include "esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::network {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "network";
@@ -29,5 +44,90 @@ void NetworkComponent::setup() {
   }
 }
 
+void NetworkComponent::dump_config() {
+  // The effective compile-time lwIP value, so the log reflects tcp_send_buffer
+  // or the high performance bundle when either changed it.
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Network:\n"
+                "  TCP send buffer: %d bytes",
+                TCP_SND_BUF);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+static esp_netif_t *connected_wifi_netif() {
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  auto *wifi = wifi::global_wifi_component;
+  if (wifi != nullptr && wifi->is_connected())
+    return wifi->get_esp_netif_sta();
+#endif
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static esp_netif_t *connected_ethernet_netif() {
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  auto *eth = ethernet::global_eth_component;
+  if (eth != nullptr && eth->is_connected())
+    return eth->get_esp_netif();
+#endif
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void NetworkComponent::loop() {
+  // Pin the default route to the first connected interface in the user's priority
+  // order; ESP-IDF's own route_prio selection would always favor WiFi.
+  // USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI is emitted for a wifi-first priority list;
+  // it selects the reported address in util.cpp and doubles as the route-order
+  // pivot here — the two uses must stay in sync.
+  esp_netif_t *best;
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI
+  best = connected_wifi_netif();
+  if (best == nullptr)
+    best = connected_ethernet_netif();
+#else
+  best = connected_ethernet_netif();
+  if (best == nullptr)
+    best = connected_wifi_netif();
+#endif
+  if (best == nullptr) {
+    // Forget the last winner: stopping its netif cleared lwIP's default route and
+    // IDF's manual override suppresses re-election, so reconnect must re-assert it.
+    this->default_netif_ = nullptr;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (best == this->default_netif_) {
+    // Same winner as the last assert. Still re-assert if lwIP's default route is
+    // not the winner's netif: a winner whose netif bounced down and up between two
+    // polls would otherwise stay routeless (stopping a netif nulls lwIP's
+    // netif_default). Checking lwIP directly keeps this independent of IDF's
+    // re-election bookkeeping (esp_netif_get_default_netif() cannot detect it).
+    // Throttled: LwIPLock is the global lwIP core mutex, and this branch runs on
+    // every pass once the route has settled.
+    const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    if (now - this->last_route_check_ < ROUTE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS)
+      return;
+    this->last_route_check_ = now;
+    bool route_is_ours;
+    {
+      LwIPLock lock;
+      route_is_ours = static_cast<void *>(netif_default) == esp_netif_get_netif_impl(best);
+    }
+    if (route_is_ours)
+      return;
+  }
+  esp_err_t err = esp_netif_set_default_netif(best);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to set default interface: (%d) %s", err, esp_err_to_name(err));
+    // Cache the intent anyway: subsequent passes take the same-winner branch
+    // above, so retries are throttled to ROUTE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS and the lwIP
+    // verification keeps re-attempting until the route is actually ours.
+    this->default_netif_ = best;
+    this->last_route_check_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->default_netif_ = best;
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Default interface: %s", esp_netif_get_desc(best));
+}
+#endif  // USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+
 }  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/network_component.h b/esphome/components/network/network_component.h
index 2e76a95673..870530974e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/network_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/network_component.h
@@ -3,12 +3,31 @@
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+// Forward declaration matching esp_netif's own typedef; avoids pulling esp_netif.h
+// into this header.
+using esp_netif_t = struct esp_netif_obj;
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::network {
 class NetworkComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
   // AFTER_BLUETOOTH: BLE controller must initialize before esp_netif_init per IDF guidance.
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH; }
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+  void loop() override;
+
+ protected:
+  // Verify-lwIP-route interval for the settled state; keeps the global lwIP core
+  // mutex off the hot loop path.
+  static constexpr uint32_t ROUTE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+  // Last netif this component made the default; avoids redundant esp_netif calls.
+  esp_netif_t *default_netif_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t last_route_check_{0};
+#endif
 };
 }  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
index 79ddd3844c..11485fdcf0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "util.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
 
 namespace esphome::network {
@@ -8,19 +10,75 @@ namespace esphome::network {
 // an AP that uses a previous interface for NAT).
 
 bool is_disabled() {
+  // The network is disabled only when every configured interface with a
+  // disable() lifecycle is disabled; one enabled interface means traffic can flow.
+  bool disabled = false;
 #ifdef USE_MODEM
-  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr)
-    return modem::global_modem_component->is_disabled();
+  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr) {
+    if (!modem::global_modem_component->is_disabled())
+      return false;
+    disabled = true;
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
-  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr)
-    return wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled();
+  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr) {
+    if (!wifi::global_wifi_component->is_disabled())
+      return false;
+    disabled = true;
+  }
 #endif
-  return false;
+
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  if (ethernet::global_eth_component != nullptr) {
+    if (!ethernet::global_eth_component->is_disabled())
+      return false;
+    disabled = true;
+  }
+#endif
+  return disabled;
+}
+
+const char *get_use_address_to(std::span<char, USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
+  // Global component pointers are guaranteed to be set by component constructors when USE_* is defined.
+  // A wifi-first network: priority: list sets USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI to lift
+  // wifi ahead of the fixed ethernet-first order below; an ethernet-first list already
+  // matches that order, so no define exists for it.
+  const char *addr = nullptr;
+#if defined(USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI)
+  addr = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_use_address();
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET)
+  addr = ethernet::global_eth_component->get_use_address();
+#elif defined(USE_MODEM)
+  addr = modem::global_modem_component->get_use_address();
+#elif defined(USE_WIFI)
+  addr = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_use_address();
+#elif defined(USE_OPENTHREAD)
+  addr = openthread::global_openthread_component->get_use_address();
+#endif
+  if (addr != nullptr && addr[0] != '\0')
+    return addr;
+  // No explicit use_address configured: the address is the runtime device name
+  // (which includes the MAC suffix when name_add_mac_suffix is enabled) plus ".local"
+  const auto &name = App.get_name();
+  make_name_with_suffix_to(buf.data(), buf.size(), name.c_str(), name.size(), '.', "local", 5);
+  return buf.data();
 }
 
 network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses() {
+  // With a wifi-first network: priority: list, prefer wifi while it has a valid IP;
+  // otherwise fall through to the fixed ethernet-first order below. Selection based
+  // on the runtime-active interface is a planned follow-up.
+#if defined(USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI) && defined(USE_WIFI)
+  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr) {
+    auto ips = wifi::global_wifi_component->get_ip_addresses();
+    for (const auto &ip : ips) {
+      if (ip.is_set())
+        return ips;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET
   if (ethernet::global_eth_component != nullptr)
     return ethernet::global_eth_component->get_ip_addresses();
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.h b/esphome/components/network/util.h
index e4e8a01f8c..65a578c22f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "ip_address.h"
@@ -51,32 +52,16 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline bool is_connected() {
   return false;
 }
 
-/// Return whether the network is disabled (only wifi for now)
+/// Return whether the network is disabled: every configured interface with a
+/// disable() lifecycle (modem, wifi, ethernet) is disabled.
 bool is_disabled();
-/// Get the active network hostname
-ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline const char *get_use_address() {
-  // Global component pointers are guaranteed to be set by component constructors when USE_* is defined
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
-  return ethernet::global_eth_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MODEM
-  return modem::global_modem_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
-  return wifi::global_wifi_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
-  return openthread::global_openthread_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(USE_ETHERNET) && !defined(USE_MODEM) && !defined(USE_WIFI) && !defined(USE_OPENTHREAD)
-  // Fallback when no network component is defined (e.g., host platform)
-  return "";
-#endif
-}
+/// Buffer size for get_use_address_to(): 63-char DNS label + ".local" + null terminator
+static constexpr size_t USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE = 70;
+/// Get the active network address for logging. Returns the explicitly configured
+/// use_address when one was set (from the highest-priority interface when
+/// network: priority: is configured), otherwise formats "<name>.local" from the runtime
+/// device name into buf (so it includes the MAC suffix from name_add_mac_suffix).
+const char *get_use_address_to(std::span<char, USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE> buf);
 IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
 
 }  // namespace esphome::network
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nextion/__init__.py
index 38f449dc03..efb6c88d28 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/__init__.py
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
         "nextion_upload_arduino.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
         },
     }
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
index 89e9b93520..3f5ba94b40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, esp32, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_ON_TOUCH
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BRIGHTNESS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_LAMBDA,
+    CONF_ON_TOUCH,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriod
 
 from . import (  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
@@ -135,7 +142,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TFT_URL): cv.url,
+            # TFT upload needs an HTTP client and runtime UART reconfiguration,
+            # neither of which is implemented for the RP2 or host platforms.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TFT_URL): cv.All(
+                cv.url,
+                cv.only_on(
+                    [
+                        PLATFORM_ESP32,
+                        PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TOUCH_SLEEP_TIMEOUT): cv.Any(
                 0, cv.int_range(min=3, max=65535)
             ),
@@ -273,7 +290,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
+            # and esp-tls, whose sdkconfig options below need the component present
             esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+            esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
             esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TLS_INSECURE", True)
             esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
                 "CONFIG_ESP_TLS_SKIP_SERVER_CERT_VERIFY", True
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index 4ebc717552..bdc66adb70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "nextion.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <new>
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -352,8 +353,9 @@ void Nextion::loop() {
     this->connection_state_.ignore_is_setup_ = false;
   }
 
-  this->process_serial_();            // Receive serial data
-  this->process_nextion_commands_();  // Process nextion return commands
+  this->process_serial_();             // Receive serial data
+  this->process_nextion_commands_();   // Process nextion return commands
+  this->purge_stale_queue_entries_();  // Drop expired entries even when the display sends no data
 
   if (!this->connection_state_.nextion_reports_is_setup_) {
     if (this->started_ms_ == 0)
@@ -902,6 +904,11 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
     this->command_data_.erase(0, to_process_length + DELIMITER_SIZE + 1);
   }
 
+  ESP_LOGN(TAG, "Loop end");
+  this->process_serial_();
+}  // Nextion::process_nextion_commands_()
+
+void Nextion::purge_stale_queue_entries_() {
   const uint32_t ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->max_q_age_ms_ > 0 && !this->nextion_queue_.empty() &&
@@ -927,10 +934,7 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
       }
     }
   }
-  ESP_LOGN(TAG, "Loop end");
-  // App.feed_wdt(); Remove before master merge
-  this->process_serial_();
-}  // Nextion::process_nextion_commands_()
+}
 
 void Nextion::set_nextion_sensor_state(int queue_type, const std::string &name, float state) {
   this->set_nextion_sensor_state(static_cast<NextionQueueType>(queue_type), name, state);
@@ -1101,7 +1105,13 @@ void Nextion::add_no_result_to_queue_(const std::string &variable_name) {
   new (nextion_queue) nextion::NextionQueue();
 
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  nextion_queue->component = new nextion::NextionComponentBase;
+  nextion_queue->component = new (std::nothrow) nextion::NextionComponentBase;
+  if (nextion_queue->component == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Component alloc failed");
+    nextion_queue->~NextionQueue();
+    allocator.deallocate(nextion_queue, 1);
+    return;
+  }
   nextion_queue->component->set_variable_name(variable_name);
 
   nextion_queue->queue_time = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
@@ -1157,7 +1167,13 @@ void Nextion::add_no_result_to_queue_with_pending_command_(const std::string &va
   }
   new (nextion_queue) nextion::NextionQueue();
 
-  nextion_queue->component = new nextion::NextionComponentBase;
+  nextion_queue->component = new (std::nothrow) nextion::NextionComponentBase;
+  if (nextion_queue->component == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Component alloc failed");
+    nextion_queue->~NextionQueue();
+    allocator.deallocate(nextion_queue, 1);
+    return;
+  }
   nextion_queue->component->set_variable_name(variable_name);
   nextion_queue->queue_time = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   nextion_queue->pending_command = command;  // Store command for retry
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h
index d361d9725b..aa9fe8abb3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
 #include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
 #include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
-#endif  // USE_ESP32 vs USE_ESP8266
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+#include <HTTPClient.h>
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 vs USE_ESP8266 vs USE_LIBRETINY
 #endif  // USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
 
 namespace esphome::nextion {
@@ -1486,6 +1488,10 @@ class Nextion final : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::
 
   void process_nextion_commands_();
   void process_serial_();
+  /// Drop queue entries older than max_q_age_ms_. Called from loop() so it also runs when the
+  /// display sends no data at all (disconnected or asleep), which would otherwise grow the queue
+  /// without bound.
+  void purge_stale_queue_entries_();
   uint16_t touch_sleep_timeout_ = 0;
   uint8_t wake_up_page_ = 255;
 #ifdef USE_NEXTION_CONF_START_UP_PAGE
@@ -1560,7 +1566,7 @@ class Nextion final : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::
    * @return position of last byte transferred, -1 for failure.
    */
   int upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &range_start);
-#elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   /**
    * will request chunk_size chunks from the web server
    * and send each to the nextion
@@ -1569,7 +1575,7 @@ class Nextion final : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::
    * @return position of last byte transferred, -1 for failure.
    */
   int upload_by_chunks_(HTTPClient &http_client, uint32_t &range_start);
-#endif  // USE_ESP32 vs USE_ARDUINO
+#endif  // USE_ESP32 vs USE_ESP8266/USE_LIBRETINY
 
   /**
    * Ends the upload process, restart Nextion and, if successful,
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
index 41379c2345..f02f32d5ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "nextion.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::nextion {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload.arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload";
 static constexpr size_t NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES = 16;
 
 // Timeout for display acknowledgment during TFT upload (ms).
@@ -209,7 +209,6 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   http_client.setTimeout(this->tft_upload_http_timeout_);
 
   bool begin_status = false;
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #if USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE >= VERSION_CODE(2, 7, 0)
   http_client.setFollowRedirects(HTTPC_STRICT_FOLLOW_REDIRECTS);
 #elif USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE >= VERSION_CODE(2, 6, 0)
@@ -219,7 +218,6 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   http_client.setRedirectLimit(3);
 #endif
   begin_status = http_client.begin(*this->get_wifi_client_(), this->tft_url_.c_str());
-#endif  // USE_ESP8266
   if (!begin_status) {
     this->connection_state_.is_updating_ = false;
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Connection failed");
@@ -356,7 +354,6 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   return upload_end_(true);
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
 WiFiClient *Nextion::get_wifi_client_() {
   if (this->tft_url_.starts_with("https:")) {
     if (this->wifi_client_secure_ == nullptr) {
@@ -374,9 +371,8 @@ WiFiClient *Nextion::get_wifi_client_() {
   }
   return this->wifi_client_;
 }
-#endif  // USE_ESP8266
 
 }  // namespace esphome::nextion
 
-#endif  // NOT USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
 #endif  // USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
index cd8feab84f..c4dc74b5d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::nextion {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload";
 static constexpr size_t NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES = 16;
 
 // Timeout for display acknowledgment during TFT upload (ms).
@@ -44,17 +44,60 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Range: %s", range_header);
   esp_http_client_set_header(http_client, "Range", range_header);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Open HTTP");
-  esp_err_t err = esp_http_client_open(http_client, 0);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP open failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-    return -1;
+  int chunk_size = -1;
+  int status_code = -1;
+  esp_err_t last_err = ESP_FAIL;
+  for (uint8_t attempt = 0; attempt < this->tft_upload_http_retries_; attempt++) {
+    status_code = -1;
+    last_err = esp_http_client_open(http_client, 0);
+    if (last_err == ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Fetch length");
+      chunk_size = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(http_client);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Length: %d", chunk_size);
+      if (chunk_size >= 0) {
+        status_code = esp_http_client_get_status_code(http_client);
+        // Accept the requested range (206 with exact length) or a full-body 200
+        // only from offset 0; elsewhere a 200 replays the file and corrupts the display.
+        if (chunk_size > 0 &&
+            ((status_code == 206 && chunk_size == static_cast<int>(range_end - range_start + 1)) ||
+             (status_code == 200 && range_start == 0 && chunk_size == static_cast<int>(this->tft_size_)))) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (status_code == 200) {
+          if (range_start == 0) {
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unexpected length for 200 response: %d (expected %d)", chunk_size,
+                     static_cast<int>(this->tft_size_));
+          } else {
+            // A server that ignored the range once will ignore it again
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server does not support range requests (got 200 at offset %" PRIu32 ")", range_start);
+          }
+          chunk_size = -1;
+          last_err = ESP_FAIL;
+          break;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bad response: status %d, length %d (expected %" PRIu32 ")", status_code, chunk_size,
+                 range_end - range_start + 1);
+        chunk_size = -1;
+        last_err = ESP_FAIL;
+        // A 4xx (except timeout/rate-limit) won't improve on retry
+        if (status_code >= 400 && status_code < 500 && status_code != 408 && status_code != 429) {
+          break;
+        }
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Get length failed: %d", chunk_size);
+        last_err = ESP_FAIL;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP open failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(last_err));
+    }
+    // The server may have dropped the keep-alive connection while the display
+    // was busy processing a chunk; close so the next attempt reconnects.
+    esp_http_client_close(http_client);
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(2));  // NOLINT
+    App.feed_wdt();
   }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Fetch length");
-  const int chunk_size = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(http_client);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Length: %d", chunk_size);
   if (chunk_size <= 0) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Get length failed: %d", chunk_size);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP request failed, last status: %d, last error: %s", status_code, esp_err_to_name(last_err));
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -164,6 +207,9 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
         } else {
           range_start = range_end + 1;
         }
+        // The response body may be only partially read; close so the next
+        // range request starts on a clean connection.
+        esp_http_client_close(http_client);
         // Deallocate buffer
         allocator.deallocate(buffer, 4096);
         buffer = nullptr;
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 47cf014550..e9747d7a14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import Nfcc, NfcTagListener, nfc_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ NfcTagBinarySensor = nfc_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_uid(value):
+def validate_uid(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     for x in value.split("-"):
         if len(x) != 2:
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_NFCC_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py b/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py
index 19c4b6a08e..89fff517fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/noblex/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,5 +10,5 @@ NoblexClimate = noblex_ns.class_("NoblexClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(NoblexClimate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py b/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a8e2609ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import base64
+import binascii
+from typing import Any
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
+
+noise_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("noise")
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
+
+
+def validate_encryption_key(value: Any) -> str:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    try:
+        decoded = base64.b64decode(value, validate=True)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid key format, please check it's using base64") from err
+
+    if len(decoded) != 32:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Encryption key must be base64 and 32 bytes long")
+
+    # Return original data for roundtrip conversion
+    return value
+
+
+def decode_encryption_key(value: str) -> bytes:
+    """Decode a base64 encryption key to its 32 raw bytes.
+
+    a2b_base64 matches the decode the clients use (aioesphomeapi
+    decode_noise_psk), so both ends derive the same bytes. The length is
+    re-checked so a caller cannot turn an unvalidated short decode into a
+    zero-padded PSK.
+    """
+    try:
+        decoded = binascii.a2b_base64(value)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid key format, please check it's using base64") from err
+    if len(decoded) != 32:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Encryption key must be base64 and 32 bytes long")
+    return decoded
+
+
+ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_KEY): cv.sensitive(validate_encryption_key),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def encryption_schema(config: ConfigType | None) -> ConfigType:
+    # A bare `encryption:` block is valid; a missing key means the consumer
+    # falls back to its keyless behavior (api provisioning, ota inheriting
+    # the api key).
+    if config is None:
+        config = {}
+    return ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_define("USE_NOISE")
+    cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.21")
+    # noise-c depends on libsodium, but declaring it here too lets the
+    # library manager see the full set up front instead of discovering
+    # libsodium only after noise-c has downloaded, so the two can download
+    # in parallel. The version must match noise-c's library.json.
+    cg.add_library("esphome/libsodium", "1.10021.4")
+    # Enable optimized memzero/memcmp in libsodium instead of volatile byte loops
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS=1")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_INLINE_ASM=1")
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise.cpp b/esphome/components/noise/noise.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95fab322db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include "noise.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <pgmspace.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "noise";
+
+const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err) {
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NO_MEMORY)
+    return LOG_STR("NO_MEMORY");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ID)
+    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_ID");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_NAME)
+    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_NAME");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)
+    return LOG_STR("MAC_FAILURE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NOT_APPLICABLE)
+    return LOG_STR("NOT_APPLICABLE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_SYSTEM)
+    return LOG_STR("SYSTEM");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED)
+    return LOG_STR("REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED)
+    return LOG_STR("LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_PSK_REQUIRED)
+    return LOG_STR("PSK_REQUIRED");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_LENGTH");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PARAM");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_STATE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_NONCE)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_NONCE");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_FORMAT)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_FORMAT");
+  if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE)
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_SIGNATURE");
+  return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
+}
+
+const LogString *reject_reason_for(int err) {
+  return err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure") : LOG_STR("Handshake error");
+}
+
+size_t format_reject_payload(uint8_t *buf, size_t capacity, const LogString *reason) {
+  if (capacity == 0) {
+    // A caller bug; the MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE static_asserts at the call
+    // sites make this unreachable, kept as cheap memory safety
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Reject buffer has no capacity");
+    return 0;
+  }
+  buf[0] = HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT;
+#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
+  // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
+  size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
+  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, capacity - 1);
+  if (reason_len > 0) {
+    memcpy_P(buf + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
+  }
+#else
+  const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
+  size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
+  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, capacity - 1);
+  if (reason_len > 0) {
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - binary protocol, not a C string
+    std::memcpy(buf + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
+  }
+#endif
+  return reason_len + 1;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise.h b/esphome/components/noise/noise.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9da8d35b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+using psk_t = std::array<uint8_t, 32>;
+
+class NoiseContext {
+ public:
+  // The all-zeros PSK is reserved: it marks the device as unprovisioned and
+  // doubles as the well-known provisioning PSK that unprovisioned devices
+  // accept for Noise handshakes (passive-sniffing protection only, no
+  // authentication). It is never a valid real key.
+  static bool is_all_zeros(const psk_t &psk) {
+    uint8_t acc = 0;
+    for (uint8_t b : psk) {
+      acc |= b;
+    }
+    return acc == 0;
+  }
+  void set_psk(psk_t psk) {
+    this->psk_ = psk;
+    this->has_psk_ = !is_all_zeros(psk);
+  }
+  const psk_t &get_psk() const { return this->psk_; }
+  bool has_psk() const { return this->has_psk_; }
+
+ protected:
+  psk_t psk_{};
+  bool has_psk_{false};
+};
+
+/// Convert a noise error code to a readable error
+const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err);
+
+// Shared wire format for the noise transports (api and ota): every frame is
+// FRAME_INDICATOR, a 16-bit big-endian payload length, then the payload.
+// Handshake payloads start with a status byte; transport payloads end with
+// the ChaCha20-Poly1305 MAC.
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_INDICATOR = 0x01;
+static constexpr size_t FRAME_HEADER_SIZE = 3;
+static constexpr size_t MAC_SIZE = 16;
+static constexpr size_t MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE = 128;
+static constexpr uint8_t HANDSHAKE_STATUS_OK = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT = 0x01;
+
+inline void write_frame_header(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t payload_len) {
+  buf[0] = FRAME_INDICATOR;
+  buf[1] = (uint8_t) (payload_len >> 8);
+  buf[2] = (uint8_t) payload_len;
+}
+
+/// Fill buf with a handshake reject payload (status byte plus the reason
+/// text, PROGMEM aware); returns the payload length. buf needs capacity for
+/// the status byte plus the truncated reason.
+size_t format_reject_payload(uint8_t *buf, size_t capacity, const LogString *reason);
+
+/// Reject reason for a failed handshake read. The MAC failure string is a
+/// wire contract: clients match it to report a wrong key.
+const LogString *reject_reason_for(int err);
+
+/// Payload size of the MAC failure reject, the one reason string that is a
+/// wire contract (sizeof's NUL stands in for the status byte). static_assert
+/// reject buffers against this so a wrong key report can never truncate;
+/// longer caller-supplied reasons are informational and sized by the caller.
+static constexpr size_t MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE = sizeof("Handshake MAC failure");
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.cpp b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d426de012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#include "noise_handshake.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "noise";
+
+// Log the failing noise-c call at the same verbosity the api helper used
+// before this class existed; callers only see one collapsed error code.
+#define HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG(func_name, err_code) \
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s failed: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(LOG_STR(func_name)), LOG_STR_ARG(noise_err_to_logstr(err_code)))
+
+NoiseResponderHandshake::~NoiseResponderHandshake() {
+  if (this->handshake_ != nullptr) {
+    noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+    this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::init(const psk_t &psk, const uint8_t *prologue, size_t prologue_len) {
+  if (this->handshake_ != nullptr) {
+    noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+    this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256, built on the stack:
+  // noise_handshakestate_new_by_id copies it, so a member would waste
+  // 104 bytes per connection, and a static const would sit in RAM on
+  // ESP8266 (.rodata is DRAM there).
+  const NoiseProtocolId nid = {
+      .prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD,
+      .pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN,
+      .modifier_ids = {NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0},
+      .dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519,
+      .cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY,
+      .hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256,
+      .hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE,
+  };
+
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&this->handshake_, &nid, NOISE_ROLE_RESPONDER);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_new_by_id", err);
+    return err;
+  }
+  err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(this->handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key", err);
+    return this->fail_init_(err);
+  }
+  err = noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(this->handshake_, prologue, prologue_len);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_set_prologue", err);
+    return this->fail_init_(err);
+  }
+  err = noise_handshakestate_start(this->handshake_);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    HANDSHAKE_STEP_LOG("noise_handshakestate_start", err);
+    return this->fail_init_(err);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/// Release a half-initialized state so a failed init() leaves the object as
+/// if init() was never called.
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::fail_init_(int err) {
+  noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+  this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  return err;
+}
+
+NoiseResponderHandshake::Action NoiseResponderHandshake::action() const {
+  if (this->handshake_ == nullptr) {
+    // A caller bug: init() was never called, or split() already released the state
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "action() on uninitialized or split handshake");
+    return Action::ACTION_FAILED;
+  }
+  int raw = noise_handshakestate_get_action(this->handshake_);
+  switch (raw) {
+    case NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE:
+      return Action::ACTION_READ;
+    case NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE:
+      return Action::ACTION_WRITE;
+    case NOISE_ACTION_SPLIT:
+      return Action::ACTION_SPLIT;
+    default:
+      // Preserve the raw code in debug logs; callers only see the collapsed enum
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Unexpected noise action %d", raw);
+      return Action::ACTION_FAILED;
+  }
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::read_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, data, len);
+  return noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::write_message(uint8_t *out, size_t capacity, size_t &out_len) {
+  out_len = 0;
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, out, capacity);
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  if (err == 0)
+    out_len = mbuf.size;
+  return err;
+}
+
+int NoiseResponderHandshake::split(NoiseCipherState *&send_cipher, NoiseCipherState *&recv_cipher) {
+  // Defined error postcondition: noise-c leaves the out-params unwritten on
+  // its early error returns, so a caller passing uninitialized locals must
+  // never see garbage to free
+  send_cipher = nullptr;
+  recv_cipher = nullptr;
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_split(this->handshake_, &send_cipher, &recv_cipher);
+  if (err != 0)
+    return err;
+  noise_handshakestate_free(this->handshake_);
+  this->handshake_ = nullptr;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+// noise-c's only randomness source (the vendored library compiles no rand of
+// its own); HWRNG backed. Lives in this TU so every handshake consumer links
+// it and the definition can never be dropped from the archive.
+void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
+  if (!esphome::random_bytes(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(output), len)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Acquiring random bytes failed; rebooting");
+    arch_restart();
+  }
+}
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30596f35c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_NOISE
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#include "noise.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise {
+
+/** Sans-IO responder side of a Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256 handshake.
+ *
+ * Owns only the noise-c handshake state; the caller moves the raw handshake
+ * messages (no framing) over its own transport, driven by action():
+ * read_message() while READ, write_message() while WRITE, then split() to
+ * take ownership of the transport ciphers. All methods return a noise-c
+ * error code, 0 on success. Called outside their action() step (before
+ * init(), after split()) the message methods return a noise-c error rather
+ * than crashing; the library checks its state argument.
+ *
+ * Methods are deliberately small separate functions so callers on tight
+ * stacks (RP2040 core0 scratch bank) never pay for more than one branch;
+ * the curve25519 step alone needs ~2KB of stack.
+ */
+class NoiseResponderHandshake {
+ public:
+  // The ACTION_ prefix is macro-collision safety: SDK headers #define bare
+  // names like READ/WRITE, and macros expand even inside an enum class.
+  enum class Action : uint8_t { ACTION_READ, ACTION_WRITE, ACTION_SPLIT, ACTION_FAILED };
+
+  NoiseResponderHandshake() = default;
+  ~NoiseResponderHandshake();
+  // Owns a raw noise-c handshake state; copying would double free it
+  NoiseResponderHandshake(const NoiseResponderHandshake &) = delete;
+  NoiseResponderHandshake &operator=(const NoiseResponderHandshake &) = delete;
+
+  /// Create and start the handshake with the given PSK and prologue. A
+  /// repeated call frees the previous handshake state and starts over.
+  [[nodiscard]] int init(const psk_t &psk, const uint8_t *prologue, size_t prologue_len);
+  /// ACTION_FAILED is the catch-all: returned before init(), after split()
+  /// has released the state, and when noise-c reports a failed handshake.
+  [[nodiscard]] Action action() const;
+  /// Process one received handshake message. The buffer is consumed in
+  /// place: noise-c decrypts into it and zeroes it before returning.
+  [[nodiscard]] int read_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  /// Produce the next handshake message into out; out_len receives its size
+  /// and is zero on error.
+  [[nodiscard]] int write_message(uint8_t *out, size_t capacity, size_t &out_len);
+  /// Hand out the transport ciphers and free the handshake state. The caller
+  /// owns both cipher states and must free them with noise_cipherstate_free();
+  /// both are set to nullptr on error.
+  [[nodiscard]] int split(NoiseCipherState *&send_cipher, NoiseCipherState *&recv_cipher);
+
+ protected:
+  int fail_init_(int err);
+
+  NoiseHandshakeState *handshake_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise
+#endif  // USE_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py b/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py
index d13e72f5f8..4c7db10ce9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/npi19/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bakerkj"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index 00271c97c7..aeeaba0c11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     get_project_link_flags,
     run_command_ok,
 )
-from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.helpers import rmtree, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -69,7 +69,12 @@ from .const import (
     BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6,
     BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7,
 )
-from .framework import check_and_install, get_build_env, get_build_paths
+from .framework import (
+    check_and_install,
+    get_build_env,
+    get_build_paths,
+    setup_platformio_python_env,
+)
 
 # force import gpio to register pin schema
 from .gpio import nrf52_pin_to_code  # noqa: F401
@@ -79,6 +84,11 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["zephyr", "preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Default framework versions per toolchain. The sdk-nrf one also keys the CI
+# sdk-nrf install cache and pins the clang-tidy project's SDK.
+RECOMMENDED_PLATFORMIO_VERSION = "2.6.1-b"
+RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION = "2.9.2"
+
 FAKE_BOARD_MANIFEST = """
 {
     "frameworks": [
@@ -115,15 +125,17 @@ def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _resolve_toolchain(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    if CORE.toolchain is None:
-        CORE.toolchain = config.get(CONF_TOOLCHAIN, Toolchain.PLATFORMIO)
-    return config
+_TOOLCHAINS = (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.SDK_NRF)
+_resolve_toolchain = cv.resolve_toolchain("nRF52", _TOOLCHAINS, Toolchain.SDK_NRF)
 
 
 def set_framework(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_VERSION not in config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]:
-        default_version = "2.6.1-b" if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio else "2.9.2"
+        default_version = (
+            RECOMMENDED_PLATFORMIO_VERSION
+            if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio
+            else RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION
+        )
         config = {
             **config,
             CONF_FRAMEWORK: {**config[CONF_FRAMEWORK], CONF_VERSION: default_version},
@@ -156,10 +168,7 @@ BOOTLOADERS = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate_toolchain(value) -> Toolchain:
-    return Toolchain(
-        cv.one_of(Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, Toolchain.SDK_NRF, lower=True)(value)
-    )
+_validate_toolchain = cv.toolchain_enum(_TOOLCHAINS)
 
 
 def _detect_bootloader(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -191,6 +200,7 @@ DeviceFirmwareUpdate = nrf52_ns.class_("DeviceFirmwareUpdate", cg.Component)
 
 CONF_DFU = "dfu"
 CONF_DCDC = "dcdc"
+CONF_LIBC_NANO = "libc_nano"
 CONF_REG0 = "reg0"
 CONF_UICR_ERASE = "uicr_erase"
 
@@ -223,7 +233,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(KEY_BOOTLOADER): cv.one_of(*BOOTLOADERS, lower=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DFU): _dfu_schema,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DCDC, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DCDC): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_REG0): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.Required(CONF_VOLTAGE): cv.All(
@@ -239,7 +249,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION): cv.string_strict,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED, default={}): cv.Schema(
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_LIBC_NANO, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_ADVANCED, default={}, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+                    ): cv.Schema(
                         {
                             cv.Optional(
                                 CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK, default=True
@@ -264,6 +277,14 @@ def _validate_mcumgr(config):
 
 
 def _final_validate(config):
+
+    # Remove before 2027.2.0
+    if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The 'platformio' toolchain for nRF52 is deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2027.2.0. "
+            "Please use 'toolchain: sdk-nrf' instead."
+        )
+
     if CONF_DFU in config:
         _validate_mcumgr(config)
     if config[KEY_BOOTLOADER] == BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT:
@@ -274,6 +295,13 @@ def _final_validate(config):
     conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
     advanced = conf[CONF_ADVANCED]
 
+    if conf[CONF_LIBC_NANO] and "logger" in CORE.loaded_integrations:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Logger is enabled with newlib-nano (libc_nano: true). Some format specifiers "
+            "such as %%zu are not supported and will print incorrectly. "
+            "Set 'libc_nano: false' under 'framework:' to use the full newlib."
+        )
+
     if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK]:
         # "disabled: false" means safe mode *is* enabled.
         safe_mode_config = full_config.get(CONF_SAFE_MODE, {CONF_DISABLED: True})
@@ -348,16 +376,17 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if dfu_config := config.get(CONF_DFU):
         CORE.add_job(_dfu_to_code, dfu_config)
     framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
-    if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
-        zephyr_add_prj_conf("BOARD_ENABLE_DCDC", config[CONF_DCDC])
-    else:
-        zephyr_add_overlay(
-            f"""
-                &reg1 {{
-                    regulator-initial-mode = <{"NRF5X_REG_MODE_DCDC" if config[CONF_DCDC] else "NRF5X_REG_MODE_LDO"}>;
-                }};
-            """
-        )
+    if CONF_DCDC in config:
+        if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
+            zephyr_add_prj_conf("BOARD_ENABLE_DCDC", config[CONF_DCDC])
+        else:
+            zephyr_add_overlay(
+                f"""
+                    &reg1 {{
+                        regulator-initial-mode = <{"NRF5X_REG_MODE_DCDC" if config[CONF_DCDC] else "NRF5X_REG_MODE_LDO"}>;
+                    }};
+                """
+            )
 
     if reg0_config := config.get(CONF_REG0):
         value = VOLTAGE_LEVELS.index(reg0_config[CONF_VOLTAGE])
@@ -370,6 +399,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Enable OTA rollback support
     if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK]:
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ROLLBACK")
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NEWLIB_LIBC", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NEWLIB_LIBC_FLOAT_PRINTF", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NEWLIB_LIBC_NANO", conf[CONF_LIBC_NANO])
     # c++ support
     if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("CPLUSPLUS", True)
@@ -411,6 +443,17 @@ async def _dfu_to_code(dfu_config):
 def copy_files() -> None:
     """Copy files to the build directory."""
 
+    # Library conversion to Zephyr modules is wired into the sdk-nrf
+    # CMakeLists only; the PlatformIO toolchain's forked platform package
+    # cannot compile external libraries at all, so the build would fail at
+    # link time anyway. Fail fast with a clear message instead.
+    if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio and CORE.platformio_libraries:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Libraries ({', '.join(sorted(CORE.platformio_libraries))}) are "
+            "not supported on the nRF52 'platformio' toolchain; use toolchain "
+            "'sdk-nrf' to build them as Zephyr modules."
+        )
+
     if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio and (
         zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER] == BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT
         or zephyr_data()[KEY_BOARD] == "xiao_ble"
@@ -425,11 +468,14 @@ def copy_files() -> None:
 
 def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     """Get the download types for the firmware."""
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     types = []
     UF2_PATH = "zephyr/zephyr.uf2"
     DFU_PATH = "firmware.zip"
-    HEX_PATH = "zephyr/zephyr.hex"
-    HEX_MERGED_PATH = "zephyr/merged.hex"
+    HEX_PATH = "zephyr/zephyr.hex"  # SDK 2.6.1, only generated when OTA is disabled
+    HEX_MERGED_PATH = "zephyr/merged.hex"  # SDK 2.9.2, always generated
     APP_IMAGE_PATH = "zephyr/app_update.bin"
     build_dir = Path(storage_json.firmware_bin_path).parent
     if (build_dir / UF2_PATH).is_file():
@@ -478,6 +524,7 @@ def _upload_using_platformio(
 ) -> int | str:
     from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
+    setup_platformio_python_env()
     if port is not None:
         upload_args += ["--upload-port", port]
     return toolchain.run_platformio_cli_run(config, CORE.verbose, *upload_args)
@@ -673,11 +720,17 @@ def _addr2line(addr2line: str, elf: Path, addr: str) -> str:
     return ""
 
 
+# The PC bound matches the gate in platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES;
+# the logger prints both registers with %08x, so a real PC is always
+# 8 digits. tests/unit_tests/test_stacktrace.py guards against drift.
+STACKTRACE_NRF52_PC_LR_RE = re.compile(r"PC=(0x[0-9a-fA-F]{3,})\s+LR=(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)")
+
+
 def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
     if "Last crash:" in line:
         return True
     if backtrace_state:
-        match = re.search(r"PC=(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+LR=(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)", line)
+        match = STACKTRACE_NRF52_PC_LR_RE.search(line)
         if match:
             pc = match.group(1)
             lr = match.group(2)
@@ -686,10 +739,22 @@ def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) ->
             addr2line = find_tool("addr2line")
             if addr2line is None:
                 return False
-            elf = CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name, "firmware.elf")
-            if not elf.exists():
-                _LOGGER.warning("%s does not exists", elf)
+
+            candidates = [
+                CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name, "zephyr", "zephyr", "zephyr.elf"),
+                CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name, "zephyr", "zephyr.elf"),
+                CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name, "firmware.elf"),
+            ]
+
+            elf = next((path for path in candidates if path.exists()), None)
+
+            if elf is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "None of the expected ELF files exist:\n%s",
+                    "\n".join(str(p) for p in candidates),
+                )
                 return False
+
             _LOGGER.error("=== CRASH ===")
             _LOGGER.error("PC: %s", _addr2line(addr2line, elf, pc))
             _LOGGER.error("LR: %s", _addr2line(addr2line, elf, lr))
@@ -697,15 +762,31 @@ def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) ->
     return False
 
 
-def _generate_cmake_lists() -> None:
+def _generate_cmake_lists() -> bool:
+    """Write the project CMakeLists.txt, returning True if it changed."""
     compile_flags = get_project_compile_flags()
     link_flags = get_project_link_flags()
 
+    # Convert any PlatformIO libraries added via cg.add_library() into Zephyr
+    # modules and discover them through EXTRA_ZEPHYR_MODULES (a CMake list, set
+    # before find_package(Zephyr) so the modules are picked up). Only
+    # framework-agnostic libraries actually compile under Zephyr.
+    from esphome.components.zephyr.library import generate_zephyr_modules
+
+    module_dirs = generate_zephyr_modules(list(CORE.platformio_libraries.values()))
+
     lines = [
         "cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20.0)",
         "",
         'set(Zephyr_DIR "$ENV{ZEPHYR_BASE}/share/zephyr-package/cmake/")',
         "",
+    ]
+
+    if module_dirs:
+        modules = ";".join(str(d).replace("\\", "/") for d in module_dirs)
+        lines += [f'set(EXTRA_ZEPHYR_MODULES "{modules}")', ""]
+
+    lines += [
         "find_package(Zephyr REQUIRED)",
         "",
         f"project({CORE.name})",
@@ -732,14 +813,23 @@ def _generate_cmake_lists() -> None:
             ")",
         ]
 
-    write_file_if_changed(
+    return write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr", "CMakeLists.txt"),
         "\n".join(lines) + "\n",
     )
 
 
+def _copy_if_exists(src: Path, dst: Path) -> None:
+    if src.is_file():
+        shutil.copy2(src, dst)
+
+
 def run_compile(args, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
     if CORE.using_toolchain_platformio:
+        # The actual build is done by PlatformIO (the caller falls through to
+        # it when this returns False); prepare the Python environment its
+        # Zephyr build script expects first.
+        setup_platformio_python_env()
         return False
     if not CORE.using_toolchain_sdk_nrf:
         raise EsphomeError(
@@ -751,12 +841,23 @@ def run_compile(args, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
     paths = get_build_paths()
     env = get_build_env()
 
-    _generate_cmake_lists()
+    cmake_lists_changed = _generate_cmake_lists()
 
     board = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOARD]
     build_dir = CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name)
     source_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr")
 
+    # A missing CMake cache (dropped by zephyr's copy_files() on config
+    # change) or a changed CMakeLists.txt requires a pristine build: Zephyr
+    # caches Kconfig/devicetree state that survives a plain cmake re-run.
+    # West can't do the wipe — its pristine modes only recognize a build dir
+    # by reading ZEPHYR_BASE from the very cache that was dropped.
+    if (
+        cmake_lists_changed or not (build_dir / "CMakeCache.txt").is_file()
+    ) and build_dir.is_dir():
+        _LOGGER.info("Build inputs changed, cleaning %s", build_dir)
+        rmtree(build_dir)
+
     west_cmd = [
         str(paths["python_executable"]),
         "-m",
@@ -778,15 +879,9 @@ def run_compile(args, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
     ):
         raise EsphomeError("nRF52 native build failed")
 
-    # Zephyr's cmake places kernel artifacts in build_dir/zephyr/zephyr/ and
-    # merged.hex at build_dir/. Normalize to build_dir/zephyr/ so paths match
-    # get_download_types (which mirrors the platformio build output layout).
     zephyr_dir = build_dir / "zephyr"
-    west_out = zephyr_dir / "zephyr"
-    for filename in ["zephyr.uf2"]:
-        src = west_out / filename
-        if src.is_file():
-            shutil.copy2(src, zephyr_dir / filename)
+    framework_ver = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
+    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
 
     # (dev_type, sd_req) per bootloader — values from Nordic SoftDevice release notes
     _GENPKG_PARAMS = {
@@ -794,14 +889,61 @@ def run_compile(args, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
         BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6: ("0x0052", "0x00B6"),
         BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7: ("0x0052", "0x00CA"),
     }
-    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
+    # UF2 family IDs — nRF52832 vs nRF52840 per SoftDevice variant
+    _UF2_FAMILY_IDS = {
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD132: "0x7EAED30A",
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6: "0xADA52840",
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7: "0xADA52840",
+    }
+
+    # SDK < 2.9.2 places artifacts directly in build_dir/zephyr/.
+    # SDK >= 2.9.2 nests them one level deeper (build_dir/zephyr/zephyr/);
+    # copy files to match get_download_types layout.
+    if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
+        west_out = zephyr_dir
+    else:
+        west_out = zephyr_dir / "zephyr"
+        _copy_if_exists(west_out / "zephyr.uf2", zephyr_dir / "zephyr.uf2")
+        _copy_if_exists(west_out / "zephyr.signed.bin", zephyr_dir / "app_update.bin")
+        _copy_if_exists(build_dir / "merged.hex", zephyr_dir / "merged.hex")
+
+    # For Adafruit bootloader builds, regenerate the UF2 from merged.hex,
+    # whose records carry the correct flash addresses. The build's own
+    # zephyr.uf2 uses the board's default offset, which is wrong in some cases.
+    merged_hex = zephyr_dir / "merged.hex"
+    if bootloader in _UF2_FAMILY_IDS and merged_hex.is_file():
+        # Drop the build's own wrong-offset UF2 so it isn't shipped alongside.
+        app_uf2 = west_out / "zephyr.uf2"
+        if app_uf2.is_file():
+            app_uf2.unlink()
+        uf2conv = (
+            paths["framework_path"] / "zephyr" / "scripts" / "build" / "uf2conv.py"
+        )
+        if not run_command_ok(
+            [
+                str(paths["python_executable"]),
+                str(uf2conv),
+                "-f",
+                _UF2_FAMILY_IDS[bootloader],
+                "-c",
+                "-o",
+                str(zephyr_dir / "zephyr.uf2"),
+                str(merged_hex),
+            ],
+            env=env,
+            stream_output=True,
+        ):
+            raise EsphomeError("Failed to generate UF2 from merged hex")
+
     if bootloader in (
         BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT,
         BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD132,
         BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6,
         BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7,
     ):
-        hex_file = west_out / "zephyr.hex"
+        # no fallback is needed for adafruit case. merged merged.hex is always generated.
+        # get_download_types needs fallback for mcuboot (non adafruit)
+        hex_file = zephyr_dir / "merged.hex"
         dfu_package = build_dir / "firmware.zip"
         genpkg_cmd = [
             str(paths["python_executable"]),
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/clang_tidy.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/clang_tidy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dd4b7bd09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/clang_tidy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+"""Generate clang-tidy compile commands via the native sdk-nrf toolchain.
+
+Produces a ``compile_commands.json`` for the nrf52/Zephyr clang-tidy
+environment **without an ESPHome YAML config**, mirroring
+``esphome.espidf.clang_tidy``: generate a minimal Zephyr application, run a
+configure-only west build with the native sdk-nrf toolchain, and let
+``script/helpers_zephyr.py`` extract idedata from the resulting compile
+commands.
+
+* the stub app is C++ so the compile commands carry C++ flags, matching how
+  clang-tidy analyzes ESPHome's sources;
+* ``prj.conf`` enables the Kconfig superset ESPHome components need (BT, ADC,
+  mcumgr, zigbee) so their include paths land in the compile commands;
+* the platform defines (USE_ZEPHYR, USE_NRF52) match what a real ESPHome
+  nrf52 build adds via its generated project.
+
+``ESPHOME_ZEPHYR_COMPILE_COMMANDS`` may point at an existing build's
+``compile_commands.json`` to skip generation (fast iteration).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+TIDY_PROJECT_NAME = "esphome_tidy"
+
+# Analyzed against the native toolchain's default SDK version
+# (RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION), which also keys the CI install cache.
+_TIDY_BOARD = "adafruit_itsybitsy_nrf52840"
+
+# Never compiled (the build is configure-only): the file exists only so the
+# app target emits a C++ compile command to harvest flags/includes from.
+_TIDY_MAIN_CPP = "int main() { return 0; }\n"
+
+# Kconfig superset enabling every subsystem an ESPHome nrf52 component may
+# use, so the compile commands carry all of their include paths.
+_TIDY_PRJ_CONF = """\
+CONFIG_CPP=y
+CONFIG_STD_CPP20=y
+CONFIG_REQUIRES_FULL_LIBCPP=y
+CONFIG_NEWLIB_LIBC=y
+CONFIG_BT=y
+CONFIG_ADC=y
+# posix (time sets POSIX_CLOCK, socket sets POSIX_API); without it the
+# Zephyr POSIX headers clash with the libc ones under analysis
+CONFIG_POSIX_API=y
+#mcumgr begin
+CONFIG_NET_BUF=y
+CONFIG_ZCBOR=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG=y
+CONFIG_IMG_MANAGER=y
+CONFIG_STREAM_FLASH=y
+CONFIG_FLASH_MAP=y
+CONFIG_FLASH=y
+CONFIG_IMG_ERASE_PROGRESSIVELY=y
+CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_MGMT_NOTIFICATION_HOOKS=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_STATUS_HOOKS=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_UPLOAD_CHECK_HOOK=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_UART=y
+#mcumgr end
+#zigbee begin
+CONFIG_ZIGBEE=y
+CONFIG_CRYPTO=y
+CONFIG_NVS=y
+CONFIG_SETTINGS=y
+#zigbee end
+"""
+
+
+def _tidy_cmakelists(library_include_dirs: str) -> str:
+    # The defines a real ESPHome nrf52 build puts on the app target.
+    # ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL must be set up front -- otherwise log.h's ``#ifndef``
+    # sets it to NONE, a macro-redefined warning across nearly every source.
+    return f"""\
+# Auto-generated by ESPHome (clang-tidy compile-commands project)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20.0)
+set(Zephyr_DIR "$ENV{{ZEPHYR_BASE}}/share/zephyr-package/cmake/")
+find_package(Zephyr REQUIRED)
+project({TIDY_PROJECT_NAME})
+target_sources(app PRIVATE main.cpp)
+target_compile_definitions(app PRIVATE
+  USE_ZEPHYR
+  USE_NRF52
+  ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
+)
+target_include_directories(app PRIVATE
+{library_include_dirs}
+)
+"""
+
+
+def _parse_lib_deps(platformio_ini: Path) -> list:
+    """Parse the nrf52 env's ``lib_deps`` from platformio.ini into Library specs.
+
+    These are the PlatformIO libraries ESPHome components pull in via
+    ``cg.add_library`` (ArduinoJson, dlms_parser, ...); their headers must be
+    on the tidy translation unit's include path. Mirrors the pio nrf52 env's
+    ``lib_deps`` composition (``common.lib_deps_base`` +
+    ``common:idf-component-libs``).
+    """
+    import configparser
+
+    from esphome.core import Library
+
+    parser = configparser.ConfigParser(interpolation=None, strict=False)
+    parser.read(platformio_ini)
+
+    tokens: list[str] = []
+    for section, key in (
+        ("common", "lib_deps_base"),
+        ("common:idf-component-libs", "lib_deps"),
+    ):
+        if parser.has_option(section, key):
+            tokens += parser.get(section, key).splitlines()
+
+    libs: list[Library] = []
+    for token in tokens:
+        token = token.split(";", 1)[0].strip()  # drop trailing ; comment
+        if not token or token.startswith(("${", "+<")):
+            continue
+        if "://" in token or ".git" in token:
+            libs.append(Library(token, None, token))  # git repository (with #ref)
+        elif "@" in token:
+            name, _, version = token.partition("@")
+            libs.append(Library(name, version))
+    return libs
+
+
+def _library_include_dirs(platformio_ini: Path) -> list[str]:
+    """Resolve the pio libraries and return their include roots."""
+    from esphome.platformio.library import LibraryBackend, convert_libraries
+
+    dirs: list[str] = []
+
+    def emit(component) -> None:
+        build = component.data.get("build", {})
+        candidates = {build.get("includeDir", "include"), build.get("srcDir", "src")}
+        candidates.update({"src", "."})
+        for candidate in sorted(candidates):
+            path = (component.path / candidate).resolve()
+            if path.is_dir():
+                dirs.append(str(path))
+
+    backend = LibraryBackend(
+        platform="nordicnrf52", framework="zephyr", emit=emit, cache_key="zephyr"
+    )
+    convert_libraries(_parse_lib_deps(platformio_ini), backend)
+    return sorted(set(dirs))
+
+
+def _setup_core(work_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Point CORE at the tidy project + SDK version, without any YAML config."""
+    from esphome.components.zephyr.const import KEY_ZEPHYR
+    import esphome.config_validation as cv
+    from esphome.const import (
+        KEY_CORE,
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+        PLATFORM_NRF52,
+        Toolchain,
+    )
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    from . import RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION
+
+    CORE.name = TIDY_PROJECT_NAME
+    # config_path's parent is the data-dir root for per-run artifacts. The
+    # sdk-nrf install is in the global cache dir, independent of this path.
+    CORE.config_path = work_dir.parent / "tidy.yaml"
+    CORE.build_path = work_dir
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.SDK_NRF
+    CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_CORE, {})[KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_NRF52
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] = KEY_ZEPHYR
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] = cv.Version.parse(
+        RECOMMENDED_SDK_NRF_VERSION
+    )
+
+
+def generate_compile_commands(work_dir: Path, platformio_ini: Path) -> Path:
+    """Generate the tidy Zephyr project and run a configure-only west build.
+
+    Returns the path to the generated ``compile_commands.json``.
+    """
+    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import run_command_ok
+    from esphome.helpers import rmtree
+
+    from .framework import check_and_install, get_build_env, get_build_paths
+
+    # Surface ESPHome's INFO logs (sdk-nrf download/west update) -- they go
+    # through logging, which the clang-tidy script otherwise leaves at
+    # WARNING, so the first-run installation looks silent without this.
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(message)s")
+
+    _setup_core(work_dir)
+    check_and_install()
+
+    library_include_dirs = "\n".join(
+        f'  "{d}"' for d in _library_include_dirs(platformio_ini)
+    )
+    source_dir = work_dir / "zephyr"
+    source_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source_dir / "CMakeLists.txt").write_text(
+        _tidy_cmakelists(library_include_dirs), encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    (source_dir / "main.cpp").write_text(_TIDY_MAIN_CPP, encoding="utf-8")
+    (source_dir / "prj.conf").write_text(_TIDY_PRJ_CONF, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    # Always configure from scratch: west can't pristine a dir whose CMake
+    # cache is stale/missing, and a configure-only run is cheap.
+    build_dir = work_dir / "build"
+    if build_dir.is_dir():
+        rmtree(build_dir)
+
+    paths = get_build_paths()
+    # Build only the generated-headers target (syscall_list.h, offsets.h, ...)
+    # on top of the configure: clang-tidy needs those headers to exist, but a
+    # full firmware build would be wasted work. --no-sysbuild keeps sdk-nrf
+    # 2.9+ from wrapping the build in a multi-image sysbuild project, which
+    # would nest the compile commands and hide the headers target.
+    west_cmd = [
+        str(paths["python_executable"]),
+        "-m",
+        "west",
+        "build",
+        "--no-sysbuild",
+        "-b",
+        _TIDY_BOARD,
+        "-d",
+        str(build_dir),
+        str(source_dir),
+        "-t",
+        "zephyr_generated_headers",
+        "--",
+        "-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON",
+    ]
+    if not run_command_ok(
+        west_cmd,
+        env=get_build_env(),
+        stream_output=True,
+        cwd=str(paths["framework_path"]),
+    ):
+        raise EsphomeError("nRF52 clang-tidy configure failed")
+
+    return build_dir / "compile_commands.json"
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py
index 7aec6b088e..5e2cf197fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+import hashlib
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import platform
-import tempfile
+import shutil
+import sys
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
-    archive_extract_all,
     create_venv,
-    download_from_mirrors,
+    download_and_extract,
     get_python_env_executable_path,
     rmdir,
     run_command_ok,
@@ -19,7 +22,12 @@ from esphome.framework_helpers import (
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _REQUIREMENTS = Path(__file__).parent / "requirements.txt"
-_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION = "0.17.4"
+TOOLCHAIN_VERSION = "0.17.4"
+
+# Packages the PlatformIO toolchain's Zephyr build script needs beyond west
+# (which comes from requirements.txt). Keep the pin in sync with
+# framework-sdk-nrf scripts/platformio/platformio-build.py.
+_PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS: tuple[str, ...] = ("cbor2==5.6.5",)
 
 SDK_NG_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
     os.environ.get(
@@ -38,20 +46,38 @@ SDK_NG_MINIMAL_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
 )
 
 
-def _get_tools_path() -> Path:
-    return CORE.data_dir / "sdk-nrf"
+def get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() -> Path:
+    # Machine-global (OS user cache dir) so all projects share one install;
+    # see espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path for the location rationale.
+    return tools_cache_path(*SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE)
+
+
+def _needs_venv_rebuild(
+    env_python_path: Path, sentinel: Path, requirements_hash: str
+) -> bool:
+    """True when a penv must be (re)built.
+
+    Rebuild when the interpreter is not a regular file, which covers a
+    dangling symlink (a cached venv outliving a host interpreter upgrade)
+    and a corrupt restore, or when the sentinel is missing or stale.
+    """
+    return (
+        not env_python_path.is_file()
+        or not sentinel.exists()
+        or sentinel.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != requirements_hash
+    )
 
 
 def _get_python_env_path(version: str) -> Path:
-    return _get_tools_path() / "penvs" / version
+    return get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() / "penvs" / version
 
 
 def _get_framework_path(version: str) -> Path:
-    return _get_tools_path() / "frameworks" / version
+    return get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() / "frameworks" / version
 
 
 def _get_toolchain_path(version: str) -> Path:
-    return _get_tools_path() / "toolchains" / version
+    return get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() / "toolchains" / version
 
 
 _SITECUSTOMIZE = """\
@@ -119,19 +145,115 @@ def get_build_env() -> dict:
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["PATH"] = str(venv_bin_dir) + os.pathsep + env.get("PATH", "")
     env["ZEPHYR_BASE"] = str(_get_framework_path(version) / "zephyr")
-    env["Zephyr-sdk_DIR"] = str(_get_toolchain_path(_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION) / "cmake")
+    # ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR is the variable Zephyr documents for pointing at
+    # the SDK: FindZephyr-sdk.cmake reads it (from the environment, via
+    # zephyr_get) and passes it straight to find_package as a HINT. This
+    # matters because the SDK lives in the esphome cache dir, which is not on
+    # the module's static search path (/usr, /opt, $HOME, ...). A generic
+    # "Zephyr-sdk_DIR" environment hint proved unreliable here: containerized
+    # non-root builds failed to locate the SDK with it, while
+    # ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR fixed the same invocation.
+    env["ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR"] = str(_get_toolchain_path(TOOLCHAIN_VERSION))
     return env
 
 
+def _get_platformio_penv_path() -> Path:
+    return get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() / "penvs" / "platformio"
+
+
+def _get_penv_site_packages(penv_path: Path) -> Path:
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        return penv_path / "Lib" / "site-packages"
+    python_dir = f"python{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}"
+    return penv_path / "lib" / python_dir / "site-packages"
+
+
+def _prepend_env_path(name: str, entry: str) -> None:
+    """Prepend ``entry`` to the ``os.pathsep``-separated env var ``name``."""
+    current = os.environ.get(name, "")
+    entries = current.split(os.pathsep) if current else []
+    if entry not in entries:
+        os.environ[name] = os.pathsep.join([entry, *entries])
+
+
+def setup_platformio_python_env() -> None:
+    """Make the Zephyr build's Python packages available to PlatformIO.
+
+    The PlatformIO toolchain's Zephyr framework build script pip-installs
+    west and cbor2 (and pyocd on x86_64) into the Python environment running
+    PlatformIO whenever they are not importable. That environment is not
+    always writable — for example the docker image run as a non-root user,
+    where ESPHome lives in the system Python — so the install fails with
+    "Permission denied". Instead, pre-install those packages into a dedicated
+    venv under the sdk-nrf tools dir and expose it to the PlatformIO
+    subprocesses through the environment:
+
+    * PYTHONPATH makes the venv's packages importable from the interpreter
+      that runs PlatformIO/SCons, so the build script skips its installs.
+    * VIRTUAL_ENV redirects any install the build script still performs via
+      uv (pyocd is fetched on demand) into the writable venv.
+    * PATH exposes console scripts installed into the venv (e.g. pyocd).
+    """
+    penv_path = _get_platformio_penv_path()
+    env_python_path = get_python_env_executable_path(penv_path, "python")
+    sentinel = penv_path / ".ready"
+    # Include the Python version: the venv breaks when the interpreter it
+    # was created from is upgraded, so it must be rebuilt.
+    requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(
+        _REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()
+        + "\n".join(_PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS).encode()
+        + f"python{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}".encode()
+    ).hexdigest()
+    if _needs_venv_rebuild(env_python_path, sentinel, requirements_hash):
+        rmdir(penv_path, msg="Clean up PlatformIO toolchain Python environment")
+
+        create_venv(penv_path, msg="PlatformIO toolchain")
+
+        _LOGGER.info("Installing PlatformIO toolchain requirements ...")
+        cmd = [
+            str(env_python_path),
+            "-m",
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "-r",
+            str(_REQUIREMENTS),
+            *_PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS,
+        ]
+        if not run_command_ok(cmd):
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                "Install requirements for PlatformIO toolchain Python environment failure"
+            )
+        sentinel.write_text(requirements_hash, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    os.environ["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(penv_path)
+    _prepend_env_path("PYTHONPATH", str(_get_penv_site_packages(penv_path)))
+    _prepend_env_path("PATH", str(env_python_path.parent))
+
+
+def _patch_uf2conv_escape_sequences(framework_path: Path) -> None:
+    # SDK v2.6.1 ships uf2conv.py with '\s+' — an unrecognised escape that
+    # Python 3.12+ flags with SyntaxWarning (a future version will reject it).
+    uf2conv = framework_path / "zephyr" / "scripts" / "build" / "uf2conv.py"
+    if not uf2conv.exists():
+        return
+    content = uf2conv.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    patched = content.replace("re.split('\\s+', line)", "re.split('\\\\s+', line)")
+    if patched == content:
+        return
+    # Write atomically so a concurrent build never sees a truncated file
+    tmp = uf2conv.with_suffix(".py.tmp")
+    tmp.write_text(patched, encoding="utf-8")
+    shutil.copymode(uf2conv, tmp)
+    tmp.replace(uf2conv)
+
+
 def check_and_install() -> None:
     version = _get_version_str()
     python_env_path = _get_python_env_path(version)
     env_python_path = get_python_env_executable_path(python_env_path, "python")
     sentinel = python_env_path / ".ready"
-    install_venv = (
-        not sentinel.exists()
-        or _REQUIREMENTS.stat().st_mtime > sentinel.stat().st_mtime
-    )
+    requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(_REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+    install_venv = _needs_venv_rebuild(env_python_path, sentinel, requirements_hash)
     if install_venv:
         rmdir(python_env_path, msg=f"Clean up {version} Python environment")
 
@@ -152,7 +274,7 @@ def check_and_install() -> None:
             raise EsphomeError(
                 f"Install requirements for {version} Python environment failure"
             )
-        sentinel.touch()
+        sentinel.write_text(requirements_hash, encoding="utf-8")
 
     framework_path = _get_framework_path(version)
     sentinel = framework_path / ".ready"
@@ -167,6 +289,7 @@ def check_and_install() -> None:
             "init",
             "-m",
             "https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-nrf",
+            "-o=--depth=1",
             "--mr",
             version,
             str(framework_path),
@@ -184,6 +307,9 @@ def check_and_install() -> None:
         ]
         if not run_command_ok(cmd, cwd=framework_path):
             raise EsphomeError(f"Can't update nRF Connect SDK {version}")
+        framework_ver = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
+        if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
+            _patch_uf2conv_escape_sequences(framework_path)
         sentinel.touch()
 
     zephyr_sentinel = python_env_path / ".zephyr_reqs_ready"
@@ -205,41 +331,42 @@ def check_and_install() -> None:
             raise EsphomeError(f"Install Zephyr requirements for {version} failure")
         zephyr_sentinel.touch()
 
-    toolchains_dir = _get_toolchain_path(_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION)
+    toolchains_dir = _get_toolchain_path(TOOLCHAIN_VERSION)
     sentinel = toolchains_dir / ".ready"
     if not sentinel.exists():
-        rmdir(
-            toolchains_dir, msg=f"Clean up {_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION} toolchain environment"
-        )
+        rmdir(toolchains_dir, msg=f"Clean up {TOOLCHAIN_VERSION} toolchain environment")
         sysname, machine, extension = _get_toolchain_platform_info()
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-            _LOGGER.info("Downloading Zephyr SDK %s minimal ...", _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION)
-            download_from_mirrors(
-                SDK_NG_MINIMAL_MIRRORS,
-                {
-                    "VERSION": _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
-                    "sysname": sysname,
-                    "machine": machine,
-                    "extension": extension,
-                },
-                tmp.file,
-            )
-            archive_extract_all(tmp.file, toolchains_dir, progress_header="Extracting")
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-            _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s toolchain ...", _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION)
-            download_from_mirrors(
+        substitutions = {
+            "VERSION": TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+            "sysname": sysname,
+            "machine": machine,
+            "extension": extension,
+        }
+        # Downloaded next to the destination (not a temp file) so an
+        # interrupted download's .part file resumes on the next run.
+        for mirrors, extract_dir, what, slug in (
+            (SDK_NG_MINIMAL_MIRRORS, toolchains_dir, "Zephyr SDK minimal", "minimal"),
+            (
                 SDK_NG_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
-                {
-                    "VERSION": _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
-                    "sysname": sysname,
-                    "machine": machine,
-                    "extension": extension,
-                },
-                tmp.file,
-            )
-            archive_extract_all(
-                tmp.file,
                 toolchains_dir / "arm-zephyr-eabi",
+                "toolchain",
+                "toolchain",
+            ),
+        ):
+            _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s %s ...", TOOLCHAIN_VERSION, what)
+            download_and_extract(
+                mirrors,
+                substitutions,
+                toolchains_dir.with_name(f"{toolchains_dir.name}.{slug}.archive"),
+                extract_dir,
                 progress_header="Extracting",
             )
+        # Best-effort prune of resume leftovers, including a previous
+        # TOOLCHAIN_VERSION's orphans; the SDK archives are hundreds of MB.
+        # A locked file must not discard the just-completed install.
+        for leftover in toolchains_dir.parent.glob("*.archive.part*"):
+            try:
+                leftover.unlink()
+            except OSError as err:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove %s: %s", leftover, err)
         sentinel.touch()
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py
index 5d608acbac..cafeda6478 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from bleak import BleakScanner
-from bleak.exc import BleakDeviceNotFoundError
+from bleak.exc import BleakDBusError, BleakDeviceNotFoundError
 from smp.exceptions import SMPBadStartDelimiter
 from smpclient import SMPClient
 from smpclient.generics import error, success
@@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ async def _smpmgr_upload(device: str, firmware: Path) -> None:
         await smp_client.connect()
     except BleakDeviceNotFoundError as exc:
         raise EsphomeError(f"Device {device} not found") from exc
+    except BleakDBusError as exc:
+        if "NotPermitted" in exc.dbus_error:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Cannot connect to {device}: Make sure the device is paired."
+            ) from exc
+        raise EsphomeError(f"BLE error connecting to {device}: {exc}") from exc
     except SMPBLETransportException as exc:
         raise EsphomeError(f"Connection error with {device}") from exc
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py
index dd7d1bd35d..6c2cb69990 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ntc/sensor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from math import log
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ntc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ntc")
 NTC = ntc_ns.class_("NTC", cg.Component, sensor.Sensor)
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_C = "c"
 ZERO_POINT = 273.15
 
 
-def validate_calibration_parameter(value):
+def validate_calibration_parameter(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ def validate_calibration_parameter(value):
     )
 
 
-def calc_steinhart_hart(value):
+def calc_steinhart_hart(value: list[ConfigType]) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
     r1 = value[0][CONF_VALUE]
     r2 = value[1][CONF_VALUE]
     r3 = value[2][CONF_VALUE]
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ def calc_steinhart_hart(value):
     return a, b, c
 
 
-def calc_b(value):
+def calc_b(value: ConfigType) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
     beta = value[CONF_B_CONSTANT]
     t0 = value[CONF_REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE] + ZERO_POINT
     r0 = value[CONF_REFERENCE_RESISTANCE]
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ def calc_b(value):
     return a, b, c
 
 
-def process_calibration(value):
+def process_calibration(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         value = cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
index ee2d53c65a..ea0c2d77f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION_INTENSITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_RADON,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_ENERGY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ DEVICE_CLASSES = [
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION_INTENSITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_RADON,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_ENERGY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
@@ -210,9 +212,15 @@ _NUMBER_SCHEMA = (
                 },
                 cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_ABOVE, CONF_BELOW),
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT): validate_unit_of_measurement,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="AUTO"): cv.enum(NUMBER_MODES, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_unit_of_measurement,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_MODE, default="AUTO", visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): cv.enum(NUMBER_MODES, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
         }
     )
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py b/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py
index 9173b7014b..8d35aaa34e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_INDEX
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ OneWireBus = one_wire_ns.class_("OneWireBus")
 OneWireDevice = one_wire_ns.class_("OneWireDevice")
 
 
-def one_wire_device_schema():
+def one_wire_device_schema() -> cv.Schema:
     """Create a schema for a 1-wire device.
 
     :return: The 1-wire device schema, `extend` this in your config schema.
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ def one_wire_device_schema():
     )
 
 
-async def register_one_wire_device(var, config):
+async def register_one_wire_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an 1-wire device with the given config.
 
     Sets the 1-wire bus to use and the 1-wire address.
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
index ee4d5abb1c..552a43acad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
@@ -1,150 +1,35 @@
-import logging
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy top-level `online_image:` deprecation shim -- REMOVE this whole file
+# after 2027.1.0.
+#
+# Online images are now a platform of the `image:` component (`platform:
+# online_image`); the real schema, actions and codegen live in `image.py`. This
+# module only keeps the deprecated top-level `online_image:` key working during
+# the deprecation window: it reuses that schema/codegen and adds a one-shot
+# deprecation warning (with a pasteable migrated `image:` block) at validation
+# time. Deleting this file drops the top-level form entirely.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-from esphome import automation
-import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import runtime_image
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS
-from esphome.components.http_request import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent
-from esphome.components.image import CONF_TRANSPARENCY, add_metadata
+import esphome.components.image as espImage
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, CONF_ID, CONF_ON_ERROR, CONF_TYPE, CONF_URL
-from esphome.core import Lambda
+
+from .image import ONLINE_IMAGE_CONFIG_SCHEMA, setup_online_image
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["image", "runtime_image"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display", "http_request"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@guillempages", "@clydebarrow"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
-CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED = "on_download_finished"
-CONF_UPDATE = "update"
+DOMAIN = "online_image"
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.1.0"
 
-online_image_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("online_image")
-
-OnlineImage = online_image_ns.class_(
-    "OnlineImage", cg.PollingComponent, runtime_image.RuntimeImage
+_capture_legacy_entry, _warn_legacy_online_image = (
+    espImage.legacy_platform_migration_warning(DOMAIN, DOMAIN, LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION)
 )
 
-# Actions
-SetUrlAction = online_image_ns.class_(
-    "OnlineImageSetUrlAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(OnlineImage)
-)
-ReleaseImageAction = online_image_ns.class_(
-    "OnlineImageReleaseAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(OnlineImage)
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(_capture_legacy_entry, ONLINE_IMAGE_CONFIG_SCHEMA)
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _warn_legacy_online_image
 
-ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = (
-    runtime_image.runtime_image_schema(OnlineImage)
-    .extend(
-        {
-            # Online Image specific options
-            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
-            cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=65536): cv.int_range(256, 65536),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS): cv.All(
-                cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string)})
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED): automation.validate_automation({}),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ERROR): automation.validate_automation({}),
-        }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("never"))
-)
-
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    cv.All(
-        ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
-        cv.require_framework_version(
-            # esp8266 not supported yet; if enabled in the future, minimum version of 2.7.0 is needed
-            # esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(2, 7, 0),
-            esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-            esp_idf=cv.Version(4, 0, 0),
-            rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-            host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
-        ),
-        runtime_image.validate_runtime_image_settings,
-    )
-)
-
-SET_URL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(OnlineImage),
-        cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.templatable(cv.url),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE, default=True): cv.templatable(bool),
-    }
-)
-
-RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(OnlineImage),
-    }
-)
-
-
-@automation.register_action(
-    "online_image.set_url", SetUrlAction, SET_URL_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "online_image.release",
-    ReleaseImageAction,
-    RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
-    synchronous=True,
-)
-async def online_image_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
-
-    if CONF_URL in config:
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_URL], args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.set_url(template_))
-    if CONF_UPDATE in config:
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_UPDATE], args, cg.bool_)
-        cg.add(var.set_update(template_))
-    return var
-
-
-_CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
-    automation.CallbackAutomation(
-        CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED, "add_on_finished_callback", [(bool, "cached")]
-    ),
-    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_ERROR, "add_on_error_callback"),
-)
-
-
-async def to_code(config):
-    # Use the enhanced helper function to get all runtime image parameters
-    settings = await runtime_image.process_runtime_image_config(config)
-    add_metadata(
-        config[CONF_ID],
-        settings.width,
-        settings.height,
-        config[CONF_TYPE],
-        config[CONF_TRANSPARENCY],
-    )
-
-    url = config[CONF_URL]
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
-        config[CONF_ID],
-        url,
-        settings.width,
-        settings.height,
-        settings.format_enum,
-        settings.image_type_enum,
-        settings.transparent,
-        settings.placeholder or cg.nullptr,
-        config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE],
-        settings.byte_order_big_endian,
-    )
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID])
-
-    for key, value in config.get(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS, {}).items():
-        if isinstance(value, Lambda):
-            template_ = await cg.templatable(value, [], cg.std_string)
-            cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, template_))
-        else:
-            cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, value))
-
-    await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
+to_code = setup_online_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/image.py b/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e9517937e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import runtime_image
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS
+from esphome.components.http_request import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent
+from esphome.components.image import CONF_TRANSPARENCY, add_metadata
+from esphome.components.runtime_image import IMAGE_FORMATS
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_URL,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["runtime_image"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["http_request"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@guillempages", "@clydebarrow"]
+
+CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED = "on_download_finished"
+CONF_UPDATE = "update"
+
+online_image_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("online_image")
+
+OnlineImage = online_image_ns.class_(
+    "OnlineImage", cg.PollingComponent, runtime_image.RuntimeImage
+)
+
+# Actions
+SetUrlAction = online_image_ns.class_(
+    "OnlineImageSetUrlAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(OnlineImage)
+)
+ReleaseImageAction = online_image_ns.class_(
+    "OnlineImageReleaseAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(OnlineImage)
+)
+
+ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = (
+    runtime_image.runtime_image_schema(OnlineImage)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            # Online Image specific options
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
+            cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
+            # AUTO (Content-Type detection) is online_image specific; not in the shared registry
+            cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*IMAGE_FORMATS, "AUTO", upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=65536): cv.int_range(256, 65536),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS): cv.All(
+                cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string)})
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ERROR): automation.validate_automation({}),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("never"))
+)
+
+# Shared schema used by both the (deprecated) top-level `online_image:` key and
+# the `image:` `platform: online_image` entry.
+ONLINE_IMAGE_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+    cv.require_framework_version(
+        # esp8266 not supported yet; if enabled in the future, minimum version of 2.7.0 is needed
+        # esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(2, 7, 0),
+        esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+        esp_idf=cv.Version(4, 0, 0),
+        rp2_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+        host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
+    ),
+    runtime_image.validate_runtime_image_settings,
+)
+
+
+SET_URL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(OnlineImage),
+        cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.templatable(cv.url),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE, default=True): cv.templatable(bool),
+    }
+)
+
+RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(OnlineImage),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "online_image.set_url", SetUrlAction, SET_URL_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "online_image.release",
+    ReleaseImageAction,
+    RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def online_image_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+
+    if CONF_URL in config:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_URL], args, cg.std_string)
+        cg.add(var.set_url(template_))
+    if CONF_UPDATE in config:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_UPDATE], args, cg.bool_)
+        cg.add(var.set_update(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+_CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(
+        CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED, "add_on_finished_callback", [(bool, "cached")]
+    ),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_ERROR, "add_on_error_callback"),
+)
+
+
+async def setup_online_image(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Use the enhanced helper function to get all runtime image parameters
+    settings = await runtime_image.process_runtime_image_config(config)
+    add_metadata(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        settings.width,
+        settings.height,
+        config[CONF_TYPE],
+        config[CONF_TRANSPARENCY],
+    )
+
+    url = config[CONF_URL]
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        url,
+        settings.width,
+        settings.height,
+        settings.format_enum,
+        settings.image_type_enum,
+        settings.transparent,
+        settings.placeholder or cg.nullptr,
+        config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE],
+        settings.byte_order_big_endian,
+    )
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID])
+
+    for key, value in config.get(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS, {}).items():
+        if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(value, [], cg.std_string)
+            cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, template_))
+        else:
+            cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, value))
+
+    await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = ONLINE_IMAGE_CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+to_code = setup_online_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
index 22bce4cc41..3f2382accd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 #include "online_image.h"
 #include "esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 static const char *const TAG = "online_image";
+static const char *const CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME = "content-type";
 static const char *const ETAG_HEADER_NAME = "etag";
 static const char *const IF_NONE_MATCH_HEADER_NAME = "if-none-match";
 static const char *const LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME = "last-modified";
@@ -60,37 +63,19 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
     headers.push_back({IF_MODIFIED_SINCE_HEADER_NAME, this->last_modified_});
   }
 
-  // Add Accept header based on image format
-  const char *accept_mime_type;
-  switch (this->get_format()) {
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
-    case runtime_image::BMP:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/bmp,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
-    case runtime_image::JPEG:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/jpeg,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
-    case runtime_image::PNG:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/png,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-#endif
-    default:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/*,*/*;q=0.8";
-      break;
-  }
-  headers.push_back({"Accept", accept_mime_type});
+  runtime_image::ImageFormat format = this->get_format();
+  // Accept: "<mime>,*/*;q=0.8"; 32 covers the longest MIME type plus the suffix
+  char accept_header[32];
+  snprintf(accept_header, sizeof(accept_header), "%s,*/*;q=0.8", runtime_image::get_mime_type_for_format(format));
+  headers.push_back({"Accept", accept_header});
 
   // User headers last so they can override any of the above
   for (auto &header : this->request_headers_) {
     headers.push_back(http_request::Header{header.first, header.second.value()});
   }
 
-  this->downloader_ = this->parent_->get(this->url_, headers, {ETAG_HEADER_NAME, LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME});
-
+  this->downloader_ =
+      this->parent_->get(this->url_, headers, {ETAG_HEADER_NAME, LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME, CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME});
   if (this->downloader_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Download failed.");
     this->end_connection_();
@@ -115,17 +100,40 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting download");
   size_t total_size = this->downloader_->content_length;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Content-Length: %zu", total_size);
+
+  if (format == runtime_image::AUTO) {
+    // Try to auto-detect format from Content-Type header
+    auto content_type = this->downloader_->get_response_header(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Content-Type: %s", content_type.c_str());
+    auto mime_format = esphome::runtime_image::get_format_for_mime_type(content_type.c_str());
+    if (mime_format.has_value()) {
+      format = *mime_format;
+    } else {
+      if (content_type.empty()) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server sent no Content-Type header; cannot determine image format. Set `format:` explicitly");
+      } else if (str_contains_ignore_case(content_type.c_str(), "image/")) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Image format '%s' not supported.", content_type.c_str());
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server did not return an image (Content-Type: '%s')", content_type.c_str());
+      }
+      this->end_connection_();
+      this->download_error_callback_.call();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Using image format: %d", format);
 
   // Initialize decoder with the known format
-  if (!this->begin_decode(total_size)) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize decoder for format %d", this->get_format());
+  if (!this->begin_decode(total_size, format)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize decoder for format %d", format);
     this->end_connection_();
     this->download_error_callback_.call();
     return;
   }
 
   // JPEG requires the complete image in the download buffer before decoding
-  if (this->get_format() == runtime_image::JPEG && total_size > this->download_buffer_.size()) {
+  if (format == runtime_image::JPEG && total_size > this->download_buffer_.size()) {
     this->download_buffer_.resize(total_size);
   }
 
@@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ void OnlineImage::loop() {
 }
 
 void OnlineImage::end_connection_() {
-  // Abort any in-progress decode to free decoder resources.
+  // Abort any in-progress decode; the decoder object is kept warm for the next decode.
   // Use RuntimeImage::release() directly to avoid recursion with OnlineImage::release().
   if (this->is_decoding()) {
     RuntimeImage::release();
diff --git a/esphome/components/opentherm/hub.cpp b/esphome/components/opentherm/hub.cpp
index e2828a9e30..f8b515fa05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opentherm/hub.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/opentherm/hub.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ uint8_t parse_u8_lb(OpenthermData &data) { return data.valueLB; }
 uint8_t parse_u8_hb(OpenthermData &data) { return data.valueHB; }
 int8_t parse_s8_lb(OpenthermData &data) { return (int8_t) data.valueLB; }
 int8_t parse_s8_hb(OpenthermData &data) { return (int8_t) data.valueHB; }
-uint16_t parse_u16(OpenthermData &data) { return data.u16(); }
+uint16_t parse_u16(OpenthermData &data) { return data.get_u16(); }
 uint16_t parse_u8_lb_60(OpenthermData &data) { return data.valueLB * 60; }
 uint16_t parse_u8_hb_60(OpenthermData &data) { return data.valueHB * 60; }
-int16_t parse_s16(OpenthermData &data) { return data.s16(); }
-float parse_f88(OpenthermData &data) { return data.f88(); }
+int16_t parse_s16(OpenthermData &data) { return data.get_s16(); }
+float parse_f88(OpenthermData &data) { return data.get_f88(); }
 
 void write_flag8_lb_0(const bool value, OpenthermData &data) { data.valueLB = write_bit(data.valueLB, 0, value); }
 void write_flag8_lb_1(const bool value, OpenthermData &data) { data.valueLB = write_bit(data.valueLB, 1, value); }
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ void write_u8_lb(const uint8_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.valueLB = valu
 void write_u8_hb(const uint8_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.valueHB = value; }
 void write_s8_lb(const int8_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.valueLB = (uint8_t) value; }
 void write_s8_hb(const int8_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.valueHB = (uint8_t) value; }
-void write_u16(const uint16_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.u16(value); }
-void write_s16(const int16_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.s16(value); }
-void write_f88(const float value, OpenthermData &data) { data.f88(value); }
+void write_u16(const uint16_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.set_u16(value); }
+void write_s16(const int16_t value, OpenthermData &data) { data.set_s16(value); }
+void write_f88(const float value, OpenthermData &data) { data.set_f88(value); }
 
 }  // namespace message_data
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.cpp b/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.cpp
index 5cf7c19880..3343871cd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.cpp
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ bool OpenTherm::get_protocol_error(OpenThermError &error) {
 void OpenTherm::stop() {
   this->stop_timer_();
   this->mode_ = OperationMode::IDLE;
+  this->out_pin_->digital_write(true);
 }
 
 void IRAM_ATTR OpenTherm::read_() {
@@ -533,34 +534,34 @@ void OpenTherm::debug_data(OpenthermData &data) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s %s %s %s", format_bin_to(type_buf, data.type), format_bin_to(id_buf, data.id),
            format_bin_to(hb_buf, data.valueHB), format_bin_to(lb_buf, data.valueLB));
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "type: %s; id: %u; HB: %u; LB: %u; uint_16: %u; float: %f",
-           this->message_type_to_str((MessageType) data.type), data.id, data.valueHB, data.valueLB, data.u16(),
-           data.f88());
+           this->message_type_to_str((MessageType) data.type), data.id, data.valueHB, data.valueLB, data.get_u16(),
+           data.get_f88());
 }
 void OpenTherm::debug_error(OpenThermError &error) const {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "data: 0x%08" PRIx32 "; clock: %u; capture: 0x%08" PRIx32 "; bit_pos: %u", error.data, this->clock_,
            error.capture, error.bit_pos);
 }
 
-float OpenthermData::f88() { return ((float) this->s16()) / 256.0f; }
+float OpenthermData::get_f88() { return ((float) this->get_s16()) / 256.0f; }
 
-void OpenthermData::f88(float value) { this->s16((int16_t) (value * 256)); }
+void OpenthermData::set_f88(float value) { this->set_s16((int16_t) (value * 256)); }
 
-uint16_t OpenthermData::u16() {
+uint16_t OpenthermData::get_u16() {
   uint16_t const value = this->valueHB;
   return (value << 8) | this->valueLB;
 }
 
-void OpenthermData::u16(uint16_t value) {
+void OpenthermData::set_u16(uint16_t value) {
   this->valueLB = value & 0xFF;
   this->valueHB = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
 }
 
-int16_t OpenthermData::s16() {
+int16_t OpenthermData::get_s16() {
   int16_t const value = this->valueHB;
   return (value << 8) | this->valueLB;
 }
 
-void OpenthermData::s16(int16_t value) {
+void OpenthermData::set_s16(int16_t value) {
   this->valueLB = value & 0xFF;
   this->valueHB = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.h b/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.h
index 3078e92c9d..7aa81cd8a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.h
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ enum BitPositions { STOP_BIT = 33 };
 
 /**
  * Structure to hold Opentherm data packet content.
- * Use f88(), u16() or s16() functions to get appropriate value of data packet accoridng to id of message.
+ * Use get_f88(), get_u16() or get_s16() functions to get appropriate value of data packet according to id of message.
  */
 struct OpenthermData {
   uint8_t type;
@@ -191,32 +191,32 @@ struct OpenthermData {
   /**
    * @return float representation of data packet value
    */
-  float f88();
+  float get_f88();
 
   /**
    * @param float number to set as value of this data packet
    */
-  void f88(float value);
+  void set_f88(float value);
 
   /**
    * @return unsigned 16b integer representation of data packet value
    */
-  uint16_t u16();
+  uint16_t get_u16();
 
   /**
    * @param unsigned 16b integer number to set as value of this data packet
    */
-  void u16(uint16_t value);
+  void set_u16(uint16_t value);
 
   /**
    * @return signed 16b integer representation of data packet value
    */
-  int16_t s16();
+  int16_t get_s16();
 
   /**
    * @param signed 16b integer number to set as value of this data packet
    */
-  void s16(int16_t value);
+  void set_s16(int16_t value);
 };
 
 struct OpenThermError {
diff --git a/esphome/components/opentherm/output/opentherm_output.h b/esphome/components/opentherm/output/opentherm_output.h
index 24d5052076..da2082963d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opentherm/output/opentherm_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/opentherm/output/opentherm_output.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class OpenthermOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component, publ
   float min_value_, max_value_;
 
  public:
-  float state;
+  float state{0.0f};
 
   void set_id(const char *id) { this->id_ = id; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/opentherm/schema.py b/esphome/components/opentherm/schema.py
index f70c8e24db..7f3ea2df36 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opentherm/schema.py
+++ b/esphome/components/opentherm/schema.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ SENSORS: dict[str, SensorSchema] = {
     ),
     "dhw_flow_rate": SensorSchema(
         description="Water flow rate in DHW circuit",
-        unit_of_measurement="l/min",
+        unit_of_measurement="L/min",
         accuracy_decimals=2,
         icon="mdi:waves-arrow-right",
         state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
index b54fe2b218..ab69f5d9ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     require_vfs_select,
 )
 from esphome.components.mdns import MDNSComponent, enable_mdns_storage
+from esphome.components.network import add_use_address
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -30,10 +33,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
+    ID,
     CoroPriority,
     TimePeriodMilliseconds,
     coroutine_with_priority,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ CONF_DEVICE_TYPES = [
 ]
 
 
-def _validate_txpower(value):
+def _validate_txpower(value: Any) -> int | float:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
 
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ def _validate_txpower(value):
     return value  # Unsupported, fail later with clear error
 
 
-def set_sdkconfig_options(config):
+def set_sdkconfig_options(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # and expose options for using SPI/UART RCPs
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_IEEE802154_ENABLED", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_RADIO_NATIVE", True)
@@ -179,7 +184,7 @@ def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
-def _require_vfs_select(config):
+def _require_vfs_select(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register VFS select requirement during config validation."""
     # OpenThread uses esp_vfs_eventfd which requires VFS select support (ESP32 only)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
@@ -187,7 +192,7 @@ def _require_vfs_select(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_platform(config):
+def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
         return config
     return only_on_variant(
@@ -202,7 +207,7 @@ def _validate_platform(config):
     )(config)
 
 
-def _validate_tlv_hex(value):
+def _validate_tlv_hex(value: Any) -> str:
     s = cv.string_strict(value)
     if len(s) % 2 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("TLV must have an even number of hex characters")
@@ -241,7 +246,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(_):
+def _final_validate(_: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     network_config = full_config.get("network", {})
     if not network_config.get(CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, False):
@@ -273,7 +278,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.COMMUNICATION)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable openthread IDF component (excluded by default)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         include_builtin_idf_component("openthread")
@@ -288,7 +293,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     enable_mdns_storage()
 
     ot = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    cg.add(ot.set_use_address(config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS]))
+    add_use_address(ot, config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS])
     await cg.register_component(ot, config)
     if (poll_period := config.get(CONF_POLL_PERIOD)) is not None:
         cg.add(ot.set_poll_period(poll_period))
@@ -338,7 +343,12 @@ POLL_PERIOD_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_conf(
     POLL_PERIOD_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def openthread_poll_period_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def openthread_poll_period_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_POLL_PERIOD], args, cg.uint32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index eb48d8a74a..b4654af21f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class OpenThreadComponent final : public Component {
   void on_factory_reset(std::function<void()> callback);
   void defer_factory_reset_external_callback();
 
+  /// Returns nullptr when no explicit use_address is configured and the address is
+  /// derived at runtime from the device name (see network::get_use_address_to()).
   const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
   void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent final : public Component {
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
   // ONLY set from Python-generated code with string literals - never dynamic strings.
-  const char *use_address_{""};
+  const char *use_address_{nullptr};
 };
 
 extern OpenThreadComponent *global_openthread_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_sensor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9beb52d64b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_sensor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "openthread_info_sensor.h"
+#if defined(USE_OPENTHREAD) && defined(USE_SENSOR)
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::openthread_info {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "openthread_info";
+
+void ParentAverageRssiOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Parent Average RSSI", this); }
+void ParentLastRssiOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Parent Last RSSI", this); }
+void ParentLinkQualityInOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Parent Link Quality In", this); }
+void ParentLinkQualityOutOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Parent Link Quality Out", this); }
+void TxTotalOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "TX Total", this); }
+void TxRetriesOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "TX Retries", this); }
+void TxErrCcaOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "TX CCA Errors", this); }
+void TxErrAbortOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "TX Abort Errors", this); }
+void RxTotalOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "RX Total", this); }
+void RxErrFcsOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "RX FCS Errors", this); }
+void AttachAttemptsOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Attach Attempts", this); }
+void ParentChangesOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Parent Changes", this); }
+void PartitionIdChangesOpenThreadInfo::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Partition ID Changes", this); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::openthread_info
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_sensor.h b/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_sensor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcc90da0c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_sensor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_OPENTHREAD) && defined(USE_SENSOR)
+
+#include "openthread_info_text_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+#include <openthread/link.h>
+#include <openthread/thread.h>
+
+namespace esphome::openthread_info {
+
+// Parent RSSI (average) in dBm. Only valid when device is a child; skips publish otherwise.
+class ParentAverageRssiOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    int8_t rssi;
+    if (otThreadGetParentAverageRssi(instance, &rssi) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->publish_state(rssi);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+// Parent RSSI (last received frame) in dBm. Only valid when device is a child.
+class ParentLastRssiOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    int8_t rssi;
+    if (otThreadGetParentLastRssi(instance, &rssi) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->publish_state(rssi);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+// Incoming link quality from parent (0-3). Only valid when device is a child.
+class ParentLinkQualityInOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    otRouterInfo parent_info;
+    if (otThreadGetParentInfo(instance, &parent_info) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->publish_state(parent_info.mLinkQualityIn);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+// Outgoing link quality to parent (0-3). Only valid when device is a child.
+class ParentLinkQualityOutOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    otRouterInfo parent_info;
+    if (otThreadGetParentInfo(instance, &parent_info) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->publish_state(parent_info.mLinkQualityOut);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+// --- MAC counters (otLinkGetCounters) — cumulative since boot ---
+
+class TxTotalOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override { this->publish_state(otLinkGetCounters(instance)->mTxTotal); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class TxRetriesOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override { this->publish_state(otLinkGetCounters(instance)->mTxRetry); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class TxErrCcaOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override { this->publish_state(otLinkGetCounters(instance)->mTxErrCca); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class TxErrAbortOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override { this->publish_state(otLinkGetCounters(instance)->mTxErrAbort); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class RxTotalOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override { this->publish_state(otLinkGetCounters(instance)->mRxTotal); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class RxErrFcsOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override { this->publish_state(otLinkGetCounters(instance)->mRxErrFcs); }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+// --- MLE stability counters (otThreadGetMleCounters) — cumulative since boot ---
+
+class AttachAttemptsOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    this->publish_state(otThreadGetMleCounters(instance)->mAttachAttempts);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class ParentChangesOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    this->publish_state(otThreadGetMleCounters(instance)->mParentChanges);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+class PartitionIdChangesOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
+    this->publish_state(otThreadGetMleCounters(instance)->mPartitionIdChanges);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::openthread_info
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py b/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e77b84e17c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+    UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
+    UNIT_EMPTY,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CONF_PARENT_AVERAGE_RSSI = "parent_average_rssi"
+CONF_PARENT_LAST_RSSI = "parent_last_rssi"
+CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_IN = "parent_link_quality_in"
+CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_OUT = "parent_link_quality_out"
+CONF_TX_TOTAL = "tx_total"
+CONF_TX_RETRIES = "tx_retries"
+CONF_TX_ERR_CCA = "tx_err_cca"
+CONF_TX_ERR_ABORT = "tx_err_abort"
+CONF_RX_TOTAL = "rx_total"
+CONF_RX_ERR_FCS = "rx_err_fcs"
+CONF_ATTACH_ATTEMPTS = "attach_attempts"
+CONF_PARENT_CHANGES = "parent_changes"
+CONF_PARTITION_ID_CHANGES = "partition_id_changes"
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["openthread"]
+
+openthread_info_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("openthread_info")
+ParentAverageRssiOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "ParentAverageRssiOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+ParentLastRssiOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "ParentLastRssiOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+ParentLinkQualityInOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "ParentLinkQualityInOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+ParentLinkQualityOutOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "ParentLinkQualityOutOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+TxTotalOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "TxTotalOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+TxRetriesOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "TxRetriesOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+TxErrCcaOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "TxErrCcaOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+TxErrAbortOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "TxErrAbortOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+RxTotalOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "RxTotalOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+RxErrFcsOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "RxErrFcsOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+AttachAttemptsOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "AttachAttemptsOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+ParentChangesOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "ParentChangesOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+PartitionIdChangesOpenThreadInfo = openthread_info_ns.class_(
+    "PartitionIdChangesOpenThreadInfo", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARENT_AVERAGE_RSSI): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            ParentAverageRssiOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARENT_LAST_RSSI): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            ParentLastRssiOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_IN): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            ParentLinkQualityInOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_OUT): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            ParentLinkQualityOutOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TX_TOTAL): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            TxTotalOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TX_RETRIES): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            TxRetriesOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TX_ERR_CCA): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            TxErrCcaOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TX_ERR_ABORT): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            TxErrAbortOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_TOTAL): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            RxTotalOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_ERR_FCS): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            RxErrFcsOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ATTACH_ATTEMPTS): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            AttachAttemptsOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARENT_CHANGES): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            ParentChangesOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARTITION_ID_CHANGES): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            PartitionIdChangesOpenThreadInfo,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("30s")),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str) -> None:
+    if conf := config.get(key):
+        var = await sensor.new_sensor(conf)
+        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_AVERAGE_RSSI)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_LAST_RSSI)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_IN)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_LINK_QUALITY_OUT)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_TX_TOTAL)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_TX_RETRIES)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_TX_ERR_CCA)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_TX_ERR_ABORT)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_RX_TOTAL)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_RX_ERR_FCS)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_ATTACH_ATTEMPTS)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARENT_CHANGES)
+    await setup_conf(config, CONF_PARTITION_ID_CHANGES)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py
index b672831bf0..da789ae706 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/text_sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.openthread.const import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_IP_ADDRESS, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_ROLE = "role"
 CONF_RLOC16 = "rloc16"
@@ -86,13 +87,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str):
+async def setup_conf(config: dict, key: str) -> None:
     if conf := config.get(key):
         var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_IP_ADDRESS)
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_ROLE)
     await setup_conf(config, CONF_RLOC16)
diff --git a/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py b/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py
index 8490b0bd49..01ea125630 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/opt3001/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_LUX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ccutrer"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
index 83d8c611d5..a2e6953a16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ESPHOME,
@@ -12,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 OTA_STATE_LISTENER_KEY = "ota_state_listener"
 
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ OTAStateChangeTrigger = ota_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def _ota_final_validate(config):
+def _ota_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if len(config) < 1:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"At least one platform must be specified for '{CONF_OTA}'; add '{CONF_PLATFORM}: {CONF_ESPHOME}' for original OTA functionality"
@@ -95,15 +100,15 @@ BASE_OTA_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA")
     CORE.add_job(final_step)
 
-    if CORE.is_rp2040 and CORE.using_arduino:
+    if CORE.is_rp2 and CORE.using_arduino:
         cg.add_library("Updater", None)
 
 
-async def ota_to_code(var, config):
+async def ota_to_code(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.past_safe_mode()
     use_state_callback = False
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE, []):
@@ -145,20 +150,20 @@ def request_ota_state_listeners() -> None:
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def final_step():
+async def final_step() -> None:
     """Final code generation step to configure optional OTA features."""
     if CORE.data.get(OTA_STATE_LISTENER_KEY, False):
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER")
 
 
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+_filter_backend_source_files = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
         "ota_backend_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
-        "ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
@@ -167,3 +172,19 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         "ota_backend_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
     }
 )
+
+
+# USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY is set only on ESP32/IDF;
+# USE_OTA_PARTITIONS is set by the esphome OTA platform when
+# allow_partition_access is enabled.
+_filter_define_source_files = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp": "USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY",
+        "ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp": "USE_OTA_PARTITIONS",
+        "ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp": "USE_OTA_PARTITIONS",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
+    return _filter_backend_source_files() + _filter_define_source_files()
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.cpp
index 17949de642..0447b968a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,34 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
+bool version_is_older(const char *candidate, const char *reference) {
+  if (candidate == nullptr || reference == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  while (true) {
+    uint32_t a = 0;
+    while (*candidate >= '0' && *candidate <= '9') {
+      a = a * 10 + static_cast<uint32_t>(*candidate - '0');
+      candidate++;
+    }
+    uint32_t b = 0;
+    while (*reference >= '0' && *reference <= '9') {
+      b = b * 10 + static_cast<uint32_t>(*reference - '0');
+      reference++;
+    }
+    if (a != b)
+      return a < b;
+    // Components equal so far; advance past a single separator on each side.
+    const bool a_more = (*candidate == '.');
+    const bool b_more = (*reference == '.');
+    if (a_more)
+      candidate++;
+    if (b_more)
+      reference++;
+    if (!a_more && !b_more)
+      return false;  // Both strings exhausted with all components equal.
+  }
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 OTAGlobalCallback *global_ota_callback{nullptr};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
index de236c1951..1c24fc320a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
+#include <concepts>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
@@ -46,9 +48,37 @@ enum OTAResponseTypes {
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_PARTITION_TABLE_UPDATE = 0x90,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY = 0x91,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_UPDATE = 0x92,
+  OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_VERSION_DOWNGRADE = 0x93,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0xFF,
 };
 
+/** Compare two dotted-numeric version strings (such as "1.2.3").
+ *
+ * Returns true when @p candidate represents a strictly older (lower) firmware
+ * version than @p reference. Each dot-separated component is parsed as an
+ * integer and compared left-to-right; absent trailing components count as 0,
+ * so "1.2" and "1.2.0" are equal. Equal versions return false so that
+ * re-flashing the same version is permitted.
+ *
+ * Used for software OTA downgrade protection. Inputs come from the project
+ * version embedded in the signed firmware image, which is validated to be
+ * dotted-numeric at config time. Non-digit characters terminate a component.
+ */
+bool version_is_older(const char *candidate, const char *reference);
+
+// 64 KiB flash block; the erase granularity the ESP-IDF backend erases ahead with.
+static constexpr size_t OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_SIZE = 64 * 1024;
+
+/** Target erased watermark for lazy block erase-ahead.
+ *
+ * Rounds the write end offset up to a block boundary, clamped to the partition
+ * size. Platform-independent so the arithmetic is host-testable.
+ */
+constexpr size_t next_erase_end(size_t write_end, size_t partition_size) {
+  const size_t rounded = (write_end + OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_SIZE - 1) & ~(OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_SIZE - 1);
+  return rounded < partition_size ? rounded : partition_size;
+}
+
 enum OTAState {
   OTA_COMPLETED = 0,
   OTA_STARTED,
@@ -63,6 +93,25 @@ enum OTAType : uint8_t {
   OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_BOOTLOADER = 0x02,
 };
 
+// The OTA backend method surface. Exactly one backend exists per build,
+// selected in ota_backend_factory.h where this concept is asserted on
+// make_ota_backend()'s return type. Semantics beyond the signatures:
+// - begin: prepare for an image of the given size; ota_type defaults to an
+//   app update, so both call forms must be accepted.
+// - set_update_md5: expected digest of the incoming image, hex string.
+// - write: consume the next chunk; end: finalize and mark bootable.
+// - abort: safe to call in any state, including after end().
+template<typename T>
+concept OTABackendContract = requires(T backend, size_t image_size, uint8_t *data, size_t len, const char *md5) {
+  { backend.begin(image_size, OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  { backend.begin(image_size) } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  backend.set_update_md5(md5);
+  { backend.write(data, len) } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  { backend.end() } -> std::same_as<OTAResponseTypes>;
+  backend.abort();
+  { backend.supports_compression() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
 /** Listener interface for OTA state changes.
  *
  * Components can implement this interface to receive OTA state updates
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
index 4cc99202a7..231c4d2dd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.arduino_libretiny";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend>(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp
similarity index 70%
rename from esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp
index 0ca0602519..48725b1265 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-#include "ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+#include "ota_backend_arduino_rp2.h"
 #include "ota_backend.h"
 
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.arduino_rp2040";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
-std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2040OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoRP2040OTABackend>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoRP2OTABackend>(); }
 
-OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type) {
+OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type) {
   if (ota_type != OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OTA_TYPE;
   }
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_t
   // web_server is not supported for RP2040, so this is not an issue.
   bool ret = Update.begin(image_size, U_FLASH);
   if (ret) {
-    rp2040::preferences_prevent_write(true);
+    rp2::preferences_prevent_write(true);
     return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
   }
 
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_t
   return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
 }
 
-void ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::set_update_md5(const char *md5) {
+void ArduinoRP2OTABackend::set_update_md5(const char *md5) {
   Update.setMD5(md5);
   this->md5_set_ = true;
 }
 
-OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2OTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   size_t written = Update.write(data, len);
   if (written == len) {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
 }
 
-OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::end() {
+OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2OTABackend::end() {
   // Use strict validation (false) when MD5 is set, lenient validation (true) when no MD5
   // This matches the behavior of the old web_server OTA implementation
   if (Update.end(!this->md5_set_)) {
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::end() {
   return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UPDATE_END;
 }
 
-void ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::abort() {
+void ArduinoRP2OTABackend::abort() {
   Update.end();
-  rp2040::preferences_prevent_write(false);
+  rp2::preferences_prevent_write(false);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 #endif  // USE_ARDUINO
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.h
similarity index 78%
rename from esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
rename to esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.h
index d04d5c1a84..f7c0037bd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include "ota_backend.h"
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-class ArduinoRP2040OTABackend final {
+class ArduinoRP2OTABackend final {
  public:
   OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP);
   void set_update_md5(const char *md5);
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class ArduinoRP2040OTABackend final {
   bool md5_set_{false};
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2040OTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2OTABackend> make_ota_backend();
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
 #endif  // USE_ARDUINO
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
index 6a678fb419..2a6a9e08b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static constexpr size_t MIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.esp8266";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<ESP8266OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ESP8266OTABackend>(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
index ac765d8018..f33f37bbeb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
-#include <esp_task_wdt.h>
+#include <sdkconfig.h>
 #include <spi_flash_mmap.h>
+#ifdef USE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION
+#include <esp_app_desc.h>
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 std::unique_ptr<IDFOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<IDFOTABackend>(); }
 
@@ -57,27 +60,38 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::begin(size_t image_size, ota::OTAType ota_type)
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_NO_UPDATE_PARTITION;
   }
 
-  // esp_ota_begin() erases the destination region, which blocks loopTask and
-  // scales with the erase size -- a fixed watchdog overruns on large OTA slots.
-  // An unknown size (0, e.g. web_server uploads) erases the whole partition, so
-  // budget against the bytes actually erased. ~10ms/KiB (conservative
-  // ~100 KiB/s erase) over a 15s floor; panic stays on so a stuck erase still
-  // resets rather than hanging forever.
-  size_t erase_size = image_size;
-  if (erase_size == 0 || erase_size > this->partition_->size) {
-    erase_size = this->partition_->size;
+  // Both lazy-erase paths below replace esp_ota_begin()'s blocking full erase.
+  // Size check replaces the one that erase performed (0 = unknown size,
+  // e.g. web_server uploads).
+  if (image_size != 0 && image_size > this->partition_->size) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
   }
-  const uint32_t erase_budget_ms = 15000 + (erase_size >> 10) * 10;
-  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(erase_budget_ms);
-  esp_err_t err = esp_ota_begin(this->partition_, image_size, &this->update_handle_);
+  this->written_ = 0;
+  esp_err_t err;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  this->erased_end_ = 0;
+  // Unlike esp_ota_begin(), esp_ota_resume() does not reject a running app in
+  // ESP_OTA_IMG_PENDING_VERIFY; that state is unreachable here because the app
+  // was marked valid at boot (esp32/hal.cpp) or just above under USE_OTA_ROLLBACK.
+  // erase_size 0 (!= OTA_WITH_SEQUENTIAL_WRITES) means no erase; erase_ahead_() handles it
+  err = esp_ota_resume(this->partition_, 0, 0, &this->update_handle_);
+#if defined(CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_APP_ROLLBACK_ENABLE) && ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 0)
+  // esp_ota_begin() does this on IDF 5.5+; esp_ota_resume() does not. Prevents
+  // booting a half-written slot after a crash mid-OTA. Not available on the
+  // 5.3.3/5.4.2 backports, whose esp_ota_begin() did not invalidate either.
+  if (err == ESP_OK) {
+    esp_ota_invalidate_inactive_ota_data_slot();
+  }
+#endif
+#else
+  err = esp_ota_begin(this->partition_, OTA_WITH_SEQUENTIAL_WRITES, &this->update_handle_);
+#endif
 
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ota_begin failed (err=0x%X)", err);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "OTA begin failed (err=0x%X)", err);
     esp_ota_abort(this->update_handle_);
     this->update_handle_ = 0;
-    if (err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE) {
-      return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
-    } else if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
+    if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
     } else if (err == ESP_ERR_OTA_PARTITION_CONFLICT) {
       // This error appears with 1 factory and 1 ota partition
@@ -117,6 +131,17 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->is_app_or_bootloader_update_()) {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OTA_TYPE;
   }
+#endif
+  // Overflow can only happen on unknown-size uploads (web_server); known
+  // sizes were rejected in begin().
+  if (this->written_ + len > this->partition_->size) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  OTAResponseTypes erase_result = this->erase_ahead_(len);
+  if (erase_result != OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
+    return erase_result;
+  }
 #endif
   esp_err_t err = esp_ota_write(this->update_handle_, data, len);
   this->md5_.add(data, len);
@@ -124,14 +149,40 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ota_write failed (err=0x%X)", err);
     if (err == ESP_ERR_OTA_VALIDATE_FAILED) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MAGIC;
+    } else if (err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE) {
+      // Sequential-writes fallback: IDF's lazy erase reports overflow here
+      return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE;
     } else if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
     }
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
   }
+  this->written_ += len;
   return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::erase_ahead_(size_t len) {
+  const size_t end = this->written_ + len;
+  if (this->erased_end_ >= end) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
+  }
+  // Round up to a block boundary, clamped to the partition end; IDF splits the
+  // range into 64 KiB block erases where aligned, sector erases elsewhere.
+  const size_t erase_to = next_erase_end(end, this->partition_->size);
+  // A block erase is one uninterruptible flash op (typically ~150 ms, seconds
+  // on aged flash) and the transfer loop may not have fed the WDT for ~1s.
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(15000);
+  esp_err_t err = esp_partition_erase_range(this->partition_, this->erased_end_, erase_to - this->erased_end_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_partition_erase_range failed (err=0x%X)", err);
+    return err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE ? OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE : OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
+  }
+  this->erased_end_ = erase_to;
+  return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
 OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::end() {
   if (this->md5_set_) {
     this->md5_.calculate();
@@ -141,6 +192,9 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::end() {
     }
   }
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
+  // A partition-table update carries an MD5 (checked by IDF), not a Secure Boot
+  // signature, and only re-points boot at an already-installed app -- so it is
+  // intentionally not run through the signature verifier below.
   if (this->ota_type_ == ota::OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE) {
     return this->update_partition_table();
   }
@@ -159,6 +213,33 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::end() {
   }
 #endif
   if (err == ESP_OK) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
+    // IDF's built-in on-update check is disabled for this scheme (it only
+    // matches the incoming image's first signature block against the running
+    // app's first). Verify here against every key the running app trusts, so
+    // rotation and backup keys are accepted. Leaving the boot partition
+    // unchanged means a rejected image never boots.
+    if (!this->verify_signed_image_(this->partition_)) {
+      return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_SIGNATURE_INVALID;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION
+    // The image is written and (when signing is enabled) signature-verified by
+    // esp_ota_end(), so its embedded project version can be trusted. Reject the
+    // update if it is older than the running version by leaving the boot
+    // partition unchanged -- the staged image simply never boots.
+    esp_app_desc_t incoming;
+    esp_err_t desc_err = esp_ota_get_partition_description(this->partition_, &incoming);
+    if (desc_err != ESP_OK) {
+      // Couldn't read the staged image's version, so the comparison is skipped.
+      // Warn so the bypassed check is observable rather than silent.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Downgrade protection: could not read image version (err=0x%X); allowing update", desc_err);
+    } else if (version_is_older(incoming.version, ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Rejecting downgrade: image version '%s' is older than running version '%s'", incoming.version,
+               ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION);
+      return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_VERSION_DOWNGRADE;
+    }
+#endif
     err = esp_ota_set_boot_partition(this->partition_);
     if (err == ESP_OK) {
       return OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
@@ -193,6 +274,10 @@ void IDFOTABackend::abort() {
   // or not an update is in flight.
   esp_ota_abort(this->update_handle_);
   this->update_handle_ = 0;
+  this->written_ = 0;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  this->erased_end_ = 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
index a49a5e34b3..c991f896e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
@@ -5,8 +5,18 @@
 #include "esphome/components/md5/md5.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
+#include <esp_idf_version.h>
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
 
+// esp_ota_resume() (IDF 5.4.2+, backported to 5.3.3) provides a no-erase OTA
+// handle, letting write() block-erase 64 KiB ahead of the write cursor
+// (~4x faster than the per-sector lazy erase of OTA_WITH_SEQUENTIAL_WRITES,
+// used as fallback on older IDF).
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2) || \
+    (ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 3) && ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 0))
+#define USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
@@ -54,10 +64,22 @@ class IDFOTABackend final {
 #endif
 
  private:
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  OTAResponseTypes erase_ahead_(size_t len);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
+  // Accept an image signed by any key the running app trusts (up to 3 blocks),
+  // so rotation and backup keys work. Fails closed. Covers app and bootloader.
+  bool verify_signed_image_(const esp_partition_t *incoming);
+#endif
   // Keep md5_ first since its digest_ is alignas(32) on DMA-SHA variants; md5_set_ stays last so buf_ packs tightly.
   md5::MD5Digest md5_{};
   esp_ota_handle_t update_handle_{0};
-  const esp_partition_t *partition_;
+  const esp_partition_t *partition_{nullptr};
+  size_t written_{0};  // Bytes handed to esp_ota_write()
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  size_t erased_end_{0};  // Erased up to this partition offset; must stay >= written_
+#endif
   char expected_bin_md5_[32];
   bool md5_set_{false};
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
index 7c79f02702..82d001ed9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 #include "ota_backend_esp8266.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include "ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#include "ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#include "ota_backend_arduino_rp2.h"
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #include "ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h"
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
@@ -17,11 +17,22 @@
 #else
 // Stub for static analysis when no platform is defined
 namespace esphome::ota {
-struct StubOTABackend {};
+struct StubOTABackend {
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) {
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) {}
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN; }
+  OTAResponseTypes end() { return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN; }
+  void abort() {}
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
+};
 std::unique_ptr<StubOTABackend> make_ota_backend();
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 using OTABackendPtr = decltype(make_ota_backend());
+static_assert(OTABackendContract<OTABackendPtr::element_type>,
+              "The platform's OTA backend is missing part of the backend surface (ota_backend.h)");
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
index ee503a49e1..89e3f99e1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 
 namespace {
 
-const char *const TAG = "ota.host";
+const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 constexpr size_t MAX_OTA_SIZE = 256u * 1024u * 1024u;  // 256 MiB
 constexpr size_t HEADER_PEEK_SIZE = 64;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp
index 062e4d0811..5a83d92689 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_bootloader_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include "ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PARTITIONS
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::register_and_validate_bootloader_part_() {
   // Register the bootloader partition
@@ -69,12 +70,20 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::setup_bootloader_staging_() {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY;
   }
   // Erase full size of the bootloader partition in the staging partition
-  // to avoid copying old data to the bootloader partition later
+  // to avoid copying old data to the bootloader partition later. Up to
+  // ESP_BOOTLOADER_SIZE of blocking erase; widen the WDT for its duration.
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(15000);
   esp_err_t err = esp_partition_erase_range(this->partition_, 0, this->bootloader_part_->size);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_partition_erase_range failed (err=0x%X)", err);
     // No critical error, don't return
   }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_BLOCK_ERASE_AHEAD
+  if (err == ESP_OK) {
+    // Skip re-erasing the pre-erased staging region in erase_ahead_()
+    this->erased_end_ = this->bootloader_part_->size;
+  }
+#endif
   err = esp_ota_set_final_partition(this->update_handle_, this->bootloader_part_, false);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     esp_ota_abort(this->update_handle_);
@@ -94,6 +103,18 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::finalize_bootloader_update_(esp_err_t ota_end_er
   if (ota_end_err != ESP_OK) {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY;
   }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
+  // The new bootloader is staged in partition_. IDF never signature-checks a
+  // bootloader image in this software-signed config -- esp_image_verify() skips
+  // it when is_bootloader() is true -- so without this a bootloader OTA would
+  // install unverified. Require a trusted signature, which means the bootloader
+  // must be externally signed and 4 KiB-padded, the same as the app.
+  if (!this->verify_signed_image_(this->partition_)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bootloader image is not signed by a trusted key; a bootloader OTA requires an "
+                  "externally-signed, 4 KiB-padded bootloader.bin");
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY;
+  }
+#endif
   esp_bootloader_desc_t bootloader_desc;
   esp_err_t desc_err = esp_ota_get_bootloader_description(this->partition_, &bootloader_desc);
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_SRAM1_AS_IRAM
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp
index a7fc709313..d2b1196de6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_partitions_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
 
 static inline bool check_overlap(uint32_t a_offset, size_t a_size, uint32_t b_offset, size_t b_size) {
   return (a_offset + a_size > b_offset && b_offset + b_size > a_offset);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ec4e3cc62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::ota {
+
+// The PSA Crypto API imports an RSA public key as a DER RSAPublicKey
+// (RFC 3279 2.3.1), not as raw bignums:
+//
+//   RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE { modulus INTEGER, publicExponent INTEGER }
+//
+// The Secure Boot v2 signature block stores the modulus and exponent raw, so
+// they are wrapped here. Only RSA-3072 exists in that format, which fixes both
+// headers: a 3072-bit modulus always has its top bit set, so its INTEGER is
+// always tag + 2-byte length (0x181 = 385) + the sign pad; and the SEQUENCE
+// body is always 392..396 bytes, so its header is always tag + 2-byte length.
+// Only the exponent varies in width.
+constexpr size_t RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES = 384;
+constexpr uint8_t RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX[] = {0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x81, 0x00};
+constexpr size_t RSA_DER_MODULUS_LEN = sizeof(RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX) + RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;  // 389
+// 4-byte SEQUENCE header + modulus + the widest exponent INTEGER (tag, length,
+// sign pad, 4 bytes).
+constexpr size_t RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX = 4 + RSA_DER_MODULUS_LEN + 7;
+
+/// Wrap a raw RSA-3072 modulus and exponent as a DER RSAPublicKey.
+///
+/// @param modulus_be   Big-endian modulus, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES long.
+/// @param exponent_be  Big-endian exponent, exponent_len bytes, leading zeros allowed.
+///                     Rejected if the significant bytes would not fit a short-form length.
+/// @return the encoded length, or 0 if the exponent is zero or the buffer is too small.
+inline size_t rsa_der_public_key(const uint8_t *modulus_be, const uint8_t *exponent_be, size_t exponent_len,
+                                 uint8_t *out, size_t out_len) {
+  // A DER INTEGER is signed: drop leading zero bytes, then prepend one back if
+  // the value would otherwise read as negative.
+  while (exponent_len > 0 && exponent_be[0] == 0x00) {
+    exponent_be++;
+    exponent_len--;
+  }
+  if (exponent_len == 0) {
+    return 0;  // a zero exponent is not a usable key
+  }
+  const bool pad = (exponent_be[0] & 0x80) != 0;
+  const size_t exponent_content_len = exponent_len + (pad ? 1 : 0);
+  if (exponent_content_len > 0x7F) {
+    return 0;  // would need a long-form length, which this encoder does not write
+  }
+  const size_t exponent_der_len = 2 + exponent_content_len;
+  const size_t body_len = RSA_DER_MODULUS_LEN + exponent_der_len;
+  const size_t total_len = 4 + body_len;
+  if (total_len > out_len) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  size_t i = 0;
+  out[i++] = 0x30;  // SEQUENCE
+  out[i++] = 0x82;  // 2-byte length follows
+  out[i++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(body_len >> 8);
+  out[i++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(body_len);
+  memcpy(out + i, RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX, sizeof(RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX));
+  i += sizeof(RSA_DER_MODULUS_PREFIX);
+  memcpy(out + i, modulus_be, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES);
+  i += RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;
+  out[i++] = 0x02;  // INTEGER
+  out[i++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_content_len);
+  if (pad) {
+    out[i++] = 0x00;
+  }
+  memcpy(out + i, exponent_be, exponent_len);
+  return total_len;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..501d6ac241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_signature_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
+#include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <new>
+#include <esp_image_format.h>
+#include <esp_partition.h>
+#include <esp_rom_crc.h>
+
+#include <esp_idf_version.h>
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+// mbedtls 4.0 (IDF 6.0) made the legacy mbedtls_rsa_*/mbedtls_sha256_* headers
+// private. Use the PSA Crypto API instead, like the sha256 component does. PSA
+// crypto is auto-initialized by ESP-IDF at startup (esp_psa_crypto_init.c,
+// priority 104), so no psa_crypto_init() call is needed.
+#define USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+#include "ota_rsa_der.h"
+#include <psa/crypto.h>
+#else
+#include <mbedtls/md.h>
+#include <mbedtls/rsa.h>
+#include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::ota {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ota";
+
+// Route the "Signature check: " prefix (and its per-block form) through one
+// shared format string each, so the prefix is pooled once by the linker instead
+// of duplicated at every call site. The level macro is forwarded so compile-time
+// log-level stripping still applies.
+#define OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(level, msg) level(TAG, "Signature check: %s", msg)
+#define OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(level, i, msg) level(TAG, "Signature check: block %zu: %s", static_cast<size_t>(i), msg)
+
+// Secure Boot v2 RSA-3072 signature block, as written by espsecure and stored
+// in the 4 KiB sector following the (4 KiB-padded) app image. All bignum
+// fields are byte-reversed to little-endian for the RSA accelerator; software
+// verification reverses them back. See the espsecure "<BBxx32s384sI384sI384s"
+// packing for the authoritative layout.
+namespace {
+constexpr uint8_t SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC = 0xE7;
+constexpr uint8_t SIG_BLOCK_VERSION_RSA = 0x02;
+constexpr size_t SIG_BLOCK_SIZE = 1216;
+constexpr size_t SIG_SECTOR_ALIGN = 4096;
+constexpr size_t SIG_BLOCK_MAX_COUNT = 3;
+constexpr size_t RSA_3072_BYTES = 384;
+constexpr size_t SHA256_BYTES = 32;
+
+constexpr size_t OFFSET_KEY = 36;         // start of the hashed public-key region
+constexpr size_t KEY_REGION_LEN = 776;    // n[384] + e[4] + rinv[384] + m[4]
+constexpr size_t OFFSET_MODULUS = 36;     // n[384], little-endian
+constexpr size_t OFFSET_EXPONENT = 420;   // e, uint32 little-endian
+constexpr size_t OFFSET_SIGNATURE = 812;  // signature[384], little-endian
+constexpr size_t OFFSET_CRC = 1196;       // crc32 over bytes [0, 1196)
+
+// A public key is identified by the SHA-256 of its 776-byte key region, exactly
+// as the ROM computes it. The trusted set is compiled into the app from the
+// config's verification_keys (esp32 signed_ota codegen) -- an immutable anchor
+// that, unlike the appendable signature sector, an OTA cannot enlarge.
+using KeyDigest = std::array<uint8_t, SHA256_BYTES>;
+constexpr uint8_t TRUSTED_KEY_DIGESTS[OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_COUNT][SHA256_BYTES] = OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_DIGESTS;
+
+// A block is structurally valid if the magic, version, and CRC all check out.
+// The CRC covers everything before it and uses the same ROM routine the
+// bootloader validates the block with, so the check matches byte-for-byte.
+bool block_is_valid(const uint8_t *block) {
+  if (block[0] != SIG_BLOCK_MAGIC || block[1] != SIG_BLOCK_VERSION_RSA) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint32_t stored_crc;
+  memcpy(&stored_crc, block + OFFSET_CRC, sizeof(stored_crc));
+  return esp_rom_crc32_le(0, block, OFFSET_CRC) == stored_crc;
+}
+
+bool key_digest_of(const uint8_t *block, KeyDigest &out) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  size_t out_len = 0;
+  return psa_hash_compute(PSA_ALG_SHA_256, block + OFFSET_KEY, KEY_REGION_LEN, out.data(), out.size(), &out_len) ==
+             PSA_SUCCESS &&
+         out_len == out.size();
+#else
+  return mbedtls_sha256(block + OFFSET_KEY, KEY_REGION_LEN, out.data(), /*is224=*/0) == 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+// The offset of the signature sector: the app length rounded up to 4 KiB.
+bool signature_sector_offset(const esp_partition_t *part, size_t &out_offset) {
+  esp_partition_pos_t pos{.offset = part->address, .size = part->size};
+  esp_image_metadata_t meta{};
+  if (esp_image_get_metadata(&pos, &meta) != ESP_OK) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Bound the image length before rounding up so a crafted header can't
+  // overflow the addition; the image plus its signature sector must fit.
+  if (meta.image_len > part->size) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  out_offset = (meta.image_len + SIG_SECTOR_ALIGN - 1) & ~(SIG_SECTOR_ALIGN - 1);
+  return out_offset + SIG_BLOCK_SIZE <= part->size;
+}
+
+// SHA-256 over the 4 KiB-padded image, i.e. everything the signature covers.
+// Returns false on a read or hash error so a hash failure is not later
+// misreported as a signature mismatch.
+bool image_digest(const esp_partition_t *part, size_t image_padded_len, uint8_t *out) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  psa_hash_operation_t ctx = PSA_HASH_OPERATION_INIT;
+  bool ok = psa_hash_setup(&ctx, PSA_ALG_SHA_256) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
+  mbedtls_sha256_context ctx;
+  mbedtls_sha256_init(&ctx);
+  bool ok = mbedtls_sha256_starts(&ctx, /*is224=*/0) == 0;
+#endif
+  uint8_t buf[512];
+  for (size_t off = 0; ok && off < image_padded_len; off += sizeof(buf)) {
+    size_t chunk = std::min(sizeof(buf), image_padded_len - off);
+    if (esp_partition_read(part, off, buf, chunk) != ESP_OK) {
+      ok = false;
+      break;
+    }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+    ok = psa_hash_update(&ctx, buf, chunk) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
+    ok = mbedtls_sha256_update(&ctx, buf, chunk) == 0;
+#endif
+  }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  size_t out_len = 0;
+  if (ok) {
+    ok = psa_hash_finish(&ctx, out, SHA256_BYTES, &out_len) == PSA_SUCCESS && out_len == SHA256_BYTES;
+  }
+  // A no-op once the operation has been finished
+  psa_hash_abort(&ctx);
+#else
+  if (ok) {
+    ok = mbedtls_sha256_finish(&ctx, out) == 0;
+  }
+  mbedtls_sha256_free(&ctx);
+#endif
+  return ok;
+}
+
+// Verify one RSA-PSS-3072-SHA256 signature block over the image digest. The
+// block's modulus and signature are stored little-endian; reverse them in place
+// -- block is the caller's scratch buffer, overwritten on the next iteration --
+// rather than stacking a second 384-byte copy of each bignum.
+
+bool rsa_pss_verify(uint8_t *block, const uint8_t *digest) {
+  std::reverse(block + OFFSET_MODULUS, block + OFFSET_MODULUS + RSA_3072_BYTES);
+  std::reverse(block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE, block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE + RSA_3072_BYTES);
+  uint32_t exponent_le;
+  memcpy(&exponent_le, block + OFFSET_EXPONENT, sizeof(exponent_le));
+  uint8_t exponent_be[4] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le >> 24), static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le >> 16),
+                            static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(exponent_le)};
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  static_assert(RSA_3072_BYTES == RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES, "signature block and DER encoder disagree on modulus size");
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t der_len = rsa_der_public_key(block + OFFSET_MODULUS, exponent_be, sizeof(exponent_be), der, sizeof(der));
+  psa_key_attributes_t attr = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT;
+  psa_set_key_type(&attr, PSA_KEY_TYPE_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY);
+  psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attr, PSA_KEY_USAGE_VERIFY_HASH);
+  // ANY_SALT preserves the salt-length acceptance of mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_verify(),
+  // which this replaces; espsecure signs with a 32-byte salt. TF-PSA-Crypto defines
+  // PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS_ANY_SALT from PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS, which IDF enables.
+  psa_set_key_algorithm(&attr, PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS_ANY_SALT(PSA_ALG_SHA_256));
+  mbedtls_svc_key_id_t key = MBEDTLS_SVC_KEY_ID_INIT;
+  const bool key_ok = der_len != 0 && psa_import_key(&attr, der, der_len, &key) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
+  mbedtls_rsa_context rsa;
+  mbedtls_rsa_init(&rsa);
+  const bool key_ok = mbedtls_rsa_import_raw(&rsa, block + OFFSET_MODULUS, RSA_3072_BYTES, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0,
+                                             nullptr, 0, exponent_be, sizeof(exponent_be)) == 0 &&
+                      mbedtls_rsa_complete(&rsa) == 0 &&
+                      mbedtls_rsa_set_padding(&rsa, MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256) == 0;
+#endif
+  bool verified = false;
+  if (!key_ok) {
+    // A setup/allocation failure (e.g. OOM right after the download) is not a
+    // signature mismatch -- log it distinctly so it isn't read as "wrong key".
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "RSA key setup failed");
+  } else {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+    verified = psa_verify_hash(key, PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS_ANY_SALT(PSA_ALG_SHA_256), digest, SHA256_BYTES,
+                               block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE, RSA_3072_BYTES) == PSA_SUCCESS;
+#else
+    verified =
+        mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_verify(&rsa, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256, SHA256_BYTES, digest, block + OFFSET_SIGNATURE) == 0;
+#endif
+  }
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIG_PSA
+  if (key_ok) {
+    psa_destroy_key(key);
+  }
+#else
+  mbedtls_rsa_free(&rsa);
+#endif
+  return verified;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool IDFOTABackend::verify_signed_image_(const esp_partition_t *incoming) {
+  // Verification re-hashes the full image (after esp_ota_end already did one
+  // pass), which can approach the task WDT budget on a large app. Extend it for
+  // the duration, scaled to the image size over a 15 s floor.
+  const uint32_t verify_budget_ms = 15000 + (incoming->size >> 10) * 10;
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager watchdog(verify_budget_ms);
+
+  size_t incoming_sector;
+  if (!signature_sector_offset(incoming, incoming_sector)) {
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "cannot locate incoming signature sector");
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint8_t digest[SHA256_BYTES];
+  if (!image_digest(incoming, incoming_sector, digest)) {
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "cannot hash incoming image");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Accept if any incoming block is signed by a compiled-in trusted key AND its
+  // signature verifies over the image. Iterating all blocks (not just the
+  // first) is the whole point -- it lets a bridge/backup key in a later block
+  // be the match. The trust check is against the immutable compiled-in set, so
+  // extra (self-signed) blocks an attacker appends carry keys we simply ignore.
+  // Heap-allocate the 1216-byte block for the duration of verification: this
+  // runs mid-OTA on the loop task, on top of the caller's live 1 KB OTA buffer
+  // and mbedtls's own ~1 KB verify scratch, so keeping it off the stack widens
+  // a thin margin. One short-lived allocation right before reboot is not the
+  // fragmentation pattern the project guards against. nothrow so an OOM here
+  // fails closed like every other error path, rather than aborting.
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> block(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[SIG_BLOCK_SIZE]);
+  if (!block) {
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "out of memory");
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool any_valid_block = false;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < SIG_BLOCK_MAX_COUNT; i++) {
+    size_t off = incoming_sector + i * SIG_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    if (off + SIG_BLOCK_SIZE > incoming->size) {
+      break;  // partition has no room for another block; done scanning
+    }
+    // A read fault is not "no trusted key" -- fail closed with a distinct error.
+    if (esp_partition_read(incoming, off, block.get(), SIG_BLOCK_SIZE) != ESP_OK) {
+      OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(ESP_LOGE, i, "unreadable");
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!block_is_valid(block.get())) {
+      OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(ESP_LOGD, i, "absent or malformed");
+      continue;
+    }
+    any_valid_block = true;
+    KeyDigest incoming_key;
+    if (!key_digest_of(block.get(), incoming_key)) {
+      OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(ESP_LOGE, i, "key hash failed");
+      return false;
+    }
+    bool trusted_key = false;
+    for (const auto &trusted : TRUSTED_KEY_DIGESTS) {
+      if (memcmp(incoming_key.data(), trusted, SHA256_BYTES) == 0) {
+        trusted_key = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!trusted_key) {
+      OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(ESP_LOGW, i, "signed by an untrusted key");
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (rsa_pss_verify(block.get(), digest)) {
+      OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(ESP_LOGD, i, "verified with a trusted key");
+      return true;
+    }
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG_BLOCK(ESP_LOGW, i, "trusted key failed to verify");
+  }
+
+  // Separate "not signed at all" from "signed by an untrusted key" -- the former
+  // otherwise reads as the latter on a device that only logs at INFO.
+  if (!any_valid_block) {
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "image has no signature block");
+  } else {
+    OTA_IDF_SIG_LOG(ESP_LOGE, "no trusted key produced a valid signature");
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota
+
+#endif  // USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/output/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/output/automation.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 610da897d9..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/output/automation.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "automation.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::output {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "output.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::output
diff --git a/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
index 44a1ebf36e..171c6753ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from collections import UserDict
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import reduce
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 DOMAIN = CONF_PACKAGES
 # Guard against infinite include chains (e.g. A includes B includes A).
 MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH = 20
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ def valid_package_contents(package_config: dict) -> dict:
     return package_config
 
 
-def expand_file_to_files(config: dict):
+def expand_file_to_files(config: dict) -> dict:
     if CONF_FILE in config:
         new_config = config
         new_config[CONF_FILES] = [config[CONF_FILE]]
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ def expand_file_to_files(config: dict):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_yaml_filename(value):
+def validate_yaml_filename(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
 
     if not value.endswith((".yaml", ".yml")):
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ def validate_yaml_filename(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_source_shorthand(value):
+def validate_source_shorthand(value: Any) -> dict:
     if not isinstance(value, str):
         raise cv.Invalid("Git URL shorthand only for strings")
 
@@ -198,6 +201,14 @@ def _process_remote_package(config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if base_path := config.get(CONF_PATH):
         repo_dir = repo_dir / base_path
 
+    # Deferred import: keeps esphome.bundle off the device builder's
+    # startup path, since packages is loaded on every config parse.
+    from esphome.bundle import add_secret_scan_dir
+
+    # Register the path-narrowed dir, not repo_root, so example configs
+    # elsewhere in the repo do not widen the shipped secrets.
+    add_secret_scan_dir(repo_dir)
+
     for file in config[CONF_FILES]:
         if isinstance(file, str):
             files.append({CONF_PATH: file, CONF_VARS: {}})
@@ -267,8 +278,23 @@ def _process_remote_package(config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         # If loading fails, the cached checkout may be stale — revert and retry once.
         try:
             return {CONF_PACKAGES: get_packages(files)}
-        except cv.Invalid:
-            revert()
+        except cv.Invalid as err:
+            if not revert():
+                # The pre-update content is out of reach (lock timeout, the
+                # checkout moved, or the reset failed; see the log), so a
+                # retry could not see it.
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Failed to load packages and could not revert the cached "
+                    f"checkout to retry. {err}",
+                    path=err.path,
+                ) from err
+            # If the retry succeeds this is the only trace that the
+            # refreshed upstream content was broken.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Loading packages failed (%s), reverted the cached checkout "
+                "and retrying",
+                err,
+            )
         try:
             return {CONF_PACKAGES: get_packages(files)}
         except cv.Invalid as err:
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 4293dffb15..c36d421a35 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 """ESPHome packet transport component."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 import hashlib
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.api import CONF_ENCRYPTION
 from esphome.components.binary_sensor import BinarySensor
 from esphome.components.sensor import Sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BINARY_SENSORS,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERNAL,
     CONF_KEY,
@@ -17,8 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_SENSORS,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["xxtea"]
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ CONF_TRANSPORT_ID = "transport_id"
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass):
+def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.maybe_simple_value(
         cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass):
     )
 
 
-def provider_name_validate(value):
+def provider_name_validate(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.valid_name(value)
     if "_" in value:
         _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ PROVIDER_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA)
 
 
-def validate_(config):
+def validate_(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
         if CONF_SENSORS not in config and CONF_BINARY_SENSORS not in config:
             raise cv.Invalid("No sensors or binary sensors to encrypt")
@@ -117,11 +120,11 @@ TRANSPORT_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def transport_schema(cls):
+def transport_schema(cls: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
     return TRANSPORT_SCHEMA.extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cls)})
 
 
-def get_sensors(transport_id):
+def get_sensors(transport_id: ID) -> Iterator[ConfigType]:
     """Return the list of sensors for this platform."""
     return (
         sensor
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ def get_sensors(transport_id):
     )
 
 
-def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config):
+def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_NAME in config and CONF_INTERNAL not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("Must provide internal: config when using name:")
     conf_sensors = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(CONF_SENSORS, [])
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config):
     return config
 
 
-def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema):
+def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema: cv.Schema) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.All(
         base_schema.extend(
             {
@@ -152,11 +155,11 @@ def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema):
     )
 
 
-def hash_encryption_key(config: dict):
+def hash_encryption_key(config: dict) -> list[int]:
     return list(hashlib.sha256(config[CONF_KEY].encode()).digest())
 
 
-async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
+async def register_packet_transport(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> set[str]:
     var = await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_rolling_code_enable(config[CONF_ROLLING_CODE_ENABLE]))
     cg.add(var.set_ping_pong_enable(config[CONF_PING_PONG_ENABLE]))
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
     return providers
 
 
-async def new_packet_transport(config):
+async def new_packet_transport(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[MockObj, set[str]]:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_platform_name(config[CONF_PLATFORM]))
     providers = await register_packet_transport(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
index 09bbf91c99..37c4688242 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (
     CONF_ENCRYPTION,
@@ -44,10 +45,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_TYPE] != CONF_STATUS:
         # Only run this validation if a status sensor is being configured
-        return config
+        return
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     transport_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])[:-1]
     transport_config = full_config.get_config_for_path(transport_path)
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         for p in transport_config[CONF_PROVIDERS]
         if p[CONF_NAME] == config[CONF_PROVIDER]
     ):
-        return config
+        return
     raise cv.Invalid(
         "Status sensor requires ping-pong to be enabled and the nominated provider to use encryption."
     )
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_STATUS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
index 15c0e33b30..018f1c3a9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.sensor import new_sensor, sensor_schema
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (
     CONF_PROVIDER,
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from . import (
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = packet_transport_sensor_schema(sensor_schema())
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_sensor(config)
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])
     remote_id = str(config.get(CONF_REMOTE_ID) or config.get(CONF_ID))
diff --git a/esphome/components/partition/light.py b/esphome/components/partition/light.py
index 58de1183ff..b2341f95b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/partition/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/partition/light.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TO,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 partitions_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("partition")
 AddressableSegment = partitions_ns.class_("AddressableSegment")
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ PartitionLightOutput = partitions_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_from_to(value):
+def validate_from_to(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ID in value and value[CONF_FROM] > value[CONF_TO]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"From ({value[CONF_FROM]}) must not be larger than to ({value[CONF_TO]})"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def validate_from_to(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_segment(config):
+def validate_segment(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
 
     if CONF_ID in config:  # only validate addressable segments
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     segments = []
     for conf in config[CONF_SEGMENTS]:
         if CONF_SINGLE_LIGHT_ID in conf:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py
index 813bb35c48..47b9118d9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca6416a/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mat931"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA6416AComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ PCA6416A_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PCA6416A, PCA6416A_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pca6416a_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pca6416a_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA6416A])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
index 99b812b33b..5272df2b55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@hwstar", "@clydebarrow", "@bdraco"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA9554Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PIN_COUNT, default=8): cv.one_of(4, 8, 16),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_pin_count(config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -69,7 +71,9 @@ PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def pca9554_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def pca9554_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     count = parent_config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= count:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be in range 0-{count - 1}")
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ def pca9554_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_PCA9554, PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA, pca9554_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def pca9554_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pca9554_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA9554])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py
index 0e238ff7da..817cfd1c30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9685/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_PHASE_BALANCER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ PHASE_BALANCERS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_frequency(config):
+def validate_frequency(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_EXTERNAL_CLOCK_INPUT]:
         if CONF_FREQUENCY in config:
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     if CONF_FREQUENCY in config:
         cg.add(var.set_frequency(config[CONF_FREQUENCY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py b/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py
index 302c2f78c0..3bb8882ed3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9685/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import PCA9685Output, pca9685_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA9685_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py b/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py
index 2f6dcc56ed..42cef67488 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py b/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
index 8e19178cc9..771461905e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@brogon"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -31,7 +34,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -47,13 +55,18 @@ async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf85063_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf85063_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py b/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
index 1502158c29..8a0b871be9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@KoenBreeman"]
 
@@ -34,7 +37,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -50,13 +58,18 @@ async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pcf8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pcf8563_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
index d8a1e20db6..9f8c7fabd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCF8574Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PCF8575, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ PCF8574_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PCF8574, PCF8574_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pcf8574_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pcf8574_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCF8574])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py
index 0017a1ef5a..5091efabea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/audio_dac.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
+    CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
     CONF_INVERTED,
@@ -12,10 +13,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@remcom"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
+CONF_ANALOG_GAIN = "analog_gain"
+CONF_CHANNEL_MIX = "channel_mix"
+CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB = "volume_min_db"
+CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB = "volume_max_db"
+
 pcm5122_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pcm5122")
 PCM5122 = pcm5122_ns.class_("PCM5122", AudioDac, cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
 CONF_PCM5122 = "pcm5122"
@@ -27,30 +35,64 @@ PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_ENUM = {
     32: pcm5122_bits_per_sample.PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32,
 }
 
+pcm5122_analog_gain = pcm5122_ns.enum("PCM5122AnalogGain")
+PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_ENUM = {
+    "0db": pcm5122_analog_gain.PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_0DB,
+    "-6db": pcm5122_analog_gain.PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_MINUS_6DB,
+}
+
+pcm5122_channel_mix = pcm5122_ns.enum("PCM5122ChannelMix")
+PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_ENUM = {
+    "stereo": pcm5122_channel_mix.PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_STEREO,
+    "left": pcm5122_channel_mix.PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_LEFT_ONLY,
+    "right": pcm5122_channel_mix.PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_RIGHT_ONLY,
+    "swapped": pcm5122_channel_mix.PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_SWAPPED,
+}
+
 _validate_bits = cv.float_with_unit("bits", "bit")
 
 
+def _validate_volume_range(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB] >= config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"{CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB} must be less than {CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB}")
+    return config
+
+
 PCM5122GPIOPin = pcm5122_ns.class_(
     "PCM5122GPIOPin",
     cg.GPIOPin,
     cg.Parented.template(PCM5122),
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(PCM5122),
             cv.Optional(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, default="16bit"): cv.All(
                 _validate_bits, cv.enum(PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_ENUM)
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ANALOG_GAIN, default="0db"): cv.enum(
+                PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_ENUM, lower=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_MIX, default="stereo"): cv.enum(
+                PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_ENUM, lower=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB, default="-52.5dB"): cv.All(
+                cv.decibel, cv.float_range(min=-103.0, max=24.0)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB, default="0dB"): cv.All(
+                cv.decibel, cv.float_range(min=-103.0, max=24.0)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x4D))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x4D)),
+    _validate_volume_range,
 )
 
 
-def _validate_pin_mode(value):
+def _validate_pin_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -58,7 +100,7 @@ def _validate_pin_mode(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _validate_pin(value):
+def _validate_pin(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_NUMBER] == 6:
         raise cv.Invalid("GPIO6 cannot be used as input on the PCM5122")
     return value
@@ -80,7 +122,7 @@ PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PCM5122, PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pcm5122_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pcm5122_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_PCM5122])
 
@@ -90,9 +132,16 @@ async def pcm5122_pin_to_code(config):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_bits_per_sample(config[CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_analog_gain(config[CONF_ANALOG_GAIN]))
+    cg.add(var.set_channel_mix(config[CONF_CHANNEL_MIX]))
+    cg.add(var.set_volume_min_db(config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN_DB]))
+    cg.add(var.set_volume_max_db(config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX_DB]))
+    if enable_pin_config := config.get(CONF_ENABLE_PIN):
+        enable_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(enable_pin_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_enable_pin(enable_pin))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp b/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp
index 68bbd50e4f..d178cb83b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ namespace esphome::pcm5122 {
 static const char *const TAG = "pcm5122";
 
 void PCM5122::setup() {
+  // Hold XSMT low (soft mute asserted) until init completes
+  if (this->enable_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->enable_pin_->setup();
+    this->enable_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  }
+
   // Select page 0 and verify chip presence via I2C ACK
   if (!this->select_page_(0)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write failed");
@@ -51,7 +57,22 @@ void PCM5122::setup() {
   }
   this->reg(PCM5122_REG_AUDIO_FORMAT) = PCM5122_AUDIO_FORMAT_I2S | alen;
 
+  if (!this->write_channel_mix_()) {
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->write_analog_gain_()) {
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
   // PLL reference clock: BCK
+  if (!this->select_page_(0)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write failed");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
   optional<uint8_t> pll_ref = this->read_byte(PCM5122_REG_PLL_REF);
   if (!pll_ref.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read PLL_REF");
@@ -67,15 +88,40 @@ void PCM5122::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
+
+  // Release XSMT (soft un-mute) now that init has completed
+  if (this->enable_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->enable_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
 }
 
 void PCM5122::dump_config() {
+  const char *channel_mix_str;
+  switch (this->channel_mix_) {
+    case PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_LEFT_ONLY:
+      channel_mix_str = "left only";
+      break;
+    case PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_RIGHT_ONLY:
+      channel_mix_str = "right only";
+      break;
+    case PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_SWAPPED:
+      channel_mix_str = "swapped";
+      break;
+    default:
+      channel_mix_str = "stereo";
+      break;
+  }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Audio DAC:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Bits per sample: %u\n"
+                "  Analog gain: %s\n"
+                "  Channel mix: %s\n"
+                "  Volume range: %.1f dB to %.1f dB\n"
                 "  Muted: %s",
-                this->bits_per_sample_, YESNO(this->is_muted_));
+                this->bits_per_sample_, this->analog_gain_ == PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_0DB ? "0 dB" : "-6 dB",
+                channel_mix_str, this->volume_min_db_, this->volume_max_db_, YESNO(this->is_muted_));
+  LOG_PIN("  Enable Pin: ", this->enable_pin_);
 }
 
 bool PCM5122::set_mute_off() {
@@ -118,11 +164,11 @@ bool PCM5122::write_mute_() {
 }
 
 bool PCM5122::write_volume_() {
-  // DVOL register: 0x00 = +24 dB, 0x30 = 0 dB, 0xFF = mute (-0.5 dB/step).
-  // Note: volume=0.0 maps to -52.5 dB (still audible), not true silence.
+  // DVOL register: 0x00 = +24 dB, 0x30 = 0 dB, 0xFE = -103 dB, 0xFF = mute (-0.5 dB/step).
+  // Note: volume=0.0 maps to volume_min_db_, which is not true silence unless set to -103 dB.
   // Use set_mute_on() for silence.
-  const uint8_t dvol_max_volume = 0x30;  // 0 dB at full scale
-  const uint8_t dvol_min_volume = 0x99;  // -52.5 dB at minimum
+  const uint8_t dvol_max_volume = static_cast<uint8_t>(lroundf(0x30 - this->volume_max_db_ * 2.0f));
+  const uint8_t dvol_min_volume = static_cast<uint8_t>(lroundf(0x30 - this->volume_min_db_ * 2.0f));
 
   const uint8_t volume_byte =
       dvol_max_volume + static_cast<uint8_t>(lroundf((1.0f - this->volume_) * (dvol_min_volume - dvol_max_volume)));
@@ -137,4 +183,52 @@ bool PCM5122::write_volume_() {
   return true;
 }
 
+bool PCM5122::write_analog_gain_() {
+  uint8_t gain_byte = this->analog_gain_;
+  if (!this->select_page_(1) || !this->write_byte(PCM5122_REG_ANALOG_GAIN, gain_byte)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Writing analog gain failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool PCM5122::write_channel_mix_() {
+  uint8_t channel_mix_byte = this->channel_mix_;
+  if (!this->select_page_(0) || !this->write_byte(PCM5122_REG_DAC_DATA_PATH, channel_mix_byte)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Writing channel mix failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool PCM5122::set_standby(bool enable) {
+  bool prev_standby = this->standby_;
+  this->standby_ = enable;
+  if (!this->write_power_control_()) {
+    this->standby_ = prev_standby;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool PCM5122::set_powerdown(bool enable) {
+  bool prev_powerdown = this->powerdown_;
+  this->powerdown_ = enable;
+  if (!this->write_power_control_()) {
+    this->powerdown_ = prev_powerdown;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool PCM5122::write_power_control_() {
+  uint8_t power_byte =
+      (this->standby_ ? PCM5122_POWER_CONTROL_RQST : 0) | (this->powerdown_ ? PCM5122_POWER_CONTROL_RQPD : 0);
+  if (!this->select_page_(0) || !this->write_byte(PCM5122_REG_POWER_CONTROL, power_byte)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Writing power control failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::pcm5122
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.h b/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.h
index 3c42e4d8d2..199818b06e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/pcm5122.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/audio_dac/audio_dac.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
 namespace esphome::pcm5122 {
@@ -10,11 +11,13 @@ namespace esphome::pcm5122 {
 // Page 0 register addresses
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_PAGE_SELECT = 0x00;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_RESET = 0x01;
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_POWER_CONTROL = 0x02;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_MUTE = 0x03;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_GPIO_ENABLE = 0x08;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_PLL_REF = 0x0D;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_ERROR_DETECT = 0x25;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_AUDIO_FORMAT = 0x28;
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_DAC_DATA_PATH = 0x2A;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_DVOL_LEFT = 0x3D;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_DVOL_RIGHT = 0x3E;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_GPIO_OUTPUT_SELECT = 0x50;       // Base address; GPIO n uses offset n-1
@@ -23,6 +26,9 @@ static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_GPIO_OUTPUT = 0x56;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_GPIO_INVERT = 0x57;
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_GPIO_INPUT = 0x77;
 
+// Page 1 register addresses
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_REG_ANALOG_GAIN = 0x02;
+
 // Register values for init sequence
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_RESET_MODULES = 0x10;     // RSTM: reset audio modules
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_AUDIO_FORMAT_I2S = 0x00;  // AFMT = I2S (bits [5:4] = 00)
@@ -35,12 +41,33 @@ static const uint8_t PCM5122_ERROR_DETECT_DISABLE_DIV_AUTOSET = (1 << 1);
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_PLL_REF_MASK = (7 << 4);        // SREF bits [6:4]
 static const uint8_t PCM5122_PLL_REF_SOURCE_BCK = (1 << 4);  // SREF = 001 (BCK)
 
+// Page 0, Register 2 (Power Control): RQST = standby request, RQPD = powerdown request (§10.5.3)
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_POWER_CONTROL_RQST = (1 << 4);
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_POWER_CONTROL_RQPD = (1 << 0);
+
+// Page 1, Register 2 (Analog Gain Control): LAGN/RAGN select 0 dB or -6 dB analog gain (§8.3.5.5)
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_LAGN = (1 << 4);
+static const uint8_t PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_RAGN = (1 << 0);
+
 enum PCM5122BitsPerSample : uint8_t {
   PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_16 = 16,
   PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_24 = 24,
   PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32 = 32,
 };
 
+enum PCM5122AnalogGain : uint8_t {
+  PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_0DB = 0x00,
+  PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_MINUS_6DB = PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_LAGN | PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_RAGN,
+};
+
+// Page 0, Register 0x2A (DAC Data Path): AUPL/AUPR select which channel's data feeds each output (§7.4.2.42)
+enum PCM5122ChannelMix : uint8_t {
+  PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_STEREO = 0x11,      // Left data -> left out, right data -> right out
+  PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_LEFT_ONLY = 0x12,   // Left data -> both outputs
+  PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_RIGHT_ONLY = 0x21,  // Right data -> both outputs
+  PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_SWAPPED = 0x22,     // Left/right outputs swapped
+};
+
 class PCM5122 final : public audio_dac::AudioDac, public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -48,6 +75,11 @@ class PCM5122 final : public audio_dac::AudioDac, public Component, public i2c::
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
   void set_bits_per_sample(PCM5122BitsPerSample bits_per_sample) { this->bits_per_sample_ = bits_per_sample; }
+  void set_analog_gain(PCM5122AnalogGain analog_gain) { this->analog_gain_ = analog_gain; }
+  void set_channel_mix(PCM5122ChannelMix channel_mix) { this->channel_mix_ = channel_mix; }
+  void set_volume_min_db(float volume_min_db) { this->volume_min_db_ = volume_min_db; }
+  void set_volume_max_db(float volume_max_db) { this->volume_max_db_ = volume_max_db; }
+  void set_enable_pin(GPIOPin *enable_pin) { this->enable_pin_ = enable_pin; }
 
   bool set_mute_off() override;
   bool set_mute_on() override;
@@ -56,17 +88,30 @@ class PCM5122 final : public audio_dac::AudioDac, public Component, public i2c::
   bool is_muted() override;
   float volume() override;
 
+  bool set_standby(bool enable);
+  bool set_powerdown(bool enable);
+
   friend class PCM5122GPIOPin;
 
  protected:
   bool select_page_(uint8_t page);
   bool write_mute_();
   bool write_volume_();
+  bool write_analog_gain_();
+  bool write_channel_mix_();
+  bool write_power_control_();
 
-  float volume_{1.0f};        // Matches chip post-reset DVOL default (0x30 = 0 dB)
-  int16_t current_page_{-1};  // -1 = unknown; cached to skip redundant page-select writes
+  GPIOPin *enable_pin_{nullptr};
+  float volume_{1.0f};           // Matches chip post-reset DVOL default (0x30 = 0 dB)
+  float volume_min_db_{-52.5f};  // Matches the previous hardcoded minimum (0x99)
+  float volume_max_db_{0.0f};    // Matches the previous hardcoded maximum (0x30)
+  int16_t current_page_{-1};     // -1 = unknown; cached to skip redundant page-select writes
   bool is_muted_{false};
+  bool standby_{false};
+  bool powerdown_{false};
   PCM5122BitsPerSample bits_per_sample_{PCM5122_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_16};
+  PCM5122AnalogGain analog_gain_{PCM5122_ANALOG_GAIN_0DB};
+  PCM5122ChannelMix channel_mix_{PCM5122_CHANNEL_MIX_STEREO};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pcm5122
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..829adeccb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import switch
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_POWER_MODE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from ..audio_dac import CONF_PCM5122, PCM5122, pcm5122_ns
+
+PCM5122PowerSwitch = pcm5122_ns.class_("PCM5122PowerSwitch", switch.Switch)
+
+pcm5122_power_switch_mode = pcm5122_ns.enum("PCM5122PowerSwitchMode")
+PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_ENUM = {
+    "standby": pcm5122_power_switch_mode.PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_STANDBY,
+    "powerdown": pcm5122_power_switch_mode.PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_POWERDOWN,
+}
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
+    PCM5122PowerSwitch,
+    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+).extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_PCM5122): cv.use_id(PCM5122),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_MODE, default="powerdown"): cv.enum(
+            PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_ENUM, lower=True
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await switch.new_switch(config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_PCM5122])
+    cg.add(var.set_power_mode(config[CONF_POWER_MODE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/power_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/power_switch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45f0be715d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/power_switch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "power_switch.h"
+
+namespace esphome::pcm5122 {
+
+void PCM5122PowerSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
+  bool ok = (this->mode_ == PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_STANDBY) ? this->parent_->set_standby(state)
+                                                               : this->parent_->set_powerdown(state);
+  if (ok)
+    this->publish_state(state);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::pcm5122
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/power_switch.h b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/power_switch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47d30f1a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/pcm5122/switch/power_switch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+
+#include "../pcm5122.h"
+
+namespace esphome::pcm5122 {
+
+enum PCM5122PowerSwitchMode : uint8_t {
+  PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_STANDBY,
+  PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_POWERDOWN,
+};
+
+class PCM5122PowerSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<PCM5122> {
+ public:
+  void set_power_mode(PCM5122PowerSwitchMode mode) { this->mode_ = mode; }
+
+ protected:
+  void write_state(bool state) override;
+
+  PCM5122PowerSwitchMode mode_{PCM5122_POWER_SWITCH_MODE_POWERDOWN};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::pcm5122
diff --git a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
index d5b19dab1c..11a5dd62bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
     CONF_RESET,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PI4IOE5V6408Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESET, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ PI4IOE5V6408_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_PI4IOE5V6408, PI4IOE5V6408_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pi4ioe5v6408_pin_schema(config):
+async def pi4ioe5v6408_pin_schema(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_PI4IOE5V6408])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
index 3e4ff754c9..4945547f2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, output, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR, CONF_ID, CONF_SENSOR
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 pid_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pid")
 PIDClimate = pid_ns.class_("PIDClimate", climate.Climate, cg.Component)
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -141,7 +144,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pid_reset_integral_term(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pid_reset_integral_term(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
@@ -163,7 +171,12 @@ async def pid_reset_integral_term(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     cg.add(var.set_noiseband(config[CONF_NOISEBAND]))
@@ -185,7 +198,12 @@ async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_control_parameters(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_control_parameters(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py
index d26e88e38a..94d641de47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import sensor
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_CLIMATE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TYPE, ICON_GAUGE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_PERCENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..climate import PIDClimate, pid_ns
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_CLIMATE_ID])
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py
index e3966aa2cc..b404409145 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andreashergert1984"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5bcf1f75ee..62c0ed8538 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
     for type in TYPES:
         if type in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
index d1ea981589..62e6d0f113 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VALUE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pipsolar_ns
 
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type, (_, command) in TYPES.items():
@@ -100,7 +103,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def output_pipsolar_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def output_pipsolar_set_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py
index 88c6566d63..5a697157b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type in TYPES:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py
index 11dbc91110..2b493eac95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pipsolar_ns
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type, (on, off) in TYPES.items():
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 90ce3a7e55..cc7477395b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
 
     for type in TYPES:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py
index 8ff21ab069..8274726ac4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pm1006/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@habbie"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def validate_interval_uart(config):
+def validate_interval_uart(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     interval = config.get(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL)
     uart.final_validate_device_schema(
         "pm1006",
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ def validate_interval_uart(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_interval_uart
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py
index 3a650560a0..f16c100e5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pm2005/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andrewjswan"]
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Code generation entry point."""
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py
index 2a5b9eeac0..14f27f89cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmsa003i/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py
index 0a11120bf0..fe784c5ffe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmsx003/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import TimePeriodMilliseconds
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ximex"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -167,14 +171,14 @@ SENSORS_TO_TYPE = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_pmsx003_sensors(value):
+def validate_pmsx003_sensors(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     for key, types in SENSORS_TO_TYPE.items():
         if key in value and value[CONF_TYPE] not in types:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"{value[CONF_TYPE]} does not have {key} sensor!")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_update_interval(value):
+def validate_update_interval(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMilliseconds:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
     if value == cv.time_period("0s"):
         return value
@@ -295,7 +299,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     require_tx = config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] > cv.time_period("0s")
     schema = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
         "pmsx003", baud_rate=9600, require_rx=True, require_tx=require_tx
@@ -306,7 +310,7 @@ def final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
index c0bc54c5ba..ae22b3e0d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_THERMOMETER,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@SeByDocKy"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -114,7 +117,12 @@ PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pmwcs3_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pmwcs3_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
@@ -134,7 +142,12 @@ PMWCS3_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     PMWCS3_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pmwcs3newi2caddress_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pmwcs3newi2caddress_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
     address = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ADDRESS], args, cg.int_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py
index f34df21647..6258932312 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@jesserockz"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "nfc"]
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ PN532_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-def CONFIG_SCHEMA(conf):
+def CONFIG_SCHEMA(conf: ConfigType) -> None:
     if conf:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This component has been moved in 1.16, please see the docs for updated "
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_pn532(var, config):
+async def setup_pn532(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TAG, []):
@@ -85,7 +88,12 @@ async def setup_pn532(var, config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def pn532_is_writing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn532_is_writing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py
index b9c3103c65..8f490ba7d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_PN532_ID, PN532, pn532_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["pn532"]
 
 
-def validate_uid(value):
+def validate_uid(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     for x in value.split("-"):
         if len(x) != 2:
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(PN532BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PN532_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py
index 7304f1b8ad..16b877b1f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, pn532
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn532"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn532.setup_pn532(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py
index 67ebc88872..734f794180 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import pn532, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn532"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn532.setup_pn532(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
index 9dd3e8c5b0..4638992abf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "nfc"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -107,7 +110,12 @@ PN7150_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_MESSAGE], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -158,7 +166,12 @@ async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7150_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7150_simple_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -174,7 +187,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_pn7150(var, config):
+async def setup_pn7150(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_IRQ_PIN])
@@ -216,7 +229,12 @@ async def setup_pn7150(var, config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def pn7150_is_writing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7150_is_writing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py
index 00a19ba03c..d15c0b431e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, pn7150
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn7150"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn7150.setup_pn7150(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
index ef14a29099..7f9f9172a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_TAG_REMOVED,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "nfc"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -111,7 +114,12 @@ PN7160_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_MESSAGE], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -162,7 +170,12 @@ async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def pn7160_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7160_simple_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -178,7 +191,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_pn7160(var, config):
+async def setup_pn7160(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if dwl_req_pin_config := config.get(CONF_DWL_REQ_PIN):
@@ -228,7 +241,12 @@ async def setup_pn7160(var, config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def pn7160_is_writing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def pn7160_is_writing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py
index f8f8ebef98..d711c3e48f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, pn7160
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn7160"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn7160.setup_pn7160(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py
index 5498d0ac1b..7705dfa6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import pn7160, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["pn7160"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81", "@jesserockz"]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await pn7160.setup_pn7160(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py b/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py
index 851c136493..b68118b352 100644
--- a/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/power_supply/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_KEEP_ON_TIME,
     CONF_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 power_supply_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("power_supply")
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py b/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
index c426872728..abd050ec3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
@@ -1,29 +1,37 @@
+from esphome import preferences
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 preferences_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("preferences")
-IntervalSyncer = preferences_ns.class_("IntervalSyncer", cg.Component)
+IntervalSyncer = preferences_ns.class_("IntervalSyncer", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL = "flash_write_interval"
+CONF_RTC_STORAGE = "rtc_storage"
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(IntervalSyncer),
         cv.Optional(CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL, default="60s"): cv.update_interval,
+        # Compile the RTC-backed storage into the ESP32 preferences backend even
+        # when no other option selects it, so components (including external
+        # ones) requesting in_flash=false are honoured instead of falling back
+        # to NVS. No default: absence means "no request" (see
+        # preferences.validate_rtc_storage for the per-platform rules).
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RTC_STORAGE): preferences.validate_rtc_storage,
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PREFERENCES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     write_interval = config[CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL]
-    if write_interval.total_milliseconds == 0:
-        cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP")
-    else:
-        cg.add(var.set_write_interval(write_interval))
+    cg.add(var.set_update_interval(write_interval))
+    if config.get(CONF_RTC_STORAGE):
+        preferences.request_rtc_storage()
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h b/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
index cee02394b4..8a809672db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
@@ -2,26 +2,19 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+// Include for ESPDEPRECATED, Remove before 2027.3.0
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::preferences {
 
-class IntervalSyncer final : public Component {
+class IntervalSyncer final : public PollingComponent {
  public:
-#ifdef USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
-  void loop() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
-#else
-  void set_write_interval(uint32_t write_interval) { this->write_interval_ = write_interval; }
-  void setup() override {
-    this->set_interval(this->write_interval_, []() { global_preferences->sync(); });
-  }
-#endif
+  // Remove before 2027.3.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use set_update_interval() instead. Removed in 2027.3.0", "2026.9.0")
+  void set_write_interval(uint32_t write_interval) { this->set_update_interval(write_interval); }
+  void update() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
   void on_shutdown() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
-
-#ifndef USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
- protected:
-  uint32_t write_interval_{60000};
-#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::preferences
diff --git a/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py
index cc1541ce80..3624fb2442 100644
--- a/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/prometheus/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components.web_server_base import CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INCLUDE_INTERNAL, CONF_NAME, CONF_RELABEL
 from esphome.cpp_types import EntityBase
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["web_server_base"]
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])
 
     cg.add_define("USE_PROMETHEUS")
diff --git a/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py b/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9462bbb3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/provisioning/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import logging
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_TIMEOUT, CONF_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
+DOMAIN = "provisioning"
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+provisioning_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("provisioning")
+ProvisioningManager = provisioning_ns.class_("ProvisioningManager", cg.Component)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ProvisioningData:
+    # Names of the components that registered as a provisioning source this run.
+    sources: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Names of source components that have their credentials set in the config.
+    hardcoded_credentials: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+
+
+def _get_data() -> ProvisioningData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = ProvisioningData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def register_source(name: str) -> None:
+    """Record that ``name`` is a provisioning source for this configuration.
+
+    A provisioning-capable component (a transport that boots unprovisioned and is
+    set up by the controller on first connection, or a network interface that
+    provisions once connected) calls this while its own config is being processed,
+    typically from a schema validator. `provisioning:` then confirms at least one
+    source is present without inspecting the full config or knowing about any
+    specific component. State lives in CORE.data, which is cleared between runs.
+    """
+    _get_data().sources.add(name)
+
+
+def report_hardcoded_credentials(name: str) -> None:
+    """Record that source component ``name`` has its credentials set in the config.
+
+    A source component calls this from its own validator when it finds baked-in
+    credentials (a WiFi SSID/password, an API encryption key, ...). `provisioning:`
+    warns about these, since a device that ships with credentials does not need a
+    provisioning window. The warning is emitted here, by `provisioning:`, so the
+    source components stay unaware of it.
+    """
+    _get_data().hardcoded_credentials.add(name)
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ProvisioningManager),
+        cv.Required(CONF_TIMEOUT): cv.All(
+            cv.positive_not_null_time_period, cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TIMEOUT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Validate the provisioning setup once every component has been processed.
+
+    Sources register during their own config validation, so by final validation
+    both the source set and the hardcoded-credentials set are complete.
+    """
+    data = _get_data()
+    if not data.sources:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "'provisioning' requires at least one provisioning-capable component: "
+            "configure a network interface such as 'wifi:' or 'ethernet:', or enable "
+            "'api:' with 'encryption:' and no 'key:' so the device boots "
+            "unprovisioned and is configured on first connection."
+        )
+    if data.hardcoded_credentials:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "'provisioning' is configured, but credentials are set in the "
+            "configuration for: %s. A device that uses a provisioning window should "
+            "ship without credentials so they are set on first connection; "
+            "hardcoding them makes the window pointless.",
+            ", ".join(sorted(data.hardcoded_credentials)),
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_define("USE_PROVISIONING")
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
+    if on_timeout := config.get(CONF_ON_TIMEOUT):
+        await automation.build_automation(var.get_timeout_trigger(), [], on_timeout)
diff --git a/esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.cpp b/esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02c089bfed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK
+#include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::provisioning {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "provisioning";
+
+ProvisioningManager *global_provisioning_manager =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+    nullptr;
+
+ProvisioningManager::ProvisioningManager() {
+  global_provisioning_manager = this;
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK
+  // Network connectivity is a built-in provisioning source. Registered here rather
+  // than from a source's setup() because connectivity is universal, not a pluggable
+  // transport; loop() latches it provisioned once the device has connected.
+  this->network_source_ = this->register_source();
+#endif
+}
+
+uint8_t ProvisioningManager::register_source() {
+  if (this->source_count_ >= MAX_SOURCES) {
+    // Defensive: only a handful of sources exist in practice. Fail loudly rather
+    // than shifting past the mask width (undefined behavior). The returned index is
+    // ignored by set_source_provisioned()'s bounds check.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Too many provisioning sources (max %u)", MAX_SOURCES);
+    return this->source_count_;
+  }
+  uint8_t source = this->source_count_++;
+  this->registered_mask_ |= (1UL << source);
+  return source;
+}
+
+void ProvisioningManager::loop() {
+  // Sources register during their own setup() (at various priorities), and this
+  // loop() also runs while waiting on a slow component during setup. Evaluating the
+  // provisioning state before every source has registered could conclude
+  // "provisioned" prematurely and disable_loop() for good, defeating the window --
+  // so do nothing until all setup() calls are done.
+  if (!App.is_setup_complete())
+    return;
+
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK
+  // Latch the built-in connectivity source once the device has been reachable via
+  // any interface. network::is_connected() aggregates wifi/ethernet/modem/... (OR
+  // across interfaces), and a disabled interface never connects so it never
+  // contributes. Latched: a later link drop does not un-provision -- the RAM-only
+  // window still reopens only on reboot.
+  if ((this->provisioned_mask_ & (1UL << this->network_source_)) == 0 && network::is_connected())
+    this->set_source_provisioned(this->network_source_, true);
+#endif
+
+  // The window is resolved once the device is provisioned or the window has closed;
+  // there is nothing left to track, so stop running entirely. Config validation
+  // guarantees at least one source, so is_provisioned() is never vacuously true here.
+  if (this->closed_ || this->is_provisioned()) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+  // The window timer runs from boot (millis since boot). The closed state is not
+  // persisted, so a reboot reopens the window.
+  if (this->timeout_ != 0 && App.get_loop_component_start_time() > this->timeout_) {
+    this->close_window_();
+  }
+}
+
+void ProvisioningManager::close_window_() {
+  this->closed_ = true;
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Window expired; cycle power to reopen window");
+  // Notify internal consumers first (transports disconnect clients, Improv stops),
+  // then fire the user-facing automation.
+  this->closed_callback_.call();
+  this->timeout_trigger_.trigger();
+}
+
+void ProvisioningManager::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Provisioning:\n"
+                "  Timeout: %" PRIu32 "ms\n"
+                "  Provisioned: %s",
+                this->timeout_, YESNO(this->is_provisioned()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::provisioning
+#endif  // USE_PROVISIONING
diff --git a/esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h b/esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e21b8f3ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::provisioning {
+
+// Central provisioning-window manager (EN18031). A device that ships unprovisioned
+// (secure transports enabled with no credentials, configured by the controller on
+// first connection) opens a provisioning window at boot. Each transport that needs
+// provisioning registers as a "source" and reports its state; the device is
+// considered provisioned once every registered source is provisioned.
+//
+// Network connectivity is a built-in source: a device with a network interface but
+// no other provisioning-capable component (no api encryption, etc.) is still
+// considered provisioned once it has connected via any interface -- so an
+// Improv-only device reports its state correctly.
+//
+// If the window times out while still unprovisioned it closes: the closed state is
+// RAM-only (a power cycle / reset reopens it) and the `on_timeout` automation fires.
+// Components query window_pending()/closed() to suppress reboot timeouts and refuse
+// further provisioning. This manager owns no transport knowledge; transports
+// (api, and later mqtt/wireguard/...) drive it through the source API.
+class ProvisioningManager : public Component {
+ public:
+  // Maximum number of provisioning sources, limited by the width of the state masks.
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_SOURCES = 32;
+
+  ProvisioningManager();
+
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BEFORE_CONNECTION; }
+
+  void set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) { this->timeout_ = timeout; }
+
+  // Register a provisioning source. Returns a bit index the source uses to report
+  // its state via set_source_provisioned(). Call once, from the source's setup().
+  uint8_t register_source();
+  // Report whether the given source currently holds valid credentials.
+  void set_source_provisioned(uint8_t source, bool provisioned) {
+    if (source >= MAX_SOURCES)
+      return;
+    if (provisioned) {
+      this->provisioned_mask_ |= (1UL << source);
+    } else {
+      this->provisioned_mask_ &= ~(1UL << source);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // True once every registered source is provisioned. Config validation guarantees
+  // at least one source, and the built-in connectivity source registers in the
+  // constructor, so registered_mask_ is never zero in practice.
+  bool is_provisioned() const { return (this->provisioned_mask_ & this->registered_mask_) == this->registered_mask_; }
+  // True while provisioning is still pending: the device is unprovisioned, whether
+  // the window is still open or has already closed. Reboot timeouts are suppressed
+  // while this holds so the device never auto-reboots (and silently reopens the
+  // window) while unprovisioned.
+  bool window_pending() const { return !this->is_provisioned(); }
+  // True once the window has expired without the device being provisioned.
+  bool closed() const { return this->closed_; }
+
+  // Register a callback fired once when the window closes (runtime expiry). Used
+  // internally by transports/Improv to stop accepting provisioning. The user-facing
+  // on_timeout automation is wired to get_timeout_trigger() instead.
+  template<typename F> void add_on_closed_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->closed_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  Trigger<> *get_timeout_trigger() { return &this->timeout_trigger_; }
+
+ protected:
+  void close_window_();
+
+  Trigger<> timeout_trigger_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> closed_callback_;
+  uint32_t timeout_{0};
+  uint32_t registered_mask_{0};
+  uint32_t provisioned_mask_{0};
+  uint8_t source_count_{0};
+  bool closed_{false};
+#ifdef USE_NETWORK
+  // Built-in connectivity source (see loop()): registered in the constructor and
+  // latched provisioned once the device has connected via any network interface.
+  uint8_t network_source_{0};
+#endif
+};
+
+extern ProvisioningManager *global_provisioning_manager;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+}  // namespace esphome::provisioning
+#endif  // USE_PROVISIONING
diff --git a/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py b/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
index 84683e9a25..65c55efea5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def validate_task_stack_in_psram(value: Any) -> bool:
     return value
 
 
-def validate_psram_mode(config):
+def validate_psram_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     esp32_config = fv.full_config.get()[PLATFORM_ESP32]
     if config[CONF_SPEED] == "120MHZ":
         if esp32_config[CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY] != "240MHZ":
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _store_psram_guaranteed(config):
+def _store_psram_guaranteed(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Store PSRAM guaranteed status in CORE.data for other components.
 
     PSRAM is "guaranteed" when it will fail if not found, ensuring safe use
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def _store_psram_guaranteed(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(validate_psram_mode, _store_psram_guaranteed)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_DISABLED]:
         return
     if CORE.using_arduino:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
index 3326745846..7c5a0590d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PULSES,
     UNIT_PULSES_PER_MINUTE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_USE_PCNT = "use_pcnt"
 
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ SetTotalPulsesAction = pulse_counter_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_internal_filter(value):
+def validate_internal_filter(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     use_pcnt = value.get(CONF_USE_PCNT)
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and use_pcnt:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@ def validate_internal_filter(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_pulse_counter_pin(value):
+def validate_pulse_counter_pin(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and value[CONF_NUMBER] >= 16:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ def validate_pulse_counter_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_count_mode(value):
+def validate_count_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     rising_edge = value[CONF_RISING_EDGE]
     falling_edge = value[CONF_FALLING_EDGE]
     if rising_edge == "DISABLE" and falling_edge == "DISABLE":
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     use_pcnt = config.get(CONF_USE_PCNT)
     if CORE.is_esp32 and use_pcnt:
         include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_pcnt")
@@ -157,7 +161,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_total_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_total_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
index ab3dd2a249..9bda891efc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
@@ -17,7 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PULSES,
     UNIT_PULSES_PER_MINUTE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, TimePeriodMicroseconds
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@stevebaxter", "@cstaahl", "@TrentHouliston"]
 
@@ -37,18 +41,18 @@ FILTER_MODES = {
 SetTotalPulsesAction = pulse_meter_ns.class_("SetTotalPulsesAction", automation.Action)
 
 
-def validate_internal_filter(value):
+def validate_internal_filter(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMicroseconds:
     return cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value)
 
 
-def validate_timeout(value):
+def validate_timeout(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMicroseconds:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value)
     if value.total_minutes > 70:
         raise cv.Invalid("Maximum timeout is 70 minutes")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_pulse_meter_pin(value):
+def validate_pulse_meter_pin(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     value = pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema(value)
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and value[CONF_NUMBER] >= 16:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -107,7 +111,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def set_total_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def set_total_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py
index 120dc33b7b..dd7554c4eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_width/sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PIN, ICON_TIMER, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, UNIT_SECOND
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 pulse_width_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pulse_width")
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py
index 0cf27b9f1c..436f83630c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
     CONF_VALIDITY_PERIOD,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp
index 7a6be40d6c..64b8974901 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-#include "pvvx_display.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "pvvx_display.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "display.pvvx_mithermometer";
 
 void PVVXDisplay::dump_config() {
-  char service_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-  char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
+  char service_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+  char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "PVVX MiThermometer display:\n"
                 "  MAC address           : %s\n"
@@ -188,4 +189,4 @@ void PVVXDisplay::sync_time_() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
 
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h
index d231111c58..c3f6028423 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 #ifdef USE_TIME
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
@@ -121,14 +124,13 @@ class PVVXDisplay final : public ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingCompon
   uint16_t char_handle_ = 0;
   bool connection_established_ = false;
 
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_ =
-      esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f10-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
-  esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_ =
-      esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f1f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_ =
+      ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f10-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f1f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
 
   pvvx_writer_t writer_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
 
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
index f674fc3694..9141d12b16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "pvvx_mithermometer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "pvvx_mithermometer";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void PVVXMiThermometer::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Voltage", this->battery_voltage_);
 }
 
-bool PVVXMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool PVVXMiThermometer::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ bool PVVXMiThermometer::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<ParseResult> PVVXMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<ParseResult> PVVXMiThermometer::parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   ParseResult result;
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0x1A, 0x18)) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): no service data UUID magic bytes.");
@@ -140,5 +138,3 @@ bool PVVXMiThermometer::report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, con
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
index 382e41d210..7a2244207b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer {
 
 struct ParseResult {
@@ -18,11 +16,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
   int raw_offset;
 };
 
-class PVVXMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class PVVXMiThermometer final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -40,11 +38,9 @@ class PVVXMiThermometer final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPB
 
   uint8_t last_frame_count_{0};
 
-  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const char *address);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pvvx_mithermometer
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py
index da57c65341..ad13bdcca7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,17 +21,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@pasiz"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 pvvx_mithermometer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pvvx_mithermometer")
 PVVXMiThermometer = pvvx_mithermometer_ns.class_(
-    "PVVXMiThermometer", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "PVVXMiThermometer", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("pvvx_mithermometer"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(PVVXMiThermometer),
@@ -71,15 +73,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py
index 82b98654a2..4ab606d9f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py
index 450f663274..40391206fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BATTERY, CONF_PYLONTECH_ID, PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pylontech_ns
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend({cv.Optional(marker): schema for marker, schema in TYPES.items()})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PYLONTECH_ID])
     bat = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_BATTERY])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py
index f68ca10374..511eb7d542 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_BATTERY, CONF_PYLONTECH_ID, PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pylontech_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PYLONTECH_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend({cv.Optional(marker): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema() for marker in MARKERS})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PYLONTECH_ID])
     bat = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_BATTERY])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py
index 7e55fd9e7e..bf5e31b48a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzem004t/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp
index d36e5d0250..d817888922 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.cpp
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ namespace esphome::pzemac {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "pzemac";
 
-static const uint8_t PZEM_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS = 0x04;
 static const uint8_t PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY = 0x42;
 static const uint8_t PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT = 10;  // 10x 16-bit registers
 
-void PZEMAC::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void PZEMAC::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   if (data.size() < 20) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for PZEM AC!");
     return;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void PZEMAC::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->power_factor_sensor_->publish_state(power_factor);
 }
 
-void PZEMAC::update() { this->send(PZEM_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS, 0, PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT); }
+void PZEMAC::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT); }
 void PZEMAC::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "PZEMAC:\n"
@@ -76,10 +76,8 @@ void PZEMAC::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void PZEMAC::reset_energy_() {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> cmd;
-  cmd.push_back(this->address_);
-  cmd.push_back(PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY);
-  this->send_raw(cmd);
+  const uint8_t pdu[] = {PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY};
+  this->queue_pdu(pdu);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pzemac
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h
index a3ad7e1167..171212d3ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::pzemac {
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class PZEMAC final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
index 4e228f6aa3..f093262e18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus"]
@@ -93,19 +95,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def reset_energy_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemac", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemac", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp
index 6ded9b3a34..926ad83f09 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.cpp
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ namespace esphome::pzemdc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "pzemdc";
 
-static const uint8_t PZEM_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS = 0x04;
 static const uint8_t PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY = 0x42;
 static const uint8_t PZEM_REGISTER_COUNT = 10;  // 10x 16-bit registers
 
-void PZEMDC::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void PZEMDC::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   if (data.size() < 16) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for PZEM DC!");
     return;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void PZEMDC::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->energy_sensor_->publish_state(energy);
 }
 
-void PZEMDC::update() { this->send(PZEM_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS, 0, 8); }
+void PZEMDC::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, 8); }
 void PZEMDC::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "PZEMDC:\n"
@@ -64,10 +64,8 @@ void PZEMDC::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void PZEMDC::reset_energy() {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> cmd;
-  cmd.push_back(this->address_);
-  cmd.push_back(PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY);
-  this->send_raw(cmd);
+  const uint8_t pdu[] = {PZEM_CMD_RESET_ENERGY};
+  this->queue_pdu(pdu);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::pzemdc
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h
index 7d14a5ed4b..b7657608e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::pzemdc {
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class PZEMDC final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevice
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
index 40cfe7b08a..b9f7246b72 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["modbus"]
@@ -75,19 +77,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def reset_energy_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemdc", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("pzemdc", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py
index fe34381ad8..e0186be163 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/sensor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MICROTESLA,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ QMC5883LOversamplings = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds < 15
         and CONF_DRDY_PIN not in config
@@ -72,14 +75,16 @@ def validate_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_enum(enum_values, units=None, int=True):
+def validate_enum(
+    enum_values: dict[Any, Any], units: str | list[str] | None = None, int: bool = True
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     _units = []
     if units is not None:
         _units = units if isinstance(units, list) else [units]
         _units = [str(x) for x in _units]
     enum_bound = cv.enum(enum_values, int=int)
 
-    def validate_enum_bound(value):
+    def validate_enum_bound(value: Any) -> Any:
         value = cv.string(value)
         for unit in _units:
             if value.endswith(unit):
@@ -137,7 +142,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py b/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py
index 26169189c2..2fd12dc921 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmi8658/motion.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.const import (
 )
 from esphome.components.motion import motion_schema, new_motion_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import QMI8658Component, qmi8658_ns
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 #  Code generation
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_motion_component(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py b/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py
index 80b0512361..96f97805c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmi8658/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_QMI8658_ID, QMI8658Component
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_QMI8658_ID])
     data = MockObj("data")
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py b/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py
index 05eb7efa27..abc39176c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qmp6988/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py b/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py
index 6ff92b8a7f..8b773dcdf5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qr_code/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VALUE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_SCALE = "scale"
 CONF_ECC = "ecc"
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     cg.add_library("wjtje/qr-code-generator-library", "^1.7.0")
 
     for entry in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
index 48cd72ecdf..dce1a95687 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DRAW_FROM_ORIGIN
 from .models import DriverChip
@@ -49,14 +51,14 @@ DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 DELAY_FLAG = 0xFF
 
 
-def validate_dimension(value):
+def validate_dimension(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.positive_int(value)
     if value % 2 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Width/height/offset must be divisible by 2")
     return value
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     """
     The format is a repeated sequence of [CMD, <data>] where <data> is s a sequence of bytes. The length is inferred
     from the length of the sequence and should not be explicit.
@@ -74,14 +76,14 @@ def map_sequence(value):
     return [value[0], len(params)] + list(params)
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     chip = DriverChip.chips[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     if not chip.initsequence and CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{chip.name} model requires init_sequence")
     return config
 
 
-def power_of_two(value):
+def power_of_two(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.int_range(1, 128)(value)
     if value & (value - 1) != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("value must be a power of two")
@@ -122,11 +124,11 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def model_property(name, defaults, fallback):
+def model_property(name: str, defaults: dict[str, Any], fallback: Any) -> cv.Optional:
     return cv.Optional(name, default=defaults.get(name, fallback))
 
 
-def model_schema(defaults):
+def model_schema(defaults: dict[str, Any]) -> cv.Schema:
     transform = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MIRROR_X, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'qspi_dbi' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
index 8ce592e0cf..7611279509 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # Commands
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING
 from esphome.const import CONF_INVERT_COLORS, CONF_SWAP_XY
 
@@ -26,16 +28,16 @@ PAGESEL = 0xFE
 
 
 class DriverChip:
-    chips = {}
+    chips: dict[str, "DriverChip"] = {}
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, defaults=None):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, defaults: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
         name = name.upper()
         self.name = name
         self.chips[name] = self
         self.initsequence = []
         self.defaults = defaults or {}
 
-    def cmd(self, c, *args):
+    def cmd(self, c: int, *args: int) -> None:
         """
         Add a command sequence to the init sequence
         :param c: The command (8 bit)
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ class DriverChip:
         """
         self.initsequence.extend([c, len(args)] + list(args))
 
-    def delay(self, ms):
+    def delay(self, ms: int) -> None:
         self.initsequence.extend([ms, 0xFF])
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py
index cd3eda5ac8..71aabda349 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qwiic_pir/binary_sensor.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DEBOUNCE, DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ QwiicPIRComponent = qwiic_pir_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_no_debounce_unless_native(config):
+def validate_no_debounce_unless_native(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_DEBOUNCE in config and config[CONF_DEBOUNCE_MODE] != "NATIVE":
         raise cv.Invalid("debounce can only be set if debounce_mode is NATIVE")
     return config
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py
index 9fdafe428a..f303a14297 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/__init__.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_CONTROL
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import queue_entity_register, setup_entity
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["remote_base"]
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ def radio_frequency_schema(class_: type[cg.MockObjClass]) -> cv.Schema:
 
 
 @setup_entity("radio_frequency")
-async def setup_radio_frequency_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def setup_radio_frequency_core_(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up core radio frequency configuration."""
 
 
-async def register_radio_frequency(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def register_radio_frequency(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register a radio frequency device with the core."""
     cg.add_define("USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY")
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ async def register_radio_frequency(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> Non
         )
 
 
-async def new_radio_frequency(config: ConfigType, *args) -> cg.Pvariable:
+async def new_radio_frequency(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Create a new RadioFrequency instance.
 
     :param config: Configuration dictionary.
diff --git a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp
index 3e0a905737..61e7feb9af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.cpp
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@ void RadioFrequency::dump_config() {
   }
 }
 
-RadioFrequencyCall RadioFrequency::make_call() { return RadioFrequencyCall(this); }
-
 uint32_t RadioFrequency::get_capability_flags() const {
   uint32_t flags = 0;
   if (this->traits_.get_supports_transmitter())
diff --git a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h
index 7dfd2dd77e..8782c255f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h
+++ b/esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class RadioFrequency : public Component, public EntityBase, public remote_base::
   const RadioFrequencyTraits &get_traits() const { return this->traits_; }
 
   /// Create a call object for transmitting
-  RadioFrequencyCall make_call();
+  RadioFrequencyCall make_call() { return RadioFrequencyCall(this); }
 
   /// Get capability flags for this radio frequency instance
   uint32_t get_capability_flags() const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py
index 99daef30e5..0ca9f64326 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jeffeb3"]
 
 radon_eye_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("radon_eye_ble")
 RadonEyeListener = radon_eye_ble_ns.class_(
-    "RadonEyeListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "RadonEyeListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RadonEyeListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("radon_eye_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RadonEyeListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp
index 7e7263d73f..9ff279cab9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "radon_eye_ble";
 
-bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Radon Eye devices have names starting with "FR:"
   if (device.get_name().starts_with("FR:")) {
     char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -19,5 +17,3 @@ bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h
index 30e3ccc1ea..f9c8aa377d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.h
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble {
 
-class RadonEyeListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class RadonEyeListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::radon_eye_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py b/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py
index da04328218..f38a035226 100644
--- a/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_BECQUEREL_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py
index ce0d408c04..e9e8dd7b73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ RC522_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_rc522(var, config):
+async def setup_rc522(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py
index 87f81c2223..f295b75df7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
 from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_RC522_ID, RC522, rc522_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rc522"]
 
 
-def validate_uid(value):
+def validate_uid(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
     for x in value.split("-"):
         if len(x) != 2:
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(RC522BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RC522_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py
index 7c42a12429..c3fd368bbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, rc522
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -16,11 +17,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RC522I2C),
         }
-    ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x2C))
+    ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x28))
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await rc522.setup_rc522(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py
index 9ce94d7f31..f2820bbaee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import rc522, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await rc522.setup_rc522(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py
index 8139f6d2ac..6245d5a487 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522_spi/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import esphome.components.rc522.binary_sensor as rc522_binary_sensor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rc522"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = rc522_binary_sensor.CONFIG_SCHEMA
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await rc522_binary_sensor.to_code(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py
index 52e9a2c09a..4fff41e4f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jasstrong"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py
index afb7527aa1..2c040d0560 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_RD03D_ID, RD03DComponent
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RD03D_ID])
 
     if target_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET):
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py
index 4b4fcfd4e4..d29656bab0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_TARGET_COUNT
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ANGLE,
@@ -14,13 +15,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_RD03D_ID, RD03DComponent
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["rd03d"]
 
-CONF_TARGET_COUNT = "target_count"
-
 MAX_TARGETS = 3
 
 UNIT_MILLIMETER_PER_SECOND = "mm/s"
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend({cv.Optional(f"target_{i + 1}"): TARGET_SCHEMA for i in range(MAX_TARGETS)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RD03D_ID])
 
     if target_count_config := config.get(CONF_TARGET_COUNT):
diff --git a/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py
index a65213d576..d3803bd3f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rdm6300/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_TAG, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py
index 7eb20b1302..e62b1a3623 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rdm6300/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, rdm6300
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_UID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import rdm6300_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(RDM6300BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RDM6300_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py
index cbf82e6f44..19b8549f75 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py
@@ -2012,7 +2012,14 @@ HaierData, HaierBinarySensor, HaierTrigger, HaierAction, HaierDumper = declare_p
 HaierAction = ns.class_("HaierAction", RemoteTransmitterActionBase)
 HAIER_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Required(CONF_CODE): cv.All([cv.hex_uint8_t], cv.Length(min=13, max=13)),
+        cv.Required(CONF_CODE): cv.All(
+            [cv.hex_uint8_t],
+            cv.Any(
+                cv.Length(min=8, max=8),
+                cv.Length(min=13, max=13),
+                msg="must be a list of length 8 or 13",
+            ),
+        ),
     }
 )
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/haier_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/haier_protocol.cpp
index fa4cec773f..8801f1049a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/haier_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/haier_protocol.cpp
@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4400;
 constexpr uint32_t BIT_MARK_US = 540;
 constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_SPACE_US = 1650;
 constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_SPACE_US = 580;
-constexpr unsigned int HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE = 112;
+// 8 bytes + checksum
+constexpr unsigned int HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_SHORT = 72;
+// 13 bytes + checksum
+constexpr unsigned int HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_LONG = 112;
 // Max data bytes in packet (excluding checksum)
-constexpr size_t HAIER_MAX_DATA_BYTES = (HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE / 8);
+constexpr size_t HAIER_MAX_DATA_BYTES = HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_LONG / 8 - 1;
 
 void HaierProtocol::encode_byte_(RemoteTransmitData *dst, uint8_t item) {
   for (uint8_t mask = 1 << 7; mask != 0; mask >>= 1) {
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ void HaierProtocol::encode_byte_(RemoteTransmitData *dst, uint8_t item) {
 
 void HaierProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const HaierData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
-  dst->reserve(5 + ((data.data.size() + 1) * 2));
+  dst->reserve(5 + ((data.data.size() + 1) * 16));
   dst->mark(HEADER_LOW_US);
   dst->space(HEADER_LOW_US);
   dst->mark(HEADER_LOW_US);
@@ -50,11 +53,16 @@ optional<HaierData> HaierProtocol::decode(RemoteReceiveData src) {
     return {};
   }
   size_t size = src.size() - src.get_index() - 1;
-  if (size < HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE * 2)
+  if (size >= HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_LONG * 2) {
+    size = HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_LONG * 2;
+  } else if (size >= HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_SHORT * 2) {
+    size = HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE_SHORT * 2;
+  } else {
     return {};
-  size = HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE * 2;
+  }
   uint8_t checksum = 0;
   HaierData out;
+  out.data.reserve(size / 16 - 1);
   while (size > 0) {
     uint8_t data = 0;
     for (uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask != 0; mask >>= 1) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
index 53a0f8fb77..6e8c73d331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, remote_base
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_FILTER_SYMBOLS = "filter_symbols"
 CONF_RECEIVE_SYMBOLS = "receive_symbols"
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ RemoteReceiverComponent = remote_receiver_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
         if variant in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ def validate_config(config):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_tolerance(value):
+def validate_tolerance(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return TOLERANCE_SCHEMA(value)
 
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
                 bk72xx="1000b",
                 ln882x="1000b",
                 rtl87xx="1000b",
-                rp2040="1000b",
+                rp2="1000b",
             ): cv.validate_bytes,
             cv.Optional(CONF_FILTER, default="50us"): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
@@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     if CORE.is_esp32 and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
         },
     }
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py
index fe3e2af950..d4009f396b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, remote_base
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import FILTER_SOURCE_FILES  # noqa: F401  pylint: disable=unused-import
 
@@ -7,6 +8,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["remote_receiver"]
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_binary_sensor
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await remote_base.build_binary_sensor(config)
     await binary_sensor.register_binary_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
index 222dae8f7f..36152d8854 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 
 namespace esphome::remote_receiver {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
index 2ed6a4c251..f9ec054fe3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::remote_receiver {
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 struct RemoteReceiverComponentStore {
   static void gpio_intr(RemoteReceiverComponentStore *arg);
 
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ class RemoteReceiverComponent final : public remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase,
   std::string error_string_;
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ESP32)
   RemoteReceiverComponentStore store_;
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
   HighFrequencyLoopRequester high_freq_;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
index 596608a4d0..632ca9763a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::remote_receiver {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "remote_receiver.esp32";
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_receiver";
 
 static bool IRAM_ATTR HOT rmt_callback(rmt_channel_handle_t channel, const rmt_rx_done_event_data_t *event, void *arg) {
   RemoteReceiverComponentStore *store = (RemoteReceiverComponentStore *) arg;
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
index 1163fc86eb..cb2aebec91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, remote_base
+from esphome.components.libretiny import get_libretiny_family
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
+    FAMILY_BK7238,
+    FAMILY_RTL8720C,
+)
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -18,7 +24,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -41,6 +49,21 @@ DigitalWriteAction = remote_transmitter_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
+_NON_BLOCKING_LIBRETINY_FAMILIES = (FAMILY_RTL8720C, FAMILY_BK7231N, FAMILY_BK7238)
+
+
+def _validate_non_blocking_platform(value: bool) -> bool:
+    # non_blocking requires hardware transmission: RMT on ESP32, a hardware timer
+    # envelope chain on the listed LibreTiny families. Reject elsewhere at config time.
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        return cv.boolean(value)
+    if CORE.is_libretiny and get_libretiny_family() in _NON_BLOCKING_LIBRETINY_FAMILIES:
+        return cv.boolean(value)
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        "non_blocking is only supported on ESP32, RTL8720C, BK7231N and BK7238"
+    )
+
+
 MULTI_CONF = True
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
@@ -74,7 +97,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 esp32_s2=64,
                 esp32_s3=48,
             ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.int_range(min=2)),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NON_BLOCKING): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NON_BLOCKING): _validate_non_blocking_platform,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TRANSMIT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_COMPLETE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
         }
@@ -94,7 +117,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _validate_non_blocking(config):
+def _validate_non_blocking(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if (
         CORE.is_esp32
         and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT
@@ -125,7 +148,12 @@ DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def digital_write_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def digital_write_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TRANSMITTER_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.bool_)
@@ -133,7 +161,7 @@ async def digital_write_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     if CORE.is_esp32 and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
@@ -157,6 +185,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
     else:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], pin)
+        if (non_blocking := config.get(CONF_NON_BLOCKING)) is not None:
+            cg.add(var.set_non_blocking(non_blocking))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_carrier_duty_percent(config[CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT]))
@@ -178,14 +208,23 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
+        "remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
+        },
+        "remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+        },
+        "remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+        },
         "remote_transmitter.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
         },
     }
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
index 51a3c0b1d4..5e82213a48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if (defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && !defined(USE_RTL87XX) && !defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)) || \
+    defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 
 namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
@@ -81,25 +82,37 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending remote code");
   uint32_t on_time, off_time;
   this->calculate_on_off_time_(this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency(), &on_time, &off_time);
-  this->target_time_ = 0;
   this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < send_times; i++) {
-    InterruptLock lock;
-    for (int32_t item : this->temp_.get_data()) {
-      if (item > 0) {
-        const auto length = uint32_t(item);
-        this->mark_(on_time, off_time, length);
-      } else {
-        const auto length = uint32_t(-item);
-        this->space_(length);
+    {
+      InterruptLock lock;
+      // Re-anchor every iteration: timing must never span a lock boundary, as micros() can
+      // jump when interrupts are re-enabled between repeats (e.g. LibreTiny's Beken micros()
+      // discards its interrupt-lock correction, stretching the repeat gap by the lock duration)
+      this->target_time_ = 0;
+      for (int32_t item : this->temp_.get_data()) {
+        if (item > 0) {
+          const auto length = uint32_t(item);
+          this->mark_(on_time, off_time, length);
+        } else {
+          const auto length = uint32_t(-item);
+          this->space_(length);
+        }
+        App.feed_wdt();
       }
-      App.feed_wdt();
+      this->await_target_time_();  // wait for duration of last pulse
+      this->pin_->digital_write(false);
     }
-    this->await_target_time_();  // wait for duration of last pulse
-    this->pin_->digital_write(false);
 
-    if (i + 1 < send_times)
-      this->target_time_ += send_wait;
+    if (i + 1 < send_times) {
+      // Wait out the repeat gap with interrupts enabled: wait_time is unbounded user config
+      // (previously this spin ran inside the next iteration's lock, disabling interrupts for
+      // the whole gap). Anchoring after the lock release keeps it exact on all platforms.
+      const uint32_t gap_end = micros() + send_wait;
+      while ((int32_t) (gap_end - micros()) > 0) {
+        App.feed_wdt();
+      }
+    }
   }
   this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
index bcb07038ea..313b26364d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@
 #endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
+// The BK7231N-style PWM block (hardware shadow-load duty updates) enables the ISR-driven
+// transmitter on these families; family-level proxy for the SDK's CFG_SOC_NAME gate.
+// See remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp.
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7231N) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7238)
+#define REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
@@ -56,23 +63,80 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent final : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBa
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
   void set_with_dma(bool with_dma) { this->with_dma_ = with_dma; }
   void set_eot_level(bool eot_level) { this->eot_level_ = eot_level; }
+#endif
+#if (defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || \
+    defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
   void set_non_blocking(bool non_blocking) { this->non_blocking_ = non_blocking; }
 #endif
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
+  void loop() override;
+  // called from the envelope timer ISR trampoline; not part of the public API
+  void advance_envelope_isr();
+  // same, for trampolines whose SDK callback carries no user argument
+  static void advance_active_isr();
+#endif
 
   Trigger<> *get_transmit_trigger() { return &this->transmit_trigger_; }
   Trigger<> *get_complete_trigger() { return &this->complete_trigger_; }
 
  protected:
   void send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) override;
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || \
+    (defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) && !defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)) || \
+    defined(USE_RP2) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
+  void await_target_time_();
+  uint32_t target_time_{0};
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || \
+    (defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && !defined(USE_RTL87XX) && !defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)) || defined(USE_RP2) || \
+    (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
   void calculate_on_off_time_(uint32_t carrier_frequency, uint32_t *on_time_period, uint32_t *off_time_period);
 
   void mark_(uint32_t on_time, uint32_t off_time, uint32_t usec);
 
   void space_(uint32_t usec);
-
-  void await_target_time_();
-  uint32_t target_time_;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RTL87XX
+  // Carrier frequency the PWM is currently configured for; 0 = not yet configured
+  uint32_t current_carrier_frequency_{0};
+  void *pwm_{nullptr};  // pwmout_t*, opaque here to keep the SDK header out of this shared header
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
+  // Envelope chain, shared by every family that paces transmission from a hardware timer
+  // (remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp)
+  void start_isr_item_(size_t index);
+  void arm_envelope_timer_(uint32_t duration_us);
+  void abort_stalled_chain_();
+  void deliver_completion_();
+  void wait_until_idle_();
+  void arm_chain_(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait);
+  // Hooks implemented per family: everything the chain needs from the hardware
+  bool envelope_ready_() const;                       // PWM claimed successfully in setup()
+  void prepare_carrier_(uint32_t carrier_frequency);  // retune period, stage mark/space levels
+  void write_envelope_level_(bool mark);              // drive carrier (mark) or idle (space)
+  void arm_one_shot_(uint32_t duration_us);           // fire advance_envelope_isr after duration_us
+  void stop_envelope_timer_();
+  std::vector<int32_t> isr_data_;  // owned copy of the frame; temp_ may be re-encoded mid-flight
+  volatile size_t isr_index_{0};
+  volatile uint32_t isr_repeats_left_{0};
+  uint32_t isr_send_wait_{0};
+  volatile uint32_t isr_wait_remaining_{0};  // remainder of a duration chained across one-shots
+  volatile bool isr_in_gap_{false};
+  volatile bool transmitting_{false};
+  bool non_blocking_{false};
+  bool complete_pending_{false};
+  bool stall_aborted_{false};  // this transmission ended via abort; blocks warning clear
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  float isr_mark_duty_{0.0f};
+  float isr_space_duty_{0.0f};
+#endif
+#ifdef REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+  void write_pwm_t1_(uint32_t t1_counts);
+  uint32_t isr_mark_t1_{0};
+  uint32_t isr_space_t1_{0};
+  uint32_t isr_period_t4_{684};  // 26MHz counts; ~38kHz default until a send sets the real carrier
+  int8_t pwm_channel_{-1};
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0081ae47b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_bk72xx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// clang-tidy cannot parse the Beken SDK headers pulled in via ArduinoPrivate.h
+#if defined(USE_BK72XX) && !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
+
+// ArduinoPrivate.h = Arduino.h + the BDK SDK headers (pwm_pub.h, bk_timer_pub.h, icu_pub.h)
+// with the core's fixes for type-name collisions between the two
+#include <ArduinoPrivate.h>
+
+// Only the BK7231N-style PWM block (shadow registers with a hardware CFG_UPDATA load bit)
+// supports glitch-free per-edge duty updates; older SoCs compile the generic bit-bang
+// implementation (remote_transmitter.cpp) instead, and this file compiles to nothing.
+// REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM is set per-family in remote_transmitter.h.
+
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
+
+#ifdef REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+
+// PWM peripheral carrier (26MHz block), envelope paced by a BKTIMER1 interrupt chain: each
+// interrupt writes the next duty through the shadow registers (T1..T4 + CFG_UPDATA hardware
+// load, glitch-free at the next carrier period). Direct register writes beat the driver's
+// pwm_update_param() (~19us vs ~26us edge error) and have no shared state to race against.
+// BKTIMER1 is the only free channel: TIMER0 = FreeRTOS tick, TIMER2 = SDK cal, TIMER4 = wdt.
+
+static constexpr uint32_t REG_PWM_BASE = 0x00802B00UL;
+static constexpr uint32_t REG_PWM_GROUP_STRIDE = 0x40;       // one register group per channel pair
+static constexpr uint32_t REG_PWM_T_REGS[2] = {0x04, 0x14};  // T1..T4 offsets within a group
+static constexpr uint32_t PWM_INT_STATUS_MASK = 3UL << 30;   // write-1-clear -- always write as zero
+static constexpr uint8_t ENVELOPE_TIMER = BKTIMER1;
+
+// The bk_timer handler receives only the channel number, so the chain resolves the instance
+// that owns the timer. No IRAM_ATTR: hal.h makes it a no-op on BK72xx (the SDK masks IRQs
+// around flash writes).
+static void envelope_timer_isr(UINT8 channel) { RemoteTransmitterComponent::advance_active_isr(); }
+
+// Channel <-> pin comes from the board variant's own PIN_PWMn defines rather than a
+// family-wide assumption, so an unusual pinout maps correctly instead of silently
+// driving another pad
+struct PwmPinChannel {
+  uint8_t pin;
+  int8_t channel;
+};
+static constexpr PwmPinChannel PWM_PIN_CHANNELS[] = {
+#ifdef PIN_PWM0
+    {PIN_PWM0, 0},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM1
+    {PIN_PWM1, 1},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM2
+    {PIN_PWM2, 2},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM3
+    {PIN_PWM3, 3},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM4
+    {PIN_PWM4, 4},
+#endif
+#ifdef PIN_PWM5
+    {PIN_PWM5, 5},
+#endif
+};
+
+static int8_t pwm_channel_for_pin(uint8_t pin) {
+  for (const auto &entry : PWM_PIN_CHANNELS) {
+    if (entry.pin == pin)
+      return entry.channel;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::setup() {
+  // Deliberately no pin_->setup(): the pin must belong to the PWM function, not GPIO
+  const int8_t channel = pwm_channel_for_pin(this->pin_->get_pin());
+  if (channel < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pin %u is not PWM-capable", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->pwm_channel_ = channel;
+  const uint32_t idle_t1 = this->pin_->is_inverted() ? this->isr_period_t4_ : 0;
+  pwm_param_st param{};
+  param.chan = channel;
+  param.t1 = idle_t1;
+  param.t4 = this->isr_period_t4_;
+  param.init_level = idle_t1 ? 1 : 0;
+  if (pwm_init_param(&param) != 0 || pwm_start(channel) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PWM init failed on pin %u", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    this->pwm_channel_ = -1;
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->disable_loop();  // loop() is only needed while a non-blocking completion is pending
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Remote Transmitter:\n"
+                "  Carrier Duty: %u%%\n"
+                "  Non-blocking: %s",
+                this->carrier_duty_percent_, YESNO(this->non_blocking_));
+  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+}
+
+// Writes the duty compare registers and sets the hardware CFG_UPDATA shadow-load bit;
+// the new duty latches glitch-free at the next carrier period. ISR-safe: registers only.
+// The group control word is shared with the paired channel, but every SDK write to it runs
+// under GLOBAL_INT_DISABLE (bk_pwm), so it cannot be torn by this interrupt.
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::write_pwm_t1_(uint32_t t1_counts) {
+  const uint32_t group = this->pwm_channel_ / 2;
+  const uint32_t post = this->pwm_channel_ % 2;
+  const uint32_t group_base = REG_PWM_BASE + REG_PWM_GROUP_STRIDE * group;
+  auto *t_regs = (volatile uint32_t *) (group_base + REG_PWM_T_REGS[post]);
+  auto *ctrl = (volatile uint32_t *) group_base;
+  const uint32_t init_level_bit = 1UL << (8 * post + 6);  // output level while the counter is stopped
+  const uint32_t cfg_updata_bit = 1UL << (8 * post + 7);  // 0->1 latches T1..T4 at the next period
+  t_regs[0] = t1_counts;                                  // T1: high time
+  t_regs[1] = 0;                                          // T2
+  t_regs[2] = 0;                                          // T3
+  t_regs[3] = this->isr_period_t4_;                       // T4: period
+  uint32_t cfg = *ctrl;
+  cfg &= ~(PWM_INT_STATUS_MASK | init_level_bit | cfg_updata_bit);
+  if (t1_counts != 0)
+    cfg |= init_level_bit;
+  *ctrl = cfg;
+  *ctrl = cfg | cfg_updata_bit;
+}
+
+// --- envelope chain hooks (see remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp) ---
+
+bool RemoteTransmitterComponent::envelope_ready_() const { return this->pwm_channel_ >= 0; }
+
+// Recomputes the carrier period in 26MHz counts and stages the per-item duties;
+// unmodulated protocols drive the pin constantly during marks
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::prepare_carrier_(uint32_t carrier_frequency) {
+  if (carrier_frequency > 0) {
+    this->isr_period_t4_ = std::max(uint32_t(2), (26000000UL + carrier_frequency / 2) / carrier_frequency);
+  }
+  uint32_t mark_t1 = (carrier_frequency > 0 && this->carrier_duty_percent_ < 100)
+                         ? std::max(uint32_t(1), this->isr_period_t4_ * this->carrier_duty_percent_ / 100)
+                         : this->isr_period_t4_;
+  uint32_t space_t1 = 0;
+  if (this->pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    mark_t1 = this->isr_period_t4_ - mark_t1;
+    space_t1 = this->isr_period_t4_;
+  }
+  this->isr_mark_t1_ = mark_t1;
+  this->isr_space_t1_ = space_t1;
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::write_envelope_level_(bool mark) {
+  this->write_pwm_t1_(mark ? this->isr_mark_t1_ : this->isr_space_t1_);
+}
+
+// The driver's microsecond init path is register writes under a nested interrupt guard,
+// so it is safe to call from the chain's own interrupt
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_one_shot_(uint32_t duration_us) {
+  timer_param_t param{};
+  param.channel = ENVELOPE_TIMER;
+  param.div = 1;
+  param.period = duration_us;
+  param.t_Int_Handler = envelope_timer_isr;
+  sddev_control((char *) TIMER_DEV_NAME, CMD_TIMER_INIT_PARAM_US, &param);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::stop_envelope_timer_() {
+  UINT32 channel = ENVELOPE_TIMER;
+  sddev_control((char *) TIMER_DEV_NAME, CMD_TIMER_UNIT_DISABLE, &channel);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::digital_write(bool value) {
+  if (this->pwm_channel_ < 0)
+    return;
+  // serialize behind an in-flight chain, matching the ESP32/RMT non-blocking behavior
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+  this->write_pwm_t1_((value != this->pin_->is_inverted()) ? this->isr_period_t4_ : 0);
+}
+
+#endif  // REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
+
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
+
+#endif  // USE_BK72XX && !CLANG_TIDY
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..003cdfa986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#include "remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// Envelope chain shared by the LibreTiny families that pace transmission from a hardware
+// timer interrupt: RTL8720C (gtimer) and the BK7231N-style PWM block (BKTIMER1). Everything
+// platform-specific sits behind five hooks implemented in the per-family files -- carrier
+// setup, duty writes, one-shot arming and timer stop. Families without a usable timer keep
+// the generic bit-bang implementation and compile none of this.
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C) || defined(REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM)
+
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
+
+// Margin past a transmission's expected duration before the chain is declared stalled
+static constexpr uint32_t STALL_MARGIN_MS = 1000;
+// Longest single one-shot armed; longer durations are chained. Both families need the cap:
+// the Beken driver computes period_us * 26 in 32 bits (overflows past ~165s) and the Realtek
+// us->tick conversion lives in mask ROM with unverified headroom.
+static constexpr uint32_t MAX_ONE_SHOT_US = 50000;
+
+// One hardware timer is shared by all instances (MULTI_CONF), so they serialize on this
+// token; the deadline always describes whichever chain currently owns it.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static RemoteTransmitterComponent *volatile s_active_transmitter = nullptr;
+static uint32_t s_expected_end_ms = 0;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+// Entry point for trampolines whose SDK callback carries no user argument
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::advance_active_isr() {
+  auto *transmitter = s_active_transmitter;
+  if (transmitter != nullptr)
+    transmitter->advance_envelope_isr();
+}
+
+// Arms the envelope timer, chaining durations longer than MAX_ONE_SHOT_US. ISR-safe.
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_envelope_timer_(uint32_t duration_us) {
+  // clamp to 1us (a zero-length one-shot never fires); the remainder must not underflow
+  const uint32_t chunk = std::max(uint32_t(1), std::min(duration_us, MAX_ONE_SHOT_US));
+  this->isr_wait_remaining_ = duration_us > chunk ? duration_us - chunk : 0;
+  this->arm_one_shot_(chunk);
+}
+
+// Writes the level for one envelope item and arms the timer for its duration.
+// Runs in ISR context (and once from arm_chain_ to kick the chain): no logging, no allocation.
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::start_isr_item_(size_t index) {
+  const int32_t item = this->isr_data_[index];
+  this->write_envelope_level_(item > 0);
+  this->arm_envelope_timer_(uint32_t(item > 0 ? item : -item));
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::advance_envelope_isr() {
+  if (!this->transmitting_)
+    return;  // chain was aborted; this is a stale one-shot that was already latched
+  if (this->isr_wait_remaining_ > 0) {
+    // continue a duration longer than one hardware one-shot
+    this->arm_envelope_timer_(this->isr_wait_remaining_);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->isr_in_gap_) {
+    // inter-repeat gap elapsed; restart the item chain
+    this->isr_in_gap_ = false;
+    this->isr_index_ = 0;
+    this->start_isr_item_(0);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->isr_index_ = this->isr_index_ + 1;
+  if (this->isr_index_ < this->isr_data_.size()) {
+    this->start_isr_item_(this->isr_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+  // end of one repetition
+  this->write_envelope_level_(false);
+  if (this->isr_repeats_left_ > 1) {
+    this->isr_repeats_left_ = this->isr_repeats_left_ - 1;
+    this->isr_index_ = 0;
+    if (this->isr_send_wait_ > 0) {
+      this->isr_in_gap_ = true;
+      this->arm_envelope_timer_(this->isr_send_wait_);
+    } else {
+      this->start_isr_item_(0);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  // required on Beken (its timer reloads); on Realtek this only clears the enable bit of a
+  // one-shot that has already fired
+  this->stop_envelope_timer_();
+  this->transmitting_ = false;
+  s_active_transmitter = nullptr;
+}
+
+// Aborts a chain that stopped advancing: stop the timer, idle the pin, release the token.
+// Every step is a no-op if the chain completed meanwhile. Task context only.
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::abort_stalled_chain_() {
+  // cleared first so a straggler one-shot bails at the ISR entry check
+  this->transmitting_ = false;
+  this->stop_envelope_timer_();
+  this->write_envelope_level_(false);
+  s_active_transmitter = nullptr;
+  this->stall_aborted_ = true;
+  this->status_set_warning("envelope timer stalled");
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Envelope timer stalled; transmission aborted");
+  delay(1);  // let any already-latched interrupt land while the chain state is safe
+}
+
+// Delivers one deferred completion with its status bookkeeping
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::deliver_completion_() {
+  if (!this->stall_aborted_)
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  this->complete_pending_ = false;
+  this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
+}
+
+// Waits until no chain is in flight, delivering any deferred completions; a completion
+// automation may start a new send, so repeat until truly idle. Bounded by the stall deadline.
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::wait_until_idle_() {
+  while (true) {
+    while (true) {
+      // snapshot: the final ISR can clear the volatile pointer between a check and a use
+      auto *active = s_active_transmitter;
+      if (active == nullptr)
+        break;
+      if ((int32_t) (millis() - s_expected_end_ms) > 0) {
+        active->abort_stalled_chain_();
+        break;
+      }
+      App.feed_wdt();
+      delay(1);
+    }
+    if (!this->complete_pending_)
+      break;
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+  }
+}
+
+// Stages the repeat schedule and stall deadline, then starts the interrupt chain
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_chain_(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  this->isr_repeats_left_ = send_times;
+  this->isr_send_wait_ = send_wait;
+  this->isr_index_ = 0;
+  this->isr_in_gap_ = false;
+  this->stall_aborted_ = false;
+  uint64_t frame_us = 0;
+  for (int32_t item : this->isr_data_)
+    frame_us += uint32_t(item > 0 ? item : -item);
+  const uint64_t total_us = frame_us * send_times + uint64_t(send_wait) * (send_times - 1);
+  s_expected_end_ms = millis() + uint32_t(total_us / 1000) + STALL_MARGIN_MS;
+  this->transmitting_ = true;
+  s_active_transmitter = this;
+  this->start_isr_item_(0);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  if (!this->envelope_ready_()) {
+    // both triggers still fire, so an on_complete-sequenced automation does not stall
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send: PWM not initialized");
+    this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+  if (send_times == 0) {
+    // parity with the loop-based implementations: transmit nothing, but both triggers
+    // still fire so an on_complete-sequenced automation does not stall
+    this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending remote code");
+  this->prepare_carrier_(this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency());
+  // own copy: with non_blocking the caller may re-encode temp_ while this frame is in flight
+  this->isr_data_.assign(this->temp_.get_data().begin(), this->temp_.get_data().end());
+  if (this->isr_data_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Empty data");
+    this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+    this->deliver_completion_();
+    return;
+  }
+  // trigger first: the deadline computed in arm_chain_ must not be charged for user code
+  this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+  // the automation may have started a send on another instance; let it finish before
+  // claiming the shared timer (a same-instance send remains unsupported here)
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+  this->arm_chain_(send_times, send_wait);
+  if (this->non_blocking_) {
+    this->complete_pending_ = true;
+    this->enable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+  // blocking mode: wait out the chain, bounded by the stall deadline
+  while (this->transmitting_) {
+    if ((int32_t) (millis() - s_expected_end_ms) > 0) {
+      this->abort_stalled_chain_();
+      break;
+    }
+    App.feed_wdt();
+    delay(1);
+  }
+  this->deliver_completion_();
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::loop() {
+  if (!this->complete_pending_) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->transmitting_) {
+    // non-blocking stall recovery: without this, a dead chain would leave the carrier
+    // driven and on_complete unfired until the next send happened to abort it
+    if ((int32_t) (millis() - s_expected_end_ms) <= 0)
+      return;
+    this->abort_stalled_chain_();
+  }
+  // release the loop before user code runs: the automation may start a new non-blocking
+  // send, and its enable_loop() must be the last writer or its completion would strand
+  this->disable_loop();
+  this->deliver_completion_();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C || REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_BK_PWM
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6db9faac36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rtl87xx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#include "remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// clang-tidy cannot parse the Realtek SDK headers pulled in via ArduinoPrivate.h
+#if defined(USE_RTL87XX) && !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
+
+// ArduinoPrivate.h = Arduino.h + the SDK's mbed HAL (pwmout, gtimer) with the core's fixes for
+// type-name collisions between the two (e.g. PinMode)
+#include <ArduinoPrivate.h>
+#ifndef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
+
+// PWM peripheral carrier, envelope paced by a gtimer interrupt chain. Bit-banging would need
+// interrupts disabled for the whole frame, but this core's micros() derives from the FreeRTOS
+// tick and freezes then. The SDK pwmout HAL is driven directly: the Arduino wiring layer's
+// GPIO/PWM mode round-trip use-after-frees LibreTiny's per-pin state.
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+static constexpr uint32_t ENVELOPE_TIMER_ID = TIMER6;  // GTimer7
+
+// One envelope timer for all instances: a second gtimer_init on the same id fails silently,
+// so the chain serializes them (remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static uint8_t s_pwm_tick_sources[] = {GTimer1, GTimer2, GTimer3, GTimer4, GTimer5, GTimer6, 0xff};
+static gtimer_t s_envelope_timer;
+static bool s_envelope_timer_ready = false;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static void IRAM_ATTR envelope_timer_isr(uint32_t arg) {
+  reinterpret_cast<RemoteTransmitterComponent *>(arg)->advance_envelope_isr();
+}
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::setup() {
+  // no pin_->setup(): a GPIO claim in the SDK's pin management blocks pwmout_init from
+  // owning the pad
+  PinInfo *info = pinInfo(this->pin_->get_pin());
+  if (info == nullptr || !pinSupported(info, PIN_PWM)) {
+    // checked here because the AmebaZ (RTL8710B) SDK does not report PWM init failure
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pin %u is not PWM-capable", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  auto *pwm = new pwmout_t();
+  this->pwm_ = pwm;
+  pwmout_init(pwm, static_cast<PinName>(info->gpio));
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  // only the AmebaZ2 SDK's pwmout_s reports init success
+  if (!pwm->is_init) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PWM init failed on pin %u", this->pin_->get_pin());
+    delete pwm;
+    this->pwm_ = nullptr;
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  // Shrink the PWM tick-source pool before the period claim below so GTimer7 stays free
+  // for the envelope; pwmout_init just registered the full pool.
+  hal_pwm_comm_tick_source_list(s_pwm_tick_sources);
+#endif
+  pwmout_period_us(pwm, 26);  // placeholder; the real carrier period is set per transmission
+  pwmout_write(pwm, this->pin_->is_inverted() ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  if (!s_envelope_timer_ready) {
+    gtimer_init(&s_envelope_timer, ENVELOPE_TIMER_ID);
+    s_envelope_timer_ready = true;
+  }
+  this->disable_loop();  // loop() is only needed while a non-blocking completion is pending
+#endif
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Remote Transmitter:\n"
+                "  Carrier Duty: %u%%",
+                this->carrier_duty_percent_);
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Non-blocking: %s", YESNO(this->non_blocking_));
+#endif
+  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::digital_write(bool value) {
+  if (this->pwm_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+  // serialize behind an in-flight chain, matching the ESP32/RMT non-blocking behavior
+  this->wait_until_idle_();
+#endif
+  pwmout_write(static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_), (value != this->pin_->is_inverted()) ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+// --- envelope chain hooks (see remote_transmitter_libretiny_isr.cpp) ---
+
+bool RemoteTransmitterComponent::envelope_ready_() const { return this->pwm_ != nullptr; }
+
+// Retunes the PWM period when the carrier changes and stages the per-item duties;
+// unmodulated protocols (no carrier or 100% duty) drive the pin constantly during marks
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::prepare_carrier_(uint32_t carrier_frequency) {
+  float mark_duty =
+      (carrier_frequency > 0 && this->carrier_duty_percent_ < 100) ? this->carrier_duty_percent_ / 100.0f : 1.0f;
+  float space_duty = 0.0f;
+  if (this->pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    mark_duty = 1.0f - mark_duty;
+    space_duty = 1.0f;
+  }
+  this->isr_mark_duty_ = mark_duty;
+  this->isr_space_duty_ = space_duty;
+  if (carrier_frequency == 0 || carrier_frequency == this->current_carrier_frequency_)
+    return;
+  // round(1000000/freq), clamped so a bad lambda can't hand the SDK a zero period
+  const uint32_t period = std::max(uint32_t(1), (1000000UL + carrier_frequency / 2) / carrier_frequency);
+  pwmout_period_us(static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_), period);
+  this->current_carrier_frequency_ = carrier_frequency;
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::write_envelope_level_(bool mark) {
+  pwmout_write(static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_), mark ? this->isr_mark_duty_ : this->isr_space_duty_);
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::arm_one_shot_(uint32_t duration_us) {
+  gtimer_start_one_shout(&s_envelope_timer, duration_us, (void *) envelope_timer_isr, (uint32_t) this);
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR RemoteTransmitterComponent::stop_envelope_timer_() { gtimer_stop(&s_envelope_timer); }
+
+#else  // !USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C -- AmebaZ (RTL8710B): spin-based envelope, per-frame priority boost
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::await_target_time_() {
+  const uint32_t current_time = micros();
+  if (this->target_time_ == 0) {
+    this->target_time_ = current_time;
+  } else {
+    while ((int32_t) (this->target_time_ - micros()) > 0) {
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  if (this->pwm_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send: PWM not initialized");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending remote code");
+  const uint32_t carrier_frequency = this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency();
+  // unmodulated protocols (no carrier or 100% duty) drive the pin constantly during marks
+  float mark_duty =
+      (carrier_frequency > 0 && this->carrier_duty_percent_ < 100) ? this->carrier_duty_percent_ / 100.0f : 1.0f;
+  float space_duty = 0.0f;
+  if (this->pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    mark_duty = 1.0f - mark_duty;
+    space_duty = 1.0f;
+  }
+  auto *pwm = static_cast<pwmout_t *>(this->pwm_);
+  if (carrier_frequency > 0 && carrier_frequency != this->current_carrier_frequency_) {
+    // round(1000000/freq), clamped like the bit-bang path so a bad lambda can't hand the SDK a zero period
+    const uint32_t period = std::max(uint32_t(1), (1000000UL + carrier_frequency / 2) / carrier_frequency);
+    pwmout_period_us(pwm, period);
+    this->current_carrier_frequency_ = carrier_frequency;
+  }
+  this->transmit_trigger_.trigger();
+  const UBaseType_t saved_priority = uxTaskPriorityGet(nullptr);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < send_times; i++) {
+    // Boost task priority for the frame only, so WiFi/lwIP tasks can't preempt mid-frame and
+    // merge adjacent marks. Interrupts stay enabled: micros() needs the FreeRTOS tick, and
+    // ISR latency is within receiver tolerance.
+    vTaskPrioritySet(nullptr, configMAX_PRIORITIES - 1);
+    // Re-anchor every iteration: a late exit from the normal-priority gap wait must not
+    // leave the schedule behind micros(), which would compress the next frame's leading items
+    this->target_time_ = 0;
+    for (int32_t item : this->temp_.get_data()) {
+      const bool is_mark = item > 0;
+      this->await_target_time_();
+      pwmout_write(pwm, is_mark ? mark_duty : space_duty);
+      this->target_time_ += is_mark ? uint32_t(item) : uint32_t(-item);
+      App.feed_wdt();
+    }
+    this->await_target_time_();  // wait for duration of last pulse
+    pwmout_write(pwm, space_duty);
+    vTaskPrioritySet(nullptr, saved_priority);
+    if (i + 1 < send_times) {
+      // The repeat gap is user-configurable and unbounded, so wait it out at normal
+      // priority, feeding the watchdog
+      const uint32_t gap_end = micros() + send_wait;
+      while ((int32_t) (gap_end - micros()) > 0) {
+        App.feed_wdt();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
+
+#endif  // USE_RTL87XX && !CLANG_TIDY
diff --git a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py
index ea080adc6b..7de468cb50 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import audio, psram, speaker
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -13,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ CONF_TAPS = "taps"
 PASSTHROUGH = "passthrough"
 
 
-def _set_stream_limits(config):
+def _set_stream_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     audio.set_stream_limits(
         min_bits_per_sample=16,
         max_bits_per_sample=32,
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ def _set_stream_limits(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _validate_audio_compatibility(config):
+def _validate_audio_compatibility(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     inherit_property_from(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER)(config)
     inherit_property_from(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER)(config)
 
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ def _validate_audio_compatibility(config):
     )(config)
 
 
-def _validate_taps(taps):
+def _validate_taps(taps: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.int_range(min=16, max=128)(taps)
     if value % 4 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Number of taps must be divisible by 4")
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_audio_compatibility
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await speaker.register_speaker(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py b/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py
index 1cb3c6020c..1333375717 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/resistance/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_OHM,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 resistance_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("resistance")
 ResistanceSensor = resistance_ns.class_("ResistanceSensor", cg.Component, sensor.Sensor)
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py
index 76757f7504..2648d1e85d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/restart/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 restart_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("restart")
 RestartButton = restart_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button, cg.Component)
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await button.register_button(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py
index e9283c9e41..9332716a9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/restart/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 restart_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("restart")
 RestartSwitch = restart_ns.class_("RestartSwitch", switch.Switch, cg.Component)
@@ -14,6 +15,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgb/light.py b/esphome/components/rgb/light.py
index b6daaaaa3c..cd55329256 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgb/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgb/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BLUE, CONF_GREEN, CONF_OUTPUT_ID, CONF_RED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rgb_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rgb")
 RGBLightOutput = rgb_ns.class_("RGBLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py b/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py
index dcd14310e3..00626ec6ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbct/light.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py b/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py
index 84425c23c2..7aedf4affc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbw/light.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_WHITE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rgbw_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rgbw")
 RGBWLightOutput = rgbw_ns.class_("RGBWLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py b/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py
index 882ab0cdbc..3626a57b8c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbww/light.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
     CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rgbww_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rgbww")
 RGBWWLightOutput = rgbww_ns.class_("RGBWWLightOutput", light.LightOutput)
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp
index 0831822d86..0734ca87d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderSensor::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->pin_i_ != nullptr && this->pin_i_->digital_read()) {
-    this->store_.counter = 0;
+    this->store_.counter = std::clamp<int32_t>(0, this->store_.min_value, this->store_.max_value);
   }
   int counter = this->store_.counter;
   if (this->store_.last_read != counter || this->publish_initial_value_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
index 0e5a03523d..72722ec4b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_STEPS,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 rotary_encoder_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rotary_encoder")
 
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ RotaryEncoderSetValueAction = rotary_encoder_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_min_max_value(config):
+def validate_min_max_value(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_MIN_VALUE in config and CONF_MAX_VALUE in config:
         min_val = config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]
         max_val = config[CONF_MAX_VALUE]
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -126,7 +129,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sensor_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sensor_template_publish_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.int_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py
index 2b2dc56433..18311416c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/router/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Validate every configured output speaker can accept the router's format.
     # Switching to an output that can't reproduce the format the producer is
     # already sending would otherwise fail silently at runtime.
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
             channels=config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS],
             sample_rate=config[CONF_SAMPLE_RATE],
         )(proxy)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py
similarity index 68%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
rename to esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py
index e76ce6def8..dae7df26c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     ThreadModel,
 )
 from esphome.core import (
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ from esphome.core import (
 )
 from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, read_file, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.platformio.toolchain import copy_ccache_script
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
@@ -40,27 +42,34 @@ from .const import (
     KEY_BOARD,
     KEY_LWIP_OPTS,
     KEY_PIO_FILES,
-    KEY_RP2040,
+    KEY_RP2,
     KEY_VARIANT,
     MCU_TO_VARIANT,
     STANDARD_BOARDS,
     VARIANT_FRIENDLY,
     VARIANTS,
-    rp2040_ns,
+    rp2_ns,
 )
 
 # force import gpio to register pin schema
-from .gpio import rp2040_pin_to_code  # noqa: F401
+from .gpio import rp2_pin_to_code  # noqa: F401
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 
+# Legacy top-level YAML keys that route here. The framework
+# (esphome/loader.py + esphome/config.py) handles both the deprecation
+# warning and the key-rename pass; this declaration is the only place a
+# component needs to opt in. See ComponentManifest.aliases for details.
+ALIASES = ["rp2040"]
+ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.7.0"
+
 
 def get_board() -> str:
     """Return the configured board name."""
-    return CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
+    return CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
 
 
 def board_has_wifi() -> bool:
@@ -90,22 +99,22 @@ def board_id_has_wifi(board_id: str) -> bool:
 
 
 def set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040] = {}
-    CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_RP2040
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2] = {}
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_RP2
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] = "arduino"
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] = cv.Version.parse(
         config[CONF_FRAMEWORK][CONF_VERSION]
     )
-    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD] = config[CONF_BOARD]
-    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_VARIANT] = config[CONF_VARIANT]
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD] = config[CONF_BOARD]
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_VARIANT] = config[CONF_VARIANT]
 
-    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_PIO_FILES] = {}
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_PIO_FILES] = {}
 
     return config
 
 
 def get_rp2040_variant(core_obj: EsphomeCore | None = None) -> str:
-    return (core_obj or CORE).data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_VARIANT]
+    return (core_obj or CORE).data[KEY_RP2][KEY_VARIANT]
 
 
 def only_on_variant(
@@ -121,7 +130,7 @@ def only_on_variant(
         unsupported = [unsupported]
 
     def validator_(obj: Any) -> Any:
-        if not CORE.is_rp2040:
+        if not CORE.is_rp2:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"{msg_prefix} is only available on RP2040")
         variant = get_rp2040_variant()
         if supported is not None and variant not in supported:
@@ -137,7 +146,7 @@ def only_on_variant(
     return validator_
 
 
-def get_download_types(storage_json):
+def get_download_types(storage_json: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     """Binary-download entries for a built RP2040 firmware.
 
     Used by device-builder (esphome/device-builder), via
@@ -148,6 +157,9 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
     the shape stable so the download panel
     doesn't have to special-case per-platform schemas.
     """
+    # No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads.
+    if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
+        return []
     return [
         {
             "title": "UF2 factory format",
@@ -165,17 +177,12 @@ def get_download_types(storage_json):
 
 
 def _format_framework_arduino_version(ver: cv.Version) -> str:
-    # The most recent releases have not been uploaded to platformio so grabbing them directly from
-    # the GitHub release is one path forward for now.
+    # The framework-arduinopico package is no longer published to the PlatformIO
+    # registry, so install the framework straight from the GitHub release
     return f"https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/{ver}/rp2040-{ver}.zip"
 
-    # format the given arduino (https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases) version to
-    # a PIO earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico value
-    # List of package versions: https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/earlephilhower/tool/framework-arduinopico
-    # return f"~1.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
 
-
-def _parse_platform_version(value):
+def _parse_platform_version(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     if value.startswith("http"):
         return value
@@ -190,19 +197,20 @@ def _parse_platform_version(value):
 
 # The default/recommended arduino framework version
 #  - https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases
-#  - https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/earlephilhower/tool/framework-arduinopico
-RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 6, 1)
+RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(6, 0, 0)
 
 # The raspberrypi platform version to use for arduino frameworks
 #  - https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi/tags
-RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = "v1.4.0-gcc14-arduinopico460"
+# develop-branch commit carrying the arduino-pico 6.0.0 / pico-quick-toolchain
+# 5.0.0 (GCC 16.1) update; replace with a release tag when one is cut
+RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = "9c167c6b8aac4f4cfa6d55a0c4e5b848795150c0"
 
 
-def _arduino_check_versions(value):
+def _arduino_check_versions(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
-        "dev": (cv.Version(5, 6, 1), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
-        "latest": (cv.Version(5, 6, 1), None),
+        "dev": (cv.Version(6, 0, 0), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
+        "latest": (cv.Version(6, 0, 0), None),
         "recommended": (RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, None),
     }
 
@@ -237,8 +245,12 @@ ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="recommended"): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION): _parse_platform_version,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_SOURCE, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.string_strict,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): _parse_platform_version,
         }
     ),
     _arduino_check_versions,
@@ -300,19 +312,25 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_BOARD, CONF_VARIANT),
     _detect_variant,
+    cv.require_platformio_toolchain("RP2"),
     set_core_data,
 )
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PLATFORM)
-async def to_code(config):
-    cg.add(rp2040_ns.setup_preferences())
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add(rp2_ns.setup_preferences())
 
     # Allow LDF to properly discover dependency including those in preprocessor
     # conditionals
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "chain+")
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_compat_mode", "strict")
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2")
+    # USE_RP2040 kept defined as a backwards-compat alias for external
+    # custom components that may still test for it. Internal code uses
+    # USE_RP2 (the canonical name for the RP2 chip family — covers
+    # RP2040, RP2350, and any future RP2-series chips).
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2040")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
@@ -322,12 +340,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant])
     cg.add_define(ThreadModel.SINGLE)
 
-    cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["post:post_build.py"])
+    cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["pre:ccache.py", "post:post_build.py"])
 
     conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
     cg.add_platformio_option("framework", "arduino")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ARDUINO")
-    cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2040_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2040_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO")  # back-compat alias
     # cg.add_build_flag("-DPICO_BOARD=pico_w")
     cg.add_platformio_option("platform", conf[CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION])
     cg.add_platformio_option(
@@ -337,6 +356,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         ],
     )
 
+    # newlib-nano is the default libc for the arduino-pico toolchain and its
+    # printf silently drops %f unless _printf_float is force-linked. Components
+    # use %f widely in logging, so pull it in.
+    cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,-u,_printf_float")
+
     # Wrap FILE*-based printf functions to eliminate newlib's _vfprintf_r
     # (~9.2 KB). See printf_stubs.cpp for implementation.
     if config.get(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF):
@@ -359,12 +383,84 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.RawExpression(f"VERSION_CODE({ver.major}, {ver.minor}, {ver.patch})"),
     )
 
-    cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT", config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT])
-    cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER")
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT", config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT])
+    cg.add_define(
+        "USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT", config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT]
+    )  # back-compat alias
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER")
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER")  # back-compat alias
 
     _configure_lwip()
 
 
+# --- lwIP sizing. See _configure_lwip() for the platform comparison table. ---
+
+# TCP_SND_BUF: 4×MSS=5,840 matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
+# ESPAsyncWebServer allocates malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per response chunk.
+LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
+
+# TCP_WND: receive window. 4×MSS matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
+LWIP_TCP_WND = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
+
+# TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: max pbufs queued per PCB for the send buffer
+# ESP-IDF formula: (4 * TCP_SND_BUF + (TCP_MSS - 1)) / TCP_MSS
+# With 4×MSS: (4*5840 + 1459) / 1460 = 17 — match ESP32
+LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN = 17
+
+# MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: pool shared by every PCB, so it must not be the per-PCB
+# queue length — lwIP's sanity check only demands >=, the floor for a single
+# connection. 2× lets two PCBs fill up before the rest see ERR_MEM. Measured
+# at 20 bytes per entry, so under 700 bytes total.
+LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG = 2 * LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
+
+# PBUF_POOL_SIZE: RP2040 has 264KB RAM, more generous than LibreTiny.
+# 16 matches ESP32 (vs arduino-pico's 24). Receive side only; the send path
+# copies into PBUF_RAM out of MEM_SIZE.
+LWIP_PBUF_POOL_SIZE = 16
+
+# MEM_SIZE: lwIP heap backing PBUF_RAM, where tcp_write() copies outgoing
+# data. TCP_OVERSIZE defaults to TCP_MSS, so each queued segment takes a full
+# MSS block whatever was written (pbuf 16 + PBUF_TRANSPORT 54 + MSS 1460 +
+# block header ≈ 1.5KB); a PCB at a full TCP_SND_BUF holds four, ~6KB.
+#
+# Two of those is ~12KB of arduino-pico's 16KB heap and already fails: mem.c
+# is first-fit, so a *contiguous* 1.5KB block must be free, and at 75%
+# occupancy interleaved with ARP/DHCP/DNS/mDNS the largest run collapses well
+# before the total does — hence the intermittent failures. With rp2's
+# max_connections of 4, a third sender has nothing left.
+#
+# 32KB is arduino-pico's own next tier (__LWIP_MEMMULT=2 boards).
+# Must stay under 64000 or lwIP widens mem_size_t to u32_t.
+LWIP_MEM_SIZE = 32768
+
+
+def build_lwip_defines(
+    tcp_sockets: int, udp_sockets: int, listening_tcp: int
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Render the lwIP override values for the Jinja2 template.
+
+    The template uses #include_next to chain to the framework's original
+    lwipopts.h, then #undef/#define only these. Split out from
+    _configure_lwip() so the values that actually reach the generated header
+    can be checked without standing up CORE.
+
+    Both malloc flags stay 0 (framework defaults); see _configure_lwip(). The
+    static pools are the only IRQ-safe allocator on this platform, so the fix
+    is to size them correctly rather than to make them dynamic.
+    """
+    return {
+        "TCP_SND_BUF": LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF,
+        "TCP_WND": LWIP_TCP_WND,
+        "TCP_SND_QUEUELEN": str(LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN),
+        "MEM_SIZE": str(LWIP_MEM_SIZE),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG": str(LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG),
+        "PBUF_POOL_SIZE": str(LWIP_PBUF_POOL_SIZE),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB": str(tcp_sockets),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN": str(listening_tcp),
+        "MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB": str(udp_sockets),
+    }
+
+
 def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     """Configure lwIP options for RP2040 by generating a custom lwipopts.h.
 
@@ -384,25 +480,36 @@ def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     TCP_SND_BUF               2×MSS   4×MSS  8×MSS         4×MSS
     TCP_WND                   4×MSS   4×MSS  8×MSS         4×MSS
+    TCP_SND_QUEUELEN          ~8      17     32            17
     MEM_LIBC_MALLOC           1       1      0             0*
     MEMP_MEM_MALLOC           1       1      0             0**
-    MEM_SIZE                  N/A***  N/A*** 16KB          16KB
+    MEM_SIZE                  N/A***  N/A*** 16KB          32KB
     PBUF_POOL_SIZE            10      16     24            16
-    MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG          10      16     32            17
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG          10      16     32            34****
     MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB          5       16     5             dynamic
-    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN   4       16     8****         dynamic
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN   4       16     8*****        dynamic
     MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB          4       16     7             dynamic
-    TCP_SND_QUEUELEN          ~8      17     32            17
 
     * MEM_LIBC_MALLOC must stay 0: arduino-pico uses
       PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND which runs lwIP callbacks from
       a low-priority pendsv IRQ. The pico-sdk explicitly blocks
       MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 because libc malloc uses mutexes (unsafe in IRQ).
-    ** MEMP_MEM_MALLOC must stay 0: the dedicated lwIP heap (MEM_SIZE=16KB)
-      is too small to hold all pools dynamically. The PBUF_POOL alone needs
-      ~24KB (16 × 1524 bytes). Increasing MEM_SIZE would negate BSS savings.
-    *** ESP8266/ESP32 use MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 (system heap, no dedicated pool).
-    **** opt.h default; arduino-pico doesn't override MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN.
+    ** MEMP_MEM_MALLOC must stay 0 for IRQ safety, not size. memp_malloc()
+      pops the pool free list inside SYS_ARCH_PROTECT, but lwIP's heap takes
+      its protection from LWIP_ALLOW_MEM_FREE_FROM_OTHER_CONTEXT (default 0),
+      so under NO_SYS=1 mem_malloc()/mem_free() are unprotected — and memp.c
+      calls mem_malloc() outside the guard anyway. RX pbufs would then be
+      allocated from the pendsv IRQ on the same unguarded free list the main
+      loop uses for tcp_write(). Tried on hardware: faults within seconds on
+      CYW43. Ethernet survives only because it polls from the main loop.
+    *** ESP8266/ESP32 ship MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1, so their pool entries come from
+      the heap on demand and MEMP_NUM_*/PBUF_POOL_SIZE are labels, not caps
+      (MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 points that heap at the system heap). Both flags are
+      0 here, so ours are hard limits; don't copy their numbers.
+    **** MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG is *global* while TCP_SND_QUEUELEN is *per-PCB*, so
+      sizing it to the per-PCB value lets one busy connection drain it for
+      every other. 2× covers two PCBs; MEM_SIZE is the real limit past that.
+    ***** opt.h default; arduino-pico doesn't override MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN.
     "dynamic" = auto-calculated from component socket registrations via
     socket.get_socket_counts() with minimums of 8 TCP / 6 UDP / 2 TCP_LISTEN.
     """
@@ -421,51 +528,10 @@ def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     # UDP PCBs (2) are absorbed by the generous minimum of 6.
     listening_tcp = max(MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS, sc.tcp_listen)
 
-    # TCP_SND_BUF: 4×MSS=5,840 matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
-    # ESPAsyncWebServer allocates malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per response chunk.
-    tcp_snd_buf = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
-
-    # TCP_WND: receive window. 4×MSS matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
-    tcp_wnd = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
-
-    # TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: max pbufs queued for send buffer
-    # ESP-IDF formula: (4 * TCP_SND_BUF + (TCP_MSS - 1)) / TCP_MSS
-    # With 4×MSS: (4*5840 + 1459) / 1460 = 17 — match ESP32
-    tcp_snd_queuelen = 17
-    # MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: segment pool, must be >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN (lwIP sanity check)
-    memp_num_tcp_seg = tcp_snd_queuelen
-
-    # PBUF_POOL_SIZE: RP2040 has 264KB RAM, more generous than LibreTiny.
-    # 16 matches ESP32 (vs arduino-pico's 24). With MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1,
-    # this is a max count (allocated on demand from heap).
-    pbuf_pool_size = 16
-
-    # Build the lwIP override defines for the Jinja2 template.
-    # The template uses #include_next to chain to the framework's original
-    # lwipopts.h, then #undef/#define only the values we need to change.
-    #
-    # Note: MEMP_MEM_MALLOC stays 0 (framework default). While the memp
-    # allocations use the dedicated lwIP heap (IRQ-safe), the 16KB MEM_SIZE
-    # is too small to hold all pools dynamically under stress. The PBUF_POOL
-    # alone needs ~24KB (16 × 1524 bytes). Increasing MEM_SIZE would negate
-    # the BSS savings.
-    #
-    # MEM_LIBC_MALLOC stays 0 (framework default): arduino-pico uses
-    # PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND which runs lwIP callbacks from
-    # a low-priority pendsv IRQ where libc malloc (mutex-based) is unsafe.
-    lwip_defines: dict[str, str] = {
-        "TCP_SND_BUF": tcp_snd_buf,
-        "TCP_WND": tcp_wnd,
-        "TCP_SND_QUEUELEN": str(tcp_snd_queuelen),
-        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG": str(memp_num_tcp_seg),
-        "PBUF_POOL_SIZE": str(pbuf_pool_size),
-        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB": str(tcp_sockets),
-        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN": str(listening_tcp),
-        "MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB": str(udp_sockets),
-    }
+    lwip_defines = build_lwip_defines(tcp_sockets, udp_sockets, listening_tcp)
 
     # Store for copy_files() to generate the header
-    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_LWIP_OPTS] = lwip_defines
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_LWIP_OPTS] = lwip_defines
 
     # Add a pre-build extra script that injects our lwip_override directory
     # into CCFLAGS so our lwipopts.h shadows the framework's version.
@@ -477,7 +543,8 @@ def _configure_lwip() -> None:
     udp_min = " (min)" if udp_sockets > sc.udp else ""
     listen_min = " (min)" if listening_tcp > sc.tcp_listen else ""
     _LOGGER.info(
-        "Configuring lwIP: TCP=%d%s [%s], UDP=%d%s [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d%s [%s]",
+        "Configuring lwIP: %d byte heap; TCP=%d%s [%s], UDP=%d%s [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d%s [%s]",
+        LWIP_MEM_SIZE,
         tcp_sockets,
         tcp_min,
         sc.tcp_details,
@@ -498,9 +565,9 @@ def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
     in the build directory, and a pre-build script injects this directory
     into the compiler include path before the framework's own include dir.
     """
-    from jinja2 import Environment
+    from jinja2 import Environment, StrictUndefined
 
-    lwip_defines = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040].get(KEY_LWIP_OPTS)
+    lwip_defines = CORE.data[KEY_RP2].get(KEY_LWIP_OPTS)
     if not lwip_defines:
         return
 
@@ -511,7 +578,10 @@ def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
     template_text = (Path(__file__).parent / "lwipopts.h.jinja").read_text(
         encoding="utf-8"
     )
-    jinja_env = Environment(keep_trailing_newline=True)
+    # StrictUndefined: a placeholder with no value would otherwise render
+    # empty, emitting a bare #define that compiles and silently means
+    # something else in lwIP's config.
+    jinja_env = Environment(keep_trailing_newline=True, undefined=StrictUndefined)
     template = jinja_env.from_string(template_text)
     content = template.render(**lwip_defines)
 
@@ -520,14 +590,14 @@ def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
     write_file_if_changed(lwip_dir / "lwipopts.h", content)
 
 
-def add_pio_file(component: str, key: str, data: str):
+def add_pio_file(component: str, key: str, data: str) -> None:
     try:
         cv.validate_id_name(key)
     except cv.Invalid as e:
         raise EsphomeError(
             f"[{component}] Invalid PIO key: {key}. Allowed characters: [{ascii_letters}{digits}_]\nPlease report an issue https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues"
         ) from e
-    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_PIO_FILES][key] = data
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_PIO_FILES][key] = data
 
 
 def generate_pio_files() -> bool:
@@ -536,7 +606,7 @@ def generate_pio_files() -> bool:
     shutil.rmtree(CORE.relative_build_path("src/pio"), ignore_errors=True)
 
     includes: list[str] = []
-    files = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_PIO_FILES]
+    files = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_PIO_FILES]
     if not files:
         return False
     for key, data in files.items():
@@ -561,7 +631,7 @@ def generate_pio_files() -> bool:
 
 
 # Called by writer.py
-def copy_files():
+def copy_files() -> None:
     dir = Path(__file__).parent
     post_build_file = dir / "post_build.py.script"
     copy_file_if_changed(
@@ -573,6 +643,7 @@ def copy_files():
         inject_lwip_file,
         CORE.relative_build_path("inject_lwip_include.py"),
     )
+    copy_ccache_script()
     _generate_lwipopts_h()
     if generate_pio_files():
         path = CORE.relative_src_path("esphome.h")
@@ -581,7 +652,7 @@ def copy_files():
 
 
 # RP2040 crash handler stacktrace decoding
-# Matches output from esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
+# Matches output from esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.cpp
 _CRASH_RE = re.compile(r"CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT")
 _CRASH_ADDR_RE = re.compile(
     r"(?:PC|LR|BT\d):\s+(0x[0-9a-fA-F]{8})\s+\((?:fault location|return address|stack backtrace)\)"
@@ -601,7 +672,7 @@ def _addr2line(tool: str, elf: Path, addr: str) -> str:
         return f"{addr} (decode failed)"
 
 
-def process_stacktrace(config, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
+def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
     """Decode RP2040 crash handler output using addr2line."""
     if _CRASH_RE.search(line):
         _LOGGER.error("RP2040 crash detected - decoding addresses")
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2 b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e5e55d771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.jinja2
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Auto-generated by generate_boards.py — do not edit manually
+# To regenerate: python esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
+
+# arduino-pico maps pins >= {{ cyw43_gpio_offset }} to CYW43 wireless chip GPIOs
+CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET = {{ cyw43_gpio_offset }}
+CYW43_MAX_GPIO = {{ cyw43_max_gpio }}
+DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = {{ default_max_pin }}
+
+RP2_BASE_PINS = {}
+
+RP2_BOARD_PINS = {
+{%- for name, pins in board_pins %}
+    {{ name | repr }}: {{ pins | format_pins }},
+{%- endfor %}
+}
+
+# RP2350 boards carry a {{ rp2350_die_key | repr }} key holding the die letter:
+# 'A' for the RP2350A (GPIO 0-29, 5 ADC channels), 'B' for the RP2350B
+# (GPIO 0-47, 9 ADC channels), and None when the die is a build-time menu
+# choice and so is not known here. The key is absent on non-RP2350 boards.
+BOARDS = {
+{%- for name, info in boards %}
+    {{ name | repr }}: {
+    {%- for key, value in info.items() %}
+        {{ key | repr }}: {{ value | repr }},
+    {%- endfor %}
+    },
+{%- endfor %}
+}
+
+# Deprecated: use RP2_BASE_PINS / RP2_BOARD_PINS instead. Kept as back-compat
+# aliases so external custom components / tooling that imported the legacy
+# names via the ``rp2040`` package alias keep working.
+# Scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0.
+RP2040_BASE_PINS = RP2_BASE_PINS
+RP2040_BOARD_PINS = RP2_BOARD_PINS
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.py
similarity index 94%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
rename to esphome/components/rp2/boards.py
index 0bc5c48d03..4b2f9769b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/boards.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Auto-generated by generate_boards.py — do not edit manually
-# To regenerate: python esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
+# To regenerate: python esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
 
 # arduino-pico maps pins >= 64 to CYW43 wireless chip GPIOs
 CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET = 64
 CYW43_MAX_GPIO = 66
 DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = 29
 
-RP2040_BASE_PINS = {}
+RP2_BASE_PINS = {}
 
-RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
+RP2_BOARD_PINS = {
     "0xcb_helios": {
         "LED": 17,
         "MISO": 20,
@@ -133,9 +133,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 1,
         "SCK": 22,
         "SCL": 3,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 2,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 13,
         "TX": 0,
     },
@@ -146,9 +144,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 1,
         "SCK": 22,
         "SCL": 3,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 2,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 21,
         "TX": 0,
     },
@@ -464,9 +460,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 13,
         "SCK": 18,
         "SCL": 21,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 20,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 17,
         "TX": 12,
     },
@@ -477,9 +471,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 13,
         "SCK": 18,
         "SCL": 21,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 20,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 17,
         "TX": 12,
     },
@@ -509,14 +501,10 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "LED": 29,
         "MISO": 20,
         "MOSI": 19,
-        "RX": 31,
         "SCK": 22,
         "SCL": 17,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 16,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 21,
-        "TX": 31,
     },
     "cytron_maker_nano_rp2040": {
         "LED": 2,
@@ -708,6 +696,19 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "SS": 17,
         "TX": 0,
     },
+    "ilabs_cpico_2350": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
     "ilabs_rpico32": {
         "MISO": 24,
         "MOSI": 23,
@@ -941,31 +942,15 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "TX": 0,
     },
     "pimoroni_plasma2040": {"LED": 16, "SCL": 21, "SDA": 20},
-    "pimoroni_plasma2350": {
-        "LED": 16,
-        "MISO": 31,
-        "MOSI": 31,
-        "RX": 31,
-        "SCK": 31,
-        "SCL": 21,
-        "SCL1": 31,
-        "SDA": 20,
-        "SDA1": 31,
-        "SS": 31,
-        "TX": 31,
-    },
+    "pimoroni_plasma2350": {"LED": 16, "SCL": 21, "SDA": 20},
     "pimoroni_plasma2350w": {
         "LED": 16,
         "MISO": 24,
         "MOSI": 24,
-        "RX": 31,
         "SCK": 29,
         "SCL": 21,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 20,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 25,
-        "TX": 31,
     },
     "pimoroni_servo2040": {"LED": 18, "SCL": 21, "SDA": 20},
     "pimoroni_tiny2040": {
@@ -1208,9 +1193,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 19,
         "SCK": 14,
         "SCL": 21,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 20,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 13,
         "TX": 18,
     },
@@ -1256,9 +1239,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 1,
         "SCK": 22,
         "SCL": 17,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 16,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 21,
         "TX": 0,
     },
@@ -1281,9 +1262,7 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "RX": 1,
         "SCK": 2,
         "SCL": 7,
-        "SCL1": 31,
         "SDA": 6,
-        "SDA1": 31,
         "SS": 9,
         "TX": 0,
     },
@@ -1513,6 +1492,19 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
         "SS": 17,
         "TX": 0,
     },
+    "weact_rp2350b": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
     "wiznet_55rp20_evb_pico": {
         "LED": 19,
         "MISO": 2,
@@ -1541,6 +1533,10 @@ RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
     },
 }
 
+# RP2350 boards carry a 'die' key holding the die letter:
+# 'A' for the RP2350A (GPIO 0-29, 5 ADC channels), 'B' for the RP2350B
+# (GPIO 0-47, 9 ADC channels), and None when the die is a build-time menu
+# choice and so is not known here. The key is absent on non-RP2350 boards.
 BOARDS = {
     "0xcb_helios": {
         "name": "0xCB Helios",
@@ -1556,6 +1552,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "MyMakers RP2350B",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "MyRP_bot": {
         "name": "MyMakers RP2040",
@@ -1595,12 +1592,14 @@ BOARDS = {
     "adafruit_feather_rp2350_adalogger": {
         "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2350 Adalogger",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "adafruit_feather_rp2350_hstx": {
         "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2350 HSTX",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "adafruit_feather_scorpio": {
         "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 SCORPIO",
@@ -1626,6 +1625,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Adafruit Fruit Jam RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "adafruit_itsybitsy": {
         "name": "Adafruit ItsyBitsy RP2040",
@@ -1651,6 +1651,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Adafruit Metro RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "adafruit_qtpy": {
         "name": "Adafruit QT Py RP2040",
@@ -1770,17 +1771,20 @@ BOARDS = {
     "challenger_2350_bconnect": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 BConnect",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "challenger_2350_nbiot": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 NB-IoT",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "challenger_2350_wifi6_ble5": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 WiFi/BLE",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "challenger_nb_2040_wifi": {
         "name": "iLabs Challenger NB 2040 WiFi",
@@ -1795,7 +1799,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "cytron_iriv_io_controller": {
         "name": "Cytron IRIV IO Controller",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "cytron_maker_nano_rp2040": {
         "name": "Cytron Maker Nano RP2040",
@@ -1815,7 +1820,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "cytron_motion_2350_pro": {
         "name": "Cytron Motion 2350 Pro",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "datanoisetv_picoadk": {
         "name": "DatanoiseTV PicoADK",
@@ -1825,7 +1831,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "datanoisetv_picoadk_v2": {
         "name": "DatanoiseTV PicoADK v2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "degz_suibo": {
         "name": "Degz Robotics Suibo RP2040",
@@ -1871,12 +1878,19 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Generic RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": None,
     },
     "groundstudio_marble_pico": {
         "name": "GroundStudio Marble Pico",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
         "max_pin": 29,
     },
+    "ilabs_cpico_2350": {
+        "name": "iLabs CPico 2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
+    },
     "ilabs_rpico32": {
         "name": "iLabs RPICO32",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
@@ -1891,6 +1905,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Architeuthis Flux Jumperless V5",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "melopero_cookie_rp2040": {
         "name": "Melopero Cookie RP2040",
@@ -1931,16 +1946,19 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Olimex Pico2BB48",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "olimex_pico2xl": {
         "name": "Olimex Pico2XL",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "olimex_pico2xxl": {
         "name": "Olimex Pico2XXL",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "olimex_rp2040pico30": {
         "name": "Olimex RP2040-Pico30",
@@ -1948,12 +1966,12 @@ BOARDS = {
         "max_pin": 29,
     },
     "pcbcupid_glyph_2040": {
-        "name": "PCBCupid Glyph 2040",
+        "name": "Pcbcupid GLYPH 2040",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
         "max_pin": 29,
     },
     "pcbcupid_glyph_mini_2040": {
-        "name": "PCBCupid Glyph Mini 2040",
+        "name": "Pcbcupid GLYPH MINI 2040",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
         "max_pin": 29,
     },
@@ -1966,6 +1984,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni Explorer",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "pimoroni_pga2040": {
         "name": "Pimoroni PGA2040",
@@ -1976,16 +1995,19 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni PGA2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "pimoroni_pico_plus_2": {
         "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "pimoroni_pico_plus_2w": {
         "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -1997,12 +2019,14 @@ BOARDS = {
     "pimoroni_plasma2350": {
         "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "pimoroni_plasma2350w": {
         "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "pimoroni_servo2040": {
@@ -2018,7 +2042,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "pimoroni_tiny2350": {
         "name": "Pimoroni Tiny2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "pintronix_pinmax": {
         "name": "Pintronix PinMax",
@@ -2048,12 +2073,14 @@ BOARDS = {
     "rpipico2": {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "rpipico2w": {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -2087,7 +2114,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "seeed_xiao_rp2350": {
         "name": "Seeed XIAO RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "silicognition_rp2040_shim": {
         "name": "Silicognition RP2040-Shim",
@@ -2103,6 +2131,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Soldered Electronics NULA RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "solderparty_rp2040_stamp": {
@@ -2113,22 +2142,26 @@ BOARDS = {
     "solderparty_rp2350_stamp": {
         "name": "Solder Party RP2350 Stamp",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "solderparty_rp2350_stamp_xl": {
         "name": "Solder Party RP2350 Stamp XL",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "sparkfun_iotnode_lorawanrp2350": {
         "name": "SparkFun IoT Node LoRaWAN",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "sparkfun_iotredboard_rp2350": {
         "name": "SparkFun IoT RedBoard RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
     },
     "sparkfun_micromodrp2040": {
@@ -2144,7 +2177,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "sparkfun_promicrorp2350": {
         "name": "SparkFun ProMicro RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "sparkfun_thingplusrp2040": {
         "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2040",
@@ -2154,7 +2188,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "sparkfun_thingplusrp2350": {
         "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -2162,6 +2197,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "SparkFun XRP Controller",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
@@ -2235,29 +2271,40 @@ BOARDS = {
     "waveshare_rp2350_lcd_0_96": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 LCD 0.96",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350_pizero": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 PiZero",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350_plus": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 Plus",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350_zero": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350 Zero",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "waveshare_rp2350b_plus_w": {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350B Plus W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
         "wifi": True,
     },
+    "weact_rp2350b": {
+        "name": "WeAct Studio RP2350B Core Board",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+        "die": "B",
+    },
     "wiznet_5100s_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
@@ -2266,7 +2313,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "wiznet_5100s_evb_pico2": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "wiznet_5500_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5500-EVB-Pico",
@@ -2276,7 +2324,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "wiznet_5500_evb_pico2": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5500-EVB-Pico2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "wiznet_55rp20_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W55RP20-EVB-Pico",
@@ -2291,7 +2340,8 @@ BOARDS = {
     "wiznet_6300_evb_pico2": {
         "name": "WIZnet W6300-EVB-Pico2",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
-        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "die": "A",
     },
     "wiznet_wizfi360_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet WizFi360-EVB-Pico",
@@ -2299,3 +2349,10 @@ BOARDS = {
         "max_pin": 29,
     },
 }
+
+# Deprecated: use RP2_BASE_PINS / RP2_BOARD_PINS instead. Kept as back-compat
+# aliases so external custom components / tooling that imported the legacy
+# names via the ``rp2040`` package alias keep working.
+# Scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0.
+RP2040_BASE_PINS = RP2_BASE_PINS
+RP2040_BOARD_PINS = RP2_BOARD_PINS
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/build_pio.py.script b/esphome/components/rp2/build_pio.py.script
similarity index 100%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/build_pio.py.script
rename to esphome/components/rp2/build_pio.py.script
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py b/esphome/components/rp2/const.py
similarity index 91%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
rename to esphome/components/rp2/const.py
index 959753d95b..515f9f007c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/const.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 
 KEY_BOARD = "board"
 KEY_LWIP_OPTS = "lwip_opts"
-KEY_RP2040 = "rp2040"
+KEY_RP2 = "rp2"
 KEY_PIO_FILES = "pio_files"
 KEY_VARIANT = "variant"
 
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ STANDARD_BOARDS = {
     VARIANT_RP2350: "rpipico2w",
 }
 
-rp2040_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2040")
+rp2_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2")
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/core.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2509f47a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/core.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+// HAL functions live in hal.cpp. core.cpp is intentionally empty for
+// rp2 — there is no extra component bootstrap to keep here.
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/core.h b/esphome/components/rp2/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ce9151d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <pico.h>
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-runtime-int,readability-identifier-naming,readability-redundant-declaration)
+extern "C" unsigned long ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue();
+
+namespace esphome::rp2 {}  // namespace esphome::rp2
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
rename to esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.cpp
index f9eb42a0f8..a0fea21637 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
 
 #include "crash_handler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ static inline bool is_code_addr(uint32_t val) {
 
 static constexpr size_t MAX_BACKTRACE = 4;
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+namespace esphome::rp2 {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "rp2040.crash";
+static const char *const TAG = "rp2.crash";
 
 // Placed in .noinit so BSS zero-init cannot race with crash_handler_read_and_clear().
 // The valid field is explicitly cleared in crash_handler_read_and_clear() instead.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static struct CrashData {
   uint32_t sp;
   uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
   uint8_t backtrace_count;
-} s_crash_data __attribute__((section(".noinit")));
+} s_crash_data __attribute__((section(".noinit")));  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 bool crash_handler_has_data() { return s_crash_data.valid; }
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void crash_handler_log() {
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2
 
 // --- HardFault handler ---
 // Overrides the weak isr_hardfault from arduino-pico's crt0.S.
@@ -236,5 +236,5 @@ extern "C" void __attribute__((naked, used)) isr_hardfault() {
                  : "i"(hard_fault_handler_c));
 }
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h b/esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h
similarity index 66%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
rename to esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h
index 78e8ede08c..8c43d9fd3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+namespace esphome::rp2 {
 
 /// Read crash data from watchdog scratch registers and clear them.
 void crash_handler_read_and_clear();
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void crash_handler_log();
 /// Returns true if crash data was found this boot.
 bool crash_handler_has_data();
 
-}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py
similarity index 62%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
rename to esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py
index b1a0b17ca3..4066ef6b34 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Generate boards.py from arduino-pico board definitions.
 
-Usage: python esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
+Usage: python esphome/components/rp2/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
 """
 
 import json
@@ -34,11 +34,27 @@ CYW43_GPIO_COUNT = 3
 # Max GPIO pin per MCU (hardware specs from datasheets)
 MCU_MAX_PIN = {
     "rp2040": 29,  # GPIO 0-29
-    "rp2350": 47,  # GPIO 0-47 (RP2350A)
+    "rp2350": 47,  # GPIO 0-47 (RP2350B; A-die boards are narrowed to 29 below)
 }
 DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = 29
+# The RP2350 currently comes in two die variants: RP2350A exposes GPIO 0-29,
+# RP2350B GPIO 0-47. Variant headers declare the die via PICO_RP2350A
+# (1 = A, 0 = B).
+RP2350_DIE_A = "A"
+RP2350_DIE_B = "B"
+RP2350A_MAX_PIN = 29
+# Key recording the die letter on RP2350 board entries. Holds a letter rather
+# than a bool so a future die can be named instead of forced into "not A".
+RP2350_DIE_KEY = "die"
 
 PIN_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PIN_(\w+)\s+\((\d+)u\)")
+# Accepts the literal forms seen in these headers: 1, (1), 1u, (1u)
+RP2350A_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PICO_RP2350A\s+(\S+)")
+# Only PICO_RP2350A exists today. A define for any other die letter means the
+# A/B assumption below no longer holds. The trailing \b keeps this from
+# matching unrelated names such as PICO_RP2350_A2_SUPPORTED.
+OTHER_DIE_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PICO_RP2350(?!A\b)([B-Z])\b")
+RP2350A_MENU_PLACEHOLDER = "__PICO_RP2350A"
 
 
 def parse_variant_pins(variant_dir: Path) -> dict[str, int]:
@@ -56,6 +72,47 @@ def parse_variant_pins(variant_dir: Path) -> dict[str, int]:
     return pins
 
 
+def parse_variant_rp2350_die(variant_dir: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Return the RP2350 die letter the variant declares, or None if unknown.
+
+    Generic boards leave the die a build-time menu choice (PICO_RP2350A is set
+    to a __PICO_RP2350A placeholder rather than a literal); those return None,
+    meaning the die is genuinely unknown at code generation time. They keep the
+    permissive B-die pin range, but that is a fallback and must not be recorded
+    as a known die.
+
+    A missing or unrecognized define raises: silently treating it as B-die
+    would widen pin validation back to GPIO 47 on A-die boards, so a framework
+    bump that changes the header format must fail loudly here instead. The same
+    goes for a die beyond A and B: PICO_RP2350A is a yes/no answer about the A
+    die, so "not A" can only be read as B while A and B are the whole family.
+    """
+    header = variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h"
+    text = header.read_text(encoding="utf-8") if header.exists() else ""
+    if other_die := OTHER_DIE_DEFINE_RE.search(text):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{header}: found a PICO_RP2350{other_die.group(1)} define; the "
+            "RP2350 gained a die beyond A and B, so PICO_RP2350A being 0 no "
+            "longer means the B die"
+        )
+    match = RP2350A_DEFINE_RE.search(text)
+    if match is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{header}: no PICO_RP2350A define found; cannot classify the "
+            "RP2350 die (A exposes GPIO 0-29, B exposes GPIO 0-47)"
+        )
+    value = match.group(1)
+    if value == RP2350A_MENU_PLACEHOLDER:
+        return None
+    literal = value.strip("()u")
+    if not literal.isdigit():
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{header}: unrecognized PICO_RP2350A value {value!r}; cannot "
+            "classify the RP2350 die (A exposes GPIO 0-29, B exposes GPIO 0-47)"
+        )
+    return RP2350_DIE_A if int(literal) == 1 else RP2350_DIE_B
+
+
 def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
     """Load all board definitions and return (board_pins, boards) dicts."""
     json_dir = arduino_pico_path / "tools" / "json"
@@ -64,6 +121,7 @@ def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
     board_pins = {}
     boards = {}
     variant_pins_cache: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {}
+    variant_die_cache: dict[str, str | None] = {}
 
     for json_file in sorted(json_dir.glob("*.json")):
         board_name = json_file.stem
@@ -81,11 +139,26 @@ def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
         extra_flags = build.get("extra_flags", "")
         has_wifi = "PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1" in extra_flags
 
+        max_pin = MCU_MAX_PIN.get(mcu, DEFAULT_MAX_PIN)
+        die: str | None = None
+        if mcu == "rp2350":
+            if variant not in variant_die_cache:
+                variant_die_cache[variant] = parse_variant_rp2350_die(
+                    variants_dir / variant
+                )
+            die = variant_die_cache[variant]
+            if die == RP2350_DIE_A:
+                max_pin = RP2350A_MAX_PIN
+
         board_entry: dict = {
             "name": display_name,
             "mcu": mcu,
-            "max_pin": MCU_MAX_PIN.get(mcu, DEFAULT_MAX_PIN),
+            "max_pin": max_pin,
         }
+        if mcu == "rp2350":
+            # Recorded explicitly because max_pin cannot express the die:
+            # 29 also means RP2040, and 47 also means "die not known yet".
+            board_entry[RP2350_DIE_KEY] = die
         if has_wifi:
             board_entry["wifi"] = True
         boards[board_name] = board_entry
@@ -168,6 +241,7 @@ def generate(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> str:
         cyw43_gpio_offset=CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET,
         cyw43_max_gpio=CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET + CYW43_GPIO_COUNT - 1,
         default_max_pin=DEFAULT_MAX_PIN,
+        rp2350_die_key=RP2350_DIE_KEY,
         board_pins=sorted(board_pins.items()),
         boards=sorted(boards.items()),
     )
@@ -182,7 +256,7 @@ def generate(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> str:
     return result.stdout.decode()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
         print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <arduino-pico-path>", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.cpp
similarity index 81%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp
rename to esphome/components/rp2/gpio.cpp
index 4b3c98104c..0dbb124a26 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
-namespace rp2040 {
+namespace rp2 {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "rp2040";
+static const char *const TAG = "rp2";
 
 static int flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, uint8_t pin) {
   if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {  // NOLINT(bugprone-branch-clone)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct ISRPinArg {
   bool inverted;
 };
 
-ISRInternalGPIOPin RP2040GPIOPin::to_isr() const {
+ISRInternalGPIOPin RP2GPIOPin::to_isr() const {
   auto *arg = new ISRPinArg{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
   arg->pin = this->pin_;
   arg->inverted = this->inverted_;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ISRInternalGPIOPin RP2040GPIOPin::to_isr() const {
   return ISRInternalGPIOPin((void *) arg);
 }
 
-void RP2040GPIOPin::attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const {
+void RP2GPIOPin::attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const {
   PinStatus arduino_mode = LOW;
   switch (type) {
     case gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE:
@@ -60,25 +60,23 @@ void RP2040GPIOPin::attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::Inte
 
   attachInterrupt(pin_, func, arduino_mode, arg);
 }
-void RP2040GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
+void RP2GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   pinMode(pin_, flags_to_mode(flags, pin_));  // NOLINT
 }
 
-size_t RP2040GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
-  return snprintf(buffer, len, "GPIO%u", this->pin_);
-}
+size_t RP2GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const { return snprintf(buffer, len, "GPIO%u", this->pin_); }
 
-bool RP2040GPIOPin::digital_read() {
+bool RP2GPIOPin::digital_read() {
   return bool(digitalRead(pin_)) != inverted_;  // NOLINT
 }
-void RP2040GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
+void RP2GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
   digitalWrite(pin_, value != inverted_ ? 1 : 0);  // NOLINT
 }
-void RP2040GPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const { detachInterrupt(pin_); }
+void RP2GPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const { detachInterrupt(pin_); }
 
-}  // namespace rp2040
+}  // namespace rp2
 
-using namespace rp2040;
+using namespace rp2;
 
 bool IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_read() {
   auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
@@ -115,4 +113,4 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.h b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.h
similarity index 85%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.h
rename to esphome/components/rp2/gpio.h
index b9aa497b47..538fef619a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.h
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+namespace esphome::rp2 {
 
-class RP2040GPIOPin final : public InternalGPIOPin {
+class RP2GPIOPin final : public InternalGPIOPin {
  public:
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { inverted_ = inverted; }
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ class RP2040GPIOPin final : public InternalGPIOPin {
   gpio::Flags flags_{};
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py
similarity index 74%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py
rename to esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py
index 18fb09f76a..d325131178 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/gpio.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -14,28 +16,30 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
-from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_RP2040, rp2040_ns
+from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_RP2, rp2_ns
 
-RP2040GPIOPin = rp2040_ns.class_("RP2040GPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
+RP2GPIOPin = rp2_ns.class_("RP2GPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
 
 
-def _lookup_pin(value):
-    board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
-    board_pins = boards.RP2040_BOARD_PINS.get(board, {})
+def _lookup_pin(value: str) -> int:
+    board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
+    board_pins = boards.RP2_BOARD_PINS.get(board, {})
 
     while isinstance(board_pins, str):
-        board_pins = boards.RP2040_BOARD_PINS[board_pins]
+        board_pins = boards.RP2_BOARD_PINS[board_pins]
 
     if value in board_pins:
         return board_pins[value]
-    if value in boards.RP2040_BASE_PINS:
-        return boards.RP2040_BASE_PINS[value]
+    if value in boards.RP2_BASE_PINS:
+        return boards.RP2_BASE_PINS[value]
     raise cv.Invalid(f"Cannot resolve pin name '{value}' for board {board}.")
 
 
-def _translate_pin(value):
+def _translate_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
@@ -54,14 +58,14 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
     return _lookup_pin(value)
 
 
-def _board_max_virtual_pin(board):
+def _board_max_virtual_pin(board: str) -> int | None:
     """Get the max CYW43 virtual pin for this board, or None if no virtual pins."""
     return boards.BOARDS.get(board, {}).get("max_virtual_pin")
 
 
-def validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def validate_gpio_pin(value: Any) -> int:
     value = _translate_pin(value)
-    board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
+    board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
     max_virtual = _board_max_virtual_pin(board)
     if max_virtual is not None and boards.CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET <= value <= max_virtual:
         return value
@@ -71,8 +75,8 @@ def validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_supports(value):
-    board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
+def validate_supports(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2][KEY_BOARD]
     if (
         _board_max_virtual_pin(board) is None
         or value[CONF_NUMBER] < boards.CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET
@@ -89,9 +93,9 @@ def validate_supports(value):
     return value
 
 
-RP2040_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+RP2_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     pins.gpio_base_schema(
-        RP2040GPIOPin,
+        RP2GPIOPin,
         validate_gpio_pin,
         modes=pins.GPIO_STANDARD_MODES + (CONF_ANALOG,),
     ),
@@ -99,8 +103,8 @@ RP2040_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-@pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("rp2040", RP2040_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def rp2040_pin_to_code(config):
+@pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("rp2", RP2_PIN_SCHEMA)
+async def rp2_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac1467e5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/hal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include "core.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "crash_handler.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/watchdog.h"
+
+// Empty rp2 namespace block to satisfy ci-custom's lint_namespace check.
+// HAL functions live in namespace esphome (root) — they are not part of the
+// rp2 component's API.
+namespace esphome::rp2 {}  // namespace esphome::rp2
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+// yield(), delay(), micros(), millis(), millis_64(), delayMicroseconds(),
+// arch_feed_wdt(), arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() inlined in components/rp2/hal.h.
+void arch_restart() {
+  watchdog_reboot(0, 0, 10);
+  while (true) {
+  }
+}
+
+void arch_init() {
+#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
+  rp2::crash_handler_read_and_clear();
+#endif
+#if USE_RP2_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
+  watchdog_enable(USE_RP2_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT, false);
+#endif
+}
+
+// clock_get_hz(clk_sys) is the SDK query for the current system clock frequency in Hz.
+uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return clock_get_hz(clk_sys); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/hal.h b/esphome/components/rp2/hal.h
similarity index 84%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/hal.h
rename to esphome/components/rp2/hal.h
index c9c61c921d..ec46937bab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/hal.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ extern "C" unsigned long micros(void);
 extern "C" unsigned long millis(void);
 // NOLINTEND(google-runtime-int,readability-identifier-naming,readability-redundant-declaration)
 
-// Forward decl from <pico/time.h>.
+// Forward decls from <pico/time.h> and the pico-sdk / FreeRTOS port for the
+// inline arch_* wrappers below.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(google-runtime-int,readability-identifier-naming,readability-redundant-declaration)
 extern "C" uint64_t time_us_64(void);
-
-// Forward decls from pico-sdk / FreeRTOS port for the inline arch_*
-// wrappers below.
 extern "C" void watchdog_update(void);
 extern "C" unsigned long ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue(void);
+// NOLINTEND(google-runtime-int,readability-identifier-naming,readability-redundant-declaration)
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {}
+namespace esphome::rp2 {}
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz();
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/helpers.cpp
similarity index 98%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
rename to esphome/components/rp2/helpers.cpp
index 6e5ddad236..a54bcf80f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/helpers.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
@@ -89,4 +89,4 @@ void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parame
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/inject_lwip_include.py.script b/esphome/components/rp2/inject_lwip_include.py.script
similarity index 100%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/inject_lwip_include.py.script
rename to esphome/components/rp2/inject_lwip_include.py.script
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/lwipopts.h.jinja b/esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja
similarity index 71%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/lwipopts.h.jinja
rename to esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja
index 36d7d4da14..2da4f467a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/lwipopts.h.jinja
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/lwipopts.h.jinja
@@ -20,13 +20,24 @@
 #undef TCP_WND
 #define TCP_WND                       {{ TCP_WND }}
 
-// Queued segment limits: derived from 4xMSS buffer size, matching ESP32
+// Per-PCB send queue: derived from 4xMSS buffer size, matching ESP32
 #undef TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
 #define TCP_SND_QUEUELEN              {{ TCP_SND_QUEUELEN }}
 
+// Segment pool: global across every PCB, so it is sized above the per-PCB
+// queue length rather than equal to it. lwIP's sanity check only requires
+// >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN, which is the floor for a single connection.
 #undef MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG
 #define MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG              {{ MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG }}
 
+// lwIP heap backing PBUF_RAM, which is what tcp_write() copies into.
+// Raised from arduino-pico's 16KB: TCP_OVERSIZE is TCP_MSS, so a single PCB
+// at a full TCP_SND_BUF pins about 6KB. Two of those left the 16KB heap at
+// 75%, and mem.c is first-fit, so the largest contiguous run ran out well
+// before the total did.
+#undef MEM_SIZE
+#define MEM_SIZE                      {{ MEM_SIZE }}
+
 // Packet buffer pool: 16 matches ESP32 (down from 24)
 #undef PBUF_POOL_SIZE
 #define PBUF_POOL_SIZE                {{ PBUF_POOL_SIZE }}
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/post_build.py.script b/esphome/components/rp2/post_build.py.script
similarity index 100%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/post_build.py.script
rename to esphome/components/rp2/post_build.py.script
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2/preference_backend.h b/esphome/components/rp2/preference_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5e8a757da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/preference_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::rp2 {
+
+class RP2PreferenceBackend final {
+ public:
+  bool save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  bool load(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  uint32_t type = 0;
+};
+
+class RP2Preferences;
+RP2Preferences *get_preferences();
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2
+
+namespace esphome {
+using PreferenceBackend = rp2::RP2PreferenceBackend;
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/preferences.cpp
similarity index 80%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp
rename to esphome/components/rp2/preferences.cpp
index cfc802b28f..d1e0bc555f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/preferences.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+namespace esphome::rp2 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static bool s_flash_dirty = false;               // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avo
 // No preference can exceed the total flash storage, so stack buffer covers all cases.
 static constexpr size_t PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE;
 
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp)
 extern "C" uint8_t _EEPROM_start;
 
 template<class It> uint8_t calculate_crc(It first, It last, uint32_t type) {
@@ -37,10 +38,10 @@ template<class It> uint8_t calculate_crc(It first, It last, uint32_t type) {
   return crc;
 }
 
-bool RP2040PreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  const size_t buffer_size = len + 1;
-  if (buffer_size > PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
+bool RP2PreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (len >= PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
     return false;
+  const size_t buffer_size = len + 1;
   uint8_t buffer[PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
   memcpy(buffer, data, len);
   buffer[len] = calculate_crc(buffer, buffer + len, this->type);
@@ -58,10 +59,10 @@ bool RP2040PreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool RP2040PreferenceBackend::load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  const size_t buffer_size = len + 1;
-  if (buffer_size > PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
+bool RP2PreferenceBackend::load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (len >= PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
     return false;
+  const size_t buffer_size = len + 1;
   uint8_t buffer[PREF_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_size; i++) {
@@ -80,27 +81,27 @@ bool RP2040PreferenceBackend::load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 
-RP2040Preferences::RP2040Preferences() : eeprom_sector_(&_EEPROM_start) {}
+RP2Preferences::RP2Preferences() : eeprom_sector_(&_EEPROM_start) {}
 
-void RP2040Preferences::setup() {
+void RP2Preferences::setup() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Loading preferences from flash");
   memcpy(s_flash_storage, this->eeprom_sector_, RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE);
 }
 
-ESPPreferenceObject RP2040Preferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
+ESPPreferenceObject RP2Preferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
   uint32_t start = this->current_flash_offset;
   uint32_t end = start + length + 1;
   if (end > RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE) {
     return {};
   }
-  auto *pref = new RP2040PreferenceBackend();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  auto *pref = new RP2PreferenceBackend();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
   pref->offset = start;
   pref->type = type;
   this->current_flash_offset = end;
   return ESPPreferenceObject(pref);
 }
 
-bool RP2040Preferences::sync() {
+bool RP2Preferences::sync() {
   if (!s_flash_dirty)
     return true;
   if (s_prevent_write)
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ bool RP2040Preferences::sync() {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool RP2040Preferences::reset() {
+bool RP2Preferences::reset() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Erasing storage");
   {
     InterruptLock lock;
@@ -133,9 +134,9 @@ bool RP2040Preferences::reset() {
   return true;
 }
 
-static RP2040Preferences s_preferences;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static RP2Preferences s_preferences;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-RP2040Preferences *get_preferences() { return &s_preferences; }
+RP2Preferences *get_preferences() { return &s_preferences; }
 
 void setup_preferences() {
   s_preferences.setup();
@@ -143,10 +144,10 @@ void setup_preferences() {
 }
 void preferences_prevent_write(bool prevent) { s_prevent_write = prevent; }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2
 
 namespace esphome {
 ESPPreferences *global_preferences;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.h b/esphome/components/rp2/preferences.h
similarity index 59%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.h
rename to esphome/components/rp2/preferences.h
index eb8c3e5f64..95f7263883 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/preferences.h
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/preference_backend.h"
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+namespace esphome::rp2 {
 
-class RP2040Preferences final : public PreferencesMixin<RP2040Preferences> {
+class RP2Preferences final : public PreferencesMixin<RP2Preferences> {
  public:
-  using PreferencesMixin<RP2040Preferences>::make_preference;
-  RP2040Preferences();
+  using PreferencesMixin<RP2Preferences>::make_preference;
+  RP2Preferences();
   void setup();
   ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type, bool in_flash) {
     return this->make_preference(length, type);
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ class RP2040Preferences final : public PreferencesMixin<RP2040Preferences> {
 void setup_preferences();
 void preferences_prevent_write(bool prevent);
 
-}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2
 
-DECLARE_PREFERENCE_ALIASES(esphome::rp2040::RP2040Preferences)
+DECLARE_PREFERENCE_ALIASES(esphome::rp2::RP2Preferences)
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2/printf_stubs.cpp
similarity index 90%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp
rename to esphome/components/rp2/printf_stubs.cpp
index c2174a1dec..47cf30b263 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2/printf_stubs.cpp
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
  * Saves ~8.9 KB of flash.
  */
 
-#if defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_FULL_PRINTF)
+#if defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_FULL_PRINTF)
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {}
+namespace esphome::rp2 {}
 
 static constexpr size_t PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ static int write_printf_buffer(FILE *stream, char *buf, int len) {
   if (write_len >= PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE) {
     fwrite(buf, 1, PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, stream);
     // Use fwrite for the message to avoid recursive __wrap_printf call
-    static const char msg[] = "\nprintf buffer overflow\n";
-    fwrite(msg, 1, sizeof(msg) - 1, stream);
+    static const char MSG[] = "\nprintf buffer overflow\n";
+    fwrite(MSG, 1, sizeof(MSG) - 1, stream);
     abort();
   }
   if (fwrite(buf, 1, write_len, stream) < write_len || ferror(stream)) {
@@ -71,4 +71,4 @@ int __wrap_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, ...) {
 }  // extern "C"
 // NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040 && !USE_FULL_PRINTF
+#endif  // USE_RP2 && !USE_FULL_PRINTF
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2 b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2
deleted file mode 100644
index 989fb83701..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# Auto-generated by generate_boards.py — do not edit manually
-# To regenerate: python esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
-
-# arduino-pico maps pins >= {{ cyw43_gpio_offset }} to CYW43 wireless chip GPIOs
-CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET = {{ cyw43_gpio_offset }}
-CYW43_MAX_GPIO = {{ cyw43_max_gpio }}
-DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = {{ default_max_pin }}
-
-RP2040_BASE_PINS = {}
-
-RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
-{%- for name, pins in board_pins %}
-    {{ name | repr }}: {{ pins | format_pins }},
-{%- endfor %}
-}
-
-BOARDS = {
-{%- for name, info in boards %}
-    {{ name | repr }}: {
-    {%- for key, value in info.items() %}
-        {{ key | repr }}: {{ value | repr }},
-    {%- endfor %}
-    },
-{%- endfor %}
-}
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 11f23ccfef..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-
-// HAL functions live in hal.cpp. core.cpp is intentionally empty for
-// rp2040 — there is no extra component bootstrap to keep here.
-
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.h b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.h
deleted file mode 100644
index db8937a8a3..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include <pico.h>
-
-extern "C" unsigned long ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue();
-
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
-
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/hal.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/hal.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e71d3fd54d..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/hal.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-
-#include "core.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "crash_handler.h"
-#endif
-
-#include "hardware/watchdog.h"
-
-// Empty rp2040 namespace block to satisfy ci-custom's lint_namespace check.
-// HAL functions live in namespace esphome (root) — they are not part of the
-// rp2040 component's API.
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
-
-namespace esphome {
-
-// yield(), delay(), micros(), millis(), millis_64(), delayMicroseconds(),
-// arch_feed_wdt(), arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() inlined in components/rp2040/hal.h.
-void arch_restart() {
-  watchdog_reboot(0, 0, 10);
-  while (1) {
-    continue;
-  }
-}
-
-void arch_init() {
-#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
-  rp2040::crash_handler_read_and_clear();
-#endif
-#if USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
-  watchdog_enable(USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT, false);
-#endif
-}
-
-uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return RP2040::f_cpu(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/preference_backend.h b/esphome/components/rp2040/preference_backend.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 790ee8831d..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/preference_backend.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace esphome::rp2040 {
-
-class RP2040PreferenceBackend final {
- public:
-  bool save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
-  bool load(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
-
-  size_t offset = 0;
-  uint32_t type = 0;
-};
-
-class RP2040Preferences;
-RP2040Preferences *get_preferences();
-
-}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
-
-namespace esphome {
-using PreferenceBackend = rp2040::RP2040PreferenceBackend;
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
index 648f22691c..d2a08e9fc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2040"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
 
+CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID = "rp2040_ble_id"
+
+KEY_RP2040_BLE = "rp2040_ble"
+KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS = "used_connection_slots"
+
+# Hard platform cap on concurrent GATT connections: the BTstack pool overrides
+# in btstack_memory.cpp are sized from ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT with this
+# as the ceiling. 3 matches the esp32 default and stays within the
+# controller's resources (MAX_NR_CONTROLLER_ACL_BUFFERS 3).
+MAX_CONNECTIONS = 3
+
 rp2040_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2040_ble")
 RP2040BLE = rp2040_ble_ns.class_("RP2040BLE", cg.Component)
 
@@ -17,6 +31,78 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
+def _validate_board(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    from esphome.components.rp2 import board_has_wifi, get_board
+
+    if not board_has_wifi():
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Board '{get_board()}' does not have Bluetooth support (no CYW43 wireless "
+            f"chip). Use a board like 'rpipicow' or 'rpipico2w'."
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+def consume_connection_slots(
+    value: int, consumer: str
+) -> Callable[[MutableMapping], MutableMapping]:
+    """Reserve BLE connection slots for a component (the esp32_ble pattern);
+    the total is checked against MAX_CONNECTIONS in final validation."""
+
+    def _consume_connection_slots(config: MutableMapping) -> MutableMapping:
+        data: dict = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_RP2040_BLE, {})
+        slots: list[str] = data.setdefault(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
+        slots.extend([consumer] * value)
+        return config
+
+    return _consume_connection_slots
+
+
+def validate_connection_slots() -> None:
+    """Fail when consumers claimed more slots than the platform cap."""
+    # Skip in testing mode to allow component grouping (esp32_ble parity).
+    if CORE.testing_mode:
+        return
+    used = CORE.data.get(KEY_RP2040_BLE, {}).get(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
+    if len(used) > MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"BLE components require {len(used)} connection slots but the "
+            f"rp2 maximum is {MAX_CONNECTIONS}. "
+            f"Components: {', '.join(used)}"
+        )
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    _validate_board(config)
+    validate_connection_slots()
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+# Once per registered scan listener; sizes the controller's StaticVector
+# listener storage.
+request_scan_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT")
+
+# The four btstack_memory accessors whose static pools are baked into the
+# prebuilt liblwip-bt.a; every internal use crosses an object boundary in the
+# archive, so --wrap intercepts them all (see btstack_memory.cpp).
+_BTSTACK_POOL_SYMBOLS = (
+    "btstack_memory_gatt_client_get",
+    "btstack_memory_gatt_client_free",
+    "btstack_memory_hci_connection_get",
+    "btstack_memory_hci_connection_free",
+)
+
+
+def add_btstack_pool_overrides() -> None:
+    """Emit the --wrap flags that swap the prebuilt BTstack pools for the
+    ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT-sized ones in btstack_memory.cpp. Called by
+    bluetooth_connection when a second GATT backend registers; idempotent
+    (build flags are a set)."""
+    for symbol in _BTSTACK_POOL_SYMBOLS:
+        cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
+
+
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8af57924a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Replaces the gatt_client / hci_connection static pools baked into
+// arduino-pico's prebuilt liblwip-bt.a (built with MAX_NR_GATT_CLIENTS 1,
+// MAX_NR_HCI_CONNECTIONS 2) with pools sized from ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT.
+// add_btstack_pool_overrides() in this component's codegen emits the matching
+// -Wl,--wrap flags, requested by bluetooth_connection when more than one GATT
+// backend registers; single-backend builds emit no flags and this file
+// compiles to nothing, leaving the prebuilt pools in charge. Layout safety:
+// the framework defines ENABLE_CLASSIC / ENABLE_BLE for every user TU
+// whenever PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH is set (this component
+// always sets it), so sizeof() here matches the archive.
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && (ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT > 1)
+
+#include <btstack.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040_ble {
+namespace {
+
+// Pinned against arduino-pico 6.0.0's prebuilt archives: a framework bump (or
+// a changed ENABLE_* macro) shifting the struct layout must fail the build
+// here, not overrun the pool blocks at runtime. Sizes differ per core
+// architecture (measured from each archive's own storage symbols). GCC only:
+// the clang-tidy frontend lays these structs out differently, and the guard
+// targets the real link.
+#ifndef __clang__
+#ifdef __riscv
+static_assert(sizeof(gatt_client_t) == 140 && sizeof(hci_connection_t) == 3740, "BTstack layout changed");
+#else
+static_assert(sizeof(gatt_client_t) == 128 && sizeof(hci_connection_t) == 3688, "BTstack layout changed");
+#endif
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// One gatt_client_t per configured connection slot. An hci_connection_t is
+// held from gap_connect() to DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE (scanning holds none);
+// +1 mirrors the prebuilt library's own headroom (2 connections for 1 GATT
+// client) so a teardown/re-connect overlap can never starve a slot.
+constexpr int HCI_CONNECTION_POOL_SIZE = ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT + 1;
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,cert-err58-cpp)
+gatt_client_t gatt_client_storage[ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT];
+btstack_memory_pool_t gatt_client_pool;
+hci_connection_t hci_connection_storage[HCI_CONNECTION_POOL_SIZE];
+btstack_memory_pool_t hci_connection_pool;
+
+// Static init: pool_create only links a free list through its own storage,
+// and BTstack first allocates long after static construction.
+struct PoolInit {
+  PoolInit() {
+    btstack_memory_pool_create(&gatt_client_pool, gatt_client_storage, ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT,
+                               sizeof(gatt_client_t));
+    btstack_memory_pool_create(&hci_connection_pool, hci_connection_storage, HCI_CONNECTION_POOL_SIZE,
+                               sizeof(hci_connection_t));
+  }
+} pool_init;
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,cert-err58-cpp)
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Exact semantics of btstack_memory.c's static-pool arm: zeroed block on
+// success, NULL when exhausted; free returns the block to the pool. The
+// prebuilt pools stay resident in .bss (~7.4 KB, kept live by
+// btstack_memory_init in the archive) — dead weight here, not a leak.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+extern "C" gatt_client_t *__real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_get(void);
+extern "C" void __real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_free(gatt_client_t *gatt_client);
+extern "C" hci_connection_t *__real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_get(void);
+extern "C" void __real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_free(hci_connection_t *hci_connection);
+
+namespace {
+// Fails the link if the corresponding --wrap flag is missing: __real_* only
+// exists while --wrap is in effect, and each wrap function anchors its own
+// symbol so dropping any single flag fails loudly. A code reference is used
+// because the framework links with --gc-sections, which discards an
+// unreferenced data anchor regardless of [[gnu::used]] (and this toolchain
+// does not emit SHF_GNU_RETAIN for [[gnu::retain]]).
+template<typename T> void anchor_wrap(T *symbol) { asm volatile("" ::"r"(symbol)); }
+}  // namespace
+
+extern "C" {
+
+gatt_client_t *__wrap_btstack_memory_gatt_client_get(void) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_get);
+  void *buffer = btstack_memory_pool_get(&gatt_client_pool);
+  if (buffer != nullptr) {
+    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(gatt_client_t));
+  }
+  return static_cast<gatt_client_t *>(buffer);
+}
+
+void __wrap_btstack_memory_gatt_client_free(gatt_client_t *gatt_client) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_gatt_client_free);
+  btstack_memory_pool_free(&gatt_client_pool, gatt_client);
+}
+
+hci_connection_t *__wrap_btstack_memory_hci_connection_get(void) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_get);
+  void *buffer = btstack_memory_pool_get(&hci_connection_pool);
+  if (buffer != nullptr) {
+    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(hci_connection_t));
+  }
+  return static_cast<hci_connection_t *>(buffer);
+}
+
+void __wrap_btstack_memory_hci_connection_free(hci_connection_t *hci_connection) {
+  anchor_wrap(&__real_btstack_memory_hci_connection_free);
+  btstack_memory_pool_free(&hci_connection_pool, hci_connection);
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2040_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT > 1
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
index 4125da7ec0..80e8bf9415 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,13 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040_BLE
 
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <BluetoothLock.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
 namespace esphome::rp2040_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "rp2040_ble";
@@ -14,6 +19,20 @@ RP2040BLE *global_ble = nullptr;
 void RP2040BLE::setup() {
   global_ble = this;
 
+  // Pre-create every pool entry so the packet handler's allocate() is always a
+  // free-list pop — the IRQ path must never reach malloc() (the newlib malloc
+  // lock is not IRQ-safe). Deliberately
+  // unconditional: warming lazily on the first scan would move the allocations
+  // after setup, and doing it here keeps the pool's RAM cost visible at
+  // startup instead of appearing once scanning begins. On an incomplete warm,
+  // refuse to run instead (the stack is never enabled, so the packet handler
+  // cannot fire).
+  if (!this->report_pool_.warm()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan report pool warm-up failed");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (this->enable_on_boot_) {
     this->enable();
   } else {
@@ -31,31 +50,50 @@ void RP2040BLE::enable() {
   this->active_logged_ = false;
 
   if (!this->btstack_initialized_) {
+    // Serialize with the BTstack background worker while wiring the stack up
+    // (arduino-pico's BluetoothHCI::install() takes the same lock here).
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+
     // BTstack init functions are not idempotent — only call once
     l2cap_init();
     sm_init();
 
-    this->hci_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler_;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+    gatt_client_init();
+    // The GATT engine kicks the MTU exchange explicitly right after a
+    // connection completes (auto negotiation would only run on the first
+    // query, which a with-cache connection never issues).
+    gatt_client_mtu_enable_auto_negotiation(0);
+    // Just-works security for peripheral-initiated pairing.
+    sm_set_io_capabilities(IO_CAPABILITY_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT);
+    sm_set_authentication_requirements(SM_AUTHREQ_BONDING);
+#endif
+
+    this->hci_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler;
     hci_add_event_handler(&this->hci_event_callback_registration_);
 
-    this->sm_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler_;
+    this->sm_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler;
     sm_add_event_handler(&this->sm_event_callback_registration_);
 
     this->btstack_initialized_ = true;
   }
 
+  BluetoothLock lock;
   hci_power_control(HCI_POWER_ON);
 }
 
 void RP2040BLE::disable() {
-  if (this->state_ == BLEComponentState::DISABLED || this->state_ == BLEComponentState::OFF) {
+  if (this->state_ == BLEComponentState::DISABLED || this->state_ == BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF) {
     return;
   }
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Disabling BLE...");
   this->state_ = BLEComponentState::DISABLING;
 
-  hci_power_control(HCI_POWER_OFF);
+  {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    hci_power_control(HCI_POWER_OFF);
+  }
 
   this->state_ = BLEComponentState::DISABLED;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE disabled");
@@ -64,13 +102,37 @@ void RP2040BLE::disable() {
 void RP2040BLE::loop() {
   if (this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ACTIVE && !this->active_logged_) {
     this->active_logged_ = true;
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "BLE active");
+    // The controller address becomes readable once HCI reaches WORKING.
+    // bd_addr_to_str() formats into a BTstack-internal static buffer, so both
+    // calls stay under the lock like every other BTstack call from the loop.
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    gap_local_bd_addr(this->ble_mac_);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "BLE active (MAC %s)", bd_addr_to_str(this->ble_mac_));
+  }
+
+  // Drain the lock-free ring filled by the BTstack packet handler; all
+  // per-report work runs here on the main loop, then the report returns to
+  // the pool.
+  BLEScanReport *report = this->report_queue_.pop();
+  if (report == nullptr)
+    return;
+  do {
+#ifdef RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+    for (auto *listener : this->scan_listeners_)
+      listener->on_scan_report(*report);
+#endif
+    this->report_pool_.release(report);
+  } while ((report = this->report_queue_.pop()) != nullptr);
+
+  uint16_t dropped = this->report_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (dropped > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u scan reports (queue full)", dropped);
   }
 }
 
 static const char *state_to_str(BLEComponentState state) {
   switch (state) {
-    case BLEComponentState::OFF:
+    case BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF:
       return "OFF";
     case BLEComponentState::ENABLING:
       return "ENABLING";
@@ -95,7 +157,7 @@ void RP2040BLE::dump_config() {
 
 float RP2040BLE::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BLUETOOTH; }
 
-void RP2040BLE::packet_handler_(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+void RP2040BLE::packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
   if (global_ble == nullptr) {
     return;
   }
@@ -114,11 +176,116 @@ void RP2040BLE::packet_handler_(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet,
       }
       break;
     }
+    case GAP_EVENT_ADVERTISING_REPORT: {
+      // Runs in the CYW43 async-context worker (low-priority IRQ), NOT the
+      // ESPHome main loop: bounded copy into the lock-free queue only.
+      bd_addr_t addr;  // accessor returns printable (MSB-first) order
+      gap_event_advertising_report_get_address(packet, addr);
+      uint8_t mac_lsb[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+      reverse_bd_addr(addr, mac_lsb);  // LSB-first, the BLE convention consumers expect
+      global_ble->enqueue_scan_report_(mac_lsb, static_cast<int8_t>(gap_event_advertising_report_get_rssi(packet)),
+                                       gap_event_advertising_report_get_address_type(packet),
+                                       gap_event_advertising_report_get_advertising_event_type(packet),
+                                       gap_event_advertising_report_get_data(packet),
+                                       gap_event_advertising_report_get_data_length(packet));
+      break;
+    }
     default:
       break;
   }
 }
 
+// The analyzer traces a leak on the failed-push path, which cannot happen: the
+// pool is sized to the queue capacity (SIZE-1), so allocate() returns nullptr
+// before push() can find the ring full.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+void RP2040BLE::enqueue_scan_report_(const uint8_t *mac_lsb_first, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type,
+                                     uint8_t adv_event_type, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t data_len) {
+  BLEScanReport *report = this->report_pool_.allocate();
+  if (report == nullptr) {
+    // Pool exhausted — the queue is full; count and drop.
+    this->report_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+    return;
+  }
+  memcpy(report->mac, mac_lsb_first, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  report->rssi = rssi;
+  report->addr_type = addr_type;
+  report->adv_event_type = adv_event_type;
+  report->data_len =
+      (data_len <= sizeof(report->data)) ? static_cast<uint8_t>(data_len) : static_cast<uint8_t>(sizeof(report->data));
+  memcpy(report->data, data, report->data_len);
+  this->report_queue_.push(report);
+}
+// NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc)
+
+void RP2040BLE::get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
+  memcpy(out, this->ble_mac_, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+}
+
+bool RP2040BLE::scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active) {
+  if (!this->is_active()) {
+    // Power control stays with the user (enable_on_boot or an explicit
+    // enable() call) — auto-enabling here would defeat enable_on_boot: false
+    // the moment a tracker retries. Callers retry until the stack is up.
+    return false;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  this->scan_interval_ = interval;
+  this->scan_window_ = window;
+  this->scan_active_mode_ = active;
+  this->scan_desired_ = true;
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_ > 0) {
+    // A connect attempt owns the radio; the scan starts physically when the
+    // inhibit is released. Report success — the controller will run it.
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan start deferred (connect in progress)");
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif
+  // Serialize with the BTstack background worker (arduino-pico's BluetoothHCI
+  // takes the same lock around its gap_* calls).
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  gap_set_scan_params(active ? 1 : 0, interval, window, 0 /* accept all */);
+  gap_start_scan();
+  return true;
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::scan_stop() {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  this->scan_desired_ = false;
+#endif
+  if (!this->is_active()) {
+    return;  // nothing can be scanning on a stack that is not up
+  }
+  BluetoothLock lock;
+  gap_stop_scan();
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+void RP2040BLE::inhibit_scan() {
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_++ != 0) {
+    return;  // another connect attempt already owns the radio
+  }
+  if (this->scan_desired_ && this->is_active()) {
+    BluetoothLock lock;
+    gap_stop_scan();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::release_scan_inhibit() {
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_ == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->scan_inhibit_count_--;
+  if (this->scan_inhibit_count_ != 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->scan_desired_) {
+    // One physical-start path: scan_start re-applies the remembered params.
+    this->scan_start(this->scan_interval_, this->scan_window_, this->scan_active_mode_);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2040_ble
 
 #endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
index 885e49f690..263a32106b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
@@ -5,19 +5,60 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040_BLE
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
 
 #include <btstack.h>
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace esphome::rp2040_ble {
 
 enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
-  OFF = 0,
+  STATE_OFF = 0,
   ENABLING,
   ACTIVE,
   DISABLING,
   DISABLED,
 };
 
+/// One advertisement report from the controller.
+struct BLEScanReport {
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];  // LSB-first, as the controller delivers it
+  int8_t rssi;                    // signed dBm
+  uint8_t addr_type;
+  uint8_t adv_event_type;  // GAP advertising event type (ADV_IND .. SCAN_RSP); lets a merger tell the two apart
+  uint8_t data_len;        // bytes valid in data[]
+  // Legacy advertisement (31) + scan response (31). BTstack delivers the two
+  // as separate reports, so each report fills at most 31 bytes today; the 62
+  // matches the API raw-advertisement contract. adv_event_type is what lets a
+  // future merge point tell the two frames apart — carrying it beyond this
+  // struct (RawAdvertisement) is deferred until a consumer needs the merge.
+  uint8_t data[62];
+
+  // EventPool contract: nothing is heap-allocated inside a report.
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+/// Consumer interface for controller scan reports. on_scan_report() always
+/// runs on the ESPHome main loop: reports are queued from the BTstack packet
+/// handler (CYW43 async-context IRQ) and drained by the controller's loop(),
+/// so consumers never deal with cross-context state (the esp32_ble
+/// event-queue pattern).
+class BLEScanListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void on_scan_report(const BLEScanReport &report) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ~BLEScanListener() = default;  // deletion via this interface is not part of the contract
+};
+
+// Maximum reports buffered between the packet handler and loop(). The producer
+// is a same-core IRQ and loop() drains the ring every iteration, so only the
+// advertisements of a single loop period can accumulate.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE = 32;
+
 class RP2040BLE final : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -31,16 +72,84 @@ class RP2040BLE final : public Component {
 
   void set_enable_on_boot(bool enable_on_boot) { this->enable_on_boot_ = enable_on_boot; }
 
+  /// Controller BLE address in printable (MSB-first) order, as
+  /// gap_local_bd_addr() delivers it — note BLEScanReport::mac is the opposite
+  /// (LSB-first) order, hence the explicit names. All zeros until the stack
+  /// reports ACTIVE (BTstack reads the address from the controller during
+  /// power-up).
+  void get_mac_msb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const;
+
+#ifdef RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+  /// Register a consumer for scan reports (delivered on the main loop via loop()).
+  /// Storage is codegen-sized: the consumer's codegen requests a slot via
+  /// request_scan_listener_slot(), which emits RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT.
+  void register_scan_listener(BLEScanListener *listener) { this->scan_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+#endif
+
+  /// Start a controller scan; active sends scan requests and receives scan
+  /// responses as separate reports. Interval/window are in BLE units
+  /// (0.625 ms). Returns false until the stack is ACTIVE (callers retry — the
+  /// tracker's rate-limited retry loop); powering the stack on stays with the
+  /// user (enable_on_boot or an explicit enable() call). The controller keeps
+  /// no scan state across power cycles: a disable()/enable() cycle ends the
+  /// scan, and the caller must call scan_start() again once the stack is back
+  /// to ACTIVE (the tracker's loop() reconciliation does exactly that).
+  /// While a GATT connect attempt has the scan inhibited, the desired scan is
+  /// remembered and started physically when the inhibit is released.
+  bool scan_start(uint16_t interval, uint16_t window, bool active);
+  /// Stop the controller scan (no-op when not scanning).
+  void scan_stop();
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  /// Pause the physical scan for the duration of a GATT connect attempt
+  /// (initiating and scanning contend for the radio). The desired scan state
+  /// set through scan_start()/scan_stop() is remembered and reconciled by
+  /// release_scan_inhibit(). Holders must guarantee the release on every
+  /// abort path (the GATT engine reclaims via its connect timeout).
+  void inhibit_scan();
+  void release_scan_inhibit();
+#endif
+
  protected:
-  static void packet_handler_(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+  static void packet_handler(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+
+  /// Buffer one controller report (BTstack packet handler, CYW43 async-context
+  /// IRQ — bounded copy into the lock-free queue, nothing else).
+  void enqueue_scan_report_(const uint8_t *mac_lsb_first, int8_t rssi, uint8_t addr_type, uint8_t adv_event_type,
+                            const uint8_t *data, uint16_t data_len);
+
+#ifdef RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Codegen-sized: no heap allocation, no std::vector template instantiation —
+  // the same StaticVector pattern as the tracker's ble_device_base listeners.
+  StaticVector<BLEScanListener *, RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT> scan_listeners_;
+#endif
+  // Report ring: the BTstack packet handler (async-context IRQ) allocates a
+  // report from the pool, fills it and pushes the pointer; loop() pops,
+  // dispatches and releases. Lock-free SPSC — the esp32_ble/bk72xx_ble pattern.
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE> report_queue_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1): the ring reserves one slot, so
+  // allocate() returns nullptr before push() can fail. This prevents leaking a
+  // pool slot on a failed push and keeps release() off the producer path.
+  esphome::EventPool<BLEScanReport, MAX_SCAN_REPORT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> report_pool_;
 
   btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_callback_registration_{};
   btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_callback_registration_{};
 
-  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::OFF};
+  uint8_t ble_mac_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]{0};  // printable (MSB-first) order; zeros until ACTIVE
+  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::STATE_OFF};
   bool enable_on_boot_{true};
   bool btstack_initialized_{false};
   bool active_logged_{false};
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+  // Remembered scan intent, so connect attempts can pause the physical scan
+  // and restore it afterwards without involving the tracker. Counted so
+  // overlapping connect attempts compose once multiple slots exist.
+  uint16_t scan_interval_{0};
+  uint16_t scan_window_{0};
+  uint8_t scan_inhibit_count_{0};
+  bool scan_active_mode_{false};
+  bool scan_desired_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index 8afba6ba1d..1f4bea9ecd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "led_strip.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -14,26 +14,15 @@
 
 namespace esphome::rp2040_pio_led_strip {
 
-static const char *TAG = "rp2040_pio_led_strip";
-
-static uint8_t num_instance_[2] = {0, 0};
-static std::map<Chipset, uint> chipset_offsets_ = {
-    {CHIPSET_WS2812, 0}, {CHIPSET_WS2812B, 0}, {CHIPSET_SK6812, 0}, {CHIPSET_SM16703, 0}, {CHIPSET_CUSTOM, 0},
-};
-static std::map<Chipset, bool> conf_count_ = {
-    {CHIPSET_WS2812, false},  {CHIPSET_WS2812B, false}, {CHIPSET_SK6812, false},
-    {CHIPSET_SM16703, false}, {CHIPSET_CUSTOM, false},
-};
-static bool dma_chan_active_[12];
-static struct semaphore dma_write_complete_sem_[12];
+static const char *const TAG = "rp2040_pio_led_strip";
 
 // DMA interrupt service routine
-void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_handler_() {
+void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_handler() {
   uint32_t channel = dma_hw->ints0;
   for (uint dma_chan = 0; dma_chan < 12; ++dma_chan) {
-    if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_chan_active_[dma_chan] && (channel & (1u << dma_chan))) {
-      dma_hw->ints0 = (1u << dma_chan);                                               // Clear the interrupt
-      sem_release(&RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_sem_[dma_chan]);  // Handle the interrupt
+    if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_chan_active[dma_chan] && (channel & (1u << dma_chan))) {
+      dma_hw->ints0 = (1u << dma_chan);                                              // Clear the interrupt
+      sem_release(&RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_sem[dma_chan]);  // Handle the interrupt
     }
   }
 }
@@ -69,22 +58,22 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
   // but there are only 4 state machines on each PIO so we can only have 4 strips per PIO
   uint offset = 0;
 
-  if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::num_instance_[this->pio_ == pio0 ? 0 : 1] >= 4) {
+  if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::num_instance[this->pio_ == pio0 ? 0 : 1] >= 4) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Too many instances of PIO program");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
   // keep track of how many instances of the PIO program are running on each PIO
-  RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::num_instance_[this->pio_ == pio0 ? 0 : 1]++;
+  RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::num_instance[this->pio_ == pio0 ? 0 : 1]++;
 
   // if there are multiple strips of the same chipset, we can reuse the same PIO program and save space
-  if (this->conf_count_[this->chipset_]) {
-    offset = RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::chipset_offsets_[this->chipset_];
+  if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::conf_count[this->chipset_]) {
+    offset = RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::chipset_offsets[this->chipset_];
   } else {
     // Load the assembled program into the PIO and get its location in the PIO's instruction memory and save it
     offset = pio_add_program(this->pio_, this->program_);
-    RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::chipset_offsets_[this->chipset_] = offset;
-    RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::conf_count_[this->chipset_] = true;
+    RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::chipset_offsets[this->chipset_] = offset;
+    RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::conf_count[this->chipset_] = true;
   }
 
   // Configure the state machine's PIO, and start it
@@ -106,7 +95,7 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
   }
 
   // Mark the DMA channel as active
-  RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_chan_active_[this->dma_chan_] = true;
+  RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_chan_active[this->dma_chan_] = true;
 
   this->dma_config_ = dma_channel_get_default_config(this->dma_chan_);
   channel_config_set_transfer_data_size(
@@ -118,18 +107,18 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
                           pio_get_dreq(this->pio_, this->sm_, true));  // set the DREQ to the state machine's TX FIFO
 
   dma_channel_configure(this->dma_chan_, &this->dma_config_,
-                        &this->pio_->txf[this->sm_],                     // write to the state machine's TX FIFO
-                        this->buf_,                                      // read from memory
-                        this->is_rgbw_ ? num_leds_ * 4 : num_leds_ * 3,  // number of bytes to transfer
-                        false                                            // don't start yet
+                        &this->pio_->txf[this->sm_],  // write to the state machine's TX FIFO
+                        this->buf_,                   // read from memory
+                        this->get_buffer_size_(),     // number of bytes to transfer
+                        false                         // don't start yet
   );
 
   // Initialize the semaphore for this DMA channel
-  sem_init(&RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_sem_[this->dma_chan_], 1, 1);
+  sem_init(&RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_sem[this->dma_chan_], 1, 1);
 
-  irq_set_exclusive_handler(DMA_IRQ_0, dma_write_complete_handler_);  // after DMA all data, raise an interrupt
-  dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(this->dma_chan_, true);                // map DMA channel to interrupt
-  irq_set_enabled(DMA_IRQ_0, true);                                   // enable interrupt
+  irq_set_exclusive_handler(DMA_IRQ_0, dma_write_complete_handler);  // after DMA all data, raise an interrupt
+  dma_channel_set_irq0_enabled(this->dma_chan_, true);               // map DMA channel to interrupt
+  irq_set_enabled(DMA_IRQ_0, true);                                  // enable interrupt
 
   this->init_(this->pio_, this->sm_, offset, this->pin_, this->max_refresh_rate_);
 }
@@ -148,63 +137,30 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
   }
 
   // the bits are already in the correct order for the pio program so we can just copy the buffer using DMA
-  sem_acquire_blocking(&RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_sem_[this->dma_chan_]);
+  sem_acquire_blocking(&RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dma_write_complete_sem[this->dma_chan_]);
   dma_channel_transfer_from_buffer_now(this->dma_chan_, this->buf_, this->get_buffer_size_());
 }
 
 light::ESPColorView RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::get_view_internal(int32_t index) const {
-  int32_t r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, w = 0;
-  switch (this->rgb_order_) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      r = 0;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 2;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 0;
-      b = 1;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      r = 2;
-      g = 1;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      r = 1;
-      g = 2;
-      b = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-  uint8_t multiplier = this->is_rgbw_ ? 4 : 3;
-  return {this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + r,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + g,
-          this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + b,
-          this->is_rgbw_ ? this->buf_ + (index * multiplier) + 3 : nullptr,
+  const light::ChannelColors &colors = this->channel_colors_;
+  uint8_t *led = this->buf_ + (index * colors.bytes_per_led());
+  return {led + colors.r,
+          led + colors.g,
+          led + colors.b,
+          colors.has_white() ? led + colors.w : nullptr,
           &this->effect_data_[index],
           &this->correction_};
 }
 
 void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
+  char channel_colors[5];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "RP2040 PIO LED Strip Light Output:\n"
                 "  Pin: GPIO%d\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %d\n"
-                "  RGBW: %s\n"
-                "  RGB Order: %s\n"
+                "  Channel colors: %s\n"
                 "  Max Refresh Rate: %f Hz",
-                this->pin_, this->num_leds_, YESNO(this->is_rgbw_), rgb_order_to_string(this->rgb_order_),
-                this->max_refresh_rate_);
+                this->pin_, this->num_leds_, this->channel_colors_.to_string(channel_colors), this->max_refresh_rate_);
 }
 
 float RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h
index aaa5b0842d..b2162f641d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.h
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/channel_colors.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
 
 #include <hardware/dma.h>
@@ -18,15 +19,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::rp2040_pio_led_strip {
 
-enum RGBOrder : uint8_t {
-  ORDER_RGB,
-  ORDER_RBG,
-  ORDER_GRB,
-  ORDER_GBR,
-  ORDER_BGR,
-  ORDER_BRG,
-};
-
 enum Chipset : uint8_t {
   CHIPSET_WS2812,
   CHIPSET_WS2812B,
@@ -36,25 +28,6 @@ enum Chipset : uint8_t {
   CHIPSET_CUSTOM = 0xFF,
 };
 
-inline const char *rgb_order_to_string(RGBOrder order) {
-  switch (order) {
-    case ORDER_RGB:
-      return "RGB";
-    case ORDER_RBG:
-      return "RBG";
-    case ORDER_GRB:
-      return "GRB";
-    case ORDER_GBR:
-      return "GBR";
-    case ORDER_BGR:
-      return "BGR";
-    case ORDER_BRG:
-      return "BRG";
-    default:
-      return "UNKNOWN";
-  }
-}
-
 using init_fn = void (*)(PIO pio, uint sm, uint offset, uint pin, float freq);
 
 class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
@@ -66,13 +39,14 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   int32_t size() const override { return this->num_leds_; }
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override {
     auto traits = light::LightTraits();
-    this->is_rgbw_ ? traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE})
-                   : traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
+    this->channel_colors_.has_white()
+        ? traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE, light::ColorMode::WHITE})
+        : traits.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB});
     return traits;
   }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_num_leds(uint32_t num_leds) { this->num_leds_ = num_leds; }
-  void set_is_rgbw(bool is_rgbw) { this->is_rgbw_ = is_rgbw; }
+  void set_channel_colors(light::ChannelColors channel_colors) { this->channel_colors_ = channel_colors; }
 
   void set_max_refresh_rate(float interval_us) { this->max_refresh_rate_ = interval_us; }
 
@@ -81,7 +55,6 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   void set_init_function(init_fn init) { this->init_ = init; }
 
   void set_chipset(Chipset chipset) { this->chipset_ = chipset; };
-  void set_rgb_order(RGBOrder rgb_order) { this->rgb_order_ = rgb_order; }
   void clear_effect_data() override {
     for (int i = 0; i < this->size(); i++) {
       this->effect_data_[i] = 0;
@@ -93,23 +66,22 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
  protected:
   light::ESPColorView get_view_internal(int32_t index) const override;
 
-  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * (3 + this->is_rgbw_); }
+  size_t get_buffer_size_() const { return this->num_leds_ * this->channel_colors_.bytes_per_led(); }
 
-  static void dma_write_complete_handler_();
+  static void dma_write_complete_handler();
 
   uint8_t *buf_{nullptr};
   uint8_t *effect_data_{nullptr};
 
   uint8_t pin_;
   uint32_t num_leds_;
-  bool is_rgbw_;
 
   pio_hw_t *pio_;
   uint sm_;
   uint dma_chan_;
   dma_channel_config dma_config_;
 
-  RGBOrder rgb_order_{ORDER_RGB};
+  light::ChannelColors channel_colors_{0, 1, 2, light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE};
   Chipset chipset_{CHIPSET_CUSTOM};
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
@@ -119,13 +91,13 @@ class RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
   init_fn init_;
 
  private:
-  inline static int num_instance_[2];
-  inline static std::map<Chipset, bool> conf_count_;
-  inline static std::map<Chipset, int> chipset_offsets_;
-  inline static bool dma_chan_active_[12];
-  inline static struct semaphore dma_write_complete_sem_[12];
+  inline static int num_instance[2];
+  inline static std::map<Chipset, bool> conf_count;
+  inline static std::map<Chipset, int> chipset_offsets;
+  inline static bool dma_chan_active[12];
+  inline static struct semaphore dma_write_complete_sem[12];
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2040_pio_led_strip
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py
index 274f059bd5..5b7259f9e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/light.py
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import light, rp2040
+from esphome.components import light, rp2
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHIPSET,
@@ -13,10 +14,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import _LOGGER
 
 
-def get_nops(timing):
+def get_nops(timing: float) -> list[float | str]:
     """
     Calculate the number of NOP instructions required to wait for a given amount of time.
     """
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ def get_nops(timing):
     return nops
 
 
-def generate_assembly_code(id, rgbw, t0h, t0l, t1h, t1l):
+def generate_assembly_code(id: str, t0h: int, t0l: int, t1h: int, t1l: int) -> str:
     """
     Generate assembly code with the given timing values.
     """
@@ -123,24 +125,22 @@ writezero:
     return assembly_template + const_csdk_code
 
 
-def time_to_cycles(time_us):
+def time_to_cycles(time_us: float) -> int:
     cycles_per_us = 57.5
     return round(float(time_us) * cycles_per_us)
 
 
 CONF_PIO = "pio"
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["rp2040_pio"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["rp2_pio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Papa-DMan"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2040"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 
 rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2040_pio_led_strip")
 RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput = rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns.class_(
     "RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput", light.AddressableLight
 )
 
-RGBOrder = rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns.enum("RGBOrder")
-
 Chipset = rp2040_pio_led_strip_ns.enum("Chipset")
 
 CHIPSETS = {
@@ -159,15 +159,6 @@ class LEDStripTimings:
     T1L: int
 
 
-RGB_ORDERS = {
-    "RGB": RGBOrder.ORDER_RGB,
-    "RBG": RGBOrder.ORDER_RBG,
-    "GRB": RGBOrder.ORDER_GRB,
-    "GBR": RGBOrder.ORDER_GBR,
-    "BGR": RGBOrder.ORDER_BGR,
-    "BRG": RGBOrder.ORDER_BRG,
-}
-
 CHIPSET_TIMINGS = {
     "WS2812": LEDStripTimings(20, 40, 46, 34),
     "WS2812B": LEDStripTimings(23, 49, 46, 26),
@@ -181,7 +172,7 @@ CONF_BIT1_HIGH = "bit1_high"
 CONF_BIT1_LOW = "bit1_low"
 
 
-def _validate_timing(value):
+def _validate_timing(value: str) -> float:
     # if doesn't end with us, raise error
     if not value.endswith("us"):
         raise cv.Invalid("Timing must be in microseconds (us)")
@@ -199,10 +190,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput),
             cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
             cv.Required(CONF_NUM_LEDS): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Required(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.enum(RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS): light.validate_channel_colors,
+            # Deprecated in favour of CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, remove in 2027.3.0
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RGB_ORDER): cv.one_of(*light.RGB_ORDERS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW): cv.boolean,
             cv.Required(CONF_PIO): cv.one_of(0, 1, int=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.enum(CHIPSETS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_IS_RGBW, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Inclusive(
                 CONF_BIT0_HIGH,
                 "custom",
@@ -222,10 +215,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_CHIPSET, CONF_BIT0_HIGH),
+    light.migrate_channel_colors(
+        removed_in="2027.3.0", component="rp2040_pio_led_strip"
+    ),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     id = config[CONF_ID].id
     await light.register_light(var, config)
@@ -234,8 +230,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_num_leds(config[CONF_NUM_LEDS]))
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
 
-    cg.add(var.set_rgb_order(config[CONF_RGB_ORDER]))
-    cg.add(var.set_is_rgbw(config[CONF_IS_RGBW]))
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_channel_colors(light.channel_colors_struct(config[CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS]))
+    )
 
     cg.add(var.set_pio(config[CONF_PIO]))
     cg.add(var.set_program(cg.RawExpression(f"&rp2040_pio_led_strip_{id}_program")))
@@ -250,12 +247,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if chipset := config.get(CONF_CHIPSET):
         cg.add(var.set_chipset(chipset))
         _LOGGER.info("Generating PIO assembly code")
-        rp2040.add_pio_file(
+        rp2.add_pio_file(
             __name__,
             key,
             generate_assembly_code(
                 id,
-                config[CONF_IS_RGBW],
                 CHIPSET_TIMINGS[chipset].T0H,
                 CHIPSET_TIMINGS[chipset].T0L,
                 CHIPSET_TIMINGS[chipset].T1H,
@@ -265,12 +261,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     else:
         cg.add(var.set_chipset(Chipset.CHIPSET_CUSTOM))
         _LOGGER.info("Generating custom PIO assembly code")
-        rp2040.add_pio_file(
+        rp2.add_pio_file(
             __name__,
             key,
             generate_assembly_code(
                 id,
-                config[CONF_IS_RGBW],
                 time_to_cycles(config[CONF_BIT0_HIGH]),
                 time_to_cycles(config[CONF_BIT0_LOW]),
                 time_to_cycles(config[CONF_BIT1_HIGH]),
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
index ad37926954..a0344e8054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2040"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 
 
 rp2040_pwm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2040_pwm")
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
@@ -44,7 +47,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rp2040_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rp2040_set_frequency_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_FREQUENCY], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.cpp
index c9b9e6739d..270cc33551 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "rp2040_pwm.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.h b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.h
index 49980a7d76..8263113168 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/components/output/float_output.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
@@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2040_pwm
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b744aee31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+"""BLE scanner for the Raspberry Pi Pico W / Pico 2 W (BLEHub on rp2040_ble).
+
+Scan modes:
+  continuous: true  — scan runs forever; never stops automatically.
+  continuous: false — a started scan runs for `duration`, then stops. The first
+                      start is external too; nothing starts a non-continuous
+                      scan on boot — use the rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan action
+                      (e.g. from api: on_client_connected:).
+"""
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, ota, rp2040_ble
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import automation as ble_automation
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_SCAN_END, CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+from esphome.components.rp2040_ble import CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+    CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "rp2040_ble"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
+
+ble_device_base.register_hub_provider("rp2_ble_tracker")
+
+rp2_ble_tracker_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2_ble_tracker")
+RP2BLETracker = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_(
+    "RP2BLETracker", ble_device_base.BLEHub, cg.Component
+)
+
+StartScanAction = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StartScanAction", automation.Action)
+StopScanAction = rp2_ble_tracker_ns.class_("StopScanAction", automation.Action)
+
+ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger = ble_automation.BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger
+BLEEndOfScanTrigger = ble_automation.BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+
+
+# interval defaults to 100 ms with the shared 30 ms window, a 30 % duty cycle —
+# the same defaults as bk72xx_ble_tracker, leaving the radio mostly free for
+# WiFi on the shared CYW43. Converted to the controller's 0.625 ms BLE units in
+# to_code(). `active` defaults on for esp32_ble_tracker parity; it adds scan
+# request TX and roughly doubles the reports through the queue, so
+# `active: false` is the lighter choice when scan response data is not needed.
+SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA = ble_device_base.scan_parameters_schema("100ms")
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RP2BLETracker),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(rp2040_ble.RP2040BLE),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, default={}): SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE): ble_automation.advertise_trigger_schema(
+            ESPBTAdvertiseTrigger
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEServiceDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE
+        ): ble_automation.uuid_trigger_schema(
+            BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger,
+            {cv.Required(CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID): ble_device_base.bt_uuid},
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SCAN_END): ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_schema(
+            BLEEndOfScanTrigger
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    # Selects the BLEHub alias arm in ble_device_base/ble_hub_impl.h.
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER")
+    # Compiles the shared adv + scan-response merge (BTstack delivers the pair
+    # as separate reports).
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_RP2040_BLE_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    # The tracker registers itself as a controller scan listener in setup();
+    # request the codegen-sized StaticVector slot for it.
+    rp2040_ble.request_scan_listener_slot()
+
+    # Get notified when an OTA update starts, to pause scanning (esp32_ble_tracker parity)
+    ota.request_ota_state_listeners()
+
+    scan = config[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_interval(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_INTERVAL])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_window(ble_device_base.to_ble_units(scan[CONF_WINDOW])))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_duration(scan[CONF_DURATION].total_milliseconds))
+    cg.add(var.set_scan_active(scan[CONF_ACTIVE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_configured_continuous(scan[CONF_CONTINUOUS]))
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BLE_ADVERTISE, []):
+        await ble_automation.advertise_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
+
+    for trigger_key, uuid_key, setter_prefix in (
+        (CONF_ON_BLE_SERVICE_DATA_ADVERTISE, CONF_SERVICE_UUID, "set_service_uuid"),
+        (
+            CONF_ON_BLE_MANUFACTURER_DATA_ADVERTISE,
+            CONF_MANUFACTURER_ID,
+            "set_manufacturer_uuid",
+        ),
+    ):
+        for conf in config.get(trigger_key, []):
+            await ble_automation.uuid_trigger_to_code(
+                conf, var, uuid_key, setter_prefix
+            )
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_SCAN_END, []):
+        await ble_automation.scan_end_trigger_to_code(conf, var)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan",
+    StartScanAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RP2BLETracker),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CONTINUOUS): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def start_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    if (continuous := config.get(CONF_CONTINUOUS)) is not None:
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(continuous, args, cg.bool_)
+        cg.add(var.set_continuous(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan",
+    StopScanAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RP2BLETracker),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def stop_scan_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: list,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/automation.h b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3cede236a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Scan-control actions for rp2_ble_tracker. The automation triggers are the
+// neutral ble_device_base classes (ble_device_base/automation.h).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include "rp2_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StartScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<RP2BLETracker> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // With continuous: set, the action wins. Without it, the configured value
+    // is used - stop_scan() clears the runtime flag permanently, so a bare
+    // stop_scan/start_scan pair would otherwise never resume continuous mode.
+    const bool want =
+        this->continuous_.has_value() ? this->continuous_.value(x...) : this->parent_->configured_continuous();
+    if (this->parent_->scan_running()) {
+      // Same mode on a running scan is a no-op (esp32 parity): re-anchoring
+      // the duration window here would let a repeated action keep a one-shot
+      // scan alive forever. A real mode switch re-anchors so a change to
+      // one-shot runs a full duration from now.
+      if (want != this->parent_->scan_continuous()) {
+        this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+        this->parent_->restart_scan_duration();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(want);
+    this->parent_->start_scan();
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class StopScanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<RP2BLETracker> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_scan(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0a04b981d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include "rp2_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "rp2_ble_tracker";
+
+// Floor between controller start attempts; insurance against a failing
+// scan_start() being retried every loop.
+static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_START_RETRY_MS = 1000;
+
+// One BLE scan unit in milliseconds; the controller programs interval/window in these units.
+static constexpr float BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS = 0.625f;
+
+void RP2BLETracker::setup() {
+  // Receive the controller's scan reports; the controller queues them from the
+  // BTstack packet handler (IRQ) and delivers here on the main loop.
+  this->parent_->register_scan_listener(this);
+  // Merged (and unmerged) frames go to the shared dispatcher; scan_continuous_
+  // is read at each delivery to decide unclaimed-device logging.
+  this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, TAG);
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Pause scanning while an OTA update is in flight — the BLE scan competes with
+  // the OTA download on the shared CYW43 radio. Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
+  ota::get_global_ota_callback()->add_global_state_listener(this);
+#endif
+  // An on_boot start_scan runs before setup(); parking here would strand it.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
+    // Nothing to do until an external start_scan(); the loop is re-enabled there.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+void RP2BLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) {
+  if (state == ota::OTA_STARTED) {
+    // Set before stop_scan(): its on_scan_end automations run synchronously and
+    // may call start_scan(), which must defer instead of resuming the radio.
+    this->ota_in_progress_ = true;
+    this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
+    // A one-shot scan counts as pending when it is running, latched, or still
+    // retrying its start (loop enabled); captured before stop_scan() parks it.
+    this->scan_pending_before_ota_ =
+        !this->scan_continuous_ && (this->scan_running_ || this->pending_start_ || this->is_in_loop_state());
+    // The pause's own stop is not a user stop, so it must not clear the latches
+    // captured just above.
+    this->ota_pausing_ = true;
+    this->stop_scan();
+    this->ota_pausing_ = false;
+  } else if (state == ota::OTA_ERROR || state == ota::OTA_ABORT) {
+    this->ota_in_progress_ = false;
+    // On success the device reboots, so restore only on a failed/aborted update;
+    // loop()'s retry branch restarts the scan on its next iteration.
+    if (this->scan_continuous_before_ota_) {
+      this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = false;
+      this->scan_continuous_ = true;
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
+    // A failed OTA does not reboot, so nothing else would restart a one-shot.
+    if (this->scan_pending_before_ota_) {
+      this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = false;
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+
+void RP2BLETracker::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Keeps "no radio during an OTA" local instead of emergent from the
+  // parking sites.
+  if (this->ota_in_progress_)
+    return;
+#endif
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->pending_start_ && this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    // Latched start, applied once the stack is ACTIVE; earlier attempts would
+    // fail and arm the retry floor for nothing.
+    this->pending_start_ = false;
+    if (!this->scan_running_)
+      this->start_scan_();
+  }
+  // Deliver held scannable advertisements whose scan response never arrived —
+  // unmerged after the merger's timeout.
+  if (!this->merger_.empty())
+    this->merger_.sweep(now);
+  if (this->scan_running_ && !this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    // Stack disabled underneath us; reconcile so the retry branch takes over.
+    this->scan_running_ = false;
+    this->fire_scan_end_();
+  }
+  if (!this->scan_running_) {
+    // Should be scanning but is not: continuous until the start succeeds,
+    // one-shot only between start_scan() and a successful controller start.
+    if (!this->parent_->is_active()) {
+      // Stack not up: scan_start() cannot succeed yet.
+      return;
+    }
+    if (now - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ >= SCAN_START_RETRY_MS) {
+      this->start_scan_();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->scan_continuous_) {
+    // Period timer: fire on_scan_end() once per scan_duration_ window, mirroring
+    // esp32_ble_tracker::cleanup_scan_state_().
+    if (now - this->scan_period_start_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+      this->fire_scan_end_();
+      this->scan_period_start_ = now;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Non-continuous mode: run for scan_duration_ ms, then stop and fire on_scan_end.
+  // Restart is driven externally (e.g. api: on_client_connected:).
+  if (now - this->scan_start_time_ >= this->scan_duration_) {
+    this->stop_scan_();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "RP2 BLE Tracker:\n"
+                "  Scan Duration: %" PRIu32 " s\n"
+                "  Scan Interval: %.0f ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Window: %.0f ms (%" PRIu32 " BLE units)\n"
+                "  Scan Type: %s\n"
+                "  Continuous Scanning: %s",
+                this->scan_duration_ / 1000, this->scan_interval_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_interval_,
+                this->scan_window_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_window_,
+                this->scan_active_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("ACTIVE") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("PASSIVE"),
+                YESNO(this->scan_continuous_));
+}
+
+// Core spec advertising report event types (BTstack headers stay out of this
+// TU). ADV_IND and ADV_SCAN_IND are the scannable ones.
+static constexpr uint8_t ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_IND = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_SCAN_IND = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t ADV_EVENT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP = 4;
+
+// BTstack delivers the pair as separate reports; the merger holds a scannable
+// advertisement until its response arrives.
+void RP2BLETracker::on_scan_report(const rp2040_ble::BLEScanReport &report) {
+  if (report.adv_event_type == ADV_EVENT_TYPE_SCAN_RSP) {
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only while an active scan runs: nothing sweeps the merger after a stop.
+  if (this->scan_running_ && this->scan_active_ &&
+      (report.adv_event_type == ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_IND || report.adv_event_type == ADV_EVENT_TYPE_ADV_SCAN_IND)) {
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                            App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+    return;
+  }
+  this->dispatcher_.dispatch(report.mac, report.rssi, report.addr_type, report.data, report.data_len,
+                             /*raw_only=*/false, this->scan_continuous_ ? nullptr : TAG);
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::start_scan() {
+  // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker::start_scan(): caller sets scan_continuous_ via
+  // set_scan_continuous() first, then calls start_scan() to begin scanning.
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  if (this->ota_in_progress_) {
+    // Defer to the post-OTA resume path, carrying the requested mode. Not
+    // while ota_pausing_: scan_continuous_ is an artefact of the pause's own
+    // stop there, not intent.
+    if (!this->ota_pausing_) {
+      this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = this->scan_continuous_;
+      this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = !this->scan_continuous_;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  this->enable_loop();
+  if (!this->is_ready() || !this->parent_->is_active()) {
+    // Pre-setup or stack not ACTIVE: latch, loop() applies it.
+    this->pending_start_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  // bk72xx force semantics: a user start jumps the floor only while the
+  // controller is healthy. loop()'s retry branch picks the request up.
+  if (this->last_start_failed_ &&
+      App.get_loop_component_start_time() - this->last_scan_start_attempt_ < SCAN_START_RETRY_MS) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->start_scan_();
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::restart_scan_duration() {
+  if (!this->scan_running_)
+    return;  // start_scan_() anchors the clock itself on the next real start
+  // One-shot clock only (bk72xx parity); re-anchoring the period would let
+  // repeated actions starve on_scan_end. Same clock as loop()'s now.
+  this->scan_start_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+}
+
+bool RP2BLETracker::request_scan_mode(bool active) {
+  if (this->scan_active_ == active)
+    return true;
+  this->scan_active_ = active;
+  // V: the proxy's "Setting scanner mode" line already narrates this at D.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan mode %s", active ? "active" : "passive");
+  // Restart the controller scan only: the scan logically continues, so no
+  // on_scan_end and no period reset. An idle scanner applies it on next start.
+  if (this->scan_running_) {
+    this->parent_->scan_stop();
+    if (!this->controller_scan_start_()) {
+      // The controller really stopped: behave exactly like loop()'s
+      // reconciliation branch - notify listeners and let its retry recover.
+      this->scan_running_ = false;
+      this->fire_scan_end_();
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::stop_scan() {
+  // Cancel a start latched before setup(); without this an on_boot
+  // start_scan/stop_scan pair would still start at the first loop().
+  this->pending_start_ = false;
+  this->scan_continuous_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // A user stop during the OTA is the latest intent; the pause's own stop
+  // (ota_pausing_) is exempt - it armed that state.
+  if (this->ota_in_progress_ && !this->ota_pausing_) {
+    this->scan_pending_before_ota_ = false;
+    this->scan_continuous_before_ota_ = false;
+  }
+#endif
+  this->stop_scan_();
+  // stop_scan_() early-returns when idle, so park here too - once set up, and
+  // re-checked: its synchronous on_scan_end may have restarted the scan.
+  if (this->is_ready() && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+// Stamp-and-start for every controller scan attempt: the stamp keeps the
+// SCAN_START_RETRY_MS floor covering all callers, not only loop()'s retry.
+bool RP2BLETracker::controller_scan_start_() {
+  this->last_scan_start_attempt_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  const bool ok = this->parent_->scan_start(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_interval_),
+                                            static_cast<uint16_t>(this->scan_window_), this->scan_active_);
+  this->last_start_failed_ = !ok;
+  return ok;
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::start_scan_() {
+  if (this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+
+  if (!this->controller_scan_start_())
+    return;
+
+  this->scan_running_ = true;
+  // Symmetric with stop_scan_()'s stop log; asymmetry would read as the
+  // scanner failing to come back.
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan started (%s, window=%.0fms, interval=%.0fms)",
+           this->scan_active_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("active") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("passive"),
+           this->scan_window_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS, this->scan_interval_ * BLE_SCAN_UNIT_MS);
+  // Anchor the period to the scan, not to boot, so a restart after a long gap
+  // does not fire on_scan_end immediately. Same clock as loop()'s now.
+  this->scan_period_start_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->scan_start_time_ = this->scan_period_start_;
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::stop_scan_() {
+  if (!this->scan_running_)
+    return;
+  this->parent_->scan_stop();
+  this->scan_running_ = false;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stopped");
+  this->fire_scan_end_();
+  // Reset the period clock so on_scan_end does not double-fire; same clock as loop().
+  this->scan_period_start_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  // on_scan_end runs synchronously and may restart the scan; re-check before
+  // parking or that scan runs untimed.
+  if (!this->scan_continuous_ && !this->scan_running_ && !this->pending_start_) {
+    // Nothing left to time; start_scan() re-enables the loop.
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2BLETracker::fire_scan_end_() {
+  // Deliver held advertisements whose scan response never came (unmerged)
+  // BEFORE on_scan_end fires.
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  this->dispatcher_.on_scan_end();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af5250fe7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/rp2_ble_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
+#include "esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker {
+
+class RP2BLETracker : public Component,
+                      public rp2040_ble::BLEScanListener,
+                      public Parented<rp2040_ble::RP2040BLE>
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    ,
+                      public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+#endif
+{
+ public:
+  // ---- ESPHome Component ----
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
+
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Pause scanning while an OTA update runs (the BLE scan competes with the OTA
+  // download on the shared CYW43 radio); mirrors esp32_ble_tracker.
+  void on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error, ota::OTAComponent *comp) override;
+#endif
+
+  // ---- YAML configuration setters ----
+  void set_scan_interval(uint32_t scan_interval) { this->scan_interval_ = scan_interval; }
+  void set_scan_window(uint32_t scan_window) { this->scan_window_ = scan_window; }
+  void set_scan_duration(uint32_t scan_duration) { this->scan_duration_ = scan_duration; }
+  void set_scan_active(bool scan_active) { this->scan_active_ = scan_active; }
+  void set_scan_continuous(bool scan_continuous) { this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous; }
+  void set_configured_continuous(bool scan_continuous) {
+    this->configured_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+    this->scan_continuous_ = scan_continuous;
+  }
+  bool scan_continuous() const { return this->scan_continuous_; }
+  bool configured_continuous() const { return this->configured_continuous_; }
+
+  // ---- Public scan control ----
+  // Mirrors esp32_ble_tracker: set_scan_continuous() + start_scan() / stop_scan().
+  void start_scan();
+  void stop_scan();
+  // Re-anchors the one-shot duration clock only (bk72xx parity); no-op while
+  // idle. Policy lives in the action.
+  void restart_scan_duration();
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::BLEHub contract ----
+  void register_listener(ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener *listener) {
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(listener);
+  }
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(ble_device_base::RawAdvertisementCallback callback) {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback(callback);
+  }
+  static constexpr ble_device_base::HubCapabilities get_capabilities() {
+    // Scan responses arrive separately and are merged before delivery
+    // (Bluedroid semantics). GATT needs the BTstack connection backend.
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+    constexpr bool has_gatt = true;
+#else
+    constexpr bool has_gatt = false;
+#endif
+    return {.active_scan = true, .merges_scan_response = true, .gatt = has_gatt, .scan_mode_switch = true};
+  }
+  // The controller stores the address in printable (MSB-first) order, which is
+  // exactly what the contract wants.
+  void get_adapter_mac(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) { this->parent_->get_mac_msb_first(out); }
+  bool scan_running() { return this->scan_running_; }
+  bool scan_active() { return this->scan_active_; }
+  bool request_scan_mode(bool active);
+
+  // ---- rp2040_ble::BLEScanListener ----
+  // Delivered on the main loop; the controller's queue did the IRQ handoff.
+  void on_scan_report(const rp2040_ble::BLEScanReport &report) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void start_scan_();
+  bool controller_scan_start_();
+  void stop_scan_();
+  void fire_scan_end_();
+
+  // Defaults: 30 % duty cycle (interval 100 ms / window 30 ms), in 0.625 ms
+  // BLE units — same defaults as bk72xx_ble_tracker.
+  uint32_t scan_interval_{160};  // 160 × 0.625 ms = 100 ms
+  uint32_t scan_window_{48};     // 48 × 0.625 ms = 30 ms (30/100 = 30 %)
+  uint32_t scan_duration_{300000};
+  uint32_t last_scan_start_attempt_{0};  // loop time of last start_scan_() attempt; rate-limits retries
+  uint32_t scan_period_start_{0};        // continuous-mode on_scan_end period clock
+  uint32_t scan_start_time_{0};          // one-shot duration clock (bk72xx parity: kept separate from the period)
+  // Bit-packed (C++20 default member initializers on bit-fields);
+  // scan_continuous_ stays a plain bool because the merger binds its address.
+  bool scan_running_ : 1 {false};
+  bool pending_start_ : 1 {false};      // start_scan() latched before setup() or while the stack is
+                                        // not ACTIVE; loop() applies it once it is
+  bool last_start_failed_ : 1 {false};  // last controller start failed; gates the public start_scan() floor
+  bool scan_active_ : 1 {true};
+  bool configured_continuous_ : 1 {true};  // YAML scan_parameters.continuous; runtime stop_scan() must not lose it
+  bool scan_continuous_{true};
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+  // Resume intent for a failed/aborted OTA: seeded at OTA start, overwritten
+  // by a start/stop during the download, except from the pause's own stop.
+  bool scan_continuous_before_ota_ : 1 {false};  // resume continuous
+  bool scan_pending_before_ota_ : 1 {false};     // resume a one-shot scan
+  bool ota_in_progress_ : 1 {false};             // OTA holds the radio; start_scan() defers to the resume path
+  bool ota_pausing_ : 1 {false};                 // inside the OTA's own stop_scan(); its latch clear is skipped
+#endif
+
+  // Shared merge + dispatch (ble_device_base), all on the main loop.
+  // stash_adv() uses the parent's cached loop time and sweep() this one's -
+  // same App.loop() pass, so the merger delta stays non-negative.
+  ble_device_base::ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  ble_device_base::AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2_ble_tracker
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py
similarity index 93%
rename from esphome/components/rp2040_pio/__init__.py
rename to esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py
index eecfedaa75..915ab73b87 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2_pio/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ import platform
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2040"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2"]
 
 
 PIOASM_REPO_VERSION = "1.5.0-b"
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ PIOASM_DOWNLOADS = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # cg.add_platformio_option(
     #     "platform_packages",
     #     [
diff --git a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
index 314852832c..1ca29a3259 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VSYNC_PIN,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ COLOR_ORDERS = {
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'rpi_dpi_rgb' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_rgb' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
index a3b1dba4f2..88928b2bce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
     LibreTinyComponent,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import RTL87XX_BOARD_PINS, RTL87XX_BOARDS
 
@@ -45,25 +47,29 @@ COMPONENT_DATA = LibreTinyComponent(
 )
 
 
-def _set_core_data(config):
+def _set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] = COMPONENT_DATA
     return config
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA
+# extend({}) makes this platform's own schema instance: BASE_SCHEMA is shared
+# by every LibreTiny platform, and prepending this platform's _set_core_data
+# onto the shared object would run it for every platform's validation once two
+# platform modules are imported in one process (device-builder, tests).
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = libretiny.BASE_SCHEMA.extend({})
 
 PIN_SCHEMA = libretiny.gpio.BASE_PIN_SCHEMA
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA.prepend_extra(_set_core_data)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.component_to_code(config)
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("rtl87xx", PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def pin_to_code(config):
+async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
index 4880f9ac41..b6c4183586 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ from esphome.components.output import FloatOutput
 from esphome.components.speaker import Speaker
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_GAIN, CONF_ID, CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_SPEAKER
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def validate_parent_output_config(value):
+def validate_parent_output_config(value: ConfigType) -> None:
     platform = value.get(CONF_PLATFORM)
     PWM_GOOD = ["esp8266_pwm", "ledc"]
     PWM_BAD = [
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -110,7 +113,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rtttl_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rtttl_play_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_RTTTL], args, cg.std_string)
@@ -128,7 +136,12 @@ async def rtttl_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rtttl_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rtttl_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -143,7 +156,12 @@ async def rtttl_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def rtttl_is_playing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rtttl_is_playing_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
index 8db69aa53e..a220503045 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER
 from esphome.components.image import (
     IMAGE_TYPE,
     Image_,
+    validate_byte_order,
     validate_settings,
     validate_transparency,
     validate_type,
 )
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FORMAT, CONF_ID, CONF_RESIZE, CONF_TYPE
 from esphome.core import CORE
@@ -57,10 +59,22 @@ class Format:
         """Add defines and libraries needed for this format."""
 
 
+class AUTOFormat(Format):
+    """AUTO format - detect from MIME type."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__("AUTO", None)
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        # dict.fromkeys dedupes the JPG/JPEG alias so each format runs once
+        for image_format in dict.fromkeys(IMAGE_FORMATS.values()):
+            image_format.actions()
+
+
 class BMPFormat(Format):
     """BMP format decoder configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__("BMP", BmpDecoder)
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
@@ -70,25 +84,30 @@ class BMPFormat(Format):
 class JPEGFormat(Format):
     """JPEG format decoder configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__("JPEG", JpegDecoder)
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
         cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG")
         cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", "1.8.4", "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#1.8.4")
+        if CORE.is_host:
+            # JPEGDEC's host detection checks __MACH__/__LINUX__, but gcc only
+            # predefines the lowercase __linux__; without this a Linux host
+            # build tries to include Arduino.h.
+            cg.add_build_flag("-D__LINUX__")
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
 
             # JPEGDEC uses ESP32-S3 SIMD optimizations (guarded by board-level
             # ARDUINO_ESP32S3_DEV define) that require esp-dsp headers.
             # On Arduino this overwrites the stub; on IDF it adds the component.
-            add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp-dsp", ref="1.7.1")
+            add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp-dsp", ref="1.8.2")
 
 
 class PNGFormat(Format):
     """PNG format decoder configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__("PNG", PngDecoder)
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
@@ -96,18 +115,34 @@ class PNGFormat(Format):
         cg.add_library("pngle", "1.1.0")
 
 
-# Registry of available formats
+# Decodable formats only; platforms that support runtime detection accept
+# "AUTO" in their own schema and get_format() resolves it
+_JPEG_FORMAT = JPEGFormat()
 IMAGE_FORMATS = {
     "BMP": BMPFormat(),
-    "JPEG": JPEGFormat(),
+    "JPEG": _JPEG_FORMAT,
+    "JPG": _JPEG_FORMAT,  # Alias for JPEG
     "PNG": PNGFormat(),
-    "JPG": JPEGFormat(),  # Alias for JPEG
 }
 
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "bmp_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP",
+        "jpeg_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG",
+        "png_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG",
+        "qoi_decoder.cpp": "USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_QOI",
+    }
+)
+
+AUTO_FORMAT = AUTOFormat()
+
 
 def get_format(format_name: str) -> Format | None:
     """Get a format instance by name."""
-    return IMAGE_FORMATS.get(format_name.upper())
+    name = format_name.upper()
+    if name == "AUTO":
+        return AUTO_FORMAT
+    return IMAGE_FORMATS.get(name)
 
 
 def enable_format(format_name: str) -> Format | None:
@@ -128,9 +163,7 @@ def runtime_image_schema(image_class: cg.MockObjClass = RuntimeImage) -> cv.Sche
             cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*IMAGE_FORMATS, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
             cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): cv.one_of(
-                "BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): validate_byte_order,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default="OPAQUE"): validate_transparency(),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PLACEHOLDER): cv.use_id(Image_),
         }
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
index 6a1bd61d86..204d6cc14b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.bmp";
 
+void BmpDecoder::reset() {
+  ImageDecoder::reset();
+  this->bits_per_pixel_ = 0;
+  this->compression_method_ = 0;
+  this->image_data_size_ = 0;
+  this->width_ = 0;
+  this->height_ = 0;
+  this->current_index_ = 0;
+  this->paint_index_ = 0;
+  // color_table_ is deliberately kept allocated so the next decode can reuse it
+  this->color_table_entries_ = 0;
+  this->data_offset_ = 0;
+  this->padding_bytes_ = 0;
+  this->width_bytes_ = 0;
+}
+
 int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   size_t index = 0;
   if (this->current_index_ == 0) {
@@ -64,6 +80,10 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
 
     this->width_ = encode_uint32(buffer[21], buffer[20], buffer[19], buffer[18]);
     this->height_ = encode_uint32(buffer[25], buffer[24], buffer[23], buffer[22]);
+    if (this->width_ <= 0 || this->height_ <= 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid image dimensions: (%zdx%zd)", this->width_, this->height_);
+      return DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
     this->bits_per_pixel_ = encode_uint16(buffer[29], buffer[28]);
     this->compression_method_ = encode_uint32(buffer[33], buffer[32], buffer[31], buffer[30]);
     this->image_data_size_ = encode_uint32(buffer[37], buffer[36], buffer[35], buffer[34]);
@@ -85,7 +105,10 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
         size_t header_size = encode_uint32(buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15], buffer[14]);
         size_t offset = 14 + header_size;
 
-        this->color_table_ = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(this->color_table_entries_);
+        if (this->color_table_entries_ > this->color_table_capacity_) {
+          this->color_table_ = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(this->color_table_entries_);
+          this->color_table_capacity_ = this->color_table_entries_;
+        }
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < this->color_table_entries_; i++) {
           this->color_table_[i] = encode_uint32(buffer[offset + i * 4 + 3], buffer[offset + i * 4 + 2],
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
index a52a561584..01acc41f91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
    *
    * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  BmpDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
+  BmpDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, BMP) {}
 
+  void reset() override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
   bool is_finished() const override {
@@ -35,17 +36,18 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   }
 
  protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> color_table_;
   size_t current_index_{0};
   size_t paint_index_{0};
   ssize_t width_{0};
   ssize_t height_{0};
-  uint16_t bits_per_pixel_{0};
+  size_t width_bytes_{0};
+  size_t data_offset_{0};
   uint32_t compression_method_{0};
   uint32_t image_data_size_{0};
   uint32_t color_table_entries_{0};
-  std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> color_table_;
-  size_t width_bytes_{0};
-  size_t data_offset_{0};
+  uint32_t color_table_capacity_{0};  // Allocated entries in color_table_, kept across decodes
+  uint16_t bits_per_pixel_{0};
   uint8_t padding_bytes_{0};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp
index 8d3320b5d1..f2c4f5c8cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp
@@ -10,12 +10,16 @@ static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder";
 
 bool ImageDecoder::set_size(int width, int height) {
   bool success = this->image_->resize(width, height) > 0;
+  this->size_valid_ = success;
   this->x_scale_ = static_cast<double>(this->image_->get_buffer_width()) / width;
   this->y_scale_ = static_cast<double>(this->image_->get_buffer_height()) / height;
   return success;
 }
 
 void ImageDecoder::draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, const Color &color) {
+  if (!this->size_valid_) {
+    return;
+  }
   auto width = std::min(this->image_->get_buffer_width(), static_cast<int>(std::ceil((x + w) * this->x_scale_)));
   auto height = std::min(this->image_->get_buffer_height(), static_cast<int>(std::ceil((y + h) * this->y_scale_)));
   for (int i = x * this->x_scale_; i < width; i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
index c68ea5720b..2a8b393888 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
+#include "image_format.h"
 
 namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
@@ -36,18 +37,41 @@ class ImageDecoder {
    * @brief Construct a new Image Decoder object
    *
    * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
+   * @param format The image format this decoder handles.
    */
-  ImageDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : image_(image) {}
+  ImageDecoder(RuntimeImage *image, ImageFormat format) : image_(image), format_(format) {}
   virtual ~ImageDecoder() = default;
 
+  /// @brief Get the image format handled by this decoder.
+  ImageFormat get_format() const { return this->format_; }
+
+  /// @brief Check if a decoding session is in progress (prepare() called, reset() not yet).
+  bool is_active() const { return this->active_; }
+
   /**
-   * @brief Initialize the decoder.
+   * @brief Reset the decoder state, ending any decoding session.
+   *        Subclasses should override this method to reset any format-specific state.
+   *        Buffers the next decode can reuse should be kept allocated to avoid heap churn.
+   */
+  virtual void reset() {
+    this->active_ = false;
+    this->expected_size_ = 0;
+    this->decoded_bytes_ = 0;
+    this->size_valid_ = true;
+    this->x_scale_ = 1.0;
+    this->y_scale_ = 1.0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Initialize the decoder, starting a new decoding session.
    *
    * @param expected_size Hint about the expected data size (0 if unknown).
    * @return int          Returns 0 on success, a {@see DecodeError} value in case of an error.
    */
   virtual int prepare(size_t expected_size) {
+    this->reset();
     this->expected_size_ = expected_size;
+    this->active_ = true;
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -103,11 +127,14 @@ class ImageDecoder {
   }
 
  protected:
+  double x_scale_ = 1.0;
+  double y_scale_ = 1.0;
   RuntimeImage *image_;
   size_t expected_size_ = 0;  // Expected data size (0 if unknown)
   size_t decoded_bytes_ = 0;  // Bytes processed so far
-  double x_scale_ = 1.0;
-  double y_scale_ = 1.0;
+  const ImageFormat format_;
+  bool active_ = false;     // A decoding session is in progress
+  bool size_valid_ = true;  // Last set_size() result; draw() no-ops while false
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9575b30887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "image_format.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+struct MimeLookup {
+  const char *mime_type;
+  ImageFormat format;
+};
+
+// The first entry per format is its canonical MIME type; the rest are aliases
+// seen from real servers (older IIS, CDNs, S3)
+static constexpr MimeLookup MIME_LOOKUP_TABLE[] = {
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
+    {"image/bmp", ImageFormat::BMP},   {"image/x-ms-bmp", ImageFormat::BMP}, {"image/x-bmp", ImageFormat::BMP},
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+    {"image/jpeg", ImageFormat::JPEG}, {"image/jpg", ImageFormat::JPEG},
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+    {"image/png", ImageFormat::PNG},   {"image/x-png", ImageFormat::PNG},
+#endif
+};
+
+const char *get_mime_type_for_format(ImageFormat format) {
+  for (const auto &entry : MIME_LOOKUP_TABLE) {
+    if (entry.format == format) {
+      return entry.mime_type;
+    }
+  }
+  return "image/*";  // AUTO or compiled-out format
+}
+
+std::optional<ImageFormat> get_format_for_mime_type(const char *mime_type) {
+  for (const auto &entry : MIME_LOOKUP_TABLE) {
+    if (str_contains_ignore_case(mime_type, entry.mime_type)) {
+      return entry.format;
+    }
+  }
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aff0c026b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Image format types that can be decoded dynamically.
+ */
+enum ImageFormat {
+  /** Format is supplied per decode, e.g. detected from the Content-Type header
+   *  by online_image; sniffing the image data is not implemented. */
+  AUTO,
+  /** JPEG format. */
+  JPEG,
+  /** PNG format. */
+  PNG,
+  /** BMP format. */
+  BMP,
+};
+
+/// Canonical MIME type for a format; "image/*" for AUTO/unknown
+const char *get_mime_type_for_format(ImageFormat format);
+/// Case-insensitive substring match of known media types; nullopt if none found
+std::optional<ImageFormat> get_format_for_mime_type(const char *mime_type);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
index c46e86fd0d..85ec945259 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
@@ -52,12 +52,6 @@ static int draw_callback(JPEGDRAW *jpeg) {
   return 1;
 }
 
-int JpegDecoder::prepare(size_t expected_size) {
-  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
-  // JPEG decoder needs complete data before decoding
-  return 0;
-}
-
 int HOT JpegDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   // JPEG decoder requires complete data
   // If we know the expected size, wait for it
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
index ed2401e263..67c9b77f4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ class JpegDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
    *
    * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  JpegDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
+  JpegDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, JPEG) {}
   ~JpegDecoder() override {}
 
-  int prepare(size_t expected_size) override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
index 12bce0d284..106f25bbe1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static void draw_callback(pngle_t *pngle, uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, ui
   }
 }
 
-PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
+PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image, PNG) {
   {
     RAMAllocator<pngle_t> allocator;
     pngle_t *pngle = allocator.allocate(1, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
       return;
     }
     memset(pngle, 0, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
-    pngle_reset(pngle);
     this->pngle_ = pngle;
+    pngle_reset(this->pngle_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -71,11 +71,12 @@ PngDecoder::~PngDecoder() {
 }
 
 int PngDecoder::prepare(size_t expected_size) {
-  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
+  // Check before the base prepare() so a failure never leaves an active session
   if (!this->pngle_) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PNG decoder engine not initialized!");
     return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
   }
+  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
   pngle_set_user_data(this->pngle_, this);
   pngle_set_init_callback(this->pngle_, init_callback);
   pngle_set_draw_callback(this->pngle_, draw_callback);
@@ -96,6 +97,8 @@ int HOT PngDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   if (fed < 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error decoding image: %s", pngle_error(this->pngle_));
     return DECODE_ERROR_INTERNAL_DECODER_ERROR;
+  } else if (!this->size_valid_) {
+    return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
   } else {
     this->decoded_bytes_ += fed;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
index 24521d33a8..a1cd60e0a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ class PngDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image);
   ~PngDecoder() override;
 
+  void reset() override {
+    ImageDecoder::reset();
+    if (this->pngle_) {
+      pngle_reset(this->pngle_);
+    }
+    this->pixels_decoded_ = 0;
+  }
+
   int prepare(size_t expected_size) override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
index 4c7f1bfb6f..f7417c2c8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #include "runtime_image.h"
 #include "image_decoder.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
 
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
 #include "bmp_decoder.h"
@@ -19,6 +20,13 @@ namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "runtime_image";
 
+// Widest supported format is 4 bytes/pixel, so 32767 * 32767 * 4 still fits a 32-bit size_t
+static constexpr int MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION = 32767;
+static constexpr int MAX_IMAGE_BPP = 32;
+static_assert((static_cast<uint64_t>(MAX_IMAGE_BPP) * MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION + 7) / 8 * MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION <=
+                  std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(),
+              "MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION must keep the worst-case buffer size within size_t");
+
 inline bool is_color_on(const Color &color) {
   // This produces the most accurate monochrome conversion, but is slightly slower.
   //  return (0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b) > 127;
@@ -162,34 +170,44 @@ void RuntimeImage::draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on,
   // If no image is loaded and no placeholder, nothing to draw
 }
 
-bool RuntimeImage::begin_decode(size_t expected_size) {
-  if (this->decoder_) {
+bool RuntimeImage::begin_decode(size_t expected_size, ImageFormat format) {
+  if (this->is_decoding()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Decoding already in progress");
     return false;
   }
 
-  this->decoder_ = this->create_decoder_();
+  if (format == AUTO && this->format_ != AUTO) {
+    // Fall back to the configured format before the reuse check below
+    format = this->format_;
+  }
+
+  // An idle decoder for a different format cannot be reused
+  if (this->decoder_ != nullptr && this->decoder_->get_format() != format) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoder format mismatch: current: %d, new: %d", this->decoder_->get_format(), format);
+    this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
   if (!this->decoder_) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for format %d", this->format_);
-    return false;
+    this->decoder_ = this->create_decoder_(format);
+    if (!this->decoder_) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for format %d", format);
+      return false;
+    }
   }
 
-  this->total_size_ = expected_size;
   this->decoded_bytes_ = 0;
 
-  // Initialize decoder
   int result = this->decoder_->prepare(expected_size);
   if (result < 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to prepare decoder: %d", result);
-    this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+    this->decoder_ = nullptr;  // If prepare fails, a full reset is needed
     return false;
   }
-
   return true;
 }
 
 int RuntimeImage::feed_data(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
+  if (!this->is_decoding()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No decoder initialized");
     return -1;
   }
@@ -203,7 +221,7 @@ int RuntimeImage::feed_data(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 
 bool RuntimeImage::end_decode() {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
+  if (!this->is_decoding()) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -215,33 +233,36 @@ bool RuntimeImage::end_decode() {
     this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
   }
 
-  // Clean up decoder
-  this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+  // End the session; the decoder object stays warm so the next decode can
+  // reuse it (and its buffers) without churning the heap.
+  this->decoder_->reset();
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoding complete: %dx%d, %zu bytes", this->width_, this->height_, this->decoded_bytes_);
   return true;
 }
 
-bool RuntimeImage::is_decode_finished() const {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return this->decoder_->is_finished();
-}
+bool RuntimeImage::is_decode_finished() const { return this->is_decoding() && this->decoder_->is_finished(); }
 
 void RuntimeImage::release() {
   this->release_buffer_();
-  // Reset decoder separately — release() can be called from within the decoder
-  // (via set_size -> resize -> resize_buffer_), so we must not destroy the decoder here.
-  // The decoder lifecycle is managed by begin_decode()/end_decode().
-  this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+  // End any active decode session; decoders free the format-specific working buffers
+  // they can (PNG), while the decoder object itself is kept warm for the next decode.
+  if (this->decoder_) {
+    this->decoder_->reset();
+  }
 }
 
 void RuntimeImage::release_buffer_() {
   if (this->buffer_) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Releasing buffer of size %zu", this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
-    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
-    allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
+    if (this->external_buffer_) {
+      // The caller owns this memory and goes on using it after the image lets go of it.
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Letting go of the external %dx%d buffer", this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_);
+      this->external_buffer_ = false;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Releasing buffer of size %zu", this->get_buffer_size(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
+      RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+      allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->get_buffer_size(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
+    }
     this->buffer_ = nullptr;
     this->data_start_ = nullptr;
     this->width_ = 0;
@@ -254,14 +275,46 @@ void RuntimeImage::release_buffer_() {
   }
 }
 
-size_t RuntimeImage::resize_buffer_(int width, int height) {
-  size_t new_size = this->get_buffer_size_(width, height);
+bool RuntimeImage::set_external_buffer(uint8_t *buffer, int width, int height) {
+  this->release_buffer_();
+  if (buffer == nullptr || this->get_buffer_size(width, height) == 0) {
+    // Keep the released state rather than remembering a buffer that cannot be decoded into: an
+    // external buffer that is never handed back would otherwise block every later allocation.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Refusing an invalid external buffer for %dx%d", width, height);
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->buffer_ = buffer;
+  this->external_buffer_ = true;
+  this->buffer_width_ = width;
+  this->buffer_height_ = height;
+  return true;
+}
 
+size_t RuntimeImage::resize_buffer_(int width, int height) {
+  size_t new_size = this->get_buffer_size(width, height);
+
+  // A buffer only ever exists with dimensions the image can decode at, so a match here means
+  // new_size is non-zero. Checking it before the invalid dimension case below lets the external
+  // buffer be let go of for every decode it cannot serve, not just for valid other dimensions.
   if (this->buffer_ && this->buffer_width_ == width && this->buffer_height_ == height) {
     // Buffer already allocated with correct size
     return new_size;
   }
 
+  if (this->external_buffer_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Image decoded to %dx%d, but the external buffer is %dx%d", width, height, this->buffer_width_,
+             this->buffer_height_);
+    // Let the buffer go rather than free memory that belongs to the caller. Dropping it also stops
+    // a decoder that ignores this failure from publishing a picture it never painted.
+    this->release_buffer_();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (new_size == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Refusing to allocate buffer for invalid image dimensions %dx%d", width, height);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   // Release old buffer if dimensions changed
   if (this->buffer_) {
     this->release_buffer_();
@@ -286,18 +339,23 @@ size_t RuntimeImage::resize_buffer_(int width, int height) {
   return new_size;
 }
 
-size_t RuntimeImage::get_buffer_size_(int width, int height) const {
+size_t RuntimeImage::get_buffer_size(int width, int height) const {
+  // Dimensions come from a remote image header; reject absurd values so the size math cannot overflow
+  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || width > MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION || height > MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION) {
+    return 0;
+  }
   if (this->get_type() == image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565 && this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
     // Add extra alpha channel for RGB565 with alpha
-    return width * height * 3;
+    return static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 3;
   }
-  return (this->get_bpp() * width + 7u) / 8u * height;
+  return (static_cast<size_t>(this->get_bpp()) * width + 7u) / 8u * height;
 }
 
 int RuntimeImage::get_position_(int x, int y) const { return (x + y * this->buffer_width_) * this->get_bpp() / 8; }
 
-std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_() {
-  switch (this->format_) {
+std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_(ImageFormat format) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Creating decoder for format %d", format);
+  switch (format) {
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
     case BMP:
       return make_unique<BmpDecoder>(this);
@@ -310,8 +368,11 @@ std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_() {
     case PNG:
       return make_unique<PngDecoder>(this);
 #endif
+    case AUTO:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Image format could not be determined; set `format:` explicitly in the configuration");
+      return nullptr;
     default:
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported image format: %d", this->format_);
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported image format: %d", format);
       return nullptr;
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
index 4bdcdcac9e..55d5c0ae86 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
@@ -3,25 +3,11 @@
 #include "esphome/components/image/image.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
+#include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "image_format.h"
+
 namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
-// Forward declaration
-class ImageDecoder;
-
-/**
- * @brief Image format types that can be decoded dynamically.
- */
-enum ImageFormat {
-  /** Automatically detect from data. Not implemented yet. */
-  AUTO,
-  /** JPEG format. */
-  JPEG,
-  /** PNG format. */
-  PNG,
-  /** BMP format. */
-  BMP,
-};
-
 /**
  * @brief A dynamic image that can be loaded and decoded at runtime.
  *
@@ -76,9 +62,10 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
    * @brief Begin decoding an image.
    *
    * @param expected_size Optional hint about the expected data size.
+   * @param format The image format to decode (defaults to AUTO, which uses the value set at construction).
    * @return true if decoder was successfully initialized.
    */
-  bool begin_decode(size_t expected_size = 0);
+  bool begin_decode(size_t expected_size = 0, ImageFormat format = AUTO);
 
   /**
    * @brief Feed data to the decoder.
@@ -99,7 +86,7 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   /**
    * @brief Check if decoding is currently in progress.
    */
-  bool is_decoding() const { return this->decoder_ != nullptr; }
+  bool is_decoding() const { return this->decoder_ != nullptr && this->decoder_->is_active(); }
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the decoder has finished processing all data.
@@ -117,13 +104,54 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   /**
    * @brief Get the image format.
    */
+  /// Configured format; a format resolved per decode lives on the active decoder
   ImageFormat get_format() const { return this->format_; }
 
   /**
-   * @brief Release the image buffer and free memory.
+   * @brief Release the image buffer and free its memory, ending any decode session.
+   *
+   * An external buffer is let go of rather than freed. The decoder object is kept
+   * warm so the next decode can reuse it without churning the heap.
    */
   void release();
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Decode into a buffer the caller owns, instead of one allocated here.
+   *
+   * The image never frees an external buffer and never resizes it: a decode that needs other
+   * dimensions fails as if the allocation had failed, and the buffer is let go of so a decoder
+   * that ignores that failure cannot publish a picture it did not paint. The caller keeps the
+   * buffer alive for as long as anything can draw the image, and calls release() (or hands over
+   * another buffer) before reusing it.
+   *
+   * Hand a buffer over before every decode. The image lets go of one whenever a decode fails and
+   * whenever release() is called, and it does not remember that it ever had one: a decode that
+   * starts without a buffer allocates its own, which is the runtime allocation this method exists
+   * to avoid.
+   *
+   * The buffer is decoded into as it is handed over, so the caller owns its initial contents.
+   * Zero it first if anything can draw the image before a decode has painted every pixel.
+   *
+   * Do not hand a buffer over while is_decoding() is true. A running decoder keeps scaling values
+   * for the buffer it started with.
+   *
+   * A null buffer or dimensions the image cannot decode at are refused, leaving the image with
+   * no buffer at all.
+   *
+   * @param buffer Memory for a picture of the given size, at least get_buffer_size() bytes.
+   * @param width Width of the buffer in pixels.
+   * @param height Height of the buffer in pixels.
+   * @return true if the image took the buffer, false if it was refused.
+   */
+  bool set_external_buffer(uint8_t *buffer, int width, int height);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Get the buffer size in bytes needed for a picture of the given dimensions.
+   *
+   * Returns 0 for dimensions the image cannot decode at.
+   */
+  size_t get_buffer_size(int width, int height) const;
+
   /**
    * @brief Set whether to allow progressive display during decode.
    *
@@ -149,20 +177,17 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
    */
   void release_buffer_();
 
-  /**
-   * @brief Get the buffer size in bytes for given dimensions.
-   */
-  size_t get_buffer_size_(int width, int height) const;
-
   /**
    * @brief Get the position in the buffer for a pixel.
    */
   int get_position_(int x, int y) const;
 
   /**
-   * @brief Create decoder instance for the image's format.
+   * @brief Create decoder instance for the requested format.
+   * @param format The image format to decode.
+   * @return Unique pointer to the created decoder, or nullptr on failure.
    */
-  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> create_decoder_();
+  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> create_decoder_(ImageFormat format);
 
   // Memory management
   uint8_t *buffer_{nullptr};
@@ -190,7 +215,6 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   int buffer_height_{0};
 
   // Decoding state
-  size_t total_size_{0};
   size_t decoded_bytes_{0};
 
   /** Fixed width requested on configuration, or 0 if not specified. */
@@ -208,6 +232,8 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
    * This is used to determine how to store 16 bit colors in the buffer.
    */
   bool is_big_endian_{false};
+  /** Whether buffer_ belongs to the caller, so it must not be freed or resized here. */
+  bool external_buffer_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py
index a36e8bfd28..62f5f46cb4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Runtime statistics component for ESPHome.
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Generate code for the runtime statistics component."""
     # Define USE_RUNTIME_STATS when this component is used
     cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_STATS")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py
index 13d49d3cfe..ac4bafbb1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 ruuvi_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ruuvi_ble")
 RuuviListener = ruuvi_ble_ns.class_(
-    "RuuviListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "RuuviListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RuuviListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ruuvi_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RuuviListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
index b73b73d56e..19753b3c9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #include "ruuvi_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ruuvi_ble";
 
-bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviParseResult &result) {
+bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const ble_device_base::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviParseResult &result) {
   const uint8_t data_type = adv_data[0];
   const auto *data = &adv_data[1];
   switch (data_type) {
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviP
       return false;
   }
 }
-optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   bool success = false;
   RuuviParseResult result{};
   for (auto &it : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &dev
   return result;
 }
 
-bool RuuviListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool RuuviListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   auto res = parse_ruuvi(device);
   if (!res.has_value())
     return false;
@@ -142,5 +140,3 @@ bool RuuviListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h
index e372b24944..d345790e3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble {
 
@@ -23,13 +21,11 @@ struct RuuviParseResult {
 
 bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(uint8_t data_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_length, RuuviParseResult &result);
 
-optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device);
+optional<RuuviParseResult> parse_ruuvi(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device);
 
-class RuuviListener final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class RuuviListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp
index 99c6b8ae26..1536befb1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "ruuvitag.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ruuvitag {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ruuvitag";
@@ -23,5 +21,3 @@ void RuuviTag::dump_config() {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvitag
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h
index 9602b82afc..fc2d05a642 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/ruuvitag.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::ruuvitag {
 
-class RuuviTag final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class RuuviTag final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
     if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_)
       return false;
 
@@ -77,5 +75,3 @@ class RuuviTag final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLi
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ruuvitag
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py
index af262b2950..1ea9c457f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvitag/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACCELERATION,
@@ -34,16 +34,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["ruuvi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "ruuvi_ble"]
 
 ruuvitag_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ruuvitag")
 RuuviTag = ruuvitag_ns.class_(
-    "RuuviTag", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "RuuviTag", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("ruuvitag"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RuuviTag),
@@ -116,15 +117,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py b/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
index 4f6310358c..40d10e9f6b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, time
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@beormund"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +32,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -45,13 +53,18 @@ async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def rx8130_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def rx8130_read_time_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
index 578376258a..9bc8a263c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from esphome import automation
+from esphome import automation, preferences
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_ATTEMPTS,
     CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_SAFE_MODE,
+    CONF_STORAGE,
     KEY_PAST_SAFE_MODE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawExpression, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@paulmonigatti", "@jsuanet", "@kbx81"]
 
 CONF_BOOT_IS_GOOD_AFTER = "boot_is_good_after"
+CONF_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN = "boot_is_good_on_shutdown"
 CONF_ON_SAFE_MODE = "on_safe_mode"
 
 safe_mode_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("safe_mode")
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ SafeModeComponent = safe_mode_ns.class_("SafeModeComponent", cg.Component)
 MarkSuccessfulAction = safe_mode_ns.class_("MarkSuccessfulAction", automation.Action)
 
 
-def _remove_id_if_disabled(value):
+def _remove_id_if_disabled(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     value = value.copy()
     if value[CONF_DISABLED]:
         value.pop(CONF_ID)
@@ -36,12 +39,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_BOOT_IS_GOOD_AFTER, default="1min"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN, default=True): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLED, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_NUM_ATTEMPTS, default="10"): cv.positive_not_null_int,
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT, default="5min"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SAFE_MODE): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            **preferences.storage_schema(),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     _remove_id_if_disabled,
@@ -58,7 +63,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def safe_mode_mark_successful_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def safe_mode_mark_successful_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
@@ -71,11 +81,14 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.APPLICATION)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not config[CONF_DISABLED]:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
+        if config[CONF_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN]:
+            cg.add_define("USE_SAFE_MODE_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN")
+
         if on_safe_mode := config.get(CONF_ON_SAFE_MODE):
             cg.add_define("USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK")
             cg.add_define("ESPHOME_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK_COUNT", len(on_safe_mode))
@@ -87,6 +100,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             config[CONF_NUM_ATTEMPTS],
             config[CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT],
             config[CONF_BOOT_IS_GOOD_AFTER],
+            preferences.is_in_flash(config[CONF_STORAGE]),
         )
         cg.add(RawExpression(f"if ({condition}) return"))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py
index 0731ca50f5..89e2475799 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import SafeModeComponent, safe_mode_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await button.new_button(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp
index 04203854fb..982ecf8402 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "safe_mode.button";
 
-void SafeModeButton::set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) {
-  this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component;
-}
-
 void SafeModeButton::press_action() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Restarting in safe mode");
   this->safe_mode_component_->set_safe_mode_pending(true);
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h
index 6012bb2aeb..035bd77802 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/button/safe_mode_button.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 class SafeModeButton final : public button::Button, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
-  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component);
+  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) { this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component; }
 
  protected:
   SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index 5c0047dca0..ce029b4f55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -117,19 +117,31 @@ void SafeModeComponent::dump_config() {
 
 float SafeModeComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
 
-void SafeModeComponent::mark_successful() {
-  this->clean_rtc();
-  this->boot_successful_ = true;
-#if defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
-// Mark OTA partition as valid to prevent rollback
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
+void SafeModeComponent::confirm_app_image_() {
+  // Mark the running app image as valid so the bootloader will not roll back
+  // to the previously flashed image
 #if defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   if (!boot_is_img_confirmed()) {
     boot_write_img_confirmed();
   }
 #elif defined(USE_ESP32)
-  // Mark OTA partition as valid to prevent rollback
-  esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
+  // esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback() acts on the partition selected
+  // for the next boot, not the running one. After an OTA update those differ:
+  // the new image is already selected, and marking it valid before it has ever
+  // booted would disable rollback protection for that update.
+  if (esp_ota_get_running_partition() == esp_ota_get_boot_partition()) {
+    esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
+  }
 #endif
+}
+#endif
+
+void SafeModeComponent::mark_successful() {
+  this->clean_rtc();
+  this->boot_successful_ = true;
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
+  this->confirm_app_image_();
 #endif
   // Disable loop since we no longer need to check
   this->disable_loop();
@@ -162,13 +174,13 @@ bool SafeModeComponent::get_safe_mode_pending() {
   return this->read_rtc_() == SafeModeComponent::ENTER_SAFE_MODE_MAGIC;
 }
 
-bool SafeModeComponent::should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t enable_time,
-                                               uint32_t boot_is_good_after) {
+bool SafeModeComponent::should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t enable_time, uint32_t boot_is_good_after,
+                                               bool in_flash) {
   this->safe_mode_start_time_ = millis();
   this->safe_mode_enable_time_ = enable_time;
   this->safe_mode_boot_is_good_after_ = boot_is_good_after;
   this->safe_mode_num_attempts_ = num_attempts;
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(RTC_KEY, false);
+  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(RTC_KEY, in_flash);
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
   // Check partition state to detect if bootloader supports rollback
@@ -266,6 +278,15 @@ void SafeModeComponent::clean_rtc() {
 void SafeModeComponent::on_safe_shutdown() {
   if (this->read_rtc_() != SafeModeComponent::ENTER_SAFE_MODE_MAGIC)
     this->clean_rtc();
+#if defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK) && defined(USE_SAFE_MODE_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN)
+  // An orderly shutdown (deep sleep, restart, power off) means the firmware is
+  // functional, so confirm the running app image even if boot_is_good_after has
+  // not elapsed yet. Without this, a device that enters deep sleep shortly
+  // after waking would have every OTA update rolled back by the bootloader on
+  // the next wake. Can be turned off with boot_is_good_on_shutdown: false for
+  // strict rollback semantics.
+  this->confirm_app_image_();
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::safe_mode
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
index 94db4357eb..0633c92a78 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ constexpr uint32_t RTC_KEY = 233825507UL;
 /// SafeModeComponent provides a safe way to recover from repeated boot failures
 class SafeModeComponent final : public Component {
  public:
-  bool should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t enable_time, uint32_t boot_is_good_after);
+  bool should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t enable_time, uint32_t boot_is_good_after, bool in_flash);
 
   /// Set to true if the next startup will enter safe mode
   void set_safe_mode_pending(const bool &pending);
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ class SafeModeComponent final : public Component {
  protected:
   void write_rtc_(uint32_t val);
   uint32_t read_rtc_();
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
+  void confirm_app_image_();
+#endif
 
   // Group all 4-byte aligned members together to avoid padding
   uint32_t safe_mode_boot_is_good_after_{60000};  ///< The amount of time after which the boot is considered successful
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py
index d656eee84a..529b023d68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SAFE_MODE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART_ALERT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import SafeModeComponent, safe_mode_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp
index f513465db0..b4b9735757 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "safe_mode.switch";
 
-void SafeModeSwitch::set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) {
-  this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component;
-}
-
 void SafeModeSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   // Acknowledge
   this->publish_state(false);
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h
index cbd79cd520..cb48023f63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/switch/safe_mode_switch.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 class SafeModeSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
-  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component);
+  void set_safe_mode(SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component) { this->safe_mode_component_ = safe_mode_component; }
 
  protected:
   SafeModeComponent *safe_mode_component_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
index f60e913a0c..37789100f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -131,8 +134,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     synchronous=True,
 )
 async def scd30_force_recalibration_with_reference_to_code(
-    config, action_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint16)
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
index 6f14118660..af3ff3a7af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny", "@martgras"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ SETTING_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -143,7 +146,12 @@ SCD4X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SCD4X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def scd4x_frc_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def scd4x_frc_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint16)
@@ -164,7 +172,12 @@ SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def scd4x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def scd4x_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/script/script.h b/esphome/components/script/script.h
index 790ac107c5..63d0ff7cb3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/script/script.h
+++ b/esphome/components/script/script.h
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class QueueingScript : public Script<Ts...>, public Com
       // Use std::make_unique to replace the unique_ptr
       this->var_queue_[write_pos] = std::make_unique<std::tuple<Ts...>>(x...);
       this->num_queued_++;
+      // Enable loop now that there is something to dequeue - don't call loop()
+      // synchronously! Let the event loop call it to avoid reentrancy issues
+      this->enable_loop();
       return;
     }
 
@@ -168,6 +171,15 @@ template<typename... Ts> class QueueingScript : public Script<Ts...>, public Com
       this->queue_front_ = (this->queue_front_ + 1) % queue_capacity;
       this->trigger_tuple_(*tuple_ptr, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     }
+    if (this->num_queued_ == 0 && !this->is_idle()) {
+      // Queue is now empty - disable loop until the next execute() queues an
+      // instance. The inline is_idle() check skips the out-of-line call when
+      // the loop is already disabled (execute() calls loop() synchronously).
+      // This can run before this component's setup() (execute() from on_boot),
+      // which leaves the state machine in LOOP_DONE and skips call_setup();
+      // this class therefore must not rely on a setup() override.
+      this->disable_loop();
+    }
   }
 
   void set_max_runs(int max_runs) { max_runs_ = max_runs; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
index e19a488800..0fdda25ed3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
 from esphome.core import Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import ExpressionStatement, RawExpression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .display import CONF_SDL_ID, Sdl
 
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SDL_ID])
     listener = Lambda(
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/display.py b/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
index 57266f33e2..5ced2edf5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import subprocess
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_Y,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 sdl_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sdl")
 Sdl = sdl_ns.class_("Sdl", display.Display, cg.Component)
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ WINDOW_OPTIONS = (
 SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED_MASK = 0x2FFF0000
 
 
-def get_sdl_options(value):
+def get_sdl_options(value: str) -> str:
     if value != "":
         return value
     try:
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ def get_sdl_options(value):
         raise cv.Invalid("Unable to run sdl2-config - have you installed sdl2?") from e
 
 
-def get_window_options():
+def get_window_options() -> dict[cv.Optional, Callable[[Any], Any]]:
     return {cv.Optional(option, default=False): cv.boolean for option in WINDOW_OPTIONS}
 
 
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for option in config[CONF_SDL_OPTIONS].split():
         cg.add_build_flag(option)
     cg.add_build_flag("-DSDL_BYTEORDER=4321")
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 9f84f91c72..d7af8da403 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_SDL_ID, Sdl, sdl_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SDL_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp
index a4fe6e7d35..1ebc7fa3d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ namespace esphome::sdm_meter {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sdm_meter";
 
-static const uint8_t MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS = 0x04;
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 80;  // 74 x 16-bit registers
 
-void SDMMeter::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void SDMMeter::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT * 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for SDMMeter!");
     return;
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void SDMMeter::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->export_reactive_energy_sensor_->publish_state(export_reactive_energy);
 }
 
-void SDMMeter::update() { this->send(MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS, 0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
+void SDMMeter::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
 void SDMMeter::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "SDM Meter:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h
index aa71fcaa47..e09b74bbc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sdm_meter.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::sdm_meter {
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class SDMMeter final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDevic
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py
index 46f5025080..8d7e981d93 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdm_meter/sensor.py
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("sdm_meter", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("sdm_meter", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py
index be2eec7baf..8a76ba4b13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdp3x/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py
index 2d7b6b07e5..e05d3b02e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sds011/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ sds011_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sds011")
 SDS011Component = sds011_ns.class_("SDS011Component", uart.UARTDevice, cg.Component)
 
 
-def validate_sds011_rx_mode(value):
+def validate_sds011_rx_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL in value and not value.get(CONF_RX_ONLY):
         update_interval = value[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL]
         if update_interval.total_minutes > 30:
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # In the default mode setup() writes config commands, so tx is required;
     # rx_only mode never writes, so tx is optional.
     uart.final_validate_device_schema(
@@ -75,13 +76,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         parity="NONE",
         stop_bits=1,
     )(config)
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Pop update_interval before register_component so it doesn't generate
     # a set_update_interval call — sds011 handles this via set_update_interval_min
     update_interval = config.pop(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, None)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
index f71239d18c..56630f18f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 # is the code owner of the relevant code base
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 
 # The async def keyword is used to define a concurrent function.
 # Concurrent functions are special functions designed to work with Python's asyncio library to support asynchronous I/O operations.
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # This line of code creates a new Pvariable (a Python object representing a C++ variable) with the variable's ID taken from the configuration.
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     # This line of code registers the newly created Pvariable as a component so that ESPHome can manage it at runtime.
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
index 26de1e4ac1..121eb2b4b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
index 1e68d7e071..3386118bcf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if restart_config := config.get(CONF_RESTART):
         b = await button.new_button(restart_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
index 4de3654e39..d01618b0e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if sensitivity_config := config.get(CONF_SENSITIVITY):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
index 14854f0795..9d46dee6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if scenemode_config := config.get(CONF_SCENE_MODE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
index ca15fd5be6..36ee2c0087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if custompresenceofdetection_config := config.get(
         CONF_CUSTOM_PRESENCE_OF_DETECTION
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
index 741e7de3ca..f9588d783e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if underlying_open_function_config := config.get(CONF_UNDERLYING_OPEN_FUNCTION):
         s = await switch.new_switch(underlying_open_function_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
index fadd9c6dbc..8f284cb20a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if heartbeat_config := config.get(CONF_HEART_BEAT):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(heartbeat_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
index 87bdbbd003..6bf8657af9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@limengdu"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
index 99940ebf6d..4130bac224 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60BHA2_ID, MR60BHA2Component
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60bha2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60BHA2_ID])
 
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
index d7f667d862..a2f41a90a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_BEATS_PER_MINUTE,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60BHA2_ID, MR60BHA2Component
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60bha2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60BHA2_ID])
     if breath_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BREATH_RATE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(breath_rate_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
index e79134deec..de6e8ad57b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@limengdu"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
index 2860ac0100..63bd02acd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY, DEVICE_CLASS_SAFETY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
 
     if people_exist_config := config.get(CONF_PEOPLE_EXIST):
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
index 8236248b8c..82f0fc9aea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component, mr60fda2_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
     if get_radar_parameters_config := config.get(CONF_GET_RADAR_PARAMETERS):
         b = await button.new_button(get_radar_parameters_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
index 2fea150cd2..6d8864455f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_ACCELERATION_Z
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component, mr60fda2_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
     if install_height_config := config.get(CONF_INSTALL_HEIGHT):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp
index f612b89934..688923d8e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ namespace esphome::selec_meter {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "selec_meter";
 
-static const uint8_t MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS = 0x04;
 static const uint8_t MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT = 34;  // 34 x 16-bit registers
 
-void SelecMeter::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void SelecMeter::on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+  auto data = modbus::helpers::server_pdu_payload(response_pdu);
   if (data.size() < MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT * 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid size for SelecMeter!");
     return;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void SelecMeter::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->maximum_demand_apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(maximum_demand_apparent_power);
 }
 
-void SelecMeter::update() { this->send(MODBUS_CMD_READ_IN_REGISTERS, 0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
+void SelecMeter::update() { this->read_input_registers(0, MODBUS_REGISTER_COUNT); }
 void SelecMeter::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "SELEC Meter:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h
index c367d1d15d..5ae1f9bf99 100644
--- a/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/selec_meter/selec_meter.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 namespace esphome::selec_meter {
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class SelecMeter final : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusClientDev
 
   void update() override;
 
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py
index ef4929c375..0d4e0fafc5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/selec_meter/sensor.py
@@ -164,14 +164,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    return modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("selec_meter", role="client")(config)
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    modbus.final_validate_modbus_device("selec_meter", role="client")(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await modbus.register_modbus_client_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select.cpp
index 17c6c811dd..05a0ee1ed9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ namespace esphome::select {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "select";
 
-void Select::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.c_str()); }
-
 void Select::publish_state(const char *state) {
   auto index = this->index_of(state);
   if (index.has_value()) {
@@ -34,21 +32,6 @@ void Select::publish_state(size_t index) {
 #endif
 }
 
-StringRef Select::current_option() const {
-  return this->has_state() ? StringRef(this->option_at(this->active_index_)) : StringRef();
-}
-
-bool Select::has_option(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option.c_str()).has_value(); }
-
-bool Select::has_option(const char *option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
-
-bool Select::has_index(size_t index) const { return index < this->size(); }
-
-size_t Select::size() const {
-  const auto &options = traits.get_options();
-  return options.size();
-}
-
 optional<size_t> Select::index_of(const char *option, size_t len) const {
   const auto &options = traits.get_options();
   for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select.h b/esphome/components/select/select.h
index 34d9248523..2294f34e62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select.h
@@ -33,27 +33,29 @@ class Select : public EntityBase {
   Select() = default;
   ~Select() = default;
 
-  void publish_state(const std::string &state);
+  void publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.c_str()); }
   void publish_state(const char *state);
   void publish_state(size_t index);
 
   /// Return the currently selected option, or empty StringRef if no state.
   /// The returned StringRef points to string literals from codegen (static storage).
   /// Traits are set once at startup and valid for the lifetime of the program.
-  StringRef current_option() const;
+  StringRef current_option() const {
+    return this->has_state() ? StringRef(this->option_at(this->active_index_)) : StringRef();
+  }
 
   /// Instantiate a SelectCall object to modify this select component's state.
   SelectCall make_call() { return SelectCall(this); }
 
   /// Return whether this select component contains the provided option.
-  bool has_option(const std::string &option) const;
-  bool has_option(const char *option) const;
+  bool has_option(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
+  bool has_option(const char *option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
 
   /// Return whether this select component contains the provided index offset.
-  bool has_index(size_t index) const;
+  bool has_index(size_t index) const { return index < this->size(); }
 
   /// Return the number of options in this select component.
-  size_t size() const;
+  size_t size() const { return this->traits.get_options().size(); }
 
   /// Find the (optional) index offset of the provided option value.
   optional<size_t> index_of(const char *option, size_t len) const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp
index ff52c0d85b..67a5118646 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,4 @@ void SelectTraits::set_options(const FixedVector<const char *> &options) {
   }
 }
 
-const FixedVector<const char *> &SelectTraits::get_options() const { return this->options_; }
-
 }  // namespace esphome::select
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h
index 78a83e5944..e1b261bc96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_traits.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class SelectTraits {
  public:
   void set_options(const std::initializer_list<const char *> &options);
   void set_options(const FixedVector<const char *> &options);
-  const FixedVector<const char *> &get_options() const;
+  const FixedVector<const char *> &get_options() const { return this->options_; }
 
  protected:
   FixedVector<const char *> options_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py
index 3910e6e4c9..58c09883b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen0321/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@notjj"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py
index 781a1213ac..fb695b14dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen21231/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_MOTION_SENSOR
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@shreyaskarnik"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp
index 588650e630..f8df89ee33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp
@@ -101,25 +101,31 @@ void SEN5XComponent::setup() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Serial number %s", this->serial_number_);
 
       uint16_t raw_product_name[16];
-      if (!this->get_register(SEN5X_CMD_GET_PRODUCT_NAME, raw_product_name, 16, 20)) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read product name");
-        this->error_code_ = PRODUCT_NAME_FAILED;
-        this->mark_failed();
-        return;
+      Sen5xType detected_type = Sen5xType::UNKNOWN;
+      if (this->get_register(SEN5X_CMD_GET_PRODUCT_NAME, raw_product_name, 16, 20)) {
+        const char *product_name = sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place(raw_product_name, 16);
+        if (strncmp(product_name, "SEN50", 5) == 0) {
+          detected_type = Sen5xType::SEN50;
+        } else if (strncmp(product_name, "SEN54", 5) == 0) {
+          detected_type = Sen5xType::SEN54;
+        } else if (strncmp(product_name, "SEN55", 5) == 0) {
+          detected_type = Sen5xType::SEN55;
+        }
       }
-      const char *product_name = sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place(raw_product_name, 16);
-      if (strncmp(product_name, "SEN50", 5) == 0) {
-        this->type_ = Sen5xType::SEN50;
-      } else if (strncmp(product_name, "SEN54", 5) == 0) {
-        this->type_ = Sen5xType::SEN54;
-      } else if (strncmp(product_name, "SEN55", 5) == 0) {
-        this->type_ = Sen5xType::SEN55;
-      } else {
+
+      if (this->model_override_.has_value()) {
+        if (detected_type != this->model_override_.value()) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Detected %s, using %s", LOG_STR_ARG(type_to_string(detected_type)),
+                   LOG_STR_ARG(type_to_string(this->model_override_.value())));
+        }
+        this->type_ = this->model_override_.value();
+      } else if (detected_type == Sen5xType::UNKNOWN) {
         this->type_ = Sen5xType::UNKNOWN;
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown product name: %.32s", product_name);
         this->error_code_ = PRODUCT_NAME_FAILED;
         this->mark_failed();
         return;
+      } else {
+        this->type_ = detected_type;
       }
 
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Type: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(type_to_string(this->type_)));
@@ -255,10 +261,12 @@ void SEN5XComponent::dump_config() {
     }
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  Type: %s\n"
+                "  Type: %s%s\n"
                 "  Firmware version: %d\n"
                 "  Serial number: %s",
-                LOG_STR_ARG(type_to_string(this->type_)), this->firmware_version_, this->serial_number_);
+                LOG_STR_ARG(type_to_string(this->type_)),
+                this->model_override_.has_value() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (overridden)") : LOG_STR_LITERAL(""),
+                this->firmware_version_, this->serial_number_);
   if (this->auto_cleaning_interval_.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Auto cleaning interval: %" PRId32 "s", this->auto_cleaning_interval_.value());
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h
index 6b5a1f8510..ed7689af52 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class SEN5XComponent final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::S
     temp_comp.time_constant = time_constant;
     this->temperature_compensation_ = temp_comp;
   }
+  void set_model(Sen5xType model) { this->model_override_ = model; }
   bool start_fan_cleaning();
 
  protected:
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ class SEN5XComponent final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::S
   optional<GasTuning> voc_tuning_params_;
   optional<GasTuning> nox_tuning_params_;
   optional<TemperatureCompensation> temperature_compensation_;
+  optional<Sen5xType> model_override_;
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
index 480654ee1b..e86c8bf899 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_NOX_INDEX, CONF_VOC_INDEX
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING,
@@ -12,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_INDEX_OFFSET,
     CONF_LEARNING_TIME_GAIN_HOURS,
     CONF_LEARNING_TIME_OFFSET_HOURS,
+    CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_NORMALIZED_OFFSET_SLOPE,
     CONF_NOX,
     CONF_OFFSET,
@@ -39,6 +43,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -49,6 +56,7 @@ SEN5XComponent = sen5x_ns.class_(
     "SEN5XComponent", cg.PollingComponent, sensirion_common.SensirionI2CDevice
 )
 RhtAccelerationMode = sen5x_ns.enum("RhtAccelerationMode")
+Sen5xType = sen5x_ns.enum("Sen5xType", is_class=True)
 
 CONF_ACCELERATION_MODE = "acceleration_mode"
 CONF_AUTO_CLEANING_INTERVAL = "auto_cleaning_interval"
@@ -63,6 +71,12 @@ ACCELERATION_MODES = {
     "high": RhtAccelerationMode.HIGH_ACCELERATION,
 }
 
+MODELS = {
+    "SEN50": Sen5xType.SEN50,
+    "SEN54": Sen5xType.SEN54,
+    "SEN55": Sen5xType.SEN55,
+}
+
 
 def _gas_sensor(
     *,
@@ -105,7 +119,7 @@ def _gas_sensor(
     )
 
 
-def float_previously_pct(value):
+def float_previously_pct(value: Any) -> Any:
     if isinstance(value, str) and "%" in value:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The value '{value}' is a percentage. Suggested value: {float(value.strip('%')) / 100}"
@@ -113,7 +127,9 @@ def float_previously_pct(value):
     return value
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_VOC, CONF_VOC_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen5x"),
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_NOX, CONF_NOX_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen5x"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SEN5XComponent),
@@ -145,7 +161,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_CLEANING_INTERVAL): cv.update_interval,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC): _gas_sensor(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC_INDEX): _gas_sensor(
                 index_offset=100,
                 learning_time_offset=12,
                 learning_time_gain=12,
@@ -153,7 +169,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 std_initial=50,
                 gain_factor=230,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX): _gas_sensor(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX_INDEX): _gas_sensor(
                 index_offset=1,
                 learning_time_offset=12,
                 learning_time_gain=12,
@@ -186,10 +202,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 }
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ACCELERATION_MODE): cv.enum(ACCELERATION_MODES),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL): cv.enum(MODELS, upper=True),
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x69))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x69)),
 )
 
 SENSOR_MAP = {
@@ -197,8 +214,8 @@ SENSOR_MAP = {
     CONF_PM_2_5: "set_pm_2_5_sensor",
     CONF_PM_4_0: "set_pm_4_0_sensor",
     CONF_PM_10_0: "set_pm_10_0_sensor",
-    CONF_VOC: "set_voc_sensor",
-    CONF_NOX: "set_nox_sensor",
+    CONF_VOC_INDEX: "set_voc_sensor",
+    CONF_NOX_INDEX: "set_nox_sensor",
     CONF_TEMPERATURE: "set_temperature_sensor",
     CONF_HUMIDITY: "set_humidity_sensor",
 }
@@ -210,7 +227,7 @@ SETTING_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -219,12 +236,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if cfg := config.get(key):
             cg.add(getattr(var, funcName)(cfg))
 
+    if (model := config.get(CONF_MODEL)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_model(model))
+
     for key, funcName in SENSOR_MAP.items():
         if cfg := config.get(key):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(cfg)
             cg.add(getattr(var, funcName)(sens))
 
-    if cfg := config.get(CONF_VOC, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
+    if cfg := config.get(CONF_VOC_INDEX, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
         cg.add(
             var.set_voc_algorithm_tuning(
                 cfg[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
@@ -235,7 +255,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 cfg[CONF_GAIN_FACTOR],
             )
         )
-    if cfg := config.get(CONF_NOX, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
+    if cfg := config.get(CONF_NOX_INDEX, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
         cg.add(
             var.set_nox_algorithm_tuning(
                 cfg[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
@@ -268,6 +288,11 @@ SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sen54_fan_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sen54_fan_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
index 5eb34add65..b0ffdc53a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_NOX_INDEX, CONF_VOC_INDEX
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CO2,
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras", "@mebner86", "@tuct"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -41,7 +43,10 @@ SEN6XComponent = sen6x_ns.class_(
     "SEN6XComponent", cg.PollingComponent, sensirion_common.SensirionI2CDevice
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_VOC, CONF_VOC_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen6x"),
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_NOX, CONF_NOX_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen6x"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SEN6XComponent),
@@ -89,12 +94,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
@@ -115,7 +120,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x6B))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x6B)),
 )
 
 SENSOR_MAP = {
@@ -125,14 +130,14 @@ SENSOR_MAP = {
     CONF_PM_10_0: "set_pm_10_0_sensor",
     CONF_TEMPERATURE: "set_temperature_sensor",
     CONF_HUMIDITY: "set_humidity_sensor",
-    CONF_VOC: "set_voc_sensor",
-    CONF_NOX: "set_nox_sensor",
+    CONF_VOC_INDEX: "set_voc_sensor",
+    CONF_NOX_INDEX: "set_nox_sensor",
     CONF_CO2: "set_co2_sensor",
     CONF_FORMALDEHYDE: "set_hcho_sensor",
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py
index e8c643f9b9..570fd3fadd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ from esphome.components import esp32, network, psram, socket, wifi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_HEIGHT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
     CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM,
+    CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 # mdns for autodiscovery
@@ -20,12 +24,16 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 DOMAIN = "sendspin"
 
+CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET = "display_offset"
 CONF_SENDSPIN_ID = "sendspin_id"
 
 CONF_INITIAL_STATIC_DELAY = "initial_static_delay"
 CONF_FIXED_DELAY = "fixed_delay"
 CONF_DECODE_MEMORY = "decode_memory"
 
+# Matches ARTWORK_MAX_SLOTS in sendspin-cpp.
+MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS = 4
+
 # sendspin-cpp library lives in the global `sendspin` namespace.
 sendspin_library_ns = cg.global_ns.namespace("sendspin")
 
@@ -36,9 +44,20 @@ CODEC_FORMAT_OPUS = SendspinCodecFormat.enum("OPUS")
 CODEC_FORMAT_PCM = SendspinCodecFormat.enum("PCM")
 CODEC_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED = SendspinCodecFormat.enum("UNSUPPORTED")
 
+SendspinImageFormat = sendspin_library_ns.enum("SendspinImageFormat", is_class=True)
+IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG = SendspinImageFormat.enum("JPEG")
+IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG = SendspinImageFormat.enum("PNG")
+IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP = SendspinImageFormat.enum("BMP")
+
+SendspinImageSource = sendspin_library_ns.enum("SendspinImageSource", is_class=True)
+IMAGE_SOURCE_ALBUM = SendspinImageSource.enum("ALBUM")
+IMAGE_SOURCE_ARTIST = SendspinImageSource.enum("ARTIST")
+
 # Library Structs
 AudioSupportedFormatObject = sendspin_library_ns.struct("AudioSupportedFormatObject")
 PlayerRoleConfig = sendspin_library_ns.struct("PlayerRoleConfig")
+ArtworkRoleConfig = sendspin_library_ns.struct("ArtworkRoleConfig")
+ImageSlotPreference = sendspin_library_ns.struct("ImageSlotPreference")
 
 # MemoryLocation enum (from sendspin/types.h) controls SPIRAM-vs-internal-RAM placement
 # preference for the player role's transfer buffers.
@@ -76,6 +95,7 @@ class SendspinConfiguration:
     player_support: bool = False
     visualizer_support: bool = False
 
+    artwork_preferences: list[ConfigType] = field(default_factory=list)
     player_config: ConfigType | None = None
 
 
@@ -110,6 +130,22 @@ def request_visualizer_support() -> None:
     _get_data().visualizer_support = True
 
 
+def register_artwork_preference(config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    """Register an artwork slot preference and return the slot it was given.
+
+    A slot is a preference's position in the list, which is also the order the roles are
+    advertised to the server in.
+    """
+    request_artwork_support()
+    preferences = _get_data().artwork_preferences
+    if len(preferences) >= MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Too many Sendspin image slots. Maximum is {MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS}."
+        )
+    preferences.append(config)
+    return len(preferences) - 1
+
+
 def register_player_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register the player role config from the media source subcomponent."""
     data = _get_data()
@@ -129,15 +165,16 @@ def _request_high_performance_networking(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """
     network.require_high_performance_networking()
     # Socket consumption varies by mode:
-    # - Server mode: 1 listening socket + 2 client connections (for handoff)
+    # - Server mode: 1 listening socket + 4 client connections (established connection, unproven connections, and a spare)
     # - Client mode: 1 outbound connection
     socket.consume_sockets(
         1, "sendspin_websocket_server", socket.SocketType.TCP_LISTEN
     )(config)
-    socket.consume_sockets(2, "sendspin_websocket_server")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(4, "sendspin_websocket_server")(config)
     socket.consume_sockets(1, "sendspin_websocket_client")(config)
 
     wifi.enable_runtime_power_save_control()
+    wifi.enable_runtime_roaming_suppression()
     return config
 
 
@@ -182,7 +219,7 @@ async def sendspin_switch_to_code(
     action_id: ID,
     template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
     args: TemplateArgsType,
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -197,7 +234,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         psram.request_external_task_stack()
 
     # sendspin-cpp library
-    esp32.add_idf_component(name="sendspin/sendspin-cpp", ref="0.6.1")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="sendspin/sendspin-cpp", ref="0.7.2")
 
     cg.add_define("USE_SENDSPIN", True)  # for MDNS
 
@@ -210,6 +247,29 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # and disable building unused code paths in the sendspin-cpp library (IDF SDKConfig via CONFIG_SENDSPIN_ENABLE_*).
     if data.artwork_support:
         cg.add_define("USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK", True)
+
+        # require_frame_done is always on: SendspinImageSlot always acks a delivery, either
+        # immediately or from the transition_finished action.
+        preference_structs = [
+            cg.StructInitializer(
+                ImageSlotPreference,
+                ("source", pref[CONF_SOURCE]),
+                ("format", pref[CONF_FORMAT]),
+                ("width", pref[CONF_WIDTH]),
+                ("height", pref[CONF_HEIGHT]),
+                ("require_frame_done", True),
+                ("display_offset_ms", pref[CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET]),
+            )
+            for pref in data.artwork_preferences
+        ]
+
+        artwork_psram_stack = bool(config.get(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM))
+        artwork_config = cg.StructInitializer(
+            ArtworkRoleConfig,
+            ("preferred_formats", preference_structs),
+            ("psram_stack", artwork_psram_stack),
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_artwork_config(artwork_config))
     else:
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SENDSPIN_ENABLE_ARTWORK", False)
 
@@ -237,7 +297,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             codecs.append(CODEC_FORMAT_OPUS)
         codecs.append(CODEC_FORMAT_PCM)
 
-        def _audio_format(codec, channels):
+        def _audio_format(codec: MockObj, channels: int) -> cg.StructInitializer:
             return cg.StructInitializer(
                 AudioSupportedFormatObject,
                 ("codec", codec),
@@ -254,9 +314,6 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if psram_stack:
             psram.request_external_task_stack()
 
-        # Library defaults: priority 18 (one above httpd_priority 17 so the decoder is not
-        # starved by the HTTP server during the initial encoded-audio burst at stream start),
-        # decode buffer location PREFER_EXTERNAL.
         player_struct_fields = [
             ("audio_formats", audio_format_structs),
             ("audio_buffer_capacity", player_cfg[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE]),
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c6c82b009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+"""Sendspin image platform."""
+
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import runtime_image
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SLOT
+from esphome.components.image import CONF_TRANSPARENCY, Image_, add_metadata
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_HEIGHT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_RESIZE,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_WIDTH,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import (
+    CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET,
+    CONF_SENDSPIN_ID,
+    IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP,
+    IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG,
+    IMAGE_SOURCE_ALBUM,
+    IMAGE_SOURCE_ARTIST,
+    SendspinHub,
+    register_artwork_preference,
+    sendspin_ns,
+)
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["runtime_image"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["sendspin"]
+
+# runtime_image refuses to size a buffer beyond this, so anything larger fails at setup rather
+# than at validation. The library's ImageSlotPreference width/height fields are uint16_t, which
+# is the looser of the two bounds.
+MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION = 32767
+
+# Sanity bound for display_offset; the library field is int32_t milliseconds and offsets beyond
+# a few seconds around the track boundary are meaningless.
+MAX_DISPLAY_OFFSET = cv.TimePeriod(seconds=60)
+MIN_DISPLAY_OFFSET = cv.TimePeriod(seconds=-60)
+
+CONF_CURRENT_IMAGE = "current_image"
+CONF_TRANSITION_IMAGE = "transition_image"
+CONF_ON_IMAGE_DISPLAY = "on_image_display"
+CONF_ON_IMAGE_CLEAR = "on_image_clear"
+CONF_ON_IMAGE_ERROR = "on_image_error"
+
+# Map runtime_image's validated format string to the sendspin library's SendspinImageFormat enum.
+# runtime_image accepts "JPG" as an alias for JPEG, so both keys map to the JPEG enum.
+_FORMAT_TO_SENDSPIN_ENUM = {
+    "JPEG": IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    "JPG": IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    "PNG": IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG,
+    "BMP": IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP,
+}
+
+# The library's SendspinImageSource::NONE is its internal "unset" sentinel; a slot advertising it
+# would never receive artwork while still paying for two frame buffers, so it is not offered here.
+IMAGE_SOURCES = {
+    "ALBUM": IMAGE_SOURCE_ALBUM,
+    "ARTIST": IMAGE_SOURCE_ARTIST,
+}
+
+# The platform entry configures an artwork slot; the images it shows are declared inside it. The
+# slot itself is the automation target (triggers and the transition_finished action).
+SendspinImageSlot = sendspin_ns.class_(
+    "SendspinImageSlot",
+    cg.Component,
+    cg.Parented.template(SendspinHub),
+)
+ArtworkImageView = sendspin_ns.class_("ArtworkImageView", Image_)
+
+# A dict rather than a bare ID so per-image options can be added later without a new top-level key.
+_IMAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(ArtworkImageView)})
+
+_CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(
+        CONF_ON_IMAGE_DISPLAY,
+        "add_on_image_display_callback",
+        [(cg.uint32, "lateness_ms")],
+    ),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_IMAGE_CLEAR, "add_on_image_clear_callback"),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_IMAGE_ERROR, "add_on_image_error_callback"),
+)
+
+
+def _assign_slot_and_register(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register the artwork preference with the hub and record the slot it was given."""
+    width, height = config[CONF_RESIZE]
+    if width > MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION or height > MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_RESIZE}' width and height must be {MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION} or less",
+            path=[CONF_RESIZE],
+        )
+
+    config[CONF_SLOT] = register_artwork_preference(
+        {
+            CONF_SOURCE: config[CONF_SOURCE],
+            CONF_FORMAT: _FORMAT_TO_SENDSPIN_ENUM[config[CONF_FORMAT]],
+            CONF_WIDTH: width,
+            CONF_HEIGHT: height,
+            CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET: config[CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET].total_milliseconds,
+        }
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+# The format, type, resize, transparency, byte order and placeholder keys all describe the slot:
+# they set what is requested from the server and how it is decoded, not either individual image.
+# Only the IDs are per-image, so runtime_image_schema declares the slot itself.
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    runtime_image.runtime_image_schema(SendspinImageSlot).extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SendspinImageSlot),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_SENDSPIN_ID): cv.use_id(SendspinHub),
+            # Narrow runtime_image's format list to what the library can request, so the
+            # accepted set and the enum map below cannot drift apart.
+            cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*_FORMAT_TO_SENDSPIN_ENUM, upper=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CURRENT_IMAGE): _IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSITION_IMAGE): _IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE, default="ALBUM"): cv.enum(
+                IMAGE_SOURCES, upper=True
+            ),
+            # Positive fires on_image_display before the server's display timestamp (negative
+            # delays it), so a cross-fade can straddle the track boundary.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DISPLAY_OFFSET, default="0ms"): cv.All(
+                cv.time_period,
+                # The library field is whole milliseconds; reject finer values rather than
+                # silently rounding them down to zero.
+                cv.time_period_in_milliseconds_,
+                cv.Range(min=MIN_DISPLAY_OFFSET, max=MAX_DISPLAY_OFFSET),
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IMAGE_DISPLAY): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IMAGE_CLEAR): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IMAGE_ERROR): automation.validate_automation({}),
+        }
+    ),
+    runtime_image.validate_runtime_image_settings,
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
+    _assign_slot_and_register,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    settings = await runtime_image.process_runtime_image_config(config)
+
+    def make_view(view_id: ID) -> cg.MockObj:
+        # Views start with no frame; the slot points them at its buffers in setup(). The size is
+        # given up front so the view is well formed before then. LVGL picks it up from the first
+        # lvgl.image.update in on_image_display, not from the widget's initial src: at that point
+        # the view still has no frame, so its descriptor is empty.
+        view = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            view_id,
+            cg.nullptr,
+            settings.width,
+            settings.height,
+            settings.image_type_enum,
+            settings.transparent,
+        )
+        add_metadata(
+            view_id,
+            settings.width,
+            settings.height,
+            config[CONF_TYPE],
+            config[CONF_TRANSPARENCY],
+        )
+        return view
+
+    current_image = make_view(config[CONF_CURRENT_IMAGE][CONF_ID])
+    if settings.placeholder is not None:
+        cg.add(current_image.set_placeholder(settings.placeholder))
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        config[CONF_SLOT],
+        current_image,
+        settings.width,
+        settings.height,
+        settings.format_enum,
+        settings.image_type_enum,
+        settings.transparent,
+        settings.byte_order_big_endian,
+    )
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SENDSPIN_ID])
+
+    if (transition_image := config.get(CONF_TRANSITION_IMAGE)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_transition_image(make_view(transition_image[CONF_ID])))
+
+    await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
+
+
+SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction = sendspin_ns.class_(
+    "SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(SendspinImageSlot),
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sendspin.image.transition_finished",
+    SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(SendspinImageSlot),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def sendspin_image_transition_finished_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> cg.MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/automation.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..154e62a4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK)
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "sendspin_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class SendspinImageTransitionFinishedAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SendspinImageSlot> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->transition_finished(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sendspin_
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..558a292d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#include "sendspin_image.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK)
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.image";
+
+// How long a displayed frame may wait for sendspin.image.transition_finished before a warning
+// names the missing ack. Generous next to a typical fade of a second or two.
+static constexpr uint32_t TRANSITION_ACK_WARNING_MS = 10000;
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop. Children set up after the hub, so the artwork role already exists.
+void SendspinImageSlot::setup() {
+  const size_t frame_size = this->decode_sink_.get_buffer_size(this->width_, this->height_);
+  if (frame_size == 0) {
+    // The sink would refuse a buffer of these dimensions, so every decode would fall back to
+    // allocating one of its own. Fail here instead, where the dimensions are already known.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot decode artwork at %dx%d", this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  for (uint8_t *&buffer : this->buffers_) {
+    buffer = allocator.allocate(frame_size);
+    if (buffer == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not allocate %zu bytes for an artwork frame. Largest free block: %zu", frame_size,
+               allocator.get_max_free_block_size());
+      for (uint8_t *&allocated : this->buffers_) {
+        allocator.deallocate(allocated, frame_size);
+        allocated = nullptr;
+      }
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    // Both buffers start black, so a transition has something to fade from before any artwork
+    // has arrived.
+    memset(buffer, 0, frame_size);
+  }
+
+  // Point both views at buffers_[current_index_] rather than the buffer the first decode writes
+  // into, so they name a frame that stays black until artwork arrives.
+  this->current_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+  }
+
+  this->parent_->add_image_decode_callback(
+      [this](uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, sendspin::SendspinImageFormat) {
+        if (slot == this->slot_)
+          this->on_decode_(data, length);
+      });
+  this->parent_->add_image_display_callback([this](uint8_t slot, uint32_t lateness_ms) {
+    if (slot == this->slot_)
+      this->on_display_(lateness_ms);
+  });
+  this->parent_->add_image_clear_callback([this](uint8_t slot) {
+    if (slot == this->slot_)
+      this->on_clear_();
+  });
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Dedicated artwork decode thread. The data pointer is valid only for this call.
+void SendspinImageSlot::on_decode_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  uint8_t *target;
+  {
+    // The lock makes the main loop's last swap of current_index_ visible here. The frame_done gate
+    // is what guarantees the buffer it picks out is not still needed by the main loop.
+    LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+    target = this->buffers_[this->current_index_ ^ 1];
+  }
+
+  // The server letterboxes artwork onto a canvas of exactly the requested dimensions, so the sink
+  // is pinned to them: a decode that asks for anything else is a malformed payload and drops the
+  // frame.
+  if (!this->decode_sink_.set_external_buffer(target, this->width_, this->height_)) {
+    // setup() rules this out, but decoding without the handover would allocate a frame-sized
+    // buffer on this thread, which is exactly what the permanent buffers exist to avoid.
+    this->report_error_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const bool decoded = this->decode_frame_(data, length, target);
+  // Ends any half-finished decode session (the decoder object is kept for reuse). An external
+  // buffer is let go of rather than freed, so this is safe on every path.
+  this->decode_sink_.release();
+
+  if (!decoded) {
+    // The buffer keeps whatever the failed decode painted into it, but no view names it while a
+    // decode can run, so nothing shows it.
+    this->report_error_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+  this->frame_pending_ = true;
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Artwork decode thread, with target already handed to the sink.
+bool SendspinImageSlot::decode_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, const uint8_t *target) {
+  if (!this->decode_sink_.begin_decode(length)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not start decode");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size_t total_consumed = 0;
+  while (total_consumed < length) {
+    int consumed = this->decode_sink_.feed_data(const_cast<uint8_t *>(data) + total_consumed, length - total_consumed);
+    if (consumed <= 0) {
+      // <0 is a decode error; 0 means the decoder cannot make progress (truncated/corrupt data).
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Decode failed at offset %zu (result %d)", total_consumed, consumed);
+      return false;
+    }
+    total_consumed += consumed;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->decode_sink_.end_decode()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not finalize decode");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // A decode that asked for other dimensions had the buffer taken away from it, so it painted
+  // nothing (or stopped partway). JPEG and BMP report that as an error above; PNG carries on
+  // regardless, so the frame is dropped here.
+  return this->decode_sink_.decoded_into(target);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired once the slot's offset-shifted display deadline is reached).
+void SendspinImageSlot::on_display_(uint32_t lateness_ms) {
+  bool frame_ready;
+  {
+    LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+    frame_ready = this->frame_pending_;
+    this->frame_pending_ = false;
+    if (frame_ready) {
+      // The decoded frame becomes the current one; the frame it replaces becomes the outgoing
+      // frame, and the next decode target once the transition is acked.
+      this->current_index_ ^= 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!frame_ready) {
+    // The decode for this display failed, so there is nothing new to show. The delivery still owes
+    // its ack or the library would withhold every later frame for this slot.
+    this->parent_->artwork_frame_done(this->slot_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // The frame this display replaces is only real artwork if something was already on screen.
+  const bool outgoing_is_artwork = this->showing_artwork_;
+  this->showing_artwork_ = true;
+  this->apply_frames_(outgoing_is_artwork);
+
+  // Armed before the trigger fires so an automation that acks synchronously still counts, and armed
+  // for the first frame too so the contract stays uniform: one transition_finished per display.
+  this->transition_pending_ = this->transition_image_ != nullptr;
+  if (this->transition_pending_) {
+    // The library holds back further deliveries until the ack, with no timeout, so an automation
+    // that never reaches the action stalls the slot with nothing in the log. Name the cause after
+    // a generous wait. Arming again replaces the previous timeout, so it cannot fire for a frame
+    // that was already acked and superseded.
+    this->set_timeout("transition_ack", TRANSITION_ACK_WARNING_MS, [this]() {
+      if (this->transition_pending_) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+                 "Slot %u: displayed artwork was never acknowledged; no new artwork will arrive until "
+                 "sendspin.image.transition_finished runs or the stream is cleared",
+                 this->slot_);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  this->image_display_callback_.call(lateness_ms);
+  if (this->transition_image_ == nullptr) {
+    this->finish_transition_();
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
+void SendspinImageSlot::finish_transition_() {
+  this->transition_pending_ = false;
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    // Move it off the buffer the next decode writes into. What it shows does not change: the
+    // buffer it moves to holds the artwork the transition just settled on.
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->transition_image_->set_showing_artwork(this->showing_artwork_);
+  }
+  // The ack wakes the decode thread, which may start writing buffers_[current_index_ ^ 1] straight
+  // away, so nothing may still name that buffer by the time this runs.
+  this->parent_->artwork_frame_done(this->slot_);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from the sendspin.image.transition_finished action).
+void SendspinImageSlot::transition_finished() {
+  if (!this->transition_pending_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->finish_transition_();
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired on stream end or clear for this slot).
+void SendspinImageSlot::on_clear_() {
+  {
+    LockGuard lock(this->pending_mutex_);
+    // Drop a frame that was decoded but never displayed; its buffer stays the decode target.
+    this->frame_pending_ = false;
+  }
+  // No pixels are touched and the views keep naming the frames they had: a widget goes on drawing
+  // the last artwork until the automation points it elsewhere or hides it. Only the display lambda
+  // path stops drawing the artwork, falling back to the placeholder.
+  this->current_image_->set_showing_artwork(false);
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    // Point it away from the decode target, as at setup, so it cannot show a frame being decoded.
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->transition_image_->set_showing_artwork(false);
+  }
+  this->showing_artwork_ = false;
+  // Drops a running transition. Its automation cannot be cancelled here, so a late
+  // transition_finished() can ack the next stream's first frame early, showing it without its
+  // transition. The ack count stays right.
+  this->transition_pending_ = false;
+  this->image_clear_callback_.call();
+  // A clear is itself a delivery owing exactly one ack, and it supersedes any un-acked frame --
+  // including one whose transition never signalled transition_finished(), so a stalled slot
+  // recovers here.
+  this->parent_->artwork_frame_done(this->slot_);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
+void SendspinImageSlot::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Artwork slot %u:\n"
+                "  Dimensions: %dx%d\n"
+                "  Frame buffers: 2 x %zu bytes\n"
+                "  Transition image: %s",
+                this->slot_, this->width_, this->height_,
+                this->decode_sink_.get_buffer_size(this->width_, this->height_),
+                YESNO(this->transition_image_ != nullptr));
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
+void SendspinImageSlot::apply_frames_(bool transition_is_artwork) {
+  this->current_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_], this->width_, this->height_);
+  this->current_image_->set_showing_artwork(true);
+  if (this->transition_image_ != nullptr) {
+    this->transition_image_->set_frame(this->buffers_[this->current_index_ ^ 1], this->width_, this->height_);
+    this->transition_image_->set_showing_artwork(transition_is_artwork);
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Artwork decode thread. Triggers must run on the main loop; defer() is thread-safe
+// here because the hub enables wake_loop_threadsafe support.
+void SendspinImageSlot::report_error_() {
+  this->defer([this]() { this->image_error_callback_.call(); });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sendspin_
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f6f4e8a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/image/sendspin_image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK)
+
+#include "esphome/components/image/image.h"
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <sendspin/artwork_role.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
+
+/// @brief Decode-only RuntimeImage that decodes into a buffer owned by SendspinImageSlot.
+///
+/// Runs exclusively on the sendspin library's artwork decode thread. RuntimeImage's decode path
+/// overwrites the fields the display reads (data_start_/width_/height_), so it must never be the
+/// object shown on screen.
+class ArtworkDecodeSink : public runtime_image::RuntimeImage {
+ public:
+  using runtime_image::RuntimeImage::RuntimeImage;
+
+  /// @brief True when the decode ended with the given buffer still in place.
+  ///
+  /// An external buffer is dropped rather than resized, so a decode that wanted other dimensions
+  /// leaves the sink holding nothing. The JPEG and BMP decoders report that as a decode error, but
+  /// the PNG decoder ignores it and reports success, so the outcome is checked here as well.
+  bool decoded_into(const uint8_t *buffer) const { return this->buffer_ == buffer; }
+};
+
+/// @brief A non-owning image::Image view over a buffer owned by SendspinImageSlot.
+///
+/// Each slot publishes its frames through these: one for the artwork on screen, and optionally a
+/// second for the outgoing frame during a cross-fade. A view always names a frame, black to begin
+/// with, so LVGL can be given it as a widget source before any artwork exists. Main loop only.
+class ArtworkImageView : public image::Image {
+ public:
+  using image::Image::Image;
+
+  void set_frame(const uint8_t *data, int width, int height) {
+    this->data_start_ = data;
+    this->width_ = width;
+    this->height_ = height;
+#ifdef USE_LVGL
+    // Keep the descriptor LVGL is handed in step with the frame. This does not redraw anything:
+    // only setting a widget's source invalidates it.
+    this->get_lv_image_dsc();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /// @brief Records whether the frame on show is real artwork rather than the black it starts as.
+  ///
+  /// Only changes what the display lambda path draws. The frame itself is left alone, so anything
+  /// reading the pixels directly (an LVGL widget) keeps drawing the last artwork until it is
+  /// pointed elsewhere.
+  void set_showing_artwork(bool showing_artwork) { this->showing_artwork_ = showing_artwork; }
+
+  void set_placeholder(image::Image *placeholder) { this->placeholder_ = placeholder; }
+
+  void draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on, Color color_off) override {
+    if (!this->showing_artwork_) {
+      // Nothing worth showing yet: the placeholder if there is one, otherwise leave the area be
+      // rather than paint a blank frame over it.
+      if (this->placeholder_ != nullptr) {
+        this->placeholder_->draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    image::Image::draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  image::Image *placeholder_{nullptr};
+  bool showing_artwork_{false};
+};
+
+/// @brief A single artwork slot: owns the frame buffers and publishes them to its image views.
+///
+/// BUFFERS: two buffers, allocated zeroed at setup and never freed. One holds the frame the current
+/// image shows; the other holds the outgoing frame a transition shows, and is where the next
+/// artwork is decoded. Each display swaps their roles.
+///
+/// THREADING: the sendspin library decodes on a dedicated thread and fires display/clear on the
+/// main loop. Decoding runs into decode_sink_, which writes into the buffer the current image is
+/// not showing; the swap that puts it on screen happens on the main loop. Every slot enables the
+/// library's require_frame_done gate, which withholds further deliveries for the slot (buffering
+/// the newest payload, latest wins) until the hub's artwork_frame_done() runs. That gate is what
+/// makes two buffers enough: no decode starts while the main loop still needs the outgoing frame.
+///
+/// LVGL: publishing a frame to a view updates the descriptor LVGL was handed but does not
+/// invalidate the widget, so every widget's source must be set again on each display.
+class SendspinImageSlot : public SendspinChild {
+ public:
+  SendspinImageSlot(uint8_t slot, ArtworkImageView *current_image, int width, int height,
+                    runtime_image::ImageFormat format, image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparency,
+                    bool is_big_endian)
+      : decode_sink_(format, type, transparency, nullptr, is_big_endian, width, height),
+        current_image_(current_image),
+        width_(width),
+        height_(height),
+        slot_(slot) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  template<typename F> void add_on_image_display_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->image_display_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_image_clear_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->image_clear_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_image_error_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->image_error_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  /// @brief Sets the optional view a transition draws the outgoing artwork from.
+  ///
+  /// It holds the outgoing frame while a transition is running and the current frame at any other
+  /// time, so it always names a picture and never the frame being decoded.
+  ///
+  /// Setting it is also what defers the library ack to transition_finished(): the ack releases the
+  /// outgoing frame to be decoded over, and this view is the only thing that still names it.
+  void set_transition_image(ArtworkImageView *transition_image) { this->transition_image_ = transition_image; }
+
+  /// @brief Signals that the display transition for the last frame has finished.
+  ///
+  /// Acks the library so the next artwork can be delivered, which also hands the outgoing frame's
+  /// buffer over to be decoded into. Safe no-op when no transition is pending (e.g. no transition
+  /// image is configured, a clear already ended the transition, or the call is a duplicate). Must
+  /// run on the main loop thread; exposed as the sendspin.image.transition_finished action.
+  void transition_finished();
+
+ protected:
+  void on_decode_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  bool decode_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, const uint8_t *target);
+  void on_display_(uint32_t lateness_ms);
+  void on_clear_();
+  void finish_transition_();
+  void apply_frames_(bool transition_is_artwork);
+  void report_error_();
+
+  ArtworkDecodeSink decode_sink_;
+
+  // The two frame buffers, allocated in setup() and never freed. Their contents are written on the
+  // decode thread and read by whatever draws the views, so only their roles are swapped, never the
+  // pointers themselves.
+  std::array<uint8_t *, 2> buffers_{};
+
+  // pending_mutex_ guards the two fields below, the only state shared across threads. Everything
+  // after them is touched on the main loop only.
+  Mutex pending_mutex_;
+  // Index into buffers_ of the frame the current image shows. buffers_[current_index_ ^ 1] holds
+  // the outgoing frame and is the next decode target. Written on the main loop, read on the
+  // decode thread.
+  uint8_t current_index_{0};
+  // Set on the decode thread once a frame is waiting in buffers_[current_index_ ^ 1].
+  bool frame_pending_{false};
+
+  // True once artwork has been displayed, until the next clear; decides whether the outgoing frame
+  // is real artwork or the black the buffers start as. Main loop only.
+  bool showing_artwork_{false};
+  // True while a displayed frame awaits transition_finished(); gates duplicate or stray calls
+  // so exactly one ack reaches the library per delivery. Main loop only.
+  bool transition_pending_{false};
+
+  ArtworkImageView *current_image_;
+  ArtworkImageView *transition_image_{nullptr};
+  int width_;
+  int height_;
+  uint8_t slot_;
+
+  LazyCallbackManager<void(uint32_t)> image_display_callback_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> image_clear_callback_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> image_error_callback_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sendspin_
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp
index beb2028689..fe0bda6f42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.cpp
@@ -34,11 +34,7 @@ void SendspinMediaPlayer::setup() {
           new_state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
           break;
       }
-      if (this->state != new_state) {
-        this->state = new_state;
-        this->publish_state();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
-      }
+      this->set_playback_state_(new_state);
     }
   });
 
@@ -52,11 +48,27 @@ void SendspinMediaPlayer::setup() {
     }
   });
 
+  // The connection dropped, so nothing is playing. The server never gets to send a final "stopped" group update, so
+  // without this the entity keeps reporting playing indefinitely. Volume and mute keep their last values, since
+  // media_player has no way to express an unknown volume.
+  this->parent_->add_controller_state_clear_callback(
+      [this]() { this->set_playback_state_(media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE); });
+
   // Publish an initial state
   this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
   this->publish_state();
 }
 
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (called from the callbacks registered in setup())
+void SendspinMediaPlayer::set_playback_state_(media_player::MediaPlayerState new_state) {
+  if (this->state == new_state) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->state = new_state;
+  this->publish_state();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
+}
+
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked by the media_player framework)
 media_player::MediaPlayerTraits SendspinMediaPlayer::get_traits() {
   auto traits = media_player::MediaPlayerTraits();
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h
index 651e1562be..ff76473189 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/sendspin_media_player.h
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ class SendspinMediaPlayer final : public SendspinChild, public media_player::Med
   // Receives commands from HA
   void control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) override;
 
+  /// @brief Publishes @p new_state if it differs from the current state.
+  void set_playback_state_(media_player::MediaPlayerState new_state);
+
   float volume_increment_{0.05f};
   bool muted_{false};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp
index 57709306cd..028491284a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.hub";
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+// Indexed by the library enums, which start at zero and are contiguous.
+static const char *const IMAGE_SOURCE_NAMES[] = {"ALBUM", "ARTIST", "NONE"};
+static const char *const IMAGE_FORMAT_NAMES[] = {"JPEG", "PNG", "BMP"};
+#endif
+
 void SendspinHub::setup() {
   auto config = this->build_client_config_();
   this->client_ = std::make_unique<sendspin::SendspinClient>(std::move(config));
@@ -37,6 +43,11 @@ void SendspinHub::setup() {
   this->client_->set_network_provider(this);
   this->client_->set_persistence_provider(this);
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  this->artwork_role_ = &this->client_->add_artwork(this->artwork_config_);
+  this->artwork_role_->set_listener(this);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
   this->controller_role_ = &this->client_->add_controller();
   this->controller_role_->set_listener(this);
@@ -67,6 +78,18 @@ void SendspinHub::dump_config() {
                 "  Client ID: %s\n"
                 "  Task stack in PSRAM: %s",
                 get_client_id_into_buffer(mac_buf), YESNO(this->task_stack_in_psram_));
+
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  // Slot indices come from the order the image platform entries were declared, so the log is the
+  // only place the mapping from a slot to the artwork it asked for can be read back.
+  uint8_t slot = 0;
+  for (const auto &preference : this->artwork_config_.preferred_formats) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Artwork slot %u: %s as %s, %ux%u, display offset %" PRId32 " ms", slot++,
+                  IMAGE_SOURCE_NAMES[static_cast<uint8_t>(preference.source)],
+                  IMAGE_FORMAT_NAMES[static_cast<uint8_t>(preference.format)], preference.width, preference.height,
+                  preference.display_offset_ms);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 // --- Delegating methods ---
@@ -129,6 +152,7 @@ void SendspinHub::on_request_high_performance() {
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
   if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr) {
     wifi::global_wifi_component->request_high_performance();
+    wifi::global_wifi_component->request_roaming_suppression();
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -137,6 +161,7 @@ void SendspinHub::on_release_high_performance() {
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
   if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr) {
     wifi::global_wifi_component->release_high_performance();
+    wifi::global_wifi_component->release_roaming_suppression();
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -172,12 +197,41 @@ std::optional<uint32_t> SendspinHub::load_last_server_hash() {
 
 // --- Sendspin role specific methods/overrides ---
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Dedicated artwork decode thread; downstream callbacks run here too
+void SendspinHub::on_image_decode(uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                                  sendspin::SendspinImageFormat format) {
+  this->artwork_image_decode_callbacks_.call(slot, data, length, format);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired from client_->loop() once the slot's offset-shifted display
+// deadline is reached; lateness_ms reports how far past the deadline the display slipped)
+void SendspinHub::on_image_display(uint8_t slot, uint32_t lateness_ms) {
+  this->artwork_image_display_callbacks_.call(slot, lateness_ms);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (fired from client_->loop())
+void SendspinHub::on_image_clear(uint8_t slot) { this->artwork_image_clear_callbacks_.call(slot); }
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from SendspinImageSlot once a delivery is fully presented)
+void SendspinHub::artwork_frame_done(uint8_t slot) {
+  if (this->artwork_role_ != nullptr) {
+    this->artwork_role_->frame_done(slot);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from ESPHome actions / other components)
 void SendspinHub::send_client_command(sendspin::SendspinControllerCommand command, std::optional<uint8_t> volume,
                                       std::optional<bool> mute) {
   if (this->is_ready()) {
-    this->controller_role_->send_command(command, volume, mute);
+    sendspin::ClientCommandControllerObject obj = {
+        .command = command,
+        .volume = volume,
+        .muted = mute,
+    };
+    this->controller_role_->send_command(obj);
   }
 }
 
@@ -185,6 +239,12 @@ void SendspinHub::send_client_command(sendspin::SendspinControllerCommand comman
 void SendspinHub::on_controller_state(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &state) {
   this->controller_state_callbacks_.call(state);
 }
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (ControllerRoleListener override, fired from client_->loop())
+// Unlike metadata, this cannot be fanned out as a default-constructed state object: volume and muted are plain values
+// rather than optionals, so children would read a real-looking 0% volume where we mean no value at all. A separate
+// callback lets each child clear only what it can represent.
+void SendspinHub::on_controller_state_clear() { this->controller_state_clear_callbacks_.call(); }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_METADATA
@@ -193,6 +253,12 @@ void SendspinHub::on_metadata(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadat
   this->metadata_update_callbacks_.call(metadata);
 }
 
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (MetadataRoleListener override, fired from client_->loop())
+// The cached metadata was dropped because the connection to the server was lost, so what the children now mirror is
+// the empty state. Fanning that out as a default-constructed state object rather than through a separate callback
+// keeps one code path in the children: every field is nullopt, which they already publish as empty/unknown.
+void SendspinHub::on_metadata_clear() { this->metadata_update_callbacks_.call(sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject{}); }
+
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop (invoked from Sendspin components)
 uint32_t SendspinHub::get_track_progress_ms() const {
   if (this->is_ready()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
index c6b1ed97f7..7c50c3eb80 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include <sendspin/config.h>
 #include <sendspin/types.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+#include <sendspin/artwork_role.h>
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
 #include <sendspin/controller_role.h>
 #endif
@@ -69,6 +72,9 @@ struct StaticDelayPref {
 ///    (for services the library pulls; e.g., persistence, network readiness).
 ///  - User -> library communication uses exposed functions on the client and role objects that the user calls.
 class SendspinHub final : public Component,
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+                          public sendspin::ArtworkRoleListener,
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
                           public sendspin::ControllerRoleListener,
 #endif
@@ -121,6 +127,27 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
   // --- Sendspin role specific methods ---
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  void set_artwork_config(const sendspin::ArtworkRoleConfig &config) { this->artwork_config_ = config; }
+
+  /// @brief Acknowledges the most recent artwork delivery (display or clear) for a slot.
+  ///
+  /// Every slot is configured with the library's require_frame_done gate, which withholds the
+  /// next delivery for the slot until this is called. Exactly one ack is owed per delivery; a
+  /// redundant call is a safe no-op in the library. Must be called from the main loop thread.
+  void artwork_frame_done(uint8_t slot);
+
+  template<typename F> void add_image_decode_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->artwork_image_decode_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_image_display_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->artwork_image_display_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_image_clear_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->artwork_image_clear_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
   void send_client_command(sendspin::SendspinControllerCommand command, std::optional<uint8_t> volume = std::nullopt,
                            std::optional<bool> mute = std::nullopt);
@@ -128,9 +155,18 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
   template<typename F> void add_controller_state_callback(F &&callback) {
     this->controller_state_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
   }
+
+  /// @brief Registers a callback that fires when the connection is lost and the cached controller state is dropped.
+  template<typename F> void add_controller_state_clear_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->controller_state_clear_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_METADATA
+  /// @brief Registers a callback that fires when the server sends metadata.
+  ///
+  /// Also fires when the connection is lost, with an all-empty state object (every field nullopt, timestamp 0) meaning
+  /// the cached metadata was dropped. Subscribers must treat an absent field as cleared, not as no update.
   template<typename F> void add_metadata_update_callback(F &&callback) {
     this->metadata_update_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
   }
@@ -171,13 +207,34 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
   // --- Sendspin role specific methods/overrides/member variables ---
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_ARTWORK
+  void on_image_decode(uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, sendspin::SendspinImageFormat format) override;
+
+  void on_image_display(uint8_t slot, uint32_t lateness_ms) override;
+
+  void on_image_clear(uint8_t slot) override;
+
+  sendspin::ArtworkRoleConfig artwork_config_{};
+  sendspin::ArtworkRole *artwork_role_{nullptr};
+
+  // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter by slot as needed.
+  CallbackManager<void(uint8_t, const uint8_t *, size_t, sendspin::SendspinImageFormat)>
+      artwork_image_decode_callbacks_{};
+  CallbackManager<void(uint8_t, uint32_t)> artwork_image_display_callbacks_{};
+  CallbackManager<void(uint8_t)> artwork_image_clear_callbacks_{};
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_CONTROLLER
   sendspin::ControllerRole *controller_role_{nullptr};
 
   void on_controller_state(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &state) override;
 
-  // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter as needed
-  CallbackManager<void(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &)> controller_state_callbacks_{};
+  void on_controller_state_clear() override;
+
+  // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter as needed. Only a media_player subscribes, while the switch
+  // action and the media source enable the controller role without one, so keep the idle cost to a single pointer.
+  LazyCallbackManager<void(const sendspin::ServerStateControllerObject &)> controller_state_callbacks_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> controller_state_clear_callbacks_{};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENDSPIN_METADATA
@@ -185,6 +242,8 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
   void on_metadata(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) override;
 
+  void on_metadata_clear() override;
+
   // Callback fan-out to child components; they filter as needed
   CallbackManager<void(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &)> metadata_update_callbacks_{};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py
index dc9b86c2a3..d6016ed91d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ def _request_roles(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 _HUB_ID_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(CONF_SENDSPIN_ID): cv.use_id(SendspinHub)})
 
 
-def _metadata_schema(**sensor_kwargs):
+def _metadata_schema(**sensor_kwargs: Any) -> cv.Schema:
     """Schema for event-driven numeric metadata sensors (duration/year/track)."""
     return (
         sensor.sensor_schema(
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp
index 68848a6f3e..dcbab75b65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/sendspin_sensor.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include <sendspin/metadata_role.h>
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 namespace esphome::sendspin_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.sensor";
@@ -20,6 +22,13 @@ void SendspinTrackProgressSensor::dump_config() {
 void SendspinTrackProgressSensor::setup() {
   this->parent_->add_metadata_update_callback([this](const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) {
     if (!metadata.progress.has_value()) {
+      // Progress is unknown: the server has not reported it, or it was cleared (e.g. on disconnect). Stop polling and
+      // report unknown rather than leaving the last position frozen on the frontend. Only the transition is published;
+      // NAN never compares equal to itself, so an unguarded publish would repeat on every metadata update.
+      this->stop_poller();
+      if (!std::isnan(this->get_raw_state())) {
+        this->publish_state(NAN);
+      }
       return;
     }
     const auto &progress = metadata.progress.value();
@@ -34,6 +43,11 @@ void SendspinTrackProgressSensor::setup() {
       this->start_poller();
     }
   });
+
+  // PollingComponent starts the poller before setup(), but there is nothing to interpolate yet:
+  // get_track_progress_ms() returns 0 until the server reports a position, so polling now would publish 0 every tick
+  // from boot until the first metadata arrives. The callback above starts it once playback is running.
+  this->stop_poller();
 }
 
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop.
@@ -80,15 +94,19 @@ std::optional<float> SendspinMetadataSensor::extract_value_(const sendspin::Serv
 // (SendspinHub dispatches metadata from client_->loop()).
 void SendspinMetadataSensor::setup() {
   this->parent_->add_metadata_update_callback([this](const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) {
-    if (auto value = this->extract_value_(metadata)) {
-      this->publish_if_changed_(*value);
-    }
+    // A field the server has not provided, or has explicitly cleared, is published as NAN (the sensor convention for
+    // unknown) rather than skipped, so a value that goes away does not linger from the previous track.
+    this->publish_if_changed_(this->extract_value_(metadata).value_or(NAN));
   });
 }
 
 // Dedup to avoid frontend churn; Sensor::publish_state always notifies without checking for changes.
 void SendspinMetadataSensor::publish_if_changed_(float value) {
-  if (this->get_raw_state() != value) {
+  const float current = this->get_raw_state();
+  // The raw state starts as NAN, so a field that is already cleared when the first update arrives is suppressed here
+  // as well: the frontend still shows the sensor as unknown, which is what a clear means. NAN never compares equal to
+  // itself, so a field that stays cleared would republish on every metadata update without the second check.
+  if (current != value && !(std::isnan(current) && std::isnan(value))) {
     this->publish_state(value);
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp
index 9843fb966e..554e01cf88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/sendspin_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -12,40 +12,40 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sendspin.text_sensor";
 
 void SendspinTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Sendspin", this); }
 
+// A field is nullopt when the server has not provided it or has explicitly cleared it. Both mean there is nothing to
+// show, so return the empty string and let the caller publish it; returning early would leave the previous track's
+// value on display.
+//
+// The empty string is not the same as unknown. A text sensor reports unknown through the API's missing_state flag,
+// which follows has_state(), and has_state() is only ever set, never cleared. Once a real value has been published,
+// an empty state is the closest we can get. The numeric sensors publish NAN, which does read as unknown.
 const char *SendspinTextSensor::extract_value_(const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) const {
   switch (this->metadata_type_) {
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::TITLE:
-      if (metadata.title.has_value())
-        return metadata.title.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.title.has_value() ? metadata.title.value().c_str() : "";
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::ARTIST:
-      if (metadata.artist.has_value())
-        return metadata.artist.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.artist.has_value() ? metadata.artist.value().c_str() : "";
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::ALBUM:
-      if (metadata.album.has_value())
-        return metadata.album.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.album.has_value() ? metadata.album.value().c_str() : "";
     case SendspinTextMetadataTypes::ALBUM_ARTIST:
-      if (metadata.album_artist.has_value())
-        return metadata.album_artist.value().c_str();
-      return nullptr;
+      return metadata.album_artist.has_value() ? metadata.album_artist.value().c_str() : "";
   }
-  return nullptr;
+  return "";
 }
 
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Main loop. The registered metadata callback also fires on the main loop
 // (SendspinHub dispatches metadata from client_->loop()).
 void SendspinTextSensor::setup() {
   this->parent_->add_metadata_update_callback([this](const sendspin::ServerMetadataStateObject &metadata) {
-    if (const char *value = this->extract_value_(metadata)) {
-      this->publish_if_changed_(value);
-    }
+    this->publish_if_changed_(this->extract_value_(metadata));
   });
 }
 
 // Dedup to avoid frontend churn; TextSensor::publish_state already dedups the string assign but still notifies.
 void SendspinTextSensor::publish_if_changed_(const char *value) {
+  // The state starts empty, so a field that is already cleared when the first update arrives is suppressed here: the
+  // entity stays unknown rather than being dropped out of it for good by an empty publish. Later clears do publish the
+  // empty string and fire on_value with it.
   if (this->get_raw_state() != value) {
     this->publish_state(value);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py b/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
index 277648137a..82368a60d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
@@ -109,6 +112,11 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def senseair_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def senseair_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index 5a2ebf03c0..79d4ce5e0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server, zigbee
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_B_CONSTANT
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ABOVE,
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION_INTENSITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_RADON,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_ENERGY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
@@ -166,6 +168,7 @@ DEVICE_CLASSES = [
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION_INTENSITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_RADON,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_ENERGY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
@@ -319,13 +322,25 @@ _SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTSensorComponent),
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sensor),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT): validate_unit_of_measurement,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS): validate_accuracy_decimals,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_STATE_CLASS): validate_state_class,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY): sensor_entity_category,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_UPDATE, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_EXPIRE_AFTER): cv.All(
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_unit_of_measurement,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_accuracy_decimals,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_STATE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_state_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): sensor_entity_category,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_FORCE_UPDATE, default=False, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_EXPIRE_AFTER, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"),
                 cv.Any(None, cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds),
             ),
@@ -1289,3 +1304,8 @@ def _lstsq(a, b):
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_global(sensor_ns.using)
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"filter.cpp": "USE_SENSOR_FILTER"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/automation.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 977719db9b..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/automation.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "automation.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::sensor {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "sensor.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::sensor
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
index 5f7f19769a..dbd6f4d34b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -164,8 +164,6 @@ optional<float> ExponentialMovingAverageFilter::new_value(float value) {
   }
   return {};
 }
-void ExponentialMovingAverageFilter::set_send_every(uint16_t send_every) { this->send_every_ = send_every; }
-void ExponentialMovingAverageFilter::set_alpha(float alpha) { this->alpha_ = alpha; }
 
 // ThrottleAverageFilter
 ThrottleAverageFilter::ThrottleAverageFilter(uint32_t time_period) : time_period_(time_period) {}
@@ -283,8 +281,11 @@ DeltaFilter::DeltaFilter(float min_a0, float min_a1, float max_a0, float max_a1)
 void DeltaFilter::set_baseline(float (*fn)(float)) { this->baseline_ = fn; }
 
 optional<float> DeltaFilter::new_value(float value) {
-  // Always yield the first value.
-  if (std::isnan(this->last_value_)) {
+  const bool no_value = std::isnan(value);
+  const bool no_reference = std::isnan(this->last_value_);
+  if (no_value && no_reference)
+    return {};
+  if (no_value || no_reference) {
     this->last_value_ = value;
     return value;
   }
@@ -293,8 +294,7 @@ optional<float> DeltaFilter::new_value(float value) {
   float min = fabsf(this->min_a0_ + ref * this->min_a1_);
   float max = fabsf(this->max_a0_ + ref * this->max_a1_);
   float delta = fabsf(value - ref);
-  // if there is no reference, e.g. for the first value, just accept this one,
-  // otherwise accept only if within range.
+  // accept only if within range
   if (delta > min && delta <= max) {
     this->last_value_ = value;
     return value;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
index b79bfa17d6..bc086e3805 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ class ExponentialMovingAverageFilter : public Filter {
 
   optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
 
-  void set_send_every(uint16_t send_every);
-  void set_alpha(float alpha);
+  void set_send_every(uint16_t send_every) { this->send_every_ = send_every; }
+  void set_alpha(float alpha) { this->alpha_ = alpha; }
 
  protected:
   float accumulator_{NAN};
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
index f9b8c375d2..4186fcf8b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NAME
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "uart"]
@@ -72,14 +73,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def _add_serial_proxy_count_define():
+async def _add_serial_proxy_count_define() -> None:
     """Emit the SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT define once with the final instance count."""
     count = _get_data().count
     if count > 0:
         cg.add_define("SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT", count)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
index 04c94e9292..94cefc8700 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
@@ -89,8 +89,14 @@ void SerialProxy::dump_config() {
                 this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr ? "configured" : "not configured");
 }
 
-void SerialProxy::configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits,
-                            uint8_t data_size) {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control,
+                                         uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size) {
+#ifdef USE_API
+  if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring configure request from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
+  }
+#endif
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
            "Configuring serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]: baud=%" PRIu32 ", flow_ctrl=%s, parity=%" PRIu8 ", stop=%" PRIu8
            ", data=%" PRIu8,
@@ -99,25 +105,29 @@ void SerialProxy::configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity
   auto *uart_comp = this->parent_;
   if (uart_comp == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UART component not available");
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
 
   // Validate all parameters before applying any (values come from a remote client)
   if (baudrate == 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid baud rate: 0");
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (stop_bits < 1 || stop_bits > 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid stop bits: %u (must be 1 or 2)", stop_bits);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (data_size < 5 || data_size > 8) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data bits: %u (must be 5-8)", data_size);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (parity > 2) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid parity: %u (must be 0-2)", parity);
-    return;
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  if (flow_control) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Hardware flow control requested but is not yet supported");
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 
   // Apply validated parameters
@@ -137,19 +147,37 @@ void SerialProxy::configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
   uart_comp->load_settings(true);
 #endif
-
-  if (flow_control) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Hardware flow control requested but is not yet supported");
-  }
+  return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
-void SerialProxy::write_from_client(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+void SerialProxy::write_from_client(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_API
+  // Bytes from a client other than the live subscriber would interleave with the
+  // subscriber's traffic on the wire
+  if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring write from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   if (data == nullptr || len == 0)
     return;
   this->write_array(data, len);
 }
 
-void SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(uint32_t line_states) {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states) {
+#ifdef USE_API
+  if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring modem pin request from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
+  }
+#endif
+  // Asserting a pin that is not configured must fail so the client learns the signal never
+  // reached the wire; deasserting an absent pin is harmless and stays allowed. Clients can
+  // avoid this by masking against SerialProxyInfo.configured_line_states.
+  if ((line_states & ~this->get_configured_modem_pins()) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Requested modem pin not configured on serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+  }
   const bool rts = (line_states & SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS) != 0;
   const bool dtr = (line_states & SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) != 0;
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting modem pins [%" PRIu32 "]: RTS=%s, DTR=%s", this->instance_index_, ONOFF(rts), ONOFF(dtr));
@@ -162,6 +190,7 @@ void SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(uint32_t line_states) {
     this->dtr_state_ = dtr;
     this->dtr_pin_->digital_write(dtr);
   }
+  return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
 uint32_t SerialProxy::get_modem_pins() const {
@@ -169,35 +198,69 @@ uint32_t SerialProxy::get_modem_pins() const {
          (this->dtr_state_ ? static_cast<uint32_t>(SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) : 0u);
 }
 
-uart::UARTFlushResult SerialProxy::flush_port() {
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::flush_port(api::APIConnection *api_connection) {
+#ifdef USE_API
+  // Flushing stalls the port, so it gets the same ownership check as writes
+  if (this->port_claimed_by_other_(api_connection)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring flush from client without port access [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
+  }
+#endif
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Flushing serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-  return this->flush();
+  switch (this->flush()) {
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+    case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED:
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR;
+  }
+  return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR;  // Unreachable; all enum values handled above
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_API
-void SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
+bool SerialProxy::port_claimed_by_other_(api::APIConnection *api_connection) const {
+  return this->api_connection_ != nullptr && this->api_connection_ != api_connection &&
+         this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup();
+}
+
+SerialProxyResult SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection,
+                                                    api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
   switch (type) {
     case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
+      if (this->api_connection_ == api_connection) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is already subscribed to serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
+        return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+      }
       if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
-        return;
+        // A living subscriber keeps exclusive access. Its connection may be dead without
+        // loop() having noticed yet (e.g. the client crashed and reconnected quickly);
+        // in that case let the new client take over instead of locking it out.
+        if (this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup()) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
+          return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous subscriber disconnected; taking over subscription");
       }
       this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
       this->enable_loop();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection subscribed to serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-      break;
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
     case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      // Unsubscribe is idempotent: not being subscribed is not an error
       if (this->api_connection_ != api_connection) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is not subscribed to serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-        return;
+        return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
       }
       this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
       this->disable_loop();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection unsubscribed from serial proxy [%" PRIu32 "]", this->instance_index_);
-      break;
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
-      break;
+      return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index e35fab3d42..a0e47ee686 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ enum SerialProxyLineStateFlag : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR = 1 << 1,  ///< DTR (Data Terminal Ready)
 };
 
+/// Result of a client-initiated operation; mapped to api::enums::SerialProxyStatus by the API layer
+enum class SerialProxyResult : uint8_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK,                ///< Operation completed or request accepted
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,   ///< Platform cannot confirm TX drain; success assumed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE,       ///< Denied: another live client holds the port
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,  ///< A parameter value is out of range
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR,             ///< Driver or hardware error
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT,           ///< Timed out before TX completed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED,     ///< Requested feature is not available on this instance
+};
+
 /// Maximum bytes to read from UART in a single loop iteration
 inline constexpr size_t SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE = 256;
 
@@ -67,32 +78,42 @@ class SerialProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   api::enums::SerialProxyPortType get_port_type() const { return this->port_type_; }
 
   /// Configure UART parameters and apply them
+  /// @param api_connection The API connection requesting the change
   /// @param baudrate Baud rate in bits per second
   /// @param flow_control True to enable hardware flow control
   /// @param parity Parity setting (0=none, 1=even, 2=odd)
   /// @param stop_bits Number of stop bits (1 or 2)
   /// @param data_size Number of data bits (5-8)
-  void configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size);
+  SerialProxyResult configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
+                              uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size);
 
   /// Get the currently subscribed API connection (nullptr if none)
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
 
   /// Handle a subscribe/unsubscribe request from an API client
-  void serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type);
+  SerialProxyResult serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type);
 
   /// Write data received from an API client to the serial device
+  /// @param api_connection The API connection sending the data
   /// @param data Pointer to data buffer
   /// @param len Number of bytes to write
-  void write_from_client(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  void write_from_client(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
 
   /// Set modem pin states from a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
-  void set_modem_pins(uint32_t line_states);
+  SerialProxyResult set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states);
 
   /// Get current modem pin states as a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
   uint32_t get_modem_pins() const;
 
+  /// Get the modem pins this instance can drive as a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
+  uint32_t get_configured_modem_pins() const {
+    return (this->rts_pin_ != nullptr ? static_cast<uint32_t>(SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS) : 0u) |
+           (this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr ? static_cast<uint32_t>(SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) : 0u);
+  }
+
   /// Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
-  uart::UARTFlushResult flush_port();
+  /// @param api_connection The API connection requesting the flush
+  SerialProxyResult flush_port(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
 
   /// Set the RTS GPIO pin (from YAML configuration)
   void set_rts_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->rts_pin_ = pin; }
@@ -104,6 +125,9 @@ class SerialProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 #ifdef USE_API
   /// Read from UART and send to API client (slow path with 256-byte stack buffer)
   void read_and_send_(size_t available);
+
+  /// True when a live subscriber other than the given connection holds the port
+  bool port_claimed_by_other_(api::APIConnection *api_connection) const;
 #endif
 
   /// Instance index for identifying this proxy in API messages
diff --git a/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
index c2eaefe455..666c7dbcdd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESTORE,
     CONF_TRANSITION_LENGTH,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 servo_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("servo")
 Servo = servo_ns.class_("Servo", cg.Component)
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -64,7 +67,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def servo_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def servo_write_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL], args, cg.float_)
@@ -82,6 +90,11 @@ async def servo_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def servo_detach_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def servo_detach_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py
index 8e8a57e341..b8039af9e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa30/sensor.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ghsensdev"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ SENSOR_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sfa40/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79568d458a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@NoQuarrel"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sfa40/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..701660eb8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FORMALDEHYDE,
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_GAS,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    ICON_FLASK_OUTLINE,
+    ICON_THERMOMETER,
+    ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
+
+CONF_WAIT_FOR_READY = "wait_for_ready"
+
+sfa40_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sfa40")
+SFA40Component = sfa40_ns.class_(
+    "SFA40Component", cg.PollingComponent, sensirion_common.SensirionI2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(SFA40Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WAIT_FOR_READY, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FORMALDEHYDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
+                icon=ICON_FLASK_OUTLINE,
+                accuracy_decimals=1,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_GAS,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                icon=ICON_THERMOMETER,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                icon=ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x5D))
+)
+
+SENSOR_MAP = {
+    CONF_FORMALDEHYDE: "set_formaldehyde_sensor",
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE: "set_temperature_sensor",
+    CONF_HUMIDITY: "set_humidity_sensor",
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_wait_for_ready(config[CONF_WAIT_FOR_READY]))
+
+    for key, func_name in SENSOR_MAP.items():
+        if sensor_config := config.get(key):
+            sens = await sensor.new_sensor(sensor_config)
+            cg.add(getattr(var, func_name)(sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.cpp b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d6bee3f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "sfa40.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::sfa40 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sfa40";
+
+// SFA40 Datasheet: https://sensirion.com/media/documents/5B06EDD9/69F84BD8/Sensirion_Datasheet_SFA40.pdf
+
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_START_MEASUREMENT = 0x00AC;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_STOP_MEASUREMENT = 0x50D2;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_PROD = 0xC0EB;
+// B4 (engineering-sample) command codes. Commands from here: https://github.com/DFRobot/DFRobot_SFA40
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_B4 = 0xE06D;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_PROD = 0x02CE;
+static const uint16_t SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_B4 = 0x0559;
+static const uint8_t STATUS_NOT_READY = 0x01;
+static const uint8_t STATUS_OUT_OF_SPEC = 0x02;
+
+static uint64_t raw_to_serial(const uint16_t *raw, size_t words) {
+  uint64_t serial = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words; i++) {
+    serial = (serial << 16) | raw[i];
+  }
+  return serial;
+}
+
+static void raw_to_marking(const uint16_t *raw, size_t words, char *out, size_t out_len) {
+  if (out_len < words * 2 + 1) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words; i++) {
+    out[i * 2] = static_cast<char>(raw[i] >> 8);
+    out[i * 2 + 1] = static_cast<char>(raw[i] & 0xFF);
+  }
+  out[words * 2] = '\0';
+}
+
+void SFA40Component::setup() {
+  this->write_command(SFA40_CMD_STOP_MEASUREMENT);
+  this->set_timeout(25, [this]() {
+    if (!this->detect_protocol_()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to detect SFA40 protocol");
+      this->error_code_ = PROTOCOL_DETECTION_FAILED;
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!this->write_command(SFA40_CMD_START_MEASUREMENT)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start measurements");
+      this->error_code_ = MEASUREMENT_INIT_FAILED;
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->initialized_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Measurement started");
+  });
+}
+
+bool SFA40Component::detect_protocol_() {
+  uint16_t raw[5] = {};
+  if (this->get_register(SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_PROD, raw, 3, 5)) {
+    this->protocol_version_ = ProtocolVersion::PRODUCTION;
+    this->serial_number_ = raw_to_serial(raw, 3);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected production SFA40, serial number: %012" PRIX64, this->serial_number_);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (this->get_register(SFA40_CMD_READ_ID_B4, raw, 5, 5)) {
+    this->protocol_version_ = ProtocolVersion::PROTOTYPE;
+    raw_to_marking(raw, 5, this->device_marking_, sizeof(this->device_marking_));
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected engineering-sample SFA40, marking: '%s'", this->device_marking_);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void SFA40Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "sfa40:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    switch (this->error_code_) {
+      case PROTOCOL_DETECTION_FAILED:
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Protocol detection failed!");
+        break;
+      case MEASUREMENT_INIT_FAILED:
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Measurement initialization failed!");
+        break;
+      default:
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown setup error!");
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  switch (this->protocol_version_) {
+    case ProtocolVersion::PRODUCTION:
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Protocol: production\n  Serial Number: %012" PRIX64, this->serial_number_);
+      break;
+    case ProtocolVersion::PROTOTYPE:
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Protocol: prototype (B4)\n  Marking: '%s'", this->device_marking_);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Protocol: (detecting...)");
+      break;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wait for ready: %s", YESNO(this->wait_for_ready_));
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Formaldehyde", this->formaldehyde_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+}
+
+void SFA40Component::update() {
+  if (!this->initialized_ || this->protocol_version_ == ProtocolVersion::UNKNOWN) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const uint16_t read_cmd = (this->protocol_version_ == ProtocolVersion::PRODUCTION) ? SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_PROD
+                                                                                     : SFA40_CMD_READ_MEASURE_B4;
+
+  if (!this->write_command(read_cmd)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error reading measurement");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->set_timeout(5, [this]() {
+    uint16_t raw[4];
+    if (!this->read_data(raw, 4)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error reading measurement data");
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t status = raw[3] >> 8;
+    const bool sensor_not_ready = (status & STATUS_NOT_READY) != 0;
+    const bool sensor_out_of_spec = (status & STATUS_OUT_OF_SPEC) != 0;
+
+    if (this->formaldehyde_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      if (sensor_out_of_spec) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Skipping formaldehyde publish: sensor out of spec (status=0x%02X)", status);
+      } else if (this->wait_for_ready_ && sensor_not_ready) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Skipping formaldehyde publish: sensor warming up");
+      } else {
+        this->formaldehyde_sensor_->publish_state(static_cast<float>(raw[0]) / 10.0f);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(clamp(125.0f * static_cast<float>(raw[1]) / 65535.0f - 6.0f, 0.0f, 100.0f));
+    }
+
+    if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(175.0f * (static_cast<float>(raw[2]) / 65535.0f) - 45.0f);
+    }
+
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sfa40
diff --git a/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.h b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f67607753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sfa40/sfa40.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sfa40 {
+
+// SFA40 Datasheet: https://sensirion.com/media/documents/5B06EDD9/69F84BD8/Sensirion_Datasheet_SFA40.pdf
+
+class SFA40Component final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+  void set_formaldehyde_sensor(sensor::Sensor *formaldehyde) { this->formaldehyde_sensor_ = formaldehyde; }
+  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity; }
+  void set_wait_for_ready(bool wait_for_ready) { this->wait_for_ready_ = wait_for_ready; }
+
+ protected:
+  enum ProtocolVersion : uint8_t {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    PRODUCTION = 1,
+    PROTOTYPE = 2,
+  };
+  enum ErrorCode : uint8_t {
+    UNKNOWN_ERROR = 0,
+    PROTOCOL_DETECTION_FAILED,
+    MEASUREMENT_INIT_FAILED,
+  };
+  bool detect_protocol_();
+  ProtocolVersion protocol_version_{UNKNOWN};
+  ErrorCode error_code_{UNKNOWN_ERROR};
+  char device_marking_[11]{};
+  bool initialized_{false};
+  bool wait_for_ready_{true};
+  uint64_t serial_number_{0};
+
+  sensor::Sensor *formaldehyde_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sfa40
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py
index 848e4e9f9f..beb549ce70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp30/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py
index d407f20a4e..1a88d190e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_NOX_INDEX, CONF_VOC_INDEX
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING,
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RADIATOR,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -34,15 +36,15 @@ SGP4xComponent = sgp4x_ns.class_(
 CONF_HUMIDITY_SOURCE = "humidity_source"
 
 
-def validate_sensors(config):
-    if CONF_VOC not in config and CONF_NOX not in config:
+def validate_sensors(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CONF_VOC_INDEX not in config and CONF_NOX_INDEX not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"At least one sensor is required. Define {CONF_VOC} and/or {CONF_NOX}"
+            f"At least one sensor is required. Define {CONF_VOC_INDEX} and/or {CONF_NOX_INDEX}"
         )
     return config
 
 
-def _gas_sensor_schema(index_offset_default: int):
+def _gas_sensor_schema(index_offset_default: int) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING): cv.Schema(
@@ -65,15 +67,17 @@ VOC_SENSOR = _gas_sensor_schema(100)
 NOX_SENSOR = _gas_sensor_schema(1)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_VOC, CONF_VOC_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sgp4x"),
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_NOX, CONF_NOX_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sgp4x"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SGP4xComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ).extend(VOC_SENSOR),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX_INDEX): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -107,11 +111,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add(var.set_store_baseline(config[CONF_STORE_BASELINE]))
 
-    if CONF_VOC in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_VOC])
+    if CONF_VOC_INDEX in config:
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_VOC_INDEX])
         cg.add(var.set_voc_sensor(sens))
-        if CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING in config[CONF_VOC]:
-            cfg = config[CONF_VOC][CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING]
+        if CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING in config[CONF_VOC_INDEX]:
+            cfg = config[CONF_VOC_INDEX][CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING]
             cg.add(
                 var.set_voc_algorithm_tuning(
                     cfg[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
@@ -123,11 +127,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 )
             )
 
-    if CONF_NOX in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_NOX])
+    if CONF_NOX_INDEX in config:
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_NOX_INDEX])
         cg.add(var.set_nox_sensor(sens))
-        if CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING in config[CONF_NOX]:
-            cfg = config[CONF_NOX][CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING]
+        if CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING in config[CONF_NOX_INDEX]:
+            cfg = config[CONF_NOX_INDEX][CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING]
             cg.add(
                 var.set_nox_algorithm_tuning(
                     cfg[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
index db56bd13f0..bc6fe794a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ void SGP4xComponent::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  this->serial_number_ = (uint64_t(raw_serial_number[0]) << 24) | (uint64_t(raw_serial_number[1]) << 16) |
+  this->serial_number_ = (uint64_t(raw_serial_number[0]) << 32) | (uint64_t(raw_serial_number[1]) << 16) |
                          (uint64_t(raw_serial_number[2]));
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Serial number: %" PRIu64, this->serial_number_);
 
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ void SGP4xComponent::setup() {
   featureset &= 0x1FF;
   if (featureset == SGP40_FEATURESET) {
     this->sgp_type_ = SGP40;
-    this->self_test_time_ = SPG40_SELFTEST_TIME;
     this->measure_time_ = SGP40_MEASURE_TIME;
     if (this->nox_sensor_) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "SGP41 required for NOx, disabling NOx sensor");
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ void SGP4xComponent::setup() {
     }
   } else if (featureset == SGP41_FEATURESET) {
     this->sgp_type_ = SGP41;
-    this->self_test_time_ = SPG41_SELFTEST_TIME;
     this->measure_time_ = SGP41_MEASURE_TIME;
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unknown feature set 0x%0X", featureset);
@@ -52,29 +50,6 @@ void SGP4xComponent::setup() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Version 0x%0X", featureset);
 
-  if (this->store_baseline_) {
-    // Hash with config hash, version, and serial number
-    // This ensures the baseline storage is cleared after OTA
-    // Serial numbers are unique to each sensor, so multiple sensors can be used without conflict
-    uint32_t hash = fnv1a_hash_extend(App.get_config_version_hash(), this->serial_number_);
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<SGP4xBaselines>(hash, true);
-
-    if (this->pref_.load(&this->voc_baselines_storage_)) {
-      this->voc_state0_ = this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0;
-      this->voc_state1_ = this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Loaded VOC baseline state0: 0x%04" PRIX32 ", state1: 0x%04" PRIX32,
-               this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0, voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
-    }
-
-    // Initialize storage timestamp
-    this->seconds_since_last_store_ = 0;
-
-    if (this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0 > 0 && this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1 > 0) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting VOC baseline from save state0: 0x%04" PRIX32 ", state1: 0x%04" PRIX32,
-               this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0, voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
-      voc_algorithm_.set_states(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0, this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
-    }
-  }
   if (this->voc_sensor_ && this->voc_tuning_params_.has_value()) {
     voc_algorithm_.set_tuning_parameters(
         voc_tuning_params_.value().index_offset, voc_tuning_params_.value().learning_time_offset_hours,
@@ -89,6 +64,33 @@ void SGP4xComponent::setup() {
         nox_tuning_params_.value().std_initial, nox_tuning_params_.value().gain_factor);
   }
 
+  if (this->store_baseline_) {
+    // Initialize storage timestamp
+    this->seconds_since_last_store_ = 0;
+
+    // Hash with config hash, version, and serial number
+    // This ensures the baseline storage is cleared after OTA
+    // Serial numbers are unique to each sensor, so multiple sensors can be used without conflict
+    uint32_t hash = fnv1a_hash_extend(App.get_config_version_hash(), this->serial_number_);
+    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<SGP4xBaselines>(hash, true);
+
+    if (this->pref_.load(&this->voc_baselines_storage_)) {
+      this->voc_state0_ = this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0;
+      this->voc_state1_ = this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1;
+
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Loaded VOC baseline state0: %f, state1: %f", this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0,
+               this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
+
+      if (std::isnormal(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0) && std::isnormal(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1)) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting VOC baseline from save state0: %f, state1: %f", this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0,
+                 this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
+        // Sensirion advises restoring states only after interruptions shorter than 10 minutes; with no way to know
+        // how long the device was off, restoring a stale state still beats a fresh 12-hour learning phase
+        voc_algorithm_.set_states(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0, this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   this->self_test_();
 
   /* The official spec for this sensor at
@@ -112,11 +114,15 @@ void SGP4xComponent::self_test_() {
     this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
     this->mark_failed();
+    return;
   }
 
-  this->set_timeout(this->self_test_time_, [this]() {
+  this->set_timeout(SGP4X_SELF_TEST_TIME, [this]() {
     uint16_t reply = 0;
-    if (!this->read_data(reply) || (reply != 0xD400)) {
+    // SGP40: MSB is 0xD4 on success, LSB is undefined; SGP41: MSB is undefined, LSB bits 0/1 flag VOC/NOx pixel
+    // failures
+    bool passed = this->read_data(reply) && (this->sgp_type_ == SGP41 ? (reply & 0x0003) == 0 : (reply >> 8) == 0xD4);
+    if (!passed) {
       this->error_code_ = SELF_TEST_FAILED;
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Self-test failed (0x%X)", reply);
       this->mark_failed();
@@ -134,19 +140,19 @@ void SGP4xComponent::update_gas_indices_() {
   if (this->nox_sensor_ != nullptr)
     this->nox_index_ = this->nox_algorithm_.process(this->nox_sraw_);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "VOC: %" PRId32 ", NOx: %" PRId32, this->voc_index_, this->nox_index_);
-  // Store baselines after defined interval or if the difference between current and stored baseline becomes too
-  // much
+  // Store baselines once the minimum interval has passed and the state has drifted from the stored copy;
+  // both conditions limit flash wear
   if (this->store_baseline_ && this->seconds_since_last_store_ > SHORTEST_BASELINE_STORE_INTERVAL) {
     this->voc_algorithm_.get_states(this->voc_state0_, this->voc_state1_);
-    if (std::abs(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0 - this->voc_state0_) > MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF ||
-        std::abs(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1 - this->voc_state1_) > MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF) {
+    if (std::abs(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0 - this->voc_state0_) > MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF_STATE0 ||
+        std::abs(this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1 - this->voc_state1_) > MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF_STATE1) {
       this->seconds_since_last_store_ = 0;
       this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0 = this->voc_state0_;
       this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1 = this->voc_state1_;
 
       if (this->pref_.save(&this->voc_baselines_storage_)) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stored VOC baseline state0: 0x%04" PRIX32 ", state1: 0x%04" PRIX32,
-                 this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0, this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stored VOC baseline state0: %f, state1: %f", this->voc_baselines_storage_.state0,
+                 this->voc_baselines_storage_.state1);
       } else {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Storing VOC baselines failed");
       }
@@ -185,27 +191,28 @@ void SGP4xComponent::measure_raw_() {
   uint16_t command;
   uint16_t data[2];
   size_t response_words;
-  // Use SGP40 measure command if we don't care about NOx
-  if (nox_sensor_ == nullptr) {
+  if (this->sgp_type_ == SGP40) {
     command = SGP40_CMD_MEASURE_RAW;
     response_words = 1;
+  } else if (this->nox_conditioning_start_.has_value() && millis() - *this->nox_conditioning_start_ < 10000) {
+    // SGP41 must run the NOx conditioning command for the first 10 seconds
+    command = SGP41_CMD_NOX_CONDITIONING;
+    response_words = 1;
   } else {
-    // SGP41 sensor must use NOx conditioning command for the first 10 seconds
-    if (this->nox_conditioning_start_.has_value() && millis() - *this->nox_conditioning_start_ < 10000) {
-      command = SGP41_CMD_NOX_CONDITIONING;
-      response_words = 1;
-    } else {
-      this->nox_conditioning_start_.reset();
-      command = SGP41_CMD_MEASURE_RAW;
-      response_words = 2;
-    }
+    this->nox_conditioning_start_.reset();
+    command = SGP41_CMD_MEASURE_RAW;
+    response_words = 2;
+  }
+  if (command == SGP41_CMD_NOX_CONDITIONING) {
+    // Conditioning requires the default parameters (compensation disabled)
+    data[0] = 0x8000;
+    data[1] = 0x6666;
+  } else {
+    // first parameter are the relative humidity ticks
+    data[0] = (uint16_t) std::llround((humidity * 65535) / 100);
+    // second parameter are the temperature ticks
+    data[1] = (uint16_t) (((temperature + 45) * 65535) / 175);
   }
-  uint16_t rhticks = (uint16_t) std::llround((humidity * 65535) / 100);
-  uint16_t tempticks = (uint16_t) (((temperature + 45) * 65535) / 175);
-  // first parameter are the relative humidity ticks
-  data[0] = rhticks;
-  // secomd parameter are the temperature ticks
-  data[1] = tempticks;
 
   if (!this->write_command(command, data, 2)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "write error (%d)", this->last_error_);
@@ -232,7 +239,9 @@ void SGP4xComponent::measure_raw_() {
 void SGP4xComponent::take_sample() {
   if (!this->self_test_complete_)
     return;
-  this->seconds_since_last_store_ += 1;
+  if (this->store_baseline_) {
+    this->seconds_since_last_store_ += 1;
+  }
   this->measure_raw_();
 }
 
@@ -275,7 +284,8 @@ void SGP4xComponent::dump_config() {
                   "  Type: %s\n"
                   "  Serial number: %" PRIu64 "\n"
                   "  Minimum Samples: %f",
-                  sgp_type_ == SGP41 ? "SGP41" : "SPG40", this->serial_number_, GasIndexAlgorithm_INITIAL_BLACKOUT);
+                  this->sgp_type_ == SGP41 ? "SGP41" : "SGP40", this->serial_number_,
+                  GasIndexAlgorithm_INITIAL_BLACKOUT);
   }
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
index a40188e629..2aaf06601b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 namespace esphome::sgp4x {
 
 struct SGP4xBaselines {
-  int32_t state0;
-  int32_t state1;
-} PACKED;  // NOLINT
+  float state0;
+  float state1;
+};
 
 enum SgpType { SGP40, SGP41 };
 
@@ -39,17 +39,19 @@ static const uint16_t SGP4X_CMD_SELF_TEST = 0x280e;
 static const uint16_t SGP40_CMD_MEASURE_RAW = 0x260F;
 static const uint16_t SGP41_CMD_MEASURE_RAW = 0x2619;
 static const uint16_t SGP41_CMD_NOX_CONDITIONING = 0x2612;
-static const uint8_t SGP41_SUBCMD_NOX_CONDITIONING = 0x12;
 
 // Shortest time interval of 3H for storing baseline values.
 // Prevents wear of the flash because of too many write operations
 const uint32_t SHORTEST_BASELINE_STORE_INTERVAL = 10800;
-static const uint16_t SPG40_SELFTEST_TIME = 250;  // 250 ms for self test
-static const uint16_t SPG41_SELFTEST_TIME = 320;  // 320 ms for self test
+static const uint16_t SGP4X_SELF_TEST_TIME = 320;  // maximum self-test duration for both SGP40 and SGP41
 static const uint16_t SGP40_MEASURE_TIME = 30;
 static const uint16_t SGP41_MEASURE_TIME = 55;
-// Store anyway if the baseline difference exceeds the max storage diff value
-const float MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF = 50.0f;
+// Once the store interval has passed, store only if the baseline drifted from the stored copy by more than these
+// state0 is mean of variance estimator, hence can have larger absolute values and a larger diff threshold
+const float MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF_STATE0 = 50.0f;
+// state1 is std of variance estimator, so it typically has smaller absolute values than state0, hence we use a smaller
+// diff threshold
+const float MAXIMUM_STORAGE_DIFF_STATE1 = 5.0f;
 
 class SGP4xComponent;
 
@@ -111,7 +113,6 @@ class SGP4xComponent final : public PollingComponent,
   uint64_t serial_number_;
 
   bool self_test_complete_;
-  uint16_t self_test_time_;
 
   sensor::Sensor *voc_sensor_{nullptr};
   VOCGasIndexAlgorithm voc_algorithm_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.cpp b/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.cpp
index 079665c959..136d0f1d58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "sha256.h"
 
 // Only compile SHA256 implementation on platforms that support it
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include <cstring>
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void SHA256::add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) { mbedtls_sha256_update(&this-
 
 void SHA256::calculate() { mbedtls_sha256_finish(&this->ctx_, this->digest_); }
 
-#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)
 
 SHA256::~SHA256() = default;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.h b/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.h
index d10d418c7a..26afe9e33e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sha256/sha256.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 // Only define SHA256 on platforms that support it
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #define USE_SHA256_MBEDTLS
 #include "mbedtls/sha256.h"
-#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)
 #include <bearssl/bearssl_hash.h>
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
 #include <openssl/evp.h>
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class SHA256 final : public esphome::HashBase {
   // The mbedtls context for ESP32-S3 hardware SHA requires proper alignment and stack frame constraints.
   // See class documentation above for critical requirements.
   mbedtls_sha256_context ctx_{};
-#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)
   br_sha256_context ctx_{};
   bool calculated_{false};
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
index f2ab5a4bc1..c166076e0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import hashlib
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
-import requests
-
-from esphome import pins
+from esphome import external_files, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, sensor, uart
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_SHA256
@@ -28,7 +27,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
+from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DOMAIN = "shelly_dimmer"
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ KNOWN_FIRMWARE = {
 }
 
 
-def parse_firmware_version(value):
+def parse_firmware_version(value: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
     match = re.fullmatch(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)", value)
     if match is None:
         raise ValueError(f"Not a valid version number {value}")
@@ -75,46 +76,86 @@ def parse_firmware_version(value):
     return major, minor
 
 
-def get_firmware(value):
+def _firmware_cache_path(name: str) -> Path:
+    return external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN) / f"{name}_fw_stm.bin"
+
+
+def _firmware_path(url: str, sha: str | None) -> Path:
+    """Cache path for a firmware blob: sha-keyed when verifiable, else
+    URL-keyed. Shared by the validator and the prefetch hook."""
+    return _firmware_cache_path(
+        sha.lower() if sha else external_files.url_cache_key(url)
+    )
+
+
+def get_firmware(value: ConfigType) -> list[HexInt] | None:
     if not value[CONF_UPDATE]:
         return None
 
-    def dl(url):
-        try:
-            req = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
-            req.raise_for_status()
-        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download firmware file ({url}): {e}") from e
-
-        h = hashlib.new("sha256")
-        h.update(req.content)
-        return req.content, h.hexdigest()
-
     url = value[CONF_URL]
 
-    if CONF_SHA256 in value:  # we have a hash, enable caching
-        path = Path(CORE.data_dir) / DOMAIN / (value[CONF_SHA256] + "_fw_stm.bin")
-
-        if not path.is_file():
-            firmware_data, dl_hash = dl(url)
-
-            if dl_hash != value[CONF_SHA256]:
-                raise cv.Invalid(
-                    f"Hash mismatch for {url}: {dl_hash} != {value[CONF_SHA256]}"
-                )
-
-            path.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-            path.write_bytes(firmware_data)
-
-        else:
+    if expected := value.get(CONF_SHA256):
+        expected = expected.lower()
+        path = _firmware_path(url, expected)
+        if path.is_file():
             firmware_data = path.read_bytes()
-    else:  # no caching, download every time
-        firmware_data, dl_hash = dl(url)
+            if hashlib.sha256(firmware_data).hexdigest() == expected:
+                return [HexInt(x) for x in firmware_data]
+            # A corrupted or foreign cache entry must never be trusted just
+            # because the file exists; discard it and download again.
+            path.unlink()
+        firmware_data = external_files.download_content(url, path)
+        if (actual := hashlib.sha256(firmware_data).hexdigest()) != expected:
+            path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"Hash mismatch for {url}: {actual} != {expected}")
+    else:
+        # No hash to verify the bytes, so an unrevalidated copy is an
+        # error rather than a silent fallback.
+        firmware_data = external_files.download_content(
+            url,
+            _firmware_path(url, None),
+            allow_stale=False,
+        )
 
     return [HexInt(x) for x in firmware_data]
 
 
-def validate_firmware(value):
+def _extract_firmware_ref(entry: ConfigType) -> RemoteFile | None:
+    firmware = entry.get(CONF_FIRMWARE)
+    if not isinstance(firmware, dict):
+        return None
+    try:
+        # cv.boolean, not truthiness: `update: "false"` is a valid False.
+        if not cv.boolean(firmware.get(CONF_UPDATE, False)):
+            return None
+    except cv.Invalid:
+        return None
+    url = firmware.get(CONF_URL)
+    sha = firmware.get(CONF_SHA256)
+    if url is None and (known := KNOWN_FIRMWARE.get(str(firmware.get(CONF_VERSION)))):
+        url, sha = known
+    if not isinstance(url, str):
+        return None
+    if sha is not None:
+        # Reject anything but a well-formed hash; a raw string would
+        # otherwise become a path component before validation runs.
+        try:
+            sha = validate_sha256(sha)
+        except (cv.Invalid, ValueError, TypeError):
+            return None
+    path = _firmware_path(url, sha)
+    if sha is not None and path.is_file():
+        # Content-addressed and already on disk; get_firmware verifies it
+        # by hash, so there is nothing to revalidate.
+        return None
+    # No hash means no stale copies, matching the validator's policy.
+    return RemoteFile(url, path, allow_stale=sha is not None)
+
+
+PREFETCH_FILES = external_files.single_stage_prefetch(_extract_firmware_ref)
+
+
+def validate_firmware(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = value.copy()
     if CONF_URL not in config:
         try:
@@ -127,14 +168,14 @@ def validate_firmware(value):
     return config
 
 
-def validate_sha256(value):
+def validate_sha256(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     if not re.fullmatch(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{64}", value):
         raise ValueError(f"Not a valid SHA256 hex string: {value}")
     return value
 
 
-def validate_version(value):
+def validate_version(value: str) -> str:
     parse_firmware_version(value)
     return value
 
@@ -191,7 +232,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     fw_hex = get_firmware(config[CONF_FIRMWARE])
     fw_major, fw_minor = parse_firmware_version(config[CONF_FIRMWARE][CONF_VERSION])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py
index 7ad34972d4..eadca15050 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_HEATER_ENABLED = "heater_enabled"
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py
index 871956f783..7fb52e37d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sjtrny"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py
index fdb1344fb7..bda48c07ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shtcx/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py
index 3423b40089..44fd819d25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shutdown/button/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 shutdown_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("shutdown")
 ShutdownButton = shutdown_ns.class_("ShutdownButton", button.Button, cg.Component)
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await button.register_button(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py
index 12cc477647..78026140cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shutdown/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 shutdown_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("shutdown")
 ShutdownSwitch = shutdown_ns.class_("ShutdownSwitch", switch.Switch, cg.Component)
@@ -14,6 +15,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py b/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py
index ca5b7a53e0..aca5f26457 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/output.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN, CONF_TURN_OFF_ACTION, CONF_TURN_ON_ACTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = []
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py
index 73807ba377..f3f82d7ce5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/slow_pwm/output.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TURN_OFF_ACTION,
     CONF_TURN_ON_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 slow_pwm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("slow_pwm")
 SlowPWMOutput = slow_pwm_ns.class_("SlowPWMOutput", output.FloatOutput, cg.Component)
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py
index 81e7c04c0e..2b555a59df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ SM10BIT_BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def register_sm10bit_base(config):
+async def register_sm10bit_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/sm10bit_base.h b/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/sm10bit_base.h
index b419b86dbf..a22c4da36e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/sm10bit_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sm10bit_base/sm10bit_base.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Sm10BitBase : public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
 
-  class Channel : public output::FloatOutput {
+  class Channel final : public output::FloatOutput {
    public:
     void set_parent(Sm10BitBase *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
     void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { channel_ = channel; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py
index e97bc440f4..3fb9ac3f06 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm16716/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 sm16716_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sm16716")
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py b/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py
index 2cfc38f5cc..08cec24fd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm16716/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM16716
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm16716/sm16716.h b/esphome/components/sm16716/sm16716.h
index 09deb2e8bf..8a76fd86f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm16716/sm16716.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sm16716/sm16716.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sm16716 {
 
-class SM16716 : public Component {
+class SM16716 final : public Component {
  public:
   class Channel;
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class SM16716 : public Component {
   /// Send new values if they were updated.
   void loop() override;
 
-  class Channel : public output::FloatOutput {
+  class Channel final : public output::FloatOutput {
    public:
     void set_parent(SM16716 *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
     void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { channel_ = channel; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py
index 28c92a42a7..537db5bbe4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2135/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@BoukeHaarsma23", "@matika77", "@dd32"]
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py b/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py
index a4ac7fc7da..80b4cb1a4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2135/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM2135
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2135/sm2135.h b/esphome/components/sm2135/sm2135.h
index 040ec14b7f..6bf77cf554 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2135/sm2135.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2135/sm2135.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ enum SM2135Current : uint8_t {
   SM2135_CURRENT_60MA = 0x0A,
 };
 
-class SM2135 : public Component {
+class SM2135 final : public Component {
  public:
   class Channel;
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class SM2135 : public Component {
   /// Send new values if they were updated.
   void loop() override;
 
-  class Channel : public output::FloatOutput {
+  class Channel final : public output::FloatOutput {
    public:
     void set_parent(SM2135 *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
     void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { channel_ = channel; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py
index 1b18a1d342..95037fd275 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2235/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sm10bit_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sm10bit_base", "output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(sm10bit_base.SM10BIT_BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sm10bit_base.register_sm10bit_base(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(0xC0))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py b/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py
index b17af2b1e0..29940a651e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2235/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM2235
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2235/sm2235.h b/esphome/components/sm2235/sm2235.h
index cdb754e298..dbb51945f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2235/sm2235.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2235/sm2235.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sm2235 {
 
-class SM2235 : public sm10bit_base::Sm10BitBase {
+class SM2235 final : public sm10bit_base::Sm10BitBase {
  public:
   SM2235() = default;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py
index 02a6d1f697..145c5a0117 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2335/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sm10bit_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sm10bit_base", "output"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cossid"]
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(sm10bit_base.SM10BIT_BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sm10bit_base.register_sm10bit_base(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(0xC0))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py b/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py
index 7fd00917bd..30f653b087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2335/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import SM2335
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm2335/sm2335.h b/esphome/components/sm2335/sm2335.h
index 44e0e5b03f..7c4f0269aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm2335/sm2335.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sm2335/sm2335.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sm2335 {
 
-class SM2335 : public sm10bit_base::Sm10BitBase {
+class SM2335 final : public sm10bit_base::Sm10BitBase {
  public:
   SM2335() = default;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py
index 29e0cfe9b1..e0f2b7b280 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sm300d2/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sm300d2/sm300d2.h b/esphome/components/sm300d2/sm300d2.h
index 629e758e30..87c60e92a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sm300d2/sm300d2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sm300d2/sm300d2.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sm300d2 {
 
-class SM300D2Sensor : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class SM300D2Sensor final : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   void set_co2_sensor(sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor) { co2_sensor_ = co2_sensor; }
   void set_formaldehyde_sensor(sensor::Sensor *formaldehyde_sensor) { formaldehyde_sensor_ = formaldehyde_sensor; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py
index d25e883fa1..07ca5bf444 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_DATA
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@alengwenus"]
 
@@ -46,14 +48,14 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
 
-def obis_code(value):
+def obis_code(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.string(value)
     match = re.match(r"^\d{1,3}-\d{1,3}:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$", value)
     if match is None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py
index e6d7180f17..64ac9773c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_OBIS_CODE, CONF_SERVER_ID, CONF_SML_ID, Sml, obis_code, sml_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_SERVER_ID], config[CONF_OBIS_CODE]
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/sensor/sml_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sml/sensor/sml_sensor.h
index d2f8a7743f..a73af28f66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/sensor/sml_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/sensor/sml_sensor.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sml {
 
-class SmlSensor : public SmlListener, public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
+class SmlSensor final : public SmlListener, public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
  public:
   SmlSensor(std::string server_id, std::string obis_code);
   void publish_val(const ObisInfo &obis_info) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/sml.h b/esphome/components/sml/sml.h
index 60a80e3ad8..b59526648d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/sml.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/sml.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class SmlListener {
   virtual void publish_val(const ObisInfo &obis_info){};
 };
 
-class Sml : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class Sml final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   void register_sml_listener(SmlListener *listener);
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 5a5ab658c4..feff4ef256 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FORMAT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_OBIS_CODE, CONF_SERVER_ID, CONF_SML_ID, Sml, obis_code, sml_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(
         config,
         config[CONF_SERVER_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/sml_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/sml_text_sensor.h
index 6194f22349..d445d514e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/sml_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/text_sensor/sml_text_sensor.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sml {
 
-class SmlTextSensor : public SmlListener, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
+class SmlTextSensor final : public SmlListener, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
   SmlTextSensor(std::string server_id, std::string obis_code, SmlType format);
   void publish_val(const ObisInfo &obis_info) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py b/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py
index f877ce2af0..632a1e7547 100644
--- a/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/smt100/sensor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h
index b68151eeb4..55977a5caf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h
+++ b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::smt100 {
 
-class SMT100Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class SMT100Component final : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   static const uint16_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 31;
 
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py
index f2ba5fedd1..4f21312fec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sn74hc165/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = []
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     data_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DATA_PIN])
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_sr_count(config[CONF_SR_COUNT]))
 
 
-def _validate_input_mode(value):
+def _validate_input_mode(value: bool) -> bool:
     if value is not True:
         raise cv.Invalid("Only input mode is supported")
     return value
@@ -77,7 +79,9 @@ SN74HC165_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def sn74hc165_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def sn74hc165_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     max_pins = parent_config[CONF_SR_COUNT] * 8
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= max_pins:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be less than {max_pins}")
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ def sn74hc165_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_SN74HC165, SN74HC165_PIN_SCHEMA, sn74hc165_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def sn74hc165_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sn74hc165_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SN74HC165])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sn74hc165/sn74hc165.h b/esphome/components/sn74hc165/sn74hc165.h
index 596f2eb4f5..9e80aa67bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sn74hc165/sn74hc165.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sn74hc165/sn74hc165.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sn74hc165 {
 
-class SN74HC165Component : public Component {
+class SN74HC165Component final : public Component {
  public:
   SN74HC165Component() = default;
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class SN74HC165Component : public Component {
 };
 
 /// Helper class to expose a SC74HC165 pin as an internal input GPIO pin.
-class SN74HC165GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC165Component> {
+class SN74HC165GPIOPin final : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC165Component> {
  public:
   void setup() override {}
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py
index 26e5c03802..367b65176b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sn74hc595/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT,
     CONF_TYPE,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GPIO:
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_sr_count(config[CONF_SR_COUNT]))
 
 
-def _validate_output_mode(value):
+def _validate_output_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if value.get(CONF_OUTPUT) is not True:
         raise cv.Invalid("Only output mode is supported")
     return value
@@ -103,7 +105,9 @@ SN74HC595_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def sn74hc595_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def sn74hc595_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     max_pins = parent_config[CONF_SR_COUNT] * 8
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= max_pins:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be less than {max_pins}")
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ def sn74hc595_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_SN74HC595, SN74HC595_PIN_SCHEMA, sn74hc595_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def sn74hc595_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sn74hc595_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SN74HC595])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.h b/esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.h
index 23977e3d04..0b291b9ee5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class SN74HC595Component : public Component {
 };
 
 /// Helper class to expose a SC74HC595 pin as an internal output GPIO pin.
-class SN74HC595GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC595Component> {
+class SN74HC595GPIOPin final : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC595Component> {
  public:
   void setup() override {}
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override {}
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class SN74HC595GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC595Component> {
   bool inverted_;
 };
 
-class SN74HC595GPIOComponent : public SN74HC595Component {
+class SN74HC595GPIOComponent final : public SN74HC595Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void set_data_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { data_pin_ = pin; }
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ class SN74HC595GPIOComponent : public SN74HC595Component {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_SPI
-class SN74HC595SPIComponent : public SN74HC595Component,
-                              public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
-                                                    spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_4MHZ> {
+class SN74HC595SPIComponent final : public SN74HC595Component,
+                                    public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
+                                                          spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_4MHZ> {
  public:
   void setup() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sntp/sntp_component.h b/esphome/components/sntp/sntp_component.h
index ef737c1978..686fb30d25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sntp/sntp_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sntp/sntp_component.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace esphome::sntp {
 /// The C library (newlib) available on ESPs only supports TZ strings that specify an offset and DST info;
 /// you cannot specify zone names or paths to zoneinfo files.
 /// \see https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html
-class SNTPComponent : public time::RealTimeClock {
+class SNTPComponent final : public time::RealTimeClock {
  public:
   SNTPComponent(const std::array<const char *, SNTP_SERVER_COUNT> &servers) : servers_(servers) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sntp/time.py b/esphome/components/sntp/time.py
index 69a2436d3d..9d849f9fe9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sntp/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sntp/time.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         [
             PLATFORM_ESP32,
             PLATFORM_ESP8266,
-            PLATFORM_RP2040,
+            PLATFORM_RP2,
             PLATFORM_BK72XX,
             PLATFORM_LN882X,
             PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _sntp_final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     servers = config[CONF_SERVERS]
 
     # Define server count at compile time
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
index 38d787c20a..edebed5d40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ from enum import StrEnum
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             CONF_IMPLEMENTATION,
             esp8266=IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP,
             esp32=IMPLEMENTATION_BSD_SOCKETS,
-            rp2040=IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP,
+            rp2=IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP,
             bk72xx=IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_SOCKETS,
             ln882x=IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_SOCKETS,
             rtl87xx=IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_SOCKETS,
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     impl = config[CONF_IMPLEMENTATION]
     if impl == IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP:
         cg.add_define("USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP")
@@ -181,16 +183,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT")
 
 
-def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
-    """Return list of socket implementation files that aren't selected by the user."""
-    impl = CORE.config["socket"][CONF_IMPLEMENTATION]
-
-    # Build list of files to exclude based on selected implementation
-    excluded = []
-    if impl != IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP:
-        excluded.append("lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp")
-    if impl != IMPLEMENTATION_BSD_SOCKETS:
-        excluded.append("bsd_sockets_impl.cpp")
-    if impl != IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_SOCKETS:
-        excluded.append("lwip_sockets_impl.cpp")
-    return excluded
+# Each implementation file is fully #ifdef'd on the define set in to_code
+# for the selected implementation.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp": "USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP",
+        "bsd_sockets_impl.cpp": "USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS",
+        "lwip_sockets_impl.cpp": "USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
index f9b652f14a..528d201799 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ struct iovec {
   size_t iov_len;
 };
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)
 // arduino-esp8266 declares a global vars called INADDR_NONE/ANY which are invalid with the define
 #ifdef INADDR_ANY
 #undef INADDR_ANY
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index c6692b0165..8d00dbede2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ extern "C" void esphome_wake_ota_component_any_context();
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #include <coredecls.h>  // For esp_schedule()
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
 #include <hardware/sync.h>  // For __sev(), __wfe()
 #include <pico/time.h>      // For add_alarm_in_ms(), cancel_alarm()
 #endif
@@ -43,7 +43,12 @@ namespace esphome::socket {
 // (Ethernet). On ESP8266, it's a no-op.
 #define LWIP_LOCK() esphome::LwIPLock lwip_lock_guard  // NOLINT
 
-static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
+static const char *const TAG = "socket";
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+// optimistic_yield() rate limit in microseconds of CONT time; cheap when hot.
+static constexpr uint32_t ESP8266_YIELD_INTERVAL_US = 1000;
+#endif
 
 // set to 1 to enable verbose lwip logging
 #if 0  // NOLINT(readability-avoid-unconditional-preprocessor-if)
@@ -535,6 +540,14 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read_locked_(void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Would block: yield to SYS so queued WiFi RX reaches lwip and this read
+  // may succeed. Without this, inbound segments can sit unprocessed for
+  // seconds while the main loop polls (CONT/SYS are cooperative on ESP8266).
+  if (this->waiting_for_data_()) {
+    optimistic_yield(ESP8266_YIELD_INTERVAL_US);
+  }
+#endif
   // See waiting_for_data_() for safety of unlocked reads.
   if (this->recv_timeout_cs_ > 0 && this->waiting_for_data_()) {
     this->wait_for_data_();
@@ -545,6 +558,8 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  // No ESP8266 SYS yield here: only read() needs it today. If a consumer
+  // switches to scatter-gather reads, mirror the yield from read().
   // See waiting_for_data_() for safety of unlocked reads.
   if (this->recv_timeout_cs_ > 0 && this->waiting_for_data_()) {
     this->wait_for_data_();
@@ -609,19 +624,24 @@ int LWIPRawImpl::internal_output_() {
   }
   LWIP_LOG("tcp_output(%p)", this->pcb_);
   err_t err = tcp_output(this->pcb_);
-  if (err == ERR_ABRT) {
-    // sometimes lwip returns ERR_ABRT for no apparent reason
-    // the connection works fine afterwards, and back with ESPAsyncTCP we
-    // indirectly also ignored this error
-    // FIXME: figure out where this is returned and what it means in this context
-    LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_ABRT");
-    return 0;
-  }
   if (err != ERR_OK) {
     LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-    errno = ECONNRESET;
-    return -1;
+    // ERR_ABRT: sometimes lwip returns it for no apparent reason; the
+    // connection works fine afterwards, and back with ESPAsyncTCP we
+    // indirectly also ignored this error, so treat it as success for
+    // flush purposes too.
+    // FIXME: figure out where this is returned and what it means in this context
+    if (err != ERR_ABRT) {
+      errno = ECONNRESET;
+      return -1;
+    }
   }
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Flushed: yield to SYS so the queued segments reach the WiFi driver
+  // instead of waiting seconds for an unrelated SYS slot. Callers only get
+  // here after a successful tcp_write, so idle paths never yield.
+  optimistic_yield(ESP8266_YIELD_INTERVAL_US);
+#endif
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py
index 06cde45cd6..ae2c65595a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MAX_VALUE, CONF_MIN_VALUE, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_USE_RM433_REMOTE = "use_rm433_remote"
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.h b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.h
index a92877e6c8..b7fcb1efa7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sonoff_d1 {
 
-class SonoffD1Output : public light::LightOutput, public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
+class SonoffD1Output final : public light::LightOutput, public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   // LightOutput methods
   light::LightTraits get_traits() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
index 44f31979b4..d217534041 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -95,7 +98,12 @@ SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 @automation.register_action(
     "sound_level.stop", StopAction, SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def sound_level_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sound_level_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h b/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h
index aabea62ca4..94c18421ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sound_level {
 
-class SoundLevelComponent : public Component {
+class SoundLevelComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void setup() override;
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ class SoundLevelComponent : public Component {
   uint32_t measurement_duration_ms_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SoundLevelComponent> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SoundLevelComponent> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SoundLevelComponent> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SoundLevelComponent> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py
index 97d09aad81..c995c2c087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_base/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@danielkent-net"]
 
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS = {
 SPA06Component = spa06_ns.class_("SPA06Component", cg.PollingComponent)
 
 
-def spa_oversample_time(oversample):
+def spa_oversample_time(oversample: str) -> float:
     # Pressure oversampling conversion times are listed on datasheet Pg. 26
     # Datasheet does not have a table for temperature oversampling;
     # assumption is that it is the same as pressure
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ def spa_oversample_time(oversample):
     return OVERSAMPLING_CONVERSION_TIMES[oversample]
 
 
-def spa_sample_rate(rate):
+def spa_sample_rate(rate: str) -> float:
     SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS_HZ = {
         "1": 1.0,
         "2": 2.0,
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ def spa_sample_rate(rate):
     return SAMPLE_RATE_OPTIONS_HZ[rate]
 
 
-def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config):
+def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     # - adds up sensor conversion time based on temperature and pressure oversampling rates given in datasheet
     # - returns a rounded up time in ms
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ def compute_measurement_conversion_time(config):
     return math.ceil(1.05 * (pressure_conversion_time + temperature_conversion_time))
 
 
-def measurement_timing_check(config):
+def measurement_timing_check(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
     temp_time = 0.0
     if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.add_extra(measurement_timing_check)
 
 
-async def to_code_base(config):
+async def to_code_base(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
index b48a5bca50..bffb4a4b4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..spa06_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -18,6 +19,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SPA06I2CComponent)})
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h
index 6b4bce3a4e..05e60cbb5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::spa06_i2c {
 
-class SPA06I2CComponent : public spa06_base::SPA06Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class SPA06I2CComponent final : public spa06_base::SPA06Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   bool spa_read_byte(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t *data) override { return read_byte(a_register, data); }
   bool spa_write_byte(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t data) override { return write_byte(a_register, data); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py b/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py
index b82186ec21..19cb99a831 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_spi/sensor.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 from esphome.components.spi import CONF_SPI_MODE
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..spa06_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 VALID_SPI_MODES = {3: "MODE3", "3": "MODE3", "MODE3": "MODE3"}
 
 
-def check_spi_mode(config):
+def check_spi_mode(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     spi_mode = config.get(CONF_SPI_MODE)
     if spi_mode not in VALID_SPI_MODES:
         raise cv.Invalid("SPA06 only supports SPI mode 3")
@@ -36,6 +37,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await to_code_base(config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_spi/spa06_spi.h b/esphome/components/spa06_spi/spa06_spi.h
index ffbc162d6f..56d72df620 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spa06_spi/spa06_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_spi/spa06_spi.h
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::spa06_spi {
 
-class SPA06SPIComponent : public spa06_base::SPA06Component,
-                          public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
-                                                spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_200KHZ> {
+class SPA06SPIComponent final : public spa06_base::SPA06Component,
+                                public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                                      spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_200KHZ> {
   void setup() override;
   bool spa_read_byte(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t *data) override;
   bool spa_write_byte(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t data) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/automation.h b/esphome/components/speaker/automation.h
index 9997b064d5..443588a04c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/automation.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::speaker {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class PlayAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class PlayAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
  public:
   void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
     this->data_.func = func;
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parente
   } data_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class VolumeSetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class VolumeSetAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, volume)
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MuteOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MuteOnAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit MuteOnAction(Speaker *speaker) : speaker_(speaker) {}
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MuteOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Speaker *speaker_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MuteOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MuteOffAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit MuteOffAction(Speaker *speaker) : speaker_(speaker) {}
 
@@ -63,22 +63,22 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MuteOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Speaker *speaker_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class FinishAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class FinishAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->finish(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsPlayingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsPlayingCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsStoppedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsStoppedCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Speaker> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_stopped(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h
index 89f4707ab3..02dad15de9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct InfoErrorEvent {
   optional<DecodingError> decoding_err;
 };
 
-class AudioPipeline {
+class AudioPipeline final {
  public:
   /// @param speaker ESPHome speaker component for pipeline's audio output
   /// @param buffer_size Size of the buffer in bytes between the reader and decoder
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/automation.h b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/automation.h
index 7843399866..f9e2127993 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/automation.h
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
 namespace esphome::speaker {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class PlayOnDeviceMediaAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SpeakerMediaPlayer> {
+template<typename... Ts>
+class PlayOnDeviceMediaAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SpeakerMediaPlayer> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(audio::AudioFile *, audio_file)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, announcement)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, enqueue)
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h
index 2d80377312..6470fb925c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ struct VolumeRestoreState {
   bool is_muted;
 };
 
-class SpeakerMediaPlayer : public Component,
-                           public media_player::MediaPlayer
+class SpeakerMediaPlayer final : public Component,
+                                 public media_player::MediaPlayer
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
     ,
-                           public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
+                                 public ota::OTAGlobalStateListener
 #endif
 {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h
index b436149a03..a03fa42477 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::speaker_source {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetPlaylistDelayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetPlaylistDelayAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetPlaylistDelayAction(SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
index 652390edd2..ab1f8edfed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ struct VolumeRestoreState {
   bool is_muted;
 };
 
-class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPlayer {
+class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer final : public Component, public media_player::MediaPlayer {
   friend struct SourceBinding;
 
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py
index 3c495f3160..9a9290e78e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speed/fan/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SPEED,
     CONF_SPEED_COUNT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import speed_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await fan.new_fan(config, config[CONF_SPEED_COUNT])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.h b/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.h
index c618d6bc5f..510b3e9621 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::speed {
 
-class SpeedFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
+class SpeedFan final : public Component, public fan::Fan {
  public:
   SpeedFan(int speed_count) : speed_count_(speed_count) {}
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py
index d1961cec59..dd2dce01c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
     only_on_variant,
 )
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_VARIANT,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ SPIMode = spi_ns.enum("SPIMode")
 PLATFORM_SPI_CLOCKS = {
     PLATFORM_ESP8266: 40e6,
     PLATFORM_ESP32: 80e6,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040: 62.5e6,
+    PLATFORM_RP2: 62.5e6,
 }
 
 MAX_DATA_RATE_ERROR = 0.05  # Max allowable actual data rate difference from requested
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ def _render_hz(value: float) -> str:
     return formatted + unit
 
 
-def _frequency_validator(value):
+def _frequency_validator(value: Any) -> float:
     platform = get_target_platform()
     frequency = PLATFORM_SPI_CLOCKS[platform]
     value = cv.frequency(value)
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ CONF_FORCE_SW = "force_sw"
 CONF_INTERFACE = "interface"
 CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX = "interface_index"
 CONF_RELEASE_DEVICE = "release_device"
+CONF_PSRAM_DMA = "psram_dma"
 TYPE_SINGLE = "single"
 TYPE_QUAD = "quad"
 TYPE_OCTAL = "octal"
@@ -136,6 +138,29 @@ TYPE_CLASS = {
     TYPE_OCTAL: OctalSPIComponent,
 }
 
+
+def _validate_psram_dma(value: Any) -> bool:
+    value = cv.boolean(value)
+    if not value:
+        return value
+    return cv.All(
+        cv.only_on_esp32,
+        cv.only_with_framework("esp-idf"),
+        only_on_variant(
+            supported=[
+                VARIANT_ESP32C5,
+                VARIANT_ESP32C61,
+                VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+                VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+                VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            ],
+            msg_prefix="PSRAM DMA",
+        ),
+        cv.require_framework_version(esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 5, 3)),
+        cv.requires_component("psram"),
+    )(value)
+
+
 # RP2040 SPI pin assignments are complicated;
 # refer to GPIO function select table in https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
 
@@ -153,17 +178,17 @@ RP_SPI_PINSETS = [
 ]
 
 
-def get_target_platform():
+def get_target_platform() -> str:
     return CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM]
 
 
-def get_target_variant():
+def get_target_variant() -> str:
     return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_VARIANT, "")
 
 
 # Get a list of available hardware interfaces based on target and variant.
 # The returned value is a list of lists of names
-def get_hw_interface_list():
+def get_hw_interface_list() -> list[list[str]]:
     target_platform = get_target_platform()
     if target_platform == PLATFORM_ESP8266:
         return [["spi", "hspi"]]
@@ -179,7 +204,7 @@ def get_hw_interface_list():
         ]:
             return [["spi", "spi2"]]
         return [["spi", "spi2"], ["spi3"]]
-    if target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2040:
+    if target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2:
         return [["spi"], ["spi1"]]
     return []
 
@@ -196,7 +221,7 @@ def one_of_interface_validator(additional_values: list[str] | None = None) -> An
     if additional_values is None:
         additional_values = []
 
-    def validator(value: str) -> str:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> str:
         return cv.one_of(
             *sum(get_hw_interface_list(), additional_values),
             lower=True,
@@ -206,7 +231,7 @@ def one_of_interface_validator(additional_values: list[str] | None = None) -> An
 
 
 # Given an SPI name, return the index of it in the available list
-def get_spi_index(name):
+def get_spi_index(name: str) -> int:
     for i, ilist in enumerate(get_hw_interface_list()):
         if name in ilist:
             return i
@@ -218,7 +243,7 @@ def get_spi_index(name):
 # \param spi the config data for the spi instance
 # \param index the selected hw interface number, -1 if not yet known
 # TODO verify that the pins are internal
-def validate_hw_pins(spi, index=-1):
+def validate_hw_pins(spi: ConfigType, index: int = -1) -> bool:
     clk_pin = spi[CONF_CLK_PIN]
     if clk_pin[CONF_INVERTED]:
         return False
@@ -247,7 +272,7 @@ def validate_hw_pins(spi, index=-1):
     if target_platform == PLATFORM_ESP32:
         return clk_pin_no >= 0
 
-    if target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2040:
+    if target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2:
         if index == -1:
             matches = list(
                 filter(lambda s: clk_pin_no in s[CONF_CLK_PIN], RP_SPI_PINSETS)
@@ -265,7 +290,7 @@ def validate_hw_pins(spi, index=-1):
     return False
 
 
-def get_hw_spi(config, available):
+def get_hw_spi(config: ConfigType, available: list[int]) -> int | None:
     """Get an available hardware spi interface suitable for this config"""
     matching = list(filter(lambda idx: validate_hw_pins(config, idx), available))
     if len(matching) != 0:
@@ -273,7 +298,7 @@ def get_hw_spi(config, available):
     return None
 
 
-def validate_spi_config(config):
+def validate_spi_config(config: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
     available = list(range(len(get_hw_interface_list())))
     for spi in config:
         interface = spi[CONF_INTERFACE]
@@ -317,13 +342,13 @@ def validate_spi_config(config):
 
 
 # Given an SPI index, convert to a string that represents the C++ object for it.
-def get_spi_interface(index):
+def get_spi_interface(index: int) -> str:
     platform = get_target_platform()
     if platform == PLATFORM_ESP32:
         # ESP32 uses ESP-IDF SPI driver for both Arduino and IDF frameworks
         return ["SPI2_HOST", "SPI3_HOST"][index]
     # Arduino code follows
-    if platform == PLATFORM_RP2040:
+    if platform == PLATFORM_RP2:
         return ["&SPI", "&SPI1"][index]
     if index == 0:
         return "&SPI"
@@ -349,11 +374,11 @@ SPI_SINGLE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_MISO_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN),
-    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_RP2040]),
+    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_RP2]),
 )
 
 
-def spi_mode_schema(mode):
+def spi_mode_schema(mode: str) -> cv.Schema:
     if mode == TYPE_SINGLE:
         return SPI_SINGLE_SCHEMA
     pin_count = 4 if mode == TYPE_QUAD else 8
@@ -400,7 +425,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.BUS)
-async def to_code(configs):
+async def to_code(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_SPI")
     cg.add_global(spi_ns.using)
     if CORE.using_arduino and not CORE.is_esp32:
@@ -427,11 +452,11 @@ async def to_code(configs):
 
 
 def spi_device_schema(
-    cs_pin_required=True,
-    default_data_rate=cv.UNDEFINED,
-    default_mode=cv.UNDEFINED,
-    mode=TYPE_SINGLE,
-):
+    cs_pin_required: bool = True,
+    default_data_rate: Any = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    default_mode: Any = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    mode: str = TYPE_SINGLE,
+) -> cv.Schema:
     """Create a schema for an SPI device.
     :param cs_pin_required: If true, make the CS_PIN required in the config.
     :param default_data_rate: Optional data_rate to use as default
@@ -450,13 +475,14 @@ def spi_device_schema(
                 SPI_MODE_OPTIONS, upper=True
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RELEASE_DEVICE): cv.All(cv.boolean, cv.only_on_esp32),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PSRAM_DMA): _validate_psram_dma,
             cs_pin_option(CONF_CS_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
         }
     )
 
 
 async def register_spi_device(
-    var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType, write_only: bool = False
+    var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType, write_only: bool = False
 ) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SPI_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_spi_parent(parent))
@@ -471,9 +497,14 @@ async def register_spi_device(
         cg.add(var.set_mode(spi_mode))
     if release_device := config.get(CONF_RELEASE_DEVICE):
         cg.add(var.set_release_device(release_device))
+    if psram_dma := config.get(CONF_PSRAM_DMA):
+        cg.add_define("USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA")
+        cg.add(var.set_psram_dma(psram_dma))
 
 
-def final_validate_device_schema(name: str, *, require_mosi: bool, require_miso: bool):
+def final_validate_device_schema(
+    name: str, *, require_mosi: bool, require_miso: bool
+) -> cv.Schema:
     hub_schema = {}
     if require_miso:
         hub_schema[
@@ -496,11 +527,41 @@ def final_validate_device_schema(name: str, *, require_mosi: bool, require_miso:
     )
 
 
+def _walk_config(value: Any, path: tuple[Any, ...] = ()):
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        yield value, path
+        for key, child in value.items():
+            yield from _walk_config(child, (*path, key))
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        for index, child in enumerate(value):
+            yield from _walk_config(child, (*path, index))
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: Any) -> Any:
+    buses = config if isinstance(config, list) else [config]
+    software_bus_ids = {
+        bus[CONF_ID] for bus in buses if CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX not in bus
+    }
+    if not software_bus_ids:
+        return config
+    for candidate, path in _walk_config(fv.full_config.get()):
+        if (
+            candidate.get(CONF_PSRAM_DMA)
+            and candidate.get(CONF_SPI_ID) in software_bus_ids
+        ):
+            with cv.prepend_path([cv.ROOT_CONFIG_PATH, *path, CONF_PSRAM_DMA]):
+                raise cv.Invalid("psram_dma requires a hardware SPI interface")
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "spi_arduino.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi.h b/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
index e6f592c6e4..f8233c48d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
 
 using SPIInterface = spi_host_device_t;
 
-#elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+#elif defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 #include <SPI.h>
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 using SPIInterface = SPIClassRP2040 *;
 #else
 using SPIInterface = SPIClass *;
@@ -253,11 +253,18 @@ class SPIDelegate {
   // check if device is ready
   virtual bool is_ready();
 
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  void set_psram_dma(bool enable) { this->psram_dma_ = enable; }
+#endif
+
  protected:
   SPIBitOrder bit_order_{BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST};
   uint32_t data_rate_{1000000};
   SPIMode mode_{MODE0};
   GPIOPin *cs_pin_{NullPin::NULL_PIN};
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  bool psram_dma_{false};
+#endif
   static SPIDelegate *const NULL_DELEGATE;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 };
 
@@ -334,7 +341,7 @@ class SPIBus {
 
 class SPIClient;
 
-class SPIComponent : public Component {
+class SPIComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   SPIDelegate *register_device(SPIClient *device, SPIMode mode, SPIBitOrder bit_order, uint32_t data_rate,
                                GPIOPin *cs_pin, bool release_device, bool write_only);
@@ -352,6 +359,8 @@ class SPIComponent : public Component {
     this->using_hw_ = true;
   }
 
+  SPIInterface get_interface() const { return this->interface_; }
+
   void set_interface_name(const char *name) { this->interface_name_ = name; }
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
@@ -395,6 +404,11 @@ class SPIClient {
     esph_log_d("spi_device", "mode %u, data_rate %ukHz", (unsigned) this->mode_, (unsigned) (this->data_rate_ / 1000));
     this->delegate_ = this->parent_->register_device(this, this->mode_, this->bit_order_, this->data_rate_, this->cs_,
                                                      this->release_device_, this->write_only_);
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+    this->delegate_->set_psram_dma(this->psram_dma_);
+    if (this->psram_dma_)
+      esph_log_config("spi_device", "PSRAM DMA: enabled");
+#endif
   }
 
   virtual void spi_teardown() {
@@ -405,6 +419,9 @@ class SPIClient {
   bool spi_is_ready() { return this->delegate_->is_ready(); }
   void set_release_device(bool release) { this->release_device_ = release; }
   void set_write_only(bool write_only) { this->write_only_ = write_only; }
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  void set_psram_dma(bool enable) { this->psram_dma_ = enable; }
+#endif
 
  protected:
   SPIBitOrder bit_order_{BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST};
@@ -414,6 +431,9 @@ class SPIClient {
   GPIOPin *cs_{nullptr};
   bool release_device_{false};
   bool write_only_{false};
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+  bool psram_dma_{false};
+#endif
   SPIDelegate *delegate_{SPIDelegate::NULL_DELEGATE};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp
index 4267fe63ce..14428bed62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi_arduino.cpp
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
 namespace esphome::spi {
 #if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
 
-static const char *const TAG = "spi-esp-arduino";
+static const char *const TAG = "spi";
 class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
  public:
   SPIDelegateHw(SPIInterface channel, uint32_t data_rate, SPIBitOrder bit_order, SPIMode mode, GPIOPin *cs_pin)
       : SPIDelegate(data_rate, bit_order, mode, cs_pin), channel_(channel) {}
 
   void begin_transaction() override {
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
     SPISettings const settings(this->data_rate_, static_cast<BitOrder>(this->bit_order_), this->mode_);
 #elif defined(ESP8266)
     // Arduino ESP8266 library has mangled values for SPI modes :-(
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
       this->channel_->transfer(*ptr);
       return;
     }
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
     this->channel_->transfer(ptr, nullptr, length);
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
     // ESP8266 SPI library requires the pointer to be word aligned, but the data may not be
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class SPIBusHw : public SPIBus {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
     channel->begin(Utility::get_pin_no(clk), Utility::get_pin_no(sdi), Utility::get_pin_no(sdo), -1);
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
     if (Utility::get_pin_no(sdi) != -1)
       channel->setRX(Utility::get_pin_no(sdi));
     if (Utility::get_pin_no(sdo) != -1)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp
index 0731078eec..45d38c1719 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
 #include "spi.h"
 #include <vector>
 
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+#include <esp_memory_utils.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::spi {
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-static const char *const TAG = "spi-esp-idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "spi";
 static const size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 4092;  // dictated by ESP-IDF API.
 
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+static uint32_t get_psram_dma_flags(bool enabled, const void *tx_buffer) {
+  if (enabled && tx_buffer != nullptr && esp_ptr_dma_ext_capable(tx_buffer))
+    return SPI_TRANS_DMA_USE_PSRAM;
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
  public:
   SPIDelegateHw(SPIInterface channel, uint32_t data_rate, SPIBitOrder bit_order, SPIMode mode, GPIOPin *cs_pin,
@@ -65,8 +77,13 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
       return;
     }
     spi_transaction_t desc = {};
-    desc.flags = 0;
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+    const uint32_t psram_flags = rxbuf == nullptr ? get_psram_dma_flags(this->psram_dma_, txbuf) : 0;
+#endif
     while (length != 0) {
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      desc.flags = psram_flags;
+#endif
       size_t const partial = std::min(length, MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE);
       desc.length = partial * 8;
       desc.rxlength = this->write_only_ ? 0 : partial * 8;
@@ -81,6 +98,12 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Transmit failed - err %X", err);
         break;
       }
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      if ((desc.flags & SPI_TRANS_DMA_TX_FAIL) != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PSRAM DMA TX underflow");
+        break;
+      }
+#endif
       length -= partial;
       if (txbuf != nullptr)
         txbuf += partial;
@@ -133,7 +156,13 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
     desc.base.rxlength = 0;
     desc.base.cmd = cmd;
     desc.base.addr = address;
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+    const uint32_t transaction_flags = desc.base.flags | get_psram_dma_flags(this->psram_dma_, data);
+#endif
     do {
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      desc.base.flags = transaction_flags;
+#endif
       size_t chunk_size = std::min(length, MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE);
       if (data != nullptr && chunk_size != 0) {
         desc.base.length = chunk_size * 8;
@@ -152,6 +181,12 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Transmit failed - err %X", err);
         return;
       }
+#ifdef USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
+      if ((desc.base.flags & SPI_TRANS_DMA_TX_FAIL) != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PSRAM DMA TX underflow");
+        return;
+      }
+#endif
       // if more data is to be sent, skip the command and address phases.
       desc.command_bits = 0;
       desc.address_bits = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py
index 2f23d8a011..bd2bfe6452 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spi_device/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(False, "1MHz"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_bit_order(config[CONF_BIT_ORDER]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi_device/spi_device.h b/esphome/components/spi_device/spi_device.h
index 3a2523fbab..506090fc58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi_device/spi_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spi_device/spi_device.h
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::spi_device {
 
-class SPIDeviceComponent : public Component,
-                           public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
-                                                 spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
+class SPIDeviceComponent final : public Component,
+                                 public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                                       spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py
index ca320265a9..9139cc1ae3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/light.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NUM_LEDS, CONF_OUTPUT_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 spi_led_strip_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("spi_led_strip")
 SpiLedStrip = spi_led_strip_ns.class_(
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = light.ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(spi.spi_device_schema(False, "1MHz"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID], config[CONF_NUM_LEDS])
     await light.register_light(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/spi_led_strip.h b/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/spi_led_strip.h
index e2bcd5af63..20b9c25c2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/spi_led_strip.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spi_led_strip/spi_led_strip.h
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 namespace esphome::spi_led_strip {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "spi_led_strip";
-class SpiLedStrip : public light::AddressableLight,
-                    public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                          spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
+class SpiLedStrip final : public light::AddressableLight,
+                          public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                                spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
  public:
   SpiLedStrip(uint16_t num_leds);
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/automation.h b/esphome/components/sprinkler/automation.h
index c6fe2e4e02..beeec96b98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/automation.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sprinkler {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetDividerAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetDividerAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetDividerAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetDividerAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetMultiplierAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetMultiplierAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetMultiplierAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetMultiplierAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class QueueValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class QueueValveAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit QueueValveAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class QueueValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ClearQueuedValvesAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ClearQueuedValvesAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ClearQueuedValvesAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ClearQueuedValvesAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetRepeatAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetRepeatAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetRepeatAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetRepeatAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetRunDurationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetRunDurationAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetRunDurationAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetRunDurationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartFromQueueAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartFromQueueAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit StartFromQueueAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartFromQueueAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartFullCycleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartFullCycleAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit StartFullCycleAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartFullCycleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartSingleValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartSingleValveAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit StartSingleValveAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartSingleValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TemplatableValue<size_t, Ts...> valve_to_start_{};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ShutdownAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ShutdownAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ShutdownAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ShutdownAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class NextValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class NextValveAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit NextValveAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NextValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class PreviousValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class PreviousValveAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit PreviousValveAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PreviousValveAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class PauseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class PauseAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit PauseAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PauseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ResumeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ResumeAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ResumeAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ResumeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Sprinkler *sprinkler_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ResumeOrStartAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ResumeOrStartAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ResumeOrStartAction(Sprinkler *a_sprinkler) : sprinkler_(a_sprinkler) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
index 336123a472..2edceb76a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
@@ -211,8 +211,6 @@ uint32_t SprinklerValveOperator::time_remaining() {
   return 0;  // run completed
 }
 
-SprinklerState SprinklerValveOperator::state() { return this->state_; }
-
 switch_::Switch *SprinklerValveOperator::pump_switch() {
   if ((this->controller_ == nullptr) || (this->valve_ == nullptr)) {
     return nullptr;
@@ -288,11 +286,8 @@ SprinklerValveRunRequest::SprinklerValveRunRequest(size_t valve_number, uint32_t
                                                    SprinklerValveOperator *valve_op)
     : valve_number_(valve_number), run_duration_(run_duration), valve_op_(valve_op) {}
 
-bool SprinklerValveRunRequest::has_request() { return this->has_valve_; }
 bool SprinklerValveRunRequest::has_valve_operator() { return !(this->valve_op_ == nullptr); }
 
-void SprinklerValveRunRequest::set_request_from(SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin) { this->origin_ = origin; }
-
 void SprinklerValveRunRequest::set_run_duration(uint32_t run_duration) { this->run_duration_ = run_duration; }
 
 void SprinklerValveRunRequest::set_valve(size_t valve_number) {
@@ -317,8 +312,6 @@ void SprinklerValveRunRequest::reset() {
 
 uint32_t SprinklerValveRunRequest::run_duration() { return this->run_duration_; }
 
-size_t SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve() { return this->valve_number_; }
-
 optional<size_t> SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve_as_opt() {
   if (this->has_valve_) {
     return this->valve_number_;
@@ -328,8 +321,6 @@ optional<size_t> SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve_as_opt() {
 
 SprinklerValveOperator *SprinklerValveRunRequest::valve_operator() { return this->valve_op_; }
 
-SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin SprinklerValveRunRequest::request_is_from() { return this->origin_; }
-
 Sprinkler::Sprinkler() : Sprinkler("") {}
 Sprinkler::Sprinkler(const char *name) : name_(name) {
   // The `name` is stored for dump_config logging
@@ -414,18 +405,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_controller_main_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *controller
   this->sprinkler_turn_on_automation_->add_actions({sprinkler_resumeorstart_action_.get()});
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_auto_adv_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *auto_adv_switch) {
-  this->auto_adv_sw_ = auto_adv_switch;
-}
-
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_queue_enable_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *queue_enable_switch) {
-  this->queue_enable_sw_ = queue_enable_switch;
-}
-
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_reverse_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *reverse_switch) {
-  this->reverse_sw_ = reverse_switch;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::set_controller_standby_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *standby_switch) {
   this->standby_sw_ = standby_switch;
 
@@ -434,14 +413,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_controller_standby_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *standby
   this->sprinkler_standby_turn_on_automation_->add_actions({sprinkler_standby_shutdown_action_.get()});
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_multiplier_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *multiplier_number) {
-  this->multiplier_number_ = multiplier_number;
-}
-
-void Sprinkler::set_controller_repeat_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *repeat_number) {
-  this->repeat_number_ = repeat_number;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::configure_valve_switch(size_t valve_number, switch_::Switch *valve_switch, uint32_t run_duration) {
   if (this->is_a_valid_valve(valve_number)) {
     this->valve_[valve_number].valve_switch = valve_switch;
@@ -498,10 +469,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_multiplier(const optional<float> multiplier) {
   call.perform();
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_next_prev_ignore_disabled_valves(bool ignore_disabled) {
-  this->next_prev_ignore_disabled_ = ignore_disabled;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::set_pump_start_delay(uint32_t start_delay) {
   this->start_delay_is_valve_delay_ = false;
   this->start_delay_ = start_delay;
@@ -522,10 +489,6 @@ void Sprinkler::set_valve_stop_delay(uint32_t stop_delay) {
   this->stop_delay_ = stop_delay;
 }
 
-void Sprinkler::set_pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay(bool pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay) {
-  this->pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay_ = pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay;
-}
-
 void Sprinkler::set_valve_open_delay(const uint32_t valve_open_delay) {
   if (valve_open_delay > 0) {
     this->valve_overlap_ = false;
@@ -945,8 +908,6 @@ optional<size_t> Sprinkler::active_valve() {
   return this->active_req_.valve_as_opt();
 }
 
-optional<size_t> Sprinkler::paused_valve() { return this->paused_valve_; }
-
 optional<size_t> Sprinkler::queued_valve() {
   if (!this->queued_valves_.empty()) {
     return this->queued_valves_.back().valve_number;
@@ -954,10 +915,6 @@ optional<size_t> Sprinkler::queued_valve() {
   return nullopt;
 }
 
-optional<size_t> Sprinkler::manual_valve() { return this->manual_valve_; }
-
-size_t Sprinkler::number_of_valves() { return this->valve_.size(); }
-
 bool Sprinkler::is_a_valid_valve(const size_t valve_number) { return (valve_number < this->number_of_valves()); }
 
 bool Sprinkler::pump_in_use(switch_::Switch *pump_switch) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
index 2598a5606a..2499a0a591 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ struct SprinklerValve {
   std::unique_ptr<Automation<>> valve_turn_on_automation;
 };
 
-class SprinklerControllerNumber : public number::Number, public Component {
+class SprinklerControllerNumber final : public number::Number, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class SprinklerControllerNumber : public number::Number, public Component {
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
 };
 
-class SprinklerControllerSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
+class SprinklerControllerSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
  public:
   SprinklerControllerSwitch();
 
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ class SprinklerValveOperator {
   void set_stop_delay(uint32_t stop_delay, bool stop_delay_is_valve_delay);
   void start();
   void stop();
-  uint32_t run_duration();         // returns the desired run duration in seconds
-  uint32_t time_remaining();       // returns seconds remaining (does not include stop_delay_)
-  SprinklerState state();          // returns the valve's state/status
+  uint32_t run_duration();    // returns the desired run duration in seconds
+  uint32_t time_remaining();  // returns seconds remaining (does not include stop_delay_)
+  SprinklerState state() { return this->state_; }
   switch_::Switch *pump_switch();  // returns this SprinklerValveOperator's pump switch
 
  protected:
@@ -152,18 +152,18 @@ class SprinklerValveRunRequest {
  public:
   SprinklerValveRunRequest();
   SprinklerValveRunRequest(size_t valve_number, uint32_t run_duration, SprinklerValveOperator *valve_op);
-  bool has_request();
+  bool has_request() { return this->has_valve_; }
   bool has_valve_operator();
-  void set_request_from(SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin);
+  void set_request_from(SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin) { this->origin_ = origin; }
   void set_run_duration(uint32_t run_duration);
   void set_valve(size_t valve_number);
   void set_valve_operator(SprinklerValveOperator *valve_op);
   void reset();
   uint32_t run_duration();
-  size_t valve();
+  size_t valve() { return this->valve_number_; }
   optional<size_t> valve_as_opt();
   SprinklerValveOperator *valve_operator();
-  SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin request_is_from();
+  SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin request_is_from() { return this->origin_; }
 
  protected:
   bool has_valve_{false};
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class SprinklerValveRunRequest {
   SprinklerValveRunRequestOrigin origin_{USER};
 };
 
-class Sprinkler : public Component {
+class Sprinkler final : public Component {
  public:
   Sprinkler();
   Sprinkler(const char *name);
@@ -189,14 +189,20 @@ class Sprinkler : public Component {
 
   /// configure important controller switches
   void set_controller_main_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *controller_switch);
-  void set_controller_auto_adv_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *auto_adv_switch);
-  void set_controller_queue_enable_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *queue_enable_switch);
-  void set_controller_reverse_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *reverse_switch);
+  void set_controller_auto_adv_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *auto_adv_switch) {
+    this->auto_adv_sw_ = auto_adv_switch;
+  }
+  void set_controller_queue_enable_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *queue_enable_switch) {
+    this->queue_enable_sw_ = queue_enable_switch;
+  }
+  void set_controller_reverse_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *reverse_switch) { this->reverse_sw_ = reverse_switch; }
   void set_controller_standby_switch(SprinklerControllerSwitch *standby_switch);
 
   /// configure important controller number components
-  void set_controller_multiplier_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *multiplier_number);
-  void set_controller_repeat_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *repeat_number);
+  void set_controller_multiplier_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *multiplier_number) {
+    this->multiplier_number_ = multiplier_number;
+  }
+  void set_controller_repeat_number(SprinklerControllerNumber *repeat_number) { this->repeat_number_ = repeat_number; }
 
   /// configure a valve's switch object and run duration. run_duration is time in seconds.
   void configure_valve_switch(size_t valve_number, switch_::Switch *valve_switch, uint32_t run_duration);
@@ -214,7 +220,9 @@ class Sprinkler : public Component {
   void set_multiplier(optional<float> multiplier);
 
   /// enable/disable skipping of disabled valves by the next and previous actions
-  void set_next_prev_ignore_disabled_valves(bool ignore_disabled);
+  void set_next_prev_ignore_disabled_valves(bool ignore_disabled) {
+    this->next_prev_ignore_disabled_ = ignore_disabled;
+  }
 
   /// set how long the pump should start after the valve (when the pump is starting)
   void set_pump_start_delay(uint32_t start_delay);
@@ -230,7 +238,9 @@ class Sprinkler : public Component {
 
   /// if pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay is true, the controller will switch off the pump during the
   ///  valve_open_delay interval
-  void set_pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay(bool pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay);
+  void set_pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay(bool pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay) {
+    this->pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay_ = pump_switch_off_during_valve_open_delay;
+  }
 
   /// set how long the controller should wait to open/switch on the valve after it becomes active
   void set_valve_open_delay(uint32_t valve_open_delay);
@@ -335,17 +345,17 @@ class Sprinkler : public Component {
   optional<size_t> active_valve();
 
   /// returns the number of the valve that is paused, if any. check with 'has_value()'
-  optional<size_t> paused_valve();
+  optional<size_t> paused_valve() { return this->paused_valve_; }
 
   /// returns the number of the next valve in the queue, if any. check with 'has_value()'
   optional<size_t> queued_valve();
 
   /// returns the number of the valve that is manually selected, if any. check with 'has_value()'
   ///  this is set by next_valve() and previous_valve() when manual_selection_delay_ > 0
-  optional<size_t> manual_valve();
+  optional<size_t> manual_valve() { return this->manual_valve_; }
 
   /// returns the number of valves the controller is configured with
-  size_t number_of_valves();
+  size_t number_of_valves() { return this->valve_.size(); }
 
   /// returns true if valve number is valid
   bool is_a_valid_valve(size_t valve_number);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sps30/automation.h b/esphome/components/sps30/automation.h
index e58f857eb3..ba978e7770 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sps30/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sps30/automation.h
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sps30 {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartFanAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SPS30Component> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartFanAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SPS30Component> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start_fan_cleaning(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartMeasurementAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SPS30Component> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartMeasurementAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SPS30Component> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start_measurement(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopMeasurementAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SPS30Component> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopMeasurementAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SPS30Component> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_measurement(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
index 40557f2cbd..681166cd3c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_MICROMETER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -197,7 +200,12 @@ SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def sps30_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sps30_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/sps30/sps30.h b/esphome/components/sps30/sps30.h
index ccb3e8ff41..10b89c844b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sps30/sps30.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sps30/sps30.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome::sps30 {
 
 /// This class implements support for the Sensirion SPS30 i2c/UART Particulate Matter
 /// PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4, PM10 Air Quality sensors.
-class SPS30Component : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
+class SPS30Component final : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
  public:
   void set_pm_1_0_sensor(sensor::Sensor *pm_1_0) { pm_1_0_sensor_ = pm_1_0; }
   void set_pm_2_5_sensor(sensor::Sensor *pm_2_5) { pm_2_5_sensor_ = pm_2_5; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py
index 9d397e396b..26eda3b4ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OFFSET_Y,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 ssd1306_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ssd1306_base")
 SSD1306 = ssd1306_base_ns.class_("SSD1306", cg.PollingComponent, display.DisplayBuffer)
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ MODELS = {
 SSD1306_MODEL = cv.enum(MODELS, upper=True, space="_")
 
 
-def _validate(value):
+def _validate(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model = value[CONF_MODEL]
     if (
         model not in ("SSD1305_128X32", "SSD1305_128X64")
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ SSD1306_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1306(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1306(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py
index 2ac0093ef1..ec271039ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, ssd1306_base
 from esphome.components.ssd1306_base import _validate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ssd1306_base"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1306_base.setup_ssd1306(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.cpp
index 8ff908fe7a..00c864a217 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.cpp
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ void I2CSSD1306::command(uint8_t value) { this->write_byte(0x00, value); }
 void HOT I2CSSD1306::write_display_data() {
   if (this->is_sh1106_() || this->is_sh1107_()) {
     uint32_t i = 0;
+    // Some panels wire their visible columns to a window of the controller RAM
+    // that does not start at column 0 (e.g. SH1107 M5Stack Unit OLED needs offset_x: 32).
+    // SH1106 keeps its historical 0x02 base column on top of any offset.
+    uint8_t start_column = this->offset_x_;
+    if (this->is_sh1106_()) {
+      start_column += 0x02;
+    }
     for (uint8_t page = 0; page < (uint8_t) this->get_height_internal() / 8; page++) {
-      this->command(0xB0 + page);  // row
-      if (this->is_sh1106_()) {
-        this->command(0x02);  // lower column - 0x02 is historical SH1106 value
-      } else {
-        // Other SH1107 drivers use 0x00
-        // Column values dont change and it seems they can be set only once,
-        // but we follow SH1106 implementation and resend them
-        this->command(0x00);
-      }
-      this->command(0x10);  // higher column
+      this->command(0xB0 + page);                 // row
+      this->command(start_column & 0x0F);         // lower column
+      this->command(0x10 | (start_column >> 4));  // higher column
       for (uint8_t x = 0; x < (uint8_t) this->get_width_internal() / 16; x++) {
         uint8_t data[16];
         for (uint8_t &j : data)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.h b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.h
index 0316da0e77..54c7d86287 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_i2c/ssd1306_i2c.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1306_i2c {
 
-class I2CSSD1306 : public ssd1306_base::SSD1306, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class I2CSSD1306 final : public ssd1306_base::SSD1306, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py
index 26953b4f39..9a415ccfdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import spi, ssd1306_base
 from esphome.components.ssd1306_base import _validate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ssd1306_base"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1306_base.setup_ssd1306(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.cpp b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.cpp
index 5c9369f1a2..0534deeb03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.cpp
@@ -38,14 +38,17 @@ void SPISSD1306::command(uint8_t value) {
 }
 void HOT SPISSD1306::write_display_data() {
   if (this->is_sh1106_() || this->is_sh1107_()) {
+    // Some panels wire their visible columns to a window of the controller RAM
+    // that does not start at column 0 (e.g. SH1107 M5Stack Unit OLED needs offset_x: 32).
+    // SH1106 keeps its historical 0x02 base column on top of any offset.
+    uint8_t start_column = this->offset_x_;
+    if (this->is_sh1106_()) {
+      start_column += 0x02;
+    }
     for (uint8_t y = 0; y < (uint8_t) this->get_height_internal() / 8; y++) {
       this->command(0xB0 + y);
-      if (this->is_sh1106_()) {
-        this->command(0x02);
-      } else {
-        this->command(0x00);
-      }
-      this->command(0x10);
+      this->command(start_column & 0x0F);         // lower column
+      this->command(0x10 | (start_column >> 4));  // higher column
       this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
       for (uint8_t x = 0; x < (uint8_t) this->get_width_internal(); x++) {
         this->enable();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.h b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.h
index f8346033b3..948d099d0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/ssd1306_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1306_spi {
 
-class SPISSD1306 : public ssd1306_base::SSD1306,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPISSD1306 final : public ssd1306_base::SSD1306,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py
index 3569bbe957..daa0345857 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ SSD1322_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1322(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1322(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py
index 3d01caf874..63e0816ae7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1322_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1322_base.setup_ssd1322(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/ssd1322_spi.h b/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/ssd1322_spi.h
index 31d17d0ef1..1ac9654109 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/ssd1322_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/ssd1322_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1322_spi {
 
-class SPISSD1322 : public ssd1322_base::SSD1322,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPISSD1322 final : public ssd1322_base::SSD1322,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py
index 12cbd883a0..e48a821825 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MODEL,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ SSD1325_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1325(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1325(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py
index dbb9a14ac2..cca9a3cf8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1325_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1325_base.setup_ssd1325(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/ssd1325_spi.h b/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/ssd1325_spi.h
index 32cbb28fd8..3202eabec5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/ssd1325_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/ssd1325_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1325_spi {
 
-class SPISSD1325 : public ssd1325_base::SSD1325,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPISSD1325 final : public ssd1325_base::SSD1325,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py
index d0ec2410e6..462f197696 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_MODEL, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ SSD1327_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1327(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1327(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py
index 95de1c2979..e079a8698f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, ssd1327_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1327_base.setup_ssd1327(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/ssd1327_i2c.h b/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/ssd1327_i2c.h
index f08ef94fef..75f854d3da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/ssd1327_i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_i2c/ssd1327_i2c.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1327_i2c {
 
-class I2CSSD1327 : public ssd1327_base::SSD1327, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class I2CSSD1327 final : public ssd1327_base::SSD1327, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py
index f052764a91..8a5ea40efa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1327_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1327_base.setup_ssd1327(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/ssd1327_spi.h b/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/ssd1327_spi.h
index fd1ed0357f..cb7d5e2181 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/ssd1327_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/ssd1327_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1327_spi {
 
-class SPISSD1327 : public ssd1327_base::SSD1327,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPISSD1327 final : public ssd1327_base::SSD1327,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py
index 144a95a29f..d1c0b585f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1331_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ SSD1331_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1331(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1331(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py
index c16780302f..eeebb48ac6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1331_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1331_base.setup_ssd1331(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/ssd1331_spi.h b/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/ssd1331_spi.h
index acdc004b26..add010712c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/ssd1331_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/ssd1331_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1331_spi {
 
-class SPISSD1331 : public ssd1331_base::SSD1331,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPISSD1331 final : public ssd1331_base::SSD1331,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py
index fc03083ad0..a516b4d951 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1351_base/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BRIGHTNESS, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_MODEL, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ SSD1351_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_ssd1351(var, config):
+async def setup_ssd1351(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py
index 2a6e984029..10991b8338 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, ssd1351_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1351_base.setup_ssd1351(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/ssd1351_spi.h b/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/ssd1351_spi.h
index 5ce41c1f9e..307807d19f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/ssd1351_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/ssd1351_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ssd1351_spi {
 
-class SPISSD1351 : public ssd1351_base::SSD1351,
-                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                         spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPISSD1351 final : public ssd1351_base::SSD1351,
+                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7123/__init__.py b/esphome/components/st7123/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..335bc238be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/st7123/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@miniskipper"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+st7123_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("st7123")
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55ea43ca6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import st7123_ns
+
+ST7123Touchscreen = st7123_ns.class_(
+    "ST7123Touchscreen",
+    touchscreen.Touchscreen,
+    i2c.I2CDevice,
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ST7123Touchscreen),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+    }
+).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x55))
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
+    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)))
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/st7123_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/st7123_touchscreen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..117f975264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/st7123_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+#include "st7123_touchscreen.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::st7123 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "st7123.touchscreen";
+
+void ST7123Touchscreen::setup() {
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->setup();
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    delay(5);
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);  // TP_RESX is active low, assert for at least tRSTW (2ms)
+    delay(5);
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    // The controller needs up to 20ms to initialize after reset before it can be accessed.
+    this->setup_time_ = millis() + 30;
+  }
+}
+
+void ST7123Touchscreen::update() {
+  // check if setup is complete
+  if (this->setup_time_ != 0) {
+    if (this->setup_time_ > millis())
+      return;
+
+    uint8_t status;
+    if (this->read_register16(ST7123_REG_STATUS, &status, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to read status register"));  // will stop updates
+      return;
+    }
+    if ((status & 0x0F) == ST7123_STATUS_INIT) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Controller still initializing");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+      this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+      // INT is held high when idle and pulses low when touch data is ready.
+      this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+    }
+
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Status is %X", status);
+
+    uint8_t data;
+    if (this->read_register16(ST7123_REG_MAX_TOUCHES, &data, 1) == i2c::ERROR_OK && data != 0 &&
+        data <= ST7123_MAX_TOUCHES) {
+      this->max_touches_ = data;
+    }
+
+    // If no calibration was supplied, read the native coordinate resolution from the controller.
+    if (this->x_raw_max_ == this->x_raw_min_ || this->y_raw_max_ == this->y_raw_min_) {
+      uint8_t res[4];
+      if (this->read_register16(ST7123_REG_MAX_X, res, sizeof(res)) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+        this->x_raw_max_ = encode_uint16(res[0] & ST7123_COORD_HIGH_MASK, res[1]);
+        this->y_raw_max_ = encode_uint16(res[2] & ST7123_COORD_HIGH_MASK, res[3]);
+        if (this->swap_x_y_)
+          std::swap(this->x_raw_max_, this->y_raw_max_);
+      } else {
+        this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to read calibration"));
+        return;
+      }
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read dimensions %d/%d", this->x_raw_max_, this->y_raw_max_);
+    }
+    this->setup_time_ = 0;  // flag setup complete
+  }
+  Touchscreen::update();
+}
+
+void ST7123Touchscreen::update_touches() {
+  // Read the reporting table from the advanced touch info register through the last touch point.
+  // Reading from this register also clears the INT pin so the controller can report the next frame.
+  uint8_t data[(ST7123_REG_TOUCH_DATA - ST7123_REG_ADV_TOUCH_INFO) + ST7123_MAX_TOUCHES * ST7123_TOUCH_STRIDE];
+  const size_t len = (ST7123_REG_TOUCH_DATA - ST7123_REG_ADV_TOUCH_INFO) + this->max_touches_ * ST7123_TOUCH_STRIDE;
+  if (this->read_register16(ST7123_REG_ADV_TOUCH_INFO, data, len) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->skip_update_ = true;
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  const uint8_t *points = data + (ST7123_REG_TOUCH_DATA - ST7123_REG_ADV_TOUCH_INFO);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i != this->max_touches_; i++) {
+    const uint8_t *p = points + i * ST7123_TOUCH_STRIDE;
+    if ((p[0] & ST7123_TOUCH_VALID) == 0)
+      continue;
+    uint16_t x = encode_uint16(p[0] & ST7123_COORD_HIGH_MASK, p[1]);
+    uint16_t y = encode_uint16(p[2] & ST7123_COORD_HIGH_MASK, p[3]);
+    uint8_t intensity = p[5];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch %u: x=%u, y=%u, intensity=%u", i, x, y, intensity);
+    this->add_raw_touch_position_(i, x, y, intensity);
+  }
+}
+
+void ST7123Touchscreen::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "ST7123 Touchscreen:\n"
+                "  Max touches: %u\n"
+                "  X Raw Min: %d, X Raw Max: %d\n"
+                "  Y Raw Min: %d, Y Raw Max: %d",
+                this->max_touches_, this->x_raw_min_, this->x_raw_max_, this->y_raw_min_, this->y_raw_max_);
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::st7123
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/st7123_touchscreen.h b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/st7123_touchscreen.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..633eba7a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/st7123/touchscreen/st7123_touchscreen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::st7123 {
+
+// Sitronix ST7123 capacitive touch controller.
+// Registers are addressed with a 16-bit big-endian address (sent MSB first).
+static constexpr uint16_t ST7123_REG_STATUS = 0x0001;  // [7:4] error code, [3:0] device status
+static constexpr uint16_t ST7123_REG_MAX_X = 0x0005;   // 0x0005..0x0006 X resolution, 0x0007..0x0008 Y resolution
+static constexpr uint16_t ST7123_REG_MAX_TOUCHES = 0x0009;
+static constexpr uint16_t ST7123_REG_ADV_TOUCH_INFO = 0x0010;  // start of the reporting table
+static constexpr uint16_t ST7123_REG_TOUCH_DATA = 0x0014;      // first touch point
+
+// Device status field of the status register.
+static constexpr uint8_t ST7123_STATUS_INIT = 0x1;
+
+// Each touch point occupies 7 bytes: X high, X low, Y high, Y low, area, intensity, reserved.
+static constexpr uint8_t ST7123_TOUCH_STRIDE = 7;
+// Bit 7 of the X high byte indicates a valid touch point.
+static constexpr uint8_t ST7123_TOUCH_VALID = 0x80;
+// The X and Y high bytes only use the low 6 bits.
+static constexpr uint8_t ST7123_COORD_HIGH_MASK = 0x3F;
+// The ST7123 can report at most 10 touch points.
+static constexpr uint8_t ST7123_MAX_TOUCHES = 10;
+
+class ST7123Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
+
+ protected:
+  void update_touches() override;
+
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{nullptr};
+  uint8_t max_touches_{ST7123_MAX_TOUCHES};
+  uint32_t setup_time_{1};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::st7123
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py
index 6f93172a1a..51225c5023 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_base/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ ST7567_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def setup_st7567(var, config):
+async def setup_st7567(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py b/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py
index bd62b3b382..1a7da33a8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, st7567_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await st7567_base.setup_st7567(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/st7567_i2c.h b/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/st7567_i2c.h
index 49489d79e6..eea3068e03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/st7567_i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_i2c/st7567_i2c.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::st7567_i2c {
 
-class I2CST7567 : public st7567_base::ST7567, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class I2CST7567 final : public st7567_base::ST7567, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py
index 02cd2c105c..ad04b9f212 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, st7567_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DC_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await st7567_base.setup_st7567(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7567_spi/st7567_spi.h b/esphome/components/st7567_spi/st7567_spi.h
index fb6f9501a9..e4699437ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7567_spi/st7567_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7567_spi/st7567_spi.h
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::st7567_spi {
 
-class SPIST7567 : public st7567_base::ST7567,
-                  public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                        spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SPIST7567 final : public st7567_base::ST7567,
+                        public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                              spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py b/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
index 7f6492812f..16d7ef8e86 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .init_sequences import ST7701S_INITS, cmd
 
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ COLOR_ORDERS = {
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -73,14 +76,14 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
     )
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: Any) -> list:
     """
     An initialisation sequence can be selected from one of the pre-defined sequences in init_sequences.py,
     or can be a literal array of data bytes.
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py b/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
index 4786731c78..a67f3f63fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # These are initialisation sequences for ST7701S displays. The contents are somewhat arcane.
 
 
-def cmd(c, *args):
+def cmd(c: int, *args: int) -> list[int]:
     """
     Create a command sequence
     :param c: The command (8 bit)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.h b/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.h
index c65a213929..d44f8c6859 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.h
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ const uint8_t CMD2_BKSEL = 0xFF;
 const uint8_t CMD2_BK0[5] = {0x77, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10};
 const uint8_t ST7701S_DELAY_FLAG = 0xFF;
 
-class ST7701S : public display::Display,
-                public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
-                                      spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
+class ST7701S final : public display::Display,
+                      public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
+                                            spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
  public:
   void update() override { this->do_update_(); }
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/display.py b/esphome/components/st7735/display.py
index 766370c21f..5cbcee12ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/display.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import st7735_ns
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_st7735(var, config):
+async def setup_st7735(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ async def setup_st7735(var, config):
         cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'st7735' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
index 7fa0ad7335..28bc0916f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ enum ST7735Model {
   ST7735_INITR_18REDTAB = INITR_18REDTAB
 };
 
-class ST7735 : public display::DisplayBuffer,
-               public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
-                                     spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class ST7735 final : public display::DisplayBuffer,
+                     public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
+                                           spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   ST7735(ST7735Model model, int width, int height, int colstart, int rowstart, bool eightbitcolor, bool usebgr,
          bool invert_colors);
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py b/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
index 3b4d6d99ea..fa72c7c328 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ROTATION,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import st7789v_ns
 
@@ -38,7 +40,9 @@ MODEL_PRESETS = "model_presets"
 REQUIRE_PS = "require_ps"
 
 
-def model_spec(require_ps=False, presets=None):
+def model_spec(
+    require_ps: bool = False, presets: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if presets is None:
         presets = {}
     return {MODEL_PRESETS: presets, REQUIRE_PS: require_ps}
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ MODELS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_st7789v(config):
+def validate_st7789v(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     model_data = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     presets = model_data[MODEL_PRESETS]
     for key, value in presets.items():
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'st7789v' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.h b/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.h
index 3f9942b117..1b7ba318a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.h
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ static const uint8_t ST7789_MADCTL_GS = 0x01;
 
 static const uint8_t ST7789_MADCTL_COLOR_ORDER = ST7789_MADCTL_BGR;
 
-class ST7789V : public display::DisplayBuffer,
-                public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
-                                      spi::DATA_RATE_20MHZ> {
+class ST7789V final : public display::DisplayBuffer,
+                      public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
+                                            spi::DATA_RATE_20MHZ> {
  public:
   void set_model_str(const char *model_str);
   void set_dc_pin(GPIOPin *dc_pin) { this->dc_pin_ = dc_pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7920/display.py b/esphome/components/st7920/display.py
index ef33fac6c6..853e38a279 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7920/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7920/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HEIGHT, CONF_ID, CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_WIDTH
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["display"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@marsjan155"]
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.h b/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.h
index 71fe7aa89c..0160c5270f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.h
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ class ST7920;
 
 using st7920_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<ST7920>;
 
-class ST7920 : public display::DisplayBuffer,
-               public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
-                                     spi::DATA_RATE_200KHZ> {
+class ST7920 final : public display::DisplayBuffer,
+                     public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH,
+                                           spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING, spi::DATA_RATE_200KHZ> {
  public:
   void set_writer(st7920_writer_t &&writer) { this->writer_local_ = writer; }
   void set_height(uint16_t height) { this->height_ = height; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py b/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py
index 39188c6b81..b5a0586e31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/statsd/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_SENSORS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Links2004"]
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("10s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(
diff --git a/esphome/components/statsd/statsd.h b/esphome/components/statsd/statsd.h
index 77f3d797c5..7cbde6d743 100644
--- a/esphome/components/statsd/statsd.h
+++ b/esphome/components/statsd/statsd.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::statsd {
 
-class StatsdComponent : public PollingComponent {
+class StatsdComponent final : public PollingComponent {
  public:
   ~StatsdComponent();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py
index f0c7c87e17..452ae9398f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/status/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
@@ -17,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/status/status_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/status/status_binary_sensor.h
index 7e8c31d741..28cf4cd083 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status/status_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/status/status_binary_sensor.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::status {
 
-class StatusBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public PollingComponent {
+class StatusBinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
   void update() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py b/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py
index b0fce37126..700296c0df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
 from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 status_led_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("status_led")
 StatusLED = status_led_ns.class_("StatusLED", cg.Component)
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.STATUS)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
     rhs = StatusLED.new(pin)
     var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], rhs)
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py
index f8d03a3b4f..f63cf14178 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/light/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import light, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import status_led_ns
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
     if CONF_PIN in config:
         pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h b/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h
index 0483669d0a..5eb0d3c085 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::status_led {
 
-class StatusLEDLightOutput : public light::LightOutput, public Component {
+class StatusLEDLightOutput final : public light::LightOutput, public Component {
  public:
   void set_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { pin_ = pin; }
   void set_output(output::BinaryOutput *output) { output_ = output; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h
index bda144d2cd..3688dba8d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::status_led {
 
-class StatusLED : public Component {
+class StatusLED final : public Component {
  public:
   explicit StatusLED(GPIOPin *pin);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/stepper/stepper.h b/esphome/components/stepper/stepper.h
index 9fbd0d92e6..06ef3bab37 100644
--- a/esphome/components/stepper/stepper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/stepper/stepper.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Stepper {
   uint32_t last_step_{0};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetTargetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetTargetAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetTargetAction(Stepper *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetTargetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Stepper *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ReportPositionAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ReportPositionAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ReportPositionAction(Stepper *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ReportPositionAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Stepper *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetSpeedAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetSpeedAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetSpeedAction(Stepper *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetSpeedAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Stepper *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetAccelerationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetAccelerationAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetAccelerationAction(Stepper *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetAccelerationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Stepper *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetDecelerationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetDecelerationAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SetDecelerationAction(Stepper *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py
index 7b04bd58bb..d4fd431d13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sts3x/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sts3x/sts3x.h b/esphome/components/sts3x/sts3x.h
index 038fa0dd80..6752cf689b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sts3x/sts3x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sts3x/sts3x.h
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 namespace esphome::sts3x {
 
 /// This class implements support for the ST3x-DIS family of temperature i2c sensors.
-class STS3XComponent : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
+class STS3XComponent final : public sensor::Sensor,
+                             public PollingComponent,
+                             public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py b/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py
index 094c233361..7b86f90860 100644
--- a/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/stts22h/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/stts22h/stts22h.h b/esphome/components/stts22h/stts22h.h
index 442a263e49..d8d7a485cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/stts22h/stts22h.h
+++ b/esphome/components/stts22h/stts22h.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::stts22h {
 
-class STTS22HComponent : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class STTS22HComponent final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py b/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
index ea79054c88..5ef7a699eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from collections import ChainMap
+from itertools import product
 import logging
+import re
 from typing import Any
 
 import esphome
@@ -7,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome import core
 from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, Remove, merge_config, merge_dicts_ordered
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS
+from esphome.expression import JINJA_PROG
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import OrderedDict
 from esphome.yaml_util import (
@@ -27,6 +30,14 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 ContextVars = ChainMap[str, Any]
 ErrList = list[tuple[UndefinedError, DocumentPath, Any]]
 
+# Candidate-pattern shaping for include_candidate_patterns.
+_ADJACENT_WILDCARDS_RE = re.compile(r"\*+")
+# Dots are included so a variant like `../*` counts as fully dynamic too;
+# it would otherwise glob everything in the parent directory.
+_WILDCARDS_ONLY_RE = re.compile(r"[*./\\]+")
+_GLOB_META_RE = re.compile(r"[?\[]")
+_STRING_LITERAL_RE = re.compile(r"'([^']*)'|\"([^\"]*)\"")
+
 # Module-level instance is safe: context_vars is passed per-call, and context_trace
 # is stack-saved/restored within expand(). Not thread-safe — only use from one thread.
 jinja = Jinja()
@@ -352,17 +363,14 @@ def resolve_include(
     an explicit non-goal here.
     """
     original = include.file
-    original_str = str(original)
     filename = str(
         _expand_substitutions(
-            original_str, path + ["file"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
+            original, path + ["file"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
         )
     )
-    substituted = filename != original_str
+    substituted = filename != original
     if substituted:
-        include = IncludeFile(
-            include.parent_file, filename, include.vars, include.yaml_loader
-        )
+        include = include.with_file(filename)
     try:
         return include.load()
     except esphome.core.EsphomeError as err:
@@ -374,6 +382,45 @@ def resolve_include(
         ) from err
 
 
+def include_candidate_patterns(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Expand a substitution/Jinja-templated path into glob-style candidate patterns.
+
+    Mirrors the two phases of :func:`_expand_substitutions` without variable
+    values: ``$var`` / ``${var}`` references become ``*`` and each remaining
+    Jinja expression contributes one pattern per quoted string literal it
+    holds (``*`` when it holds none), so every conditional branch is a
+    candidate — deliberately over-inclusive. Emitted wildcard patterns are
+    glob-safe: adjacent wildcards collapse (no recursive ``**``), ``[`` /
+    ``?`` from the filename text are escaped, and variants reduced to
+    nothing but wildcards, dots and separators are dropped so a fully
+    dynamic filename never expands to "everything in the directory",
+    including via a ``../*`` parent traversal.
+    """
+    # Replacing $var / ${var} first also keeps JINJA_PROG's first-} span
+    # matching correct for references nested inside string literals, the
+    # same ordering _expand_substitutions relies on.
+    value = cv.VARIABLE_PROG.sub("*", value)
+    options = [
+        [a or b for a, b in _STRING_LITERAL_RE.findall(expr)] or ["*"]
+        for expr in JINJA_PROG.findall(value)
+    ]
+
+    variants: list[str] = []
+    for combination in product(*options):
+        replacements = iter(combination)
+        spliced = JINJA_PROG.sub(lambda _, _next=replacements: next(_next), value)
+        variants.append(_ADJACENT_WILDCARDS_RE.sub("*", spliced))
+
+    patterns: list[str] = []
+    for variant in dict.fromkeys(variants):
+        if not variant or _WILDCARDS_ONLY_RE.fullmatch(variant):
+            continue
+        if "*" in variant:
+            variant = _GLOB_META_RE.sub(r"[\g<0>]", variant)
+        patterns.append(variant)
+    return patterns
+
+
 def _substitute_include(
     include: IncludeFile,
     path: DocumentPath,
diff --git a/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py b/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py
index 36a7425a69..230ad09df9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py
+++ b/esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py
@@ -43,23 +43,23 @@ SAFE_GLOBALS = {
 
 
 class JinjaError(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, context_trace: dict, expr: str):
+    def __init__(self, context_trace: dict, expr: str) -> None:
         self.context_trace = context_trace
         self.eval_stack = [expr]
 
-    def parent(self):
+    def parent(self) -> BaseException | None:
         return self.__context__
 
-    def error_name(self):
+    def error_name(self) -> str:
         return type(self.parent()).__name__
 
-    def context_trace_str(self):
+    def context_trace_str(self) -> str:
         return "\n".join(
             f"  {k} = {repr(v)} ({type(v).__name__})"
             for k, v in self.context_trace.items()
         )
 
-    def stack_trace_str(self):
+    def stack_trace_str(self) -> str:
         return "\n".join(
             f" {len(self.eval_stack) - i}: {expr}{i == 0 and ' <-- ' + self.error_name() or ''}"
             for i, expr in enumerate(self.eval_stack)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class JinjaError(Exception):
 
 
 class TrackerContext(jinja.runtime.Context):
-    def resolve_or_missing(self, key):
+    def resolve_or_missing(self, key: str) -> Any:
         val = super().resolve_or_missing(key)
         if val is Missing:
             # Variable not in the template context — check if a resolver callback
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py
index c065a82958..33a5c677bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import contextlib
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -12,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
 sun_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sun")
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ ELEVATION_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-def elevation(value):
+def elevation(value: Any) -> float:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         with contextlib.suppress(cv.Invalid):
             value = ELEVATION_MAP[
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ LAT_LON_REGEX = re.compile(
 )
 
 
-def parse_latlon(value):
+def parse_latlon(value: Any) -> float:
     if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith("°"):
         # strip trailing degree character
         value = value[:-1]
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     time_ = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TIME_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_time(time_))
@@ -150,7 +154,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def sun_above_horizon_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sun_above_horizon_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ELEVATION], args, cg.double)
@@ -171,7 +180,12 @@ async def sun_above_horizon_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def sun_below_horizon_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def sun_below_horizon_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ELEVATION], args, cg.double)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py
index a1ced8ff5b..d2e9fa750d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DEGREES,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SUN_ID, Sun, sun_ns
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/sensor/sun_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sun/sensor/sun_sensor.h
index 148e5297d9..bec1a1af67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/sensor/sun_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/sensor/sun_sensor.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ enum SensorType {
   SUN_SENSOR_AZIMUTH,
 };
 
-class SunSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
+class SunSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
   void set_parent(Sun *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_type(SensorType type) { type_ = type; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/sun.h b/esphome/components/sun/sun.h
index 2999c93c71..ea9e05042d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/sun.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/sun.h
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ struct HorizontalCoordinate {
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-class Sun {
+class Sun final {
  public:
   void set_time(time::RealTimeClock *time) { time_ = time; }
   time::RealTimeClock *get_time() const { return time_; }
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class Sun {
   internal::GeoLocation location_;
 };
 
-class SunTrigger : public Trigger<>, public PollingComponent, public Parented<Sun> {
+class SunTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public PollingComponent, public Parented<Sun> {
  public:
   SunTrigger() : PollingComponent(60000) {}
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class SunTrigger : public Trigger<>, public PollingComponent, public Parented<Su
   double elevation_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SunCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Sun> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SunCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Sun> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(double, elevation);
   void set_above(bool above) { above_ = above; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py
index fc733d3435..523471bd41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_WEATHER_SUNSET_DOWN,
     ICON_WEATHER_SUNSET_UP,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_ELEVATION, CONF_SUN_ID, DEFAULT_ELEVATION, Sun, elevation, sun_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ SUN_TYPES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_optional_icon(config):
+def validate_optional_icon(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ICON not in config:
         config = config.copy()
         config[CONF_ICON] = {
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/sun_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/sun_text_sensor.h
index 65b0e358d0..a247a95e06 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/sun_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/text_sensor/sun_text_sensor.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sun {
 
-class SunTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingComponent {
+class SunTextSensor final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
   void set_parent(Sun *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_elevation(double elevation) { elevation_ = elevation; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py
index c7082794db..0f5ae27753 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Mat931"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py
index 55c8195391..26435cfa67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID, SunGTIL2Component
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID])
     if ac_voltage_config := config.get(CONF_AC_VOLTAGE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(ac_voltage_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sun_gtil2.h b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sun_gtil2.h
index e774fefcf8..dc3516f2b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sun_gtil2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/sun_gtil2.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sun_gtil2 {
 
-class SunGTIL2 : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class SunGTIL2 final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py
index f74f89b3b4..eae69fb4df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sun_gtil2/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_STATE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID, SunGTIL2Component
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SUN_GTIL2_ID])
     if state_config := config.get(CONF_STATE):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(state_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
index 1108652e99..18b95113cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ _SWITCH_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_ON): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_OFF): automation.validate_automation({}),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
         }
     )
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a0221fe56..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "automation.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::switch_ {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "switch.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/automation.h b/esphome/components/switch/automation.h
index ed1f056c8b..158fb08baf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/automation.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class TurnOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class TurnOnAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit TurnOnAction(Switch *a_switch) : switch_(a_switch) {}
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TurnOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Switch *switch_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class TurnOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class TurnOffAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit TurnOffAction(Switch *a_switch) : switch_(a_switch) {}
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TurnOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Switch *switch_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ToggleAction(Switch *a_switch) : switch_(a_switch) {}
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Switch *switch_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ControlAction(Switch *a_switch) : switch_(a_switch) {}
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Switch *switch_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SwitchCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SwitchCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   SwitchCondition(Switch *parent, bool state) : parent_(parent), state_(state) {}
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == this->state_; }
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SwitchCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
   bool state_;
 };
 
-class SwitchStateTrigger : public Trigger<bool> {
+class SwitchStateTrigger final : public Trigger<bool> {
  public:
   SwitchStateTrigger(Switch *a_switch) {
     a_switch->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) { this->trigger(state); });
   }
 };
 
-class SwitchTurnOnTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+class SwitchTurnOnTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   SwitchTurnOnTrigger(Switch *a_switch) {
     a_switch->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class SwitchTurnOnTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-class SwitchTurnOffTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+class SwitchTurnOffTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   SwitchTurnOffTrigger(Switch *a_switch) {
     a_switch->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class SwitchTurnOffTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SwitchPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SwitchPublishAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   SwitchPublishAction(Switch *a_switch) : switch_(a_switch) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h
index 0b77cdd920..5c4184ecfa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
-class SwitchBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
+class SwitchBinarySensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
  public:
   void set_source(Switch *source) { source_ = source; }
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
index abc7338a62..101a0b9ffa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ void Switch::publish_state(bool state) {
 }
 bool Switch::assumed_state() { return false; }
 
-void Switch::set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }
-bool Switch::is_inverted() const { return this->inverted_; }
-
 void log_switch(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Switch *obj) {
   if (obj != nullptr) {
     // Prepare restore mode string
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
index b7761cba0a..0564c3efd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Switch : public EntityBase {
    *
    * @param inverted Whether to invert this switch.
    */
-  void set_inverted(bool inverted);
+  void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }
 
   /** Set callback for state changes.
    *
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class Switch : public EntityBase {
    */
   virtual bool assumed_state();
 
-  bool is_inverted() const;
+  bool is_inverted() const { return this->inverted_; }
 
   void set_restore_mode(SwitchRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode = restore_mode; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/automation.h b/esphome/components/sx126x/automation.h
index 2721cbfbbf..4eb33abaa1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/automation.h
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sx126x {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class RunImageCalAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class RunImageCalAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->run_image_cal(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
  public:
   void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
     this->data_.func = func;
@@ -43,23 +43,23 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
   } data_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeTxAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeTxAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_tx(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeRxAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeRxAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_rx(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeSleepAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeSleepAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, cold)
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_sleep(this->cold_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeStandbyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeStandbyAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX126x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_standby(STDBY_XOSC); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 4d79b23ac1..fc3bbf6df2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX126X_ID, SX126x, SX126xListener, sx126x_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(SX126xTransport).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
     sx126x = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX126X_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(sx126x))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/sx126x_transport.h b/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/sx126x_transport.h
index 7590e35c28..ccd20755e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/sx126x_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/packet_transport/sx126x_transport.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sx126x {
 
-class SX126xTransport : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public Parented<SX126x>, public SX126xListener {
+class SX126xTransport final : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public Parented<SX126x>, public SX126xListener {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void on_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &packet, float rssi, float snr) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.h b/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.h
index 6816084df0..b3dfe6590a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.h
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ class SX126xListener {
   virtual void on_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &packet, float rssi, float snr) = 0;
 };
 
-class SX126x : public Component,
-               public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
-                                     spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SX126x final : public Component,
+                     public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
+                                           spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   size_t get_max_packet_size();
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
index 8fa7247192..34f2d4122f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
@@ -5,6 +7,8 @@ from esphome.components.const import CONF_CRC_ENABLE, CONF_ON_PACKET
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 CODEOWNERS = ["@swoboda1337"]
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ SetModeStandbyAction = sx127x_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list[int]:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, list):
@@ -146,7 +150,7 @@ def validate_raw_data(value):
     )
 
 
-def validate_config(config):
+def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MODULATION] == "LORA":
         bws = [
             "7_8kHz",
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
@@ -312,7 +316,12 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def no_args_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -333,7 +342,12 @@ SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def send_packet_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def send_packet_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     data = config[CONF_DATA]
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/automation.h b/esphome/components/sx127x/automation.h
index 7a2eb7ee8d..f6a4537e23 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/automation.h
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sx127x {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class RunImageCalAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class RunImageCalAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->run_image_cal(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
  public:
   void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
     this->data_.func = func;
@@ -43,22 +43,22 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
   } data_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeTxAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeTxAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_tx(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeRxAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeRxAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_rx(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeSleepAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeSleepAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_sleep(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class SetModeStandbyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModeStandbyAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SX127x> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mode_standby(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 2f3a0f6e2b..33204a7d83 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX127X_ID, SX127x, SX127xListener, sx127x_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(SX127xTransport).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
     sx127x = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX127X_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(sx127x))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/sx127x_transport.h b/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/sx127x_transport.h
index 5dcfe02c33..fb38fc15bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/sx127x_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/packet_transport/sx127x_transport.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sx127x {
 
-class SX127xTransport : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public Parented<SX127x>, public SX127xListener {
+class SX127xTransport final : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public Parented<SX127x>, public SX127xListener {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void on_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &packet, float rssi, float snr) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.h b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.h
index 376c987ed1..070a6eeb96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.h
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class SX127xListener {
   virtual void on_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &packet, float rssi, float snr) = 0;
 };
 
-class SX127x : public Component,
-               public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
-                                     spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
+class SX127x final : public Component,
+                     public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
+                                           spi::DATA_RATE_8MHZ> {
  public:
   size_t get_max_packet_size();
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py
index b61b92fd1e..c1e4e11d54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PULLUP,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_KEYPAD = "keypad"
 CONF_KEYS = "keys"
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ SX1509KeyTrigger = sx1509_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def check_keys(config):
+def check_keys(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         CONF_KEYS in config
         and len(config[CONF_KEYS]) != config[CONF_KEY_ROWS] * config[CONF_KEY_COLUMNS]
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.uint8, "x")], tconf)
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ SX1509_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_SX1509, SX1509_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sx1509_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sx1509_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX1509])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 0ceca77a5d..154a841348 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_COL, CONF_ROW
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX1509_ID, SX1509Component, sx1509_ns
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(SX1509BinarySensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX1509_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_row_col(config[CONF_ROW], config[CONF_COL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/sx1509_binary_keypad_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/sx1509_binary_keypad_sensor.h
index bcd8901530..5d26a37283 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/sx1509_binary_keypad_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/binary_sensor/sx1509_binary_keypad_sensor.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::sx1509 {
 
-class SX1509BinarySensor : public sx1509::SX1509Processor, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
+class SX1509BinarySensor final : public sx1509::SX1509Processor, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
  public:
   void set_row_col(uint8_t row, uint8_t col) { this->key_ = (1 << (col + 8)) | (1 << row); }
   void process(uint16_t data) override { this->publish_state(static_cast<bool>(data == key_)); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py
index 9e2db7bb10..aed5ab7dd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SX1509_ID, SX1509Component, sx1509_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SX1509_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/output/sx1509_float_output.h b/esphome/components/sx1509/output/sx1509_float_output.h
index ee53cef637..8790b2fcd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/output/sx1509_float_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/output/sx1509_float_output.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome::sx1509 {
 
 class SX1509Component;
 
-class SX1509FloatOutputChannel : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
+class SX1509FloatOutputChannel final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
  public:
   void set_parent(SX1509Component *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.h b/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.h
index 35883eed5b..c7aed2cddd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.h
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ class SX1509Processor {
   virtual void process(uint16_t data){};
 };
 
-class SX1509KeyTrigger : public Trigger<uint8_t> {};
+class SX1509KeyTrigger final : public Trigger<uint8_t> {};
 
-class SX1509Component : public Component,
-                        public i2c::I2CDevice,
-                        public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint16_t, 16>,
-                        public key_provider::KeyProvider {
+class SX1509Component final : public Component,
+                              public i2c::I2CDevice,
+                              public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint16_t, 16>,
+                              public key_provider::KeyProvider {
  public:
   SX1509Component() = default;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509_gpio_pin.h b/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509_gpio_pin.h
index 9dcad37b27..3bd3d90bd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509_gpio_pin.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509_gpio_pin.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace esphome::sx1509 {
 
 class SX1509Component;
 
-class SX1509GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
+class SX1509GPIOPin final : public GPIOPin {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py
index 2390d046e4..cb9d64aee7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@linkedupbits"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         config[CONF_ENABLE_STATUS_LED],
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 132b282051..c95850aadc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_CONNECTIVITY, DEVICE_CLASS_POWER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SY6970_ID, SY6970Component, sy6970_ns
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SY6970_ID])
 
     if vbus_connected_config := config.get(CONF_VBUS_CONNECTED):
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/sy6970_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/sy6970_binary_sensor.h
index 4a374d7e3d..b94c89d123 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/sy6970_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/binary_sensor/sy6970_binary_sensor.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::sy6970 {
 
 template<uint8_t REG, uint8_t SHIFT, uint8_t MASK, uint8_t TRUE_VALUE>
-class StatusBinarySensor : public SY6970Listener, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
+class StatusBinarySensor final : public SY6970Listener, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
  public:
   void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) override {
     uint8_t value = (data.registers[REG] >> SHIFT) & MASK;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class InverseStatusBinarySensor : public SY6970Listener, public binary_sensor::B
 };
 
 // Custom binary sensor for charging (true when pre-charge or fast charge)
-class SY6970ChargingBinarySensor : public SY6970Listener, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
+class SY6970ChargingBinarySensor final : public SY6970Listener, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
  public:
   void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) override {
     uint8_t chrg_stat = (data.registers[SY6970_REG_STATUS] >> 3) & 0x03;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py
index e6ee9d1337..8f8090b6ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIAMP,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SY6970_ID, SY6970Component, sy6970_ns
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SY6970_ID])
 
     if vbus_voltage_config := config.get(CONF_VBUS_VOLTAGE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/sy6970_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/sy6970_sensor.h
index f912d726b2..61abbc3e36 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/sy6970_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/sensor/sy6970_sensor.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ using SY6970SystemVoltageSensor = VoltageSensor<SY6970_REG_VINDPM_STATUS, 0x7F,
 using SY6970ChargeCurrentSensor = CurrentSensor<SY6970_REG_CHARGE_CURRENT_MONITOR, 0x7F, 0, CHG_CURRENT_STEP_MA>;
 
 // Precharge current sensor needs special handling (bit shift)
-class SY6970PrechargeCurrentSensor : public SY6970Listener, public sensor::Sensor {
+class SY6970PrechargeCurrentSensor final : public SY6970Listener, public sensor::Sensor {
  public:
   void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) override {
     uint8_t iprechg = (data.registers[SY6970_REG_PRECHARGE_CURRENT] >> 4) & 0x0F;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/sy6970.h b/esphome/components/sy6970/sy6970.h
index 2225dd781b..06f0615ab4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/sy6970.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/sy6970.h
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class SY6970Listener {
   virtual void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) = 0;
 };
 
-class SY6970Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class SY6970Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   SY6970Component(bool led_enabled, uint16_t input_current_limit, uint16_t charge_voltage, uint16_t charge_current,
                   uint16_t precharge_current, bool charge_enabled, bool enable_adc)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 2a4eb90811..03a55393b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_SY6970_ID, SY6970Component, sy6970_ns
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SY6970_ID])
 
     if bus_status_config := config.get(CONF_BUS_STATUS):
diff --git a/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/sy6970_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/sy6970_text_sensor.h
index 665c5eca64..e569bd0b90 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/sy6970_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sy6970/text_sensor/sy6970_text_sensor.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::sy6970 {
 
 // Bus status text sensor
-class SY6970BusStatusTextSensor : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class SY6970BusStatusTextSensor final : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) override {
     uint8_t status = (data.registers[SY6970_REG_STATUS] >> 5) & 0x07;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class SY6970BusStatusTextSensor : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::Tex
 };
 
 // Charge status text sensor
-class SY6970ChargeStatusTextSensor : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class SY6970ChargeStatusTextSensor final : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) override {
     uint8_t status = (data.registers[SY6970_REG_STATUS] >> 3) & 0x03;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class SY6970ChargeStatusTextSensor : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::
 };
 
 // NTC status text sensor
-class SY6970NtcStatusTextSensor : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class SY6970NtcStatusTextSensor final : public SY6970Listener, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void on_data(const SY6970Data &data) override {
     uint8_t status = data.registers[SY6970_REG_FAULT] & 0x07;
diff --git a/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py b/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py
index 08626404f7..bf7fe9a307 100644
--- a/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/syslog/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.components.udp import CONF_UDP_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LEVEL, CONF_PORT, CONF_TIME_ID
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component, Parented
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = udp.UDP_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UDP_ID])
     time = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TIME_ID])
     cg.add(parent.set_broadcast_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h b/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h
index be4fa91436..4a76f9ac62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h
+++ b/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
 namespace esphome::syslog {
-class Syslog : public Component, public Parented<udp::UDPComponent> {
+class Syslog final : public Component, public Parented<udp::UDPComponent> {
  public:
   Syslog(int level, time::RealTimeClock *time) : log_level_(level), time_(time) {}
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py b/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py
index 9315e4a669..6f3ef372bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/t6615/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@tylermenezes"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/t6615/t6615.h b/esphome/components/t6615/t6615.h
index 0c2088f7b0..7ad2ae23c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/t6615/t6615.h
+++ b/esphome/components/t6615/t6615.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ enum class T6615Command : uint8_t {
   SET_ELEVATION,
 };
 
-class T6615Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class T6615Component final : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   void loop() override;
   void update() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py
index 18a94016fb..3d26dc2377 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tc74/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sethgirvan"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.h b/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.h
index 4a53f39bc1..c48303c009 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::tc74 {
 
-class TC74Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice, public sensor::Sensor {
+class TC74Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice, public sensor::Sensor {
  public:
   /// Setup the sensor and check connection.
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py
index 72973a54ad..381b84cad6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tca9548a/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_CHANNELS, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andreashergert1984"]
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tca9548a/tca9548a.h b/esphome/components/tca9548a/tca9548a.h
index f0417ac7f7..a98c226d32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tca9548a/tca9548a.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tca9548a/tca9548a.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome::tca9548a {
 static const uint8_t TCA9548A_DISABLE_CHANNELS_COMMAND = 0x00;
 
 class TCA9548AComponent;
-class TCA9548AChannel : public i2c::I2CBus {
+class TCA9548AChannel final : public i2c::I2CBus {
  public:
   void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { channel_ = channel; }
   void set_parent(TCA9548AComponent *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class TCA9548AChannel : public i2c::I2CBus {
   TCA9548AComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-class TCA9548AComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class TCA9548AComponent final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py
index 5f571fcea6..3033cc65e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tca9555/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import i2c
+from esphome.components import gpio_expander, i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mobrembski"]
 
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(TCA9555Component),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ TCA9555_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_TCA9555, TCA9555_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def tca9555_pin_to_code(config):
+async def tca9555_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TCA9555])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tca9555/tca9555.h b/esphome/components/tca9555/tca9555.h
index 19773a0e93..50037cbe92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tca9555/tca9555.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tca9555/tca9555.h
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::tca9555 {
 
-class TCA9555Component : public Component,
-                         public i2c::I2CDevice,
-                         public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint8_t, 16> {
+class TCA9555Component final : public Component,
+                               public i2c::I2CDevice,
+                               public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint8_t, 16> {
  public:
   TCA9555Component() = default;
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class TCA9555Component : public Component,
 };
 
 /// Helper class to expose a TCA9555 pin as an internal input GPIO pin.
-class TCA9555GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<TCA9555Component> {
+class TCA9555GPIOPin final : public GPIOPin, public Parented<TCA9555Component> {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py b/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py
index 58ed7ee529..c175b1ea80 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tcl112/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ Tcl112Climate = tcl112_ns.class_("Tcl112Climate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(Tcl112Climate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.h b/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.h
index 0aef2decc8..21eb618947 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome::tcl112 {
 const float TCL112_TEMP_MAX = 31.0;
 const float TCL112_TEMP_MIN = 16.0;
 
-class Tcl112Climate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
+class Tcl112Climate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
  public:
   Tcl112Climate()
       : climate_ir::ClimateIR(TCL112_TEMP_MIN, TCL112_TEMP_MAX, .5f, true, true,
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py
index 34b6c579b6..da6edfd62a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tcs34725/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcs34725/tcs34725.h b/esphome/components/tcs34725/tcs34725.h
index 15e4fae52f..79b49bc810 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcs34725/tcs34725.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tcs34725/tcs34725.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ enum TCS34725Gain {
   TCS34725_GAIN_60X = 0x03,
 };
 
-class TCS34725Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class TCS34725Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void set_integration_time(TCS34725IntegrationTime integration_time);
   void set_gain(TCS34725Gain gain);
diff --git a/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py
index db8e8d9268..2d8853394c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tee501/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Stock-M"]
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tee501/tee501.h b/esphome/components/tee501/tee501.h
index 4a08291318..bbd63a4e2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tee501/tee501.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tee501/tee501.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 namespace esphome::tee501 {
 
 /// This class implements support for the tee501 of temperature i2c sensors.
-class TEE501Component : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class TEE501Component final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py
index 87c7b9e85c..f9233511e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@0hax"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_HISTORICAL_MODE])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py
index 150484d97a..b51d4cb795 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_TAG_NAME, CONF_TELEINFO_ID, TELEINFO_LISTENER_SCHEMA, teleinfo_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 ).extend(TELEINFO_LISTENER_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_TAG_NAME])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await sensor.register_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/teleinfo_sensor.h b/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/teleinfo_sensor.h
index 37736c4e73..f4a27fa08b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/teleinfo_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/sensor/teleinfo_sensor.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::teleinfo {
 
-class TeleInfoSensor : public TeleInfoListener, public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
+class TeleInfoSensor final : public TeleInfoListener, public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
  public:
   TeleInfoSensor(const char *tag);
   void publish_val(const std::string &val) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.cpp b/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.cpp
index cd2ddbbb38..e00895d162 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ bool TeleInfo::read_chars_until_(bool drop, uint8_t c) {
      */
     if (buf_index_ >= (MAX_BUF_SIZE - 1)) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Internal buffer full");
-      state_ = OFF;
+      state_ = STATE_OFF;
       return false;
     }
     buf_[buf_index_++] = received;
@@ -65,18 +65,18 @@ bool TeleInfo::read_chars_until_(bool drop, uint8_t c) {
 
   return false;
 }
-void TeleInfo::setup() { state_ = OFF; }
+void TeleInfo::setup() { state_ = STATE_OFF; }
 void TeleInfo::update() {
-  if (state_ == OFF) {
+  if (state_ == STATE_OFF) {
     buf_index_ = 0;
-    state_ = ON;
+    state_ = STATE_ON;
   }
 }
 void TeleInfo::loop() {
   switch (state_) {
-    case OFF:
+    case STATE_OFF:
       break;
-    case ON:
+    case STATE_ON:
       /* Dequeue chars until start frame (0x2) */
       if (read_chars_until_(true, 0x2))
         state_ = START_FRAME_RECEIVED;
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ void TeleInfo::loop() {
 
         publish_value_(std::string(tag_), std::string(val_));
       }
-      state_ = OFF;
+      state_ = STATE_OFF;
       break;
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.h b/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.h
index eeab3b5103..4aab3bf2cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.h
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/teleinfo.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class TeleInfoListener {
   std::string tag;
   virtual void publish_val(const std::string &val){};
 };
-class TeleInfo : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class TeleInfo final : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   TeleInfo(bool historical_mode);
   void register_teleinfo_listener(TeleInfoListener *listener);
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ class TeleInfo : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   char val_[MAX_VAL_SIZE];
   char timestamp_[MAX_TIMESTAMP_SIZE];
   enum State {
-    OFF,
-    ON,
+    STATE_OFF,
+    STATE_ON,
     START_FRAME_RECEIVED,
     END_FRAME_RECEIVED,
-  } state_{OFF};
+  } state_{STATE_OFF};
   bool read_chars_until_(bool drop, uint8_t c);
   bool check_crc_(const char *grp, const char *grp_end);
   void publish_value_(const std::string &tag, const std::string &val);
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 79fabd10d0..0b6ff11d74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_TAG_NAME, CONF_TELEINFO_ID, TELEINFO_LISTENER_SCHEMA, teleinfo_ns
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(TeleInfoTextSensor).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_TAG_NAME])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await text_sensor.register_text_sensor(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/teleinfo_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/teleinfo_text_sensor.h
index f4c04a03a0..24ec00e671 100644
--- a/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/teleinfo_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/teleinfo/text_sensor/teleinfo_text_sensor.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 
 namespace esphome::teleinfo {
-class TeleInfoTextSensor : public TeleInfoListener, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
+class TeleInfoTextSensor final : public TeleInfoListener, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
   TeleInfoTextSensor(const char *tag);
   void publish_val(const std::string &val) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py
index 508dc1bcd4..289641f951 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tem3200/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bakerkj"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tem3200/tem3200.h b/esphome/components/tem3200/tem3200.h
index 5c73a25fbb..ad8d0154f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tem3200/tem3200.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tem3200/tem3200.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 namespace esphome::tem3200 {
 
 /// This class implements support for the tem3200 pressure and temperature i2c sensors.
-class TEM3200Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class TEM3200Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
   void set_raw_pressure_sensor(sensor::Sensor *raw_pressure_sensor) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
index 06b5a10892..e010e2c292 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mauritskorse"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -90,13 +91,13 @@ def text_schema(
 
 @setup_entity("text")
 async def setup_text_core_(
-    var,
-    config,
+    var: MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
     *,
     min_length: int | None,
     max_length: int | None,
     pattern: str | None,
-):
+) -> None:
     cg.add(var.traits.set_min_length(min_length))
     cg.add(var.traits.set_max_length(max_length))
     if pattern is not None:
@@ -117,13 +118,13 @@ async def setup_text_core_(
 
 
 async def register_text(
-    var,
-    config,
+    var: MockObj,
+    config: ConfigType,
     *,
     min_length: int | None = 0,
     max_length: int | None = 255,
     pattern: str | None = None,
-):
+) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("text", config)
@@ -134,12 +135,12 @@ async def register_text(
 
 
 async def new_text(
-    config,
+    config: ConfigType,
     *,
     min_length: int | None = 0,
     max_length: int | None = 255,
     pattern: str | None = None,
-):
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await register_text(
         var, config, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, pattern=pattern
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ async def new_text(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(text_ns.using)
 
 
@@ -169,7 +170,12 @@ OPERATION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def text_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def text_set_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.std_string)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text.cpp b/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
index 032ea468e6..a1df6286c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ namespace esphome::text {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "text";
 
-void Text::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
-
-void Text::publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
-
 void Text::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
   this->set_has_state(true);
   // Only assign if changed to avoid heap allocation
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text.h b/esphome/components/text/text.h
index eb6a68f998..54afb8db8f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text.h
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ class Text : public EntityBase {
   std::string state;
   TextTraits traits;
 
-  void publish_state(const std::string &state);
-  void publish_state(const char *state);
+  void publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
+  void publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
   void publish_state(const char *state, size_t len);
 
   /// Instantiate a TextCall object to modify this text component's state.
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 5e45f10193..ab0e9bdcdc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SOURCE_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import Text, text_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config, source)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 01a57cbaa1..29399a51b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
@@ -144,7 +145,9 @@ _TEXT_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTTextSensor),
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(TextSensor),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): validate_device_class,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): validate_device_class,
             cv.Optional(CONF_FILTERS): validate_filters,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_VALUE): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE): automation.validate_automation({}),
@@ -254,3 +257,8 @@ async def text_sensor_state_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE], args, cg.std_string)
     cg.add(var.set_state(templ))
     return var
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"filter.cpp": "USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
index d2483619a6..17c606d253 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ void log_text_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Text
   LOG_ENTITY_ICON(tag, prefix, *obj);
 }
 
-void TextSensor::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
-
-void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
-
 void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
@@ -91,10 +87,6 @@ const std::string &TextSensor::get_raw_state() const {
 #endif
   return this->state;  // No filters, raw == filtered
 }
-void TextSensor::internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state) {
-  this->internal_send_state_to_frontend(state.data(), state.size());
-}
-
 void TextSensor::internal_send_state_to_frontend(const char *state, size_t len) {
   // Only assign if changed to avoid heap allocation
   if (len != this->state.size() || memcmp(state, this->state.data(), len) != 0) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
index aa48781f41..0e7364bf98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase {
   /// Returns the raw (pre-filter) state.
   const std::string &get_raw_state() const;
 
-  void publish_state(const std::string &state);
-  void publish_state(const char *state);
+  void publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.data(), state.size()); }
+  void publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
   void publish_state(const char *state, size_t len);
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase {
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
 
-  void internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state);
+  void internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state) {
+    this->internal_send_state_to_frontend(state.data(), state.size());
+  }
   void internal_send_state_to_frontend(const char *state, size_t len);
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py
index de63229621..c660e5fcef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -19,17 +19,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@sittner"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 thermopro_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("thermopro_ble")
 ThermoProBLE = thermopro_ble_ns.class_(
-    "ThermoProBLE", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "ThermoProBLE", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("thermopro_ble"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ThermoProBLE),
@@ -68,15 +70,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp
index 2a950d3664..d10a6c33cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::thermopro_ble {
 
 // this size must be large enough to hold the largest data frame
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ void ThermoProBLE::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // check for matching mac address
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
@@ -66,8 +64,8 @@ bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
     }
 
     // reconstruct whole record from 2 byte uuid and data
-    esp_bt_uuid_t uuid = service_data.uuid.get_uuid();
-    uint8_t data[MAX_DATA_SIZE] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(uuid.uuid.uuid16), static_cast<uint8_t>(uuid.uuid.uuid16 >> 8)};
+    uint16_t svc_uuid16 = service_data.uuid.uuid16();
+    uint8_t data[MAX_DATA_SIZE] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(svc_uuid16), static_cast<uint8_t>(svc_uuid16 >> 8)};
     std::copy(service_data.data.begin(), service_data.data.end(), std::begin(data) + 2);
 
     // dispatch data to parser
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ bool ThermoProBLE::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   return success;
 }
 
-void ThermoProBLE::update_device_type_(const std::string &device_name) {
+void ThermoProBLE::update_device_type_(StringRef device_name) {
   // check for changed device name (should only happen on initial call)
   if (this->device_name_ == device_name) {
     return;
@@ -202,5 +200,3 @@ static optional<ParseResult> parse_tp3(const uint8_t *data, std::size_t data_siz
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::thermopro_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h
index 2d7523e07a..1c05516e47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/thermopro_ble/thermopro_ble.h
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::thermopro_ble {
 
@@ -17,11 +15,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
 
 using DeviceParser = optional<ParseResult> (*)(const uint8_t *data, std::size_t data_size);
 
-class ThermoProBLE final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class ThermoProBLE final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_signal_strength(sensor::Sensor *signal_strength) { this->signal_strength_ = signal_strength; }
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -41,9 +39,7 @@ class ThermoProBLE final : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevi
   sensor::Sensor *humidity_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *battery_level_{nullptr};
 
-  void update_device_type_(const std::string &device_name);
+  void update_device_type_(StringRef device_name);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::thermopro_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py b/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
index d609e22ac2..3cc4dc7009 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, sensor
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_CHANGE_ACTION,
     CONF_VISUAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_DEFAULT_PRESET = "default_preset"
 CONF_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_DEHUMIDIFY_ACTION = "humidity_control_dehumidify_action"
@@ -124,7 +127,12 @@ PRESET_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def validate_temperature_preset(preset, root_config, name, requirements):
+def validate_temperature_preset(
+    preset: ConfigType,
+    root_config: ConfigType,
+    name: str,
+    requirements: dict[str, list[str]],
+) -> None:
     # verify temperature settings for the provided preset / default / away configuration
     for config_temp, req_actions in requirements.items():
         for req_action in req_actions:
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ def validate_temperature_preset(preset, root_config, name, requirements):
                 )
 
 
-def generate_comparable_preset(config, name):
+def generate_comparable_preset(config: ConfigType, name: str) -> str:
     comparable_preset = f"{CONF_PRESET}:\n  -  {CONF_NAME}: {name}\n"
 
     if CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW in config:
@@ -151,7 +159,7 @@ def generate_comparable_preset(config, name):
     return comparable_preset
 
 
-def validate_heat_cool_mode(value) -> list:
+def validate_heat_cool_mode(value: Any) -> list:
     """Validate heat_cool_mode - accepts either True or an automation."""
     if value is True:
         # Convert True to empty automation list
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@ def validate_heat_cool_mode(value) -> list:
     return automation.validate_automation(single=True)(value)
 
 
-def validate_thermostat(config):
+def validate_thermostat(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # verify corresponding action(s) exist(s) for any defined climate mode or action
     requirements = {
         CONF_HEAT_COOL_MODE: [
@@ -681,7 +689,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
index 2390a96337..c10eb5b9f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
@@ -76,11 +76,6 @@ void ThermostatClimate::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-float ThermostatClimate::cool_deadband() { return this->cooling_deadband_; }
-float ThermostatClimate::cool_overrun() { return this->cooling_overrun_; }
-float ThermostatClimate::heat_deadband() { return this->heating_deadband_; }
-float ThermostatClimate::heat_overrun() { return this->heating_overrun_; }
-
 void ThermostatClimate::refresh() {
   this->switch_to_mode_(this->mode, false);
   this->switch_to_action_(this->compute_action_(), false);
@@ -121,8 +116,6 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::fan_mode_change_delayed() {
 
 climate::ClimateAction ThermostatClimate::delayed_climate_action() { return this->compute_action_(true); }
 
-climate::ClimateFanMode ThermostatClimate::locked_fan_mode() { return this->prev_fan_mode_; }
-
 bool ThermostatClimate::hysteresis_valid() {
   if ((this->supports_cool_ || (this->supports_fan_only_ && this->supports_fan_only_cooling_)) &&
       (std::isnan(this->cooling_deadband_) || std::isnan(this->cooling_overrun_)))
@@ -1286,10 +1279,6 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::change_preset_internal_(const ThermostatClimateTargetTem
   return something_changed;
 }
 
-void ThermostatClimate::set_preset_config(std::initializer_list<PresetEntry> presets) {
-  this->preset_config_ = presets;
-}
-
 void ThermostatClimate::set_custom_preset_config(std::initializer_list<CustomPresetEntry> presets) {
   this->custom_preset_config_ = presets;
   // Populate Climate base class custom presets vector
@@ -1317,19 +1306,6 @@ void ThermostatClimate::set_default_preset(const char *custom_preset) {
 
 void ThermostatClimate::set_default_preset(climate::ClimatePreset preset) { this->default_preset_ = preset; }
 
-void ThermostatClimate::set_on_boot_restore_from(thermostat::OnBootRestoreFrom on_boot_restore_from) {
-  this->on_boot_restore_from_ = on_boot_restore_from;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_set_point_minimum_differential(float differential) {
-  this->set_point_minimum_differential_ = differential;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_cool_deadband(float deadband) { this->cooling_deadband_ = deadband; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_cool_overrun(float overrun) { this->cooling_overrun_ = overrun; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_heat_deadband(float deadband) { this->heating_deadband_ = deadband; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_heat_overrun(float overrun) { this->heating_overrun_ = overrun; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supplemental_cool_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_cool_delta_ = delta; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supplemental_heat_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_heat_delta_ = delta; }
-
 void ThermostatClimate::set_timer_duration_in_sec_(ThermostatClimateTimerIndex timer_index, uint32_t time) {
   uint32_t new_duration_ms = 1000 * (time < this->min_timer_duration_ ? this->min_timer_duration_ : time);
 
@@ -1389,80 +1365,9 @@ void ThermostatClimate::set_heating_minimum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time) {
 void ThermostatClimate::set_idle_minimum_time_in_sec(uint32_t time) {
   this->set_timer_duration_in_sec_(thermostat::THERMOSTAT_TIMER_IDLE_ON, time);
 }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensor_ = sensor; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) {
-  this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor;
-}
 void ThermostatClimate::set_humidity_hysteresis(float humidity_hysteresis) {
   this->humidity_hysteresis_ = std::clamp<float>(humidity_hysteresis, 0.0f, 100.0f);
 }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_use_startup_delay(bool use_startup_delay) { this->use_startup_delay_ = use_startup_delay; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_heat_cool(bool supports_heat_cool) {
-  this->supports_heat_cool_ = supports_heat_cool;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_auto(bool supports_auto) { this->supports_auto_ = supports_auto; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_dry(bool supports_dry) { this->supports_dry_ = supports_dry; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_only(bool supports_fan_only) { this->supports_fan_only_ = supports_fan_only; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer(
-    bool supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer) {
-  this->supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer_ = supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_only_cooling(bool supports_fan_only_cooling) {
-  this->supports_fan_only_cooling_ = supports_fan_only_cooling;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_with_cooling(bool supports_fan_with_cooling) {
-  this->supports_fan_with_cooling_ = supports_fan_with_cooling;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_with_heating(bool supports_fan_with_heating) {
-  this->supports_fan_with_heating_ = supports_fan_with_heating;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat) { this->supports_heat_ = supports_heat; }
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supports_fan_mode_on) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_on_ = supports_fan_mode_on;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supports_fan_mode_off) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_off_ = supports_fan_mode_off;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supports_fan_mode_auto) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_auto_ = supports_fan_mode_auto;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supports_fan_mode_low) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_low_ = supports_fan_mode_low;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supports_fan_mode_medium) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_medium_ = supports_fan_mode_medium;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supports_fan_mode_high) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_high_ = supports_fan_mode_high;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supports_fan_mode_middle) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_middle_ = supports_fan_mode_middle;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supports_fan_mode_focus) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_focus_ = supports_fan_mode_focus;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supports_fan_mode_diffuse) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_diffuse_ = supports_fan_mode_diffuse;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_fan_mode_quiet(bool supports_fan_mode_quiet) {
-  this->supports_fan_mode_quiet_ = supports_fan_mode_quiet;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supports_swing_mode_both) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_both_ = supports_swing_mode_both;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supports_swing_mode_off) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_off_ = supports_swing_mode_off;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supports_swing_mode_horizontal) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_horizontal_ = supports_swing_mode_horizontal;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supports_swing_mode_vertical) {
-  this->supports_swing_mode_vertical_ = supports_swing_mode_vertical;
-}
-void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_two_points(bool supports_two_points) {
-  this->supports_two_points_ = supports_two_points;
-}
 void ThermostatClimate::set_supports_dehumidification(bool supports_dehumidification) {
   this->supports_dehumidification_ = supports_dehumidification;
   if (supports_dehumidification) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h
index f30659a8a6..4dc2a74d8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h
@@ -93,14 +93,16 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
 
   void set_default_preset(const char *custom_preset);
   void set_default_preset(climate::ClimatePreset preset);
-  void set_on_boot_restore_from(OnBootRestoreFrom on_boot_restore_from);
-  void set_set_point_minimum_differential(float differential);
-  void set_cool_deadband(float deadband);
-  void set_cool_overrun(float overrun);
-  void set_heat_deadband(float deadband);
-  void set_heat_overrun(float overrun);
-  void set_supplemental_cool_delta(float delta);
-  void set_supplemental_heat_delta(float delta);
+  void set_on_boot_restore_from(thermostat::OnBootRestoreFrom on_boot_restore_from) {
+    this->on_boot_restore_from_ = on_boot_restore_from;
+  }
+  void set_set_point_minimum_differential(float differential) { this->set_point_minimum_differential_ = differential; }
+  void set_cool_deadband(float deadband) { this->cooling_deadband_ = deadband; }
+  void set_cool_overrun(float overrun) { this->cooling_overrun_ = overrun; }
+  void set_heat_deadband(float deadband) { this->heating_deadband_ = deadband; }
+  void set_heat_overrun(float overrun) { this->heating_overrun_ = overrun; }
+  void set_supplemental_cool_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_cool_delta_ = delta; }
+  void set_supplemental_heat_delta(float delta) { this->supplemental_heat_delta_ = delta; }
   void set_cooling_maximum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_heating_maximum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_cooling_minimum_off_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
@@ -111,39 +113,69 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   void set_heating_minimum_off_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_heating_minimum_run_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
   void set_idle_minimum_time_in_sec(uint32_t time);
-  void set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
-  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor);
+  void set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
   void set_humidity_hysteresis(float humidity_hysteresis);
-  void set_use_startup_delay(bool use_startup_delay);
-  void set_supports_auto(bool supports_auto);
-  void set_supports_heat_cool(bool supports_heat_cool);
-  void set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool);
-  void set_supports_dry(bool supports_dry);
-  void set_supports_fan_only(bool supports_fan_only);
-  void set_supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer(bool fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer);
-  void set_supports_fan_only_cooling(bool supports_fan_only_cooling);
-  void set_supports_fan_with_cooling(bool supports_fan_with_cooling);
-  void set_supports_fan_with_heating(bool supports_fan_with_heating);
-  void set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supports_fan_mode_on);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supports_fan_mode_off);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supports_fan_mode_auto);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supports_fan_mode_low);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supports_fan_mode_medium);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supports_fan_mode_high);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supports_fan_mode_middle);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supports_fan_mode_focus);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supports_fan_mode_diffuse);
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_quiet(bool supports_fan_mode_quiet);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supports_swing_mode_both);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supports_swing_mode_horizontal);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supports_swing_mode_off);
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supports_swing_mode_vertical);
+  void set_use_startup_delay(bool use_startup_delay) { this->use_startup_delay_ = use_startup_delay; }
+  void set_supports_auto(bool supports_auto) { this->supports_auto_ = supports_auto; }
+  void set_supports_heat_cool(bool supports_heat_cool) { this->supports_heat_cool_ = supports_heat_cool; }
+  void set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
+  void set_supports_dry(bool supports_dry) { this->supports_dry_ = supports_dry; }
+  void set_supports_fan_only(bool supports_fan_only) { this->supports_fan_only_ = supports_fan_only; }
+  void set_supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer(bool supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer) {
+    this->supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer_ = supports_fan_only_action_uses_fan_mode_timer;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_only_cooling(bool supports_fan_only_cooling) {
+    this->supports_fan_only_cooling_ = supports_fan_only_cooling;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_with_cooling(bool supports_fan_with_cooling) {
+    this->supports_fan_with_cooling_ = supports_fan_with_cooling;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_with_heating(bool supports_fan_with_heating) {
+    this->supports_fan_with_heating_ = supports_fan_with_heating;
+  }
+  void set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat) { this->supports_heat_ = supports_heat; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supports_fan_mode_on) { this->supports_fan_mode_on_ = supports_fan_mode_on; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supports_fan_mode_off) { this->supports_fan_mode_off_ = supports_fan_mode_off; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supports_fan_mode_auto) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_auto_ = supports_fan_mode_auto;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supports_fan_mode_low) { this->supports_fan_mode_low_ = supports_fan_mode_low; }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supports_fan_mode_medium) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_medium_ = supports_fan_mode_medium;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supports_fan_mode_high) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_high_ = supports_fan_mode_high;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supports_fan_mode_middle) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_middle_ = supports_fan_mode_middle;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supports_fan_mode_focus) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_focus_ = supports_fan_mode_focus;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supports_fan_mode_diffuse) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_diffuse_ = supports_fan_mode_diffuse;
+  }
+  void set_supports_fan_mode_quiet(bool supports_fan_mode_quiet) {
+    this->supports_fan_mode_quiet_ = supports_fan_mode_quiet;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supports_swing_mode_both) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_both_ = supports_swing_mode_both;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supports_swing_mode_horizontal) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_horizontal_ = supports_swing_mode_horizontal;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supports_swing_mode_off) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_off_ = supports_swing_mode_off;
+  }
+  void set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supports_swing_mode_vertical) {
+    this->supports_swing_mode_vertical_ = supports_swing_mode_vertical;
+  }
   void set_supports_dehumidification(bool supports_dehumidification);
   void set_supports_humidification(bool supports_humidification);
-  void set_supports_two_points(bool supports_two_points);
+  void set_supports_two_points(bool supports_two_points) { this->supports_two_points_ = supports_two_points; }
 
-  void set_preset_config(std::initializer_list<PresetEntry> presets);
+  void set_preset_config(std::initializer_list<PresetEntry> presets) { this->preset_config_ = presets; }
   void set_custom_preset_config(std::initializer_list<CustomPresetEntry> presets);
 
   Trigger<> *get_cool_action_trigger();
@@ -181,10 +213,10 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   Trigger<> *get_humidity_control_humidify_action_trigger();
   Trigger<> *get_humidity_control_off_action_trigger();
   /// Get current hysteresis values
-  float cool_deadband();
-  float cool_overrun();
-  float heat_deadband();
-  float heat_overrun();
+  float cool_deadband() { return this->cooling_deadband_; }
+  float cool_overrun() { return this->cooling_overrun_; }
+  float heat_deadband() { return this->heating_deadband_; }
+  float heat_overrun() { return this->heating_overrun_; }
   /// Call triggers based on updated climate states (modes/actions)
   void refresh();
   /// Returns true if a climate action/fan mode transition is being delayed
@@ -193,7 +225,7 @@ class ThermostatClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   /// Returns the climate action that is being delayed (check climate_action_change_delayed(), first!)
   climate::ClimateAction delayed_climate_action();
   /// Returns the fan mode that is locked in (check fan_mode_change_delayed(), first!)
-  climate::ClimateFanMode locked_fan_mode();
+  climate::ClimateFanMode locked_fan_mode() { return this->prev_fan_mode_; }
   /// Set point and hysteresis validation
   bool hysteresis_valid();               // returns true if valid
   bool humidity_hysteresis_valid();      // returns true if valid
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
index 35fad0a450..ecc448a96a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AT,
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -411,19 +413,25 @@ async def setup_time_core_(time_var, config):
         cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
         if CORE.is_host:
-            # Host platform needs setenv("TZ")/tzset() for libc compatibility
-            cg.add(time_var.set_timezone(timezone))
-        else:
-            # Embedded: pre-parse at codegen time, emit struct directly
-            from aioesphomeapi.posix_tz import parse_posix_tz as parse_posix_tz_python
+            # Host platform also needs setenv("TZ")/tzset() for libc compatibility
+            cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f'setenv("TZ", {cpp_string_escape(timezone)}, 1)'))
+            cg.add(cg.RawExpression("tzset()"))
 
-            try:
-                parsed = parse_posix_tz_python(timezone)
-                _emit_parsed_timezone_fields(parsed)
-            except ValueError as e:
-                raise EsphomeError(f"Invalid timezone: {timezone}") from e
+        # Pre-parse at codegen time, emit struct directly
+        from aioesphomeapi.posix_tz import parse_posix_tz as parse_posix_tz_python
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TIME, []):
+        try:
+            parsed = parse_posix_tz_python(timezone)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Invalid timezone: {timezone}") from e
+        _emit_parsed_timezone_fields(parsed)
+
+    on_time = config.get(CONF_ON_TIME, [])
+    on_time_sync = config.get(CONF_ON_TIME_SYNC, [])
+    if on_time or on_time_sync:
+        cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TRIGGERS")
+
+    for conf in on_time:
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], time_var)
 
         seconds = conf.get(CONF_SECONDS, list(range(61)))
@@ -442,7 +450,7 @@ async def setup_time_core_(time_var, config):
         await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TIME_SYNC, []):
+    for conf in on_time_sync:
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], time_var)
 
         await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
@@ -473,3 +481,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
 async def time_has_time_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren)
+
+
+# posix_tz.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_TIME_TIMEZONE, set only when a
+# timezone is configured or detected; automation.cpp holds the on_time and
+# on_time_sync triggers and is #ifdef'd on USE_TIME_TRIGGERS.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {
+        "posix_tz.cpp": "USE_TIME_TIMEZONE",
+        "automation.cpp": "USE_TIME_TRIGGERS",
+    }
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
index 3242669343..b91f8b0360 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "automation.h"
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -98,3 +99,5 @@ SyncTrigger::SyncTrigger(RealTimeClock *rtc) : rtc_(rtc) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::time
+
+#endif  // USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/automation.h b/esphome/components/time/automation.h
index 7be195903a..5f980690a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/automation.h
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
+
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
@@ -49,3 +52,5 @@ class SyncTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public Component {
   RealTimeClock *rtc_;
 };
 }  // namespace esphome::time
+
+#endif  // USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
index c25248e457..002aadfec3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
 
 #include "posix_tz.h"
-#include <cctype>
 #include <cstdio>
 
 namespace esphome::time {
@@ -18,17 +17,6 @@ const ParsedTimezone &get_global_tz() { return global_tz_; }
 
 namespace internal {
 
-// Remove before 2026.9.0: parse_uint, skip_tz_name, parse_offset, parse_dst_rule,
-// and parse_transition_time are only used by parse_posix_tz() (bridge code).
-static uint32_t parse_uint(const char *&p) {
-  uint32_t value = 0;
-  while (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
-    value = value * 10 + (*p - '0');
-    p++;
-  }
-  return value;
-}
-
 bool is_leap_year(int year) { return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0); }
 
 // Get days in year (avoids duplicate is_leap_year calls)
@@ -140,62 +128,6 @@ void __attribute__((noinline)) epoch_to_tm_utc(time_t epoch, struct tm *out_tm)
   out_tm->tm_isdst = 0;
 }
 
-bool skip_tz_name(const char *&p) {
-  if (*p == '<') {
-    // Angle-bracket quoted name: <+07>, <-03>, <AEST>
-    p++;  // skip '<'
-    while (*p && *p != '>') {
-      p++;
-    }
-    if (*p == '>') {
-      p++;  // skip '>'
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;  // Unterminated
-  }
-
-  // Standard name: 3+ letters
-  const char *start = p;
-  while (*p && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
-    p++;
-  }
-  return (p - start) >= 3;
-}
-
-int32_t __attribute__((noinline)) parse_offset(const char *&p) {
-  int sign = 1;
-  if (*p == '-') {
-    sign = -1;
-    p++;
-  } else if (*p == '+') {
-    p++;
-  }
-
-  int hours = parse_uint(p);
-  int minutes = 0;
-  int seconds = 0;
-
-  if (*p == ':') {
-    p++;
-    minutes = parse_uint(p);
-    if (*p == ':') {
-      p++;
-      seconds = parse_uint(p);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return sign * (hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);
-}
-
-// Helper to parse the optional /time suffix (reuses parse_offset logic)
-static void parse_transition_time(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule) {
-  rule.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;  // Default 02:00
-  if (*p == '/') {
-    p++;
-    rule.time_seconds = parse_offset(p);
-  }
-}
-
 void __attribute__((noinline)) julian_to_month_day(int julian_day, int &out_month, int &out_day) {
   // J format: day 1-365, Feb 29 is NOT counted even in leap years
   // So day 60 is always March 1
@@ -236,59 +168,6 @@ void __attribute__((noinline)) day_of_year_to_month_day(int day_of_year, int yea
   out_day = 31;
 }
 
-bool parse_dst_rule(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule) {
-  rule = {};  // Zero initialize
-
-  if (*p == 'M' || *p == 'm') {
-    // M format: Mm.w.d (month.week.day)
-    rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
-    p++;
-
-    rule.month = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.month < 1 || rule.month > 12)
-      return false;
-
-    if (*p++ != '.')
-      return false;
-
-    rule.week = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.week < 1 || rule.week > 5)
-      return false;
-
-    if (*p++ != '.')
-      return false;
-
-    rule.day_of_week = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.day_of_week > 6)
-      return false;
-
-  } else if (*p == 'J' || *p == 'j') {
-    // J format: Jn (Julian day 1-365, not counting Feb 29)
-    rule.type = DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP;
-    p++;
-
-    rule.day = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.day < 1 || rule.day > 365)
-      return false;
-
-  } else if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
-    // Plain number format: n (day 0-365, counting Feb 29)
-    rule.type = DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR;
-
-    rule.day = parse_uint(p);
-    if (rule.day > 365)
-      return false;
-
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Parse optional /time suffix
-  parse_transition_time(p, rule);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 // Calculate days from Jan 1 of given year to given month/day
 static int __attribute__((noinline)) days_from_year_start(int year, int month, int day) {
   int days = day - 1;
@@ -299,7 +178,8 @@ static int __attribute__((noinline)) days_from_year_start(int year, int month, i
 }
 
 time_t __attribute__((noinline)) calculate_dst_transition(int year, const DSTRule &rule, int32_t base_offset_seconds) {
-  int month, day;
+  int month = 1;
+  int day = 1;
 
   switch (rule.type) {
     case DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY: {
@@ -373,83 +253,6 @@ bool __attribute__((noinline)) is_in_dst(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone
   }
 }
 
-// Remove before 2026.9.0: This parser is bridge code for backward compatibility with
-// older Home Assistant clients that send the timezone as a POSIX TZ string instead of
-// the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct. Once all clients send the struct
-// directly, this function and the parsing helpers above (skip_tz_name, parse_offset,
-// parse_dst_rule, parse_transition_time) can be removed.
-// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
-bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result) {
-  if (!tz_string || !*tz_string) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const char *p = tz_string;
-
-  // Initialize result (dst_start/dst_end default to type=NONE, so has_dst() returns false)
-  result.std_offset_seconds = 0;
-  result.dst_offset_seconds = 0;
-  result.dst_start = {};
-  result.dst_end = {};
-
-  // Skip standard timezone name
-  if (!internal::skip_tz_name(p)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Parse standard offset (required)
-  if (!*p || (!std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) && *p != '+' && *p != '-')) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  result.std_offset_seconds = internal::parse_offset(p);
-
-  // Check for DST name
-  if (!*p) {
-    return true;  // No DST
-  }
-
-  // If next char is comma, there's no DST name but there are rules (invalid)
-  if (*p == ',') {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Check if there's something that looks like a DST name start
-  // (letter or angle bracket). If not, treat as trailing garbage and return success.
-  if (!std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) && *p != '<') {
-    return true;  // No DST, trailing characters ignored
-  }
-
-  if (!internal::skip_tz_name(p)) {
-    return false;  // Invalid DST name (started but malformed)
-  }
-
-  // Optional DST offset (default is std - 1 hour)
-  if (*p && *p != ',' && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) || *p == '+' || *p == '-')) {
-    result.dst_offset_seconds = internal::parse_offset(p);
-  } else {
-    result.dst_offset_seconds = result.std_offset_seconds - 3600;
-  }
-
-  // Parse DST rules (required when DST name is present)
-  if (*p != ',') {
-    // DST name without rules - treat as no DST since we can't determine transitions
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  if (!internal::parse_dst_rule(p, result.dst_start)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Second rule is required per POSIX
-  if (*p != ',') {
-    return false;
-  }
-  p++;
-  // has_dst() now returns true since dst_start.type was set by parse_dst_rule
-  return internal::parse_dst_rule(p, result.dst_end);
-}
-
 // Format a POSIX offset (positive = west) as "+HHMM" / "-HHMM" for display.
 // Convention: negate POSIX sign so east-of-UTC is positive (ISO 8601 / RFC 2822).
 void format_designation(int32_t posix_offset, char *buf, size_t buf_size) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
index be1ddfd689..249f597166 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
@@ -39,28 +39,6 @@ struct ParsedTimezone {
 /// Format a POSIX offset as "+HHMM"/"-HHMM" into buf (must be >= 6 bytes).
 void format_designation(int32_t posix_offset, char *buf, size_t buf_size);
 
-/// Parse a POSIX TZ string into a ParsedTimezone struct.
-///
-/// @deprecated Remove before 2026.9.0 (bridge code for backward compatibility).
-/// This parser only exists so that older Home Assistant clients that send the timezone
-/// as a string (instead of the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct) can still
-/// set the timezone on the device. Once all clients are updated to send the struct
-/// directly, this function and all internal parsing helpers will be removed.
-/// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
-///
-/// Supports formats like:
-///   - "EST5" (simple offset, no DST)
-///   - "EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0" (with DST, M-format rules)
-///   - "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2" (with transition times)
-///   - "<+07>-7" (angle-bracket notation for special names)
-///   - "IST-5:30" (half-hour offsets)
-///   - "EST5EDT,J60,J300" (J-format: Julian day without leap day)
-///   - "EST5EDT,60,300" (plain day number: day of year with leap day)
-/// @param tz_string The POSIX TZ string to parse
-/// @param result Output: the parsed timezone data
-/// @return true if parsing succeeded, false on error
-bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result);
-
 /// Convert a UTC epoch to local time using the parsed timezone.
 /// This replaces libc's localtime() to avoid scanf dependency.
 /// @param utc_epoch Unix timestamp in UTC
@@ -70,8 +48,7 @@ bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result);
 bool epoch_to_local_tm(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz, struct tm *out_tm);
 
 /// Set the global timezone used by epoch_to_local_tm() when called without a timezone.
-/// This is called by RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_() to enable ESPTime::from_epoch_local()
-/// to work without libc's localtime().
+/// This enables ESPTime::from_epoch_local() to work without libc's localtime().
 void set_global_tz(const ParsedTimezone &tz);
 
 /// Get the global timezone.
@@ -84,29 +61,9 @@ const ParsedTimezone &get_global_tz();
 bool is_in_dst(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz);
 
 // Internal helper functions exposed for testing.
-// Remove before 2026.9.0: skip_tz_name, parse_offset, parse_dst_rule are only
-// used by parse_posix_tz() which is bridge code for backward compatibility.
-// The remaining helpers (epoch_to_tm_utc, day_of_week, days_in_month, etc.)
-// are used by the conversion functions and will stay.
 
 namespace internal {
 
-/// Skip a timezone name (letters or <...> quoted format)
-/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
-/// @return true if a valid name was found
-bool skip_tz_name(const char *&p);
-
-/// Parse an offset in format [-]hh[:mm[:ss]]
-/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
-/// @return Offset in seconds
-int32_t parse_offset(const char *&p);
-
-/// Parse a DST rule in format Mm.w.d[/time], Jn[/time], or n[/time]
-/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
-/// @param rule Output: the parsed rule
-/// @return true if parsing succeeded
-bool parse_dst_rule(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule);
-
 /// Convert Julian day (J format, 1-365 not counting Feb 29) to month/day
 /// @param julian_day Day number 1-365
 /// @param[out] month Output: month 1-12
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
index 4e623942ac..4f32560525 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #include "sys/time.h"
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #endif
 #include <cerrno>
@@ -107,35 +107,4 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
   this->time_sync_callback_.call();
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-void RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_(const char *tz) {
-  ParsedTimezone parsed{};
-
-  // Handle null or empty input - use UTC
-  if (tz == nullptr || *tz == '\0') {
-    // Skip if already UTC
-    if (!get_global_tz().has_dst() && get_global_tz().std_offset_seconds == 0) {
-      return;
-    }
-    set_global_tz(parsed);
-    return;
-  }
-
-#ifdef USE_HOST
-  // On host platform, also set TZ environment variable for libc compatibility
-  setenv("TZ", tz, 1);
-  tzset();
-#endif
-
-  // Parse the POSIX TZ string using our custom parser
-  if (!parse_posix_tz(tz, parsed)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to parse timezone: %s", tz);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Set global timezone for all time conversions
-  set_global_tz(parsed);
-}
-#endif
-
 }  // namespace esphome::time
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
index 7a9175f39c..c449309c9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
@@ -15,37 +15,13 @@ namespace esphome::time {
 /// The RealTimeClock class exposes common timekeeping functions via the device's local real-time clock.
 ///
 /// \note
-/// The C library (newlib) available on ESPs only supports TZ strings that specify an offset and DST info;
-/// you cannot specify zone names or paths to zoneinfo files.
-/// \see https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html
+/// The timezone is pre-parsed into a ParsedTimezone struct: at codegen time from the YAML
+/// configuration, or at runtime by API clients that send the parsed struct (Home Assistant
+/// 2026.3.0 and newer). See set_global_tz() in posix_tz.h.
 class RealTimeClock : public PollingComponent {
  public:
   explicit RealTimeClock();
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  /// Set the time zone from a POSIX TZ string.
-  void set_timezone(const char *tz) { this->apply_timezone_(tz); }
-
-  /// Set the time zone from a character buffer with known length.
-  /// The buffer does not need to be null-terminated.
-  void set_timezone(const char *tz, size_t len) {
-    if (tz == nullptr) {
-      this->apply_timezone_(nullptr);
-      return;
-    }
-    // Stack buffer - TZ strings from tzdata are typically short (< 50 chars)
-    char buf[128];
-    if (len >= sizeof(buf))
-      len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
-    memcpy(buf, tz, len);
-    buf[len] = '\0';
-    this->apply_timezone_(buf);
-  }
-
-  /// Set the time zone from a std::string.
-  void set_timezone(const std::string &tz) { this->apply_timezone_(tz.c_str()); }
-#endif
-
   /// Get the time in the currently defined timezone.
   ESPTime now();
 
@@ -65,10 +41,6 @@ class RealTimeClock : public PollingComponent {
   /// Report a unix epoch as current time.
   void synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch);
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  void apply_timezone_(const char *tz);
-#endif
-
   LazyCallbackManager<void()> time_sync_callback_;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py
index 022b48d249..895743f400 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time_based/cover/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
     CONF_STOP_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import time_based_ns
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
index 9e1ad3afc4..53c4ab0073 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["usb_host"]
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if not any(name in full_config for name in _USB_CLASS_COMPONENTS):
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -75,13 +76,12 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             "USB_SERIAL_JTAG on variants that support it "
             "(ESP32-S3, ESP32-S31, ESP32-P4, ESP32-H4)"
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp b/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp
index b748959571..c8c36f0ffb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tinyusb/tinyusb_component.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "tinyusb";
 void TinyUSB::setup() {
   // Use the device's MAC address as its serial number if no serial number is defined
   if (this->string_descriptor_[SERIAL_NUMBER] == nullptr) {
-    static char mac_addr_buf[13];
+    static char mac_addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr_buf);
     this->string_descriptor_[SERIAL_NUMBER] = mac_addr_buf;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py
index b685423787..1af9f66b95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py
index a2f4f16554..81d864ccce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/output.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import TLC59208FOutput, tlc59208f_ns
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TLC59208F_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py
index 20e53893aa..05e2ef037d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5947/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUM_CHIPS,
     CONF_OE_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_LAT_PIN = "lat_pin"
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py
index 6bea1546d3..cb285dc6ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5947/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import TLC5947, tlc5947_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TLC5947_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py
index b09924c3d3..5b9027e61a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5971/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOCK_PIN, CONF_DATA_PIN, CONF_ID, CONF_NUM_CHIPS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@IJIJI"]
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py
index 854fbbd810..8fc19aad3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc5971/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import TLC5971, tlc5971_ns
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TLC5971_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py b/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py
index f521af2842..e8a40507d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1621/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_READ_PIN,
     CONF_WRITE_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 tm1621_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tm1621")
 TM1621Display = tm1621_ns.class_("TM1621Display", cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py
index 817231627a..3dff02bbe8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_KEY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_TM1637_ID = "tm1637_id"
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TM1637Key).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await binary_sensor.register_binary_sensor(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_keycode(config[CONF_KEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py b/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py
index 141ee5a39f..ec4d32561b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/display.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_LENGTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index de6ea35e54..4f89b7bf5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_TM1638_ID, TM1638Component, tm1638_ns
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TM1638Key).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     cg.add(var.set_keycode(config[CONF_KEY]))
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TM1638_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py
index 14b70be94d..d6491129c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/display.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_STB_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@skykingjwc"]
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py
index b16b08d504..961abfee47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_TM1638_ID, TM1638Component, tm1638_ns
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.BINARY_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py
index 90ff87938c..f42b835e03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_LED
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_TM1638_ID, TM1638Component, tm1638_ns
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_lednum(config[CONF_LED]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
index 7d957df3be..c0cc6f1d2c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LEVEL,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@mrtoy-me"]
 
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     clk_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_CLK_PIN])
@@ -75,7 +78,12 @@ BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_BRIGHTNESS], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -95,7 +103,12 @@ async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -115,7 +128,12 @@ async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_LEVEL_PERCENT], args, cg.uint8)
@@ -129,7 +147,12 @@ async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
     BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def output_turn_off_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -138,7 +161,12 @@ async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @automation.register_action(
     "tm1651.turn_on", TurnOnAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def output_turn_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def output_turn_on_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
index 862d526ccf..eba0d3c026 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@timsavage"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py
index bedeef8e3c..3cbda4a57a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp1075/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py
index e906fe0aee..8a3073bef6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp117/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Azimath"]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def determine_config_register(polling_period):
+def determine_config_register(polling_period: int) -> int:
     if polling_period >= 16000:
         # 64 averaged conversions, max conversion time
         # 0000 00 111 11 00000
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ def determine_config_register(polling_period):
     return 0x0000
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py
index d3aeaa814f..2475cf6bd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tof10120/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@wstrzalka"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py b/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py
index 447920326b..f4d4c2a6d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tormatic/cover.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import cover, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CLOSE_DURATION, CONF_OPEN_DURATION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 tormatic_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tormatic")
 Tormatic = tormatic_ns.class_("Tormatic", cover.Cover, cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py b/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py
index bdb17923fa..3b1e7352f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/toshiba/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
@@ -24,6 +25,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(ToshibaClimate).exten
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py
index f026dc9530..343fe917de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["time"]
 
@@ -29,11 +30,11 @@ TotalDailyEnergy = total_daily_energy_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom, config):
+def inherit_unit_of_measurement(uom: str, config: ConfigType) -> str:
     return uom + "h"
 
 
-def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals, config):
+def inherit_accuracy_decimals(decimals: int, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     return decimals + 2
 
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 4a5c03ace4..c8b918007b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import voluptuous as vol
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
@@ -14,6 +18,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
 )
 from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@nielsnl68"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display"]
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ CONF_Y_MIN = "y_min"
 CONF_Y_MAX = "y_max"
 
 
-def validate_calibration(calibration_config):
+def validate_calibration(calibration_config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     x_min = calibration_config[CONF_X_MIN]
     x_max = calibration_config[CONF_X_MAX]
     y_min = calibration_config[CONF_Y_MIN]
@@ -60,40 +66,81 @@ def validate_calibration(calibration_config):
     return calibration_config
 
 
-CALIBRATION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_X_MIN): cv.int_range(min=0, max=4095),
-            cv.Required(CONF_X_MAX): cv.int_range(min=0, max=4095),
-            cv.Required(CONF_Y_MIN): cv.int_range(min=0, max=4095),
-            cv.Required(CONF_Y_MAX): cv.int_range(min=0, max=4095),
-        }
-    ),
-    validate_calibration,
-)
+def option_with_default(
+    option: str, defaults: dict, required: bool = False
+) -> vol.Marker:
+    if option in defaults or not required:
+        return cv.Optional(option, default=defaults.get(option, cv.UNDEFINED))
+    return cv.Required(option)
 
 
-def touchscreen_schema(default_touch_timeout=cv.UNDEFINED, calibration_required=False):
-    calibration = (
-        cv.Required(CONF_CALIBRATION)
-        if calibration_required
-        else cv.Optional(CONF_CALIBRATION)
-    )
+_CALIBRATION_KEYS = {CONF_X_MIN, CONF_X_MAX, CONF_Y_MIN, CONF_Y_MAX}
+_TRANSFORM_KEYS = {CONF_SWAP_XY, CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y}
+
+
+def _calibration_schema(defaults: dict, required: bool) -> dict:
+    """
+    Generate Calibration schema. If defaults are provided for all suboptions,
+    the entire calibration config is optional with a populated default value.
+    Otherwise, it's optional or required as specified.
+    """
+    if _CALIBRATION_KEYS.issubset(defaults):
+        key = cv.Optional(
+            CONF_CALIBRATION,
+            default={k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k in _CALIBRATION_KEYS},
+        )
+    elif required:
+        key = cv.Required(CONF_CALIBRATION)
+    else:
+        key = cv.Optional(CONF_CALIBRATION)
+    return {
+        key: cv.All(
+            cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    option_with_default(x, defaults, True): cv.int_range(
+                        min=0, max=4095
+                    )
+                    for x in _CALIBRATION_KEYS
+                }
+            ),
+            validate_calibration,
+        )
+    }
+
+
+def _transform_schema(defaults: dict) -> dict:
+    if _TRANSFORM_KEYS.issubset(defaults):
+        key = cv.Optional(
+            CONF_TRANSFORM,
+            default={k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k in _TRANSFORM_KEYS},
+        )
+    else:
+        key = cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSFORM)
+    return {
+        key: cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(x, default=defaults.get(x, False)): cv.boolean
+                for x in _TRANSFORM_KEYS
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+
+def touchscreen_schema(
+    default_touch_timeout: Any = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    calibration_required: bool = False,
+    defaults: dict | None = None,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    defaults = defaults or {}
     return cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_DISPLAY): cv.use_id(display.Display),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSFORM): cv.Schema(
-                {
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY, default=False): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_MIRROR_X, default=False): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_MIRROR_Y, default=False): cv.boolean,
-                }
-            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TOUCH_TIMEOUT, default=default_touch_timeout): cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                 cv.Range(max=cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=65535)),
             ),
-            calibration: CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+            **_transform_schema(defaults),
+            **_calibration_schema(defaults, calibration_required),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TOUCH): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_UPDATE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RELEASE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
@@ -104,7 +151,7 @@ def touchscreen_schema(default_touch_timeout=cv.UNDEFINED, calibration_required=
 TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA = touchscreen_schema(cv.UNDEFINED)
 
 
-async def register_touchscreen(var, config):
+async def register_touchscreen(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     disp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DISPLAY])
@@ -153,6 +200,6 @@ async def register_touchscreen(var, config):
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(touchscreen_ns.using)
     cg.add_define("USE_TOUCHSCREEN")
diff --git a/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 5ce0defb31..6a66d00ea6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/touchscreen/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, display
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_PAGE_ID, CONF_PAGES
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_TOUCHSCREEN_ID, TouchListener, Touchscreen, touchscreen_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONF_Y_MAX = "y_max"
 CONF_USE_RAW = "use_raw"
 
 
-def _validate_coords(config):
+def _validate_coords(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config[CONF_X_MAX] < config[CONF_X_MIN]
         or config[CONF_Y_MAX] < config[CONF_Y_MIN]
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TOUCHSCREEN_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py
index cd4b88e740..79ee2587d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2561/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -8,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ GAINS = {
 CONF_IS_CS_PACKAGE = "is_cs_package"
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py
index 0df3fa6687..fa202b0cea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2591/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 # Here is the project that started me down the TSL2591 device trail in the first
 # place: https://hackaday.io/project/176690-the-water-watcher
 
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ GAINS = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 081bd17c20..cc3226089d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tt21100/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INDEX
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import tt21100_ns
 from ..touchscreen import TT21100ButtonListener, TT21100Touchscreen
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_TT21100_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 9466dcdaa5..22489df379 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tt21100/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import tt21100_ns
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py
index fa1938723d..9e2a4ad114 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SCL_PIN, CONF_SDO_PIN
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py
index 178ad4f037..99280c82da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_bsf/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_TTP229_ID, TTP229BSFComponent, ttp229_bsf_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TTP229BSFChannel).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py
index 412233a6bd..d32f72fcce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py
index 07f00df4b4..7d11dfcbff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ttp229_lsf/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_TTP229_ID, TTP229LSFComponent, ttp229_lsf_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(TTP229Channel).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_channel(config[CONF_CHANNEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
index 3058d82cc4..15ab4b6dc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
@@ -303,6 +303,22 @@ void Tuya::handle_command_(uint8_t command, uint8_t version, const uint8_t *buff
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "LOCAL_TIME_QUERY is not handled because time is not configured");
       }
       break;
+    case TuyaCommandType::GMT_TIME_QUERY:
+#ifdef USE_TIME
+      if (this->time_id_ != nullptr) {
+        this->send_gmt_time_();
+
+        if (!this->gmt_time_sync_callback_registered_) {
+          // tuya mcu supports time, so we let them know when our time changed
+          this->time_id_->add_on_time_sync_callback([this] { this->send_gmt_time_(); });
+          this->gmt_time_sync_callback_registered_ = true;
+        }
+      } else
+#endif
+      {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "GMT_TIME_QUERY is not handled because time is not configured");
+      }
+      break;
     case TuyaCommandType::VACUUM_MAP_UPLOAD:
       this->send_command_(
           TuyaCommand{.cmd = TuyaCommandType::VACUUM_MAP_UPLOAD, .payload = std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01}});
@@ -609,6 +625,25 @@ void Tuya::send_local_time_() {
   }
   this->send_command_(TuyaCommand{.cmd = TuyaCommandType::LOCAL_TIME_QUERY, .payload = payload});
 }
+void Tuya::send_gmt_time_() {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
+  ESPTime now = this->time_id_->utcnow();
+  if (now.is_valid()) {
+    uint8_t year = now.year - 2000;
+    uint8_t month = now.month;
+    uint8_t day_of_month = now.day_of_month;
+    uint8_t hour = now.hour;
+    uint8_t minute = now.minute;
+    uint8_t second = now.second;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending gmt time");
+    payload = std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01, year, month, day_of_month, hour, minute, second};
+  } else {
+    // By spec we need to notify MCU that the time was not obtained if this is a response to a query
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Sending missing gmt time");
+    payload = std::vector<uint8_t>{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  }
+  this->send_command_(TuyaCommand{.cmd = TuyaCommandType::GMT_TIME_QUERY, .payload = payload});
+}
 #endif
 
 void Tuya::set_raw_datapoint_value(uint8_t datapoint_id, const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h
index 4e7ab5c7f9..b8bf4e0ab1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ enum class TuyaCommandType : uint8_t {
   DATAPOINT_DELIVER = 0x06,
   DATAPOINT_REPORT_ASYNC = 0x07,
   DATAPOINT_QUERY = 0x08,
+  GMT_TIME_QUERY = 0x0C,
   WIFI_TEST = 0x0E,
   LOCAL_TIME_QUERY = 0x1C,
   DATAPOINT_REPORT_SYNC = 0x22,
@@ -138,8 +139,10 @@ class Tuya final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
 #ifdef USE_TIME
   void send_local_time_();
+  void send_gmt_time_();
   time::RealTimeClock *time_id_{nullptr};
   bool time_sync_callback_registered_{false};
+  bool gmt_time_sync_callback_registered_{false};
 #endif
   TuyaInitState init_state_ = TuyaInitState::INIT_HEARTBEAT;
   bool init_failed_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py
index 1bb5ab0706..3a24b8dc0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tx20/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 tx20_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tx20")
 Tx20Component = tx20_ns.class_("Tx20Component", cg.Component)
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 4ea32e26a3..78633bcf6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ import re
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AFTER,
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ IDFUARTComponent = uart_ns.class_("IDFUARTComponent", UARTComponent, cg.Componen
 ESP8266UartComponent = uart_ns.class_(
     "ESP8266UartComponent", UARTComponent, cg.Component
 )
-RP2040UartComponent = uart_ns.class_("RP2040UartComponent", UARTComponent, cg.Component)
+RP2UartComponent = uart_ns.class_("RP2UartComponent", UARTComponent, cg.Component)
 LibreTinyUARTComponent = uart_ns.class_(
     "LibreTinyUARTComponent", UARTComponent, cg.Component
 )
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ HostUartComponent = uart_ns.class_("HostUartComponent", UARTComponent, cg.Compon
 NATIVE_UART_CLASSES = (
     str(IDFUARTComponent),
     str(ESP8266UartComponent),
-    str(RP2040UartComponent),
+    str(RP2UartComponent),
     str(LibreTinyUARTComponent),
 )
 
@@ -157,8 +160,8 @@ def _uart_declare_type(value):
         return cv.declare_id(ESP8266UartComponent)(value)
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.declare_id(IDFUARTComponent)(value)
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
-        return cv.declare_id(RP2040UartComponent)(value)
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
+        return cv.declare_id(RP2UartComponent)(value)
     if CORE.is_libretiny:
         return cv.declare_id(LibreTinyUARTComponent)(value)
     if CORE.is_host:
@@ -521,7 +524,7 @@ async def final_step():
         cg.add_define("USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX")
 
 
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+_platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
         "uart_component_esp_idf.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
@@ -529,7 +532,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
         "uart_component_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
         "uart_component_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
-        "uart_component_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "uart_component_rp2.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
         "uart_component_libretiny.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
@@ -537,3 +540,13 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         },
     }
 )
+
+# uart_debugger.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_UART_DEBUGGER, set only when a
+# debug block is configured.
+_define_filter = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"uart_debugger.cpp": "USE_UART_DEBUGGER"}
+)
+
+
+def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
+    return _platform_filter() + _define_filter()
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/automation.h b/esphome/components/uart/automation.h
index c99caac97b..e5a9fa7c7b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/automation.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UARTWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UARTComponent> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UARTWriteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UARTComponent> {
  public:
   void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
     // Stateless lambdas (generated by ESPHome) implicitly convert to function pointers
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/button/uart_button.h b/esphome/components/uart/button/uart_button.h
index 2b530d3c4b..47f45d4899 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/button/uart_button.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/button/uart_button.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-class UARTButton : public button::Button, public UARTDevice, public Component {
+class UARTButton final : public button::Button, public UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   void set_data(std::vector<uint8_t> &&data) { this->data_ = std::move(data); }
   void set_data(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) { this->data_ = std::vector<uint8_t>(data); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/event/uart_event.h b/esphome/components/uart/event/uart_event.h
index 8a00b5894b..3960ffd5bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/event/uart_event.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/event/uart_event.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-class UARTEvent : public event::Event, public UARTDevice, public Component {
+class UARTEvent final : public event::Event, public UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/packet_transport/uart_transport.h b/esphome/components/uart/packet_transport/uart_transport.h
index 1c92af536e..b1ce8ac590 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/packet_transport/uart_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/packet_transport/uart_transport.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static const uint16_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 508;
 static const uint8_t FLAG_BYTE = 0x7E;
 static const uint8_t CONTROL_BYTE = 0x7D;
 
-class UARTTransport : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public UARTDevice {
+class UARTTransport final : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public UARTDevice {
  public:
   void loop() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/switch/uart_switch.h b/esphome/components/uart/switch/uart_switch.h
index 5730fc9b4b..c924c7d4e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/switch/uart_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/switch/uart_switch.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-class UARTSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public UARTDevice, public Component {
+class UARTSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   void loop() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index afd3ad5777..3e52531791 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class UARTComponent {
    *
    * This will load the current UART interface with the latest settings (baud_rate, parity, etc).
    */
-  virtual void load_settings(bool dump_config){};
+  virtual void load_settings(bool dump_config) = 0;
 
   /**
    * Load the UART settings.
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class UARTComponent {
    *
    * This will load the current UART interface with the latest settings (baud_rate, parity, etc).
    */
-  virtual void load_settings(){};
+  void load_settings() { this->load_settings(true); }
 #endif  // USE_ESP8266 || USE_ESP32
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
index fc1509f737..2f8b4dbd11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.arduino_esp8266";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 bool ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_in_use = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 uint32_t ESP8266UartComponent::get_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
index 7f844d9b65..469885b6b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class ESP8266SoftwareSerial {
   ISRInternalGPIOPin rx_pin_;
 };
 
-class ESP8266UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
+class ESP8266UartComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class ESP8266UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
    * This will load the current UART interface with the latest settings (baud_rate, parity, etc).
    */
   void load_settings(bool dump_config) override;
-  void load_settings() override { this->load_settings(true); }
+  using UARTComponent::load_settings;  // also bring in the no-arg overload for convenience
 
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 93e43e0372..bbeb86bcdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.idf";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 /// Check if a pin number matches one of the default UART0 GPIO pins.
 /// These pins may have residual IOMUX state from the ROM bootloader that
@@ -393,5 +393,16 @@ void IRAM_ATTR IDFUARTComponent::uart_rx_isr_callback(uart_port_t uart_num, uart
 }
 #endif  // USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 
+void IDFUARTComponent::on_shutdown() {
+  if (this->uart_num_ == UART_NUM_MAX || !uart_is_driver_installed(this->uart_num_))
+    return;
+  uart_wait_tx_done(this->uart_num_, pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+  // Keep the peripheral quiet across a soft reset so ROM output does not reach the attached device (#15472)
+  esp_err_t err = uart_driver_delete(this->uart_num_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_driver_delete failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index ec4f2884b2..a761d80f04 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 /// Thread safety: All public methods must only be called from the main loop.
 /// The ESP-IDF UART driver API does not guarantee thread safety, and ESPHome's
 /// peek byte state (has_peek_/peek_byte_) is not synchronized.
-class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
+class IDFUARTComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -50,11 +50,13 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
    * This will load the current UART interface with the latest settings (baud_rate, parity, etc).
    */
   void load_settings(bool dump_config) override;
-  void load_settings() override { this->load_settings(true); }
+  using UARTComponent::load_settings;  // also bring in the no-arg overload for convenience
+
+  void on_shutdown() override;
 
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
-  uart_port_t uart_num_;
+  uart_port_t uart_num_{UART_NUM_MAX};
   uart_config_t get_config_();
 
   bool has_peek_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
index 5bb7a49726..63b5631564 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ speed_t get_baud(int baud) {
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.host";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 HostUartComponent::~HostUartComponent() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ != -1) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
index a47e5649be..bca62debf1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-class HostUartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
+class HostUartComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   virtual ~HostUartComponent();
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
index 4172e7c164..4eacd980db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.lt";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
-static const char *UART_TYPE[] = {
+static const char *const UART_TYPE[] = {
     "hardware",
     "software",
 };
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ uint16_t LibreTinyUARTComponent::get_config() {
 }
 
 void LibreTinyUARTComponent::setup() {
-  int8_t tx_pin = tx_pin_ == nullptr ? -1 : tx_pin_->get_pin();
-  int8_t rx_pin = rx_pin_ == nullptr ? -1 : rx_pin_->get_pin();
-  bool tx_inverted = tx_pin_ != nullptr && tx_pin_->is_inverted();
-  bool rx_inverted = rx_pin_ != nullptr && rx_pin_->is_inverted();
+  int16_t tx_pin = tx_pin_ == nullptr ? -1 : tx_pin_->get_pin();
+  int16_t rx_pin = rx_pin_ == nullptr ? -1 : rx_pin_->get_pin();
 
-  auto shouldFallbackToSoftwareSerial = [&]() -> bool {
-    auto hasFlags = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin, const gpio::Flags mask) -> bool {
+  auto should_fallback_to_software_serial = [&]() -> bool {
+    auto has_flags = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin, const gpio::Flags mask) -> bool {
       return pin && (pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE;
     };
-    if (hasFlags(this->tx_pin_, gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN) ||
-        hasFlags(this->rx_pin_, gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN)) {
+    if (has_flags(this->tx_pin_,
+                  gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN) ||
+        has_flags(this->rx_pin_,
+                  gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN)) {
 #if LT_ARD_HAS_SOFTSERIAL
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Pins has flags set. Using Software Serial");
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Pins have flags set. Using Software Serial");
       return true;
 #else
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Pin flags are set but not supported for hardware serial. Ignoring");
@@ -66,25 +66,26 @@ void LibreTinyUARTComponent::setup() {
     return false;
   };
 
-  if (false)
+  if (false) {  // NOLINT(readability-simplify-boolean-expr)
     return;
+  }
 #if LT_HW_UART0
   else if ((tx_pin == -1 || tx_pin == PIN_SERIAL0_TX) && (rx_pin == -1 || rx_pin == PIN_SERIAL0_RX) &&
-           !shouldFallbackToSoftwareSerial()) {
+           !should_fallback_to_software_serial()) {
     this->serial_ = &Serial0;
     this->hardware_idx_ = 0;
   }
 #endif
 #if LT_HW_UART1
   else if ((tx_pin == -1 || tx_pin == PIN_SERIAL1_TX) && (rx_pin == -1 || rx_pin == PIN_SERIAL1_RX) &&
-           !shouldFallbackToSoftwareSerial()) {
+           !should_fallback_to_software_serial()) {
     this->serial_ = &Serial1;
     this->hardware_idx_ = 1;
   }
 #endif
 #if LT_HW_UART2
   else if ((tx_pin == -1 || tx_pin == PIN_SERIAL2_TX) && (rx_pin == -1 || rx_pin == PIN_SERIAL2_RX) &&
-           !shouldFallbackToSoftwareSerial()) {
+           !should_fallback_to_software_serial()) {
     this->serial_ = &Serial2;
     this->hardware_idx_ = 2;
   }
@@ -97,6 +98,8 @@ void LibreTinyUARTComponent::setup() {
     if (this->tx_pin_ && this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
       this->tx_pin_->setup();
     }
+    bool tx_inverted = tx_pin_ != nullptr && tx_pin_->is_inverted();
+    bool rx_inverted = rx_pin_ != nullptr && rx_pin_->is_inverted();
     this->serial_ = new SoftwareSerial(rx_pin, tx_pin, rx_inverted || tx_inverted);
 #else
     this->serial_ = &Serial;
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ void LibreTinyUARTComponent::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  RX Buffer Size: %u", this->rx_buffer_size_);
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "  Baud Rate: %u baud\n"
+                "  Baud Rate: %" PRIu32 " baud\n"
                 "  Data Bits: %u\n"
                 "  Parity: %s\n"
                 "  Stop bits: %u",
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
index 872ea86601..aa13a01392 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-class LibreTinyUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
+class LibreTinyUARTComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp
similarity index 91%
rename from esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp
index 1aaf98dc84..ffb9bc0f2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-#include "uart_component_rp2040.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+#include "uart_component_rp2.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "uart.arduino_rp2040";
+static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
-uint16_t RP2040UartComponent::get_config() {
+uint16_t RP2UartComponent::get_config() {
   uint16_t config = 0;
 
   if (this->parity_ == UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE) {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ uint16_t RP2040UartComponent::get_config() {
   return config;
 }
 
-void RP2040UartComponent::setup() {
+void RP2UartComponent::setup() {
   auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
     if (!pin) {
       return;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ void RP2040UartComponent::setup() {
   }
 }
 
-void RP2040UartComponent::dump_config() {
+void RP2UartComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "UART Bus:");
   LOG_PIN("  TX Pin: ", tx_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  RX Pin: ", rx_pin_);
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ void RP2040UartComponent::dump_config() {
   }
 }
 
-void RP2040UartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+void RP2UartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   this->serial_->write(data, len);
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ void RP2040UartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   }
 #endif
 }
-bool RP2040UartComponent::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
+bool RP2UartComponent::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
   if (!this->check_read_timeout_())
     return false;
   *data = this->serial_->peek();
   return true;
 }
-bool RP2040UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+bool RP2UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->check_read_timeout_(len))
     return false;
   this->serial_->readBytes(data, len);
@@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ bool RP2040UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 #endif
   return true;
 }
-size_t RP2040UartComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
-UARTFlushResult RP2040UartComponent::flush() {
+size_t RP2UartComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
+UARTFlushResult RP2UartComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
   return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.h
similarity index 89%
rename from esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
rename to esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.h
index 198c698af9..734bc6022e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include <SerialPIO.h>
 #include <SerialUART.h>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
-class RP2040UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
+class RP2UartComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ class RP2040UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
index da33bea70c..b69dcf0676 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 /// 'appropriate time' means exactly, is determined by a number of
 /// configurable constraints. E.g. when a given number of bytes is gathered
 /// and/or when no more data has been seen for a given time interval.
-class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector<uint8_t>, StringRef> {
+class UARTDebugger final : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector<uint8_t>, StringRef> {
  public:
   explicit UARTDebugger(UARTComponent *parent);
   void loop() override;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector
 /// debugger is used to reverse engineer a serial protocol, for which no
 /// specific UARTDevice implementation exists (yet), but for which the
 /// incoming bytes must be read to drive the debugger.
-class UARTDummyReceiver : public Component, public UARTDevice {
+class UARTDummyReceiver final : public Component, public UARTDevice {
  public:
   UARTDummyReceiver(UARTComponent *parent) : UARTDevice(parent) {}
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
index 5dfd188f0f..a782d875b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, NoReturn
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Trigger
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_PORT, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -45,8 +48,8 @@ UDP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def is_relocated(option):
-    def validator(value):
+def is_relocated(option: str) -> Callable[[Any], NoReturn]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> NoReturn:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The '{option}' option should now be configured in the 'packet_transport' component"
         )
@@ -109,13 +112,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def register_udp_client(var, config):
+async def register_udp_client(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     udp_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UDP_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(udp_var))
     return udp_var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_UDP")
     cg.add_global(udp_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_should_listen())
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list[int]:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -171,7 +174,12 @@ def validate_raw_data(value):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def udp_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def udp_write_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     udp_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, udp_var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/automation.h b/esphome/components/udp/automation.h
index c37b82921e..9b3ba7e0dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/automation.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::udp {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UDPWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UDPComponent> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UDPWriteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UDPComponent> {
  public:
   void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
     this->data_.func = func;
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
index b6957a372b..f2c15289a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.api import CONF_ENCRYPTION
 from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
     CONF_PING_PONG_ENABLE,
     PacketTransport,
     new_packet_transport,
     transport_schema,
 )
-from esphome.const import CONF_BINARY_SENSORS, CONF_SENSORS
+from esphome.const import CONF_BINARY_SENSORS, CONF_ENCRYPTION, CONF_SENSORS
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import UDP_SCHEMA, register_udp_client, udp_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ UDPTransport = udp_ns.class_("UDPTransport", PacketTransport, PollingComponent)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(UDPTransport).extend(UDP_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, providers = await new_packet_transport(config)
     udp_var = await register_udp_client(var, config)
     if CONF_ENCRYPTION in config or providers:
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/udp_transport.h b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/udp_transport.h
index 8621ddca48..e91a3e2a5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/udp_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/udp_transport.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::udp {
 
-class UDPTransport : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public Parented<UDPComponent> {
+class UDPTransport final : public packet_transport::PacketTransport, public Parented<UDPComponent> {
  public:
   void setup() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.h b/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.h
index fb0edf2ebd..274e0119ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/udp_component.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 namespace esphome::udp {
 
 static const size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 508;
-class UDPComponent : public Component {
+class UDPComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   void set_addresses(std::initializer_list<const char *> addresses) { this->addresses_ = addresses; }
   /// Prevent accidental use of std::string which would dangle
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
index 1d8775ccf0..9d989ad4e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_MILLISIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_temperature_compensation(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE_COMPENSATION]))
@@ -99,7 +102,12 @@ UFIRE_EC_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     UFIRE_EC_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ec_calibrate_probe_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ec_calibrate_probe_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     solution_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SOLUTION], args, cg.float_)
@@ -122,6 +130,11 @@ UFIRE_EC_RESET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     UFIRE_EC_RESET_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ec_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ec_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h
index fce6258632..0928fda9ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static const uint8_t COMMAND_CALIBRATE_PROBE = 20;
 static const uint8_t COMMAND_MEASURE_TEMP = 40;
 static const uint8_t COMMAND_MEASURE_EC = 80;
 
-class UFireECComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class UFireECComponent final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class UFireECComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   float temperature_coefficient_{0.0};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UFireECCalibrateProbeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UFireECCalibrateProbeAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   UFireECCalibrateProbeAction(UFireECComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, solution)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UFireECCalibrateProbeAction : public Action<Ts...
   UFireECComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UFireECResetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UFireECResetAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   UFireECResetAction(UFireECComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
index 23254b2f47..c7e3b6f28d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PH,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -93,7 +96,12 @@ UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SOLUTION], args, cg.float_)
@@ -107,7 +115,12 @@ async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
     UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_high_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_high_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SOLUTION], args, cg.float_)
@@ -124,6 +137,11 @@ UFIRE_ISE_RESET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(UFireISEComponent
     UFIRE_ISE_RESET_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ufire_ise_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ufire_ise_reset_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.h b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.h
index bff8eeff9d..85916f227e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static const uint8_t COMMAND_CALIBRATE_LOW = 10;
 static const uint8_t COMMAND_MEASURE_TEMP = 40;
 static const uint8_t COMMAND_MEASURE_MV = 80;
 
-class UFireISEComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class UFireISEComponent final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class UFireISEComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   sensor::Sensor *ph_sensor_{nullptr};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UFireISECalibrateProbeLowAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UFireISECalibrateProbeLowAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   UFireISECalibrateProbeLowAction(UFireISEComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, solution)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UFireISECalibrateProbeLowAction : public Action<T
   UFireISEComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UFireISECalibrateProbeHighAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UFireISECalibrateProbeHighAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   UFireISECalibrateProbeHighAction(UFireISEComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, solution)
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UFireISECalibrateProbeHighAction : public Action<
   UFireISEComponent *parent_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UFireISEResetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UFireISEResetAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   UFireISEResetAction(UFireISEComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py
index 51cf3cfd91..ca0ea57796 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ljungqvist"]
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py
index 92ae585d96..59583357e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_UFM01_ID, UFM01Component
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ufm01_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UFM01_ID])
 
     if ufc_chip_error_config := config.get(CONF_UFC_CHIP_ERROR):
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py
index 4dcd7ceebe..e3281f0b2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CUBIC_METER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_LITRE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_UFM01_ID, UFM01Component
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ufm01_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UFM01_ID])
 
     if CONF_ACCUMULATED_FLOW in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp
index 1380c34284..bafdb5d853 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.cpp
@@ -4,13 +4,23 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome::ufm01 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ufm01";
 
 static constexpr uint8_t COMMAND_ACK = 0xE5;
-static constexpr uint32_t COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
+static constexpr uint32_t COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+static constexpr uint32_t STARTUP_DELAY_MS = 2000;
+static constexpr uint32_t POST_RESET_DELAY_MS = 2000;
+static constexpr uint32_t RESET_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 800;
+static constexpr uint32_t STARTUP_RETRY_MS = 3000;
+static constexpr uint32_t PASSIVE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t ACTIVE_STALE_MS = 5000;
+static constexpr uint32_t PASSIVE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t ACTIVE_FRAME_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;
 
 static constexpr float L_PER_M3 = 1000.0f;
 static constexpr float M3_PER_L = 1.0f / L_PER_M3;
@@ -18,12 +28,14 @@ static constexpr float M3_PER_L = 1.0f / L_PER_M3;
 static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> ACTIVE_MODE = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5C, 0x00, 0x5C, 0x16};
 static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> CLEAR_ACCUMULATED_FLOW = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5A, 0xFD, 0x57, 0x16};
 static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> RESET_DEVICE = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5D, 0xCB, 0x28, 0x16};
+static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 7> READ_SENSOR_DATA_NO_ID = {0xFE, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x5B, 0x0F, 0x6A, 0x16};
 
 // Active-mode frame layout (datasheet Table 7)
 static constexpr size_t FRAME_CHECKSUM_INDEX = 30;
 static constexpr size_t FRAME_STOP_INDEX = 31;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_1 = 0x3C;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_2 = 0x32;
+static constexpr uint8_t PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2 = 0x64;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_STOP_BYTE = 0x16;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_INDEX_INSTANT_FLOW_FLAG = 15;
 static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_INDEX_RESERVED_SECTION = 21;
@@ -55,7 +67,7 @@ static bool check_byte(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE], size_t index, uint8_t exp
   return false;
 }
 
-static bool validate_data(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static bool validate_active_frame(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   uint8_t sum = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < FRAME_CHECKSUM_INDEX; ++i)
     sum += data[i];
@@ -68,13 +80,43 @@ static bool validate_data(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
          check_byte(data, FRAME_STOP_INDEX, FRAME_STOP_BYTE, "stop byte");
 }
 
-static float read_accumulated_flow(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static bool validate_passive_frame(const uint8_t data[PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE]) {
+  if (data[0] != FRAME_START_BYTE_1 || data[1] != PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2 || data[22] != FRAME_STOP_BYTE)
+    return false;
+  uint8_t sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 21; ++i)
+    sum += data[i];
+  return data[21] == (sum & 0xFF);
+}
+
+static void passive_no_id_to_active_frame(const uint8_t passive[PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE], uint8_t active[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+  std::memset(active, 0, FRAME_SIZE);
+  active[0] = FRAME_START_BYTE_1;
+  active[1] = FRAME_START_BYTE_2;
+  active[7] = 0x01;
+  active[8] = passive[2];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
+    active[9 + i] = passive[3 + i];
+  active[15] = passive[9];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+    active[16 + i] = passive[10 + i];
+  active[21] = FRAME_FLAG_RESERVED_SECTION;
+  active[24] = passive[15];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    active[25 + i] = passive[16 + i];
+  active[28] = passive[19];
+  active[29] = passive[20];
+  active[30] = passive[21];
+  active[31] = FRAME_STOP_BYTE;
+}
+
+static float read_accumulated_flow(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   return (data[FRAME_ACC_FLOW_FLAG_INDEX] == ACC_FLOW_M3_FLAG ? L_PER_M3 : 1.0f) *
          (to_float(data[14]) * 10000000.0f + to_float(data[13]) * 100000.0f + to_float(data[12]) * 1000.0f +
           to_float(data[11]) * 10.0f + to_float(data[10]) * 0.1f + to_float(data[9]) * 0.001f);
 }
 
-static float read_flow(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static float read_flow(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   return (data[FRAME_FLOW_SIGN_INDEX] == FLOW_NEGATIVE_SIGN ? -1.0f : 1.0f) *
          (to_float(data[19]) * 10000.0f + to_float(data[18]) * 100.0f + to_float(data[17]) +
           to_float(data[16]) * 0.01f) *
@@ -86,7 +128,7 @@ static void log_hex(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len, ' '));
 }
 
-static float read_temperature(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+static float read_temperature(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   // happens sometimes before getting a real reading
   if (data[27] == 0x00 && (data[26] == 0x00 || data[26] == 0x70) && data[25] == 0x00) {
     return NAN;
@@ -106,19 +148,39 @@ static bool read_flow_rate_out_of_range(const uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   return data[FRAME_ST2_INDEX] & ST2_FLOW_RATE_OUT_OF_RANGE_MASK;
 }
 
-bool UFM01Component::send_command_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command) {
+void UFM01Component::flush_rx_() {
+  while (this->available()) {
+    uint8_t byte;
+    this->read_byte(&byte);
+  }
+  this->read_index_ = 0;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::send_command_no_wait_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command) {
+  this->flush_rx_();
   this->write_array(command);
   this->flush();
+}
+
+// Drains whatever is currently in the RX buffer, looking for a command ACK.
+bool UFM01Component::consume_ack_() {
+  while (this->available()) {
+    uint8_t byte;
+    if (!this->read_byte(&byte))
+      return false;
+    if (byte == COMMAND_ACK)
+      return true;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unexpected byte while waiting for command ACK: 0x%02X", byte);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool UFM01Component::send_command_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command) {
+  this->send_command_no_wait_(command);
   const uint32_t start = millis();
   while (millis() - start < COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-    if (this->available()) {
-      uint8_t byte;
-      if (this->read_byte(&byte)) {
-        if (byte == COMMAND_ACK)
-          return true;
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unexpected byte while waiting for command ACK: 0x%02X", byte);
-      }
-    }
+    if (this->consume_ack_())
+      return true;
     delay(1);
   }
   return false;
@@ -130,14 +192,12 @@ bool UFM01Component::clear_accumulated_flow_() { return this->send_command_(CLEA
 
 bool UFM01Component::set_active_mode_() { return this->send_command_(ACTIVE_MODE); }
 
-float UFM01Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
+float UFM01Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::LATE; }
 
 void UFM01Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Setting up UFM-01...");
-  if (!this->set_active_mode_()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to set active mode (no ACK from device)");
-    this->mark_failed();
-  }
+  this->startup_wait_ms_ = STARTUP_DELAY_MS;
+  this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::WAIT);
 }
 
 void UFM01Component::dump_config() {
@@ -154,12 +214,9 @@ void UFM01Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Flow Rate Out Of Range", this->flow_rate_out_of_range_binary_sensor_);
 #endif
   this->check_uart_settings(2400, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN, 8);
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Setup failed: active mode not acknowledged by device");
-  }
 }
 
-void UFM01Component::on_data_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
+void UFM01Component::on_active_frame_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
   bool empty_tube = read_empty_tube(data);
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   if (this->ufc_chip_error_binary_sensor_ != nullptr)
@@ -189,10 +246,14 @@ void UFM01Component::on_data_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]) {
       this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(read_temperature(data));
   }
 #endif
+  this->last_valid_frame_ms_ = millis();
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  this->status_clear_error();
 }
 
-void UFM01Component::loop() {
-  // Drain the UART buffer each loop, reading one byte at a time into the frame
+bool UFM01Component::process_active_stream_() {
+  bool got_valid_frame = false;
+
   while (this->available()) {
     if (!this->read_byte(&this->data_[this->read_index_])) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "unable to read byte");
@@ -201,23 +262,22 @@ void UFM01Component::loop() {
     }
     if ((this->read_index_ == 0 && this->data_[0] != FRAME_START_BYTE_1) ||
         (this->read_index_ == 1 && this->data_[1] != FRAME_START_BYTE_2)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "not start of data at %d (is 0x%02X)", this->read_index_, this->data_[this->read_index_]);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "not start of data at %d (is 0x%02X)", this->read_index_, this->data_[this->read_index_]);
       this->read_index_ = 0;
       continue;
     }
     if (++this->read_index_ < static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_SIZE))
       continue;
 
-    // Full frame received
-    if (validate_data(this->data_)) {
-      this->on_data_(this->data_);
+    if (validate_active_frame(this->data_)) {
+      this->on_active_frame_(this->data_);
       this->read_index_ = 0;
+      got_valid_frame = true;
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Invalid frame: try to resync on the next start marker within the buffer
     log_hex(this->data_, sizeof(this->data_));
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "unable to read data");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "unable to read data");
     for (int32_t i = 2;
          i < static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_STOP_INDEX) && this->read_index_ == static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_SIZE); ++i) {
       if ((this->data_[i] == FRAME_START_BYTE_1) && (this->data_[i + 1] == FRAME_START_BYTE_2)) {
@@ -229,6 +289,190 @@ void UFM01Component::loop() {
     if (this->read_index_ == static_cast<int32_t>(FRAME_SIZE))
       this->read_index_ = 0;
   }
+
+  return got_valid_frame;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase phase) {
+  this->startup_phase_ = phase;
+  this->phase_start_ms_ = millis();
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::enter_active_stream_(const char *reason) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "UFM-01 active stream %s", reason);
+  this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::ACTIVE_STREAM;
+  this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::start_passive_read_() {
+  this->send_command_no_wait_(READ_SENSOR_DATA_NO_ID);
+  this->passive_index_ = 0;
+  this->passive_start_ms_ = millis();
+}
+
+// Accumulates the reply to a passive read request across loop iterations.
+PassiveReadResult UFM01Component::continue_passive_read_() {
+  while (this->available() && this->passive_index_ < PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE) {
+    uint8_t byte;
+    if (!this->read_byte(&byte))
+      break;
+
+    if (this->passive_index_ == 0 && byte != FRAME_START_BYTE_1)
+      continue;
+    if (this->passive_index_ == 1 && byte != PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2) {
+      // The mismatched byte may itself be the start of the real frame
+      this->passive_index_ = (byte == FRAME_START_BYTE_1) ? 1 : 0;
+      continue;
+    }
+    this->passive_frame_[this->passive_index_++] = byte;
+  }
+
+  if (this->passive_index_ < PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE) {
+    if (millis() - this->passive_start_ms_ < PASSIVE_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)
+      return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "passive read timeout (%zu/%zu bytes)", this->passive_index_, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+    return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if (!validate_passive_frame(this->passive_frame_)) {
+    log_hex(this->passive_frame_, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "invalid passive frame");
+    return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t active_frame[FRAME_SIZE];
+  passive_no_id_to_active_frame(this->passive_frame_, active_frame);
+  this->on_active_frame_(active_frame);
+  return PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop_startup_() {
+  const uint32_t elapsed = millis() - this->phase_start_ms_;
+
+  switch (this->startup_phase_) {
+    case StartupPhase::WAIT:
+      // Pick up an already-streaming device without resetting it
+      if (this->process_active_stream_()) {
+        this->enter_active_stream_("started");
+        return;
+      }
+      if (elapsed < this->startup_wait_ms_)
+        return;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Running startup sequence");
+      this->status_set_warning("initializing UFM-01");
+      this->reset_retried_ = false;
+      this->send_command_no_wait_(RESET_DEVICE);
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::RESET_WAIT_ACK);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::RESET_WAIT_ACK:
+      if (this->consume_ack_()) {
+        this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::POST_RESET_WAIT);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (elapsed < COMMAND_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        return;
+      if (!this->reset_retried_) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reset not acknowledged, retrying in %" PRIu32 " ms", RESET_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+        this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::RESET_RETRY_WAIT);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reset failed during startup");
+        this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::POST_RESET_WAIT);
+      }
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::RESET_RETRY_WAIT:
+      if (elapsed < RESET_RETRY_DELAY_MS)
+        return;
+      this->reset_retried_ = true;
+      this->send_command_no_wait_(RESET_DEVICE);
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::RESET_WAIT_ACK);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::POST_RESET_WAIT:
+      if (elapsed < POST_RESET_DELAY_MS)
+        return;
+      this->send_command_no_wait_(ACTIVE_MODE);
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::ACTIVE_WAIT_FRAME);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::ACTIVE_WAIT_FRAME:
+      // The command ACK (0xE5) is consumed by the frame parser as noise
+      if (this->process_active_stream_()) {
+        this->enter_active_stream_("started");
+        return;
+      }
+      if (elapsed < ACTIVE_FRAME_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        return;
+      this->start_passive_read_();
+      this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::PASSIVE_WAIT_REPLY);
+      return;
+
+    case StartupPhase::PASSIVE_WAIT_REPLY:
+      switch (this->continue_passive_read_()) {
+        case PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING:
+          return;
+        case PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS:
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "UFM-01 using passive polling");
+          this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::PASSIVE_POLL;
+          this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+          this->last_poll_ms_ = millis();
+          return;
+        case PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE:
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Startup failed, retrying in %" PRIu32 " ms", STARTUP_RETRY_MS);
+          this->startup_wait_ms_ = STARTUP_RETRY_MS;
+          this->set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase::WAIT);
+          return;
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop_active_stream_() {
+  this->process_active_stream_();
+  if (this->last_valid_frame_ms_ != 0 && millis() - this->last_valid_frame_ms_ > ACTIVE_STALE_MS) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Active stream stale, switching to passive polling");
+    this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::PASSIVE_POLL;
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+    this->last_poll_ms_ = 0;
+    this->status_set_warning("UFM-01 passive poll");
+  }
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop_passive_poll_() {
+  if (this->passive_read_pending_) {
+    const PassiveReadResult result = this->continue_passive_read_();
+    if (result == PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING)
+      return;
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+    if (result == PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE)
+      this->status_set_warning("UFM-01 passive poll failed");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->process_active_stream_()) {
+    this->enter_active_stream_("resumed");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (millis() - this->last_poll_ms_ >= PASSIVE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS) {
+    this->last_poll_ms_ = millis();
+    this->start_passive_read_();
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void UFM01Component::loop() {
+  switch (this->operating_mode_) {
+    case OperatingMode::STARTUP:
+      this->loop_startup_();
+      return;
+    case OperatingMode::ACTIVE_STREAM:
+      this->loop_active_stream_();
+      return;
+    case OperatingMode::PASSIVE_POLL:
+      this->loop_passive_poll_();
+      return;
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ufm01
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h
index e759de9169..0a39dcc9af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h
@@ -11,12 +11,39 @@
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 
 #include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 // component API definition at https://www.sciosense.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/UFM-01-Datasheet-1.pdf
 
 namespace esphome::ufm01 {
 
+namespace testing {
+class TestableUFM01;
+}  // namespace testing
+
 static constexpr size_t FRAME_SIZE = 32;
+static constexpr size_t PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE = 23;
+
+enum class OperatingMode : uint8_t {
+  STARTUP = 0,
+  ACTIVE_STREAM = 1,
+  PASSIVE_POLL = 2,
+};
+
+enum class StartupPhase : uint8_t {
+  WAIT = 0,
+  RESET_WAIT_ACK = 1,
+  RESET_RETRY_WAIT = 2,
+  POST_RESET_WAIT = 3,
+  ACTIVE_WAIT_FRAME = 4,
+  PASSIVE_WAIT_REPLY = 5,
+};
+
+enum class PassiveReadResult : uint8_t {
+  PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING = 0,
+  PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS = 1,
+  PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE = 2,
+};
 
 class UFM01Component : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -48,10 +75,37 @@ class UFM01Component : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 
  private:
   bool send_command_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command);
+  void send_command_no_wait_(const std::array<uint8_t, 7> &command);
+  bool consume_ack_();
+  void flush_rx_();
+  bool process_active_stream_();
+  void on_active_frame_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]);
+
+  void loop_startup_();
+  void loop_active_stream_();
+  void loop_passive_poll_();
+  void set_startup_phase_(StartupPhase phase);
+  void enter_active_stream_(const char *reason);
+  void start_passive_read_();
+  PassiveReadResult continue_passive_read_();
+
+  OperatingMode operating_mode_{OperatingMode::STARTUP};
+  StartupPhase startup_phase_{StartupPhase::WAIT};
+  uint32_t phase_start_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t startup_wait_ms_{0};
+  bool reset_retried_{false};
+  uint32_t last_valid_frame_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t last_poll_ms_{0};
+
+  bool passive_read_pending_{false};
+  uint32_t passive_start_ms_{0};
+  size_t passive_index_{0};
+  uint8_t passive_frame_[PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE];
 
   int32_t read_index_ = 0;
   uint8_t data_[FRAME_SIZE];
-  void on_data_(uint8_t data[FRAME_SIZE]);
+
+  friend class testing::TestableUFM01;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ufm01
diff --git a/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py b/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py
index b57d7ffb92..03fd254d17 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uln2003/stepper.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SLEEP_WHEN_DONE,
     CONF_STEP_MODE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 uln2003_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uln2003")
 ULN2003StepMode = uln2003_ns.enum("ULN2003StepMode")
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = stepper.STEPPER_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await stepper.register_stepper(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uln2003/uln2003.h b/esphome/components/uln2003/uln2003.h
index 70f55f72bf..1b1a16f95e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uln2003/uln2003.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uln2003/uln2003.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ enum ULN2003StepMode {
   ULN2003_STEP_MODE_WAVE_DRIVE,
 };
 
-class ULN2003 : public stepper::Stepper, public Component {
+class ULN2003 final : public stepper::Stepper, public Component {
  public:
   void set_pin_a(GPIOPin *pin_a) { pin_a_ = pin_a; }
   void set_pin_b(GPIOPin *pin_b) { pin_b_ = pin_b; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py
index fad4e6b11d..25973447f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
index 7d333a1b24..ea8fcbf72e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ struct UltrasonicSensorStore {
   volatile bool echo_end{false};
 };
 
-class UltrasonicSensorComponent : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
+class UltrasonicSensorComponent final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
   void set_trigger_pin(InternalGPIOPin *trigger_pin) { this->trigger_pin_ = trigger_pin; }
   void set_echo_pin(InternalGPIOPin *echo_pin) { this->echo_pin_ = echo_pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
index ddb471be18..5ebe58881d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_FIRMWARE,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -54,7 +55,9 @@ _UPDATE_SCHEMA = (
     .extend(
         {
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTUpdateComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_UPDATE_AVAILABLE): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
             ),
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ def update_schema(
 
 
 @setup_entity("update")
-async def setup_update_core_(var, config):
+async def setup_update_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     setup_device_class(config)
 
     if on_update_available := config.get(CONF_ON_UPDATE_AVAILABLE):
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ async def setup_update_core_(var, config):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
 
-async def register_update(var, config):
+async def register_update(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     queue_entity_register("update", config)
@@ -119,14 +122,14 @@ async def register_update(var, config):
     await setup_update_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def new_update(config):
+async def new_update(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await register_update(var, config)
     return var
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(update_ns.using)
 
 
@@ -136,12 +139,19 @@ async def to_code(config):
     automation.maybe_simple_id(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(UpdateEntity),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_UPDATE, default=False): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_FORCE_UPDATE, default=False, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def update_perform_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def update_perform_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
 
@@ -160,7 +170,12 @@ async def update_perform_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def update_check_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def update_check_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -176,8 +191,11 @@ async def update_check_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     ),
 )
 async def update_is_available_condition_to_code(
-    config, condition_id, template_arg, args
-):
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/update/automation.h b/esphome/components/update/automation.h
index 821151f67c..8ba7b71a9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/update/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/update/automation.h
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@
 
 namespace esphome::update {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class PerformAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UpdateEntity> {
+template<typename... Ts> class PerformAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UpdateEntity> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, force)
 
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->perform(this->force_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class CheckAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UpdateEntity> {
+template<typename... Ts> class CheckAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UpdateEntity> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->check(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsAvailableCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<UpdateEntity> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsAvailableCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<UpdateEntity> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE; }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py
index 9588b0df7f..093408e868 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_TIME_ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kroimon"]
 
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(uponor_smatrix_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(var.set_time_device_address(time_device_address))
 
 
-async def register_uponor_smatrix_device(var, config):
+async def register_uponor_smatrix_device(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UPONOR_SMATRIX_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py
index 47495fde9a..e80f59df24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate.climate_schema(UponorSmatrixClimate).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_uponor_smatrix_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.h b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.h
index 4cc5a4a3bc..4755655747 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uponor_smatrix {
 
-class UponorSmatrixClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component, public UponorSmatrixDevice {
+class UponorSmatrixClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component, public UponorSmatrixDevice {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py
index f2b34538ba..52e755f005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA,
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 ).extend(UPONOR_SMATRIX_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await register_uponor_smatrix_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/uponor_smatrix_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/uponor_smatrix_sensor.h
index 346fe1e3d6..b507642fce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/uponor_smatrix_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/sensor/uponor_smatrix_sensor.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uponor_smatrix {
 
-class UponorSmatrixSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public UponorSmatrixDevice {
+class UponorSmatrixSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public UponorSmatrixDevice {
   SUB_SENSOR(temperature)
   SUB_SENSOR(external_temperature)
   SUB_SENSOR(humidity)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h
index e9e772feab..8476c6bac2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ struct UponorSmatrixData {
 
 class UponorSmatrixDevice;
 
-class UponorSmatrixComponent : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
+class UponorSmatrixComponent final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   UponorSmatrixComponent() = default;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py
index e2a7aee1a2..a13d6cd7fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, time
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
     UNIT_SECOND,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 uptime_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uptime")
 UptimeSecondsSensor = uptime_ns.class_(
@@ -53,9 +55,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     if time_id_config := config.get(CONF_TIME_ID):
         time_id = await cg.get_variable(time_id_config)
         cg.add(var.set_time(time_id))
+        cg.add_define("USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP")
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp": "USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h
index 1b80a4480a..b0b12954b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uptime {
 
-class UptimeSecondsSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
+class UptimeSecondsSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
   void update() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
index 4e0f06be1c..e8b8a21562 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "uptime_timestamp_sensor.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME
+#ifdef USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ void UptimeTimestampSensor::dump_config() {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uptime
 
-#endif  // USE_TIME
+#endif  // USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
index 912c0b7655..c0e00a14fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME
+#ifdef USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
 
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uptime {
 
-class UptimeTimestampSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
+class UptimeTimestampSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ class UptimeTimestampSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uptime
 
-#endif  // USE_TIME
+#endif  // USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 6b91b526c0..ed6a99c405 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ICON_TIMER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 uptime_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uptime")
 UptimeTextSensor = uptime_ns.class_(
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     format = config[CONF_FORMAT]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h
index a97ba332bb..0bdc7fe404 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uptime {
 
-class UptimeTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingComponent {
+class UptimeTextSensor final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
   UptimeTextSensor(const char *days_text, const char *hours_text, const char *minutes_text, const char *seconds_text,
                    const char *separator, bool expand)
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
index 10692fd436..d8eb91586a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 #include "freertos/ringbuf.h"
 #include "tinyusb_cdc_acm.h"
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ struct CDCEvent {
 class USBCDCACMComponent;
 
 /// Represents a single CDC ACM interface instance
-class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMComponent> {
+class USBCDCACMInstance final : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMComponent> {
  public:
   void setup();
   void loop();
@@ -84,16 +85,38 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMC
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
   uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  // No-op: in CDC ACM device mode the host dictates the line coding, so there are no
+  // local UART settings to (re)apply.
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {}
+  using UARTComponent::load_settings;  // also bring in the no-arg overload for convenience
+#endif
 
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
 
   // Process queued events and invoke callbacks (called from main loop)
   void process_events_();
+  // True while TX bytes are still in the ring buffer or held by the TX task
+  bool tx_pending_();
   TaskHandle_t usb_tx_task_handle_{nullptr};
 
   RingbufHandle_t usb_tx_ringbuf_{nullptr};
   RingbufHandle_t usb_rx_ringbuf_{nullptr};
+  // Non-zero while the TX task holds bytes it has pulled from the ring buffer but not
+  // yet handed to TinyUSB; lets flush() account for data that is in neither the ring
+  // buffer nor TinyUSB's FIFO.
+  // Threading: written only by usb_tx_task(); read by flush()'s bounded wait on the
+  // caller's task (typically the main loop).
+  // std::atomic<uint8_t> rather than std::atomic<bool> because GCC on Xtensa
+  // generates an indirect function call for atomic<bool> ops instead of inlining
+  // them; atomic<uint8_t> inlines correctly on all platforms.
+  std::atomic<uint8_t> usb_tx_busy_{0};
+  // Running total of bytes dropped by write_array() (never reset), and the timestamp
+  // of the last "buffer full" log line (throttled so a sustained host stall doesn't
+  // flood the log).
+  uint32_t tx_dropped_bytes_{0};
+  uint32_t tx_dropped_log_ms_{0};
   // RX buffer for peek functionality
   uint8_t peek_buffer_{0};
   bool has_peek_{false};
@@ -112,7 +135,7 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMC
 };
 
 /// Main USB CDC ACM component that manages the USB device and all CDC interfaces
-class USBCDCACMComponent : public Component {
+class USBCDCACMComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   USBCDCACMComponent();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
index 859d6cbaea..e46369660d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S31) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H4)
 #include "usb_cdc_acm.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
@@ -24,6 +25,13 @@ static constexpr size_t USB_CDC_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 static constexpr size_t USB_TX_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
 static constexpr size_t USB_TX_TASK_STACK_SIZE_VV = 8192;
 
+// Upper bound on how long flush() may block in total: the TX ring buffer drain and
+// the final TinyUSB flush share this budget.
+static constexpr uint32_t FLUSH_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
+
+// Minimum interval between repeated warnings while a host stall persists.
+static constexpr uint32_t LOG_THROTTLE_MS = 1000;
+
 static USBCDCACMInstance *get_instance_by_itf(int itf) {
   if (global_usb_cdc_component == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
@@ -186,11 +194,21 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::usb_tx_task_fn(void *arg) {
 void USBCDCACMInstance::usb_tx_task() {
   uint8_t data[CONFIG_TINYUSB_CDC_TX_BUFSIZE] = {0};
   size_t tx_data_size = 0;
+  // Back-dated so a stall within the first LOG_THROTTLE_MS of uptime still logs
+  // immediately (unsigned arithmetic keeps this wrap-safe).
+  uint32_t stall_log_ms = millis() - LOG_THROTTLE_MS;
 
   while (true) {
+    // Not holding any data while blocked waiting for more.
+    this->usb_tx_busy_ = 0;
+
     // Wait for a notification from the bridge component
     ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, portMAX_DELAY);
 
+    // Raise the busy flag before pulling data out of the ring buffer, so at every
+    // instant flush() sees pending bytes in the ring buffer count or in this flag.
+    this->usb_tx_busy_ = 1;
+
     // When we do wake up, we can be sure there is data in the ring buffer
     esp_err_t ret = ringbuf_read_bytes(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, data, CONFIG_TINYUSB_CDC_TX_BUFSIZE, &tx_data_size, 0);
 
@@ -224,11 +242,50 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::usb_tx_task() {
       esp_err_t flush_ret =
           tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
 
-      if (flush_ret != ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: flush failed", this->itf_);
-        tud_cdc_n_write_clear(this->itf_);
-        break;
+      if (flush_ret == ESP_OK) {
+        continue;
       }
+
+      // Bytes not yet handed to TinyUSB plus bytes still sitting in its transmit FIFO.
+      // tud_cdc_n_write_occupied() is not public API in the pinned TinyUSB release, so
+      // derive the occupancy from the FIFO depth TinyUSB itself is configured with.
+      const size_t pending = tx_data_size + (CFG_TUD_CDC_TX_BUFSIZE - tud_cdc_n_write_available(this->itf_));
+
+      // A flush timeout only means TinyUSB's transmit FIFO did not fully drain within
+      // the wait window; the queued bytes are untouched and TinyUSB keeps sending them
+      // from its transfer-complete callback once the host polls again. Clearing the
+      // FIFO here would discard the tail of a frame whose head is already on the wire,
+      // corrupting the stream mid-frame. Hold the data and retry instead; sustained
+      // backpressure then propagates to the ring buffer, which drops whole writes with
+      // a warning instead of splitting a frame.
+      //
+      // Gate the retry on DTR (tud_cdc_n_connected()) rather than tud_ready(): an
+      // enumerated-but-idle host (no application holding the port open) never polls
+      // the IN endpoint, so retrying on tud_ready() alone would wedge this task -- and
+      // stall every write_array()/flush() caller behind a full ring buffer -- for as
+      // long as the board sits plugged into an idle PC. DTR means an application has
+      // the port open and is expected to eventually read.
+      if (flush_ret == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT && tud_cdc_n_connected(this->itf_)) {
+        const uint32_t now = millis();
+        if ((now - stall_log_ms) >= LOG_THROTTLE_MS) {
+          stall_log_ms = now;
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: host not reading; %zu bytes pending", this->itf_, pending);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (flush_ret == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
+        // No application has the port open (DTR deasserted) or the device is detached,
+        // so the data cannot be delivered. TinyUSB does not clear its transmit FIFO on
+        // bus reset; drop the data here so a stale partial frame is not replayed when
+        // the port is (re)opened.
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: not connected; dropping %zu bytes", this->itf_, pending);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: flush failed (%s); dropping %zu bytes", this->itf_, esp_err_to_name(flush_ret),
+                 pending);
+      }
+      tud_cdc_n_write_clear(this->itf_);
+      break;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -245,7 +302,19 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   // Write data to TX ring buffer
   BaseType_t send_res = xRingbufferSend(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, data, len, 0);
   if (send_res != pdTRUE) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: buffer full, %u bytes dropped", this->itf_, len);
+    // During a sustained host stall the ring buffer stays full (that is the intended
+    // backpressure), so this path runs for every write; throttle the warning so the
+    // log stays readable. The counter is a running total that is never reset: each
+    // line reports all bytes dropped so far, so bytes dropped in the tail of one
+    // stall are still accounted for by the next line, whenever that is. It also makes
+    // the very first drop since boot detectable, which is logged unthrottled.
+    const bool first_drop = this->tx_dropped_bytes_ == 0;
+    this->tx_dropped_bytes_ += len;
+    const uint32_t now = millis();
+    if (first_drop || (now - this->tx_dropped_log_ms_) >= LOG_THROTTLE_MS) {
+      this->tx_dropped_log_ms_ = now;
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "USB TX itf=%d: buffer full, %" PRIu32 " bytes dropped total", this->itf_, this->tx_dropped_bytes_);
+    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -326,27 +395,54 @@ size_t USBCDCACMInstance::available() {
   return waiting + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
+// True while TX bytes have not yet reached TinyUSB's FIFO: still counted in the ring
+// buffer, or held by the TX task (usb_tx_busy_) between pulling them from the ring
+// buffer and handing them to TinyUSB -- there they are in neither the ring buffer
+// count nor TinyUSB's FIFO.
+bool USBCDCACMInstance::tx_pending_() {
+  UBaseType_t waiting = 0;
+  vRingbufferGetInfo(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &waiting);
+  return waiting != 0 || this->usb_tx_busy_ != 0;
+}
+
 uart::UARTFlushResult USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
-  // Wait for TX ring buffer to be empty
   if (this->usb_tx_ringbuf_ == nullptr) {
     return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
   }
 
-  UBaseType_t waiting = 1;
-  while (waiting > 0) {
-    vRingbufferGetInfo(this->usb_tx_ringbuf_, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &waiting);
-    if (waiting > 0) {
-      vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1));
+  // Bound the wait: when the host stalls or disconnects, the TX task holds on to
+  // pending data rather than discarding it, so the ring buffer may not drain for as
+  // long as the host stays away. flush() runs on the caller's (typically the main
+  // loop) task and must not block indefinitely. Signed tick differences keep the
+  // deadline arithmetic wrap-safe.
+  TickType_t now = xTaskGetTickCount();
+  const TickType_t deadline = now + pdMS_TO_TICKS(FLUSH_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  while (this->tx_pending_()) {
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(now - deadline) >= 0) {
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
     }
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1));
+    now = xTaskGetTickCount();
   }
 
-  // Also wait for USB to finish transmitting
-  esp_err_t err = tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
-  if (err == ESP_OK)
-    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
-  if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
-    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
-  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED;
+  // Also wait for USB to finish transmitting, within whatever remains of the budget.
+  // Floor at one tick: a zero-tick timeout takes esp_tinyusb's non-blocking branch,
+  // whose return contract is that library's internal detail and may differ between
+  // releases. One tick keeps the call on the blocking branch (ESP_OK/ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
+  // at the cost of at most one tick over budget.
+  const int32_t remaining = static_cast<int32_t>(deadline - now);
+  const TickType_t flush_ticks = remaining > 0 ? static_cast<TickType_t>(remaining) : 1;
+  switch (tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), flush_ticks)) {
+    case ESP_OK:
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+    case ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT:
+    // ESP_ERR_NOT_FINISHED is the non-blocking branch's "still draining" result;
+    // mapped like a timeout in case a future esp_tinyusb release returns it here.
+    case ESP_ERR_NOT_FINISHED:
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+    default:
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED;
+  }
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::check_logger_conflict() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py
index 70425c27ca..4abcc3a449 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DEVICES, CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -30,7 +31,9 @@ CONF_MAX_TRANSFER_REQUESTS = "max_transfer_requests"
 CONF_MAX_PACKET_SIZE = "max_packet_size"
 
 
-def usb_device_schema(cls=USBClient, vid: int = None, pid: int = None) -> cv.Schema:
+def usb_device_schema(
+    cls=USBClient, vid: int | None = None, pid: int | None = None
+) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cls),
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def register_usb_client(config):
+async def register_usb_client(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_VID], config[CONF_PID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
index 57640e8691..42869fb2a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class USBClient : public Component {
   uint16_t vid_{};
   uint16_t pid_{};
 };
-class USBHost : public Component {
+class USBHost final : public Component {
  public:
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index e42a2c092b..edbf75f70f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["uart", "usb_host", "bytebuffer"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -46,42 +47,59 @@ DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE = 9600
 
 
 class Type:
-    def __init__(self, name, vid, pid, cls, max_channels=1, baud_rate_required=True):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        vid: int,
+        pid: int,
+        cls: str | None,
+        max_channels: int = 1,
+        baud_rate_required: bool = True,
+        max_baud: int = 1_000_000,
+    ) -> None:
         self.name = name
         cls = cls or name
         self.vid = vid
         self.pid = pid
         self.cls = usb_uart_ns.class_(f"USBUartType{cls}", USBUartComponent)
-        self.max_channels = max_channels
+        self._max_channels = max_channels
         self.baud_rate_required = baud_rate_required
+        self.max_baud = max_baud
+
+    @property
+    def max_channels(self) -> int:
+        return (
+            3
+            if (
+                CORE.is_esp32
+                and get_esp32_variant() != VARIANT_ESP32P4
+                and self._max_channels > 3
+            )
+            else self._max_channels
+        )
 
 
 uart_types = (
     Type("CDC_ACM", 0, 0, "CdcAcm", 1, baud_rate_required=False),
-    Type("CH34X", 0x1A86, 0x55D5, "CH34X", 4),
-    Type("CH340", 0x1A86, 0x7523, "CH34X", 1),
-    Type("CP210X", 0x10C4, 0xEA60, "CP210X", 3),
+    Type("CH34X", 0x1A86, 0x55D5, "CH34X", 4, max_baud=2_000_000),
+    Type("CH340", 0x1A86, 0x7523, "CH34X", 1, max_baud=2_000_000),
+    Type("CP210X", 0x10C4, 0xEA60, "CP210X", 3, max_baud=2_000_000),
     Type("ESP_JTAG", 0x303A, 0x1001, "CdcAcm", 1, baud_rate_required=False),
-    Type("FT232", 0x0403, 0x6001, "FT23XX", 1),
-    Type("FT2232", 0x0403, 0x6010, "FT23XX", 2),
-    Type("FT4232", 0x0403, 0x6011, "FT23XX", 4),
-    Type("PL2303", 0x067B, 0x2303, "PL2303", 1),
-    Type("PL2303GB", 0x067B, 0x23B3, "PL2303", 1),
-    Type("PL2303GC", 0x067B, 0x23A3, "PL2303", 1),
-    Type("PL2303GE", 0x067B, 0x23E3, "PL2303", 1),
-    Type("PL2303GL", 0x067B, 0x23D3, "PL2303", 1),
-    Type("PL2303GS", 0x067B, 0x23F3, "PL2303", 1),
-    Type("PL2303GT", 0x067B, 0x23C3, "PL2303", 1),
+    Type("FT232", 0x0403, 0x6001, "FT23XX", 1, max_baud=3_000_000),
+    Type("FT2232", 0x0403, 0x6010, "FT23XX", 2, max_baud=12_000_000),
+    Type("FT4232", 0x0403, 0x6011, "FT23XX", 4, max_baud=12_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303", 0x067B, 0x2303, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303GB", 0x067B, 0x23B3, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303GC", 0x067B, 0x23A3, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303GE", 0x067B, 0x23E3, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303GL", 0x067B, 0x23D3, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303GS", 0x067B, 0x23F3, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
+    Type("PL2303GT", 0x067B, 0x23C3, "PL2303", 1, max_baud=6_000_000),
     Type("STM32_VCP", 0x0483, 0x5740, "CdcAcm", 1, baud_rate_required=False),
 )
 
 
-def channel_schema(channels, baud_rate_required):
-    # For now S3 is restricted to 3 channels since each needs 2 endpoints, plus the control endpoint, and
-    # there are only a total of 8 endpoints available.
-    # This will need updating when the 8 channel devices that multiplex over an endpoint are added.
-    if CORE.is_esp32 and get_esp32_variant() != VARIANT_ESP32P4 and channels > 3:
-        channels = 3
+def channel_schema(type_: "Type") -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_CHANNELS): cv.All(
@@ -94,11 +112,11 @@ def channel_schema(channels, baud_rate_required):
                             ),
                             (
                                 cv.Required(CONF_BAUD_RATE)
-                                if baud_rate_required
+                                if type_.baud_rate_required
                                 else cv.Optional(
                                     CONF_BAUD_RATE, default=DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE
                                 )
-                            ): cv.int_range(min=300, max=1000000),
+                            ): cv.int_range(min=300, max=type_.max_baud),
                             cv.Optional(CONF_STOP_BITS, default="1"): cv.enum(
                                 UART_STOP_BITS_OPTIONS, upper=True
                             ),
@@ -117,7 +135,10 @@ def channel_schema(channels, baud_rate_required):
                         }
                     )
                 ),
-                cv.Length(max=channels),
+                cv.Length(
+                    max=type_.max_channels,
+                    msg=f"Device type {type_.name} supports a maximum of {type_.max_channels} channels",
+                ),
             )
         }
     )
@@ -127,7 +148,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
     cv.typed_schema(
         {
             it.name: usb_device_schema(it.cls, it.vid, it.pid).extend(
-                channel_schema(it.max_channels, it.baud_rate_required)
+                channel_schema(it)
             )
             for it in uart_types
         },
@@ -136,7 +157,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     # The output chunk pool/queue are compile-time-sized templates shared by all
     # USBUartChannel instances, so use the largest buffer_size across every channel
     # of every device. Add one extra slot because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
index e84384be5d..00c5e0b069 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
@@ -50,47 +50,44 @@ static const CH34xEntry CH34X_TABLE[] = {
     {"CH346C_M2", 0x55EC, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH346C_M2, 2},
 };
 
-void USBUartTypeCH34X::enable_channels() {
-  usb_host::transfer_cb_t cb = [this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    if (!status.success) {
-      this->defer([this, error_code = status.error_code]() {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CH34x chip detection failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(error_code));
-        this->apply_line_settings_();
-      });
-      return;
-    }
-    CH34xChipType chiptype = CHIP_UNKNOWN;
-    uint8_t num_ports = 1;
-    for (const auto &e : CH34X_TABLE) {
-      if (e.pid != this->pid_)
-        continue;
-      if (e.match != 0xFF && (status.data[e.byte_idx] & e.mask) != e.match)
-        continue;
-      chiptype = e.chiptype;
-      num_ports = e.num_ports;
+bool USBUartTypeCH34X::config_device_step(uint8_t step, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) {
+  if (step == 0) {
+    // Vendor-specific GET_CHIP_VERSION request (bRequest=0x5F): returns chip ID bytes
+    // used to distinguish CH34x variants sharing the same PID.
+    this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_IN, 0x5F, 0, 0, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
+    return true;
+  }
+  // step 1: parse the chip-version response (falling back to "unknown" on failure).
+  if (!ok) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CH34x chip detection failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  CH34xChipType chiptype = CHIP_UNKNOWN;
+  uint8_t num_ports = 1;
+  for (const auto &e : CH34X_TABLE) {
+    if (e.pid != this->pid_)
+      continue;
+    if (e.match != 0xFF && (response[e.byte_idx] & e.mask) != e.match)
+      continue;
+    chiptype = e.chiptype;
+    num_ports = e.num_ports;
+    break;
+  }
+  // CH344L vs CH344L_V2 requires chipver (data[0]) in addition to chiptype (data[1])
+  if (chiptype == CHIP_CH344L && (response[0] & 0xF0) != 0x40)
+    chiptype = CHIP_CH344L_V2;
+  const char *name = "unknown";
+  for (const auto &e : CH34X_TABLE) {
+    if (e.chiptype == chiptype) {
+      name = e.name;
       break;
     }
-    // CH344L vs CH344L_V2 requires chipver (data[0]) in addition to chiptype (data[1])
-    if (chiptype == CHIP_CH344L && (status.data[0] & 0xF0) != 0x40)
-      chiptype = CHIP_CH344L_V2;
-    const char *name = "unknown";
-    for (const auto &e : CH34X_TABLE) {
-      if (e.chiptype == chiptype) {
-        name = e.name;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    this->defer([this, chiptype, num_ports, name]() {
-      this->chiptype_ = chiptype;
-      this->chip_name_ = name;
-      this->num_ports_ = num_ports;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CH34x chip: %s, ports: %u", name, this->num_ports_);
-      this->apply_line_settings_();
-    });
-  };
-  // Vendor-specific GET_CHIP_VERSION request (bRequest=0x5F): returns chip ID bytes
-  // used to distinguish CH34x variants sharing the same PID.
-  this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_IN, 0x5F, 0, 0, cb, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
+  }
+  this->chiptype_ = chiptype;
+  this->chip_name_ = name;
+  this->num_ports_ = num_ports;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CH34x chip: %s, ports: %u", name, this->num_ports_);
+  return false;
 }
 
 void USBUartTypeCH34X::dump_config() {
@@ -98,67 +95,64 @@ void USBUartTypeCH34X::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  CH34x chip: %s", this->chip_name_);
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeCH34X::apply_line_settings_() {
-  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
-    if (!channel->initialised_.load())
-      continue;
-    usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [=](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-      if (!status.success) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Control transfer failed, status=%s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
-        channel->initialised_.store(false);
+bool USBUartTypeCH34X::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                                   const uint8_t *response) {
+  uint8_t cmd = 0xA1 + channel->index_;
+  if (channel->index_ >= 2)
+    cmd += 0xE;
+  switch (step) {
+    case 0: {
+      uint8_t divisor = 7;
+      uint32_t clk = 12000000;
+
+      auto baud_rate = channel->baud_rate_;
+      if (baud_rate < 256000) {
+        if (baud_rate > 6000000 / 255) {
+          divisor = 3;
+          clk = 6000000;
+        } else if (baud_rate > 750000 / 255) {
+          divisor = 2;
+          clk = 750000;
+        } else if (baud_rate > 93750 / 255) {
+          divisor = 1;
+          clk = 93750;
+        } else {
+          divisor = 0;
+          clk = 11719;
+        }
       }
-    };
-
-    uint8_t divisor = 7;
-    uint32_t clk = 12000000;
-
-    auto baud_rate = channel->baud_rate_;
-    if (baud_rate < 256000) {
-      if (baud_rate > 6000000 / 255) {
-        divisor = 3;
-        clk = 6000000;
-      } else if (baud_rate > 750000 / 255) {
-        divisor = 2;
-        clk = 750000;
-      } else if (baud_rate > 93750 / 255) {
-        divisor = 1;
-        clk = 93750;
-      } else {
-        divisor = 0;
-        clk = 11719;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "baud_rate: %" PRIu32 ", divisor: %d, clk: %" PRIu32, baud_rate, divisor, clk);
+      auto factor = static_cast<uint8_t>(clk / baud_rate);
+      if (factor == 0 || factor == 0xFF) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid baud rate %" PRIu32, baud_rate);
+        return false;
       }
-    }
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "baud_rate: %" PRIu32 ", divisor: %d, clk: %" PRIu32, baud_rate, divisor, clk);
-    auto factor = static_cast<uint8_t>(clk / baud_rate);
-    if (factor == 0 || factor == 0xFF) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid baud rate %" PRIu32, baud_rate);
-      channel->initialised_.store(false);
-      continue;
-    }
-    if ((clk / factor - baud_rate) > (baud_rate - clk / (factor + 1)))
-      factor++;
-    factor = 256 - factor;
+      if ((clk / factor - baud_rate) > (baud_rate - clk / (factor + 1)))
+        factor++;
+      factor = 256 - factor;
 
-    uint16_t value = 0xC0;
-    if (channel->stop_bits_ == UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_2)
-      value |= 4;
-    switch (channel->parity_) {
-      case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE:
-        break;
-      default:
-        value |= 8 | ((channel->parity_ - 1) << 4);
-        break;
+      uint16_t value = 0xC0;
+      if (channel->stop_bits_ == UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_2)
+        value |= 4;
+      switch (channel->parity_) {
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE:
+          break;
+        default:
+          value |= 8 | ((channel->parity_ - 1) << 4);
+          break;
+      }
+      value |= channel->data_bits_ - 5;
+      value <<= 8;
+      value |= 0x8C;
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, cmd, value, (factor << 8) | divisor);
+      return true;
     }
-    value |= channel->data_bits_ - 5;
-    value <<= 8;
-    value |= 0x8C;
-    uint8_t cmd = 0xA1 + channel->index_;
-    if (channel->index_ >= 2)
-      cmd += 0xE;
-    this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, cmd, value, (factor << 8) | divisor, callback);
-    this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, cmd + 3, 0x80, 0, callback);
+    case 1:
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, cmd + 3, 0x80, 0);
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
   }
-  this->start_channels_();
 }
 
 std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCH34X::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
index c4edaed038..5551abe1a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
@@ -97,29 +97,31 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCP210X::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
   return cdc_devs;
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeCP210X::enable_channels() {
-  // enable the channels
-  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
-    if (!channel->initialised_.load())
-      continue;
-    usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [=](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-      if (!status.success) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Control transfer failed, status=%s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
-        channel->initialised_.store(false);
-      }
-    };
-    this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, IFC_ENABLE, 1, channel->index_, callback);
-    uint16_t line_control = channel->stop_bits_;
-    line_control |= static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->parity_) << 4;
-    line_control |= channel->data_bits_ << 8;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Line control value 0x%X", line_control);
-    this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, SET_LINE_CTL, line_control, channel->index_,
-                           callback);
-    auto baud = ByteBuffer::wrap(channel->baud_rate_, LITTLE);
-    this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, SET_BAUDRATE, 0, channel->index_, callback,
-                           baud.get_data());
+bool USBUartTypeCP210X::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                                    const uint8_t *response) {
+  // On reload, skip the one-time IFC_ENABLE step (the interface is already enabled).
+  if (reload)
+    step++;
+  switch (step) {
+    case 0:
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, IFC_ENABLE, 1, channel->index_);
+      return true;
+    case 1: {
+      uint16_t line_control = channel->stop_bits_;
+      line_control |= static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->parity_) << 4;
+      line_control |= channel->data_bits_ << 8;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Line control value 0x%X", line_control);
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, SET_LINE_CTL, line_control, channel->index_);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 2: {
+      auto baud = ByteBuffer::wrap(channel->baud_rate_, LITTLE);
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, SET_BAUDRATE, 0, channel->index_, baud.get_data());
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
   }
-  this->start_channels_();
 }
 }  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp
index 2e8ff8bcb5..fcebf0fbd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ft23xx.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "usb_uart.h"
 #include "usb/usb_host.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
@@ -111,40 +112,46 @@ static int ftdi_to_clkbits(int baudrate, unsigned int clk, int clk_div, uint32_t
   return best_baud;
 }
 
-static int ftdi_convert_baudrate(int baudrate, uint8_t chip_type, uint8_t channel_index, uint16_t *value,
-                                 uint16_t *index) {
+struct FtdiConfig {
+  uint16_t value;
+  uint16_t ftdi_index;
   int best_baud;
+};
+
+static FtdiConfig ftdi_convert_baudrate(int baudrate, uint8_t chip_type, uint8_t channel_index) {
   uint32_t encoded_divisor;
 
+  FtdiConfig config{};
+
   if (baudrate <= 0) {
-    return -1;
+    return config;
   }
 
   static constexpr uint32_t H_CLK = 120000000;
   static constexpr uint32_t C_CLK = 48000000;
   if ((chip_type == TYPE_2232H) || (chip_type == TYPE_4232H) || (chip_type == TYPE_232H)) {
     if (baudrate * 10 > H_CLK / 0x3fff) {
-      best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits(baudrate, H_CLK, 10, &encoded_divisor);
+      config.best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits(baudrate, H_CLK, 10, &encoded_divisor);
       encoded_divisor |= 0x20000; /* switch on CLK/10*/
     } else {
-      best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits(baudrate, C_CLK, 16, &encoded_divisor);
+      config.best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits(baudrate, C_CLK, 16, &encoded_divisor);
     }
   } else if ((chip_type == TYPE_BM) || (chip_type == TYPE_2232C) || (chip_type == TYPE_R) || (chip_type == TYPE_230X)) {
-    best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits(baudrate, C_CLK, 16, &encoded_divisor);
+    config.best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits(baudrate, C_CLK, 16, &encoded_divisor);
   } else {
-    best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits_am(baudrate, &encoded_divisor);
+    config.best_baud = ftdi_to_clkbits_am(baudrate, &encoded_divisor);
   }
 
-  *value = (uint16_t) (encoded_divisor & 0xFFFF);
+  config.value = (uint16_t) (encoded_divisor & 0xFFFF);
   if (chip_type == TYPE_2232H || chip_type == TYPE_4232H || chip_type == TYPE_232H) {
-    *index = (uint16_t) (encoded_divisor >> 8);
-    *index &= 0xFF00;
-    *index |= (channel_index + 1);
+    config.ftdi_index = (uint16_t) (encoded_divisor >> 8);
+    config.ftdi_index &= 0xFF00;
+    config.ftdi_index |= (channel_index + 1);
   } else {
-    *index = (uint16_t) (encoded_divisor >> 16);
+    config.ftdi_index = (uint16_t) (encoded_divisor >> 16);
   }
 
-  return best_baud;
+  return config;
 }
 
 static optional<CdcEps> get_uart(const usb_config_desc_t *config_desc, uint8_t intf_idx) {
@@ -263,140 +270,15 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeFT23XX::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
   return cdc_devs;
 }
 
-int USBUartTypeFT23XX::reset_(USBUartChannel *channel) {
-  usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [channel, this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    if (!status.success) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reset failed, status=%s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
-      channel->initialised_.store(false);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reset successful, setting baudrate...");
-      this->set_baudrate_(channel);
-    }
-  };
-  bool ok = this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x00, 0x00,
-                                   channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1, callback);
-  if (!ok) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reset control_transfer submit failed");
-    channel->initialised_.store(false);
-    return -1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
+void USBUartTypeFT23XX::start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
+  if (!channel->initialised_.load())
+    return;
 
-int USBUartTypeFT23XX::set_baudrate_(USBUartChannel *channel, uint32_t baudrate) {
-  usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [channel, this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    if (!status.success) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set baudrate failed, status=%s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
-      channel->initialised_.store(false);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baudrate %" PRIu32 " set, setting line properties...", channel->baud_rate_);
-      this->set_line_properties_(channel);
-    }
-  };
-  if (baudrate == 0) {
-    baudrate = channel->baud_rate_;
-  }
-  uint16_t value = 0, ftdi_index = 0;
-  ftdi_convert_baudrate(baudrate, this->chip_type_, channel->index_, &value, &ftdi_index);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baudrate: %" PRIu32 ", value=0x%04X, ftdi_index=0x%04X", baudrate, value, ftdi_index);
-  uint16_t usb_index = (ftdi_index & 0xFF00) | (channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1);
-  bool ok = this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x03, value, usb_index, callback);
-  if (!ok) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set baudrate control_transfer submit failed");
-    channel->initialised_.store(false);
-    return -1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int USBUartTypeFT23XX::set_line_properties_(USBUartChannel *channel) {
-  usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [channel, this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    if (!status.success) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set line properties failed, status=%s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
-      channel->initialised_.store(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Line properties set, setting modem control...");
-    this->set_dtr_rts_(channel);
-  };
-
-  uint16_t value = channel->data_bits_;
-
-  switch (channel->parity_) {
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE:
-      value |= (0x00 << 8);
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD:
-      value |= (0x01 << 8);
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN:
-      value |= (0x02 << 8);
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_MARK:
-      value |= (0x03 << 8);
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_SPACE:
-      value |= (0x04 << 8);
-      break;
-  }
-
-  switch (channel->stop_bits_) {
-    case UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_1:
-      value |= (0x00 << 11);
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_1_5:
-      value |= (0x01 << 11);
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_2:
-      value |= (0x02 << 11);
-      break;
-  }
-
-  value |= (0x00 << 14);
-
-  bool ok = this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x04, value,
-                                   channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1, callback);
-  if (!ok) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set line properties control_transfer submit failed");
-    channel->initialised_.store(false);
-    return -1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int USBUartTypeFT23XX::set_dtr_rts_(USBUartChannel *channel) {
-  usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [channel, this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    if (!status.success) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set modem control failed, status=%s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
-      channel->initialised_.store(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Modem control set for channel %d, starting input...", channel->index_);
-    channel->initialised_.store(true);
-    this->start_input(channel);
-    uint8_t next_index = channel->index_ + 1;
-    if (next_index < this->channels_.size()) {
-      USBUartChannel *next_channel = this->channels_[next_index];
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuring next channel %d", next_channel->index_);
-      this->reset_(next_channel);
-      return;
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "All channels configured");
-    }
-  };
-
-  bool ok = this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x01, 0x0000,
-                                   channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1, callback);
-  if (!ok) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Set modem control control_transfer submit failed");
-    channel->initialised_.store(false);
-    return -1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void USBUartTypeFT23XX::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
-  if (!channel->initialised_.load() || channel->input_started_.load())
+  // Use compare_exchange_strong to avoid a check-then-act race: start_input() is called
+  // from both the USB task (self-restart on success) and the main loop (backpressure
+  // restart), so a plain load()/store() pair can let both threads submit a transfer.
+  auto started = false;
+  if (!channel->input_started_.compare_exchange_strong(started, true))
     return;
 
   const auto *ep = channel->cdc_dev_.in_ep;
@@ -408,51 +290,119 @@ void USBUartTypeFT23XX::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
       return;
     }
 
+    // FTDI prepends a 2-byte modem/line status header to every bulk IN packet.
     size_t uart_data_len = (status.data_len > 2) ? (status.data_len - 2) : 0;
 
     if (uart_data_len > 0) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "RX callback: Received %zu bytes, channel=%d", uart_data_len, channel->index_);
       if (!channel->dummy_receiver_) {
-        // Copy the entire received UART payload into the ring buffer in one
-        // operation to avoid per-byte overhead and reduce the chance of
-        // heap activity in hot paths.
-        channel->input_buffer_.push(status.data + 2, uart_data_len);
+        UsbDataChunk *chunk = this->chunk_pool_.allocate();
+        if (chunk == nullptr) {
+          this->usb_data_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+          channel->input_started_.store(false);
+          // Queue is full — wake the main loop to drain it, then let read_array()
+          // retrigger start_input() rather than spinning here in the USB task.
+          this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+          App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+          return;
+        }
+        // Strip the 2-byte FTDI header before queuing.
+        memcpy(chunk->data, status.data + 2, uart_data_len);
+        chunk->length = static_cast<uint16_t>(uart_data_len);
+        chunk->channel = channel;
+        this->usb_data_queue_.push(chunk);
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
         if (channel->debug_) {
-          // Debug path creates a temporary vector for logging only; this is
-          // acceptable because debug mode is opt-in and not used in release.
           uart::UARTDebug::log_hex(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX,
                                    std::vector<uint8_t>(status.data + 2, status.data + 2 + uart_data_len), ',',
                                    channel->debug_prefix_);
         }
 #endif
+        this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+        App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
       }
-    } else {
+    } else if (status.data_len >= 2) {
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX: Status packet, modem=0x%02X line=0x%02X, ch=%d", status.data[0], status.data[1],
                 channel->index_);
     }
 
     channel->input_started_.store(false);
-    if (channel->dummy_receiver_ ||
-        channel->input_buffer_.get_free_space() >= channel->cdc_dev_.in_ep->wMaxPacketSize) {
-      this->start_input(channel);
-    }
+    this->start_input(channel);
   };
 
-  channel->input_started_.store(true);
-  this->transfer_in(ep->bEndpointAddress, callback, ep->wMaxPacketSize);
+  if (!this->transfer_in(ep->bEndpointAddress, callback, ep->wMaxPacketSize)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RX transfer submission failed for ep=0x%02X", ep->bEndpointAddress);
+    channel->input_started_.store(false);
+  }
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeFT23XX::enable_channels() {
-  if (!this->channels_.empty() && this->channels_[0]->initialised_.load()) {
-    this->reset_(this->channels_[0]);
-  }
+void USBUartTypeFT23XX::on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "RX buffer overflow on channel %d, clearing to resync", channel->index_);
+  channel->input_buffer_.clear();
+}
 
-  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
-    if (!channel->initialised_.load())
-      continue;
-    channel->input_started_.store(false);
-    channel->output_started_.store(false);
+bool USBUartTypeFT23XX::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                                    const uint8_t *response) {
+  // On reload (settings change on an open channel) skip the SIO reset; the FTDI set_termios
+  // path only re-applies baud + line properties and does not re-assert DTR/RTS.
+  if (reload)
+    step++;
+  switch (step) {
+    case 0:  // SIO reset (init only)
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x00, 0x00,
+                             channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1);
+      return true;
+    case 1: {  // set baudrate
+      auto config = ftdi_convert_baudrate(channel->baud_rate_, this->chip_type_, channel->index_);
+      uint16_t usb_index = (config.ftdi_index & 0xFF00) | (channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baudrate: %u, value=0x%04X, ftdi_index=0x%04X", (unsigned) channel->baud_rate_, config.value,
+               config.ftdi_index);
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x03, config.value, usb_index);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 2: {  // set line properties (data bits / parity / stop bits)
+      uint16_t value = channel->data_bits_;
+      switch (channel->parity_) {
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE:
+          value |= (0x00 << 8);
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD:
+          value |= (0x01 << 8);
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN:
+          value |= (0x02 << 8);
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_MARK:
+          value |= (0x03 << 8);
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_SPACE:
+          value |= (0x04 << 8);
+          break;
+      }
+      switch (channel->stop_bits_) {
+        default:  // 1 bit
+          value |= (0x00 << 11);
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_1_5:
+          value |= (0x01 << 11);
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_STOP_BITS_2:
+          value |= (0x02 << 11);
+          break;
+      }
+      value |= (0x00 << 14);
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x04, value,
+                             channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 3:  // set modem control DTR+RTS (init only)
+      if (reload)
+        return false;
+      this->config_transfer_(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, 0x01, 0x0000,
+                             channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number + 1);
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp
index 134c51198d..a9f7348331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/pl2303.cpp
@@ -200,100 +200,114 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypePL2303::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
   return cdc_devs;
 }
 
-void USBUartTypePL2303::enable_channels() {
-  if (this->channels_.empty())
-    return;
+// Vendor init sequence for non-HXN chips (mirrors pl2303_startup in the Linux driver):
+// read 0x8484, write 0x0404=0, read 0x8484, read 0x8383, read 0x8484, write 0x0404=1,
+// read 0x8484, read 0x8383, write 0=1, write 1=0, write 2=0x24 (legacy) or 0x44 (HX+).
+// The final entry's wIndex is patched at runtime depending on the chip type.
+struct Pl2303InitStep {
+  uint8_t type;
+  uint8_t request;
+  uint16_t value;
+  uint16_t index;
+  bool read;  // reads need a 1-byte buffer to set wLength=1 so the IN data stage runs
+};
+static const Pl2303InitStep PL2303_INIT[] = {
+    {VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_READ_REQUEST, 0x8484, 0, true},
+    {VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST, 0x0404, 0, false},
+    {VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_READ_REQUEST, 0x8484, 0, true},
+    {VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_READ_REQUEST, 0x8383, 0, true},
+    {VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_READ_REQUEST, 0x8484, 0, true},
+    {VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST, 0x0404, 1, false},
+    {VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_READ_REQUEST, 0x8484, 0, true},
+    {VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_READ_REQUEST, 0x8383, 0, true},
+    {VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST, 0, 1, false},
+    {VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST, 1, 0, false},
+    {VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST, 2, 0, false},
+};
+static constexpr uint8_t PL2303_INIT_COUNT = sizeof(PL2303_INIT) / sizeof(PL2303_INIT[0]);
 
-  auto *channel = this->channels_[0];
+bool USBUartTypePL2303::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                                    const uint8_t *response) {
   bool is_legacy = (this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_H);
   bool is_hxn = (this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_HXN);
 
-  usb_host::transfer_cb_t nop_cb = [](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    if (!status.success)
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "PL2303: vendor init transfer failed");
-  };
-
-  // Init sequence for non-HXN chips (mirrors pl2303_startup in Linux driver):
-  // Read 0x8484, write 0x0404=0, read 0x8484, read 0x8383, read 0x8484,
-  // write 0x0404=1, read 0x8484, read 0x8383,
-  // write 0=1, write 1=0, write 2=0x24 (legacy) or 0x44 (HX+)
-  if (!is_hxn) {
-    uint8_t req = VENDOR_READ_REQUEST;
-    uint8_t wreq = VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST;
-
-    // Fire-and-forget vendor reads: result discarded, chip requires this sequence.
-    // Pass a 1-byte buffer to set wLength=1 so the IN data stage is performed.
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, req, 0x8484, 0, nop_cb, {0});
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, wreq, 0x0404, 0, nop_cb);
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, req, 0x8484, 0, nop_cb, {0});
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, req, 0x8383, 0, nop_cb, {0});
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, req, 0x8484, 0, nop_cb, {0});
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, wreq, 0x0404, 1, nop_cb);
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, req, 0x8484, 0, nop_cb, {0});
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_READ_REQUEST_TYPE, req, 0x8383, 0, nop_cb, {0});
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, wreq, 0, 1, nop_cb);
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, wreq, 1, 0, nop_cb);
-    this->control_transfer(VENDOR_WRITE_REQUEST_TYPE, wreq, 2, is_legacy ? 0x24 : 0x44, nop_cb);
+  // Vendor init burst runs only on full init for non-HXN chips.
+  uint8_t init_count = (!reload && !is_hxn) ? PL2303_INIT_COUNT : 0;
+  if (step < init_count) {
+    const auto &e = PL2303_INIT[step];
+    uint16_t index = (step == PL2303_INIT_COUNT - 1) ? (is_legacy ? 0x24 : 0x44) : e.index;
+    this->config_transfer_(e.type, e.request, e.value, index,
+                           e.read ? std::vector<uint8_t>{0} : std::vector<uint8_t>{});
+    return true;
   }
+  step -= init_count;
 
-  // Build 7-byte line coding structure:
-  // [0-3] baud rate (LE32), [4] stop bits, [5] parity, [6] data bits
-  uint8_t line_coding[7] = {};
-  uint32_t baud = channel->get_baud_rate();
-
-  // Choose baud encoding based on chip type
-  uint32_t nearest = nearest_supported_baud(baud);
-  if (baud == nearest || this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_HXN) {
-    encode_baud_direct(line_coding, baud);
-  } else if (this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_TA || this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_TB) {
-    encode_baud_divisor_alt(line_coding, baud);
-  } else {
-    encode_baud_divisor(line_coding, baud);
-  }
-
-  // Stop bits: 0=1, 1=1.5, 2=2
-  switch (channel->get_stop_bits()) {
-    case 2:
-      line_coding[4] = 2;
-      break;
-    default:
-      line_coding[4] = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-
-  // Parity: 0=none, 1=odd, 2=even, 3=mark, 4=space
-  switch (channel->parity_) {
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD:
-      line_coding[5] = 1;
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN:
-      line_coding[5] = 2;
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_MARK:
-      line_coding[5] = 3;
-      break;
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_SPACE:
-      line_coding[5] = 4;
-      break;
-    default:
-      line_coding[5] = 0;
-      break;
-  }
-
-  // Data bits
-  line_coding[6] = channel->get_data_bits();
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PL2303: SET_LINE_REQUEST baud=%" PRIu32 " stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", baud, line_coding[4],
-           line_coding[5], line_coding[6]);
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> lc_vec(line_coding, line_coding + 7);
   uint16_t iface = channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number;
-  this->control_transfer(SET_LINE_REQUEST_TYPE, SET_LINE_REQUEST, 0, iface, nop_cb, lc_vec);
+  switch (step) {
+    case 0: {
+      // Build 7-byte line coding structure:
+      // [0-3] baud rate (LE32), [4] stop bits, [5] parity, [6] data bits
+      uint8_t line_coding[7] = {};
+      uint32_t baud = channel->get_baud_rate();
 
-  // Assert DTR + RTS
-  this->control_transfer(SET_CONTROL_REQUEST_TYPE, SET_CONTROL_REQUEST, CONTROL_DTR | CONTROL_RTS, iface, nop_cb);
+      // Choose baud encoding based on chip type
+      uint32_t nearest = nearest_supported_baud(baud);
+      if (baud == nearest || this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_HXN) {
+        encode_baud_direct(line_coding, baud);
+      } else if (this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_TA || this->chip_type_ == PL2303_TYPE_TB) {
+        encode_baud_divisor_alt(line_coding, baud);
+      } else {
+        encode_baud_divisor(line_coding, baud);
+      }
 
-  this->start_channels_();
+      // Stop bits: 0=1, 1=1.5, 2=2
+      switch (channel->get_stop_bits()) {
+        case 2:
+          line_coding[4] = 2;
+          break;
+        default:
+          line_coding[4] = 0;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      // Parity: 0=none, 1=odd, 2=even, 3=mark, 4=space
+      switch (channel->parity_) {
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD:
+          line_coding[5] = 1;
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN:
+          line_coding[5] = 2;
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_MARK:
+          line_coding[5] = 3;
+          break;
+        case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_SPACE:
+          line_coding[5] = 4;
+          break;
+        default:
+          line_coding[5] = 0;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      // Data bits
+      line_coding[6] = channel->get_data_bits();
+
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PL2303: SET_LINE_REQUEST baud=%" PRIu32 " stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", baud, line_coding[4],
+               line_coding[5], line_coding[6]);
+
+      std::vector<uint8_t> lc_vec(line_coding, line_coding + 7);
+      this->config_transfer_(SET_LINE_REQUEST_TYPE, SET_LINE_REQUEST, 0, iface, lc_vec);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 1:
+      // Assert DTR + RTS (init only)
+      if (reload)
+        return false;
+      this->config_transfer_(SET_CONTROL_REQUEST_TYPE, SET_CONTROL_REQUEST, CONTROL_DTR | CONTROL_RTS, iface);
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index b8749b6a76..cf66e4c369 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ size_t RingBuffer::pop(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   }
   return len;
 }
-void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+void USBUartChannelBase::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->initialised_.load()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Channel not initialised - write ignored");
     return;
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     }
     uint16_t chunk_len = std::min(len, UsbOutputChunk::MAX_CHUNK_SIZE);
     memcpy(chunk->data, data, chunk_len);
-    chunk->length = static_cast<uint8_t>(chunk_len);
+    chunk->length = chunk_len;
     // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
     // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
     this->output_queue_.push(chunk);
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   this->parent_->start_output(this);
 }
 
-uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannelBase::flush() {
   // Spin until the output queue is drained and the last USB transfer completes.
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
   // The flush_timeout_ms_ timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
@@ -185,14 +186,14 @@ uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
   return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-bool USBUartChannel::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
+bool USBUartChannelBase::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
   if (this->input_buffer_.is_empty()) {
     return false;
   }
   *data = this->input_buffer_.peek();
   return true;
 }
-bool USBUartChannel::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+bool USBUartChannelBase::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->initialised_.load()) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Channel not initialised - read ignored");
     return false;
@@ -213,6 +214,7 @@ bool USBUartChannel::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 void USBUartComponent::setup() { USBClient::setup(); }
 void USBUartComponent::loop() {
   bool had_work = this->process_usb_events_();
+  had_work |= this->run_config_machine_();
 
   // Process USB data from the lock-free queue
   UsbDataChunk *chunk;
@@ -228,6 +230,11 @@ void USBUartComponent::loop() {
     }
 #endif
 
+    // If there is not enough space for the full chunk, let the device subclass
+    // handle it (e.g. FTDI clears the buffer to prevent mid-telegram corruption).
+    if (channel->input_buffer_.get_free_space() < chunk->length) {
+      this->on_rx_overflow(channel);
+    }
     // Push data to ring buffer (now safe in main loop)
     channel->input_buffer_.push(chunk->data, chunk->length);
 
@@ -270,7 +277,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::dump_config() {
                   YESNO(channel->dummy_receiver_));
   }
 }
-void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   if (!channel->initialised_.load())
     return;
   // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from both USB task and main loop threads
@@ -339,7 +346,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
   }
 }
 
-void USBUartComponent::start_output(USBUartChannel *channel) {
+void USBUartComponent::start_output(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
   // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from both main loop and USB task threads.
   // The output_queue_ is a lock-free SPSC queue, so pop() is safe from either thread.
   // The output_started_ atomic flag is claimed via compare_exchange to guarantee that
@@ -484,60 +491,182 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_disconnected() {
   USBClient::on_disconnected();
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::enable_channels() {
+bool USBUartTypeCdcAcm::config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                                    const uint8_t *response) {
   static constexpr uint8_t CDC_REQUEST_TYPE = usb_host::USB_TYPE_CLASS | usb_host::USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
   static constexpr uint8_t CDC_SET_LINE_CODING = 0x20;
   static constexpr uint8_t CDC_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE = 0x22;
   static constexpr uint16_t CDC_DTR_RTS = 0x0003;  // D0=DTR, D1=RTS
 
-  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
-    if (!channel->initialised_.load())
-      continue;
-    // Configure the bridge's UART parameters. A USB-UART bridge will not forward data
-    // at the correct speed until SET_LINE_CODING is sent; without it the UART may run
-    // at an indeterminate default rate so the NCP receives garbled bytes and never
-    // sends RSTACK.
-    uint32_t baud = channel->baud_rate_;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> line_coding = {
-        static_cast<uint8_t>(baud & 0xFF),         static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 8) & 0xFF),
-        static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 16) & 0xFF), static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 24) & 0xFF),
-        static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->stop_bits_),  // bCharFormat: 0=1stop, 1=1.5stop, 2=2stop
-        static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->parity_),     // bParityType: 0=None, 1=Odd, 2=Even, 3=Mark, 4=Space
-        static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->data_bits_),  // bDataBits
-    };
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING: baud=%u stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", (unsigned) baud, channel->stop_bits_,
-             (unsigned) channel->parity_, channel->data_bits_);
-    this->control_transfer(
-        CDC_REQUEST_TYPE, CDC_SET_LINE_CODING, 0, channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number,
-        [](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-          if (!status.success) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING failed: %X", status.error_code);
-          } else {
-            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING OK");
-          }
-        },
-        line_coding);
-    // Assert DTR+RTS to signal DTE is present.
-    this->control_transfer(CDC_REQUEST_TYPE, CDC_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE, CDC_DTR_RTS,
-                           channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number, [](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-                             if (!status.success) {
-                               ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE failed: %X", status.error_code);
-                             } else {
-                               ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE (DTR+RTS) OK");
-                             }
-                           });
+  switch (step) {
+    case 0: {
+      // Configure the bridge's UART parameters. A USB-UART bridge will not forward data
+      // at the correct speed until SET_LINE_CODING is sent; without it the UART may run
+      // at an indeterminate default rate so the NCP receives garbled bytes and never
+      // sends RSTACK.
+      uint32_t baud = channel->baud_rate_;
+      std::vector<uint8_t> line_coding = {
+          static_cast<uint8_t>(baud & 0xFF),         static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 8) & 0xFF),
+          static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 16) & 0xFF), static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 24) & 0xFF),
+          static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->stop_bits_),  // bCharFormat: 0=1stop, 1=1.5stop, 2=2stop
+          static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->parity_),     // bParityType: 0=None, 1=Odd, 2=Even, 3=Mark, 4=Space
+          static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->data_bits_),  // bDataBits
+      };
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING: baud=%u stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", (unsigned) baud, channel->stop_bits_,
+               (unsigned) channel->parity_, channel->data_bits_);
+      this->config_transfer_(CDC_REQUEST_TYPE, CDC_SET_LINE_CODING, 0, channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number,
+                             line_coding);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 1:
+      // Assert DTR+RTS to signal DTE is present (init only).
+      if (reload)
+        return false;
+      this->config_transfer_(CDC_REQUEST_TYPE, CDC_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE, CDC_DTR_RTS,
+                             channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number);
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
   }
-  this->start_channels_();
 }
 
-void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::start_channels_() {
-  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
-    if (!channel->initialised_.load())
-      continue;
+void USBUartComponent::enable_channels() {
+  this->cfg_single_ = nullptr;
+  this->cfg_pending_reload_ = nullptr;
+  this->cfg_channel_idx_ = 0;
+  this->start_config_(false);
+}
+
+void USBUartComponent::apply_channel_settings(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {
+  if (this->cfg_active_) {
+    // A config sequence is already running. Defer this reload until it finishes to preserve
+    // the one-control-transfer-at-a-time guarantee (restarting mid-flight would let an
+    // in-flight callback complete against fresh state). The pending slot coalesces multiple
+    // requests; the channel's live settings are read when the reload eventually runs.
+    // Note: multiple channel reloads are not queued; only one pending reload is supported at a time.
+    this->cfg_pending_reload_ = channel;
+    return;
+  }
+  this->cfg_single_ = channel;
+  this->start_config_(true);
+}
+
+void USBUartComponent::start_config_(bool reload) {
+  this->cfg_reload_ = reload;
+  this->cfg_device_phase_ = !reload;
+  this->cfg_step_ = 0;
+  this->cfg_ok_ = true;
+  this->cfg_in_flight_ = false;
+  this->cfg_done_.store(false);
+  this->cfg_active_ = true;
+  this->enable_loop();
+}
+
+void USBUartComponent::config_transfer_(uint8_t type, uint8_t request, uint16_t value, uint16_t index,
+                                        const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  this->cfg_done_.store(false);
+  // The completion callback runs in the USB-task context: it only records the result and
+  // wakes the loop. The next transfer is issued from run_config_machine_() on the loop thread.
+  bool submitted = this->control_transfer(
+      type, request, value, index,
+      [this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
+        this->cfg_ok_ = status.success;
+        if (!status.success) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Config control transfer failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(status.error_code));
+        } else if (status.data_len > 0) {
+          memcpy(this->cfg_response_, status.data, std::min<size_t>(status.data_len, sizeof(this->cfg_response_)));
+        }
+        // Release: publishes cfg_ok_/cfg_response_ before the loop observes cfg_done_.
+        this->cfg_done_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+        this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+        App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+      },
+      data);
+  if (!submitted) {
+    // Submission failed (e.g. no free transfer request). No callback will fire, so synthesize
+    // a failed completion here so the state machine advances/aborts instead of hanging.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Config control transfer submit failed");
+    this->cfg_ok_ = false;
+    this->cfg_done_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+  }
+}
+
+bool USBUartComponent::run_config_machine_() {
+  if (!this->cfg_active_)
+    return false;
+
+  if (this->cfg_in_flight_) {
+    // Acquire: pairs with the release in config_transfer_'s callback.
+    if (!this->cfg_done_.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
+      return false;  // still waiting; the callback will re-wake the loop (no busy spin)
+    this->cfg_in_flight_ = false;
+    this->cfg_done_.store(false);
+    this->cfg_step_++;
+  }
+
+  // cfg_ok_ is now synchronized (we only get here on the initial entry or after observing
+  // cfg_done_ with acquire ordering), so it is safe to read.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Config machine: device_phase=%d channel_idx=%d step=%d reload=%d ok=%d", this->cfg_device_phase_,
+           this->cfg_channel_idx_, this->cfg_step_, this->cfg_reload_, this->cfg_ok_);
+
+  // One-time device-level phase (init only). config_device_step() inspects cfg_ok_ itself.
+  if (this->cfg_device_phase_) {
+    if (this->config_device_step(this->cfg_step_, this->cfg_ok_, this->cfg_response_)) {
+      this->cfg_in_flight_ = true;
+      return true;
+    }
+    this->cfg_device_phase_ = false;
+    this->cfg_step_ = 0;
+    this->cfg_ok_ = true;
+  }
+
+  USBUartChannelBase *channel =
+      this->cfg_single_ != nullptr
+          ? this->cfg_single_
+          : (this->cfg_channel_idx_ < this->channels_.size() ? this->channels_[this->cfg_channel_idx_] : nullptr);
+
+  if (channel != nullptr && channel->initialised_.load()) {
+    if (!this->cfg_ok_) {
+      // A previous step in this channel's sequence failed. Abort the rest. On a full init,
+      // mark the channel uninitialised so data flow isn't started on a misconfigured channel;
+      // on a reload, leave the already-working channel as it was.
+      if (!this->cfg_reload_)
+        channel->initialised_.store(false);
+    } else if (this->config_step(channel, this->cfg_step_, this->cfg_reload_, this->cfg_ok_, this->cfg_response_)) {
+      this->cfg_in_flight_ = true;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Channel finished (or aborted). On full init, kick off data flow if still initialised.
+  if (channel != nullptr && !this->cfg_reload_ && channel->initialised_.load()) {
     channel->input_started_.store(false);
     channel->output_started_.store(false);
     this->start_input(channel);
   }
+
+  // Advance to the next channel (or finish).
+  this->cfg_step_ = 0;
+  this->cfg_ok_ = true;
+  if (this->cfg_single_ != nullptr) {
+    this->cfg_active_ = false;
+    this->cfg_single_ = nullptr;
+  } else if (++this->cfg_channel_idx_ >= this->channels_.size()) {
+    this->cfg_active_ = false;
+  }
+
+  // If the machine just went idle and a reload was requested while it was busy, start it now.
+  if (!this->cfg_active_ && this->cfg_pending_reload_ != nullptr) {
+    this->cfg_single_ = this->cfg_pending_reload_;
+    this->cfg_pending_reload_ = nullptr;
+    this->start_config_(true);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void USBUartChannelBase::load_settings(bool /*dump_config*/) {
+  // The per-channel control transfers already log their values at debug level.
+  this->parent_->apply_channel_settings(this);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index c4fb77bdb2..00b34fb942 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
 class USBUartTypeCdcAcm;
 class USBUartComponent;
-class USBUartChannel;
+class USBUartChannelBase;
 class USBUartTypePL2303;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "usb_uart";
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class RingBuffer {
 struct UsbDataChunk {
   uint8_t data[usb_host::USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
   uint16_t length;
-  USBUartChannel *channel;
+  USBUartChannelBase *channel;
 
   // Required for EventPool - no cleanup needed for POD types
   void release() {}
@@ -126,7 +126,11 @@ struct UsbOutputChunk {
   void release() {}
 };
 
-class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartComponent> {
+// Common, non-final base for all USB UART channel implementations.
+// Concrete channel types (USBUartChannel for CDC-style devices, vendor-specific
+// multiplexed channels like CH934X) derive from this and are themselves final,
+// per the "configurable classes are final" convention.
+class USBUartChannelBase : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartComponent> {
   friend class USBUartComponent;
   friend class USBUartTypeCdcAcm;
   friend class USBUartTypeCP210X;
@@ -139,14 +143,15 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   // Computed as ceil(buffer_size / 64) + 1 in Python codegen; defaults to 5 (256 / 64 + 1).
   static constexpr uint8_t USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT = USB_UART_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT;
 
-  USBUartChannel(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : input_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)), index_(index) {}
   void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override { return this->input_buffer_.get_available(); }
   bool is_connected() override { return this->initialised_.load(); }
   uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
-  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
+  // Re-apply the current line settings (baud, parity, etc) to this already-open channel.
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override;
+  using UARTComponent::load_settings;  // also bring in the no-arg overload for convenience
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
   void set_dummy_receiver(bool dummy_receiver) { this->dummy_receiver_ = dummy_receiver; }
@@ -160,6 +165,9 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   void set_rx_callback(std::function<void()> cb) { this->rx_callback_ = std::move(cb); }
 
  protected:
+  // Not directly instantiable; construct a concrete channel type instead.
+  USBUartChannelBase(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : input_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)), index_(index) {}
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   // Larger structures first (8+ bytes)
   RingBuffer input_buffer_;
   LockFreeQueue<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_queue_;
@@ -182,27 +190,79 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   bool dummy_receiver_{};
 };
 
+// Concrete channel type for CDC-style USB serial devices (2 bulk endpoints per
+// channel). All shared behavior lives in USBUartChannelBase.
+class USBUartChannel final : public USBUartChannelBase {
+ public:
+  USBUartChannel(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : USBUartChannelBase(index, buffer_size) {}
+};
+
 class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {
  public:
   USBUartComponent(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : usb_host::USBClient(vid, pid) {}
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  std::vector<USBUartChannel *> get_channels() { return this->channels_; }
+  std::vector<USBUartChannelBase *> get_channels() { return this->channels_; }
 
-  void add_channel(USBUartChannel *channel) { this->channels_.push_back(channel); }
+  void add_channel(USBUartChannelBase *channel) { this->channels_.push_back(channel); }
 
-  void start_input(USBUartChannel *channel);
-  void start_output(USBUartChannel *channel);
+  virtual void start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel);
+  void start_output(USBUartChannelBase *channel);
+
+  // Begin configuring all channels (full initialisation). Called from on_connected().
+  void enable_channels();
+  // Re-apply line settings to a single, already-open channel (used by
+  // USBUartChannelBase::load_settings()).
+  void apply_channel_settings(USBUartChannelBase *channel);
+
+  // Called from loop() when input_buffer_ has insufficient space for the incoming chunk.
+  // Default is a no-op; override in device-specific subclasses that need resync on overflow.
+  virtual void on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannelBase *channel) {}
 
   // Lock-free data transfer from USB task to main loop
   static constexpr int USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE = 32;
   LockFreeQueue<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE> usb_data_queue_;
-  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see USBUartChannel::output_pool_ comment.
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see USBUartChannelBase::output_pool_ comment.
   EventPool<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> chunk_pool_;
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<USBUartChannel *> channels_{};
+  // Issue one control transfer as part of the setup state machine. The completion
+  // callback (USB-task context) records the result/IN data, marks the step done and
+  // wakes the loop so run_config_machine_() advances on the loop thread. Call exactly
+  // once from config_step_()/config_device_step_() when issuing a step.
+  void config_transfer_(uint8_t type, uint8_t request, uint16_t value, uint16_t index,
+                        const std::vector<uint8_t> &data = {});
+  // (Re)start the config state machine. reload=false runs full init over all channels;
+  // reload=true re-applies settings to cfg_single_ only.
+  void start_config_(bool reload);
+  // Advance the config state machine; called from loop(). Returns true if it did work.
+  bool run_config_machine_();
+
+  // Per-subclass per-channel settings sequence. For the given zero-based step, issue the
+  // next control transfer via config_transfer_() and return true, or return false when the
+  // channel has no more steps. reload=true ⇒ apply only baud/parity/stop/data (skip
+  // enable/reset/DTR-RTS). ok/response carry the previous step's result and IN data.
+  virtual bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok,
+                           const uint8_t *response) = 0;
+  // Optional one-time device-level setup run before the per-channel phase on init only
+  // (e.g. CH34x chip detection). Same contract as config_step_(). Default: no steps.
+  virtual bool config_device_step(uint8_t step, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) { return false; }
+
+  std::vector<USBUartChannelBase *> channels_{};
+
+  // Config state machine
+  USBUartChannelBase *cfg_single_{nullptr};          // non-null: reload of a single channel
+  USBUartChannelBase *cfg_pending_reload_{nullptr};  // reload requested while the machine was busy
+  std::atomic<bool> cfg_done_{false};                // synchronizes cfg_ok_/cfg_response_ across threads
+  uint8_t cfg_response_[8]{};                        // last IN transfer payload (for detection reads)
+  uint8_t cfg_channel_idx_{0};
+  uint8_t cfg_step_{0};
+  bool cfg_active_{false};
+  bool cfg_reload_{false};
+  bool cfg_device_phase_{false};
+  bool cfg_in_flight_{false};
+  bool cfg_ok_{true};
 };
 
 class USBUartTypeCdcAcm : public USBUartComponent {
@@ -213,11 +273,7 @@ class USBUartTypeCdcAcm : public USBUartComponent {
   virtual std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl);
   void on_connected() override;
   void on_disconnected() override;
-  virtual void enable_channels();
-  /// Resets per-channel transfer flags and posts the first bulk IN transfer.
-  /// Called by enable_channels() and by vendor-specific subclass overrides that
-  /// handle their own line-coding setup before starting data flow.
-  void start_channels_();
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 };
 
 class USBUartTypeCP210X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
@@ -226,7 +282,7 @@ class USBUartTypeCP210X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
 
  protected:
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
-  void enable_channels() override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 };
 class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
  public:
@@ -234,11 +290,11 @@ class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
-  void enable_channels() override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
+  bool config_device_step(uint8_t step, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
 
  private:
-  void apply_line_settings_();
   CH34xChipType chiptype_{CHIP_UNKNOWN};
   const char *chip_name_{"unknown"};
   uint8_t num_ports_{1};
@@ -248,16 +304,12 @@ class USBUartTypeFT23XX : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
  public:
   USBUartTypeFT23XX(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : USBUartTypeCdcAcm(vid, pid) {}
 
-  void start_input(USBUartChannel *channel);
+  void start_input(USBUartChannelBase *channel) override;
+  void on_rx_overflow(USBUartChannelBase *channel) override;
 
  protected:
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
-  void enable_channels() override;
-
-  int reset_(USBUartChannel *channel);
-  int set_baudrate_(USBUartChannel *channel, uint32_t baudrate = 0);
-  int set_line_properties_(USBUartChannel *channel);
-  int set_dtr_rts_(USBUartChannel *channel);
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 
   uint8_t chip_type_{255};
 };
@@ -273,14 +325,14 @@ enum Pl2303ChipType : uint8_t {
 };
 
 class USBUartTypePL2303 : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
-  friend class USBUartChannel;
+  friend class USBUartChannelBase;
 
  public:
   USBUartTypePL2303(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : USBUartTypeCdcAcm(vid, pid) {}
 
  protected:
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
-  void enable_channels() override;
+  bool config_step(USBUartChannelBase *channel, uint8_t step, bool reload, bool ok, const uint8_t *response) override;
 
   Pl2303ChipType chip_type_{PL2303_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py b/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
index d82a9fdec2..7d98af402d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ _VALVE_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Valve),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTValveComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+            ): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_POSITION_COMMAND_TOPIC): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.subscribe_topic
             ),
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/automation.h b/esphome/components/valve/automation.h
index 08c9f4e011..63d03a889b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/automation.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::valve {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit OpenAction(Valve *valve) : valve_(valve) {}
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Valve *valve_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class CloseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class CloseAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit CloseAction(Valve *valve) : valve_(valve) {}
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CloseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Valve *valve_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit StopAction(Valve *valve) : valve_(valve) {}
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Valve *valve_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ToggleAction(Valve *valve) : valve_(valve) {}
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 // (e.g. `const T & &` if Ts already carries a reference, or `const const
 // T &` if Ts already carries a const). This keeps trigger args no-copy
 // regardless of whether the trigger supplies `T`, `T &`, or `const T &`.
-template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   using ApplyFn = void (*)(ValveCall &, const std::remove_cvref_t<Ts> &...);
   ControlAction(Valve *valve, ApplyFn apply) : valve_(valve), apply_(apply) {}
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   ApplyFn apply_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsOpenCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsOpenCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   ValveIsOpenCondition(Valve *valve) : valve_(valve) {}
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->valve_->is_fully_open(); }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsOpenCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
   Valve *valve_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsClosedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsClosedCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   ValveIsClosedCondition(Valve *valve) : valve_(valve) {}
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->valve_->is_fully_closed(); }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsClosedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>
   Valve *valve_;
 };
 
-class ValveOpenTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+class ValveOpenTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   ValveOpenTrigger(Valve *a_valve) : valve_(a_valve) {
     a_valve->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class ValveOpenTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   Valve *valve_;
 };
 
-class ValveClosedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+class ValveClosedTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   ValveClosedTrigger(Valve *a_valve) : valve_(a_valve) {
     a_valve->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp b/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp
index 8fccd1e6d6..d8fb18b1b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp
@@ -120,10 +120,6 @@ ValveCall &ValveCall::set_stop(bool stop) {
   this->stop_ = stop;
   return *this;
 }
-bool ValveCall::get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
-
-ValveCall Valve::make_call() { return {this}; }
-
 void Valve::publish_state(bool save) {
   this->position = clamp(this->position, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 
@@ -162,9 +158,6 @@ optional<ValveRestoreState> Valve::restore_state_() {
   return recovered;
 }
 
-bool Valve::is_fully_open() const { return this->position == VALVE_OPEN; }
-bool Valve::is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == VALVE_CLOSED; }
-
 ValveCall ValveRestoreState::to_call(Valve *valve) {
   auto call = valve->make_call();
   call.set_position(this->position);
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/valve.h b/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
index c6cdf07096..183680e5e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class ValveCall {
   void perform();
 
   const optional<float> &get_position() const;
-  bool get_stop() const;
+  bool get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
   const optional<bool> &get_toggle() const;
 
  protected:
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class Valve : public EntityBase {
   float position;
 
   /// Construct a new valve call used to control the valve.
-  ValveCall make_call();
+  ValveCall make_call() { return {this}; }
 
   template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&f) { this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(f)); }
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ class Valve : public EntityBase {
   virtual ValveTraits get_traits() = 0;
 
   /// Helper method to check if the valve is fully open. Equivalent to comparing .position against 1.0
-  bool is_fully_open() const;
+  bool is_fully_open() const { return this->position == VALVE_OPEN; }
   /// Helper method to check if the valve is fully closed. Equivalent to comparing .position against 0.0
-  bool is_fully_closed() const;
+  bool is_fully_closed() const { return this->position == VALVE_CLOSED; }
 
  protected:
   friend ValveCall;
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py
index 2663496456..94857050f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 85f1172166..5c09a025f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_DELTASOL_BS2,
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/vbus_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/vbus_binary_sensor.h
index 8d372f45d6..a77fc7f56a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/vbus_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/binary_sensor/vbus_binary_sensor.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::vbus {
 
-class DeltaSolBSPlusBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolBSPlusBSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_relay1_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->relay1_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class DeltaSolBSPlusBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class DeltaSolBS2009BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolBS2009BSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_s1_error_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->s1_error_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class DeltaSolBS2009BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class DeltaSolCBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolCBSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_s1_error_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->s1_error_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class DeltaSolCBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class DeltaSolCS2BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolCS2BSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_s1_error_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->s1_error_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class DeltaSolCS2BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class DeltaSolCS4BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolCS4BSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_s1_error_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->s1_error_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class DeltaSolCS4BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class DeltaSolCSPlusBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolCSPlusBSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_s1_error_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->s1_error_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class DeltaSolCSPlusBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class DeltaSolBS2BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class DeltaSolBS2BSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_s1_error_bsensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *bsensor) { this->s1_error_bsensor_ = bsensor; }
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class DeltaSolBS2BSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
 
 class VBusCustomSubBSensor;
 
-class VBusCustomBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
+class VBusCustomBSensor final : public VBusListener, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_bsensors(std::vector<VBusCustomSubBSensor *> bsensors) { this->bsensors_ = std::move(bsensors); };
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class VBusCustomBSensor : public VBusListener, public Component {
   void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) override;
 };
 
-class VBusCustomSubBSensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
+class VBusCustomSubBSensor final : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
  public:
   void set_message_parser(message_parser_t parser) { this->message_parser_ = std::move(parser); };
   void parse_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message);
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py
index 9c3665eb1c..e8a6ea7bfa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_DELTASOL_BS2,
@@ -650,7 +651,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.h b/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.h
index ff523178ef..c8cd0cb4a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class VBusListener {
   virtual void handle_message(std::vector<uint8_t> &message) = 0;
 };
 
-class VBus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
+class VBus final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py b/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py
index 862fac302f..afff598869 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/veml3235/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_LUX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -22,13 +23,13 @@ veml3235_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("veml3235")
 VEML3235Sensor = veml3235_ns.class_(
     "VEML3235Sensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
 )
-VEML3235IntegrationTime = veml3235_ns.enum("VEML3235IntegrationTime")
+VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime = veml3235_ns.enum("VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime")
 VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIMES = {
-    "50ms": VEML3235IntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS,
-    "100ms": VEML3235IntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS,
-    "200ms": VEML3235IntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS,
-    "400ms": VEML3235IntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_400MS,
-    "800ms": VEML3235IntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_800MS,
+    "50ms": VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS,
+    "100ms": VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS,
+    "200ms": VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS,
+    "400ms": VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_400MS,
+    "800ms": VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime.VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_800MS,
 }
 VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain = veml3235_ns.enum("VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain")
 DIGITAL_GAINS = {
@@ -40,10 +41,18 @@ GAINS = {
     "1X": VEML3235ComponentGain.VEML3235_GAIN_1X,
     "2X": VEML3235ComponentGain.VEML3235_GAIN_2X,
     "4X": VEML3235ComponentGain.VEML3235_GAIN_4X,
-    "AUTO": VEML3235ComponentGain.VEML3235_GAIN_AUTO,
 }
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+
+def _validate_auto_gain_thresholds(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config[CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_LOW] >= config[CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_HIGH]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_LOW}' must be less than '{CONF_AUTO_GAIN_THRESHOLD_HIGH}'"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         VEML3235Sensor,
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_LUX,
@@ -67,11 +76,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x10))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x10)),
+    _validate_auto_gain_thresholds,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.cpp b/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.cpp
index 59892936b0..b3170469b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,16 @@ namespace esphome::veml3235 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "veml3235.sensor";
 
+// ADC counts at or above this value (98% of full scale) are treated as clipped: the true light level cannot
+// be estimated from such a reading, so auto-gain restarts from minimum sensitivity instead
+static const uint16_t CLIPPED_COUNTS = 64224;
+
+// Maximum sensitivity multiplier: integration time 800 ms (16x) * gain 4x * digital gain 2x
+static const uint16_t MAX_SENSITIVITY_FACTOR = 128;
+
+// At most one restart from clipping plus one proportional adjustment per update cycle
+static const uint8_t MAX_ADJUSTMENTS_PER_UPDATE = 2;
+
 void VEML3235Sensor::setup() {
   uint8_t device_id[] = {0, 0};
   if (!this->refresh_config_reg()) {
@@ -22,186 +32,156 @@ void VEML3235Sensor::setup() {
   }
 }
 
-bool VEML3235Sensor::refresh_config_reg(bool force_on) {
-  uint16_t data = this->power_on_ || force_on ? 0 : SHUTDOWN_BITS;
+bool VEML3235Sensor::refresh_config_reg() {
+  uint16_t data = 0x1;  // mandatory 1 per RM; shutdown bits cleared (device powered on)
 
-  data |= (uint16_t(this->integration_time_ << CONFIG_REG_IT_BIT));
-  data |= (uint16_t(this->digital_gain_ << CONFIG_REG_DG_BIT));
-  data |= (uint16_t(this->gain_ << CONFIG_REG_G_BIT));
-  data |= 0x1;  // mandatory 1 here per RM
+  data |= (uint16_t(this->integration_time_) << CONFIG_REG_IT_BIT);
+  data |= (uint16_t(this->digital_gain_) << CONFIG_REG_DG_BIT);
+  data |= (uint16_t(this->gain_) << CONFIG_REG_G_BIT);
 
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Writing 0x%.4x to register 0x%.2x", data, CONFIG_REG);
   return this->write_byte_16(CONFIG_REG, data);
 }
 
-float VEML3235Sensor::read_lx_() {
-  if (!this->power_on_) {  // if off, turn on
-    if (!this->refresh_config_reg(true)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Turning on failed");
-      this->status_set_warning();
-      return NAN;
-    }
-    delay(4);  // from RM: a wait time of 4 ms should be observed before the first measurement is picked up, to allow
-               // for a correct start of the signal processor and oscillator
+void VEML3235Sensor::update() {
+  if (this->measurement_in_progress_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Previous measurement still in progress; skipping update", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
   }
+  this->measurement_in_progress_ = true;
+  this->read_and_publish_(MAX_ADJUSTMENTS_PER_UPDATE);
+}
 
+void VEML3235Sensor::read_and_publish_(uint8_t adjustments_left) {
   uint8_t als_regs[] = {0, 0};
   if ((this->read_register(ALS_REG, als_regs, sizeof als_regs) != i2c::ERROR_OK)) {
     this->status_set_warning();
-    return NAN;
+    this->publish_state(NAN);
+    this->measurement_in_progress_ = false;
+    return;
   }
 
   this->status_clear_warning();
 
-  float als_raw_value_multiplier = LUX_MULTIPLIER_BASE;
-  uint16_t als_raw_value = encode_uint16(als_regs[1], als_regs[0]);
-  // determine multiplier value based on gains and integration time
-  if (this->digital_gain_ == VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_1X) {
-    als_raw_value_multiplier *= 2;
-  }
-  switch (this->gain_) {
-    case VEML3235_GAIN_1X:
-      als_raw_value_multiplier *= 4;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_GAIN_2X:
-      als_raw_value_multiplier *= 2;
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  switch (this->integration_time_) {
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS:
-      als_raw_value_multiplier *= 16;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS:
-      als_raw_value_multiplier *= 8;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS:
-      als_raw_value_multiplier *= 4;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_400MS:
-      als_raw_value_multiplier *= 2;
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  // finally, determine and return the actual lux value
-  float lx = float(als_raw_value) * als_raw_value_multiplier;
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "'%s': ALS raw = %u, multiplier = %.5f", this->get_name().c_str(), als_raw_value,
-            als_raw_value_multiplier);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Illuminance = %.4flx", this->get_name().c_str(), lx);
+  uint16_t als_counts = encode_uint16(als_regs[1], als_regs[0]);
 
-  if (!this->power_on_) {  // turn off if required
-    if (!this->refresh_config_reg()) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Turning off failed");
-      this->status_set_warning();
+  if (this->auto_gain_ && adjustments_left > 0) {
+    // A sample integrated with the previous settings may still be in the data register after the
+    // configuration changes, so wait out the old integration period plus two new ones before re-reading
+    const uint32_t old_integration_time_ms = this->integration_time_ms_();
+    if (this->adjust_sensitivity_(als_counts)) {
+      const uint32_t wait_ms = old_integration_time_ms + 2 * this->integration_time_ms_();
+      this->set_timeout("reread", wait_ms,
+                        [this, adjustments_left]() { this->read_and_publish_(adjustments_left - 1); });
+      return;
     }
   }
 
-  if (this->auto_gain_) {
-    this->adjust_gain_(als_raw_value);
-  }
-
-  return lx;
+  float lux = this->counts_to_lux_(als_counts);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "'%s': ALS counts = %u, sensitivity = %ux", this->get_name().c_str(), als_counts,
+            this->sensitivity_factor_());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Illuminance = %.4flx", this->get_name().c_str(), lux);
+  this->publish_state(lux);
+  this->measurement_in_progress_ = false;
 }
 
-void VEML3235Sensor::adjust_gain_(const uint16_t als_raw_value) {
-  if ((als_raw_value > UINT16_MAX * this->auto_gain_threshold_low_) &&
-      (als_raw_value < UINT16_MAX * this->auto_gain_threshold_high_)) {
-    return;
+float VEML3235Sensor::counts_to_lux_(uint16_t counts) const {
+  float resolution = LUX_MULTIPLIER_BASE * (float(MAX_SENSITIVITY_FACTOR) / float(this->sensitivity_factor_()));
+  return float(counts) * resolution;
+}
+
+uint8_t VEML3235Sensor::gain_factor_() const {
+  switch (this->gain_) {
+    case VEML3235_GAIN_4X:
+      return 4;
+    case VEML3235_GAIN_2X:
+      return 2;
+    default:
+      return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+uint16_t VEML3235Sensor::sensitivity_factor_() const {
+  const uint8_t digital_gain_factor = this->digital_gain_ == VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X ? 2 : 1;
+  return (1 << this->integration_time_) * this->gain_factor_() * digital_gain_factor;
+}
+
+void VEML3235Sensor::set_sensitivity_factor_(uint16_t factor) {
+  // The factor is a power of two in [1, 128]. Prefer integration time (improves the signal-to-noise ratio),
+  // then analog gain; digital gain is a plain doubling of the output and is used only as a last resort.
+  uint8_t it_exponent = 0;  // integration time is 2^n * 50 ms
+  while (it_exponent < VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_800MS && (1u << it_exponent) < factor) {
+    it_exponent++;
+  }
+  this->integration_time_ = static_cast<VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime>(it_exponent);
+  factor >>= it_exponent;
+
+  if (factor >= 4) {
+    this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_4X;
+    factor >>= 2;
+  } else if (factor == 2) {
+    this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_2X;
+    factor >>= 1;
+  } else {
+    this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_1X;
   }
 
-  if (als_raw_value >= UINT16_MAX * 0.9) {  // over-saturated, reset all gains and start over
-    this->digital_gain_ = VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_1X;
-    this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_1X;
-    this->integration_time_ = VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS;
-    this->refresh_config_reg();
-    return;
+  this->digital_gain_ = factor >= 2 ? VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X : VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_1X;
+}
+
+bool VEML3235Sensor::adjust_sensitivity_(uint16_t counts) {
+  // Test for clipping before the window test: with an upper threshold configured at or above the clip
+  // point, a saturated reading would otherwise count as "in window" and sensitivity would never recover
+  const bool clipped = counts >= CLIPPED_COUNTS;
+  const uint16_t low = uint16_t(UINT16_MAX * this->auto_gain_threshold_low_);
+  const uint16_t high = uint16_t(UINT16_MAX * this->auto_gain_threshold_high_);
+  if (!clipped && counts >= low && counts <= high) {
+    return false;
   }
 
-  if (this->gain_ != VEML3235_GAIN_4X) {  // increase gain if possible
-    switch (this->gain_) {
-      case VEML3235_GAIN_1X:
-        this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_2X;
-        break;
-      case VEML3235_GAIN_2X:
-        this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_4X;
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
+  const uint16_t current_factor = this->sensitivity_factor_();
+  uint16_t new_factor;
+  if (clipped) {
+    new_factor = 1;
+  } else if (counts == 0) {
+    new_factor = MAX_SENSITIVITY_FACTOR;
+  } else {
+    // Counts scale linearly with the sensitivity factor: in one step, pick the power of two that puts the
+    // next reading closest below the middle of the configured window. Rounding down means the target is
+    // never overshot, which also keeps the sensitivity stable when the window is narrower than one step.
+    float desired = float(current_factor) * ((float(low) + float(high)) * 0.5f / float(counts));
+    desired = clamp(desired, 1.0f, float(MAX_SENSITIVITY_FACTOR));
+    new_factor = 1;
+    while (new_factor * 2 <= uint16_t(desired)) {
+      new_factor *= 2;
     }
-    this->refresh_config_reg();
-    return;
   }
-  // gain is maxed out; reset it and try to increase digital gain
-  if (this->digital_gain_ != VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X) {  // increase digital gain if possible
-    this->digital_gain_ = VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X;
-    this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_1X;
-    this->refresh_config_reg();
-    return;
+
+  if (new_factor == current_factor) {
+    return false;
   }
-  // digital gain is maxed out; reset it and try to increase integration time
-  if (this->integration_time_ != VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_800MS) {  // increase integration time if possible
-    switch (this->integration_time_) {
-      case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS:
-        this->integration_time_ = VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS;
-        break;
-      case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS:
-        this->integration_time_ = VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS;
-        break;
-      case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS:
-        this->integration_time_ = VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_400MS;
-        break;
-      case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_400MS:
-        this->integration_time_ = VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_800MS;
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-    this->digital_gain_ = VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_1X;
-    this->gain_ = VEML3235_GAIN_1X;
-    this->refresh_config_reg();
-    return;
+
+  const VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime old_integration_time = this->integration_time_;
+  const VEML3235ComponentGain old_gain = this->gain_;
+  const VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain old_digital_gain = this->digital_gain_;
+
+  this->set_sensitivity_factor_(new_factor);
+  if (!this->refresh_config_reg()) {
+    // Keep our state consistent with the device, which still has the old configuration
+    this->integration_time_ = old_integration_time;
+    this->gain_ = old_gain;
+    this->digital_gain_ = old_digital_gain;
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return false;
   }
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Sensitivity adjusted from %ux to %ux (ALS counts = %u)", this->get_name().c_str(),
+           current_factor, new_factor, counts);
+  return true;
 }
 
 void VEML3235Sensor::dump_config() {
-  uint8_t digital_gain = 1;
-  uint8_t gain = 1;
-  uint16_t integration_time = 0;
-
-  if (this->digital_gain_ == VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X) {
-    digital_gain = 2;
-  }
-  switch (this->gain_) {
-    case VEML3235_GAIN_2X:
-      gain = 2;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_GAIN_4X:
-      gain = 4;
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  switch (this->integration_time_) {
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS:
-      integration_time = 50;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS:
-      integration_time = 100;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS:
-      integration_time = 200;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_400MS:
-      integration_time = 400;
-      break;
-    case VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_800MS:
-      integration_time = 800;
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
+  const uint8_t digital_gain = this->digital_gain_ == VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X ? 2 : 1;
 
   LOG_SENSOR("", "VEML3235", this);
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
@@ -212,8 +192,9 @@ void VEML3235Sensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Auto-gain enabled: %s", YESNO(this->auto_gain_));
   if (this->auto_gain_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                  "  Auto-gain upper threshold: %f%%\n"
-                  "  Auto-gain lower threshold: %f%%\n"
+                  "  Auto-gain thresholds:\n"
+                  "    Upper: %.0f%%\n"
+                  "    Lower: %.0f%%\n"
                   "  Values below will be used as initial values only",
                   this->auto_gain_threshold_high_ * 100.0f, this->auto_gain_threshold_low_ * 100.0f);
   }
@@ -221,7 +202,7 @@ void VEML3235Sensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Digital gain: %uX\n"
                 "  Gain: %uX\n"
                 "  Integration time: %ums",
-                digital_gain, gain, integration_time);
+                digital_gain, this->gain_factor_(), this->integration_time_ms_());
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::veml3235
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.h b/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.h
index df88bc6ff5..c19fc17b65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.h
+++ b/esphome/components/veml3235/veml3235.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 
@@ -16,6 +15,10 @@ static const uint8_t ID_REG = 0x09;
 
 // Bit offsets within CONFIG_REG
 //
+// The device expects the low data byte first while write_byte_16() sends the high byte first, so the 16-bit
+// configuration word used here is byte-swapped relative to the datasheet: datasheet low-byte bits are word
+// bits 15:8 here and datasheet high-byte bits are word bits 7:0.
+//
 static const uint8_t CONFIG_REG_IT_BIT = 12;
 static const uint8_t CONFIG_REG_DG_BIT = 5;
 static const uint8_t CONFIG_REG_G_BIT = 3;
@@ -23,18 +26,17 @@ static const uint8_t CONFIG_REG_G_BIT = 3;
 // Other important constants
 //
 static const uint8_t DEVICE_ID = 0x35;
-static const uint16_t SHUTDOWN_BITS = 0x0018;
 
-// Base multiplier value for lux computation
+// Resolution (lx/count) at maximum sensitivity (integration time 800 ms, gain 4x, digital gain 2x)
 //
-static const float LUX_MULTIPLIER_BASE = 0.00213;
+static const float LUX_MULTIPLIER_BASE = 0.00213f;
 
 // Enum for conversion/integration time settings for the VEML3235.
 //
 // Specific values of the enum constants are register values taken from the VEML3235 datasheet.
 // Longer times mean more accurate results, but will take more energy/more time.
 //
-enum VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime {
+enum VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime : uint8_t {
   VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS = 0b000,
   VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_100MS = 0b001,
   VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_200MS = 0b010,
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ enum VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime {
 // Enum for digital gain settings for the VEML3235.
 // Higher values are better for low light situations, but can increase noise.
 //
-enum VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain {
+enum VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain : uint8_t {
   VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_1X = 0b0,
   VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_2X = 0b1,
 };
@@ -53,17 +55,17 @@ enum VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain {
 // Enum for gain settings for the VEML3235.
 // Higher values are better for low light situations, but can increase noise.
 //
-enum VEML3235ComponentGain {
+enum VEML3235ComponentGain : uint8_t {
   VEML3235_GAIN_1X = 0b00,
   VEML3235_GAIN_2X = 0b01,
   VEML3235_GAIN_4X = 0b11,
 };
 
-class VEML3235Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class VEML3235Sensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  void update() override { this->publish_state(this->read_lx_()); }
+  void update() override;
 
   // Used by ESPHome framework. Does NOT actually set the value on the device.
   void set_auto_gain(bool auto_gain) { this->auto_gain_ = auto_gain; }
@@ -73,7 +75,6 @@ class VEML3235Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2
   void set_auto_gain_threshold_low(float auto_gain_threshold_low) {
     this->auto_gain_threshold_low_ = auto_gain_threshold_low;
   }
-  void set_power_on(bool power_on) { this->power_on_ = power_on; }
   void set_digital_gain(VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain digital_gain) { this->digital_gain_ = digital_gain; }
   void set_gain(VEML3235ComponentGain gain) { this->gain_ = gain; }
   void set_integration_time(VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime integration_time) {
@@ -88,19 +89,32 @@ class VEML3235Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2
   VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime integration_time() { return this->integration_time_; }
 
   // Updates the configuration register on the device
-  bool refresh_config_reg(bool force_on = false);
+  bool refresh_config_reg();
 
  protected:
-  float read_lx_();
-  void adjust_gain_(uint16_t als_raw_value);
+  // One measurement pass: reads the ALS counts, possibly adjusts the sensitivity and schedules a re-read,
+  // otherwise publishes the result
+  void read_and_publish_(uint8_t adjustments_left);
+  // Chooses a new sensitivity for the given ALS reading and writes it to the device.
+  // Returns true only if the device configuration was changed.
+  bool adjust_sensitivity_(uint16_t counts);
+  float counts_to_lux_(uint16_t counts) const;
 
-  bool auto_gain_{true};
-  bool power_on_{true};
+  // Overall sensitivity multiplier (1x-128x, always a power of two) relative to the least sensitive
+  // configuration (integration time 50 ms, gain 1x, digital gain 1x). ALS counts scale linearly with it.
+  uint16_t sensitivity_factor_() const;
+  void set_sensitivity_factor_(uint16_t factor);
+  uint8_t gain_factor_() const;
+  uint16_t integration_time_ms_() const { return 50 << this->integration_time_; }
+
+  // Members are ordered largest to smallest to minimize padding
   float auto_gain_threshold_high_{0.9};
   float auto_gain_threshold_low_{0.2};
   VEML3235ComponentDigitalGain digital_gain_{VEML3235_DIGITAL_GAIN_1X};
   VEML3235ComponentGain gain_{VEML3235_GAIN_1X};
   VEML3235ComponentIntegrationTime integration_time_{VEML3235_INTEGRATION_TIME_50MS};
+  bool auto_gain_{true};
+  bool measurement_in_progress_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::veml3235
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py b/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py
index 6ad2eb417f..4afca4b868 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/veml7700/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_INFRARED,
     CONF_INTEGRATION_TIME,
     CONF_NAME,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_6,
@@ -22,6 +25,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_LUX,
     UNIT_MILLISECOND,
 )
+from esphome.core import EnumValue
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ INTEGRATION_TIMES = {
 }
 
 
-def validate_integration_time(value):
+def validate_integration_time(value: Any) -> EnumValue:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(value).total_milliseconds
     return cv.enum(INTEGRATION_TIMES, int=True)(value)
 
@@ -91,7 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_6,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_7,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.h b/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.h
index a036bdf002..4a1e25fb8a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.h
+++ b/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.h
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ union PSMRegister {
   } __attribute__((packed));
 };
 
-class VEML7700Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class VEML7700Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   //
   // EspHome framework functions
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
index a55e18a5a7..cad239dc41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ICON_NEW_BOX,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 version_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("version")
 VersionTextSensor = version_ns.class_(
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_hide_hash(config[CONF_HIDE_HASH]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
index 34c7aae6bc..15e6b0d088 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ void VersionTextSensor::setup() {
   version_str[sizeof(version_str) - 1] = '\0';
   this->publish_state(version_str);
 }
-void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash) { this->hide_hash_ = hide_hash; }
-void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp) { this->hide_timestamp_ = hide_timestamp; }
 void VersionTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Version Text Sensor", this); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::version
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
index d2ca0ba6f6..96f72ad035 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ namespace esphome::version {
 
 class VersionTextSensor final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
-  void set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash);
-  void set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp);
+  void set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash) { this->hide_hash_ = hide_hash; }
+  void set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp) { this->hide_timestamp_ = hide_timestamp; }
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py
index 583d6ccca9..3029e0f77b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.core import TimePeriodMicroseconds
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_LONG_RANGE = "long_range"
 CONF_TIMING_BUDGET = "timing_budget"
 
 
-def check_keys(obj):
+def check_keys(obj: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if obj[CONF_ADDRESS] != 0x29 and CONF_ENABLE_PIN not in obj:
         msg = "Address other then 0x29 requires enable_pin definition to allow sensor\r"
         msg += "re-addressing. Also if you have more then one VL53 device on the same\r"
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ def check_keys(obj):
     return obj
 
 
-def check_timeout(value):
+def check_timeout(value: Any) -> TimePeriodMicroseconds:
     value = cv.positive_time_period_microseconds(value)
     if value.total_seconds > 60:
         raise cv.Invalid("Maximum timeout can not be greater then 60 seconds")
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_signal_rate_limit(config[CONF_SIGNAL_RATE_LIMIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h
index 7c916f4fde..0aa01685c4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ struct SequenceStepTimeouts {
 
 enum VcselPeriodType { VCSEL_PERIOD_PRE_RANGE, VCSEL_PERIOD_FINAL_RANGE };
 
-class VL53L0XSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class VL53L0XSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   VL53L0XSensor();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
index f41adfd8de..d30eaf4768 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_START,
     CONF_SPEAKER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio", "ring_buffer", "socket"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "microphone"]
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ ConnectedCondition = voice_assistant_ns.class_(
 Timer = voice_assistant_ns.struct("Timer")
 
 
-def tts_stream_validate(config):
+def tts_stream_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_SPEAKER not in config and (
         CONF_ON_TTS_STREAM_START in config or CONF_ON_TTS_STREAM_END in config
     ):
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -420,7 +423,12 @@ VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(VoiceAssis
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     if CONF_SILENCE_DETECTION in config:
@@ -434,7 +442,12 @@ async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "voice_assistant.stop", StopAction, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -443,7 +456,12 @@ async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_condition(
     "voice_assistant.is_running", IsRunningCondition, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def voice_assistant_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_is_running_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
@@ -452,7 +470,12 @@ async def voice_assistant_is_running_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg,
 @register_condition(
     "voice_assistant.connected", ConnectedCondition, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def voice_assistant_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def voice_assistant_connected_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
index f13ea39fa2..dba9b925d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
@@ -248,7 +248,13 @@ void VoiceAssistant::stream_api_audio_() {
       msg.data2_len = available2;
     }
 
-    this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+    if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+      // Keep the chunk exposed and retry next pass, the same shape as
+      // APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_(): the slice is only lost if
+      // the ring buffer overflows before the TCP buffer clears, instead of
+      // on every refusal. The api layer already reports the refusal at V.
+      return;
+    }
 
     this->audio_source_->consume(available);
     if (this->audio_source2_ != nullptr) {
@@ -477,7 +483,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::loop() {
 
           api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
           msg.success = true;
-          this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+          if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+            API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Announce-finished");
+          }
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -741,7 +749,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::signal_stop_() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Signaling stop");
   api::VoiceAssistantRequest msg;
   msg.start = false;
-  this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+  if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Stop request");
+  }
 }
 
 void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
@@ -753,7 +763,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
       return;
     api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
     msg.success = true;
-    this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
+    if (!this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Announce-finished");
+    }
   });
 }
 
@@ -978,11 +990,12 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
 void VoiceAssistant::on_audio(const api::VoiceAssistantAudio &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_SPEAKER  // We should never get to this function if there is no speaker anyway
   if ((this->speaker_ != nullptr) && (this->speaker_buffer_ != nullptr)) {
-    if (this->speaker_buffer_index_ + msg.data_len < SPEAKER_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+    if (this->speaker_buffer_index_ + msg.data_len <= SPEAKER_BUFFER_SIZE) {
       memcpy(this->speaker_buffer_ + this->speaker_buffer_index_, msg.data, msg.data_len);
       this->speaker_buffer_index_ += msg.data_len;
       this->speaker_buffer_size_ += msg.data_len;
       this->speaker_bytes_received_ += msg.data_len;
+      this->write_speaker_();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received audio: %u bytes from API", msg.data_len);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot receive audio, buffer is full");
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h
index 76b076a366..d46b089c2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h
@@ -81,12 +81,6 @@ struct Timer {
              this->id.c_str(), this->name.c_str(), this->total_seconds, this->seconds_left, YESNO(this->is_active));
     return buffer.data();
   }
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use to_str() instead. Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
-  std::string to_string() const {  // NOLINT
-    char buffer[TO_STR_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    return this->to_str(buffer);
-  }
 };
 
 struct WakeWord {
@@ -110,7 +104,7 @@ enum class MediaPlayerResponseState {
 };
 #endif
 
-class VoiceAssistant : public Component {
+class VoiceAssistant final : public Component {
  public:
   VoiceAssistant();
 
@@ -353,7 +347,7 @@ class VoiceAssistant : public Component {
 #endif
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, wake_word);
 
  public:
@@ -368,22 +362,22 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parent
   bool silence_detection_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StartContinuousAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StartContinuousAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->request_start(true, true); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
+template<typename... Ts> class StopAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->request_stop(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
+template<typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running() || this->parent_->is_continuous(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ConnectedCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<VoiceAssistant> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->get_api_connection() != nullptr; }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py
index b09e87e811..5e756d0057 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/button.py
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
 
-def AUTO_LOAD():
-    if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2040:
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    if CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_rp2:
         return []
     return ["socket"]
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_macaddr(*config[CONF_TARGET_MAC_ADDRESS].parts))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h
index 84bc26e064..cef60c54f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wake_on_lan/wake_on_lan.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
 #else
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::wake_on_lan {
 
-class WakeOnLanButton : public button::Button, public Component {
+class WakeOnLanButton final : public button::Button, public Component {
  public:
   void set_macaddr(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, uint8_t d, uint8_t e, uint8_t f);
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class WakeOnLanButton : public button::Button, public Component {
 #endif
   void press_action() override;
   uint16_t port_{9};
-  uint8_t macaddr_[6];
+  uint8_t macaddr_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::wake_on_lan
diff --git a/esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.cpp b/esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.cpp
index b05d7d4f6d..2063faeb91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "esp_idf_version.h"
 #include "esp_task_wdt.h"
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include "hardware/watchdog.h"
 #include "pico/stdlib.h"
 #endif
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void WatchdogManager::set_timeout_(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
   esp_task_wdt_reconfigure(&wdt_config);
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   watchdog_enable(timeout_ms, true);
 #endif
 }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ uint32_t WatchdogManager::get_timeout_() {
   timeout_ms = (uint32_t) CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_TIMEOUT_S * 1000;
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   timeout_ms = watchdog_get_count() / 1000;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py b/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py
index f3eec16a40..6bb2b2f8fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def water_heater_schema(
 @setup_entity("water_heater")
 async def setup_water_heater_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up the core water heater properties in C++."""
-    visual = config[CONF_VISUAL]
+    visual = config.get(CONF_VISUAL, {})
     if (min_temp := visual.get(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES")
         cg.add(var.set_visual_min_temperature_override(min_temp))
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
index 9ee8faadee..9862253ad9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
@@ -233,18 +233,6 @@ WaterHeaterTraits WaterHeater::get_traits() {
   return traits;
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-void WaterHeater::set_visual_min_temperature_override(float min_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = min_temperature_override;
-}
-void WaterHeater::set_visual_max_temperature_override(float max_temperature_override) {
-  this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = max_temperature_override;
-}
-void WaterHeater::set_visual_target_temperature_step_override(float visual_target_temperature_step_override) {
-  this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = visual_target_temperature_step_override;
-}
-#endif
-
 // Water heater mode strings indexed by WaterHeaterMode enum (0-6): OFF, ECO, ELECTRIC, PERFORMANCE, HIGH_DEMAND,
 // HEAT_PUMP, GAS
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(WaterHeaterModeStrings, "OFF", "ECO", "ELECTRIC", "PERFORMANCE", "HIGH_DEMAND", "HEAT_PUMP", "GAS",
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
index a1e1ca10a6..1255a68595 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
@@ -90,10 +90,6 @@ class WaterHeaterCall {
   float get_target_temperature() const { return this->target_temperature_; }
   float get_target_temperature_low() const { return this->target_temperature_low_; }
   float get_target_temperature_high() const { return this->target_temperature_high_; }
-  /// Get state flags value
-  ESPDEPRECATED("get_state() is deprecated, use get_away() and get_on() instead. (Removed in 2026.8.0)", "2026.2.0")
-  uint32_t get_state() const { return this->state_; }
-
   optional<bool> get_away() const {
     if (this->state_mask_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) {
       return (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) != 0;
@@ -187,6 +183,9 @@ class WaterHeaterTraits {
   const WaterHeaterModeMask &get_supported_modes() const { return this->supported_modes_; }
   bool supports_mode(WaterHeaterMode mode) const { return this->supported_modes_.count(mode); }
 
+  TemperatureUnit get_temperature_unit() const { return this->temperature_unit_; }
+  void set_temperature_unit(TemperatureUnit unit) { this->temperature_unit_ = unit; }
+
  protected:
   // Ordered to minimize padding: 4-byte members first
   uint32_t feature_flags_{0};
@@ -194,6 +193,7 @@ class WaterHeaterTraits {
   float max_temperature_{0.0f};
   float target_temperature_step_{0.0f};
   WaterHeaterModeMask supported_modes_;
+  TemperatureUnit temperature_unit_{TemperatureUnit::CELSIUS};
 };
 
 class WaterHeater : public EntityBase {
@@ -217,9 +217,15 @@ class WaterHeater : public EntityBase {
   virtual WaterHeaterCallInternal make_call() = 0;
 
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
-  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float min_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float max_temperature_override);
-  void set_visual_target_temperature_step_override(float visual_target_temperature_step_override);
+  void set_visual_min_temperature_override(float min_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = min_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_max_temperature_override(float max_temperature_override) {
+    this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = max_temperature_override;
+  }
+  void set_visual_target_temperature_step_override(float visual_target_temperature_step_override) {
+    this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = visual_target_temperature_step_override;
+  }
 #endif
   virtual void control(const WaterHeaterCall &call) = 0;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py
index 7ecc3b4a87..be87c62377 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESET_DURATION,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ MODELS = {
 RESET_PIN_REQUIRED_MODELS = ("2.13inv2", "2.13in-ttgo-b74")
 
 
-def validate_full_update_every_only_types_ac(value):
+def validate_full_update_every_only_types_ac(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY not in value:
         return value
     if MODELS[value[CONF_MODEL]][0] == "b":
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ def validate_full_update_every_only_types_ac(value):
     return value
 
 
-def validate_reset_pin_required(config):
+def validate_reset_pin_required(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_MODEL] in RESET_PIN_REQUIRED_MODELS and CONF_RESET_PIN not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"'{CONF_RESET_PIN}' is required for model {config[CONF_MODEL]}"
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model_type, model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     if model_type == "a":
         rhs = WaveshareEPaperTypeA.new(model)
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py
index b692b858a3..29a939c523 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@latonita"]
 
@@ -41,13 +43,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ WAVESHARE_IO_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003, WAVESHARE_IO_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def waveshare_io_pin_to_code(config):
+async def waveshare_io_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py
index 9af9ce7e4b..7438769928 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/output/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MAX_VALUE, CONF_MIN_VALUE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID,
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ DUTY_DEFAULT_MIN = 1
 DUTY_DEFAULT_MAX = 247
 
 
-def validate_pwm_limits(config):
+def validate_pwm_limits(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Validate that safe_pwm_levels.min_value <= safe_pwm_levels.max_value."""
 
     min_val = config.get(CONF_SAFE_PWM_LEVELS, {}).get(CONF_MIN_VALUE, DUTY_DEFAULT_MIN)
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await output.register_output(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py
index 1e060bdfe4..8ec2702da6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_WAVESHARE_IO_CH32V003_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
index 788bedec34..a50c14a2f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import base64
 import gzip
 import logging
+import re
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import web_server_base
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OTA,
     CONF_PASSWORD,
     CONF_PORT,
+    CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_USERNAME,
     CONF_VERSION,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
@@ -32,10 +36,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -43,9 +48,13 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["json", "web_server_base"]
 
+AUTH_TYPE_BASIC = "basic"
+AUTH_TYPE_DIGEST = "digest"
+
 CONF_SORTING_GROUP_ID = "sorting_group_id"
 CONF_SORTING_GROUPS = "sorting_groups"
 CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT = "sorting_weight"
+CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = "allowed_origins"
 
 
 web_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("web_server")
@@ -83,6 +92,19 @@ def validate_version_deprecated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
+def validate_auth_type_deprecated(auth: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Remove before 2027.1.0: the default auth scheme changes from basic to digest.
+    if CONF_TYPE not in auth:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The 'web_server' 'auth' scheme currently defaults to 'basic', which sends the "
+            "password over the network in an easily reversible form. The default will change "
+            "to 'digest' in ESPHome 2027.1.0. To keep using basic authentication, set "
+            "'type: basic' under 'auth:' explicitly; otherwise set 'type: digest' now to "
+            "adopt the more secure scheme."
+        )
+    return auth
+
+
 def validate_local(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_LOCAL in config and config[CONF_VERSION] == 1:
         raise cv.Invalid("'local' is not supported in version 1")
@@ -104,6 +126,41 @@ def validate_ota(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
+# An Origin header is always "scheme://host[:port]" with no path or trailing slash.
+_ORIGIN_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*://[^/\s]+$")
+
+
+def validate_origin(value: Any) -> str:
+    # "*" is the wildcard that allows any origin.
+    if value == "*":
+        return value
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    if not _ORIGIN_RE.match(value):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{value}' is not a valid origin. An origin must be 'scheme://host[:port]' with no "
+            f"path or trailing slash (e.g. 'https://example.com'), or '*' to allow any origin."
+        )
+    # Browsers send the scheme and host lowercased in the Origin header, so normalize to match.
+    return value.lower()
+
+
+def validate_private_network_access(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # PNA preflights are always cross-origin, so they can only be authorized against the
+    # allowed_origins list. Enabling PNA without any origins would deny every PNA request.
+    if (
+        config[CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS]
+        and config.get(CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS) is None
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS}' must be set when "
+            f"'{CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS}' is enabled. List each origin that is "
+            f"allowed to reach the device (e.g. 'https://example.com'). '*' allows any origin "
+            f"but is not recommended.",
+            path=[CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
 def validate_sorting_groups(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_SORTING_GROUPS in config and config[CONF_VERSION] != 3:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -138,7 +195,7 @@ def _validate_no_sorting_component(
                     )
 
 
-def _final_validate_sorting(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+def _final_validate_sorting(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if (webserver_version := config.get(CONF_VERSION)) != 3:
         _validate_no_sorting_component(
             CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT, webserver_version, fv.full_config.get()
@@ -146,7 +203,6 @@ def _final_validate_sorting(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         _validate_no_sorting_component(
             CONF_SORTING_GROUP_ID, webserver_version, fv.full_config.get()
         )
-    return config
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate_sorting
@@ -172,7 +228,9 @@ sorting_group = {
 
 WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_WEB_SERVER): cv.Schema(
+        # The per-entity web_server block is cosmetic dashboard ordering —
+        # mark the whole block advanced; the children inherit via the cascade.
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WEB_SERVER, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED): cv.Schema(
             {
                 cv.OnlyWith(CONF_WEB_SERVER_ID, "web_server"): cv.use_id(WebServer),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT): cv.All(
@@ -199,16 +257,25 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_CSS_INCLUDE): cv.file_,
             cv.Optional(CONF_JS_URL): cv.string,
             cv.Optional(CONF_JS_INCLUDE): cv.file_,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_AUTH): cv.Schema(
-                {
-                    cv.Required(CONF_USERNAME): cv.All(
-                        cv.string_strict, cv.Length(min=1)
-                    ),
-                    cv.Required(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.sensitive(
-                        cv.All(cv.string_strict, cv.Length(min=1))
-                    ),
-                }
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS): cv.All(
+                cv.ensure_list(validate_origin), cv.Length(min=1)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_AUTH): cv.All(
+                cv.Schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.Required(CONF_USERNAME): cv.All(
+                            cv.string_strict, cv.Length(min=1)
+                        ),
+                        cv.Required(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.sensitive(
+                            cv.All(cv.string_strict, cv.Length(min=1))
+                        ),
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(
+                            AUTH_TYPE_BASIC, AUTH_TYPE_DIGEST, lower=True
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+                validate_auth_type_deprecated,
             ),
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID): cv.use_id(
                 web_server_base.WebServerBase
@@ -227,7 +294,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             PLATFORM_ESP8266,
             PLATFORM_BK72XX,
             PLATFORM_LN882X,
-            PLATFORM_RP2040,
+            PLATFORM_RP2,
             PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
         ]
     ),
@@ -236,11 +303,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_local,
     validate_sorting_groups,
     validate_ota,
+    validate_private_network_access,
     _consume_web_server_sockets,
 )
 
 
-def add_sorting_groups(web_server_var, config):
+def add_sorting_groups(web_server_var: MockObj, config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for group in config:
         sorting_groups[group[CONF_ID]] = group[CONF_NAME]
         group_sorting_weight = group.get(CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT, 50)
@@ -251,7 +319,7 @@ def add_sorting_groups(web_server_var, config):
         )
 
 
-async def add_entity_config(entity, config):
+async def add_entity_config(entity: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     web_server = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_ID])
     sorting_weight = config.get(CONF_SORTING_WEIGHT, 50)
     sorting_group_hash = hash(config.get(CONF_SORTING_GROUP_ID))
@@ -266,7 +334,7 @@ async def add_entity_config(entity, config):
     )
 
 
-def build_index_html(config) -> str:
+def build_index_html(config: ConfigType) -> str:
     html = "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset=UTF-8><link rel=icon href=data:>"
     css_include = config.get(CONF_CSS_INCLUDE)
     js_include = config.get(CONF_JS_INCLUDE)
@@ -300,7 +368,7 @@ def add_resource_as_progmem(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], paren)
@@ -332,10 +400,29 @@ async def to_code(config):
         request_log_listener()  # Request a log listener slot for web server log streaming
     if config[CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS]:
         cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS")
-    if CONF_AUTH in config:
+    if (allowed_origins := config.get(CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS)) is not None:
+        cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_ALLOWED_ORIGINS")
+        cg.add(var.set_allowed_origins(allowed_origins))
+    if (auth := config.get(CONF_AUTH)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
-        cg.add(paren.set_auth_username(config[CONF_AUTH][CONF_USERNAME]))
-        cg.add(paren.set_auth_password(config[CONF_AUTH][CONF_PASSWORD]))
+        # The scheme is fixed at build time so the unused Basic/Digest code path is compiled
+        # out. Basic is the current default (the absence of this define); an explicit
+        # 'type: digest' opts in early. Default changes to digest in 2027.1.0.
+        is_digest = auth.get(CONF_TYPE) == AUTH_TYPE_DIGEST
+        if is_digest:
+            cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+        if is_digest or CORE.is_esp32:
+            cg.add(paren.set_auth_username(auth[CONF_USERNAME]))
+            cg.add(paren.set_auth_password(auth[CONF_PASSWORD]))
+        else:
+            # Every non-ESP32 basic auth build takes this path. The ESP8266 and RP2040
+            # core base64 encoders wrap output every 72 chars, which breaks
+            # ESPAsyncWebServer's basic auth compare for long credentials.
+            # Precompute the hash here and let C++ compare the raw header payload.
+            basic_hash = base64.b64encode(
+                f"{auth[CONF_USERNAME]}:{auth[CONF_PASSWORD]}".encode()
+            ).decode()
+            cg.add(paren.set_auth_basic_hash(basic_hash))
     if CONF_CSS_INCLUDE in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_CSS_INCLUDE")
         path = CORE.relative_config_path(config[CONF_CSS_INCLUDE])
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
index 3edb84f555..dc32cbd1ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
 #undef ENTITY_TYPE_
 #undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
   // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
-  bool completed() { return this->state_ == IteratorState::NONE; }
 
  protected:
   const WebServer *web_server_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py
index 260e6aea6d..03a5c2ca9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _web_server_ota_final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB_SERVER_OTA)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ota_to_code(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
index 9812714ec0..95763e2daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ void WebServerOTAComponent::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  // AsyncWebServer takes ownership of the handler and will delete it when the server is destroyed
+  // The handler lives for the life of the process; WebServerBase never destroys its server
   base->add_handler(new OTARequestHandler(this));  // NOLINT
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
index ac2195f387..0c1a6c7f79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
@@ -10,1308 +10,1310 @@ namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xed, 0x7d, 0xd9, 0x72, 0xdb, 0x48, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0xf3,
-    0xd4, 0x57, 0x40, 0x28, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x2c, 0x26, 0xc1, 0x45, 0x92, 0x2d, 0x83, 0x4a, 0xb2, 0x65, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x76,
-    0x97, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0xec, 0xda, 0x58, 0x6c, 0x09, 0x02, 0x92, 0x44, 0x96, 0x41, 0x80, 0x05, 0x24, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x89,
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+    0x0f, 0x40, 0xc6, 0x7b, 0xc2, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x46, 0xd8, 0xb8, 0x99, 0xc4, 0x58, 0x68, 0x4c, 0xf7, 0x50, 0x88, 0x24,
+    0xb8, 0x76, 0xf7, 0xd0, 0xb6, 0xa4, 0x4d, 0x2c, 0x7e, 0xf7, 0xa5, 0x38, 0x15, 0x4a, 0x80, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0xba, 0x87,
+    0x51, 0xd7, 0x7d, 0x7c, 0xfd, 0xc8, 0x3d, 0x8a, 0x3a, 0x8f, 0xae, 0x9b, 0xf0, 0x6f, 0xd7, 0x7d, 0x1c, 0x37, 0xbb,
+    0xee, 0x63, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xdb, 0x03, 0xf7, 0x30, 0x6a, 0x76, 0xdc, 0xa3, 0xeb, 0x7d, 0x77, 0xff, 0x65, 0xa7, 0xeb,
+    0xee, 0x5b, 0x1d, 0x4b, 0xb6, 0x03, 0x76, 0x2d, 0xb9, 0xf3, 0x83, 0x95, 0x0d, 0xb1, 0x21, 0x18, 0x27, 0xcf, 0xf6,
+    0xd9, 0x58, 0x1c, 0xc7, 0x36, 0xf7, 0xa7, 0x72, 0xd6, 0x3d, 0xf5, 0x33, 0xf8, 0x88, 0x6a, 0x7d, 0xef, 0xd6, 0xde,
+    0xe1, 0x1a, 0xbf, 0xd8, 0x30, 0xc4, 0x54, 0x44, 0xc0, 0xcd, 0x6b, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0xb8, 0x2e, 0x4f, 0x7e, 0x76, 0x4a,
+    0x45, 0xc1, 0xca, 0xec, 0x22, 0x83, 0xac, 0x65, 0x0d, 0x48, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0xb8, 0x9a, 0x3f, 0x5a, 0xd1, 0x79,
+    0x06, 0x57, 0x21, 0x68, 0x5e, 0xc2, 0xc4, 0xc7, 0xff, 0x04, 0x0c, 0x2f, 0xc2, 0x62, 0x15, 0x3c, 0x38, 0x81, 0x98,
+    0xa5, 0xc6, 0xc5, 0x77, 0xb4, 0xca, 0x01, 0x08, 0x19, 0x5c, 0x55, 0x58, 0x14, 0x7a, 0x66, 0x35, 0x2f, 0x6e, 0x85,
+    0x44, 0xc1, 0x4e, 0x68, 0x3e, 0xb0, 0xa1, 0xc8, 0xf6, 0x6c, 0xe1, 0x01, 0xb4, 0xcb, 0xef, 0xcc, 0x96, 0x74, 0x5f,
+    0x15, 0x60, 0x71, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x6c, 0x6a, 0x40, 0x9f, 0x8d, 0xf6, 0xf6, 0xb6, 0x6e, 0x27, 0xa1, 0x5f, 0xc2, 0xd4,
+    0xaa, 0xcf, 0x53, 0x9a, 0x9c, 0xca, 0x36, 0xd7, 0xa1, 0xec, 0x57, 0x60, 0x18, 0x29, 0xb4, 0x5c, 0x51, 0x9f, 0xbb,
+    0x7e, 0x22, 0x0f, 0x18, 0x18, 0xfc, 0x0c, 0x77, 0xe8, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x52, 0xee, 0xcb, 0x9c, 0x31, 0x93, 0x0d, 0xa4,
+    0xdc, 0xd7, 0xd7, 0x38, 0xf9, 0xbc, 0x76, 0x84, 0x3f, 0xea, 0xf6, 0xdf, 0xbc, 0x3f, 0xb1, 0xe4, 0xee, 0x3d, 0x6e,
+    0x45, 0xdd, 0xfe, 0xb1, 0x70, 0xa9, 0xc8, 0xac, 0x00, 0x22, 0xb3, 0x02, 0x2c, 0x75, 0x7f, 0x0d, 0x04, 0xda, 0x8a,
+    0x96, 0x9c, 0xb6, 0x30, 0x29, 0xa4, 0x33, 0x78, 0x32, 0x8b, 0x39, 0x83, 0xcf, 0x2b, 0xb5, 0x44, 0x4a, 0x80, 0x48,
+    0x31, 0xd0, 0xc7, 0x61, 0x95, 0xf2, 0x78, 0xc5, 0x13, 0xed, 0x3a, 0x1e, 0xb1, 0x98, 0xea, 0x03, 0xb0, 0xaa, 0xab,
+    0x32, 0x1f, 0x68, 0xbd, 0x76, 0x3e, 0xbb, 0x82, 0x9c, 0x08, 0x9d, 0x7d, 0xf4, 0x41, 0x35, 0x38, 0x16, 0x43, 0x41,
+    0x60, 0x5f, 0x4a, 0x71, 0xfd, 0x21, 0xd9, 0xfa, 0x92, 0xaa, 0xd9, 0x2b, 0x01, 0x02, 0x97, 0x86, 0x44, 0xfb, 0xfd,
+    0xd2, 0x9b, 0x6c, 0xbe, 0x2b, 0x8e, 0x5b, 0xd1, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xd2, 0x1b, 0xab, 0xfe, 0x5e, 0xa6, 0xe3, 0xcd, 0x7d,
+    0xc5, 0xe9, 0x78, 0x20, 0x4e, 0xe4, 0xcb, 0xdb, 0xa5, 0xb4, 0x6e, 0x9c, 0xc6, 0x76, 0xff, 0x58, 0xe9, 0x0a, 0x96,
+    0x88, 0xba, 0xdb, 0x87, 0x6d, 0x7d, 0xc8, 0x3f, 0x4e, 0xc7, 0xb0, 0x5f, 0x65, 0x13, 0x63, 0x90, 0x9a, 0x43, 0x3e,
+    0xea, 0xf4, 0x8f, 0x7d, 0x4b, 0xb0, 0x1e, 0xc1, 0x5b, 0x72, 0xaf, 0x05, 0x8d, 0xa3, 0x74, 0x42, 0x5d, 0x96, 0xb6,
+    0xe6, 0xf4, 0xaa, 0xe9, 0x4f, 0x59, 0xe5, 0xfd, 0x06, 0x9d, 0xa4, 0x1c, 0x32, 0x5d, 0xc9, 0xc0, 0xea, 0x56, 0xde,
+    0xb8, 0x03, 0x30, 0x89, 0xb4, 0xe7, 0x4e, 0xb8, 0xec, 0x0c, 0xb0, 0xd2, 0xfe, 0x71, 0xcb, 0x5f, 0xc1, 0x88, 0xd8,
+    0x8a, 0x85, 0xf2, 0xc3, 0x83, 0xdd, 0x73, 0x25, 0xd2, 0xbf, 0xa4, 0xb4, 0xd0, 0xfe, 0x7a, 0x25, 0xc7, 0x0b, 0xbb,
+    0xff, 0xaf, 0xff, 0xe3, 0x7f, 0x29, 0x17, 0xfc, 0x71, 0x2b, 0xea, 0xe8, 0xbe, 0x56, 0x56, 0xa5, 0x38, 0x86, 0x2b,
+    0x73, 0xaa, 0x98, 0x31, 0xbd, 0x69, 0x8e, 0x33, 0x16, 0x36, 0x23, 0x3f, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xd8, 0x94, 0xe9,
+    0x89, 0x4d, 0x1d, 0x6d, 0x5d, 0x2f, 0x02, 0x7a, 0xfd, 0x4d, 0xf7, 0x3f, 0xe8, 0x8c, 0x2f, 0xb1, 0xb5, 0xcd, 0xdb,
+    0x20, 0xaa, 0xdd, 0x57, 0xbb, 0x11, 0x22, 0x57, 0x5f, 0xa7, 0x56, 0x0c, 0x32, 0xaf, 0x5d, 0x04, 0x51, 0xd8, 0x56,
+    0x19, 0xf3, 0xfa, 0xbf, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xbf, 0xfc, 0x37, 0xfd, 0x08, 0xa1, 0xac, 0x7f, 0xfd, 0xef, 0xff, 0xf9, 0xff,
+    0xfc, 0xef, 0xff, 0x0a, 0xe9, 0x69, 0x2a, 0xdc, 0x25, 0x98, 0x8a, 0x55, 0xc5, 0xba, 0x24, 0x77, 0xb1, 0xe0, 0xd0,
+    0xdb, 0x84, 0xe5, 0x9c, 0x05, 0xf5, 0xab, 0x21, 0xce, 0xc4, 0x80, 0x62, 0x67, 0x2a, 0xe8, 0xc4, 0x0e, 0x2f, 0x2a,
+    0x82, 0xaa, 0xa1, 0x5c, 0x10, 0x6e, 0x71, 0xdc, 0x02, 0x7c, 0xdf, 0xef, 0x66, 0x1b, 0xb7, 0x5c, 0x8e, 0x85, 0x26,
+    0x13, 0x28, 0x29, 0xaa, 0x72, 0x0b, 0x42, 0x2f, 0x0b, 0x78, 0xf4, 0xba, 0x46, 0xb1, 0x58, 0xbd, 0x5a, 0x9b, 0xde,
+    0xcf, 0xb3, 0x9c, 0xb3, 0x11, 0xa0, 0x5c, 0xba, 0x91, 0x45, 0x94, 0xbb, 0x09, 0xaa, 0x64, 0x7c, 0x5b, 0x88, 0x5e,
+    0x24, 0x81, 0x1e, 0x1c, 0xfd, 0xa9, 0xf8, 0xf3, 0x04, 0x14, 0x36, 0xcb, 0x99, 0xf8, 0x37, 0xca, 0x7a, 0x7f, 0xd8,
+    0x6e, 0x4f, 0x6f, 0xd0, 0xa2, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x6f, 0x1b, 0x4c, 0xd0, 0xb1, 0xd9, 0xa1, 0x08, 0x8f, 0x97, 0x5e, 0xee,
+    0xb6, 0x05, 0xae, 0x72, 0xab, 0x5d, 0x14, 0x5f, 0x2d, 0x84, 0xa3, 0x95, 0xfd, 0x0a, 0x61, 0x6c, 0xe5, 0x93, 0xbe,
+    0x4a, 0xcd, 0xc9, 0x2d, 0x8c, 0x56, 0x5d, 0xd9, 0x2a, 0xea, 0xac, 0x5f, 0x12, 0x63, 0x86, 0xe1, 0xcd, 0x00, 0xfa,
+    0x01, 0x84, 0xc4, 0xa3, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0xba, 0x8b, 0xb2, 0x7b, 0xce, 0xd3, 0x89, 0x19, 0x77, 0xa7, 0x3e, 0x0d, 0xe8,
+    0x48, 0xfb, 0xf2, 0xd5, 0x7b, 0x19, 0x53, 0x2f, 0xa2, 0xfd, 0x0d, 0x63, 0x29, 0x90, 0x44, 0xbc, 0xdd, 0x6a, 0x17,
+    0x5f, 0xc2, 0x0e, 0x5c, 0x8c, 0xe2, 0xd4, 0xe7, 0x9e, 0x20, 0xd8, 0x9e, 0x19, 0xbd, 0xf7, 0x81, 0x27, 0xa5, 0x0b,
+    0x03, 0x9e, 0x9e, 0xac, 0x0a, 0x5e, 0xf5, 0xfa, 0x65, 0x91, 0x85, 0x2b, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x5d, 0x49, 0xa7, 0xdc, 0x77,
+    0x2a, 0x28, 0xfe, 0xbc, 0xe6, 0xcd, 0x52, 0x02, 0xa9, 0x8b, 0x36, 0xbf, 0x97, 0x62, 0x5f, 0xbe, 0xfd, 0x9e, 0x3b,
+    0xb6, 0x00, 0xd3, 0x5e, 0xad, 0x25, 0x0a, 0xa1, 0xd6, 0x73, 0xf2, 0x5d, 0x69, 0x51, 0xf9, 0xd3, 0xa9, 0xa8, 0x88,
+    0x7a, 0xc7, 0x2d, 0xa9, 0x08, 0x03, 0xf7, 0x10, 0x19, 0x1f, 0x32, 0xc1, 0x42, 0x55, 0x52, 0x5b, 0x41, 0xfe, 0x52,
+    0xa9, 0x17, 0xf0, 0xd5, 0xf2, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x03, 0x0c, 0xbd, 0x72, 0x0a, 0x4e, 0x98, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1b, 0xe2, 0x97, 0xa3, 0x90, 0xa2, 0x95, 0x55, 0x51, 0x04, 0x1b, 0x07, 0x80, 0x20, 0x79, 0x0e, 0x50, 0xab, 0x02,
-    0xdb, 0x98, 0x16, 0xf4, 0x7b, 0x22, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0xd3, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x26, 0x48, 0x49, 0x60, 0xbe, 0xb3, 0xc9, 0xa1,
-    0x8c, 0x96, 0x10, 0x1b, 0x21, 0xcf, 0x48, 0x68, 0xce, 0x10, 0x34, 0x32, 0x7c, 0xbf, 0x71, 0x7b, 0x03, 0x8f, 0xdd,
-    0x37, 0x06, 0x9a, 0x30, 0x50, 0xe4, 0x08, 0x47, 0x68, 0xec, 0x93, 0xdc, 0x7d, 0x53, 0xf5, 0x4f, 0xd7, 0x8a, 0xcf,
-    0x2f, 0x85, 0x3a, 0x6c, 0xa9, 0x63, 0xcb, 0xf5, 0xc8, 0x18, 0xe3, 0xf5, 0xdb, 0x0c, 0x05, 0x9b, 0x48, 0x2c, 0x42,
-    0x21, 0xa0, 0x2c, 0x25, 0xf7, 0xcb, 0xb7, 0xaa, 0x65, 0xd5, 0x7f, 0x3e, 0x2f, 0x94, 0x2b, 0x53, 0xa7, 0x0f, 0x4e,
-    0x56, 0xa9, 0xf7, 0xce, 0x54, 0x88, 0x39, 0xef, 0xea, 0x3d, 0x69, 0x56, 0xd0, 0x52, 0x96, 0x0a, 0x5b, 0x35, 0xd4,
-    0x42, 0xd6, 0x35, 0x10, 0xf3, 0x7f, 0xec, 0x95, 0xd3, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x22, 0x6a, 0xd6, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x7b, 0x5a,
-    0xdd, 0x33, 0x58, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x33, 0xd6, 0x61, 0x05, 0xf5, 0x08, 0xa9, 0x10, 0x32, 0xf5, 0xdc, 0x04, 0x59, 0x72,
-    0x41, 0xf4, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x08, 0x08, 0x9b, 0xcc, 0xf3, 0x2d, 0x71, 0xb4, 0x1c, 0xe3, 0x04, 0x64, 0x9a, 0x96, 0x5b,
-    0x16, 0x58, 0xed, 0xbf, 0x37, 0xd5, 0x2a, 0x6d, 0x80, 0x66, 0xcf, 0xba, 0xd4, 0xb8, 0xd4, 0x38, 0x65, 0x10, 0x57,
-    0x3a, 0xe7, 0x93, 0xe0, 0x82, 0x90, 0x78, 0xef, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x96, 0xed, 0x30, 0x44, 0x77, 0x13, 0x3b, 0x70, 0x92,
-    0xe8, 0xb0, 0xf4, 0x25, 0x5a, 0xc9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbb, 0x01, 0x76, 0x03, 0x94, 0x16, 0x20, 0xa5, 0x2d, 0x8a, 0xe2,
-    0x56, 0x51, 0xd4, 0xdc, 0x18, 0xcb, 0x99, 0xb3, 0x4e, 0x3b, 0x55, 0x67, 0x5d, 0x64, 0xa3, 0xc4, 0xf8, 0xec, 0x2a,
-    0xb7, 0x51, 0x68, 0x6c, 0x7a, 0xd9, 0x85, 0x97, 0x9e, 0xcb, 0x61, 0x26, 0xbe, 0xeb, 0x3a, 0x6b, 0xe5, 0x38, 0xd8,
-    0x63, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0xba, 0xbe, 0xbd, 0x1d, 0xe3, 0xc4, 0x11, 0xa3, 0x08, 0xc4, 0xfe, 0x26, 0x3a, 0xfb, 0x01, 0x5d,
-    0xb4, 0xfc, 0x1d, 0x78, 0xca, 0xb2, 0xac, 0x61, 0x39, 0x21, 0xe5, 0x6b, 0x5a, 0x70, 0x76, 0x57, 0x91, 0x4c, 0x8c,
-    0x3d, 0x0e, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x41, 0x1c, 0xda, 0x62, 0xd2, 0xf1, 0x25, 0xce, 0x03, 0xf4, 0xfa, 0x3b, 0xc1, 0xc4, 0xed,
-    0xc1, 0xdf, 0x8f, 0xe1, 0xc0, 0x0e, 0x34, 0x72, 0x3c, 0xb3, 0x3f, 0xfa, 0xc0, 0xe6, 0xcd, 0xf4, 0x01, 0x19, 0xf4,
-    0x28, 0x5b, 0xde, 0x02, 0x6e, 0xa2, 0x24, 0x59, 0x76, 0x94, 0x8d, 0x00, 0x35, 0xab, 0xbe, 0xd9, 0xc0, 0xfb, 0xfa,
-    0x97, 0x4f, 0x8f, 0x6e, 0xa4, 0x28, 0x0a, 0xfd, 0x43, 0xd9, 0xf2, 0xb2, 0xc2, 0x75, 0x49, 0x97, 0x8c, 0xcd, 0x61,
-    0xb3, 0x64, 0x52, 0x1e, 0x46, 0x1e, 0xa2, 0xe0, 0xb5, 0x26, 0xd3, 0xf5, 0x3c, 0x9e, 0x19, 0x32, 0x45, 0xb9, 0x28,
-    0xf5, 0x40, 0xcf, 0xa5, 0xf1, 0xcd, 0x8d, 0x29, 0x55, 0xe3, 0x2c, 0x43, 0x12, 0xa2, 0x4d, 0x37, 0xda, 0x94, 0x3e,
-    0x49, 0x88, 0x4f, 0x2c, 0xa5, 0x67, 0xbe, 0xb7, 0x75, 0x28, 0xb8, 0x2f, 0x0d, 0x75, 0xce, 0x87, 0x3f, 0xe3, 0x30,
-    0x5a, 0x25, 0x92, 0x30, 0xd3, 0x2d, 0x45, 0xca, 0xe5, 0x49, 0xc7, 0x4d, 0x13, 0x95, 0xa5, 0x9f, 0x7f, 0x2d, 0x49,
-    0x46, 0x5a, 0x49, 0x11, 0x12, 0xd2, 0xdd, 0x38, 0x3c, 0x31, 0x63, 0x5e, 0xb6, 0xe6, 0xde, 0xcd, 0xcd, 0x6d, 0x67,
-    0x46, 0x53, 0x16, 0x86, 0xd4, 0xad, 0x07, 0xac, 0xdb, 0xd7, 0x9f, 0x48, 0xcc, 0xa6, 0x4d, 0x9f, 0x6c, 0x8b, 0xf2,
-    0xcb, 0xcd, 0x1b, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0x39, 0x37, 0x4d, 0xcd, 0x80, 0x9b, 0x19, 0x67, 0x64, 0x70, 0xb0, 0x38, 0x00, 0x9f,
-    0xab, 0x26, 0xca, 0xb7, 0xbb, 0x55, 0x50, 0xcf, 0x31, 0x65, 0x12, 0xb6, 0x2b, 0x36, 0x9d, 0x17, 0x2b, 0x50, 0xd1,
-    0x13, 0x72, 0x80, 0x7f, 0x88, 0x62, 0xe4, 0xee, 0x40, 0xb7, 0x56, 0xd2, 0x66, 0xa3, 0xb0, 0x0e, 0x31, 0xeb, 0x9a,
-    0x27, 0xc1, 0xd5, 0x7b, 0x63, 0xb3, 0x84, 0x1b, 0xc8, 0xbf, 0x35, 0x29, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0xd0, 0x66, 0x03, 0x2a, 0x3e,
-    0xb9, 0x79, 0x4c, 0x16, 0x01, 0xaa, 0xe8, 0x0e, 0x01, 0x1c, 0x73, 0x05, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x9c, 0x23, 0xb8, 0x18, 0x78,
-    0xc5, 0xcd, 0x53, 0x7f, 0xb4, 0x61, 0xb8, 0x11, 0xa4, 0xcd, 0xc6, 0x27, 0x27, 0xb6, 0xae, 0x51, 0x01, 0x1d, 0xec,
-    0xe4, 0x6b, 0x99, 0xe4, 0xdb, 0x2d, 0xbb, 0x66, 0x38, 0x54, 0xf5, 0xf2, 0xba, 0xc3, 0x24, 0x41, 0xfa, 0xae, 0x46,
-    0x43, 0xdd, 0xfd, 0x9d, 0x0d, 0x52, 0x98, 0x1c, 0x7f, 0xab, 0x29, 0x83, 0x0f, 0xb9, 0x11, 0xe0, 0xd3, 0x49, 0x86,
-    0xef, 0xbb, 0xdf, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x76, 0x11, 0x07, 0x48, 0x7f, 0x86, 0x4c, 0x3a, 0x84, 0xf5, 0xb6, 0x32, 0x54, 0x59,
-    0xed, 0xd5, 0xf1, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0x39, 0x2d, 0x10, 0x85, 0x11, 0xd2, 0xef, 0x72, 0xcb, 0xd2, 0x8f, 0xf2, 0x2e, 0x7c,
-    0x9b, 0x28, 0xa6, 0x07, 0x7f, 0x7a, 0x7c, 0x43, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x3f, 0xe5, 0x98, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x63, 0xad, 0xd9, 0x90,
-    0x34, 0x84, 0x30, 0xf9, 0x53, 0x6e, 0xea, 0xe3, 0x5f, 0x36, 0x39, 0xe7, 0x26, 0x49, 0xf0, 0xe9, 0xe7, 0x32, 0x50,
-    0x58, 0x41, 0x1e, 0xaa, 0x98, 0x6f, 0x6b, 0xfa, 0x94, 0x4b, 0x20, 0x01, 0x84, 0x2a, 0x32, 0x84, 0x73, 0x5a, 0x39,
-    0x4a, 0x57, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0x86, 0xa4, 0xb2, 0x77, 0x99, 0xe5, 0xdd, 0x44, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0xde, 0x5b, 0x94, 0x7e, 0xec,
-    0x53, 0xdd, 0x67, 0xb8, 0x8d, 0xbb, 0x1d, 0x65, 0xf4, 0xe8, 0xe4, 0x73, 0x3d, 0xbc, 0xba, 0xd9, 0x30, 0xbe, 0x1f,
-    0xeb, 0x0b, 0x21, 0xaf, 0x24, 0x9a, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x0a, 0xbf, 0xfe, 0xfa, 0x06, 0x14, 0x59, 0x76, 0x6d, 0x97, 0x7e,
-    0xe0, 0x70, 0x8c, 0x41, 0x28, 0xac, 0x0b, 0xad, 0x4b, 0xb5, 0xbb, 0x54, 0xeb, 0x0d, 0x05, 0x24, 0xc7, 0xad, 0x04,
-    0xfb, 0x9b, 0x12, 0x44, 0xec, 0x20, 0x03, 0xff, 0xba, 0x91, 0xa0, 0x50, 0xba, 0x24, 0xed, 0x9c, 0x96, 0x7e, 0xef,
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+    0x70, 0x58, 0x64, 0xc4, 0xa5, 0x09, 0x80, 0xcf, 0x29, 0x6c, 0x6b, 0xff, 0x1e, 0x94, 0x2f, 0x5b, 0x17, 0x3d, 0xc8,
+    0xd4, 0x45, 0x20, 0x74, 0x32, 0x8b, 0x05, 0x2a, 0xc3, 0xe5, 0xf0, 0xfb, 0xd4, 0x61, 0xaf, 0xa9, 0xd3, 0x4e, 0x91,
+    0xc4, 0x5d, 0x9a, 0x69, 0xe8, 0xfb, 0x61, 0xdd, 0xdb, 0x34, 0xa9, 0xd8, 0x11, 0x78, 0x6b, 0x19, 0xcf, 0x42, 0xbb,
+    0x51, 0x8c, 0x7d, 0x40, 0xde, 0xc8, 0xd0, 0xf9, 0x7f, 0x1b, 0x9b, 0x7e, 0xe0, 0x17, 0x9e, 0xa6, 0xcf, 0x9c, 0xf4,
+    0xf3, 0xb0, 0x20, 0xbb, 0xc1, 0x4e, 0x45, 0x61, 0x45, 0x89, 0x2f, 0x50, 0x65, 0x53, 0x0d, 0xdd, 0x6b, 0x51, 0x28,
+    0x92, 0x14, 0x72, 0x74, 0x61, 0x3c, 0xb9, 0x3c, 0x49, 0xb6, 0x5a, 0x46, 0xa5, 0x48, 0x12, 0xae, 0x4d, 0x48, 0xd6,
+    0x09, 0x25, 0xda, 0xe7, 0xb1, 0xce, 0x48, 0xda, 0x8c, 0x0b, 0x76, 0xd6, 0x82, 0x6b, 0x53, 0xbb, 0xb9, 0x38, 0x65,
+    0x1e, 0x6a, 0xfe, 0x44, 0x15, 0xa6, 0xcc, 0x9a, 0xa7, 0xb2, 0x36, 0xb9, 0x6a, 0xc8, 0x34, 0xf2, 0xa1, 0xbe, 0x0f,
+    0xa9, 0x5e, 0x1c, 0x4e, 0x44, 0xc9, 0xf5, 0x89, 0x4b, 0x07, 0x00, 0xc4, 0x70, 0x9c, 0xf9, 0x65, 0xc9, 0x41, 0x14,
+    0x70, 0xa2, 0x94, 0x29, 0xd9, 0x32, 0xb8, 0x1f, 0xc0, 0xbe, 0xb2, 0x1d, 0x05, 0x4a, 0xe6, 0xd8, 0x71, 0xed, 0x6f,
+    0x4a, 0x48, 0x01, 0xfb, 0xa9, 0x92, 0x83, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x86, 0xea, 0x1c, 0xcc, 0x1d, 0x69, 0x17, 0xde, 0x57, 0x0c,
+    0x5d, 0x9c, 0x8b, 0x22, 0x12, 0x2a, 0x09, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x9f, 0x17, 0x29, 0xec, 0x63, 0x42, 0xf4, 0x94, 0x43,
+    0x54, 0x6a, 0xb5, 0x55, 0x0e, 0xf2, 0x82, 0x69, 0x63, 0x2a, 0xfb, 0x48, 0x1a, 0x40, 0xfc, 0x24, 0x6e, 0x50, 0xaa,
+    0x6a, 0x9d, 0x76, 0x2b, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0x1a, 0x39, 0xb8, 0x6a, 0xbf, 0x31, 0xad, 0x2a, 0xb0, 0x13, 0x72, 0x2a, 0xa7,
+    0x61, 0xeb, 0x4e, 0xc6, 0xbf, 0xdd, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0xbf, 0xfc, 0xb2, 0x14, 0x95, 0x60, 0x84, 0xcc, 0x64, 0x80, 0x6f,
+    0x84, 0x10, 0xbc, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x3d, 0x54, 0xb6, 0x45, 0x1c, 0x47, 0x1d, 0x87, 0x15, 0x24, 0x10, 0xe6, 0x73, 0xb9,
+    0x3b, 0x5b, 0x8d, 0x2e, 0xf6, 0xee, 0xa8, 0x7c, 0x95, 0x27, 0x89, 0x55, 0xc1, 0x4e, 0x49, 0xf1, 0x31, 0x00, 0x58,
+    0x92, 0x27, 0x82, 0x15, 0xe4, 0x8e, 0x37, 0x0d, 0x7c, 0x98, 0xf0, 0x24, 0xf9, 0xbf, 0xbe, 0x09, 0xfc, 0x4c, 0x71,
+    0xc9, 0xf2, 0x6d, 0x79, 0x30, 0x59, 0xce, 0x56, 0x2d, 0x05, 0x44, 0x23, 0x02, 0x13, 0x87, 0x7c, 0x9c, 0x5f, 0x27,
+    0xd9, 0xbb, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0xa9, 0xf9, 0xa0, 0x27, 0x34, 0xcf, 0xfc, 0x26, 0x34, 0xf4, 0xb8, 0x52, 0x05, 0x5a, 0x02,
+    0x42, 0x13, 0xf7, 0x8f, 0xd7, 0x86, 0x0e, 0xa6, 0x59, 0x7f, 0x41, 0xc0, 0x00, 0xab, 0xbc, 0xad, 0xa0, 0x0a, 0x73,
+    0x3b, 0x12, 0xde, 0xd4, 0x0d, 0xe1, 0x2b, 0x67, 0xc6, 0xd1, 0xc9, 0x14, 0x3e, 0x19, 0x10, 0x40, 0x7c, 0x54, 0x6f,
+    0x44, 0x43, 0x7c, 0x33, 0xcf, 0xaa, 0x3a, 0xb7, 0xb0, 0x55, 0xec, 0x97, 0xf0, 0x47, 0xaf, 0x61, 0x2f, 0xac, 0x8c,
+    0x97, 0xc8, 0x15, 0x3f, 0xeb, 0xe8, 0xf8, 0x39, 0x68, 0x53, 0x43, 0xeb, 0x51, 0xa5, 0x0a, 0x15, 0xc7, 0x0c, 0x23,
+    0x8a, 0x05, 0x9e, 0x63, 0x8c, 0x4f, 0xe8, 0x9e, 0xdb, 0xf2, 0xd7, 0xc8, 0xb0, 0xf9, 0x2f, 0x87, 0xf2, 0x75, 0xe6,
+    0x98, 0xd0, 0x33, 0xe5, 0x4c, 0x85, 0x33, 0x1c, 0x61, 0xac, 0x37, 0xbe, 0xc1, 0xdc, 0x55, 0x33, 0xb6, 0xb5, 0x3a,
+    0x93, 0xa2, 0xe9, 0x52, 0x54, 0x9f, 0x41, 0x43, 0xbc, 0xeb, 0xc6, 0xc0, 0xc2, 0xdd, 0x9f, 0x03, 0x42, 0x6e, 0x0e,
+    0x85, 0xab, 0xda, 0x8c, 0x10, 0x6a, 0x09, 0xd4, 0x67, 0x85, 0xb0, 0x92, 0x56, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xcf, 0x1f,
+    0xc1, 0x7a, 0xaf, 0xf9, 0xff, 0x97, 0x19, 0xd1, 0xf7, 0xcb, 0xfe, 0x33, 0x7e, 0x41, 0xf4, 0x8c, 0x15, 0x4b, 0x26,
+    0xfa, 0xf6, 0xba, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x09, 0xdf, 0x5e, 0xc3, 0xa9, 0xb5, 0xae, 0xdd, 0x4f, 0x0f, 0xe1, 0xfe, 0xbc, 0x51,
+    0x2c, 0x9d, 0x22, 0x84, 0x58, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0x54, 0xd2, 0x8a, 0x99, 0x17, 0x1d, 0x40, 0x9a, 0x77, 0x61, 0x76,
+    0x9b, 0x72, 0x94, 0x25, 0x81, 0x67, 0x15, 0x30, 0xcd, 0xb0, 0x9d, 0x13, 0xa8, 0x5f, 0x1c, 0xff, 0x1d, 0xeb, 0xfe,
+    0x0b, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0xee, 0xcf, 0x4f, 0x21, 0x91, 0x05, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x8c, 0x9a, 0x6e, 0x47, 0x75, 0x27, 0xeb, 0xdd,
+    0x0b, 0x53, 0x22, 0x26, 0x5d, 0xf9, 0xdc, 0xcf, 0xed, 0x03, 0x68, 0x68, 0xab, 0x50, 0x55, 0x77, 0x65, 0xe3, 0x7c,
+    0x45, 0x4b, 0x36, 0x20, 0xfd, 0x56, 0xfa, 0xe2, 0x06, 0x99, 0x97, 0x25, 0x51, 0x56, 0x91, 0xb3, 0xa4, 0xdb, 0xd3,
+    0x39, 0x0a, 0x99, 0xe3, 0x7c, 0xe5, 0x85, 0xad, 0x95, 0xf6, 0xb5, 0x2a, 0xdb, 0x70, 0xa9, 0xa4, 0x68, 0x11, 0xcc,
+    0x7a, 0x9f, 0xa3, 0xfe, 0x2e, 0x6f, 0x92, 0x89, 0x62, 0x54, 0x55, 0xbc, 0xae, 0x44, 0x2f, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x0d, 0xc7,
+    0x84, 0x7e, 0xf5, 0x07, 0xbd, 0xa5, 0xea, 0xde, 0x77, 0x98, 0xca, 0xec, 0xcd, 0x21, 0x88, 0xd2, 0x0d, 0xe9, 0xd5,
+    0x5f, 0x89, 0x8f, 0xeb, 0xed, 0x89, 0x60, 0x39, 0x5d, 0x57, 0xf6, 0xeb, 0x7c, 0x5c, 0x0a, 0x73, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0x97,
+    0xa6, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0x54, 0x51, 0x61, 0xce, 0xfa, 0xc7, 0x6c, 0x0a, 0xce, 0x4b, 0xd7, 0x32, 0x84, 0x1c, 0x91, 0xd0,
+    0xc8, 0x91, 0x60, 0xce, 0xbf, 0x50, 0x8c, 0x5f, 0xb4, 0x49, 0xec, 0x8e, 0x5f, 0xc9, 0x6e, 0xa8, 0xe9, 0xa7, 0xcf,
+    0xb9, 0x4b, 0x27, 0x54, 0x50, 0x7b, 0x82, 0x4b, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xfb, 0x2b, 0x9b, 0x74, 0x31, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x57, 0xe7,
+    0xf3, 0x8f, 0x86, 0x38, 0x4c, 0x05, 0x14, 0x16, 0x6f, 0x32, 0x87, 0x76, 0x86, 0xd7, 0x74, 0x98, 0x67};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
index a1cafe8707..37c80ddf96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
@@ -3634,4058 +3634,4060 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x36, 0x16, 0x43, 0x14, 0xa2, 0x85, 0xb1, 0x9f, 0x44, 0x7a, 0x6a, 0xf7, 0x8b, 0xa8, 0x63, 0x84, 0xe7, 0x2e, 0x8e,
     0x40, 0xbb, 0x60, 0xb2, 0xd8, 0xed, 0x3a, 0x06, 0xb0, 0x93, 0x12, 0x46, 0xf3, 0x4c, 0x91, 0xc8, 0x45, 0x3d, 0x95,
     0x78, 0xf0, 0xa9, 0x53, 0x8d, 0x99, 0x83, 0xf0, 0x54, 0x31, 0xd4, 0xc0, 0xc7, 0x7a, 0xaf, 0x4d, 0xc8, 0x99, 0xff,
-    0xaf, 0xbd, 0xa7, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0x13, 0x49, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x3c, 0x05, 0x26, 0xd9, 0x04, 0x12, 0xc0, 0x20, 0xf9, 0x43,
-    0x91, 0x8c, 0x3c, 0x93, 0xc4, 0x99, 0x8f, 0xf5, 0x4c, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x9e, 0xec, 0xbd, 0xeb, 0xf5, 0xb1, 0x90, 0xd4,
-    0x92, 0xd8, 0x20, 0xd0, 0x01, 0x64, 0xd9, 0xa3, 0xb0, 0xcf, 0xb2, 0x8f, 0x70, 0x9f, 0x61, 0x9f, 0xec, 0x9e, 0xaa,
-    0xea, 0x86, 0x06, 0x81, 0x2c, 0x4f, 0x32, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0x67, 0x26, 0x89, 0x68, 0xba, 0x9b, 0xea, 0xaf,
+    0xaf, 0xbd, 0xa7, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0x13, 0x49, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x3c, 0x05, 0x26, 0xd9, 0x04, 0x12, 0xc0, 0x20, 0x59, 0xb6,
+    0x22, 0x19, 0x79, 0x26, 0x89, 0x33, 0x1f, 0xeb, 0x99, 0xcc, 0x49, 0x3c, 0xd9, 0x7b, 0xd7, 0xeb, 0x63, 0x21, 0xa9,
+    0x25, 0xb1, 0x41, 0xa0, 0x03, 0xc8, 0x1f, 0xa3, 0xb0, 0xcf, 0xb2, 0x8f, 0x70, 0x9f, 0x61, 0x9f, 0xec, 0x9e, 0xaa,
+    0xea, 0x86, 0x06, 0x81, 0x2c, 0x4f, 0x32, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0x67, 0x26, 0x89, 0x68, 0x9a, 0xee, 0xea, 0xaf,
     0xaa, 0xea, 0xfa, 0x2c, 0x53, 0x4a, 0xbb, 0x82, 0x7f, 0x85, 0x15, 0x72, 0xa5, 0x94, 0xb6, 0x1c, 0x88, 0x39, 0xdd,
-    0x3e, 0xae, 0x1a, 0x58, 0x15, 0x8a, 0x7b, 0x32, 0x98, 0x09, 0x56, 0x76, 0x9d, 0x98, 0x87, 0x59, 0x97, 0x36, 0xbc,
-    0x11, 0xb8, 0x60, 0x7a, 0xd8, 0x50, 0x6b, 0xdc, 0xf5, 0x4a, 0xa1, 0x30, 0xe3, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0x9e, 0x78, 0xe5, 0x67,
-    0xd8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0x2a, 0xe0, 0x1b, 0x53, 0xa9, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb0, 0xe0, 0x94, 0x3e, 0x6f, 0xa5, 0xd1, 0x79, 0xb4,
-    0x12, 0x82, 0xe3, 0x13, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0x10, 0xcf, 0x49, 0x77, 0x74, 0x12, 0xd0, 0x0f, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xa0, 0x00, 0x59,
-    0x31, 0xc1, 0x39, 0xdb, 0x3a, 0xa0, 0xcb, 0xd4, 0xf5, 0xe3, 0xb5, 0xd8, 0x72, 0xd9, 0xc0, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xc2, 0x96,
+    0x01, 0xae, 0x1a, 0x58, 0x15, 0x8a, 0x7b, 0x32, 0x98, 0x09, 0x56, 0x76, 0x9d, 0x98, 0x87, 0x79, 0x8f, 0x36, 0xbc,
+    0x11, 0xb8, 0x60, 0x7a, 0xd8, 0x50, 0x6b, 0xd2, 0xf3, 0x4a, 0xa1, 0x30, 0xe3, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0x1e, 0x7b, 0xe5, 0x67,
+    0xd8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0x2a, 0xe0, 0x1b, 0x53, 0xa9, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb0, 0xe0, 0x84, 0xba, 0xb7, 0xd2, 0xe8, 0x2c, 0xba,
+    0x11, 0x82, 0xe3, 0x63, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0x10, 0xcf, 0x49, 0x6f, 0x7c, 0x1c, 0xd0, 0x0f, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xa0, 0x00, 0x59,
+    0x31, 0xc1, 0x39, 0xdb, 0x3a, 0xa4, 0xcb, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xe3, 0xb5, 0xd8, 0x72, 0xd9, 0xd0, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xc2, 0x96,
     0x58, 0x8e, 0x8c, 0x4f, 0xbd, 0x1c, 0x85, 0xb4, 0xa6, 0x1a, 0xdf, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x5f, 0xcb, 0xb7, 0x58, 0xf4, 0xc8,
-    0x88, 0xa6, 0xd7, 0x57, 0x61, 0xb7, 0x6c, 0xa4, 0xd5, 0x01, 0x46, 0x82, 0x27, 0x31, 0x04, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0x8c, 0xa8,
-    0xff, 0xdb, 0xb8, 0x8a, 0xfa, 0xd1, 0xfe, 0x2e, 0x47, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0x7d, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x7a, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0x15,
-    0xd1, 0x6b, 0x95, 0xdb, 0xb0, 0x98, 0xa0, 0x29, 0x52, 0xbb, 0xaa, 0xb7, 0x00, 0xea, 0x8c, 0x37, 0x86, 0xfd, 0x5b,
-    0x73, 0xb5, 0x5a, 0x99, 0x60, 0xd1, 0x6a, 0x2e, 0xe3, 0x80, 0xb8, 0xc3, 0xb1, 0x9a, 0x09, 0xa4, 0xce, 0x2a, 0x48,
-    0x1d, 0xc2, 0xe1, 0xf2, 0x7c, 0x2a, 0xef, 0x67, 0xd1, 0xea, 0x9b, 0x20, 0x90, 0xc5, 0x36, 0x82, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x92,
-    0x8c, 0x12, 0x32, 0xd0, 0x40, 0xfb, 0x64, 0xf9, 0xc9, 0x35, 0xb7, 0x17, 0x18, 0x5f, 0x0f, 0xef, 0xae, 0xb9, 0x4e,
-    0x22, 0x8f, 0x47, 0xfc, 0x7e, 0x70, 0x32, 0xf6, 0x6f, 0x14, 0xe4, 0x34, 0x5d, 0x15, 0x9c, 0xb9, 0x02, 0x36, 0x5c,
-    0xa6, 0x69, 0x14, 0x9a, 0x71, 0xb4, 0x52, 0xfb, 0x27, 0xf4, 0x20, 0x2a, 0x78, 0xf4, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0x5f, 0x8f, 0x02,
-    0x7f, 0xf4, 0xd1, 0x55, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0x5f, 0xe1, 0x27, 0xed, 0x4c, 0xed, 0x03, 0xac, 0xca, 0x37, 0x41,
-    0x70, 0xb2, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xfa, 0x27, 0xfb, 0x63, 0xff, 0xa6, 0x2f, 0xa5, 0x86, 0xe1, 0x7a, 0x53, 0x97, 0x87, 0xe0,
-    0xcc, 0x2d, 0xcd, 0x12, 0x8c, 0xe9, 0x30, 0x62, 0x5a, 0x71, 0xf9, 0x85, 0x58, 0x33, 0x04, 0xaf, 0x36, 0x42, 0x71,
-    0x7a, 0x00, 0x57, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x9f, 0xb4, 0xdc, 0x0e, 0x75, 0x26, 0x05, 0x69, 0x43, 0x35, 0x1f, 0x56, 0x31, 0x30,
-    0xd2, 0x8c, 0xae, 0x89, 0x50, 0x72, 0x81, 0x6e, 0x8c, 0x32, 0x03, 0x33, 0xec, 0x78, 0x0b, 0xd0, 0x38, 0xf2, 0x9f,
-    0xd2, 0x8d, 0x78, 0x04, 0x59, 0xb5, 0x25, 0x24, 0xae, 0x4b, 0x3a, 0x17, 0x3a, 0x85, 0x3c, 0x4e, 0x20, 0x28, 0x4b,
-    0xf0, 0x3b, 0xa4, 0x07, 0xd1, 0x02, 0x1d, 0xb2, 0xba, 0xe5, 0xc1, 0x79, 0xbc, 0x4c, 0xe4, 0x51, 0x13, 0xf3, 0x72,
-    0x5a, 0x5a, 0xa1, 0x6e, 0x75, 0xbd, 0x44, 0xd4, 0xc8, 0xbd, 0xa4, 0x69, 0xc9, 0x40, 0x87, 0xa7, 0xa5, 0x46, 0x85,
-    0xe6, 0x82, 0x57, 0x9f, 0xa4, 0x38, 0x62, 0x86, 0x76, 0x99, 0x18, 0xd1, 0x55, 0x41, 0xa7, 0x12, 0x42, 0x94, 0xdd,
-    0x28, 0x2b, 0x02, 0x38, 0xd3, 0xaa, 0xf7, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0x43, 0x24, 0x6c, 0x89, 0xdb, 0x2f, 0xef, 0x83, 0xd4, 0x1b,
-    0x9a, 0xb4, 0x99, 0x55, 0xe5, 0xeb, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x17, 0x9b, 0x0e, 0xc1, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0xc7, 0x01, 0xbb, 0xf0,
-    0x86, 0xdf, 0x61, 0x9d, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0xe0, 0x15, 0x54, 0xc8, 0xd4, 0xfe, 0xe3, 0x35, 0x91, 0xee, 0x3a, 0x84, 0x9d,
-    0xd1, 0x16, 0xa8, 0x7e, 0x87, 0xa7, 0x5c, 0x62, 0x31, 0xb5, 0x46, 0x60, 0x89, 0xdc, 0x52, 0x1c, 0xdb, 0x32, 0x64,
-    0x3c, 0xe5, 0x0f, 0xec, 0x4d, 0x85, 0x9f, 0x5a, 0x80, 0x2b, 0x12, 0x27, 0x58, 0xde, 0x99, 0x32, 0xb0, 0x44, 0x56,
-    0xdf, 0x45, 0x2b, 0x01, 0x29, 0x9f, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x51, 0x79, 0xfa, 0x7e, 0x70, 0x22, 0xab, 0x85, 0x50, 0x76, 0x4e,
-    0xfd, 0xc2, 0xaf, 0x4c, 0x55, 0x8a, 0x04, 0x50, 0x8b, 0x5b, 0xb5, 0x7f, 0xb2, 0x2f, 0xd7, 0xee, 0x0f, 0xba, 0x67,
-    0xd2, 0xe0, 0xb0, 0x57, 0x71, 0x6f, 0xbe, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0xb2, 0x2b, 0x05, 0x6e, 0xc9, 0x19, 0x94, 0xc0, 0x1c, 0x95,
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+    0x60, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0x73, 0xed, 0xab, 0x7e, 0x15, 0x5f, 0x82, 0x57, 0xbc, 0x15, 0x46, 0x37, 0x68, 0xf5, 0x71, 0xdf,
+    0xdc, 0x61, 0x9c, 0x01, 0x26, 0x6c, 0xce, 0xca, 0xc0, 0xf2, 0xd0, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x0e, 0x37, 0x10, 0xf4, 0x83, 0x3a,
+    0x94, 0xd2, 0x83, 0x7f, 0x56, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x8a, 0x85, 0x9c, 0xa2, 0x73, 0xe2, 0xc7, 0x39, 0x78, 0x12, 0x45, 0x71,
+    0xea, 0xf3, 0xa3, 0xea, 0x06, 0xc5, 0x72, 0x62, 0xf1, 0xb5, 0x17, 0x48, 0x76, 0x77, 0xd2, 0x97, 0x7b, 0x39, 0xa1,
+    0x7a, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0x00, 0xce, 0xac, 0xc0, 0x7d, 0xec, 0x74, 0x80, 0x4b, 0xe8, 0xb0, 0xf6, 0x56, 0x13, 0x50, 0xba,
+    0x98, 0x6d, 0x73, 0x05, 0x2f, 0xd2, 0x41, 0x09, 0x33, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x60, 0xd2, 0x68, 0x87, 0xba, 0x61, 0x5e, 0x02,
+    0xf9, 0xf4, 0x2a, 0x37, 0x33, 0x55, 0xef, 0x87, 0xc2, 0x5a, 0x22, 0xdc, 0x92, 0x09, 0x8f, 0x5f, 0x1d, 0x55, 0x98,
+    0x9a, 0x2d, 0xe3, 0xb8, 0xc7, 0x9f, 0xfd, 0xdf, 0x3d, 0x08, 0xf4, 0x2d, 0x05, 0xf3, 0x8e, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x29, 0xf9,
+    0x1a, 0xe6, 0xf4, 0x9e, 0x08, 0x3d, 0x4b, 0x4e, 0x54, 0x28, 0x52, 0x7b, 0x2a, 0xfa, 0xb1, 0xa9, 0xb9, 0x6d, 0x6b,
+    0x4e, 0xc5, 0x8a, 0x02, 0xc3, 0xc7, 0xac, 0xa3, 0xc2, 0xcf, 0x55, 0x7f, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x38, 0x92, 0x2d, 0x51,
+    0xc2, 0x52, 0x71, 0x9f, 0xd0, 0x54, 0x19, 0xef, 0xaa, 0x32, 0xea, 0xcb, 0xdb, 0x45, 0x6c, 0x26, 0x4c, 0x72, 0x69,
+    0xef, 0xe1, 0xcf, 0x11, 0xf3, 0x52, 0x8b, 0xeb, 0x76, 0x35, 0x89, 0xe9, 0x30, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x64, 0x84, 0x42, 0xf2,
+    0x61, 0x0e, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0xff, 0xb2, 0xe2, 0x41, 0x28, 0xa0, 0x8d, 0x4f, 0x9f, 0xec, 0x22, 0x6e, 0xe8, 0xdb, 0xd4,
+    0xa3, 0xb8, 0x6d, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x10, 0xa5, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0x9f, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x6a, 0xa7, 0x3e, 0x82, 0x98, 0x14, 0xa9,
+    0x62, 0xf0, 0xf6, 0xfc, 0x1b, 0x85, 0x1f, 0x00, 0xb2, 0x6e, 0xc0, 0x8b, 0x17, 0xc5, 0xc7, 0x71, 0x29, 0x3e, 0x8e,
+    0xc2, 0xf3, 0x3d, 0x43, 0x66, 0xda, 0x6c, 0x9f, 0xa6, 0x10, 0x05, 0xe6, 0x64, 0xf3, 0xb1, 0x58, 0x05, 0xa9, 0xbf,
+    0xf4, 0xe2, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x83, 0xe3, 0x60, 0xb0, 0x9d, 0xa6, 0xf8, 0x15, 0x64, 0x36, 0x22, 0x72, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0xa1,
+    0xb0, 0x1b, 0x99, 0xfa, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x36, 0x22, 0x3a, 0xf0, 0xc6, 0x63, 0xb6, 0x4c, 0xdd, 0x52, 0x10, 0x9e, 0x68,
+    0x9c, 0xb2, 0xd4, 0x4c, 0xd2, 0x98, 0x79, 0x0b, 0x35, 0x0f, 0xca, 0xb5, 0xd9, 0x5e, 0xb2, 0x1a, 0x41, 0x54, 0x21,
+    0x11, 0x1e, 0x8c, 0x06, 0x08, 0x06, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x22, 0x04, 0xc5, 0xa1, 0x29, 0x3c, 0x8b, 0x66, 0x95, 0x2d, 0x55,
+    0xb0, 0x54, 0x27, 0x98, 0x4a, 0x8d, 0x6e, 0x5e, 0x20, 0xdd, 0x1e, 0x47, 0xc1, 0x15, 0x8f, 0xb9, 0x91, 0xe7, 0xe4,
+    0x51, 0x07, 0xc7, 0xfc, 0x3a, 0xae, 0x60, 0xb8, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x63, 0x43, 0xb2, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0x68, 0x1c, 0xfb, 0xbc,
+    0x32, 0xd0, 0x4c, 0x6a, 0x19, 0xf3, 0x7d, 0x12, 0x2c, 0xe7, 0x40, 0xb2, 0x4a, 0x06, 0x3e, 0x73, 0x67, 0x90, 0xbb,
+    0x7f, 0x22, 0x54, 0x48, 0xd5, 0x3e, 0x7d, 0x7a, 0x3f, 0xfc, 0xd7, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x29, 0xe9, 0xdc, 0x11, 0x31, 0x30,
+    0x2e, 0xe4, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x2d, 0x36, 0x86, 0x68, 0xdc, 0xc5, 0x26, 0x22, 0x3a, 0xa1, 0xd8, 0x5b, 0xd9, 0xf0, 0x52,
+    0xc4, 0xd5, 0x83, 0x74, 0xc6, 0xba, 0x88, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x84, 0xe5, 0x1d, 0x8a, 0x18, 0x2e, 0xca, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x5f,
+    0x1e, 0x29, 0x45, 0xb8, 0xc7, 0x3a, 0x0b, 0x24, 0xda, 0x43, 0x83, 0x63, 0x4f, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x0a, 0xf9, 0xa2, 0xa4,
+    0xb7, 0x0f, 0xc3, 0x9c, 0x47, 0x0b, 0x66, 0xf9, 0xd1, 0xfe, 0x0d, 0x1b, 0x99, 0xde, 0xd2, 0x27, 0x3b, 0x22, 0x94,
+    0x13, 0x2a, 0xc4, 0x92, 0xe6, 0xe6, 0x39, 0xc4, 0xf8, 0x67, 0xc5, 0x54, 0x46, 0x95, 0xc0, 0x6d, 0xad, 0x42, 0x6f,
+    0x79, 0xc0, 0x83, 0xa2, 0x89, 0x9a, 0x83, 0xe3, 0x7d, 0x6f, 0x50, 0xce, 0xcf, 0x63, 0x89, 0x3c, 0xb3, 0x65, 0x2a,
+    0x70, 0x42, 0x69, 0x76, 0x44, 0x46, 0x9d, 0xe2, 0xc1, 0x8c, 0xa6, 0x53, 0x39, 0xa7, 0x8e, 0x55, 0x06, 0x2f, 0x9f,
+    0xb4, 0x62, 0x4b, 0x47, 0x4b, 0xea, 0x69, 0xb3, 0x8b, 0xfc, 0xa7, 0xda, 0xc3, 0x64, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x66, 0x38, 0xef,
+    0x1b, 0xb9, 0x79, 0xf2, 0x19, 0x7b, 0x44, 0x95, 0x38, 0x22, 0xa9, 0x66, 0x82, 0x6c, 0x60, 0xa9, 0xf6, 0x5c, 0x97,
+    0xf0, 0x5c, 0x15, 0xdd, 0xc1, 0x24, 0xd6, 0xe4, 0xdc, 0x85, 0xc1, 0xa6, 0xf0, 0xa1, 0x49, 0xee, 0xbd, 0xf8, 0x51,
+    0x75, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x30, 0xee, 0x7b, 0x62, 0xfb, 0x95, 0x36, 0x28, 0x6c, 0x3c, 0xbe, 0xee, 0x80, 0xe0, 0x45, 0x3b,
+    0x15, 0x3c, 0xaf, 0x7c, 0x4d, 0x28, 0xdd, 0x0c, 0xbc, 0xbb, 0x48, 0x32, 0xbb, 0xe2, 0x11, 0x58, 0xce, 0xb0, 0xf4,
+    0x5c, 0x78, 0x3e, 0x6f, 0x1c, 0x34, 0xa4, 0x61, 0x90, 0x9b, 0x74, 0xf3, 0xb0, 0x15, 0x04, 0x38, 0x60, 0xf7, 0x9d,
+    0x35, 0xb9, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x30, 0x88, 0x3c, 0xb3, 0xe2, 0x1c, 0x96, 0x5e, 0x22, 0x5a, 0xc8, 0x8e, 0xf7, 0x61, 0x7c,
+    0x94, 0x6d, 0x51, 0x30, 0x79, 0xc2, 0xbe, 0x10, 0x6f, 0xbd, 0x7e, 0xd3, 0xad, 0xb7, 0xca, 0xa3, 0x94, 0x59, 0x2f,
+    0x5f, 0x87, 0xd8, 0x36, 0x5e, 0x42, 0xb6, 0x67, 0xdf, 0x4f, 0x38, 0x61, 0x90, 0x7a, 0xc9, 0x83, 0x61, 0x96, 0xea,
+    0xe9, 0x5b, 0x83, 0xc4, 0x50, 0x9e, 0xdf, 0x0f, 0x2b, 0x4c, 0xf2, 0x9b, 0xf5, 0x53, 0x26, 0x62, 0x36, 0x9c, 0xa5,
+    0x0d, 0x61, 0x1d, 0x9a, 0xaa, 0x10, 0x1f, 0xbe, 0xa5, 0x42, 0xb1, 0xcd, 0xb7, 0xd5, 0x2a, 0x38, 0xab, 0xa2, 0x9a,
+    0xa7, 0xa9, 0x8f, 0xf0, 0x40, 0x6c, 0xd4, 0xc6, 0x52, 0x0c, 0x36, 0x91, 0xba, 0x50, 0x55, 0xa8, 0x16, 0xbc, 0xe5,
+    0x92, 0x2a, 0xeb, 0xfd, 0xe3, 0x7d, 0xba, 0x4e, 0x0f, 0x68, 0x03, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0xc1, 0x32, 0x9d, 0xf6, 0x84, 0xb7,
+    0x5c, 0xf2, 0x15, 0xa7, 0x5f, 0xf4, 0x66, 0x7f, 0x9e, 0x2e, 0x82, 0xc1, 0xff, 0x02, 0xf1, 0xc9, 0x8b, 0x98, 0x7c,
+    0x7b, 0x03, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x5b, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x53, 0xc1, 0xb6, 0x69, 0x3d, 0x41, 0xeb, 0x04, 0x30, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0x77, 0x35, 0xdb, 0xa3, 0x08,
-    0x36, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x80, 0x90, 0x4f, 0xf1, 0xb2, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x82, 0xee, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x20, 0x7f, 0x3b, 0xff, 0x00,
-    0xaa, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x8c, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xf5, 0xaa, 0x92, 0x79, 0x50, 0x43, 0x1f, 0xe8,
-    0x3c, 0x52, 0x68, 0x2c, 0xf6, 0x36, 0x31, 0x90, 0x4e, 0x2b, 0x91, 0x69, 0x38, 0xb4, 0x61, 0xa7, 0xbb, 0x57, 0x79,
-    0x3b, 0x6d, 0x62, 0x85, 0x9f, 0x24, 0x24, 0xda, 0x45, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0x85, 0x44, 0x50, 0x6c, 0x8c, 0x1e, 0xab, 0xbb,
-    0x7b, 0x1e, 0x30, 0x98, 0x59, 0xe5, 0xb9, 0xd1, 0x34, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x79, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x4b, 0x68, 0x2c, 0xbe, 0x21,
-    0xcc, 0x30, 0xc4, 0x9c, 0x4d, 0x34, 0xd6, 0x01, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x66, 0x48, 0x3c, 0x94, 0xf4, 0x3c, 0x5b, 0x12, 0xfd,
-    0x15, 0xb4, 0x05, 0xdb, 0xaf, 0xc1, 0x59, 0x5d, 0x9f, 0xc5, 0x8d, 0xaf, 0xf7, 0xc6, 0x5f, 0x58, 0xfb, 0xc3, 0x74,
-    0x45, 0x97, 0x23, 0xac, 0x2e, 0x4a, 0xb9, 0xab, 0xd7, 0x5b, 0xe5, 0x85, 0x6f, 0x21, 0xba, 0x7e, 0xa3, 0x57, 0xa5,
-    0xb3, 0x24, 0x7e, 0x60, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x15, 0x1f, 0x04, 0x5e, 0xba, 0x06, 0x04, 0xff, 0x02, 0x26, 0x2d, 0x03, 0x6c,
-    0x97, 0x1b, 0x23, 0x84, 0x28, 0x25, 0xb4, 0xe2, 0xca, 0xbd, 0xc8, 0xc3, 0x96, 0x4a, 0xef, 0xed, 0xe7, 0x65, 0x4f,
-    0xb2, 0x2d, 0x6c, 0x02, 0x91, 0x04, 0x76, 0xae, 0xba, 0x67, 0x9c, 0xe3, 0x38, 0xd6, 0x96, 0x61, 0x0c, 0xd3, 0x80,
-    0xe4, 0x4a, 0x43, 0x2e, 0x92, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xdb, 0xd2, 0xec, 0xf5, 0xf5, 0x90, 0x4a, 0x22, 0x74, 0x92, 0x40, 0x80,
-    0xed, 0x2b, 0xb5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0x71, 0xda, 0x35, 0x3b, 0xe9, 0xec, 0xeb, 0xac, 0xbe, 0x6a, 0x2f, 0xf0, 0xde,
-    0x96, 0xf7, 0x43, 0x51, 0x4d, 0xce, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0x70, 0xc2, 0x08, 0x2c, 0xf0, 0xc8, 0xac, 0x25, 0x82, 0x67, 0xeb,
-    0xcd, 0xf5, 0x7d, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0x8b, 0xca, 0x2a, 0x15, 0x66, 0x68, 0xf3, 0x6e, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x5b, 0x81, 0x7b, 0x2e,
-    0xe6, 0xc1, 0xdc, 0x5e, 0x0a, 0x7a, 0xda, 0x4a, 0x2c, 0x68, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0x92, 0xe7, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xef, 0xab, 0xda,
-    0xd7, 0xef, 0x89, 0xe7, 0x22, 0xd0, 0x93, 0xe5, 0x08, 0xcc, 0xea, 0x82, 0xdb, 0xde, 0x1a, 0xdd, 0x49, 0x47, 0x26,
-    0x23, 0xc1, 0x16, 0x7b, 0x2a, 0x99, 0x23, 0xe9, 0x4c, 0xf8, 0x65, 0xaa, 0xfe, 0xe9, 0x6a, 0x41, 0x0d, 0x8f, 0xfb,
-    0x48, 0x9a, 0x49, 0x4e, 0x0b, 0x2e, 0x91, 0xfc, 0x76, 0x6e, 0x55, 0xee, 0xb4, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x63, 0xc1, 0x95, 0x5a,
-    0xf8, 0x37, 0x35, 0xb1, 0xaa, 0xcd, 0xa9, 0x99, 0x2f, 0x3d, 0x52, 0xd0, 0x01, 0xd9, 0x06, 0x27, 0x41, 0x92, 0xdd,
-    0x6d, 0x4a, 0xee, 0xad, 0xa6, 0x33, 0xe1, 0xff, 0xeb, 0x6b, 0x5a, 0xff, 0xfd, 0xf3, 0x05, 0x0a, 0xbb, 0xc4, 0x55,
-    0x1d, 0x28, 0x69, 0x66, 0x7f, 0x4f, 0x49, 0xce, 0xb2, 0xec, 0x8a, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x1b, 0x6f, 0x28, 0x00,
-    0xf5, 0x44, 0x47, 0xd6, 0xf5, 0xb5, 0xd7, 0x6f, 0xff, 0xf5, 0x0b, 0x3d, 0xd9, 0x1d, 0x42, 0xe9, 0xb3, 0x32, 0xa5,
-    0xf6, 0xa3, 0x1b, 0xc3, 0x58, 0x8a, 0x7c, 0x24, 0xc7, 0x03, 0xbc, 0x92, 0xd5, 0x4f, 0xbf, 0xfc, 0xfa, 0x3d, 0x3b,
-    0x6d, 0x8c, 0xc5, 0xdb, 0x9d, 0x77, 0x97, 0xd2, 0x5e, 0x82, 0x85, 0x53, 0x9a, 0xaf, 0xb6, 0x09, 0x45, 0x51, 0x25,
-    0x90, 0x44, 0x85, 0xa4, 0xc6, 0x23, 0x18, 0xfb, 0xbb, 0x56, 0xef, 0xe9, 0x3c, 0x13, 0x62, 0xf0, 0xaf, 0x6b, 0xe9,
-    0xa2, 0xa7, 0x26, 0x32, 0xa1, 0x8d, 0x5d, 0x56, 0x22, 0xa0, 0xe8, 0xb8, 0x06, 0xc1, 0x07, 0xb4, 0x7e, 0xf5, 0xbe,
-    0xae, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x95, 0xa7, 0xb8, 0xe2, 0x34, 0x6a, 0xc9, 0x3c, 0xee, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x67, 0xae, 0x93, 0x6c, 0x20,
-    0xbc, 0x42, 0xc5, 0xe1, 0x91, 0x52, 0xb9, 0x8c, 0x62, 0x0d, 0x46, 0xbb, 0x46, 0x72, 0x69, 0x26, 0xe0, 0xac, 0x67,
-    0xec, 0xb5, 0x51, 0x5f, 0x9d, 0xae, 0x5d, 0x25, 0x15, 0x72, 0xf0, 0xc2, 0x2f, 0x67, 0xe6, 0x68, 0x08, 0xac, 0xdd,
-    0xcb, 0xd5, 0xe3, 0x03, 0x9d, 0x49, 0x4d, 0xa1, 0xcd, 0x81, 0xbf, 0x09, 0xd9, 0xdd, 0x2d, 0xe1, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x9a,
-    0x7d, 0xfd, 0x92, 0xd9, 0x26, 0x19, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x2b, 0x6d, 0x38, 0x99, 0x2b, 0x2d, 0xb5, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xe3, 0xb0,
-    0x11, 0x2c, 0x17, 0x79, 0xe0, 0x24, 0xb1, 0x86, 0x68, 0x15, 0xb3, 0x7f, 0x4b, 0xf3, 0xeb, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0xdd, 0x24,
-    0x64, 0x69, 0x0f, 0x4e, 0xae, 0xdb, 0xc7, 0x71, 0x4e, 0xaa, 0x64, 0x18, 0xec, 0xd1, 0x7b, 0x59, 0xa8, 0x31, 0x05,
-    0x80, 0x2b, 0xcb, 0x0c, 0x91, 0x02, 0x85, 0x0d, 0x16, 0x1d, 0x1b, 0xa6, 0x6e, 0x48, 0x13, 0x04, 0xa1, 0xc5, 0xff,
-    0x33, 0xa7, 0xdf, 0xb4, 0x67, 0x98, 0xb0, 0x60, 0xdb, 0x52, 0xfa, 0xaf, 0x26, 0xbf, 0x98, 0xed, 0xc1, 0x7b, 0x18,
-    0x2e, 0x02, 0x9e, 0x60, 0x3c, 0xef, 0xff, 0xef, 0xad, 0xb4, 0xdc, 0xfe, 0x88, 0x74, 0x45, 0x88, 0xec, 0x01, 0xc8,
-    0x71, 0x86, 0x23, 0xeb, 0xf7, 0x9d, 0x99, 0x55, 0xe0, 0x34, 0x40, 0xb2, 0xc7, 0x99, 0x95, 0xb4, 0xd6, 0x62, 0x53,
-    0x71, 0xef, 0x7d, 0xef, 0x32, 0xbf, 0x8b, 0xce, 0xf8, 0x61, 0x58, 0x61, 0x32, 0x1b, 0x69, 0x87, 0x65, 0xbb, 0xb2,
-    0x9c, 0x06, 0x00, 0xc1, 0xfb, 0xde, 0xfb, 0x51, 0xf8, 0xff, 0x47, 0x16, 0xe7, 0x47, 0x64, 0x81, 0x8a, 0xcc, 0x2a,
-    0xce, 0xc9, 0x2c, 0x60, 0x46, 0x55, 0x00, 0x67, 0x54, 0x00, 0xfb, 0xe8, 0x80, 0x1c, 0x0b, 0x82, 0x46, 0xd3, 0x64,
-    0xb3, 0x8f, 0x86, 0x6c, 0x79, 0xbf, 0xd2, 0x62, 0x05, 0x51, 0xae, 0x67, 0x64, 0x5b, 0xf2, 0xbb, 0x1d, 0x28, 0x6b,
-    0x96, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x47, 0xff, 0xeb, 0x96, 0xeb, 0x89, 0x6e, 0x15, 0x9f, 0x68, 0xa7, 0xdc, 0x30, 0x8c, 0xfc, 0x9f,
-    0xc0, 0x23, 0xe1, 0x0c, 0x4e, 0xc3, 0x69, 0xa8, 0xc2, 0xd5, 0xa0, 0xa6, 0x5b, 0xc7, 0x8e, 0xb3, 0xe9, 0x34, 0x54,
-    0xfd, 0x31, 0xfc, 0x1e, 0x4a, 0x0b, 0x83, 0xa9, 0x33, 0x4d, 0xd3, 0x7f, 0x77, 0x8d, 0x72, 0x55, 0x71, 0x4d, 0x74,
-    0xe3, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x19, 0xf8, 0x9b, 0xa6, 0x69, 0xf8, 0x87, 0xe4, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0xac, 0xf9, 0x3d, 0xda, 0x61, 0xa0,
-    0x50, 0xca, 0x2e, 0x93, 0x38, 0x3e, 0xe4, 0x5b, 0x96, 0x25, 0xd9, 0xf0, 0x75, 0x2c, 0xad, 0x37, 0x37, 0x2a, 0x15,
-    0x48, 0xe8, 0xbd, 0xf6, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x55, 0xf0, 0x10, 0x5d, 0x14, 0x49, 0xa4, 0xa7, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xaa, 0x7a, 0xbc,
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+    0x90, 0x5b, 0x67, 0x75, 0xf2, 0x26, 0x78, 0xa1, 0x21, 0xb2, 0x93, 0x21, 0xdf, 0x32, 0x0e, 0x2c, 0xdd, 0xc0, 0xfe,
+    0x5a, 0x95, 0x64, 0x95, 0x27, 0x6a, 0xaf, 0x52, 0xa6, 0x69, 0x49, 0xc1, 0xf2, 0x29, 0xb3, 0x07, 0x47, 0x5e, 0xf3,
+    0x65, 0x73, 0xeb, 0x9b, 0x77, 0x4f, 0x9d, 0xf5, 0xd0, 0x2e, 0x76, 0xbd, 0xb5, 0x29, 0x9c, 0xe0, 0x23, 0x49, 0xfc,
+    0x50, 0xfb, 0xd9, 0x7e, 0xb0, 0x71, 0xff, 0xa4, 0xf6, 0x03, 0xce, 0xec, 0x53, 0x74, 0x98, 0x87, 0x49, 0x9f, 0x15,
+    0x24, 0x1c, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x8f, 0x45, 0xa6, 0xc0, 0x4e, 0x03, 0x9c, 0x40, 0x8d, 0xd8, 0xe3, 0x22, 0x07, 0xf4, 0xa6,
+    0x6a, 0x6a, 0x31, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0x91, 0x3b, 0x9c, 0x62, 0x06, 0xbf, 0x68, 0xd8, 0xd2, 0xbc, 0xfa, 0xb8, 0xad, 0x1b,
+    0xf4, 0x1c, 0xa4, 0x48, 0xdc, 0x20, 0xa6, 0x49, 0xf7, 0x15, 0x7a, 0xea, 0xeb, 0x37, 0xb9, 0x1d, 0xf7, 0x1d, 0xa7,
+    0x8d, 0x76, 0x1b, 0xee, 0x62, 0x95, 0x4d, 0x3b, 0xa4, 0xa3, 0x06, 0xea, 0x4b, 0xff, 0x64, 0x45, 0xa7, 0xa7, 0x29,
+    0x42, 0x57, 0x62, 0xdb, 0x04, 0x60, 0x72, 0x50, 0xd8, 0x59, 0x20, 0x09, 0x36, 0x38, 0x71, 0x2c, 0x13, 0x8d, 0xec,
+    0x85, 0xbe, 0xda, 0xed, 0x18, 0x18, 0xf8, 0xb9, 0x27, 0xd1, 0x6f, 0xef, 0x2c, 0x52, 0x34, 0x6b, 0x19, 0x7e, 0x65,
+    0x22, 0x45, 0x1f};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index cdb8544fbb..ec536910e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@ namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "web_server";
 
-// Longest: UPDATE AVAILABLE (16 chars + null terminator, rounded up)
-static constexpr size_t PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE = 18;
-#define PSTR_LOCAL(mode_s) ESPHOME_strncpy_P(buf, (ESPHOME_PGM_P) ((mode_s)), PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE - 1)
+// View a state LogString as a ProgmemStr so ArduinoJson serializes it PROGMEM-aware on ESP8266.
+[[maybe_unused]] static ProgmemStr json_state_str(const LogString *s) { return reinterpret_cast<ProgmemStr>(s); }
 
 // Parse URL and return match info
 // URL formats (disambiguated by HTTP method for 3-segment case):
@@ -215,8 +214,8 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSource::process_deferred_queue_() {
 
 void DeferredUpdateEventSource::loop() {
   process_deferred_queue_();
-  if (!this->entities_iterator_.completed())
-    this->entities_iterator_.advance();
+  // One step per loop; refusals retry next pass
+  this->entities_iterator_.try_advance(1);
 }
 
 void DeferredUpdateEventSource::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type,
@@ -257,8 +256,10 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSource::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *
 }
 
 // used for logs plus the initial ping/config
-void DeferredUpdateEventSource::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id,
-                                                 uint32_t reconnect) {
+void DeferredUpdateEventSource::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event,
+                                                 uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
+  // ESPAsyncWebServer's send() only accepts null-terminated strings
+  (void) message_len;
   this->send(message, event, id, reconnect);
 }
 
@@ -279,10 +280,10 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const ch
   }
 }
 
-void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id,
-                                                     uint32_t reconnect) {
+void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event,
+                                                     uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
   for (DeferredUpdateEventSource *dues : *this) {
-    dues->try_send_nodefer(message, event, id, reconnect);
+    dues->try_send_nodefer(message, message_len, event, id, reconnect);
   }
 }
 
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource
     // Configure reconnect timeout and send config
     // this should always go through since the AsyncEventSourceClient event queue is empty on connect
     auto message = ws->get_config_json();
-    source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
+    source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), message.size(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_SORTING
     for (auto &group : ws->sorting_groups_) {
@@ -315,17 +316,11 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource
       auto group_msg = builder.serialize();
 
       // up to 31 groups should be able to be queued initially without defer
-      source->try_send_nodefer(group_msg.c_str(), "sorting_group");
+      source->try_send_nodefer(group_msg.c_str(), group_msg.size(), "sorting_group");
     }
 #endif
 
     source->entities_iterator_.begin(ws->include_internal_);
-
-    // just dump them all up-front and take advantage of the deferred queue
-    //     on second thought that takes too long, but leaving the commented code here for debug purposes
-    // while(!source->entities_iterator_.completed()) {
-    //  source->entities_iterator_.advance();
-    //}
   });
 }
 
@@ -395,8 +390,8 @@ void WebServer::setup() {
       return;
     char buf[32];
     auto uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64() / 1000);
-    buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "{\"uptime\":%" PRIu32 "}", uptime);
-    this->events_.try_send_nodefer(buf, "ping", millis(), 30000);
+    size_t len = buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "{\"uptime\":%" PRIu32 "}", uptime);
+    this->events_.try_send_nodefer(buf, len, "ping", millis(), 30000);
   });
 }
 void WebServer::loop() {
@@ -414,16 +409,16 @@ void WebServer::loop() {
 void WebServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
   (void) level;
   (void) tag;
-  (void) message_len;
-  this->events_.try_send_nodefer(message, "log", millis());
+  this->events_.try_send_nodefer(message, message_len, "log", millis());
 }
 #endif
 
 void WebServer::dump_config() {
+  char addr_buf[network::USE_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Web Server:\n"
                 "  Address: %s:%u",
-                network::get_use_address(), this->base_->get_port());
+                network::get_use_address_to(addr_buf), this->base_->get_port());
 }
 float WebServer::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::WIFI - 1.0f; }
 
@@ -455,12 +450,61 @@ void WebServer::handle_index_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
 }
 #endif
 
+// Read a request header value portably across the Arduino and ESP-IDF web servers.
+// Returns an empty string when the header is absent (only allocates when a value is present).
+static std::string get_request_header(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const char *name) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // ESP32 (Arduino and ESP-IDF) uses the web_server_idf backend.
+  optional<std::string> value = request->get_header(name);
+  return value.has_value() ? std::move(*value) : std::string();
+#else
+  // ESP8266, RP2040 and LibreTiny use the Arduino ESPAsyncWebServer backend.
+  const AsyncWebHeader *header = request->getHeader(name);
+  return header != nullptr ? std::string(header->value().c_str()) : std::string();
+#endif
+}
+
+bool WebServer::is_request_origin_allowed_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const std::string &origin) {
+  // No Origin header: not a browser cross-origin request (e.g. curl, native API client). Allow.
+  if (origin.empty())
+    return true;
+
+  // Same-origin: the Origin authority (scheme stripped) matches the Host the request was sent to.
+  // This covers the device's own IP, mDNS name, or DNS name without knowing any at compile time.
+  const size_t scheme_sep = origin.find("://");
+  if (scheme_sep != std::string::npos) {
+    const std::string host = get_request_header(request, "Host");
+    if (!host.empty() && origin.compare(scheme_sep + 3, std::string::npos, host) == 0)
+      return true;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
+  // Otherwise the origin must be explicitly allowed via configuration.
+  for (const char *allowed_origin : this->allowed_origins_) {
+    // A single "*" entry allows any origin.
+    if (allowed_origin[0] == '*' && allowed_origin[1] == '\0')
+      return true;
+    if (origin == allowed_origin)
+      return true;
+  }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS
 void WebServer::handle_pna_cors_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+  const std::string origin = get_request_header(request, "Origin");
+  if (!this->is_request_origin_allowed_(request, origin)) {
+    request->send(403);
+    return;
+  }
+
   AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200, ESPHOME_F(""));
+  // Echo the specific origin back so the response is valid even when auth (credentials) is enabled.
+  response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"), origin.empty() ? "*" : origin.c_str());
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Allow-Private-Network"), ESPHOME_F("true"));
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Private-Network-Access-Name"), App.get_name().c_str());
-  char mac_s[18];
+  char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Private-Network-Access-ID"), get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s));
   request->send(response);
 }
@@ -508,26 +552,19 @@ static void set_json_id(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, J
   size_t device_len = device_name ? strlen(device_name) : 0;
 #endif
 
-  // Single stack buffer for both id formats - ArduinoJson copies the string before we overwrite
+  // Stack buffer for the id - ArduinoJson copies the string before it goes out of scope
   // Buffer sizes use constants from entity_base.h validated in core/config.py
   // Note: Device name uses ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN (sub-device max 120), not ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN
   // (hostname)
-  // Without USE_DEVICES: legacy id ({prefix}-{object_id}) is the largest format
-  // With USE_DEVICES: name_id ({prefix}/{device}/{name}) is the largest format
-  static constexpr size_t LEGACY_ID_SIZE = ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   static constexpr size_t ID_BUF_SIZE =
-      std::max(ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1,
-               LEGACY_ID_SIZE);
+      ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1;
 #else
-  static constexpr size_t ID_BUF_SIZE =
-      std::max(ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1, LEGACY_ID_SIZE);
+  static constexpr size_t ID_BUF_SIZE = ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1;
 #endif
   char id_buf[ID_BUF_SIZE];
   memcpy(id_buf, prefix, prefix_len);  // NOLINT(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result)
 
-  // name_id: new format {prefix}/{device?}/{name} - frontend should prefer this
-  // Remove in 2026.8.0 when id switches to new format permanently
   char *p = id_buf + prefix_len;
   *p++ = '/';
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -539,12 +576,6 @@ static void set_json_id(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, J
 #endif
   memcpy(p, name.c_str(), name_len);
   p[name_len] = '\0';
-  root[ESPHOME_F("name_id")] = id_buf;
-
-  // id: old format {prefix}-{object_id} for backward compatibility
-  // Will switch to new format in 2026.8.0 - reuses prefix already in id_buf
-  id_buf[prefix_len] = '-';
-  obj->write_object_id_to(id_buf + prefix_len + 1, ID_BUF_SIZE - prefix_len - 1);
   root[ESPHOME_F("id")] = id_buf;
 
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
@@ -576,9 +607,9 @@ static void set_json_value(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix
   root[ESPHOME_F("value")] = value;
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-static void set_json_icon_state_value(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, const char *state,
-                                      const T &value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+template<typename S, typename T>
+static void set_json_icon_state_value(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, S state, const T &value,
+                                      JsonDetail start_config) {
   set_json_value(root, obj, prefix, value, start_config);
   root[ESPHOME_F("state")] = state;
 }
@@ -1071,14 +1102,14 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::cover_json_(cover::Cover *obj, JsonDetail
 
   set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "cover", obj->is_fully_closed() ? "CLOSED" : "OPEN", obj->position,
                             start_config);
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
-  root[ESPHOME_F("current_operation")] = PSTR_LOCAL(cover::cover_operation_to_str(obj->current_operation));
+  root[ESPHOME_F("current_operation")] = json_state_str(cover::cover_operation_to_str(obj->current_operation));
 
   if (obj->get_traits().get_supports_position())
     root[ESPHOME_F("position")] = obj->position;
   if (obj->get_traits().get_supports_tilt())
     root[ESPHOME_F("tilt")] = obj->tilt;
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
+    root[ESPHOME_F("assumed_state")] = obj->get_traits().get_is_assumed_state();
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
 
@@ -1528,17 +1559,16 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, Json
   const auto traits = obj->get_traits();
   int8_t target_accuracy = traits.get_target_temperature_accuracy_decimals();
   int8_t current_accuracy = traits.get_current_temperature_accuracy_decimals();
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
   char temp_buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
 
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("modes")].to<JsonArray>();
     for (climate::ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes())
-      opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_mode_to_string(m)));
+      opt.add(json_state_str(climate::climate_mode_to_string(m)));
     if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("fan_modes")].to<JsonArray>();
       for (climate::ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes())
-        opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
+        opt.add(json_state_str(climate::climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
     }
 
     if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
@@ -1549,12 +1579,12 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, Json
     if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("swing_modes")].to<JsonArray>();
       for (auto swing_mode : traits.get_supported_swing_modes())
-        opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_swing_mode_to_string(swing_mode)));
+        opt.add(json_state_str(climate::climate_swing_mode_to_string(swing_mode)));
     }
     if (traits.get_supports_presets()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("presets")].to<JsonArray>();
       for (climate::ClimatePreset m : traits.get_supported_presets())
-        opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_preset_to_string(m)));
+        opt.add(json_state_str(climate::climate_preset_to_string(m)));
     }
     if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("custom_presets")].to<JsonArray>();
@@ -1570,26 +1600,26 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, Json
   }
 
   bool has_state = false;
-  root[ESPHOME_F("mode")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_mode_to_string(obj->mode));
+  root[ESPHOME_F("mode")] = json_state_str(climate_mode_to_string(obj->mode));
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION)) {
-    root[ESPHOME_F("action")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_action_to_string(obj->action));
+    root[ESPHOME_F("action")] = json_state_str(climate_action_to_string(obj->action));
     root[ESPHOME_F("state")] = root[ESPHOME_F("action")];
     has_state = true;
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && obj->fan_mode.has_value()) {
-    root[ESPHOME_F("fan_mode")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_fan_mode_to_string(obj->fan_mode.value()));
+    root[ESPHOME_F("fan_mode")] = json_state_str(climate_fan_mode_to_string(obj->fan_mode.value()));
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && obj->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("custom_fan_mode")] = obj->get_custom_fan_mode();
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && obj->preset.has_value()) {
-    root[ESPHOME_F("preset")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_preset_to_string(obj->preset.value()));
+    root[ESPHOME_F("preset")] = json_state_str(climate_preset_to_string(obj->preset.value()));
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && obj->has_custom_preset()) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("custom_preset")] = obj->get_custom_preset();
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
-    root[ESPHOME_F("swing_mode")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_swing_mode_to_string(obj->swing_mode));
+    root[ESPHOME_F("swing_mode")] = json_state_str(climate_swing_mode_to_string(obj->swing_mode));
   }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE)) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("current_temperature")] =
@@ -1693,8 +1723,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::lock_json_(lock::Lock *obj, lock::LockSta
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
-  set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "lock", PSTR_LOCAL(lock::lock_state_to_string(value)), value, start_config);
+  set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "lock", json_state_str(lock::lock_state_to_string(value)), value, start_config);
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
@@ -1775,8 +1804,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::valve_json_(valve::Valve *obj, JsonDetail
 
   set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "valve", obj->is_fully_closed() ? "CLOSED" : "OPEN", obj->position,
                             start_config);
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
-  root[ESPHOME_F("current_operation")] = PSTR_LOCAL(valve::valve_operation_to_str(obj->current_operation));
+  root[ESPHOME_F("current_operation")] = json_state_str(valve::valve_operation_to_str(obj->current_operation));
 
   if (obj->get_traits().get_supports_position())
     root[ESPHOME_F("position")] = obj->position;
@@ -1861,9 +1889,8 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::alarm_control_panel_json_(alarm_control_p
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
-  set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "alarm-control-panel", PSTR_LOCAL(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(value)),
-                            value, start_config);
+  set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "alarm_control_panel",
+                            json_state_str(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(value)), value, start_config);
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
@@ -1935,10 +1962,9 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::water_heater_all_json_generator(WebServer
 json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
 
   const auto mode = obj->get_mode();
-  const char *mode_s = PSTR_LOCAL(water_heater::water_heater_mode_to_string(mode));
+  ProgmemStr mode_s = json_state_str(water_heater::water_heater_mode_to_string(mode));
 
   set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "water_heater", mode_s, mode, start_config);
 
@@ -1947,7 +1973,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHea
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     JsonArray modes = root[ESPHOME_F("modes")].to<JsonArray>();
     for (auto m : traits.get_supported_modes())
-      modes.add(PSTR_LOCAL(water_heater::water_heater_mode_to_string(m)));
+      modes.add(json_state_str(water_heater::water_heater_mode_to_string(m)));
     root[ESPHOME_F("min_temp")] = traits.get_min_temperature();
     root[ESPHOME_F("max_temp")] = traits.get_max_temperature();
     root[ESPHOME_F("step")] = traits.get_target_temperature_step();
@@ -2275,8 +2301,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_json_(update::UpdateEntity *obj, J
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
-  char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
-  set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "update", PSTR_LOCAL(update::update_state_to_string(obj->state)),
+  set_json_icon_state_value(root, obj, "update", json_state_str(update::update_state_to_string(obj->state)),
                             obj->update_info.latest_version, start_config);
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("current_version")] = obj->update_info.current_version;
@@ -2454,6 +2479,21 @@ void WebServer::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
     return;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS
+  // Private Network Access preflight carries a cross-origin Origin by design; its handler does the
+  // origin check itself, so let it run before the general enforcement below.
+  if (request->method() == HTTP_OPTIONS && request->hasHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Request-Private-Network"))) {
+    this->handle_pna_cors_request(request);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Reject cross-origin browser requests unless the origin is explicitly allowed.
+  if (!this->is_request_origin_allowed_(request, get_request_header(request, "Origin"))) {
+    request->send(403);
+    return;
+  }
+
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   if (url == ESPHOME_F("/events")) {
     this->events_.add_new_client(this, request);
@@ -2475,13 +2515,6 @@ void WebServer::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS
-  if (request->method() == HTTP_OPTIONS && request->hasHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Request-Private-Network"))) {
-    this->handle_pna_cors_request(request);
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-
   // Parse URL for component routing
   // Pass HTTP method to disambiguate 3-segment URLs (GET=sub-device state, POST=main device action)
   UrlMatch match = match_url(url.c_str(), url.length(), false, request->method() == HTTP_POST);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
index e4defdbd9a..0fbe4ec551 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSource final : public AsyncEventSource {
   void loop();
 
   void deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type, message_generator_t *message_generator);
-  void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
+  void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0,
+                        uint32_t reconnect = 0);
 };
 
 class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList final : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEventSource *> {
@@ -173,7 +174,8 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList final : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEvent
   bool loop();
 
   void deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type, message_generator_t *message_generator);
-  void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
+  void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0,
+                        uint32_t reconnect = 0);
 
   void add_new_client(WebServer *ws, AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
 };
@@ -240,6 +242,22 @@ class WebServer final : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHand
    */
   void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
 
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
+  /** Set the origins that browsers are allowed to make cross-origin requests from.
+   *
+   * Requests without an `Origin` header (e.g. non-browser clients like curl or the native API)
+   * are always allowed. Requests whose `Origin` matches the address the device is served on
+   * (same-origin) are always allowed. Any other browser origin must appear in this list, or the
+   * request is rejected. A single "*" entry allows any origin. Each other entry must exactly match
+   * the requesting page's `Origin` header (e.g. "https://example.com").
+   *
+   * This list is also used to authorize Private Network Access requests when that feature is enabled.
+   *
+   * @param origins The list of allowed origins.
+   */
+  void set_allowed_origins(std::initializer_list<const char *> origins) { this->allowed_origins_ = origins; }
+#endif
+
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
   /// Setup the internal web server and register handlers.
@@ -591,6 +609,16 @@ class WebServer final : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHand
   const char *js_include_{nullptr};
 #endif
   bool expose_log_{true};
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
+  // Extra origins allowed to make cross-origin browser requests ("*" means any origin).
+  // Only compiled when allowed_origins is configured; same-origin is always allowed regardless.
+  FixedVector<const char *> allowed_origins_;
+#endif
+
+  /// Check whether the given request Origin is permitted. Same-origin (matching the Host the
+  /// request was sent to) and requests without an Origin header are always allowed; any other
+  /// origin must be listed in allowed_origins. The caller passes the already-read Origin header.
+  bool is_request_origin_allowed_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const std::string &origin);
 
  private:
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
index b587841dfd..546e10ff5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 
 
-def AUTO_LOAD():
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return ["web_server_idf"]
     if CORE.using_arduino:
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ WebServerBase = web_server_base_ns.class_("WebServerBase")
 CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID = "web_server_base_id"
 
 
-def _consume_web_server_base_sockets(config):
+def _consume_web_server_base_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register the shared listening socket for the HTTP server.
 
     web_server_base is the shared HTTP server used by web_server and captive_portal.
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB_SERVER_BASE)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{web_server_base_ns}::global_web_server_base = {var}"))
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add_library("ESP8266WiFi", None)
         if CORE.is_libretiny:
             CORE.add_platformio_option("lib_ignore", ["ESPAsyncTCP", "RPAsyncTCP"])
-        if CORE.is_rp2040:
+        if CORE.is_rp2:
             # Ignore bundled AsyncTCP libraries - we use RPAsyncTCP from async_tcp component
             CORE.add_platformio_option(
                 "lib_ignore", ["ESPAsyncTCP", "AsyncTCP", "AsyncTCP_RP2040W"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
index ccfc04f674..873c5b5a49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ WebServerBase *global_web_server_base = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-av
 
 void WebServerBase::add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
-  if (!credentials_.username.empty()) {
+  if (credentials_.is_set()) {
     handler = new internal::AuthMiddlewareHandler(handler, &credentials_);
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
index c7162c139a..94579de70f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
@@ -46,9 +45,20 @@ class MiddlewareHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
+// All fields point to string literals in generated code; nothing is copied.
 struct Credentials {
-  std::string username;
-  std::string password;
+#if USE_ESP32 || defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+  const char *username{nullptr};
+  const char *password{nullptr};
+  bool is_set() const { return username != nullptr; }
+#else
+  // base64("username:password"), precomputed at codegen time. Used by every non-ESP32 basic
+  // auth build. The ESP8266 and RP2040 core libb64 wraps base64 output every 72 chars, so
+  // letting the library encode and compare fails for long credentials; instead the header
+  // payload is compared against this hash.
+  const char *basic_auth_hash{nullptr};
+  bool is_set() const { return basic_auth_hash != nullptr; }
+#endif
 };
 
 class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
@@ -57,9 +67,21 @@ class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
       : MiddlewareHandler(next), credentials_(credentials) {}
 
   bool check_auth(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
-    bool success = request->authenticate(credentials_->username.c_str(), credentials_->password.c_str());
+    // The scheme is chosen at build time (USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST); the unused path is
+    // compiled out. On ESP32 our own server picks the scheme internally.
+#if USE_ESP32 || defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+    bool success = request->authenticate(credentials_->username, credentials_->password);
+#else
+    bool success = request->authenticate(credentials_->basic_auth_hash);
+#endif
     if (!success) {
+#if USE_ESP32
       request->requestAuthentication();
+#elif defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+      request->requestAuthentication(nullptr, true);
+#else
+      request->requestAuthentication(nullptr, false);
+#endif
     }
     return success;
   }
@@ -88,11 +110,20 @@ class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-class WebServerBase {
+class WebServerBase final {
  public:
+  // The AsyncWebServer is created once and intentionally never deleted: on Arduino
+  // platforms ESPAsyncWebServer owns its registered handlers, so destroying it would
+  // also destroy live components (e.g. the captive portal) out from under us.
+  // init()/deinit() refcount users and start/stop the listener; handlers are
+  // registered once at creation and survive listener restarts.
   void init() {
-    if (this->initialized_) {
-      this->initialized_++;
+    this->initialized_++;
+    if (this->server_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->initialized_ == 1) {
+        // Restart the listener after a previous deinit()
+        this->server_->begin();
+      }
       return;
     }
     this->server_ = new AsyncWebServer(this->port_);
@@ -104,21 +135,24 @@ class WebServerBase {
 
     for (auto *handler : this->handlers_)
       this->server_->addHandler(handler);
-
-    this->initialized_++;
   }
   void deinit() {
+    if (this->initialized_ == 0)
+      return;  // unbalanced deinit()
     this->initialized_--;
     if (this->initialized_ == 0) {
-      delete this->server_;
-      this->server_ = nullptr;
+      this->server_->end();
     }
   }
   AsyncWebServer *get_server() const { return this->server_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
-  void set_auth_username(std::string auth_username) { credentials_.username = std::move(auth_username); }
-  void set_auth_password(std::string auth_password) { credentials_.password = std::move(auth_password); }
+#if USE_ESP32 || defined(USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST)
+  void set_auth_username(const char *auth_username) { credentials_.username = auth_username; }
+  void set_auth_password(const char *auth_password) { credentials_.password = auth_password; }
+#else
+  void set_auth_basic_hash(const char *hash) { credentials_.basic_auth_hash = hash; }
+#endif
 #endif
 
   void add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py
index 74a9d657a6..5a400dfbf3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
+    include_builtin_idf_component,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_defines
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@dentra"]
 
@@ -9,6 +14,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Increase the maximum supported size of headers section in HTTP request packet to be processed by the server
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_HTTPD_MAX_REQ_HDR_LEN", 1024)
+    # Re-enable esp-tls (excluded by default to save compile time);
+    # web_server_idf.cpp includes <esp_tls_crypto.h> for digest auth
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp-tls")
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_server")
+
+
+# multipart.cpp is fully #ifdef'd on USE_WEBSERVER_OTA (set by the
+# web_server OTA platform); skip it when OTA uploads are not configured.
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    {"multipart.cpp": "USE_WEBSERVER_OTA"}
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index c32acaf03e..9550570cdc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "web_server_idf.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
+#include <esp_random.h>
+#include <esp_rom_md5.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
 #include <multipart_parser.h>
 #include "multipart.h"  // For parse_multipart_boundary and other utils
@@ -32,15 +37,27 @@
 
 namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
 
+// Status strings not provided by esp_http_server.h
+#ifndef HTTPD_401
+#define HTTPD_401 "401 Unauthorized"
+#endif
 #ifndef HTTPD_409
 #define HTTPD_409 "409 Conflict"
 #endif
+#ifndef HTTPD_422
+#define HTTPD_422 "422 Unprocessable Entity"
+#endif
 
 #define CRLF_STR "\r\n"
 #define CRLF_LEN (sizeof(CRLF_STR) - 1)
 
 static const char *const TAG = "web_server_idf";
 
+// Chunk size for streaming request bodies; matches the Arduino AsyncWebServer buffer size.
+// Buffers of this size must live on the heap - the httpd task stack is too small.
+static constexpr size_t RECV_CHUNK_SIZE = 1460;
+static constexpr size_t YIELD_INTERVAL_BYTES = 16 * 1024;  // Yield every 16KB to prevent watchdog
+
 // Global instance to avoid guard variable (saves 8 bytes)
 // This is initialized at program startup before any threads
 namespace {
@@ -184,9 +201,10 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::request_post_handler(httpd_req_t *r) {
       return server->handle_multipart_upload_(r, content_type_char);
 #endif
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported content type for POST: %s", content_type_char);
-      // fallback to get handler to support backward compatibility
-      return AsyncWebServer::request_handler(r);
+      // Other content types (e.g. application/json) are delivered raw to a matching
+      // custom handler via handleBody(), like the Arduino AsyncWebServer does
+      auto *server = static_cast<AsyncWebServer *>(r->user_ctx);
+      return server->handle_raw_body_(r, content_type_char);
     }
   }
 
@@ -237,6 +255,51 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::request_handler_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const
   return ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
 }
 
+esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_raw_body_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *content_type) {
+  AsyncWebServerRequest req(r);
+  AsyncWebHandler *handler = nullptr;
+  for (auto *h : this->handlers_) {
+    if (h->canHandle(&req)) {
+      handler = h;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (handler == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported content type for POST: %s", content_type);
+    // fallback to get handler to support backward compatibility
+    return this->request_handler_(&req);
+  }
+
+  const size_t total = r->content_len;
+  if (total > 0) {
+    auto buffer = std::make_unique_for_overwrite<char[]>(RECV_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    size_t bytes_since_yield = 0;
+
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < total;) {
+      int recv_len = httpd_req_recv(r, buffer.get(), std::min(total - index, RECV_CHUNK_SIZE));
+
+      if (recv_len <= 0) {
+        httpd_resp_send_err(r, recv_len == HTTPD_SOCK_ERR_TIMEOUT ? HTTPD_408_REQ_TIMEOUT : HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+                            nullptr);
+        return recv_len == HTTPD_SOCK_ERR_TIMEOUT ? ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT : ESP_FAIL;
+      }
+
+      handler->handleBody(&req, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(buffer.get()), recv_len, index, total);
+      index += recv_len;
+      bytes_since_yield += recv_len;
+
+      if (bytes_since_yield > YIELD_INTERVAL_BYTES) {
+        vTaskDelay(1);
+        bytes_since_yield = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  handler->handleRequest(&req);
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
 AsyncWebServerRequest::~AsyncWebServerRequest() {
   delete this->rsp_;
   for (auto *param : this->params_) {
@@ -276,12 +339,24 @@ void AsyncWebServerRequest::init_response_(AsyncWebServerResponse *rsp, int code
     case 200:
       status = HTTPD_200;
       break;
+    case 204:
+      status = HTTPD_204;
+      break;
+    case 400:
+      status = HTTPD_400;
+      break;
+    case 401:
+      status = HTTPD_401;
+      break;
     case 404:
       status = HTTPD_404;
       break;
     case 409:
       status = HTTPD_409;
       break;
+    case 422:
+      status = HTTPD_422;
+      break;
     default:
       status = HTTPD_500;
       break;
@@ -302,6 +377,125 @@ void AsyncWebServerRequest::init_response_(AsyncWebServerResponse *rsp, int code
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
+
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
+namespace {
+
+// Extract the value of a Digest auth parameter (e.g. "nonce") from the comma-separated
+// parameter list. Values may be quoted or bare. Returns an empty ref when the key is absent.
+// Only whole parameter names match, so "nc" does not match inside "cnonce".
+StringRef digest_param(StringRef params, const char *key) {
+  size_t key_len = strlen(key);
+  const char *base = params.c_str();
+  size_t n = params.size();
+  size_t i = 0;
+  while (i < n) {
+    while (i < n && (base[i] == ' ' || base[i] == ','))
+      i++;
+    size_t name_start = i;
+    while (i < n && base[i] != '=' && base[i] != ',')
+      i++;
+    if (i >= n || base[i] == ',')
+      continue;  // token without a '=', skip it
+    size_t name_len = i - name_start;
+    while (name_len > 0 && base[name_start + name_len - 1] == ' ')
+      name_len--;
+    i++;  // consume '='
+    const char *val_start;
+    size_t val_len;
+    if (i < n && base[i] == '"') {
+      i++;
+      val_start = base + i;
+      while (i < n && base[i] != '"')
+        i++;
+      val_len = (base + i) - val_start;
+      if (i < n)
+        i++;  // consume closing quote
+    } else {
+      val_start = base + i;
+      while (i < n && base[i] != ',')
+        i++;
+      val_len = (base + i) - val_start;
+    }
+    if (name_len == key_len && memcmp(base + name_start, key, key_len) == 0)
+      return StringRef(val_start, val_len);
+    while (i < n && base[i] != ',')
+      i++;
+  }
+  return StringRef();
+}
+
+// Verify an RFC 2617 Digest response. Stateless (the nonce we issued is not tracked), which
+// matches the ESPAsyncWebServer backend used on the Arduino platforms.
+bool check_digest_auth(const char *username, const char *password, const std::string &header, const char *method) {
+  const size_t prefix_len = sizeof("Digest ") - 1;
+  StringRef params(header.c_str() + prefix_len, header.size() - prefix_len);
+
+  if (digest_param(params, "username") != username)
+    return false;
+
+  StringRef realm = digest_param(params, "realm");
+  StringRef nonce = digest_param(params, "nonce");
+  StringRef uri = digest_param(params, "uri");
+  StringRef qop = digest_param(params, "qop");
+  StringRef nc = digest_param(params, "nc");
+  StringRef cnonce = digest_param(params, "cnonce");
+  StringRef response = digest_param(params, "response");
+  if (response.size() != 32)
+    return false;
+
+  // Compute the three MD5 hashes by streaming the pieces straight into the ROM MD5 engine, so
+  // nothing is concatenated on the heap. Each hash is emitted as 32 lowercase hex characters.
+  md5_context_t ctx;
+  uint8_t digest[16];
+
+  // HA1 = MD5(username:realm:password) -- uses the realm the client echoed back.
+  char ha1[33];
+  esp_rom_md5_init(&ctx);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, username, strlen(username));
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, realm.c_str(), realm.size());
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, password, strlen(password));
+  esp_rom_md5_final(digest, &ctx);
+  format_hex_to(ha1, digest, sizeof(digest));
+
+  // HA2 = MD5(method:uri) -- uses the uri the client echoed back.
+  char ha2[33];
+  esp_rom_md5_init(&ctx);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, method, strlen(method));
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, uri.c_str(), uri.size());
+  esp_rom_md5_final(digest, &ctx);
+  format_hex_to(ha2, digest, sizeof(digest));
+
+  // expected = MD5(HA1:nonce:nc:cnonce:qop:HA2)
+  char expected[33];
+  esp_rom_md5_init(&ctx);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ha1, 32);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, nonce.c_str(), nonce.size());
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, nc.c_str(), nc.size());
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, cnonce.c_str(), cnonce.size());
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, qop.c_str(), qop.size());
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ":", 1);
+  esp_rom_md5_update(&ctx, ha2, 32);
+  esp_rom_md5_final(digest, &ctx);
+  format_hex_to(expected, digest, sizeof(digest));
+
+  // Constant-time comparison of the two 32-char hex digests.
+  uint8_t result = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 32; i++)
+    result |= static_cast<uint8_t>(expected[i] ^ response[i]);
+  return result == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+#endif  // USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
+
 bool AsyncWebServerRequest::authenticate(const char *username, const char *password) const {
   if (username == nullptr || password == nullptr || *username == 0) {
     return true;
@@ -313,9 +507,18 @@ bool AsyncWebServerRequest::authenticate(const char *username, const char *passw
 
   auto *auth_str = auth.value().c_str();
 
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
+  // The build fixed the scheme to Digest, so the Basic path is compiled out entirely.
+  const auto auth_prefix_len = sizeof("Digest ") - 1;
+  if (strncmp("Digest ", auth_str, auth_prefix_len) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Only Digest authorization supported");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return check_digest_auth(username, password, auth.value(), http_method_str(this->method()));
+#else
   const auto auth_prefix_len = sizeof("Basic ") - 1;
   if (strncmp("Basic ", auth_str, auth_prefix_len) != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Only Basic authorization supported yet");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Only Basic authorization supported");
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -364,16 +567,33 @@ bool AsyncWebServerRequest::authenticate(const char *username, const char *passw
     result |= static_cast<uint8_t>(digest[i] ^ provided_ch);
   }
   return result == 0;
+#endif  // USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServerRequest::requestAuthentication(const char *realm) const {
+void AsyncWebServerRequest::requestAuthentication() const {
   httpd_resp_set_hdr(*this, "Connection", "keep-alive");
-  // Note: realm is never configured in ESPHome, always nullptr -> "Login Required"
-  (void) realm;  // Unused - always use default
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
+  // Issue a fresh random nonce and opaque. The nonce is not stored, so this is stateless and
+  // does not defend against replay -- its purpose is to keep the password off the wire.
+  // The header value must stay alive until httpd_resp_send_err() below sends it, so the buffer
+  // lives on this stack frame (httpd_resp_set_hdr stores the pointer, it does not copy).
+  uint8_t random_bytes[16];
+  char nonce[33];
+  char opaque[33];
+  char header[160];
+  esp_fill_random(random_bytes, sizeof(random_bytes));
+  format_hex_to(nonce, random_bytes, sizeof(random_bytes));
+  esp_fill_random(random_bytes, sizeof(random_bytes));
+  format_hex_to(opaque, random_bytes, sizeof(random_bytes));
+  snprintf(header, sizeof(header), R"(Digest realm="Login Required", qop="auth", nonce="%s", opaque="%s")", nonce,
+           opaque);
+  httpd_resp_set_hdr(*this, "WWW-Authenticate", header);
+#else
   httpd_resp_set_hdr(*this, "WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"Login Required\"");
+#endif  // USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
   httpd_resp_send_err(*this, HTTPD_401_UNAUTHORIZED, nullptr);
 }
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
 
 AsyncWebParameter *AsyncWebServerRequest::getParam(const char *name) {
   // Check cache first - only successful lookups are cached
@@ -546,10 +766,11 @@ void AsyncEventSource::adopt_pending_sessions_main_loop_() {
 }
 // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 
-void AsyncEventSource::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
+void AsyncEventSource::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event, uint32_t id,
+                                        uint32_t reconnect) {
   for (auto *ses : this->sessions_) {
     if (ses->fd_.load() != 0) {  // Skip dead sessions
-      ses->try_send_nodefer(message, event, id, reconnect);
+      ses->try_send_nodefer(message, message_len, event, id, reconnect);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -600,7 +821,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::start_session_main_loop_() {
 
   // tcp send buffer is empty on connect, so these should always go through
   auto message = ws->get_config_json();
-  this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
+  this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), message.size(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_SORTING
   for (auto &group : ws->sorting_groups_) {
@@ -612,7 +833,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::start_session_main_loop_() {
 
     // a (very) large number of these should be able to be queued initially without defer
     // since the only thing in the send buffer at this point is the initial ping/config
-    this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "sorting_group");
+    this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), message.size(), "sorting_group");
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -647,7 +868,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::process_deferred_queue_() {
   while (!deferred_queue_.empty()) {
     DeferredEvent &de = deferred_queue_.front();
     auto message = de.message_generator_(web_server_, de.source_);
-    if (this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "state")) {
+    if (this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), message.size(), "state")) {
       // O(n) but memory efficiency is more important than speed here which is why std::vector was chosen
       deferred_queue_.erase(deferred_queue_.begin());
     } else {
@@ -714,11 +935,11 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::process_buffer_() {
 void AsyncEventSourceResponse::loop() {
   process_buffer_();
   process_deferred_queue_();
-  if (!this->entities_iterator_.completed())
-    this->entities_iterator_.advance();
+  // One step per loop; refusals retry next pass
+  this->entities_iterator_.try_advance(1);
 }
 
-bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id,
+bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event, uint32_t id,
                                                 uint32_t reconnect) {
   if (this->fd_.load() == 0) {
     return false;
@@ -764,19 +985,18 @@ bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char
 
     // Fast path: check if message contains any newlines at all
     // Most SSE messages (JSON state updates) have no newlines
-    const char *first_n = strchr(message, '\n');
-    const char *first_r = strchr(message, '\r');
+    const char *first_n = static_cast<const char *>(memchr(message, '\n', message_len));
+    const char *first_r = static_cast<const char *>(memchr(message, '\r', message_len));
 
     if (first_n == nullptr && first_r == nullptr) {
       // No newlines - fast path (most common case)
       event_buffer_.append("data: ", sizeof("data: ") - 1);
-      event_buffer_.append(message);
+      event_buffer_.append(message, message_len);
       event_buffer_.append(CRLF_STR CRLF_STR, CRLF_LEN * 2);  // data line + blank line terminator
     } else {
       // Has newlines - handle multi-line message
       const char *line_start = message;
-      size_t msg_len = strlen(message);
-      const char *msg_end = message + msg_len;
+      const char *msg_end = message + message_len;
 
       // Reuse the first search results
       const char *next_n = first_n;
@@ -789,7 +1009,7 @@ bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char
         if (next_n == nullptr && next_r == nullptr) {
           // No more line breaks - output remaining text as final line
           event_buffer_.append("data: ", sizeof("data: ") - 1);
-          event_buffer_.append(line_start);
+          event_buffer_.append(line_start, msg_end - line_start);
           event_buffer_.append(CRLF_STR, CRLF_LEN);
           break;
         }
@@ -828,8 +1048,8 @@ bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char
         }
 
         // Search for next newlines only in remaining string
-        next_n = strchr(line_start, '\n');
-        next_r = strchr(line_start, '\r');
+        next_n = static_cast<const char *>(memchr(line_start, '\n', msg_end - line_start));
+        next_r = static_cast<const char *>(memchr(line_start, '\r', msg_end - line_start));
       }
 
       // Terminate message with blank line
@@ -884,7 +1104,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *e
     deq_push_back_with_dedup_(source, message_generator);
   } else {
     auto message = message_generator(web_server_, source);
-    if (!this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "state")) {
+    if (!this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), message.size(), "state")) {
       deq_push_back_with_dedup_(source, message_generator);
     }
   }
@@ -893,9 +1113,6 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *e
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
 esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *content_type) {
-  static constexpr size_t MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE = 1460;       // Match Arduino AsyncWebServer buffer size
-  static constexpr size_t YIELD_INTERVAL_BYTES = 16 * 1024;  // Yield every 16KB to prevent watchdog
-
   // Parse boundary and create reader
   const char *boundary_start;
   size_t boundary_len;
@@ -949,12 +1166,11 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *c
     }
   });
 
-  // Use heap buffer - 1460 bytes is too large for the httpd task stack
-  auto buffer = std::make_unique_for_overwrite<char[]>(MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE);
+  auto buffer = std::make_unique_for_overwrite<char[]>(RECV_CHUNK_SIZE);
   size_t bytes_since_yield = 0;
 
   for (size_t remaining = r->content_len; remaining > 0;) {
-    int recv_len = httpd_req_recv(r, buffer.get(), std::min(remaining, MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE));
+    int recv_len = httpd_req_recv(r, buffer.get(), std::min(remaining, RECV_CHUNK_SIZE));
 
     if (recv_len <= 0) {
       httpd_resp_send_err(r, recv_len == HTTPD_SOCK_ERR_TIMEOUT ? HTTPD_408_REQ_TIMEOUT : HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index c622d53e89..6469b4c564 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -117,19 +117,13 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
   /// Write URL (without query string) to buffer, returns StringRef pointing to buffer.
   /// URL is decoded (e.g., %20 -> space).
   StringRef url_to(std::span<char, URL_BUF_SIZE> buffer) const;
-  // Remove before 2026.9.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use url_to() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string url() const {
-    char buffer[URL_BUF_SIZE];
-    return std::string(this->url_to(buffer));
-  }
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
   size_t contentLength() const { return this->req_->content_len; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
   bool authenticate(const char *username, const char *password) const;
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
-  void requestAuthentication(const char *realm = nullptr) const;
+  void requestAuthentication() const;
 #endif
 
   void redirect(const std::string &url);
@@ -233,6 +227,7 @@ class AsyncWebServer {
   static esp_err_t request_post_handler(httpd_req_t *r);
   esp_err_t request_handler_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const;
   static void safe_close_with_shutdown(httpd_handle_t hd, int sockfd);
+  esp_err_t handle_raw_body_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *content_type);
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
   esp_err_t handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *content_type);
 #endif
@@ -291,7 +286,8 @@ class AsyncEventSourceResponse {
   friend class AsyncEventSource;
 
  public:
-  bool try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
+  bool try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0,
+                        uint32_t reconnect = 0);
   void deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type, message_generator_t *message_generator);
   void loop();
 
@@ -343,7 +339,8 @@ class AsyncEventSource : public AsyncWebHandler {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
   void onConnect(connect_handler_t &&cb) { this->on_connect_ = std::move(cb); }
 
-  void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
+  void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, size_t message_len, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0,
+                        uint32_t reconnect = 0);
   void deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type, message_generator_t *message_generator);
   /// Returns true if there are sessions remaining (including pending cleanup).
   bool loop();
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
index bc80f167ef..8f0cf4ba33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["uart"]
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ WeikaiComponent = weikai_ns.class_("WeikaiComponent", cg.Component)
 WeikaiChannel = weikai_ns.class_("WeikaiChannel", uart.UARTComponent)
 
 
-def check_channel_max(value, max):
+def check_channel_max(value: ConfigType, max: int) -> ConfigType:
     channel_uniq = []
     channel_dup = []
     for x in value[CONF_UART]:
@@ -41,11 +43,11 @@ def check_channel_max(value, max):
     return value
 
 
-def check_channel_max_4(value):
+def check_channel_max_4(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return check_channel_max(value, 4)
 
 
-def check_channel_max_2(value):
+def check_channel_max_2(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return check_channel_max(value, 2)
 
 
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ WKBASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def register_weikai(var, config):
+async def register_weikai(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Register an weikai device with the given config."""
     cg.add(var.set_crystal(config[CONF_CRYSTAL]))
     cg.add(var.set_test_mode(config[CONF_TEST_MODE]))
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ async def register_weikai(var, config):
         cg.add(chan.set_parity(uart_elem[CONF_PARITY]))
 
 
-def validate_pin_mode(value):
+def validate_pin_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Checks input/output mode inconsistency"""
     if not (value[CONF_MODE][CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_MODE][CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
index 6f38f58318..02a39d3c84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
@@ -381,6 +381,15 @@ class WeikaiChannel : public uart::UARTComponent {
   /// we wait until all bytes are gone with a timeout of 100 ms
   uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  /// @brief Re-apply the current line settings (baud, parity, etc) to the channel.
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {
+    this->set_line_param_();
+    this->set_baudrate_();
+  }
+  using UARTComponent::load_settings;  // also bring in the no-arg overload for convenience
+#endif
+
  protected:
   friend class WeikaiComponent;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai_i2c/weikai_i2c.h b/esphome/components/weikai_i2c/weikai_i2c.h
index 940dbad9f2..6d8da031ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai_i2c/weikai_i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai_i2c/weikai_i2c.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class WeikaiRegisterI2C : public weikai::WeikaiRegister {
 /// @brief The WeikaiComponentI2C class stores the information to the WeiKai component
 /// connected through an I2C bus.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-class WeikaiComponentI2C : public weikai::WeikaiComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class WeikaiComponentI2C final : public weikai::WeikaiComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   weikai::WeikaiRegister &reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t channel) override {
     reg_i2c_.register_ = reg;
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai_spi/weikai_spi.h b/esphome/components/weikai_spi/weikai_spi.h
index 3b581ef44c..cdfa148c24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai_spi/weikai_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai_spi/weikai_spi.h
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ class WeikaiRegisterSPI : public weikai::WeikaiRegister {
 /// @brief The WeikaiComponentSPI class stores the information to the WeiKai component
 /// connected through an SPI bus.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-class WeikaiComponentSPI : public weikai::WeikaiComponent,
-                           public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
-                                                 spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
+class WeikaiComponentSPI final : public weikai::WeikaiComponent,
+                                 public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
+                                                       spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_1MHZ> {
  public:
   weikai::WeikaiRegister &reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t channel) override {
     reg_spi_.register_ = reg;
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py b/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py
index f969a505fb..3435a6c0bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -22,6 +23,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(WhirlpoolClimate).ext
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
index 03b4cf21a8..b705ee95fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const float WHIRLPOOL_DG11J1_3A_TEMP_MIN = 18.0;
 const float WHIRLPOOL_DG11J1_91_TEMP_MAX = 30.0;
 const float WHIRLPOOL_DG11J1_91_TEMP_MIN = 16.0;
 
-class WhirlpoolClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
+class WhirlpoolClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
  public:
   WhirlpoolClimate();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py b/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py
index bf33890d9c..36f0942281 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/whynter/climate.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -16,6 +17,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(Whynter).extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.h b/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.h
index d67bfa8fa0..fa8f201b05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const uint8_t TEMP_MAX_C = 32;  // Celsius
 const uint8_t TEMP_MIN_F = 61;  // Fahrenheit
 const uint8_t TEMP_MAX_F = 89;  // Fahrenheit
 
-class Whynter : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
+class Whynter final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
  public:
   Whynter()
       : climate_ir::ClimateIR(TEMP_MIN_C, TEMP_MAX_C, 1.0, true, true,
diff --git a/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py
index 36ec7bd43f..dd6e84ac25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wiegand/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import key_provider
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_KEY, CONF_ON_TAG, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ssieb"]
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_D0])
diff --git a/esphome/components/wiegand/wiegand.h b/esphome/components/wiegand/wiegand.h
index 33d81ba086..079f02ed68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wiegand/wiegand.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wiegand/wiegand.h
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ struct WiegandStore {
   static void d1_gpio_intr(WiegandStore *arg);
 };
 
-class WiegandTagTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {};
+class WiegandTagTrigger final : public Trigger<std::string> {};
 
-class WiegandRawTrigger : public Trigger<uint8_t, uint64_t> {};
+class WiegandRawTrigger final : public Trigger<uint8_t, uint64_t> {};
 
-class WiegandKeyTrigger : public Trigger<uint8_t> {};
+class WiegandKeyTrigger final : public Trigger<uint8_t> {};
 
-class Wiegand : public key_provider::KeyProvider, public Component {
+class Wiegand final : public key_provider::KeyProvider, public Component {
  public:
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 512fd63e12..4bb6629da1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import logging
 import math
+from typing import Any
 
-from esphome import automation
+from esphome import automation, preferences
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ENABLED, CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     const,
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     request_wifi,
 )
 from esphome.components.network import (
+    add_use_address,
+    get_network_priority,
     has_high_performance_networking,
     ip_address_literal,
 )
@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_SSID,
     CONF_STATIC_IP,
+    CONF_STORAGE,
     CONF_SUBNET,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TTLS_PHASE_2,
@@ -141,8 +145,8 @@ def has_native_wifi(
     """
     if platform == Platform.ESP32:
         return variant_has_wifi(variant) if variant else True
-    if platform == Platform.RP2040:
-        from esphome.components.rp2040 import board_id_has_wifi
+    if platform == Platform.RP2:
+        from esphome.components.rp2 import board_id_has_wifi
 
         return board_id_has_wifi(board) if board else True
     return platform in _WIFI_FIRST_PLATFORMS
@@ -299,7 +303,7 @@ def wifi_network_ap(value):
     if value is None:
         value = {}
     config = WIFI_NETWORK_AP(value)
-    if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config and CORE.is_rp2040:
+    if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config and CORE.is_rp2:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Manual AP IP configuration is not supported on RP2040. "
             "The AP uses the default IP 192.168.4.1"
@@ -322,8 +326,8 @@ def validate_variant(_):
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
         if variant in NO_WIFI_VARIANTS and "esp32_hosted" not in fv.full_config.get():
             raise cv.Invalid(f"WiFi requires component esp32_hosted on {variant}")
-    if CORE.is_rp2040:
-        from esphome.components.rp2040 import board_has_wifi, get_board
+    if CORE.is_rp2:
+        from esphome.components.rp2 import board_has_wifi, get_board
 
         if not board_has_wifi():
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -367,7 +371,7 @@ def _consume_wifi_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     DHCP/DNS). On ESP32, CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS only controls the POSIX socket
     layer — DHCP/DNS use raw udp_new() which bypasses it entirely.
     """
-    if not (CORE.is_bk72xx or CORE.is_rtl87xx or CORE.is_ln882x or CORE.is_rp2040):
+    if not (CORE.is_bk72xx or CORE.is_rtl87xx or CORE.is_ln882x or CORE.is_rp2):
         return config
     from esphome.components import socket
 
@@ -433,7 +437,39 @@ def _validate(config):
     return config
 
 
+def _report_provisioning_credentials(config):
+    """Report baked-in STA credentials to the provisioning component (if used).
+
+    `_validate` has already folded any ``ssid``/``password`` into ``networks``, so a
+    non-empty list means credentials are set in the config. `provisioning:` warns
+    about this, since a device that uses a provisioning window should get its
+    credentials on first connection instead.
+    """
+    if config.get(CONF_NETWORKS):
+        from esphome.components import provisioning
+
+        provisioning.report_hardcoded_credentials("wifi")
+    return config
+
+
 CONF_PASSIVE_SCAN = "passive_scan"
+
+FAST_CONNECT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLED, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        **preferences.storage_schema(),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _fast_connect_schema(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
+    """Accept the historic plain boolean (including boolean-like strings from
+    substitutions) or a dict with enabled/storage keys."""
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        value = {CONF_ENABLED: value}
+    return FAST_CONNECT_SCHEMA(value)
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -454,12 +490,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE,
                 esp8266="none",
                 esp32="light",
-                rp2040="light",
+                rp2="light",
                 bk72xx="none",
                 rtl87xx="none",
                 ln882x="light",
             ): cv.enum(WIFI_POWER_SAVE_MODES, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_FAST_CONNECT, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FAST_CONNECT, default=False): _fast_connect_schema,
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_ADDRESS): cv.string_strict,
             cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_AUTH_MODE): cv.All(
                 VALIDATE_WIFI_MIN_AUTH_MODE,
@@ -497,6 +533,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     _apply_min_auth_mode_default,
     _validate,
+    _report_provisioning_credentials,
 )
 
 
@@ -566,7 +603,11 @@ def wifi_network(config, ap, static_ip):
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.COMMUNICATION)
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    cg.add(var.set_use_address(config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS]))
+
+    prio = get_network_priority("wifi")
+    if prio is not None:
+        cg.set_setup_priority(var, prio)
+    add_use_address(var, config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS])
 
     # Track if any network uses Enterprise authentication
     has_eap = False
@@ -619,8 +660,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_power_save_mode(config[CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE]))
     if CONF_MIN_AUTH_MODE in config:
         cg.add(var.set_min_auth_mode(config[CONF_MIN_AUTH_MODE]))
-    if config[CONF_FAST_CONNECT]:
+    fast_connect = config[CONF_FAST_CONNECT]
+    if fast_connect[CONF_ENABLED]:
         cg.add_define("USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT")
+        # The storage default preserves this preference's historic location:
+        # ESP8266 has always used RTC memory; every other platform effectively
+        # used flash (the in_flash flag was previously ignored outside ESP8266).
+        if preferences.is_in_flash(fast_connect[CONF_STORAGE]):
+            cg.add_define("USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT_IN_FLASH")
     # passive_scan defaults to false in C++ - only set if true
     if config[CONF_PASSIVE_SCAN]:
         cg.add(var.set_passive_scan(True))
@@ -651,7 +698,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if CONF_PHY_MODE in config:
             cg.add_define("USE_WIFI_PHY_MODE")
             cg.add(var.set_phy_mode(config[CONF_PHY_MODE]))
-    elif CORE.is_rp2040:
+    elif CORE.is_rp2:
         cg.add_library("WiFi", None)
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
@@ -776,6 +823,7 @@ IP_STATE_LISTENERS_KEY = "wifi_ip_state_listeners"
 SCAN_RESULTS_LISTENERS_KEY = "wifi_scan_results_listeners"
 CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS_KEY = "wifi_connect_state_listeners"
 POWER_SAVE_LISTENERS_KEY = "wifi_power_save_listeners"
+SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_KEY = "wifi_scan_results_lock"
 
 
 def request_wifi_scan_results():
@@ -788,6 +836,19 @@ def request_wifi_scan_results():
     CORE.data[KEEP_SCAN_RESULTS_KEY] = True
 
 
+def request_wifi_scan_results_lock() -> None:
+    """Request that scan results be guarded by a lock for cross-task readers.
+
+    Components that read WiFi scan results from a task other than the main loop
+    (for example a web server handler) must call this function during their code
+    generation, and their C++ code must hold a wifi::ScanResultsLock while
+    iterating get_scan_result(). On multi-threaded platforms this compiles in a
+    lock that scan result writers hold; on single-threaded platforms it compiles
+    to nothing.
+    """
+    CORE.data[SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_KEY] = True
+
+
 def enable_runtime_power_save_control():
     """Enable runtime WiFi power save control.
 
@@ -849,6 +910,8 @@ async def final_step():
         cg.add_define("USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE")
     if CORE.data.get(RUNTIME_ROAMING_SUPPRESSION_KEY, False):
         cg.add_define("USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_ROAMING_SUPPRESSION")
+    if CORE.data.get(SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_KEY):
+        cg.add_define("USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK")
 
     # Generate listener defines - each listener type has its own #ifdef
     ip_state_count = CORE.data.get(IP_STATE_LISTENERS_KEY, 0)
@@ -919,7 +982,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
         },
-        "wifi_component_pico_w.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "wifi_component_pico_w.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO},
     }
 )
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/automation.h b/esphome/components/wifi/automation.h
index 1ad69b3992..e63faa18ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/automation.h
@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@
 
 namespace esphome::wifi {
 
-template<typename... Ts> class WiFiConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WiFiConnectedCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return global_wifi_component->is_connected(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class WiFiEnabledCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WiFiEnabledCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return !global_wifi_component->is_disabled(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class WiFiAPActiveCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WiFiAPActiveCondition final : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return global_wifi_component->is_ap_active(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class WiFiEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WiFiEnableAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { global_wifi_component->enable(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class WiFiDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WiFiDisableAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { global_wifi_component->disable(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class WiFiConfigureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Component {
+template<typename... Ts> class WiFiConfigureAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Component {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, ssid)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, password)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h b/esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a11c745da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::wifi {
+
+// A scan lists every BSSID, so one SSID can appear several times. Returns true for
+// the strongest entry per SSID (earliest on ties), never for hidden entries. scan
+// must be an element of results. with_auth is written only when returning true and
+// is set if any entry with that SSID needs a key. Templated for host tests.
+template<typename Results, typename Entry>
+bool should_show_scan_entry(const Results &results, const Entry &scan, bool &with_auth) {
+  if (scan.get_is_hidden())
+    return false;
+  const int8_t rssi = scan.get_rssi();
+  bool any_auth = false;
+  for (const auto &other : results) {
+    if (other.get_is_hidden() || !other.ssid_equals(scan))
+      continue;
+    // Same array, so address order is index order. scan fails both checks against itself.
+    if (other.get_rssi() > rssi || (other.get_rssi() == rssi && &other < &scan))
+      return false;
+    any_auth |= other.get_with_auth();
+  }
+  with_auth = any_auth;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wifi
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index ffc6ea8e14..d82929e5cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::wifi {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "wifi";
@@ -526,7 +530,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::log_discarded_scan_result_(const char *ssid, const uint8_t *
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   // Skip logging during roaming scans to avoid log buffer overflow
   // (roaming scans typically find many networks but only care about same-SSID APs)
-  if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+  if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
     return;
   }
   char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -614,8 +618,6 @@ static const char *eap_phase2_to_str(esp_eap_ttls_phase2_types type) {
 }
 #endif
 
-float WiFiComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
-
 void WiFiComponent::setup() {
   this->wifi_pre_setup_();
 
@@ -649,7 +651,13 @@ void WiFiComponent::start() {
 
   this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<wifi::SavedWifiSettings>(hash, true);
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
-  this->fast_connect_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<wifi::SavedWifiFastConnectSettings>(hash + 1, false);
+#ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT_IN_FLASH
+  const bool fast_connect_in_flash = true;
+#else
+  const bool fast_connect_in_flash = false;
+#endif
+  this->fast_connect_pref_ =
+      global_preferences->make_preference<wifi::SavedWifiFastConnectSettings>(hash + 1, fast_connect_in_flash);
 #endif
 
   SavedWifiSettings save{};
@@ -814,9 +822,18 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
           this->status_clear_warning();
           this->last_connected_ = now;
 
+#ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
+          // A driver-initiated roam (e.g. 802.11v BTM) re-associates without the
+          // state machine ever leaving STA_CONNECTED, so the notification the
+          // connected event marked pending would never be flushed by
+          // check_connecting_finished(). Cheap when nothing is pending: the
+          // method returns immediately on a single flag test.
+          this->notify_connect_state_listeners_();
+#endif
+
           // Post-connect roaming: check for better AP
           if (this->post_connect_roaming_) {
-            if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+            if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
               if (this->scan_done_) {
                 this->process_roaming_scan_();
               }
@@ -866,8 +883,20 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
 
     if (!this->has_ap() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
       if (now - this->last_connected_ > this->reboot_timeout_) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Can't connect; rebooting");
-        App.reboot();
+        bool suppress = false;
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+        // Don't reboot while a provisioning window is pending (device unprovisioned).
+        // The device is legitimately waiting to be onboarded (Wi-Fi must come up
+        // before the controller can set credentials), and an auto-reboot would reopen
+        // the window without the deliberate power cycle / reset that is meant to be
+        // required. Resumes normal reboot behavior once provisioned.
+        suppress = provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr &&
+                   provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->window_pending();
+#endif
+        if (!suppress) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Can't connect; rebooting");
+          App.reboot();
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -900,10 +929,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
 
 WiFiComponent::WiFiComponent() { global_wifi_component = this; }
 
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
-void WiFiComponent::set_btm(bool btm) { this->btm_ = btm; }
-void WiFiComponent::set_rrm(bool rrm) { this->rrm_ = rrm; }
-#endif
 network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
   if (this->has_sta())
     return this->wifi_sta_ip_addresses();
@@ -1086,7 +1111,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::connect_soon_() {
 
 void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   // Log connection attempt at INFO level with priority
-  char bssid_s[18];
+  char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   int8_t priority = 0;
 
   if (ap.has_bssid()) {
@@ -1296,8 +1321,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::disable() {
   this->wifi_mode_(false, false);
 }
 
-bool WiFiComponent::is_disabled() { return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED; }
-
 void WiFiComponent::start_scanning() {
   this->action_started_ = millis();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting scan");
@@ -1461,23 +1484,26 @@ void WiFiComponent::check_scanning_finished() {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found networks:");
-  for (auto &res : this->scan_result_) {
-    for (auto &ap : this->sta_) {
-      if (res.matches(ap)) {
-        res.set_matches(true);
-        // Cache priority lookup - do single search instead of 2 separate searches
-        const bssid_t &bssid = res.get_bssid();
-        if (!this->has_sta_priority(bssid)) {
-          this->set_sta_priority(bssid, ap.get_priority());
+  {
+    ScanResultsLock lock(this);
+    for (auto &res : this->scan_result_) {
+      for (auto &ap : this->sta_) {
+        if (res.matches(ap)) {
+          res.set_matches(true);
+          // Cache priority lookup - do single search instead of 2 separate searches
+          const bssid_t &bssid = res.get_bssid();
+          if (!this->has_sta_priority(bssid)) {
+            this->set_sta_priority(bssid, ap.get_priority());
+          }
+          res.set_priority(this->get_sta_priority(bssid));
+          break;
         }
-        res.set_priority(this->get_sta_priority(bssid));
-        break;
       }
     }
-  }
 
-  // Sort scan results using insertion sort for better memory efficiency
-  insertion_sort_scan_results(this->scan_result_);
+    // Sort scan results using insertion sort for better memory efficiency
+    insertion_sort_scan_results(this->scan_result_);
+  }
 
   // Log matching networks (non-matching already logged at VERBOSE in scan callback)
   for (auto &res : this->scan_result_) {
@@ -1642,7 +1668,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::check_connecting_finished(uint32_t now) {
     this->clear_all_bssid_priorities_();
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
-    this->save_fast_connect_settings_();
+    this->save_fast_connect_settings_(this->wifi_bssid(), get_wifi_channel());
 #endif
 
     this->release_scan_results_();
@@ -1863,11 +1889,13 @@ bool WiFiComponent::transition_to_phase_(WiFiRetryPhase new_phase) {
   // Phase-specific setup
   switch (new_phase) {
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
-    case WiFiRetryPhase::FAST_CONNECT_CYCLING_APS:
+    case WiFiRetryPhase::FAST_CONNECT_CYCLING_APS: {
       // Move to next configured AP - clear old scan data so new AP is tried with config only
       this->selected_sta_index_++;
+      ScanResultsLock lock(this);
       this->scan_result_.clear();
       break;
+    }
 #endif
 
     case WiFiRetryPhase::EXPLICIT_HIDDEN:
@@ -2032,7 +2060,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::log_and_adjust_priority_for_failed_connect_() {
         (old_priority > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min()) ? (old_priority - 1) : std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min();
     this->set_sta_priority(failed_bssid.value(), new_priority);
   }
-  char bssid_s[18];
+  char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_upper(failed_bssid.value().data(), bssid_s);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Failed " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") " " LOG_SECRET("(%s)") ", priority %d → %d", ssid != nullptr ? ssid : "",
            bssid_s, old_priority, new_priority);
@@ -2116,7 +2144,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::retry_connect() {
     // Roam connection failed - transition to reconnecting
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Roam failed, reconnecting (attempt %u/%u)", this->roaming_attempts_, ROAMING_MAX_ATTEMPTS);
     this->roaming_state_ = RoamingState::RECONNECTING;
-  } else if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+  } else if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
     // Disconnected during roam scan - transition to RECONNECTING so the attempts
     // counter is preserved when reconnection succeeds (IDLE would reset it)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Disconnected during roam scan (attempt %u/%u)", this->roaming_attempts_, ROAMING_MAX_ATTEMPTS);
@@ -2160,7 +2188,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::retry_connect() {
   }
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 void WiFiComponent::set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save) {
   this->power_save_ = power_save;
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE)
@@ -2168,8 +2195,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save) {
 #endif
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::set_passive_scan(bool passive) { this->passive_scan_ = passive; }
-
 bool WiFiComponent::is_captive_portal_active_() {
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
   return captive_portal::global_captive_portal != nullptr && captive_portal::global_captive_portal->is_active();
@@ -2265,9 +2290,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::load_fast_connect_settings_(WiFiAP &params) {
   return false;
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::save_fast_connect_settings_() {
-  bssid_t bssid = wifi_bssid();
-  uint8_t channel = get_wifi_channel();
+void WiFiComponent::save_fast_connect_settings_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel) {
   // selected_sta_index_ is always valid here (called only after successful connection)
   // Fallback to 0 is defensive programming for robustness
   int8_t ap_index = this->selected_sta_index_ >= 0 ? this->selected_sta_index_ : 0;
@@ -2290,33 +2313,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::save_fast_connect_settings_() {
 }
 #endif
 
-void WiFiAP::set_ssid(const std::string &ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size()); }
-void WiFiAP::set_ssid(const char *ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid, strlen(ssid)); }
-void WiFiAP::set_bssid(const bssid_t &bssid) { this->bssid_ = bssid; }
-void WiFiAP::clear_bssid() { this->bssid_ = {}; }
-void WiFiAP::set_password(const std::string &password) {
-  this->password_ = CompactString(password.c_str(), password.size());
-}
-void WiFiAP::set_password(const char *password) { this->password_ = CompactString(password, strlen(password)); }
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-void WiFiAP::set_eap(optional<EAPAuth> eap_auth) { this->eap_ = std::move(eap_auth); }
-#endif
-void WiFiAP::set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
-void WiFiAP::clear_channel() { this->channel_ = 0; }
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-void WiFiAP::set_manual_ip(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
-#endif
-void WiFiAP::set_hidden(bool hidden) { this->hidden_ = hidden; }
-const bssid_t &WiFiAP::get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
-bool WiFiAP::has_bssid() const { return this->bssid_ != bssid_t{}; }
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-const optional<EAPAuth> &WiFiAP::get_eap() const { return this->eap_; }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-const optional<ManualIP> &WiFiAP::get_manual_ip() const { return this->manual_ip_; }
-#endif
-bool WiFiAP::get_hidden() const { return this->hidden_; }
-
 WiFiScanResult::WiFiScanResult(const bssid_t &bssid, const char *ssid, size_t ssid_len, uint8_t channel, int8_t rssi,
                                bool with_auth, bool is_hidden)
     : bssid_(bssid),
@@ -2362,14 +2358,6 @@ bool WiFiScanResult::matches(const WiFiAP &config) const {
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool WiFiScanResult::get_matches() const { return this->matches_; }
-void WiFiScanResult::set_matches(bool matches) { this->matches_ = matches; }
-const bssid_t &WiFiScanResult::get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
-uint8_t WiFiScanResult::get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
-int8_t WiFiScanResult::get_rssi() const { return this->rssi_; }
-bool WiFiScanResult::get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth_; }
-bool WiFiScanResult::get_is_hidden() const { return this->is_hidden_; }
-
 bool WiFiScanResult::operator==(const WiFiScanResult &rhs) const { return this->bssid_ == rhs.bssid_; }
 
 void WiFiComponent::clear_roaming_state_() {
@@ -2380,9 +2368,29 @@ void WiFiComponent::clear_roaming_state_() {
   this->roaming_state_ = RoamingState::IDLE;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+void WiFiComponent::handle_driver_roam_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel) {
+  // A driver-initiated roam (e.g. 802.11v BTM) re-associates without the state
+  // machine ever leaving STA_CONNECTED, so check_connecting_finished() never runs.
+  // Redo its post-connect bookkeeping here. roaming_state_ is deliberately left
+  // untouched so an in-flight roaming scan is not orphaned. The BSSID and
+  // channel both come from the connected event so the saved pair is consistent:
+  // the radio may be off-channel during a roaming scan, and a later queued
+  // event may have moved the driver on again by the time this one is processed.
+  this->roaming_last_check_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->roaming_attempts_ = 0;
+  this->roaming_scan_end_ = 0;
+  this->clear_all_bssid_priorities_();
+#ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
+  this->save_fast_connect_settings_(bssid, channel);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
 void WiFiComponent::release_scan_results_() {
   if (!this->keep_scan_results_) {
-#if defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+    ScanResultsLock lock(this);
+#if defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ESP32)
     // std::vector - use swap trick since shrink_to_fit is non-binding
     decltype(this->scan_result_)().swap(this->scan_result_);
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index c774e3a68e..cfdbc1a968 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 extern "C" {
 #include "cyw43.h"
 #include "cyw43_country.h"
@@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <freertos/semphr.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// Forward declaration matching esp_netif's own typedef; avoids pulling esp_netif.h
+// into this widely-included header.
+using esp_netif_t = struct esp_netif_obj;
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::wifi {
 
 /// Sentinel value for RSSI when WiFi is not connected
@@ -181,12 +188,19 @@ static constexpr size_t WIFI_SCAN_RESULT_FILTERED_RESERVE = 8;
 
 // Use std::vector for RP2040 (callback-based) and ESP32 (destructive scan API)
 // Use FixedVector for ESP8266 and LibreTiny where two-pass exact allocation is possible
-#if defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ESP32)
 template<typename T> using wifi_scan_vector_t = std::vector<T>;
 #else
 template<typename T> using wifi_scan_vector_t = FixedVector<T>;
 #endif
 
+// A consumer component (e.g. the captive portal) reads scan results from another
+// task; guard them with a real lock only on platforms that actually run multiple
+// threads. See ScanResultsLock below the WiFiComponent class.
+#if defined(USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK) && !defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE)
+#define WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_ENABLED
+#endif
+
 /// 20-byte string: 18 chars inline + null, heap for longer. Always null-terminated.
 /// Used internally for WiFi SSID/password storage to reduce heap fragmentation.
 class CompactString {
@@ -248,38 +262,38 @@ class WiFiAP {
   friend class WiFiScanResult;
 
  public:
-  void set_ssid(const std::string &ssid);
-  void set_ssid(const char *ssid);
+  void set_ssid(const std::string &ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size()); }
+  void set_ssid(const char *ssid) { this->set_ssid(StringRef(ssid)); }
   void set_ssid(StringRef ssid) { this->ssid_ = CompactString(ssid.c_str(), ssid.size()); }
-  void set_bssid(const bssid_t &bssid);
-  void clear_bssid();
-  void set_password(const std::string &password);
-  void set_password(const char *password);
+  void set_bssid(const bssid_t &bssid) { this->bssid_ = bssid; }
+  void clear_bssid() { this->bssid_ = {}; }
+  void set_password(const std::string &password) { this->password_ = CompactString(password.c_str(), password.size()); }
+  void set_password(const char *password) { this->set_password(StringRef(password)); }
   void set_password(StringRef password) { this->password_ = CompactString(password.c_str(), password.size()); }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  void set_eap(optional<EAPAuth> eap_auth);
+  void set_eap(optional<EAPAuth> eap_auth) { this->eap_ = std::move(eap_auth); }
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  void set_channel(uint8_t channel);
-  void clear_channel();
+  void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
+  void clear_channel() { this->channel_ = 0; }
   void set_priority(int8_t priority) { priority_ = priority; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-  void set_manual_ip(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip);
+  void set_manual_ip(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
 #endif
-  void set_hidden(bool hidden);
+  void set_hidden(bool hidden) { this->hidden_ = hidden; }
   StringRef get_ssid() const { return this->ssid_.ref(); }
   StringRef get_password() const { return this->password_.ref(); }
-  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const;
-  bool has_bssid() const;
+  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
+  bool has_bssid() const { return this->bssid_ != bssid_t{}; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  const optional<EAPAuth> &get_eap() const;
+  const optional<EAPAuth> &get_eap() const { return this->eap_; }
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
   uint8_t get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
   bool has_channel() const { return this->channel_ != 0; }
   int8_t get_priority() const { return priority_; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-  const optional<ManualIP> &get_manual_ip() const;
+  const optional<ManualIP> &get_manual_ip() const { return this->manual_ip_; }
 #endif
-  bool get_hidden() const;
+  bool get_hidden() const { return this->hidden_; }
 
  protected:
   CompactString ssid_;
@@ -306,14 +320,15 @@ class WiFiScanResult {
 
   bool matches(const WiFiAP &config) const;
 
-  bool get_matches() const;
-  void set_matches(bool matches);
-  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const;
+  bool get_matches() const { return this->matches_; }
+  void set_matches(bool matches) { this->matches_ = matches; }
+  const bssid_t &get_bssid() const { return this->bssid_; }
   StringRef get_ssid() const { return this->ssid_.ref(); }
-  uint8_t get_channel() const;
-  int8_t get_rssi() const;
-  bool get_with_auth() const;
-  bool get_is_hidden() const;
+  uint8_t get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
+  int8_t get_rssi() const { return this->rssi_; }
+  bool get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth_; }
+  bool get_is_hidden() const { return this->is_hidden_; }
+  bool ssid_equals(const WiFiScanResult &other) const { return this->ssid_ == other.ssid_; }
   int8_t get_priority() const { return priority_; }
   void set_priority(int8_t priority) { priority_ = priority; }
 
@@ -428,6 +443,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
   // Returns a copy of the currently selected AP configuration
   WiFiAP get_sta() const;
+  // init_sta/add_sta kept out of line: inlining them into the generated setup() grows flash
   void init_sta(size_t count);
   void add_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
   void clear_sta();
@@ -447,7 +463,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   void enable();
   void disable();
-  bool is_disabled();
+  bool is_disabled() { return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED; }
   void start_scanning();
   void check_scanning_finished();
   void start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap);
@@ -458,10 +474,23 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   void retry_connect();
 
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
+  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 
   bool is_connected() const { return this->connected_; }
 
+  /// True while a post-connect roaming scan holds the radio off-channel.
+  bool is_roaming_scan_active() const { return this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING; }
+
+  /// True while a post-connect roam is in progress (scanning off-channel, reassociating,
+  /// or recovering from a failed roam).
+  bool is_roaming() const { return this->roaming_state_ != RoamingState::IDLE; }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// esp_netif handle of the station interface, used by network for default-route
+  /// arbitration. nullptr until wifi_lazy_init_() has run.
+  esp_netif_t *get_esp_netif_sta();
+#endif
+
   void set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save);
   void set_min_auth_mode(WifiMinAuthMode min_auth_mode) { min_auth_mode_ = min_auth_mode; }
   void set_output_power(float output_power) { output_power_ = output_power; }
@@ -472,7 +501,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void set_phy_mode(WiFi8266PhyMode phy_mode) { this->phy_mode_ = phy_mode; }
 #endif
 
-  void set_passive_scan(bool passive);
+  void set_passive_scan(bool passive) { this->passive_scan_ = passive; }
 
   void save_wifi_sta(const std::string &ssid, const std::string &password);
   void save_wifi_sta(const char *ssid, const char *password);
@@ -486,7 +515,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void restart_adapter();
   /// WIFI setup_priority.
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
   /// Reconnect WiFi if required.
   void loop() override;
 
@@ -495,15 +524,20 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   bool is_ap_active() const { return this->ap_started_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
-  void set_btm(bool btm);
-  void set_rrm(bool rrm);
+  void set_btm(bool btm) { this->btm_ = btm; }
+  void set_rrm(bool rrm) { this->rrm_ = rrm; }
 #endif
 
   network::IPAddress get_dns_address(int num);
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
+  /// Returns nullptr when no explicit use_address is configured and the address is
+  /// derived at runtime from the device name (see network::get_use_address_to()).
   const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
   void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
 
+  /// Main-loop callers may read this directly. Callers on any other task must
+  /// hold a ScanResultsLock for the whole iteration and must call
+  /// wifi.request_wifi_scan_results_lock() from their code generation.
   const wifi_scan_vector_t<WiFiScanResult> &get_scan_result() const { return scan_result_; }
 
   network::IPAddress wifi_soft_ap_ip();
@@ -525,9 +559,6 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   void set_sta_priority(bssid_t bssid, int8_t priority);
 
   network::IPAddresses wifi_sta_ip_addresses();
-  // Remove before 2026.9.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use wifi_ssid_to() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string wifi_ssid();
   /// Write SSID to buffer without heap allocation.
   /// Returns pointer to buffer, or empty string if not connected.
   const char *wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer);
@@ -769,13 +800,19 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
   bool load_fast_connect_settings_(WiFiAP &params);
-  void save_fast_connect_settings_();
+  void save_fast_connect_settings_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel);
 #endif
 
   // Post-connect roaming methods
   void check_roaming_(uint32_t now);
   void process_roaming_scan_();
   void clear_roaming_state_();
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// Redo post-connect bookkeeping after a driver-initiated roam (e.g. 802.11v BTM)
+  /// @param bssid The new AP's BSSID, taken from the connected event
+  /// @param channel The new AP's channel, taken from the connected event
+  void handle_driver_roam_(const bssid_t &bssid, uint8_t channel);
+#endif
 
   /// Returns true if a component has requested that roaming scans be suppressed (e.g. during audio playback).
   bool roaming_suppressed_() const {
@@ -815,9 +852,11 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   friend void event_handler(void *arg, esp_event_base_t event_base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+  friend class ScanResultsLock;
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2
   static int s_wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result);
-  void wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result);
+  void wifi_scan_result_(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
@@ -829,7 +868,11 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   // Large/pointer-aligned members first
   FixedVector<WiFiAP> sta_;
   std::vector<WiFiSTAPriority> sta_priorities_;
+  // Guarded by ScanResultsLock (see below this class)
   wifi_scan_vector_t<WiFiScanResult> scan_result_;
+#ifdef WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_ENABLED
+  Mutex scan_result_lock_;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
   WiFiAP ap_;
 #endif
@@ -915,6 +958,14 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   // On ESP8266, written from SDK system context (wifi_event_callback) —
   // uint8_t writes are atomic on Xtensa LX106 so no synchronization is needed.
   uint8_t sta_state_{0};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+  // First attempt since STA-up (re-armed on every STA off->on); the
+  // pre-attempt teardown is skipped then.
+  bool lt_first_connect_attempt_{true};
+  // A self-inflicted disconnect from that teardown is pending; it must not
+  // consume an ignored-disconnect slot.
+  bool lt_teardown_event_pending_{false};
 #endif
   RetryHiddenMode retry_hidden_mode_{RetryHiddenMode::BLIND_RETRY};
   RoamingState roaming_state_{RoamingState::IDLE};
@@ -996,10 +1047,30 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
   // ONLY set from Python-generated code with string literals - never dynamic strings.
-  const char *use_address_{""};
+  const char *use_address_{nullptr};
 };
 
 extern WiFiComponent *global_wifi_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
+/// Guards WiFiComponent::scan_result_. Invariant: every mutation and every read
+/// from outside the main loop holds this lock, and holders only do bounded work
+/// (never unbounded waits or network sends). On every platform where the lock is
+/// enabled (ESP32, LibreTiny) scan-done events are drained from the event queue
+/// on the main loop, so all writers are main-loop there and main-loop reads take
+/// no lock. Single-threaded platforms write from driver context and the lock is
+/// a no-op. Compiles to nothing unless a cross-task reader is in the build and
+/// the platform is multi-threaded (WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_ENABLED).
+class ScanResultsLock {
+ public:
+#ifdef WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_ENABLED
+  ScanResultsLock(WiFiComponent *parent) : guard_(parent->scan_result_lock_) {}
+
+ private:
+  LockGuard guard_;
+#else
+  ScanResultsLock(WiFiComponent *) {}
+#endif
+};
+
 }  // namespace esphome::wifi
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 84b864c0c5..b4a91fb3cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -136,10 +136,21 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_power_save_() {
   https://github.com/d-a-v/Arduino/blob/0e7d21e17144cfc5f53c016191daca8723e89ee8/libraries/ESP8266WiFi/src/ESP8266WiFiSTA.cpp#L251
  */
 #undef netif_set_addr  // need to call lwIP-v1.4 netif_set_addr()
+#undef netif_set_down  // need to call lwIP-v1.4 netif_set_down()
 extern "C" {
 struct netif *eagle_lwip_getif(int netif_index);
 void netif_set_addr(struct netif *netif, const ip4_addr_t *ip, const ip4_addr_t *netmask, const ip4_addr_t *gw);
+void netif_set_down(struct netif *netif);
 };
+
+// The SDK can free its WiFi connection node before taking the STA netif down, letting lwIP
+// timers (e.g. IGMP reports armed by mDNS) transmit into the dead driver and crash in
+// cnx_node_search; taking the netif down first makes the glue drop such frames (#18308).
+static void sta_netif_down() {
+  struct netif *iface = eagle_lwip_getif(STATION_IF);
+  if (iface != nullptr)
+    netif_set_down(iface);
+}
 #endif
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
@@ -516,13 +527,16 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback(System_Event_t *event) {
                  (const char *) it.ssid);
         global_wifi_component->sta_state_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(ESP8266WiFiSTAState::ERROR_NOT_FOUND);
       } else {
-        char bssid_s[18];
+        char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
         format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%.*s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", it.ssid_len,
                  (const char *) it.ssid, bssid_s, LOG_STR_ARG(get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason)));
         global_wifi_component->sta_state_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(ESP8266WiFiSTAState::ERROR_FAILED);
       }
       global_wifi_component->error_from_callback_ = true;
+#if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR != 1
+      sta_netif_down();
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
       global_wifi_component->pending_.disconnect = true;
 #endif
@@ -536,6 +550,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback(System_Event_t *event) {
       // https://lbsfilm.at/blog/wpa2-authenticationmode-downgrade-in-espressif-microprocessors
       if (it.old_mode != AUTH_OPEN && it.new_mode == AUTH_OPEN) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Potential Authmode downgrade detected, disconnecting");
+#if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR != 1
+        sta_netif_down();
+#endif
         wifi_station_disconnect();
         global_wifi_component->error_from_callback_ = true;
       }
@@ -700,7 +717,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
   static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_ACTIVE_MAX_DEFAULT_MS = 500;
   static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_ACTIVE_MIN_ROAMING_MS = 100;
   static constexpr uint32_t SCAN_ACTIVE_MAX_ROAMING_MS = 300;
-  bool roaming = this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING;
+  bool roaming = this->is_roaming_scan_active();
   if (passive) {
     config.scan_time.passive = roaming ? SCAN_PASSIVE_ROAMING_MS : SCAN_PASSIVE_DEFAULT_MS;
   } else {
@@ -719,8 +736,12 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_disconnect_() {
   bool ret = true;
   // Only call disconnect if interface is up
-  if (wifi_get_opmode() & WIFI_STA)
+  if (wifi_get_opmode() & WIFI_STA) {
+#if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR != 1
+    sta_netif_down();
+#endif
     ret = wifi_station_disconnect();
+  }
   station_config conf{};
   memset(&conf, 0, sizeof(conf));
   ETS_UART_INTR_DISABLE();
@@ -733,6 +754,8 @@ void WiFiComponent::s_wifi_scan_done_callback(void *arg, STATUS status) {
 }
 
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_done_callback_(void *arg, STATUS status) {
+  // Compiles to nothing here; kept so every scan_result_ mutation holds the lock
+  ScanResultsLock lock(this);
   this->scan_result_.clear();
 
   if (status != OK) {
@@ -921,16 +944,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
   }
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() {
-  struct station_config conf {};
-  if (!wifi_station_get_config(&conf)) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  // conf.ssid is uint8[32], not null-terminated if full
-  auto *ssid_s = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(conf.ssid);
-  size_t len = strnlen(ssid_s, sizeof(conf.ssid));
-  return {ssid_s, len};
-}
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   struct station_config conf {};
   if (!wifi_station_get_config(&conf)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 2ade015a25..ce75d21330 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -140,11 +140,6 @@ void event_handler(void *arg, esp_event_base_t event_base, int32_t event_id, voi
 }
 
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_pre_setup_() {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
-  if (has_custom_mac_address()) {
-    get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-    set_mac_address(mac);
-  }
   // Network interface setup handled by network component
   s_wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();
   if (s_wifi_event_group == nullptr) {
@@ -580,7 +575,14 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
     // lwIP starts the SNTP client if it gets an SNTP server from DHCP. We don't need the time, and more importantly,
     // the built-in SNTP client has a memory leak in certain situations. Disable this feature.
     // https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues/2299
-    sntp_servermode_dhcp(false);
+    {
+#if SNTP_GET_SERVERS_FROM_DHCP || SNTP_GET_SERVERS_FROM_DHCPV6
+      // sntp_servermode_dhcp() is an empty macro unless lwIP is built with
+      // DHCP-supplied NTP servers, so only that build needs the core lock.
+      LwIPLock lock;
+#endif
+      sntp_servermode_dhcp(false);
+    }
 
     // No manual IP is set; use DHCP client
     if (dhcp_status != ESP_NETIF_DHCP_STARTED) {
@@ -620,6 +622,8 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   return true;
 }
 
+esp_netif_t *WiFiComponent::get_esp_netif_sta() { return s_sta_netif; }
+
 network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   if (!this->has_sta())
     return {};
@@ -825,6 +829,19 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
              (const char *) it.ssid, bssid_buf, it.channel, get_auth_mode_str(it.authmode));
 #endif
     s_sta_connected = true;
+    if (this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTED) {
+      // Driver-initiated roam: the WIFI_REASON_ROAMING disconnect was ignored,
+      // so the state machine never left STA_CONNECTED.
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
+      char roam_bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, roam_bssid_s);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Roamed ssid='%.*s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " channel=%u", it.ssid_len, (const char *) it.ssid,
+               roam_bssid_s, it.channel);
+#endif
+      bssid_t roam_bssid;
+      std::copy(it.bssid, it.bssid + 6, roam_bssid.begin());
+      this->handle_driver_roam_(roam_bssid, it.channel);
+    }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
     // Defer listener notification until state machine reaches STA_CONNECTED
     // This ensures wifi.connected condition returns true in listener automations
@@ -847,7 +864,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%.*s' reason='Station Roaming'", it.ssid_len, (const char *) it.ssid);
       return;
     } else {
-      char bssid_s[18];
+      char bssid_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%.*s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", it.ssid_len,
                (const char *) it.ssid, bssid_s, get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason));
@@ -891,65 +908,65 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
     const auto &it = data->data.sta_scan_done;
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan done: status=%" PRIu32 " number=%u scan_id=%u", it.status, it.number, it.scan_id);
 
-    scan_result_.clear();
-    this->scan_done_ = true;
-    if (it.status != 0) {
-      // scan error
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (it.number == 0) {
-      // no results
-      return;
-    }
-
     uint16_t number = it.number;
     bool needs_full = this->needs_full_scan_results_();
+    {
+      // Mutate in place under the lock; blocking a portal request is fine and
+      // avoids scratch buffers
+      ScanResultsLock lock(this);
+      this->scan_result_.clear();
+      this->scan_done_ = true;
+      if (it.status != 0) {
+        // scan error
+        return;
+      }
 
-    // Smart reserve: full capacity if needed, small reserve otherwise
-    if (needs_full) {
-      this->scan_result_.reserve(number);
-    } else {
-      this->scan_result_.reserve(WIFI_SCAN_RESULT_FILTERED_RESERVE);
-    }
+      if (number == 0) {
+        // no results
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Smart reserve: full capacity if needed, small reserve otherwise
+      this->scan_result_.reserve(needs_full ? number : WIFI_SCAN_RESULT_FILTERED_RESERVE);
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_HOSTED
-    // getting records one at a time fails on P4 with hosted esp32 WiFi coprocessor
-    // Presumably an upstream bug, work-around by getting all records at once
-    // Use stack buffer (3904 bytes / ~80 bytes per record = ~48 records) with heap fallback
-    static constexpr size_t SCAN_RECORD_STACK_COUNT = 3904 / sizeof(wifi_ap_record_t);
-    SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<SCAN_RECORD_STACK_COUNT, wifi_ap_record_t> records(number);
-    err = esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_records(&number, records.get());
-    if (err != ESP_OK) {
-      esp_wifi_clear_ap_list();
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_records failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-      return;
-    }
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number; i++) {
-      wifi_ap_record_t &record = records.get()[i];
-#else
-    // Process one record at a time to avoid large buffer allocation
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number; i++) {
-      wifi_ap_record_t record;
-      err = esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_record(&record);
+      // getting records one at a time fails on P4 with hosted esp32 WiFi coprocessor
+      // Presumably an upstream bug, work-around by getting all records at once
+      // Use stack buffer (3904 bytes / ~80 bytes per record = ~48 records) with heap fallback
+      static constexpr size_t SCAN_RECORD_STACK_COUNT = 3904 / sizeof(wifi_ap_record_t);
+      SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<SCAN_RECORD_STACK_COUNT, wifi_ap_record_t> records(number);
+      err = esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_records(&number, records.get());
       if (err != ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_record failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-        esp_wifi_clear_ap_list();  // Free remaining records not yet retrieved
-        break;
+        esp_wifi_clear_ap_list();
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_records failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+        return;
       }
+      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number; i++) {
+        wifi_ap_record_t &record = records.get()[i];
+#else
+      // Process one record at a time to avoid large buffer allocation
+      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number; i++) {
+        wifi_ap_record_t record;
+        err = esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_record(&record);
+        if (err != ESP_OK) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_record failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+          esp_wifi_clear_ap_list();  // Free remaining records not yet retrieved
+          break;
+        }
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_HOSTED
 
-      // Check C string first - avoid std::string construction for non-matching networks
-      const char *ssid_cstr = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(record.ssid);
+        // Check C string first - avoid std::string construction for non-matching networks
+        const char *ssid_cstr = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(record.ssid);
 
-      // Only construct std::string and store if needed
-      if (needs_full || this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, record.bssid)) {
-        bssid_t bssid;
-        std::copy(record.bssid, record.bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
-        this->scan_result_.emplace_back(bssid, ssid_cstr, strlen(ssid_cstr), record.primary, record.rssi,
-                                        record.authmode != WIFI_AUTH_OPEN, ssid_cstr[0] == '\0');
-      } else {
-        this->log_discarded_scan_result_(ssid_cstr, record.bssid, record.rssi, record.primary);
+        // Only construct std::string and store if needed
+        if (needs_full || this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, record.bssid)) {
+          bssid_t bssid;
+          std::copy(record.bssid, record.bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
+          this->scan_result_.emplace_back(bssid, ssid_cstr, strlen(ssid_cstr), record.primary, record.rssi,
+                                          record.authmode != WIFI_AUTH_OPEN, ssid_cstr[0] == '\0');
+        } else {
+          this->log_discarded_scan_result_(ssid_cstr, record.bssid, record.rssi, record.primary);
+        }
       }
     }
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan complete: %u found, %zu stored%s", number, this->scan_result_.size(),
@@ -1042,7 +1059,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
   // When scanning while connected (roaming), return to home channel between
   // each scanned channel to maintain the connection (helps with BLE/WiFi coexistence)
 #ifdef CONFIG_SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED
-  if (this->roaming_state_ == RoamingState::SCANNING) {
+  if (this->is_roaming_scan_active()) {
     config.coex_background_scan = true;
   }
 #endif
@@ -1215,18 +1232,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
   std::copy(info.bssid, info.bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() {
-  wifi_ap_record_t info{};
-  esp_err_t err = esp_wifi_sta_get_ap_info(&info);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    // Very verbose only: this is expected during dump_config() before connection is established (PR #9823)
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "esp_wifi_sta_get_ap_info failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-    return "";
-  }
-  auto *ssid_s = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(info.ssid);
-  size_t len = strnlen(ssid_s, sizeof(info.ssid));
-  return {ssid_s, len};
-}
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   wifi_ap_record_t info{};
   esp_err_t err = esp_wifi_sta_get_ap_info(&info);
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
index 59efa4f842..63a63e7342 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct LTWiFiEvent {
       uint8_t scan_id;
     } scan_done;
     struct {
-      uint8_t mac[6];
+      uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
       int rssi;
     } ap_probe_req;
   } data;
@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_mode_(optional<bool> sta, optional<bool> ap) {
 
   if (enable_sta && !current_sta) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enabling STA");
+    // Fresh STA stack: skip the pre-attempt teardown again.
+    this->lt_first_connect_attempt_ = true;
   } else if (!enable_sta && current_sta) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Disabling STA");
   }
@@ -202,10 +204,21 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
     return false;
 
-  String ssid = WiFi.SSID();
-  if (ssid && strcmp(ssid.c_str(), ap.ssid_.c_str()) != 0) {
-    WiFi.disconnect();
+  // Tear down any live session so begin() re-fires its events; skipped on the
+  // first attempt after STA-up (nothing to tear down, and BK7231N on the older
+  // Beken SDK did not come back from it). The flag is per-attempt and armed
+  // only for a live session: an idle disconnect may emit no event, and a stale
+  // flag would swallow this attempt's first real failure.
+  this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = false;
+  if (!this->lt_first_connect_attempt_) {
+    const bool was_live = WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED;
+    if (WiFi.disconnect()) {
+      this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = was_live;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Pre-connect teardown returned false");
+    }
   }
+  this->lt_first_connect_attempt_ = false;
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
   if (!this->wifi_sta_ip_config_(ap.get_manual_ip())) {
@@ -227,7 +240,10 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
                                  ap.get_channel(),  // 0 = auto
                                  ap.has_bssid() ? ap.get_bssid().data() : NULL);
   if (status != WL_CONNECTED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_connect failed: %d", status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "WiFi.begin failed: %d", status);
+    // Without this reset the state machine stays at CONNECTING and each retry
+    // stalls for the full connect timeout (46 s).
+    this->sta_state_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(LTWiFiSTAState::ERROR_FAILED);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -391,7 +407,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback_(esphome_wifi_event_id_t event, esphome_
     }
     case ESPHOME_EVENT_ID_WIFI_AP_PROBEREQRECVED: {
       auto &it = info.wifi_ap_probereqrecved;
-      memcpy(to_send->data.ap_probe_req.mac, it.mac, 6);
+      memcpy(to_send->data.ap_probe_req.mac, it.mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
       to_send->data.ap_probe_req.rssi = it.rssi;
       break;
     }
@@ -455,6 +471,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(LTWiFiEvent *event) {
       break;
     }
     case ESPHOME_EVENT_ID_WIFI_STA_CONNECTED: {
+      // Processed in queue order, so a teardown event still ahead of this
+      // CONNECTED was already consumed; a leftover flag is stale.
+      this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = false;
       auto &it = event->data.sta_connected;
       char bssid_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
       format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_buf);
@@ -482,6 +501,14 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(LTWiFiEvent *event) {
     case ESPHOME_EVENT_ID_WIFI_STA_DISCONNECTED: {
       auto &it = event->data.sta_disconnected;
 
+      // Consume the disconnect our own teardown queued, without spending an
+      // ignore slot. Ungated on SSID and state: the flag is armed only for this
+      // attempt's teardown of a live session.
+      if (this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ && it.reason != WIFI_REASON_NO_AP_FOUND) {
+        this->lt_teardown_event_pending_ = false;
+        break;
+      }
+
       // LibreTiny can send spurious disconnect events with empty ssid/bssid during connection.
       // These are typically "Association Leave" events that don't indicate actual failures:
       //   [W][wifi_lt]: Disconnected ssid='' bssid=00:00:00:00:00:00 reason='Association Leave'
@@ -657,44 +684,48 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
   return true;
 }
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_done_callback_() {
-  this->scan_result_.clear();
-  this->scan_done_ = true;
-
   int16_t num = WiFi.scanComplete();
-  if (num < 0)
-    return;
-
   bool needs_full = this->needs_full_scan_results_();
+  {
+    // Mutate in place under the lock; blocking a portal request is fine and
+    // avoids scratch buffers
+    ScanResultsLock lock(this);
+    this->scan_result_.clear();
+    this->scan_done_ = true;
 
-  // Access scan results directly via WiFi.scan struct to avoid Arduino String allocations
-  // WiFi.scan is public in LibreTiny for WiFiEvents & WiFiScan static handlers
-  auto *scan = WiFi.scan;
+    if (num < 0)
+      return;
 
-  // First pass: count matching networks
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-    const char *ssid_cstr = scan->ap[i].ssid;
-    if (needs_full || this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, scan->ap[i].bssid.addr)) {
-      count++;
+    // Access scan results directly via WiFi.scan struct to avoid Arduino String allocations
+    // WiFi.scan is public in LibreTiny for WiFiEvents & WiFiScan static handlers
+    auto *scan = WiFi.scan;
+
+    // First pass: count matching networks
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+      const char *ssid_cstr = scan->ap[i].ssid;
+      if (needs_full || this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, scan->ap[i].bssid.addr)) {
+        count++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this->scan_result_.init(count);  // Exact allocation
+
+    // Second pass: store matching networks
+    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+      const char *ssid_cstr = scan->ap[i].ssid;
+      auto &ap = scan->ap[i];
+      if (needs_full || this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, ap.bssid.addr)) {
+        this->scan_result_.emplace_back(bssid_t{ap.bssid.addr[0], ap.bssid.addr[1], ap.bssid.addr[2], ap.bssid.addr[3],
+                                                ap.bssid.addr[4], ap.bssid.addr[5]},
+                                        ssid_cstr, strlen(ssid_cstr), ap.channel, ap.rssi, ap.auth != WIFI_AUTH_OPEN,
+                                        ssid_cstr[0] == '\0');
+      } else {
+        this->log_discarded_scan_result_(ssid_cstr, ap.bssid.addr, ap.rssi, ap.channel);
+      }
     }
   }
 
-  this->scan_result_.init(count);  // Exact allocation
-
-  // Second pass: store matching networks
-  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-    const char *ssid_cstr = scan->ap[i].ssid;
-    if (needs_full || this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, scan->ap[i].bssid.addr)) {
-      auto &ap = scan->ap[i];
-      this->scan_result_.emplace_back(bssid_t{ap.bssid.addr[0], ap.bssid.addr[1], ap.bssid.addr[2], ap.bssid.addr[3],
-                                              ap.bssid.addr[4], ap.bssid.addr[5]},
-                                      ssid_cstr, strlen(ssid_cstr), ap.channel, ap.rssi, ap.auth != WIFI_AUTH_OPEN,
-                                      ssid_cstr[0] == '\0');
-    } else {
-      auto &ap = scan->ap[i];
-      this->log_discarded_scan_result_(ssid_cstr, ap.bssid.addr, ap.rssi, ap.channel);
-    }
-  }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan complete: %d found, %zu stored%s", num, this->scan_result_.size(),
            needs_full ? "" : " (filtered)");
   WiFi.scanDelete();
@@ -758,7 +789,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
   }
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() { return WiFi.SSID().c_str(); }
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
   LinkStatusTypeDef link_status{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 596fd2729b..325bcf2652 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "wifi_component.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include <cassert>
 
@@ -109,10 +109,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   // setup depends on begin() succeeding. beginNoBlock() skips the outer wait loop, saving
   // up to 20 additional seconds of blocking per attempt.
   auto ret = WiFi.beginNoBlock(ap.ssid_.c_str(), ap.password_.c_str());
-  if (ret == WL_IDLE_STATUS)
-    return false;
-
-  return true;
+  return ret != WL_IDLE_STATUS;
 }
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_pre_setup_() { return this->wifi_mode_(true, {}); }
@@ -169,11 +166,11 @@ WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
 }
 
 int WiFiComponent::s_wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result) {
-  global_wifi_component->wifi_scan_result(env, result);
+  global_wifi_component->wifi_scan_result_(env, result);
   return 0;
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result) {
+void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_result_(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result) {
   s_scan_result_count++;
 
   // CYW43 scan results have ssid as a 32-byte buffer that is NOT null-terminated.
@@ -193,12 +190,16 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *re
   std::copy(result->bssid, result->bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
   WiFiScanResult res(bssid, ssid_buf, len, result->channel, result->rssi, result->auth_mode != CYW43_AUTH_OPEN,
                      len == 0);
+  // Compiles to nothing here; kept so every scan_result_ mutation holds the lock
+  ScanResultsLock lock(this);
   if (std::find(this->scan_result_.begin(), this->scan_result_.end(), res) == this->scan_result_.end()) {
     this->scan_result_.push_back(res);
   }
 }
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
+  // Compiles to nothing here; kept so every scan_result_ mutation holds the lock
+  ScanResultsLock lock(this);
   this->scan_result_.clear();
   this->scan_done_ = false;
   s_scan_result_count = 0;
@@ -264,7 +265,6 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
     bssid[i] = raw_bssid[i];
   return bssid;
 }
-std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() { return WiFi.SSID().c_str(); }
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   // TODO: Find direct CYW43 API to avoid Arduino String allocation
   String ssid = WiFi.SSID();
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   // Filter out AP interface addresses — addrList includes all lwIP netifs.
   // The AP netif IP lingers even after the AP radio is disabled.
   IPAddress ap_ip = WiFi.softAPIP();
-  for (auto addr : addrList) {
+  for (const auto &addr : addrList) {
     IPAddress ip(addr.ipFromNetifNum());
     if (ip == ap_ip) {
       continue;
@@ -351,12 +351,11 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
 
   // Detect IP address changes (only when connected)
   if (is_connected) {
-    bool has_ip = false;
-    // Check for any IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)
-    for (auto addr : addrList) {
-      has_ip = true;
-      break;
-    }
+    // Check for any IP address (IPv4 or IPv6). The iterator comparison
+    // operators take non-const references, so the temporaries need names.
+    auto addr_it = addrList.begin();
+    auto addr_end = addrList.end();
+    bool has_ip = addr_it != addr_end;
 
     if (has_ip && !s_sta_had_ip) {
       // Just got IP address
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py b/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py
index 51971a1220..089a4fa99a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def wrapped_load_pem_private_key(value, password):
 
 def read_relative_config_path(value):
     # pylint: disable=unspecified-encoding
-    return Path(CORE.relative_config_path(value)).read_text()
+    return Path(CORE.relative_config_path(value)).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
 
 
 def _validate_load_certificate(value):
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py
index 5f72d0aa74..d14dcde46e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/text_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SSID,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi"]
 
@@ -70,14 +71,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def setup_conf(config, key):
+async def setup_conf(config: ConfigType, key: str) -> None:
     if key in config:
         conf = config[key]
         var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Request specific WiFi listeners based on which sensors are configured
     # Each sensor needs its own listener slot - call request for EACH sensor
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp
index b5ebfd7390..5d4e77eaad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "wifi_info_text_sensor.h"
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ void BSSIDWiFiInfo::setup() { wifi::global_wifi_component->add_connect_state_lis
 void BSSIDWiFiInfo::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "BSSID", this); }
 
 void BSSIDWiFiInfo::on_wifi_connect_state(StringRef ssid, std::span<const uint8_t, 6> bssid) {
-  char buf[18] = "unknown";
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE] = "unknown";
   if (mac_address_is_valid(bssid.data())) {
     format_mac_addr_upper(bssid.data(), buf);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
index 7ade170c02..eecedee133 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class PowerSaveModeWiFiInfo final : public Component,
 class MacAddressWifiInfo final : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void setup() override {
-    char mac_s[18];
+    char mac_s[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
     this->publish_state(get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s));
   }
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py b/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py
index 075cfd96c6..41205f71ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_signal/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi"]
 wifi_signal_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("wifi_signal")
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     wifi.request_wifi_connect_state_listener()
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_signal/wifi_signal_sensor.h b/esphome/components/wifi_signal/wifi_signal_sensor.h
index 9ff4cc54a0..af41465e71 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_signal/wifi_signal_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_signal/wifi_signal_sensor.h
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 namespace esphome::wifi_signal {
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
-class WiFiSignalSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public wifi::WiFiConnectStateListener {
+class WiFiSignalSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public wifi::WiFiConnectStateListener {
 #else
-class WiFiSignalSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
+class WiFiSignalSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
 #endif
  public:
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
index e128b8476d..ea9e5a3b0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
@@ -6,7 +6,17 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time
 from esphome.components.esp32 import CORE, add_idf_sdkconfig_option
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_ID, CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT, CONF_TIME_ID
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT,
+    CONF_TIME_ID,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
+)
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
 
 CONF_NETMASK = "netmask"
@@ -57,30 +67,41 @@ def _cidr_network(value):
     return value
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Wireguard),
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TIME_ID): cv.use_id(time.RealTimeClock),
-        cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.ipv4address,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_NETMASK, default="255.255.255.255"): cv.ipv4address,
-        cv.Required(CONF_PRIVATE_KEY): _wireguard_key,
-        cv.Required(CONF_PEER_ENDPOINT): cv.string,
-        cv.Required(CONF_PEER_PUBLIC_KEY): _wireguard_key,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_PORT, default=51820): cv.port,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_PRESHARED_KEY): _wireguard_key,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_ALLOWED_IPS, default=["0.0.0.0/0"]): cv.ensure_list(
-            _cidr_network
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE, default="0s"): cv.All(
-            cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
-            cv.Range(max=TimePeriod(seconds=65535)),
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT, default="15min"
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_REQUIRE_CONNECTION_TO_PROCEED, default=False): cv.boolean,
-    }
-).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("10s"))
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Wireguard),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_TIME_ID): cv.use_id(time.RealTimeClock),
+            cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.ipv4address,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NETMASK, default="255.255.255.255"): cv.ipv4address,
+            cv.Required(CONF_PRIVATE_KEY): cv.sensitive(_wireguard_key),
+            cv.Required(CONF_PEER_ENDPOINT): cv.string,
+            cv.Required(CONF_PEER_PUBLIC_KEY): _wireguard_key,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_PORT, default=51820): cv.port,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_PRESHARED_KEY): cv.sensitive(_wireguard_key),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_ALLOWED_IPS, default=["0.0.0.0/0"]): cv.ensure_list(
+                _cidr_network
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE, default="0s"): cv.All(
+                cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
+                cv.Range(max=TimePeriod(seconds=65535)),
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT, default="15min"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_REQUIRE_CONNECTION_TO_PROCEED, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("10s")),
+    cv.only_on(
+        [
+            PLATFORM_ESP32,
+            PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+            PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+            PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
+            PLATFORM_LN882X,
+        ]
+    ),
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp
index b4641894db..2f07344d3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.cpp
@@ -178,25 +178,6 @@ time_t Wireguard::get_latest_handshake() const {
   return result;
 }
 
-void Wireguard::set_keepalive(const uint16_t seconds) { this->keepalive_ = seconds; }
-void Wireguard::set_reboot_timeout(const uint32_t seconds) { this->reboot_timeout_ = seconds; }
-void Wireguard::set_srctime(time::RealTimeClock *srctime) { this->srctime_ = srctime; }
-
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-void Wireguard::set_status_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->status_sensor_ = sensor; }
-void Wireguard::set_enabled_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->enabled_sensor_ = sensor; }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-void Wireguard::set_handshake_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->handshake_sensor_ = sensor; }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-void Wireguard::set_address_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->address_sensor_ = sensor; }
-#endif
-
-void Wireguard::disable_auto_proceed() { this->proceed_allowed_ = false; }
-
 void Wireguard::enable() {
   this->enabled_ = true;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Enabled");
@@ -218,8 +199,6 @@ void Wireguard::publish_enabled_state() {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool Wireguard::is_enabled() { return this->enabled_; }
-
 void Wireguard::start_connection_() {
   if (!this->enabled_) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Disabled, cannot start connection");
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
index c11d592cd1..c9c2feb7ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ struct AllowedIP {
 };
 
 /// Main Wireguard component class.
-class Wireguard : public PollingComponent {
+class Wireguard final : public PollingComponent {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
@@ -63,25 +63,25 @@ class Wireguard : public PollingComponent {
   /// Prevent accidental use of std::string which would dangle
   void set_allowed_ips(std::initializer_list<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> ips) = delete;
 
-  void set_keepalive(uint16_t seconds);
-  void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t seconds);
-  void set_srctime(time::RealTimeClock *srctime);
+  void set_keepalive(const uint16_t seconds) { this->keepalive_ = seconds; }
+  void set_reboot_timeout(const uint32_t seconds) { this->reboot_timeout_ = seconds; }
+  void set_srctime(time::RealTimeClock *srctime) { this->srctime_ = srctime; }
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  void set_status_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor);
-  void set_enabled_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor);
+  void set_status_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->status_sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_enabled_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) { this->enabled_sensor_ = sensor; }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  void set_handshake_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
+  void set_handshake_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->handshake_sensor_ = sensor; }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  void set_address_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor);
+  void set_address_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->address_sensor_ = sensor; }
 #endif
 
   /// Block the setup step until peer is connected.
-  void disable_auto_proceed();
+  void disable_auto_proceed() { this->proceed_allowed_ = false; }
 
   /// Enable the WireGuard component.
   void enable();
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Wireguard : public PollingComponent {
   void publish_enabled_state();
 
   /// Return if the WireGuard component is or is not enabled.
-  bool is_enabled();
+  bool is_enabled() { return this->enabled_; }
 
   bool is_peer_up() const;
   time_t get_latest_handshake() const;
@@ -165,25 +165,26 @@ static constexpr size_t MASK_KEY_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
 void mask_key_to(char *buffer, size_t len, const char *key);
 
 /// Condition to check if remote peer is online.
-template<typename... Ts> class WireguardPeerOnlineCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
+template<typename... Ts>
+class WireguardPeerOnlineCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_peer_up(); }
 };
 
 /// Condition to check if Wireguard component is enabled.
-template<typename... Ts> class WireguardEnabledCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WireguardEnabledCondition final : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_enabled(); }
 };
 
 /// Action to enable Wireguard component.
-template<typename... Ts> class WireguardEnableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WireguardEnableAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->enable(); }
 };
 
 /// Action to disable Wireguard component.
-template<typename... Ts> class WireguardDisableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
+template<typename... Ts> class WireguardDisableAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Wireguard> {
  public:
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->disable(); }
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py
index 903fe8fe4f..ecb7a5da09 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2132_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py
index debc84f6d8..94b692f170 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2132_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py
index 32fd4882db..d4aacaf97d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2168_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2168_I2C, WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2168_I2C])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py
index 123ce0bb8b..b4efaf65ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2168_spi/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2168_SPI, WK2168_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2168_SPI])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py
index a52aa30cc9..1502cc6cdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2204_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py
index 616ba75c59..930f534bb0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2204_spi/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py
index 0ef32cbc96..00018dd735 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2212_I2C, WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2212_I2C])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py
index 8c9bea5416..c1a050e8ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wk2212_spi/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, weikai
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INVERTED, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_name(str(config[CONF_ID])))
     await weikai.register_weikai(var, config)
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_WK2212_SPI, WK2212_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config):
+async def sc16is75x_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WK2212_SPI])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py
index 1a10396bc6..af5e705786 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wl_134/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_RESET, ICON_FINGERPRINT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@hobbypunk90"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_do_reset(config[CONF_RESET]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.h b/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.h
index 973e5a1e7c..fad64bd8ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::wl_134 {
 
-class Wl134Component : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+class Wl134Component final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   enum Rfid134Error {
     RFID134_ERROR_NONE,
diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py
index 49eb15dad6..a7135975f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from esphome.components.light.effects import register_addressable_effect
 from esphome.components.light.types import AddressableLightEffect
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_NAME, CONF_PORT
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 wled_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("wled")
 WLEDLightEffect = wled_ns.class_("WLEDLightEffect", AddressableLightEffect)
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ CONF_BLANK_ON_START = "blank_on_start"
         cv.Optional(CONF_BLANK_ON_START, default=True): cv.boolean,
     },
 )
-async def wled_light_effect_to_code(config, effect_id):
+async def wled_light_effect_to_code(config: ConfigType, effect_id: ID) -> cg.MockObj:
     effect = cg.new_Pvariable(effect_id, config[CONF_NAME])
     cg.add(effect.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
     cg.add(effect.set_sync_group_mask(config[CONF_SYNC_GROUP_MASK]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
index e0724aa94a..5150cda2a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <WiFiUdp.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
 #include <WiFiUdp.h>
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h
index bed897f5a6..07abb7c674 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h
@@ -8,7 +8,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>
 
+#if defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+namespace arduino {
 class UDP;
+}  // namespace arduino
+using arduino::UDP;  // NOLINT(google-global-names-in-headers)
+#else
+class UDP;
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::wled {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py
index bf4f0262ad..84032512f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wts01/sensor.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_WTS01_ID = "wts01_id"
 CODEOWNERS = ["@alepee"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wts01/wts01.h b/esphome/components/wts01/wts01.h
index 17d4dc57a2..2a284ac86e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wts01/wts01.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wts01/wts01.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome::wts01 {
 
 constexpr uint8_t PACKET_SIZE = 9;
 
-class WTS01Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
+class WTS01Sensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/x9c/output.py b/esphome/components/x9c/output.py
index 0cc850b856..ff3f26e2ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/x9c/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/x9c/output.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_STEP_DELAY,
     CONF_UD_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@EtienneMD"]
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h b/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h
index 112f0405d7..1cea15c26f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::x9c {
 
-class X9cOutput : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
+class X9cOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
  public:
   void set_cs_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { cs_pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inc_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { inc_pin_ = pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
index 7545343f02..c629e46650 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h b/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h
index 674d26fe8e..670425e69e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::xdb401 {
 
-class XDB401Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class XDB401Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
   void set_pressure_sensor(sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor) { this->pressure_sensor_ = pressure_sensor; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
index 6b83012eb4..83c20dfbd8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@gcormier"]
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.h b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.h
index 1bab9b091a..d9aec6e5cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ enum XGZP68XXOversampling : uint8_t {
   XGZP68XX_OVERSAMPLING_UNKNOWN = (uint8_t) -1,
 };
 
-class XGZP68XXComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class XGZP68XXComponent final : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   SUB_SENSOR(temperature)
   SUB_SENSOR(pressure)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py
index 541a0e7894..16da83934e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/__init__.py
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 xiaomi_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_ble")
 XiaomiListener = xiaomi_ble_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiListener", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener
+    "XiaomiListener", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiListener),
-    }
-).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_ble"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiListener),
+        }
+    ).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
index 0961df2bd6..06c3a7ab7a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
@@ -2,14 +2,21 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include <vector>
+
+// AES-CCM backend for encrypted-payload (bindkey) decryption:
+//   - ESP32 + ESP-IDF >= 6.0 -> PSA crypto (psa_aead_decrypt), hardware-backed.
+//   - every other platform   -> the portable software AES-CCM in ble_device_base, so
+//     decryption never depends on the SDK exposing mbedtls/PSA to application code.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
 #include <psa/crypto.h>
-#else
-#include "mbedtls/ccm.h"
+#define XIAOMI_CRYPTO_PSA
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef XIAOMI_CRYPTO_PSA
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble {
@@ -166,7 +173,7 @@ bool parse_xiaomi_message(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, XiaomiParseResult
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   XiaomiParseResult result;
   if (!service_data.uuid.contains(0x95, 0xFE)) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_xiaomi_header(): no service data UUID magic bytes.");
@@ -286,7 +293,7 @@ bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, c
     return false;
   }
 
-  uint8_t mac_reverse[6] = {0};
+  uint8_t mac_reverse[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
   mac_reverse[5] = (uint8_t) (address >> 40);
   mac_reverse[4] = (uint8_t) (address >> 32);
   mac_reverse[3] = (uint8_t) (address >> 24);
@@ -318,7 +325,7 @@ bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, c
   memcpy(vector.iv + 6, v + 2, 3);               // sensor type (2) + packet id (1)
   memcpy(vector.iv + 9, v + raw.size() - 7, 3);  // payload counter
 
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+#ifdef XIAOMI_CRYPTO_PSA
   // PSA AEAD expects ciphertext + tag concatenated
   uint8_t ct_with_tag[sizeof(vector.ciphertext) + sizeof(vector.tag)];
   memcpy(ct_with_tag, vector.ciphertext, vector.datasize);
@@ -344,24 +351,14 @@ bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, c
   psa_destroy_key(key_id);
   bool decrypt_ok = (status == PSA_SUCCESS && plaintext_length == vector.datasize);
 #else
-  mbedtls_ccm_context ctx;
-  mbedtls_ccm_init(&ctx);
-
-  int ret = mbedtls_ccm_setkey(&ctx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES, vector.key, vector.keysize * 8);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "decrypt_xiaomi_payload(): mbedtls_ccm_setkey() failed.");
-    mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  ret = mbedtls_ccm_auth_decrypt(&ctx, vector.datasize, vector.iv, vector.ivsize, vector.authdata, vector.authsize,
-                                 vector.ciphertext, vector.plaintext, vector.tag, vector.tagsize);
-  mbedtls_ccm_free(&ctx);
-  bool decrypt_ok = (ret == 0);
+  // Portable software AES-CCM (ble_device_base) — no SDK mbedtls/PSA dependency.
+  bool decrypt_ok = ble_device_base::aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(vector.key, vector.iv, vector.ivsize, vector.authdata,
+                                                          vector.authsize, vector.ciphertext, vector.datasize,
+                                                          vector.plaintext, vector.tag, vector.tagsize);
 #endif
 
   if (!decrypt_ok) {
-    uint8_t mac_address[6] = {0};
+    uint8_t mac_address[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
     memcpy(mac_address, mac_reverse + 5, 1);
     memcpy(mac_address + 1, mac_reverse + 4, 1);
     memcpy(mac_address + 2, mac_reverse + 3, 1);
@@ -448,7 +445,7 @@ bool report_xiaomi_results(const optional<XiaomiParseResult> &result, const char
   return true;
 }
 
-bool XiaomiListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiListener::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Previously the message was parsed twice per packet, once by XiaomiListener::parse_device()
   // and then again by the respective device class's parse_device() function. Parsing the header
   // here and then for each device seems to be unnecessary and complicates the duplicate packet filtering.
@@ -460,5 +457,3 @@ bool XiaomiListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h
index a4ecca0c66..2f3a14c150 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble {
 
 struct XiaomiParseResult {
@@ -68,15 +66,13 @@ struct XiaomiAESVector {
 
 bool parse_xiaomi_value(uint16_t value_type, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t value_length, XiaomiParseResult &result);
 bool parse_xiaomi_message(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, XiaomiParseResult &result);
-optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
 bool decrypt_xiaomi_payload(std::vector<uint8_t> &raw, const uint8_t *bindkey, const uint64_t &address);
 bool report_xiaomi_results(const optional<XiaomiParseResult> &result, const char *address);
 
-class XiaomiListener : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiListener final : public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_ble
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py
index e11ddac19d..09337df5ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_cgd1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgd1")
 XiaomiCGD1 = xiaomi_cgd1_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiCGD1", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiCGD1", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgd1"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGD1),
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp
index 948e02be46..0159314f4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgd1";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiCGD1::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGD1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGD1::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGD1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGD1::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h
index 1c510c7eb4..afa88738f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgd1/xiaomi_cgd1.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1 {
 
-class XiaomiCGD1 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGD1 : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiCGD1 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListen
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgd1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py
index c7ec13f6e0..83de32f411 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,19 +16,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
-xiaomi_cgd1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgdk2")
-XiaomiCGD1 = xiaomi_cgd1_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiCGDK2", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+xiaomi_cgdk2_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgdk2")
+XiaomiCGDK2 = xiaomi_cgdk2_ns.class_(
+    "XiaomiCGDK2", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgdk2"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGD1),
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGDK2),
             cv.Required(CONF_BINDKEY): cv.bind_key,
             cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp
index ff9036db14..01912c3778 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgdk2";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiCGDK2::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGDK2::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGDK2::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGDK2::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGDK2::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h
index 02d098c31b..a27d41cea5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/xiaomi_cgdk2.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2 {
 
-class XiaomiCGDK2 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGDK2 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiCGDK2 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListe
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgdk2
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py
index 1a6ed2b7da..3f0df9eafe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_cgg1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgg1")
 XiaomiCGG1 = xiaomi_cgg1_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiCGG1", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiCGG1", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgg1"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiCGG1),
@@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     if CONF_BINDKEY in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp
index ef4ef46424..679cb76198 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgg1";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiCGG1::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGG1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGG1::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGG1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGG1::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h
index d49e3a08d1..ef666ab6d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgg1/xiaomi_cgg1.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1 {
 
-class XiaomiCGG1 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGG1 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiCGG1 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListen
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgg1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py
index 0606c93dbe..219432c1fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -17,19 +17,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MINUTE,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
 
 xiaomi_cgpr1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_cgpr1")
 XiaomiCGPR1 = xiaomi_cgpr1_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiCGPR1",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_cgpr1"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(XiaomiCGPR1, device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION)
     .extend(
         {
@@ -57,15 +58,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp
index 3203f358b9..019de54ad8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_cgpr1";
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ void XiaomiCGPR1::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiCGPR1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiCGPR1::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -62,5 +60,3 @@ bool XiaomiCGPR1::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiCGPR1::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h
index 28a7a3ae2d..9e1d1c4482 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/xiaomi_cgpr1.h
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1 {
 
-class XiaomiCGPR1 : public Component,
-                    public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                    public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiCGPR1 final : public Component,
+                          public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
+                          public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_battery_level(sensor::Sensor *battery_level) { battery_level_ = battery_level; }
@@ -33,5 +31,3 @@ class XiaomiCGPR1 : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_cgpr1
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py
index 6c9ad2e361..63ba5da597 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CONDUCTIVITY,
@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_gcls002_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_gcls002")
 XiaomiGCLS002 = xiaomi_gcls002_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiGCLS002", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiGCLS002", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_gcls002"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiGCLS002),
@@ -58,15 +59,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp
index 11ea98045b..27effd64bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_gcls002.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_gcls002";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void XiaomiGCLS002::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiGCLS002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiGCLS002::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -58,5 +56,3 @@ bool XiaomiGCLS002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h
index e14077adb0..969218c220 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_gcls002/xiaomi_gcls002.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002 {
 
-class XiaomiGCLS002 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiGCLS002 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiGCLS002 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLis
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_gcls002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py
index 90a8753412..13e8e509c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,16 +21,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_hhccjcy01_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_hhccjcy01")
 XiaomiHHCCJCY01 = xiaomi_hhccjcy01_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiHHCCJCY01", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiHHCCJCY01", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_hhccjcy01"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiHHCCJCY01),
@@ -68,15 +69,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp
index 1d872c68c1..5e2369a6d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_hhccjcy01";
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ void XiaomiHHCCJCY01::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiHHCCJCY01::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiHHCCJCY01::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -61,5 +59,3 @@ bool XiaomiHHCCJCY01::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h
index 8bc6399065..ce573b73c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/xiaomi_hhccjcy01.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01 {
 
-class XiaomiHHCCJCY01 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiHHCCJCY01 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -32,5 +30,3 @@ class XiaomiHHCCJCY01 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceL
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy01
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py
index d6a4a4adb2..d1ce8dfcf7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -21,15 +21,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 xiaomi_hhccjcy10_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_hhccjcy10")
 XiaomiHHCCJCY10 = xiaomi_hhccjcy10_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiHHCCJCY10", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiHHCCJCY10", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_hhccjcy10"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiHHCCJCY10),
@@ -67,15 +69,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp
index c6ebd5ff74..680eb04e77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_hhccjcy10";
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ void XiaomiHHCCJCY10::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiHHCCJCY10::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiHHCCJCY10::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -63,5 +61,3 @@ bool XiaomiHHCCJCY10::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h
index 812e3a7d8f..ce6dc2081e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/xiaomi_hhccjcy10.h
@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10 {
 
-class XiaomiHHCCJCY10 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiHHCCJCY10 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -31,5 +29,3 @@ class XiaomiHHCCJCY10 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceL
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccjcy10
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py
index adc64f6650..061753c44c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CONDUCTIVITY,
@@ -12,16 +12,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MICROSIEMENS_PER_CENTIMETER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_hhccpot002_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_hhccpot002")
 XiaomiHHCCPOT002 = xiaomi_hhccpot002_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiHHCCPOT002", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiHHCCPOT002", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_hhccpot002"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiHHCCPOT002),
@@ -40,15 +41,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp
index bbca9faaa6..fc8d15228d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_hhccpot002.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_hhccpot002";
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ void XiaomiHHCCPOT002 ::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Conductivity", this->conductivity_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiHHCCPOT002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiHHCCPOT002::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -52,5 +50,3 @@ bool XiaomiHHCCPOT002::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h
index 2bdd6102be..e472178baa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/xiaomi_hhccpot002.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002 {
 
-class XiaomiHHCCPOT002 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiHHCCPOT002 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_moisture(sensor::Sensor *moisture) { moisture_ = moisture; }
@@ -26,5 +24,3 @@ class XiaomiHHCCPOT002 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_hhccpot002
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py
index 5890ed6b63..b791c40dca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MILLIGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_jqjcy01ym_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_jqjcy01ym")
 XiaomiJQJCY01YM = xiaomi_jqjcy01ym_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiJQJCY01YM", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiJQJCY01YM", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_jqjcy01ym"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiJQJCY01YM),
@@ -59,15 +60,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp
index c0f4de3d06..f7a1318d7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_jqjcy01ym";
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ void XiaomiJQJCY01YM::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiJQJCY01YM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiJQJCY01YM::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -58,5 +56,3 @@ bool XiaomiJQJCY01YM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h
index aaf34f899f..955ee41880 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym {
 
-class XiaomiJQJCY01YM : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiJQJCY01YM final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiJQJCY01YM : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceL
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py
index ef6aebe6c0..f79b81dce2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsd02_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsd02")
 XiaomiLYWSD02 = xiaomi_lywsd02_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSD02", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSD02", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsd02"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSD02),
@@ -50,15 +51,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp
index 75909738c8..d465f2fec0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_lywsd02.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsd02";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSD02::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSD02::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSD02::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -55,5 +53,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSD02::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h
index e45596f966..0c1035bf1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/xiaomi_lywsd02.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02 {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSD02 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSD02 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -28,5 +26,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSD02 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLis
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py
index 813429a6c5..05e0204def 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@juanluss31"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsd02mmc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsd02mmc")
 XiaomiLYWSD02MMC = xiaomi_lywsd02mmc_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSD02MMC", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSD02MMC", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsd02mmc"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSD02MMC),
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp
index 79610ee266..dca5f73909 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsd02mmc";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 void XiaomiLYWSD02MMC::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h
index 23efcbf8fc..e00afffe0a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSD02MMC : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSD02MMC final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSD02MMC : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py
index bf2de3756c..f4e24a97d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,18 +16,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ahpohl"]
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsd03mmc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsd03mmc")
 XiaomiLYWSD03MMC = xiaomi_lywsd03mmc_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSD03MMC", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSD03MMC", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsd03mmc"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSD03MMC),
@@ -54,15 +55,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp
index 7aa4809e24..356a4ffd4e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsd03mmc";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -69,5 +67,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 void XiaomiLYWSD03MMC::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h
index 03462b850f..a4f6e53215 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSD03MMC : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSD03MMC final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSD03MMC : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py
index 5d964ea22a..8f0b93a22e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_lywsdcgq_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_lywsdcgq")
 XiaomiLYWSDCGQ = xiaomi_lywsdcgq_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiLYWSDCGQ", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiLYWSDCGQ", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_lywsdcgq"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiLYWSDCGQ),
@@ -50,15 +51,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp
index 56efaaef51..1ddf7ec235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_lywsdcgq";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -55,5 +53,3 @@ bool XiaomiLYWSDCGQ::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h
index e169afc651..5cecc2f78a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/xiaomi_lywsdcgq.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq {
 
-class XiaomiLYWSDCGQ : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiLYWSDCGQ final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -28,5 +26,3 @@ class XiaomiLYWSDCGQ : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLi
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_lywsdcgq
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py
index 86c4d6699f..9ce544fc59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_mhoc303_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mhoc303")
 XiaomiMHOC303 = xiaomi_mhoc303_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiMHOC303", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiMHOC303", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mhoc303"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiMHOC303),
@@ -50,15 +51,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp
index 74626ed0a5..9706e50861 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_mhoc303.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mhoc303";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiMHOC303::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMHOC303::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMHOC303::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -55,5 +53,3 @@ bool XiaomiMHOC303::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h
index daacd6be86..a15b58f8ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/xiaomi_mhoc303.h
@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303 {
 
-class XiaomiMHOC303 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMHOC303 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -28,5 +26,3 @@ class XiaomiMHOC303 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLis
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc303
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py
index 7161e88da5..52cae36fcd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@vevsvevs"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_mhoc401_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mhoc401")
 XiaomiMHOC401 = xiaomi_mhoc401_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiMHOC401", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiMHOC401", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mhoc401"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiMHOC401),
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp
index 958ac59bde..d725978418 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mhoc401";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiMHOC401::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMHOC401::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMHOC401::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -69,5 +67,3 @@ bool XiaomiMHOC401::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 void XiaomiMHOC401::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h
index 225c9ff189..3978e557f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/xiaomi_mhoc401.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401 {
 
-class XiaomiMHOC401 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMHOC401 final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { temperature_ = temperature; }
   void set_humidity(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { humidity_ = humidity; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiMHOC401 : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLis
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mhoc401
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py
index 14e5c1d376..fa4296d7a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLEAR_IMPEDANCE,
@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_KILOGRAM,
     UNIT_OHM,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base"]
 
 xiaomi_miscale_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_miscale")
 XiaomiMiscale = xiaomi_miscale_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiMiscale", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiMiscale", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_miscale"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiMiscale),
@@ -43,15 +45,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_clear_impedance(config[CONF_CLEAR_IMPEDANCE]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp
index 2b1492129c..482c0ed395 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #include "xiaomi_miscale.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_miscale";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiMiscale::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Impedance", this->impedance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMiscale::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMiscale::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -56,14 +54,14 @@ bool XiaomiMiscale::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   return success;
 }
 
-optional<ParseResult> XiaomiMiscale::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data) {
+optional<ParseResult> XiaomiMiscale::parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data) {
   ParseResult result;
-  if (service_data.uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181D) && service_data.data.size() == 10) {
+  if (service_data.uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181D) && service_data.data.size() == 10) {
     result.version = 1;
-  } else if (service_data.uuid == esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181B) && service_data.data.size() == 13) {
+  } else if (service_data.uuid == ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x181B) && service_data.data.size() == 13) {
     result.version = 2;
   } else {
-    char uuid_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
+    char uuid_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
               "parse_header(): Couldn't identify scale version or data size was not correct. UUID: %s, data_size: %d",
               service_data.uuid.to_str(uuid_buf), service_data.data.size());
@@ -167,5 +165,3 @@ bool XiaomiMiscale::report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const c
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h
index c75a22c9fb..64cc2ff567 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_miscale/xiaomi_miscale.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale {
 
 struct ParseResult {
@@ -16,11 +14,11 @@ struct ParseResult {
   optional<float> impedance;
 };
 
-class XiaomiMiscale : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMiscale final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_weight(sensor::Sensor *weight) { weight_ = weight; }
   void set_impedance(sensor::Sensor *impedance) { impedance_ = impedance; }
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ class XiaomiMiscale : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLis
   sensor::Sensor *impedance_{nullptr};
   bool clear_impedance_{false};
 
-  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
+  optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const ble_device_base::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool parse_message_v1_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool parse_message_v2_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
@@ -40,5 +38,3 @@ class XiaomiMiscale : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLis
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_miscale
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py
index 312abc82cb..5d562a2ca9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -19,19 +19,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_MINUTE,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
 
 xiaomi_mjyd02yla_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mjyd02yla")
 XiaomiMJYD02YLA = xiaomi_mjyd02yla_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiMJYD02YLA",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mjyd02yla"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
         XiaomiMJYD02YLA, device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
     )
@@ -63,15 +64,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp
index a7b2554aad..233f5f5783 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mjyd02yla";
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ void XiaomiMJYD02YLA::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMJYD02YLA::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMJYD02YLA::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -65,5 +63,3 @@ bool XiaomiMJYD02YLA::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 void XiaomiMJYD02YLA::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h
index ee4ed52520..ba2fe1b62c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/xiaomi_mjyd02yla.h
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla {
 
-class XiaomiMJYD02YLA : public Component,
-                        public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                        public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMJYD02YLA final : public Component,
+                              public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
+                              public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_idle_time(sensor::Sensor *idle_time) { idle_time_ = idle_time; }
@@ -35,5 +33,3 @@ class XiaomiMJYD02YLA : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mjyd02yla
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py
index c5d93384c9..34678eeac7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 from esphome import core
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_MAC_ADDRESS, CONF_TIMEOUT, DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 
 xiaomi_mue4094rt_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_mue4094rt")
 XiaomiMUE4094RT = xiaomi_mue4094rt_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiMUE4094RT",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
     cg.Component,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_mue4094rt"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
         XiaomiMUE4094RT, device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION
     )
@@ -28,15 +29,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_time(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp
index 259e0159c5..eca83c0912 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_mue4094rt.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_mue4094rt";
@@ -12,7 +10,7 @@ void XiaomiMUE4094RT::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Motion", this);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiMUE4094RT::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiMUE4094RT::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -51,5 +49,3 @@ bool XiaomiMUE4094RT::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h
index a6d8abc5bf..1ca40bf8ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/xiaomi_mue4094rt.h
@@ -2,20 +2,18 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt {
 
-class XiaomiMUE4094RT : public Component,
-                        public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                        public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiMUE4094RT final : public Component,
+                              public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
+                              public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_time(uint16_t timeout) { timeout_ = timeout; }
@@ -26,5 +24,3 @@ class XiaomiMUE4094RT : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_mue4094rt
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py
index df143bac22..7b289a8ee3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/__init__.py
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BINDKEY, CONF_ID, CONF_MAC_ADDRESS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 xiaomi_rtcgq02lm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_rtcgq02lm")
 XiaomiRTCGQ02LM = xiaomi_rtcgq02lm_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiRTCGQ02LM", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiRTCGQ02LM", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_rtcgq02lm"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiRTCGQ02LM),
@@ -21,15 +22,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py
index 8d0508b59b..57420125cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/binary_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import XiaomiRTCGQ02LM
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if CONF_MOTION in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py
index e49f1c960b..e0e4b4640b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import XiaomiRTCGQ02LM
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp
index b42a5a3700..f349dfa797 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_rtcgq02lm";
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ void XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::dump_config() {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -79,5 +77,3 @@ bool XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
 void XiaomiRTCGQ02LM::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h
index cc6a334a20..d776c22d9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
@@ -11,16 +11,14 @@
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm {
 
-class XiaomiRTCGQ02LM : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiRTCGQ02LM final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; };
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -54,5 +52,3 @@ class XiaomiRTCGQ02LM : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceL
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py
index 69facf54ed..4a6267f8b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -11,19 +11,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble", "sensor"]
 
 xiaomi_wx08zm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_wx08zm")
 XiaomiWX08ZM = xiaomi_wx08zm_ns.class_(
     "XiaomiWX08ZM",
     binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
-    esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener,
+    ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener,
     cg.Component,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_wx08zm"),
     binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(XiaomiWX08ZM)
     .extend(
         {
@@ -43,15 +44,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp
index 1bf861a6af..ae37d63096 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include "xiaomi_wx08zm.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_wx08zm";
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ void XiaomiWX08ZM::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiWX08ZM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiWX08ZM::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -56,5 +54,3 @@ bool XiaomiWX08ZM::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h
index 0b0cb8db0b..bbb7b66352 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/xiaomi_wx08zm.h
@@ -3,20 +3,18 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm {
 
-class XiaomiWX08ZM : public Component,
-                     public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
-                     public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiWX08ZM final : public Component,
+                           public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
+                           public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_tablet(sensor::Sensor *tablet) { tablet_ = tablet; }
@@ -29,5 +27,3 @@ class XiaomiWX08ZM : public Component,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_wx08zm
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py
index b41a775f35..8282523129 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker, sensor
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_LEVEL,
@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["xiaomi_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["ble_device_base", "xiaomi_ble"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@medusalix"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 
 xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc")
 XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC = xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc_ns.class_(
-    "XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC", esp32_ble_tracker.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
+    "XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC", ble_device_base.ESPBTDeviceListener, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC),
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_bindkey(config[CONF_BINDKEY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp
index c2b3ec1437..aba954fd91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc";
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ void XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Battery Level", this->battery_level_);
 }
 
-bool XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+bool XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_device(): unknown MAC address.");
     return false;
@@ -69,5 +67,3 @@ bool XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devic
 void XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC::set_bindkey(const char *bindkey) { parse_hex(bindkey, this->bindkey_, sizeof(this->bindkey_)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h
index 9bab943ab9..90b2c4e420 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc.h
@@ -2,19 +2,17 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
 #include "esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc {
 
-class XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
+class XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC final : public Component, public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   void set_address(uint64_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
   void set_bindkey(const char *bindkey);
 
-  bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
 
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_temperature(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_ = temperature; }
@@ -30,5 +28,3 @@ class XiaomiXMWSDJ04MMC : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevic
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
-
-#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py
index 58ce4a30f8..5686b74173 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xl9535/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONF_XL9535 = "xl9535"
 
@@ -29,13 +31,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
 
-def validate_mode(mode):
+def validate_mode(mode: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (mode[CONF_INPUT] or mode[CONF_OUTPUT]) or (
         mode[CONF_INPUT] and mode[CONF_OUTPUT]
     ):
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ def validate_mode(mode):
     return mode
 
 
-def validate_pin(pin):
+def validate_pin(pin: int) -> int:
     if pin in (8, 9):
         raise cv.Invalid(f"pin {pin} doesn't exist")
     return pin
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ XL9535_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(CONF_XL9535, XL9535_PIN_SCHEMA)
-async def xl9535_pin_to_code(config):
+async def xl9535_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_XL9535])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xl9535/xl9535.h b/esphome/components/xl9535/xl9535.h
index 253ce76273..11fb3acc8d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xl9535/xl9535.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xl9535/xl9535.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ enum {
   XL9535_CONFIG_PORT_1_REGISTER = 0x07,
 };
 
-class XL9535Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+class XL9535Component final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   bool digital_read(uint8_t pin);
   void digital_write(uint8_t pin, bool value);
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class XL9535Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::IO; }
 };
 
-class XL9535GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
+class XL9535GPIOPin final : public GPIOPin {
  public:
   void set_parent(XL9535Component *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py
index d91ae44789..e38bc23da3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi, touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_THRESHOLD
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@numo68", "@nielsnl68"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/xpt2046.h b/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/xpt2046.h
index f619e06fb7..8fe9b7cc43 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/xpt2046.h
+++ b/esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/xpt2046.h
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ namespace esphome::xpt2046 {
 
 using namespace touchscreen;
 
-class XPT2046Component : public Touchscreen,
-                         public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
-                                               spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_2MHZ> {
+class XPT2046Component final : public Touchscreen,
+                               public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
+                                                     spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING, spi::DATA_RATE_2MHZ> {
  public:
   /// Set the threshold for the touch detection.
   void set_threshold(int16_t threshold) { this->threshold_ = threshold; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py b/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py
index d7386eb6a3..cfc4744d82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/yashima/climate.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import climate, remote_transmitter, sensor
 from esphome.components.remote_base import CONF_TRANSMITTER_ID
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.h b/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.h
index 336b28f5c5..864b3fce66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.h
+++ b/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::yashima {
 
-class YashimaClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
+class YashimaClimate final : public climate::Climate, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void set_transmitter(remote_transmitter::RemoteTransmitterComponent *transmitter) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
index bd5f01aa3a..29ba0b9ed2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from pathlib import Path
 import textwrap
 from typing import TypedDict
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_BOARD, KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from esphome.writer import clean_cmake_cache
 
 from .const import (
     CONF_CDC_ACM,
@@ -15,27 +17,47 @@ from .const import (
     KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES,
     KEY_KCONFIG,
     KEY_OVERLAY,
+    KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER,
     KEY_PM_STATIC,
     KEY_PRJ_CONF,
-    KEY_USER,
+    KEY_SYSBUILD,
     KEY_ZEPHYR,
     zephyr_ns,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@tomaszduda23"]
 
-PrjConfValueType = bool | str | int
+
+class HexValue:
+    """Wrap an integer so it is written as 0x... in prj.conf (required for hex Kconfig types)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, HexValue):
+            return self.value == other.value
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"HexValue(0x{self.value:X})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"0x{self.value:X}"
+
+
+PrjConfValueType = bool | str | int | HexValue
 
 
 class Section:
-    def __init__(self, name, address, size, region):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, address: int, size: int, region: str) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.address = address
         self.size = size
         self.region = region
         self.end_address = self.address + self.size
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f"{self.name}:\n"
             f"  address: 0x{self.address:X}\n"
@@ -52,8 +74,9 @@ class ZephyrData(TypedDict):
     overlay: dict[str, str]
     extra_build_files: dict[str, Path]
     pm_static: list[Section]
-    user: dict[str, list[str]]
     kconfig: str
+    sysbuild: bool
+    overlay_builder: list[Callable[[], str]]
 
 
 def zephyr_set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> None:
@@ -64,10 +87,14 @@ def zephyr_set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         overlay={
             "": "",
         },  # set empty to make sure that overlay is cleared after config change
+        overlay_builder=[],
         extra_build_files={},
         pm_static=[],
-        user={},
         kconfig="",
+        # When OTA is disabled, the image is built without a bootloader even if the
+        # config says `bootloader: mcuboot`, so the image can be smaller. This was
+        # the default behaviour in SDK 2.6.1.
+        sysbuild=False,
     )
 
 
@@ -106,6 +133,12 @@ def zephyr_add_overlay(content: str, image: str = "") -> None:
     data[KEY_OVERLAY][image] += textwrap.dedent(content)
 
 
+def zephyr_add_overlay_builder(func: Callable[[], str]) -> None:
+    data = zephyr_data()
+    if func not in data[KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER]:
+        data[KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER].append(func)
+
+
 def add_extra_build_file(filename: str, path: Path) -> bool:
     """Add an extra build file to the project."""
     extra_build_files = zephyr_data()[KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES]
@@ -125,11 +158,11 @@ def add_extra_script(stage: str, filename: str, path: Path) -> None:
 def zephyr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ZEPHYR")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
+    # The settings subsystem finds stored preferences by key, so key migration is possible
+    cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP")
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     # c++ support
-    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NEWLIB_LIBC", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("FPU", True)
-    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NEWLIB_LIBC_FLOAT_PRINTF", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("STD_CPP20", True)
     # random_bytes() uses sys_rand_get() which requires the entropy subsystem
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("ENTROPY_GENERATOR", True)
@@ -148,7 +181,7 @@ async def _cdc_acm_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         await cg.register_component(var, {})
 
 
-def zephyr_setup_preferences():
+def zephyr_setup_preferences() -> None:
     cg.add(zephyr_ns.setup_preferences())
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("SETTINGS", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("NVS", True)
@@ -159,6 +192,8 @@ def zephyr_setup_preferences():
 def _format_prj_conf_val(value: PrjConfValueType) -> str:
     if isinstance(value, bool):
         return "y" if value else "n"
+    if isinstance(value, HexValue):
+        return hex(value.value)
     if isinstance(value, int):
         return str(value)
     if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -196,28 +231,25 @@ def zephyr_add_pm_static(sections: list[Section]) -> None:
     zephyr_data()[KEY_PM_STATIC].extend(sections)
 
 
-def zephyr_add_user(key, value):
-    user = zephyr_data()[KEY_USER]
-    if key not in user:
-        user[key] = []
-    user[key] += [value]
+def _write_file_if_changed_or_remove_when_empty(path: Path, content: str) -> bool:
+    """Write content to path, or remove a stale file when content is empty.
+
+    Returns True if the file changed on disk.
+    """
+    if content:
+        return write_file_if_changed(path, content)
+    if path.is_file():
+        path.unlink()
+        return True
+    return False
 
 
-def copy_files():
-    user = zephyr_data()[KEY_USER]
-    if user:
-        entries = " ".join(
-            f"{key} = {', '.join(value)};" for key, value in user.items()
-        )
-        zephyr_add_overlay(
-            f"""
-                / {{
-                    zephyr,user {{
-                        {entries}
-                    }};
-                }};
-            """
-        )
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    for builder_func in zephyr_data()[KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER]:
+        overlay_contents = builder_func()
+        zephyr_add_overlay(overlay_contents)
+
+    changed = False
 
     for image, want_opts in zephyr_data()[KEY_PRJ_CONF].items():
         prj_conf = (
@@ -229,30 +261,29 @@ def copy_files():
         )
 
         if image:
-            path = CORE.relative_build_path(f"sysbuild/{image}.conf")
+            path = CORE.relative_build_path(f"zephyr/sysbuild/{image}.conf")
         else:
             path = CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/prj.conf")
 
-        write_file_if_changed(CORE.relative_build_path(path), prj_conf)
+        changed |= write_file_if_changed(path, prj_conf)
 
     for image, content in zephyr_data()[KEY_OVERLAY].items():
         if image:
-            path = CORE.relative_build_path(f"sysbuild/{image}.overlay")
+            path = CORE.relative_build_path(f"zephyr/sysbuild/{image}.overlay")
         else:
             path = CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/app.overlay")
-        write_file_if_changed(path, content)
+        changed |= write_file_if_changed(path, content)
 
     for filename, path in zephyr_data()[KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES].items():
-        copy_file_if_changed(
+        changed |= copy_file_if_changed(
             path,
             CORE.relative_build_path(filename),
         )
 
     pm_static = "\n".join(str(item) for item in zephyr_data()[KEY_PM_STATIC])
-    if pm_static:
-        write_file_if_changed(
-            CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/pm_static.yml"), pm_static
-        )
+    changed |= _write_file_if_changed_or_remove_when_empty(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/pm_static.yml"), pm_static
+    )
 
     kconfig = zephyr_data()[KEY_KCONFIG]
     if kconfig:
@@ -267,4 +298,19 @@ def copy_files():
             + "\n"
             + kconfig
         )
-        write_file_if_changed(CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/Kconfig"), kconfig)
+    changed |= _write_file_if_changed_or_remove_when_empty(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/Kconfig"), kconfig
+    )
+
+    sysbuild_conf = ""
+    if zephyr_data()[KEY_SYSBUILD]:
+        sysbuild_conf = "SB_CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT=y\n"
+    changed |= _write_file_if_changed_or_remove_when_empty(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("zephyr/sysbuild.conf"), sysbuild_conf
+    )
+
+    if changed:
+        # A configure-time input changed; drop the CMake cache so the build
+        # can't reuse stale configure results (the native sdk-nrf toolchain
+        # rebuilds pristine when the cache is missing).
+        clean_cmake_cache()
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h
index 4dc14397d8..9d11d4b575 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::zephyr {
 
-class CdcAcm : public Component {
+class CdcAcm final : public Component {
  public:
   CdcAcm();
   void setup() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py
index f2de861e31..0bb8d33a1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT = "mcuboot"
 KEY_BOOTLOADER: Final = "bootloader"
 KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES: Final = "extra_build_files"
 KEY_OVERLAY: Final = "overlay"
+KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER: Final = "overlay_builder"
 KEY_PM_STATIC: Final = "pm_static"
 KEY_KCONFIG: Final = "kconfig"
 KEY_PRJ_CONF: Final = "prj_conf"
 KEY_ZEPHYR = "zephyr"
 KEY_BOARD: Final = "board"
-KEY_USER: Final = "user"
+KEY_SYSBUILD: Final = "sysbuild"
 
 zephyr_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr")
 CdcAcm = zephyr_ns.class_("CdcAcm", cg.Component)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.cpp
index 1d5b0f282b..23da2cafac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include "gpio.h"
 #include <zephyr/drivers/gpio.h>
+#include <zephyr/sys/util.h>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -33,20 +34,80 @@ static gpio_flags_t flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, bool inverted, bool value)
   return ret;
 }
 
+// ESPHome's InterruptType is expressed in logical levels, but the pin is configured active-high in Zephyr (inversion is
+// applied in software by digital_read()/digital_write(), see the `!= inverted_` convention below). So when the pin is
+// inverted we must swap the physical edge/level the interrupt arms on: a logical rising edge is a physical falling
+// edge, etc. GPIO_INT_EDGE_BOTH is symmetric and needs no swap.
+static gpio_flags_t interrupt_type_to_flags(gpio::InterruptType type, bool inverted) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE:
+      return inverted ? GPIO_INT_EDGE_FALLING : GPIO_INT_EDGE_RISING;
+    case gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE:
+      return inverted ? GPIO_INT_EDGE_RISING : GPIO_INT_EDGE_FALLING;
+    case gpio::INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE:
+      return GPIO_INT_EDGE_BOTH;
+    case gpio::INTERRUPT_LOW_LEVEL:
+      return inverted ? GPIO_INT_LEVEL_HIGH : GPIO_INT_LEVEL_LOW;
+    case gpio::INTERRUPT_HIGH_LEVEL:
+      return inverted ? GPIO_INT_LEVEL_LOW : GPIO_INT_LEVEL_HIGH;
+  }
+  return inverted ? GPIO_INT_EDGE_FALLING : GPIO_INT_EDGE_RISING;
+}
+
+// Zephyr calls this with a pointer to the gpio_callback the interrupt fired on.
+// Recover the owning ZephyrGPIOInterrupt and dispatch to the ESPHome ISR.
+static void gpio_interrupt_handler(const device * /*dev*/, gpio_callback *cb, uint32_t /*pins*/) {
+  auto *interrupt = CONTAINER_OF(cb, ZephyrGPIOInterrupt, callback);
+  if (interrupt->func != nullptr) {
+    interrupt->func(interrupt->arg);
+  }
+}
+
 struct ISRPinArg {
+  const device *gpio;
   uint8_t pin;
+  uint8_t gpio_size;
   bool inverted;
 };
 
 ISRInternalGPIOPin ZephyrGPIOPin::to_isr() const {
   auto *arg = new ISRPinArg{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  arg->gpio = this->gpio_;
   arg->pin = this->pin_;
+  arg->gpio_size = this->gpio_size_;
   arg->inverted = this->inverted_;
   return ISRInternalGPIOPin((void *) arg);
 }
 
 void ZephyrGPIOPin::attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const {
-  // TODO
+  if (!device_is_ready(this->gpio_)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot attach interrupt: GPIO device not ready");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Drop any interrupt previously attached to this pin before re-registering.
+  this->detach_interrupt();
+
+  this->interrupt_.func = func;
+  this->interrupt_.arg = arg;
+
+  uint8_t port_pin = this->pin_ % this->gpio_size_;
+  gpio_init_callback(&this->interrupt_.callback, gpio_interrupt_handler, BIT(port_pin));
+
+  int ret = gpio_add_callback(this->gpio_, &this->interrupt_.callback);
+  if (ret != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "gpio_add_callback failed for pin %u: %d", this->pin_, ret);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ret = gpio_pin_interrupt_configure(this->gpio_, port_pin, interrupt_type_to_flags(type, this->inverted_));
+  if (ret != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "gpio_pin_interrupt_configure failed for pin %u: %d", this->pin_, ret);
+    gpio_remove_callback(this->gpio_, &this->interrupt_.callback);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt attached to pin %u (type=%d)", this->pin_, (int) type);
 }
 
 void ZephyrGPIOPin::setup() {
@@ -88,15 +149,36 @@ void ZephyrGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
   }
   gpio_pin_set(this->gpio_, this->pin_ % this->gpio_size_, value != this->inverted_ ? 1 : 0);
 }
+
 void ZephyrGPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const {
-  // TODO
+  if (this->gpio_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t port_pin = this->pin_ % this->gpio_size_;
+  gpio_pin_interrupt_configure(this->gpio_, port_pin, GPIO_INT_DISABLE);
+  gpio_remove_callback(this->gpio_, &this->interrupt_.callback);
+
+  this->interrupt_.func = nullptr;
+  this->interrupt_.arg = nullptr;
 }
 
 }  // namespace zephyr
 
 bool IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_read() {
-  // TODO
-  return false;
+  auto *arg = (zephyr::ISRPinArg *) this->arg_;
+  if (arg == nullptr || arg->gpio == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return bool(gpio_pin_get(arg->gpio, arg->pin % arg->gpio_size) != arg->inverted);
+}
+
+void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
+  auto *arg = (zephyr::ISRPinArg *) this->arg_;
+  if (arg == nullptr || arg->gpio == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  gpio_pin_set(arg->gpio, arg->pin % arg->gpio_size, value != arg->inverted ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h
index 907fbe9f9c..71d1620a67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h
@@ -3,9 +3,20 @@
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include <zephyr/device.h>
+#include <zephyr/drivers/gpio.h>
 namespace esphome::zephyr {
 
-class ZephyrGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
+// Bundles the Zephyr gpio_callback together with the ESPHome ISR function and
+// argument. Keeping them in one POD struct lets the static handler recover the
+// owning data straight from the callback pointer via CONTAINER_OF, so no global
+// pin->instance lookup table is needed.
+struct ZephyrGPIOInterrupt {
+  struct gpio_callback callback;
+  void (*func)(void *){nullptr};
+  void *arg{nullptr};
+};
+
+class ZephyrGPIOPin final : public InternalGPIOPin {
  public:
   ZephyrGPIOPin(const device *gpio, int gpio_size, const char *pin_name_prefix) {
     this->gpio_ = gpio;
@@ -36,6 +47,10 @@ class ZephyrGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   uint8_t gpio_size_{};
   bool inverted_{};
   bool value_{false};
+
+  // attach_interrupt()/detach_interrupt() are const (matching the base class), so
+  // the interrupt state they manage has to be mutable.
+  mutable ZephyrGPIOInterrupt interrupt_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::zephyr
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d09f0afedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+"""Zephyr backend for the shared PlatformIO library converter.
+
+For each PlatformIO library added via ``cg.add_library()``, emit a Zephyr
+external module (``zephyr/module.yml`` + ``zephyr/CMakeLists.txt`` built with the
+``zephyr_library*`` API) into the shared ``pio_components`` cache. The caller
+wires the resulting module directories into the build via
+``EXTRA_ZEPHYR_MODULES``; Zephyr then compiles each module and links it into the
+final image.
+
+Only framework-agnostic libraries (plain C/C++ that doesn't depend on the Arduino
+API) will actually compile under Zephyr — this converter shares the
+fetch/parse/cache plumbing, not API compatibility.
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome import yaml_util
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Library
+from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS,
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR,
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER,
+    SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+    ConvertedLibrary,
+    LibraryBackend,
+    PathType,
+    collect_filtered_files,
+    convert_libraries,
+    ensure_list,
+    lex_build_flags,
+    split_list_by_condition,
+)
+
+# Zephyr libraries declare frameworks rarely and the PIO ``platforms`` token for
+# nRF is seldom present, so the platform check is disabled (None) and only the
+# framework mismatch warning fires.
+ZEPHYR_FRAMEWORK = "zephyr"
+
+
+def _escape(p: PathType) -> str:
+    # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes and embedded quotes need escaping
+    # (mirrors the ESP-IDF backend's escape_entry; the lex round-trip makes
+    # a literal quote in a -D value reachable). Doubling backslashes --
+    # rather than rewriting '\' -> '/' -- preserves content, so it's safe
+    # for arbitrary build flags as well as Windows paths.
+    escaped = str(p).replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+    return f'"{escaped}"'
+
+
+def generate_module_yml(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> str:
+    """Render the ``zephyr/module.yml`` manifest for a converted library."""
+    return yaml_util.dump(
+        {
+            "name": component.get_require_name(),
+            "build": {"cmake": "zephyr"},
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> str:
+    """Render the ``zephyr/CMakeLists.txt`` that builds a converted library.
+
+    Sources/includes are emitted as absolute paths since the CMakeLists lives in
+    the library's ``zephyr/`` subdir while its sources sit alongside it. Include
+    dirs are published globally so the app (and sibling libraries) can include the
+    library's headers, mirroring ESP-IDF's public ``INCLUDE_DIRS``.
+    """
+    build = component.data.get("build", {})
+
+    # The library's own files live in source_path (the user's directory for a
+    # local library, the downloaded dir otherwise); the generated zephyr/ files
+    # go under component.path. Sources are already emitted as absolute paths, so
+    # they resolve correctly wherever source_path points.
+    read_path = component.source_dir
+
+    build_src_dir = build.get("srcDir")
+    if not build_src_dir:
+        for d in ["src", "Src", "."]:
+            if (read_path / Path(d)).is_dir():
+                build_src_dir = d
+                break
+
+    build_include_dir = build.get("includeDir", DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR)
+    build_src_filter = ensure_list(build.get("srcFilter", DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER))
+    # The shared lexer re-glues spaced entries and drops bare/empty
+    # arguments, same as the espidf emitter
+    build_flags = lex_build_flags(
+        build.get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS), component.name
+    )
+
+    src_files = collect_filtered_files(
+        read_path / Path(build_src_dir), build_src_filter
+    )
+    src_files = sorted(
+        str(Path(p).resolve())
+        for p in src_files
+        if Path(p).suffix in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS
+    )
+
+    include_dir_flags, build_flags = split_list_by_condition(
+        build_flags, lambda a: a[2:].strip() if a.startswith("-I") else None
+    )
+    link_directories, build_flags = split_list_by_condition(
+        build_flags, lambda a: a[2:].strip() if a.startswith("-L") else None
+    )
+    # The zephyr/CMakeLists lives in a subdir, so a relative -L would resolve
+    # from there rather than the library root; make link dirs absolute against
+    # the library's own directory (source_dir), matching src/include handling.
+    link_directories = [str((read_path / Path(d)).resolve()) for d in link_directories]
+    link_libraries, build_flags = split_list_by_condition(
+        build_flags, lambda a: a[2:].strip() if a.startswith("-l") else None
+    )
+
+    include_dirs = [build_include_dir, build_src_dir, *include_dir_flags]
+    include_dirs = [
+        str((read_path / Path(d)).resolve())
+        for d in include_dirs
+        if (read_path / Path(d)).is_dir()
+    ]
+
+    lines = [f"zephyr_library_named({component.get_require_name()})"]
+    if src_files:
+        lines += [
+            "zephyr_library_sources(",
+            *[f"  {_escape(p)}" for p in src_files],
+            ")",
+        ]
+    if include_dirs:
+        lines += [
+            "zephyr_include_directories(",
+            *[f"  {_escape(p)}" for p in include_dirs],
+            ")",
+        ]
+    if build_flags:
+        lines += [
+            "zephyr_library_compile_options(",
+            *[f"  {_escape(f)}" for f in build_flags],
+            ")",
+        ]
+    # Best-effort link wiring; most Zephyr-portable libraries don't need it.
+    link_flags = [f"-L{d}" for d in link_directories] + [
+        f"-l{lib}" for lib in link_libraries
+    ]
+    if link_flags:
+        lines += [
+            "zephyr_link_libraries(",
+            *[f"  {_escape(f)}" for f in link_flags],
+            ")",
+        ]
+
+    return "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
+
+
+def _emit_zephyr_module(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> None:
+    zephyr_dir = component.path / "zephyr"
+    write_file_if_changed(zephyr_dir / "module.yml", generate_module_yml(component))
+    write_file_if_changed(
+        zephyr_dir / "CMakeLists.txt", generate_cmakelists_txt(component)
+    )
+
+
+def generate_zephyr_modules(libraries: list[Library]) -> list[Path]:
+    """Convert ``libraries`` to Zephyr modules and return all module directories.
+
+    The returned list includes transitive dependencies (each converted library is
+    its own module). Every directory should be added to ``EXTRA_ZEPHYR_MODULES``;
+    Zephyr links all module libraries into the image, so cross-library symbols
+    resolve without explicit dependency declarations.
+
+    Raises ``EsphomeError`` if two libraries resolve to the same Zephyr module
+    name -- each module's CMakeLists calls ``zephyr_library_named(<name>)``, so a
+    duplicate would otherwise fail the build with a CMake "target already exists".
+    The converter already warns when a library is referenced under inconsistent
+    specs (bare ``name`` vs ``owner/name``, git vs registry); this turns that into
+    an actionable error at the Zephyr boundary where it is fatal.
+    """
+    module_dirs: list[Path] = []
+    by_name: dict[str, Path] = {}
+
+    def emit(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> None:
+        name = component.get_require_name()
+        if name in by_name:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Two libraries resolve to the same Zephyr module '{name}' "
+                f"({by_name[name]} and {component.path}). Reference the library "
+                f"consistently (e.g. always as 'owner/name') so it resolves once."
+            )
+        by_name[name] = component.path
+        _emit_zephyr_module(component)
+        module_dirs.append(component.path)
+
+    backend = LibraryBackend(
+        platform=None, framework=ZEPHYR_FRAMEWORK, emit=emit, cache_key="zephyr"
+    )
+    convert_libraries(libraries, backend)
+    return module_dirs
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp
index c26a1d6d53..ed22613625 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp
@@ -58,12 +58,19 @@ void ZephyrPreferences::open() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Loaded %zu settings.", this->backends_.size());
 }
 
-ESPPreferenceObject ZephyrPreferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
+ZephyrPreferenceBackend *ZephyrPreferences::find_backend_(uint32_t type) {
   for (auto *backend : this->backends_) {
     if (backend->get_type() == type) {
-      return ESPPreferenceObject(backend);
+      return backend;
     }
   }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+ESPPreferenceObject ZephyrPreferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type) {
+  if (auto *backend = this->find_backend_(type)) {
+    return ESPPreferenceObject(backend);
+  }
   auto *pref = new ZephyrPreferenceBackend(type);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
   char key_buf[KEY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   pref->format_key(key_buf, sizeof(key_buf));
@@ -72,6 +79,13 @@ ESPPreferenceObject ZephyrPreferences::make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t t
   return ESPPreferenceObject(pref);
 }
 
+bool ZephyrPreferences::load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  // Stored settings are preloaded into backends_ at boot by settings_load_subtree(),
+  // so a key with no registered backend has no stored data.
+  auto *backend = this->find_backend_(type);
+  return backend != nullptr && backend->load(data, len);
+}
+
 bool ZephyrPreferences::sync() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Save settings");
   int err = settings_save();
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h
index 9e2555f910..b1ad95fd74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@ class ZephyrPreferences final : public PreferencesMixin<ZephyrPreferences> {
     return this->make_preference(length, type);
   }
   ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t length, uint32_t type);
+  /// One-shot read of a stored preference by key, without allocating or registering a backend
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   bool sync();
   bool reset();
 
  protected:
+  ZephyrPreferenceBackend *find_backend_(uint32_t type);
   std::vector<ZephyrPreferenceBackend *> backends_;
 
   static int load_setting(const char *name, size_t len, settings_read_cb read_cb, void *cb_arg);
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
index 658137d1a2..463b9c0887 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, Framework
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 zephyr_ble_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr_ble_server")
 BLEServer = zephyr_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEServer", cg.Component)
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_PERIPHERAL", True)
@@ -65,7 +67,12 @@ BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h
index bf69c52b12..223dbf7ac9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::zephyr_ble_server {
 
-class BLEServer : public Component {
+class BLEServer final : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class BLEServer : public Component {
   CallbackManager<void(uint32_t)> passkey_cb_;
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class BLENumericComparisonReplyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class BLENumericComparisonReplyAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit BLENumericComparisonReplyAction(BLEServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
index b0d86190b8..ad89c1ac79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.nrf52.boards import BOOTLOADER_CONFIG
 from esphome.components.ota import BASE_OTA_SCHEMA, OTAComponent, ota_to_code
 from esphome.components.zephyr import (
+    HexValue,
     zephyr_add_cdc_acm,
     zephyr_add_overlay,
     zephyr_add_prj_conf,
     zephyr_data,
 )
-from esphome.components.zephyr.const import BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT, KEY_BOOTLOADER
+from esphome.components.zephyr.const import (
+    BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT,
+    KEY_BOOTLOADER,
+    KEY_SYSBUILD,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID, Framework
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_HARDWARE_UART,
+    CONF_ID,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+    Framework,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -62,12 +74,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _validate_mcumgr_bootloader(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
-    if bootloader != BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{bootloader}' bootloader does not support OTA")
-
-
 KEY_ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER = "zephyr_ble_server"
 
 
@@ -79,9 +85,22 @@ def _validate_ble_server(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"'{KEY_ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER}' component is required for BLE OTA")
 
 
+def _validate_bootloader(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
+    if bootloader == BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT:
+        return
+    if bootloader not in BOOTLOADER_CONFIG:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"{bootloader} does not support OTA")
+    framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
+    if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "OTA with Adafruit_nRF52_Bootloader requires at least SDK 2.9.2"
+        )
+
+
 def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    _validate_mcumgr_bootloader(config)
     _validate_ble_server(config)
+    _validate_bootloader(config)
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
@@ -139,3 +158,73 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 }};
                 """
         )
+    framework_ver = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
+    if framework_ver >= cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
+        zephyr_data()[KEY_SYSBUILD] = True
+
+    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
+    if bootloader != BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT:
+        sections = BOOTLOADER_CONFIG[bootloader]
+        # Derive partition addresses from the SoftDevice and bootloader sections so
+        # that the DTS flash map matches what the Partition Manager produces:
+        #   MCUboot sits immediately after the SoftDevice, then slot0, then slot1.
+        mcuboot_size = 0x9000
+        sd_end = next(s.address + s.size for s in sections if "SoftDevice" in s.name)
+        bl_start = next(s.address for s in sections if "Adafruit" in s.name)
+        slot0_start = sd_end + mcuboot_size
+        # Align slot size down to a 4 KB sector boundary
+        slot_size = ((bl_start - slot0_start) // 2 // 0x1000) * 0x1000
+        slot1_start = slot0_start + slot_size
+
+        def _mcuboot_partition_overlay() -> str:
+            def part(name: str, start: int, size: int) -> str:
+                return f"""
+                {name}: partition@{start:x} {{
+                    reg = <0x{start:x} 0x{size:x}>;
+                }};"""
+
+            return f"""
+                /delete-node/ &boot_partition;
+                /delete-node/ &storage_partition;
+                /delete-node/ &code_partition;
+                /delete-node/ &reserved_partition_0;
+
+                &flash0 {{
+                    partitions {{
+                        compatible = "fixed-partitions";
+                        #address-cells = <1>;
+                        #size-cells = <1>;
+                        {part("slot0_partition", slot0_start, slot_size)}
+                        {part("slot1_partition", slot1_start, slot_size)}
+                    }};
+                }};
+            """
+
+        def _code_partition_overlay() -> str:
+            return """
+                / {
+                    chosen {
+                        zephyr,code-partition = &slot0_partition;
+                    };
+                };
+                """
+
+        zephyr_add_overlay(_mcuboot_partition_overlay())
+        zephyr_add_overlay(_mcuboot_partition_overlay(), "mcuboot")
+        zephyr_add_overlay(_code_partition_overlay())
+        zephyr_add_overlay(_code_partition_overlay(), "mcuboot")
+        # mcuboot is second bootloader. It's only task is to swap partitions.
+        # recovery can be done by first bootloader. Keep it small.
+        zephyr_add_overlay(
+            """
+                &zephyr_udc0 {
+                    status = "disabled";
+                };
+            """,
+            "mcuboot",
+        )
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("USB_DEVICE_STACK", False, image="mcuboot")
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("CONSOLE", False, image="mcuboot")
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf(
+            "PM_PARTITION_SIZE_MCUBOOT", HexValue(mcuboot_size), image="mcuboot"
+        )
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4bcce84845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@wiomoc"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cb62b85b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/output.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import output
+from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_overlay_builder, zephyr_add_prj_conf
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES,
+    CONF_FREQUENCY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INVERTED,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
+    CONF_OUTPUT,
+    CONF_PIN,
+    CONF_PLATFORM,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["zephyr"]
+DOMAIN = "zephyr_pwm"
+
+zephyr_pwm_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr_pwm")
+ZephyrPWMChannel = zephyr_pwm_ns.class_(
+    "ZephyrPWMChannel", output.FloatOutput, cg.Component
+)
+validate_frequency = cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=3.815, max=1e7))
+
+
+def _pin_schema(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
+    value = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema(value)
+    if value.get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES, False):
+        raise cv.Invalid("allow_other_uses is not supported for zephyr_pwm pins")
+    return value
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(ZephyrPWMChannel),
+            cv.Required(CONF_PIN): _pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FREQUENCY, default="1kHz"): validate_frequency,
+        }
+    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    cv.only_on_nrf52,
+)
+
+PWM_BLOCK_COUNT = 4
+PWM_CHANNELS_PER_BLOCK = 4
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PWMBlock:
+    id: int
+    period_ns: int
+    pins: list[int]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ZephyrPWMData:
+    pwm_blocks: list[PWMBlock] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _get_data() -> ZephyrPWMData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = ZephyrPWMData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _allocate_blocks() -> None:
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    zephyr_pwm_conf = [
+        cfg
+        for cfg in full_config.get(CONF_OUTPUT, [])
+        if cfg.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == DOMAIN
+    ]
+
+    pwm_blocks: list[PWMBlock] = []
+    for cfg in zephyr_pwm_conf:
+        pin_number = cfg[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER]
+        period_ns = int(1e9 / cfg[CONF_FREQUENCY])
+        pwm_block = next(
+            (
+                block
+                for block in pwm_blocks
+                if block.period_ns == period_ns
+                and len(block.pins) < PWM_CHANNELS_PER_BLOCK
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        if pwm_block is None:
+            if len(pwm_blocks) >= PWM_BLOCK_COUNT:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Only {PWM_BLOCK_COUNT} PWM blocks with a distinct frequency and {PWM_CHANNELS_PER_BLOCK} channels each are supported by nrf52"
+                )
+            pwm_block = PWMBlock(id=len(pwm_blocks), period_ns=period_ns, pins=[])
+            pwm_blocks.append(pwm_block)
+        pwm_block.pins.append(pin_number)
+
+    _get_data().pwm_blocks = pwm_blocks
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    _allocate_blocks()
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+def _overlay_pwm() -> str:
+    pwm_blocks: list[PWMBlock] = _get_data().pwm_blocks
+
+    assert CORE.is_nrf52
+
+    overlay_parts = []
+
+    overlay_parts.extend(
+        f"""
+        &pwm{block.id} {{
+            status = "okay";
+            pinctrl-0 = <&pwm{block.id}_default_custom>;
+            pinctrl-1 = <&pwm{block.id}_sleep_custom>;
+            pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
+        }};"""
+        for block in pwm_blocks
+    )
+
+    pinctls = []
+    for block in pwm_blocks:
+        psels = ", ".join(
+            f"<NRF_PSEL(PWM_OUT{channel_id}, {pin // 32}, {pin % 32})>"
+            for channel_id, pin in enumerate(block.pins)
+        )
+        pinctls.append(f"""
+            pwm{block.id}_default_custom: pwm{block.id}_default_custom {{
+                group1 {{
+                    psels = {psels};
+                }};
+            }};
+            pwm{block.id}_sleep_custom: pwm{block.id}_sleep_custom {{
+                group1 {{
+                    psels = {psels};
+                    low-power-enable;
+                }};
+            }};""")
+
+    overlay_parts.append(f"""
+        &pinctrl {{
+         {"\n".join(pinctls)}
+        }};""")
+    return "\n".join(overlay_parts)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("PWM", True)
+    pin = config[CONF_PIN]
+    pwm_blocks: list[PWMBlock] = _get_data().pwm_blocks
+    pwm_block = next(
+        (block for block in pwm_blocks if pin[CONF_NUMBER] in block.pins), None
+    )
+    channel_id = pwm_block.pins.index(pin[CONF_NUMBER])
+
+    zephyr_add_overlay_builder(_overlay_pwm)
+
+    pin_inverted = pin.get(CONF_INVERTED, False)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        cg.RawExpression(f"DEVICE_DT_GET_OR_NULL(DT_NODELABEL(pwm{pwm_block.id}))"),
+        channel_id,
+        pin_inverted,
+        pwm_block.period_ns,
+    )
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await output.register_output(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/zephyr_pwm.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/zephyr_pwm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa1393388a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/zephyr_pwm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+
+#include "zephyr_pwm.h"
+
+#include <zephyr/drivers/pwm.h>
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr_pwm {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "zephyr_pwm";
+
+void ZephyrPWMChannel::setup() {
+  if (!device_is_ready(this->device_)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PWM is not ready.");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void ZephyrPWMChannel::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Zephyr PWM:\n"
+                "  Channel: %u\n"
+                "  Period: %u ns",
+                this->channel_, this->period_ns_);
+  LOG_FLOAT_OUTPUT(this);
+}
+void HOT ZephyrPWMChannel::write_state(float state) {
+  uint32_t pulse_width_ns = state * this->period_ns_;
+  pwm_flags_t flags = this->pin_inverted_ ? PWM_POLARITY_INVERTED : PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL;
+  int err = pwm_set(this->device_, this->channel_, this->period_ns_, pulse_width_ns, flags);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set PWM output: channel=%u, period=%u ns, pulse_width=%u ns, error=%d", this->channel_,
+             this->period_ns_, pulse_width_ns, err);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr_pwm
+
+#endif  // USE_ZEPHYR
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/zephyr_pwm.h b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/zephyr_pwm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfec0049a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/zephyr_pwm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/components/output/float_output.h"
+
+#include <zephyr/device.h>
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr_pwm {
+
+class ZephyrPWMChannel : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit ZephyrPWMChannel(const struct device *device, uint8_t channel, bool pin_inverted, uint32_t period_ns)
+      : device_(device), channel_(channel), pin_inverted_(pin_inverted), period_ns_(period_ns) {}
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  /// HARDWARE setup_priority
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+
+ protected:
+  void write_state(float state) override;
+
+  const struct device *device_;
+  uint8_t channel_;
+  bool pin_inverted_;
+  uint32_t period_ns_;
+};
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr_pwm
+
+#endif  // USE_ZEPHYR
diff --git a/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py b/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py
index 8d0c50308b..9e9933229f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zhlt01/climate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@cfeenstra1024"]
@@ -10,5 +11,5 @@ ZHLT01Climate = zhlt01_ns.class_("ZHLT01Climate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(ZHLT01Climate)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
index c75b0773d2..47913b34d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
@@ -8,17 +8,23 @@ from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32H4,
+    VARIANT_ESP32H21,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERNAL, CONF_MODEL, CONF_NAME
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERNAL, CONF_MODEL, CONF_NAME, CONF_ON_START
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
+    CONF_ENDPOINT,
+    CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER,
     CONF_ON_JOIN,
     CONF_POWER_SOURCE,
     CONF_REPORT,
     CONF_ROUTER,
+    CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE,
     CONF_WIPE_ON_BOOT,
     KEY_ZIGBEE,
     POWER_SOURCE,
@@ -28,7 +34,7 @@ from .const import (
 )
 from .const_zephyr import (
     CONF_IEEE802154_VENDOR_OUI,
-    CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER,
+    CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER_ZEPHYR,
     CONF_SLEEPY,
     CONF_ZIGBEE_ID,
     KEY_EP_NUMBER,
@@ -52,13 +58,33 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@luar123", "@tomaszduda23"]
 
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["openthread"]
 
+
+def _check_report_deprecation(value: str) -> str:
+    if str(value).lower() in ("coordinator", "enable"):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Report options 'coordinator' and 'enable' are deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use 'default' instead."
+        )
+    return value
+
+
 BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Optional(CONF_REPORT): cv.All(
             cv.requires_component("zigbee"),
             cv.requires_component("esp32"),
+            _check_report_deprecation,
             cv.enum(REPORT, lower=True),
-        )
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ENDPOINT): cv.All(
+            cv.requires_component("zigbee"),
+            cv.requires_component("esp32"),
+            cv.int_range(1, CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER),
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE): cv.All(
+            cv.requires_component("zigbee"),
+            cv.requires_component("esp32"),
+            cv.boolean,
+        ),
     }
 )
 BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({}).extend(BASE_SCHEMA).extend(zephyr_binary_sensor)
@@ -82,6 +108,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ROUTER, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_JOIN): automation.validate_automation({}),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_START): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_WIPE_ON_BOOT, "nrf52", default=False): cv.All(
                 cv.Any(
                     cv.boolean,
@@ -111,7 +138,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.only_on_esp32,
             only_on_variant(
                 supported=[
+                    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
                     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+                    VARIANT_ESP32H21,
+                    VARIANT_ESP32H4,
                     VARIANT_ESP32C5,
                     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
                 ]
@@ -132,8 +162,8 @@ def validate_number_of_ep(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "Single endpoint requires ZHA or at leatst Zigbee2MQTT 2.8.0. For older versions of Zigbee2MQTT use multiple endpoints"
         )
-    if count > CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER and not CORE.testing_mode:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Maximum number of end points is {CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER}")
+    if count > CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER_ZEPHYR and not CORE.testing_mode:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Maximum number of end points is {CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER_ZEPHYR}")
 
     return config
 
@@ -146,6 +176,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = [
     automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_JOIN, "add_on_join_callback", [(bool, "x")]),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_START, "add_on_start_callback", []),
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/const.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/const.py
index 7d0e14c67a..d922ae372f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/const.py
@@ -14,12 +14,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_AMPERE,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
+    UNIT_CUBIC_METER,
+    UNIT_CUBIC_METER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_DECIBEL,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
     UNIT_HERTZ,
     UNIT_HOUR,
     UNIT_KELVIN,
     UNIT_KILOMETER,
+    UNIT_KILOPASCAL,
+    UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS,
+    UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
     UNIT_KILOWATT,
     UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
     UNIT_LITRE_PER_SECOND,
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
     UNIT_PASCAL,
     UNIT_PERCENT,
+    UNIT_PH,
     UNIT_SECOND,
     UNIT_VOLT,
     UNIT_WATT,
@@ -55,21 +61,25 @@ REPORT = {
     "coordinator": report.ZIGBEE_REPORT_COORDINATOR,
     "enable": report.ZIGBEE_REPORT_ENABLE,
     "force": report.ZIGBEE_REPORT_FORCE,
+    "default": report.ZIGBEE_REPORT_DEFAULT,
 }
 
+CONF_ENDPOINT = "endpoint"
+CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER = 239
 CONF_ON_JOIN = "on_join"
 CONF_WIPE_ON_BOOT = "wipe_on_boot"
 CONF_REPORT = "report"
 CONF_ROUTER = "router"
 CONF_POWER_SOURCE = "power_source"
+CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE = "use_device_type"
 POWER_SOURCE = {
-    "UNKNOWN": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_UNKNOWN",
-    "MAINS_SINGLE_PHASE": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_MAINS_SINGLE_PHASE",
-    "MAINS_THREE_PHASE": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_MAINS_THREE_PHASE",
-    "BATTERY": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_BATTERY",
-    "DC_SOURCE": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_DC_SOURCE",
-    "EMERGENCY_MAINS_CONST": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_EMERGENCY_MAINS_CONST",
-    "EMERGENCY_MAINS_TRANSF": "ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_EMERGENCY_MAINS_TRANSF",
+    "UNKNOWN": 0x00,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_UNKNOWN
+    "MAINS_SINGLE_PHASE": 0x01,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_MAINS_SINGLE_PHASE
+    "MAINS_THREE_PHASE": 0x02,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_MAINS_THREE_PHASE
+    "BATTERY": 0x03,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_BATTERY
+    "DC_SOURCE": 0x04,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_DC_SOURCE
+    "EMERGENCY_MAINS_CONST": 0x05,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_EMERGENCY_MAINS_CONST
+    "EMERGENCY_MAINS_TRANSF": 0x06,  # ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_EMERGENCY_MAINS_TRANSF
 }
 
 KEY_ZIGBEE = "zigbee"
@@ -86,10 +96,13 @@ BACNET_UNITS = {
     UNIT_OHM: 4,
     UNIT_WATT: 47,
     UNIT_KILOWATT: 48,
+    UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS: 9,
+    UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE: 12,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS: 18,
     UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS: 19,
     UNIT_PASCAL: 53,
     UNIT_HECTOPASCAL: 133,
+    UNIT_KILOPASCAL: 54,
     UNIT_HERTZ: 27,
     UNIT_MILLIMETER: 30,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER: 118,
@@ -106,6 +119,9 @@ BACNET_UNITS = {
     UNIT_LUX: 37,
     UNIT_DECIBEL: 199,
     UNIT_PERCENT: 98,
+    UNIT_CUBIC_METER: 80,
+    UNIT_CUBIC_METER_PER_HOUR: 135,
+    UNIT_PH: 234,
 }
 BACNET_UNIT_NO_UNITS = 95
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py
index bb507320eb..2e1b09fb22 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/const_esp32.py
@@ -2,38 +2,36 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 
 DEVICE_TYPE = "device_type"
 ROLE = "role"
-CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER = 239
-CONF_NUM = "num"
 CONF_CLUSTERS = "clusters"
 CONF_ATTRIBUTES = "attributes"
-CONF_ENDPOINT = "endpoint"
 CONF_CLUSTER = "cluster"
 SCALE = "scale"
 CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID = "attribute_id"
-KEY_BS_EP = "binary_sensor_ep"
-KEY_SENSOR_EP = "sensor_ep"
+KEY_ZIGBEE_EP = "zigbee_ep"
+KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM = "zigbee_ep_no_num"
+KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL = "zigbee_first_ep_cl"
 
-ha_standard_devices = cg.esphome_ns.enum("zb_ha_standard_devs_e")
 DEVICE_ID = {
-    "RANGE_EXTENDER": ha_standard_devices.ZB_HA_RANGE_EXTENDER_DEVICE_ID,
-    "SIMPLE_SENSOR": ha_standard_devices.ZB_HA_SIMPLE_SENSOR_DEVICE_ID,
-    "CUSTOM_ATTR": ha_standard_devices.ZB_HA_CUSTOM_ATTR_DEVICE_ID,
+    "RANGE_EXTENDER": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZHA_RANGE_EXTENDER_DEVICE_ID"),
+    "SIMPLE_SENSOR": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZHA_SIMPLE_SENSOR_DEVICE_ID"),
+    "CUSTOM_ATTR": 0xFFF2,
 }
-cluster_id = cg.esphome_ns.enum("esp_zb_zcl_cluster_id_t")
+cluster_id = cg.esphome_ns.enum("ezb_zcl_cluster_id_e")
 CLUSTER_ID = {
-    "BASIC": cluster_id.ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC,
-    "BINARY_INPUT": cluster_id.ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT,
-    "ANALOG_INPUT": cluster_id.ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT,
+    "BASIC": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC,
+    "TIME": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_TIME,
+    "BINARY_INPUT": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT,
+    "ANALOG_INPUT": cluster_id.EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT,
 }
-cluster_role = cg.esphome_ns.enum("esp_zb_zcl_cluster_role_t")
 CLUSTER_ROLE = {
-    "SERVER": cluster_role.ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER_ROLE,
+    "SERVER": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER"),
+    "CLIENT": cg.RawExpression("EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_CLIENT"),
 }
-attr_type = cg.esphome_ns.enum("esp_zb_zcl_attr_type_t")
+attr_type = cg.esphome_ns.enum("ezb_zcl_attr_type_e")
 ATTR_TYPE = {
-    "BOOL": attr_type.ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_BOOL,
-    "8BITMAP": attr_type.ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_8BITMAP,
-    "CHAR_STRING": attr_type.ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_CHAR_STRING,
-    "SINGLE": attr_type.ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_SINGLE,
-    "DOUBLE": attr_type.ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_DOUBLE,
+    "BOOL": attr_type.EZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_BOOL,
+    "MAP8": attr_type.EZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_MAP8,
+    "STRING": attr_type.EZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_STRING,
+    "SINGLE": attr_type.EZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_SINGLE,
+    "DOUBLE": attr_type.EZB_ZCL_ATTR_TYPE_DOUBLE,
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/const_zephyr.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/const_zephyr.py
index 63d03c7952..bf8e8287c4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/const_zephyr.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/const_zephyr.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER = 8
+CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER_ZEPHYR = 8
 CONF_ZIGBEE_ID = "zigbee_id"
 CONF_ZIGBEE_BINARY_SENSOR = "zigbee_binary_sensor"
 CONF_ZIGBEE_SENSOR = "zigbee_sensor"
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py
index 3acab0076f..74f81df2e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/__init__.py
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import consume_endpoint
 from ..const import zigbee_ns
+from ..const_esp32 import ROLE
 from ..const_zephyr import CONF_ZIGBEE_ID
+from ..zigbee_ep_esp32 import add_clusters_to_first_ep, get_first_ep_num
 from ..zigbee_zephyr import (
     ZigbeeClusterDesc,
     ZigbeeComponent,
@@ -22,26 +24,52 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["zigbee"]
 
 ZigbeeTime = zigbee_ns.class_("ZigbeeTime", time_.RealTimeClock)
 
+
+def _validate_zigbee_time(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CORE.is_nrf52:
+        return consume_endpoint(config)
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        cl = [
+            {
+                CONF_ID: "TIME",
+                ROLE: "CLIENT",
+            },
+            {
+                CONF_ID: "TIME",
+                ROLE: "SERVER",
+            },
+        ]
+        add_clusters_to_first_ep(cl)
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ZigbeeTime),
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_ZIGBEE_ID, ["nrf52", "zigbee"]): cv.use_id(
-                ZigbeeComponent
-            ),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ZIGBEE_ID): cv.use_id(ZigbeeComponent),
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+                nrf52="1s",
+                esp32="15min",
+            ): cv.update_interval,  # override default from TIME_SCHEMA. Remove once nrf52 implementation is aligned.
         }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s")),
-    consume_endpoint,
+    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_zigbee_time,
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    CORE.add_job(_add_time, config)
+    if CORE.using_zephyr:
+        CORE.add_job(_add_time_zephyr, config)
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        zb = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ZIGBEE_ID])
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], zb, get_first_ep_num())
+        await cg.register_component(var, config)
+        await time_.register_time(var, config)
 
 
-async def _add_time(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def _add_time_zephyr(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     slot_index = get_slot_index()
 
     # Create unique names for this sensor's variables based on slot index
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5567295782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "zigbee_time_esp32.h"
+#if defined(USE_ZIGBEE) && defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_TIME)
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome::zigbee {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "zigbee.time";
+
+// This time standard is the number of
+// seconds since 0 hrs 0 mins 0 sec on 1st January 2000 UTC (Universal Coordinated Time).
+constexpr time_t EPOCH_2000 = 946684800;
+
+static ZigbeeTime *global_time = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+void ZigbeeTime::setup() {
+  global_time = this;
+  if (this->parent_->is_started()) {
+    this->register_zb_time_();
+  } else {
+    this->parent_->add_on_start_callback([this]() { this->register_zb_time_(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::register_zb_time_() {
+  ezb_zcl_time_interface_t time_interface = {
+      .get_utc_time = esphome::zigbee::ZigbeeTime::get_utc_time,
+      .set_utc_time = esphome::zigbee::ZigbeeTime::set_utc_time,
+  };
+  ezb_err_t ret;
+  if (!esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+    this->set_timeout("zb_time_register", 100, [this]() { this->register_zb_time_(); });
+    return;
+  }
+  ret = ezb_zcl_time_server_interface_register(this->endpoint_, time_interface);
+  esp_zigbee_lock_release();
+  if (ret != EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Setup failed: %d", ret);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->registered_ = true;
+  this->parent_->add_on_join_callback([this](bool x) { this->update(); });
+  if (this->parent_->is_joined()) {
+    this->update();
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::status_cb(ezb_err_t status) {
+  if (status == EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Time synchronization successful");
+  } else if (status == EZB_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Time synchronization timed out");
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Time synchronization failed with error: %d", status);
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::update() {
+  if (this->parent_->is_joined() && this->registered_) {
+    if (esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Updating time sync from Zigbee network...");
+      ezb_zcl_time_server_synchronize_time(this->endpoint_, 10, esphome::zigbee::ZigbeeTime::status_cb,
+                                           EZB_ZCL_TIME_SERVER_RANK_MASTER);
+      esp_zigbee_lock_release();
+      this->retry_count_ = 0;
+    } else {
+      if (this->retry_count_ == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not acquire Zigbee lock to synchronize time, will retry maximum 3 times");
+      }
+      if (this->retry_count_ < 3) {
+        this->set_timeout("zb_time_sync", 100, [this]() { this->update(); });
+        this->retry_count_++;
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not acquire Zigbee lock to synchronize time");
+        this->retry_count_ = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Not connected to Zigbee network, cannot synchronize time");
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t ZigbeeTime::get_utc_time() {
+  const time_t now = global_time->timestamp_now();
+  if (now < EPOCH_2000) {
+    return 0xFFFFFFFF;  // ZCL invalid UTCTime
+  }
+  return (uint32_t) (now - EPOCH_2000);
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::set_utc_time(uint32_t utc) {
+  // prevent overflow
+  if (utc <= (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() - EPOCH_2000)) {
+    global_time->set_epoch_time(utc + EPOCH_2000);
+  }
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::set_epoch_time(uint32_t utc) {
+  // called from zigbee task, defer to main loop
+  this->defer([this, utc]() {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting device time to UTC: %u", static_cast<unsigned>(utc));
+    this->synchronize_epoch_(utc);
+  });
+  App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+}
+
+void ZigbeeTime::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Zigbee Time\n"
+                "  Endpoint: %u",
+                this->endpoint_);
+  RealTimeClock::dump_config();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zigbee
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.h b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a47137745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/time/zigbee_time_esp32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_ZIGBEE) && defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_TIME)
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
+#include "../zigbee_esp32.h"
+
+namespace esphome::zigbee {
+
+class ZigbeeComponent;
+
+class ZigbeeTime final : public time::RealTimeClock {
+ public:
+  ZigbeeTime(ZigbeeComponent *parent, uint8_t ep) : parent_(parent), endpoint_(ep) {}
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void set_epoch_time(uint32_t utc);
+
+ protected:
+  void register_zb_time_();
+  static void set_utc_time(uint32_t utc);
+  static uint32_t get_utc_time();
+  static void status_cb(ezb_err_t status);
+
+  ZigbeeComponent *parent_;
+  uint8_t endpoint_;
+  uint8_t retry_count_{0};
+  bool registered_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zigbee
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.cpp
index 0a06792c59..1fb8d1abe4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.cpp
@@ -9,66 +9,67 @@ namespace esphome::zigbee {
 static const char *const TAG = "zigbee.attribute";
 
 void ZigbeeAttribute::set_attr_() {
-  if (!this->zb_->is_connected()) {
+  if (!this->zb_->is_started()) {
     return;
   }
-  if (esp_zb_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
-    esp_zb_zcl_status_t state = esp_zb_zcl_set_attribute_val(this->endpoint_id_, this->cluster_id_, this->role_,
-                                                             this->attr_id_, this->value_p_, false);
+  if (esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+    ezb_zcl_status_t state = ezb_zcl_set_attr_value(this->endpoint_id_, this->cluster_id_, this->role_, this->attr_id_,
+                                                    EZB_ZCL_STD_MANUF_CODE, this->value_p_, false);
+    // cleared before report_() so it can disable the loop
+    // when the report has to wait for join
+    this->set_attr_requested_ = false;
     if (this->force_report_) {
       this->report_(true);
     }
-    this->set_attr_requested_ = false;
     // Check for error
-    if (state != ESP_ZB_ZCL_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+    if (state != EZB_ZCL_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Setting attribute failed, ZCL status: %u", static_cast<unsigned>(state));
     }
-    esp_zb_lock_release();
+    esp_zigbee_lock_release();
   }
 }
 
 void ZigbeeAttribute::report_(bool has_lock) {
-  if (!this->zb_->is_connected()) {
+  if (!this->report_enabled) {
     return;
   }
-  if (has_lock or esp_zb_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
-    esp_zb_zcl_report_attr_cmd_t cmd = {};
-    cmd.address_mode = ESP_ZB_APS_ADDR_MODE_16_ENDP_PRESENT;
-    cmd.direction = ESP_ZB_ZCL_CMD_DIRECTION_TO_CLI;
-    cmd.zcl_basic_cmd.dst_addr_u.addr_short = 0x0000;
-    cmd.zcl_basic_cmd.dst_endpoint = 1;
-    cmd.zcl_basic_cmd.src_endpoint = this->endpoint_id_;
-    cmd.clusterID = this->cluster_id_;
-    cmd.attributeID = this->attr_id_;
+  if (!this->zb_->is_joined()) {
+    this->report_requested_ = true;
+    if (!this->set_attr_requested_) {
+      this->disable_loop();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (has_lock or esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+    ezb_zcl_report_attr_cmd_t cmd = {};
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.fc.direction = EZB_ZCL_CMD_DIRECTION_TO_CLI;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.fc.dis_default_rsp = 1;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.dst_addr.addr_mode = EZB_ADDR_MODE_SHORT;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.dst_addr.u.short_addr = 0x0000;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.dst_ep = 1;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.src_ep = this->endpoint_id_;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.cluster_id = this->cluster_id_;
+    cmd.cmd_ctrl.fc.manuf_specific = 0;
+    cmd.payload.attr_id = this->attr_id_;
 
-    esp_zb_zcl_report_attr_cmd_req(&cmd);
+    ezb_zcl_report_attr_cmd_req(&cmd);
+    this->report_requested_ = false;
     if (!has_lock) {
-      esp_zb_lock_release();
+      esp_zigbee_lock_release();
     }
   }
 }
 
-esp_zb_zcl_reporting_info_t ZigbeeAttribute::get_reporting_info() {
-  esp_zb_zcl_reporting_info_t reporting_info = {};
-  reporting_info.direction = ESP_ZB_ZCL_CMD_DIRECTION_TO_SRV;
-  reporting_info.ep = this->endpoint_id_;
-  reporting_info.cluster_id = this->cluster_id_;
-  reporting_info.cluster_role = this->role_;
-  reporting_info.attr_id = this->attr_id_;
-  reporting_info.manuf_code = ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_NON_MANUFACTURER_SPECIFIC;
-  reporting_info.dst.profile_id = ESP_ZB_AF_HA_PROFILE_ID;
-  reporting_info.u.send_info.min_interval = 10;     /*!< Actual minimum reporting interval */
-  reporting_info.u.send_info.max_interval = 0;      /*!< Actual maximum reporting interval */
-  reporting_info.u.send_info.def_min_interval = 10; /*!< Default minimum reporting interval */
-  reporting_info.u.send_info.def_max_interval = 0;  /*!< Default maximum reporting interval */
-  reporting_info.u.send_info.delta.s16 = 0;         /*!< Actual reportable change */
-
-  return reporting_info;
-}
-
-void ZigbeeAttribute::set_report(bool force) {
+void ZigbeeAttribute::set_report(ZigbeeReportT report) {
   this->report_enabled = true;
-  this->force_report_ = force;
+  if (report == ZigbeeReportT::ZIGBEE_REPORT_FORCE) {
+    this->force_report_ = true;
+  }
+  this->zb_->add_on_join_callback([this](bool) {
+    if (this->report_requested_) {
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
+  });
 }
 
 void ZigbeeAttribute::loop() {
@@ -76,7 +77,11 @@ void ZigbeeAttribute::loop() {
     this->set_attr_();
   }
 
-  if (!this->set_attr_requested_) {
+  if (this->report_requested_) {
+    this->report_(false);
+  }
+
+  if (!this->report_requested_ && !this->set_attr_requested_) {
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.h b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.h
index e978fcf209..fc229b4e95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_attribute_esp32.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE
 
-#include "esp_zigbee_core.h"
+#include "esp_zigbee.h"
 #include "zigbee_esp32.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 namespace esphome::zigbee {
 
 enum ZigbeeReportT {
+  ZIGBEE_REPORT_DEFAULT,
   ZIGBEE_REPORT_COORDINATOR,
   ZIGBEE_REPORT_ENABLE,
   ZIGBEE_REPORT_FORCE,
@@ -41,10 +42,9 @@ class ZigbeeAttribute final : public Component {
         scale_(scale) {}
   void loop() override;
   template<typename T> void add_attr(T value);
-  esp_zb_zcl_reporting_info_t get_reporting_info();
   template<typename T> void set_attr(const T &value);
   uint8_t attr_type() { return attr_type_; }
-  void set_report(bool force);
+  void set_report(ZigbeeReportT report);
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   template<typename T> void connect(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
 #endif
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ class ZigbeeAttribute final : public Component {
   float scale_;
   void *value_p_{nullptr};
   bool set_attr_requested_{false};
+  bool report_requested_{false};
   bool force_report_{false};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py
index 5dd76e9903..700267ef50 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_ep_esp32.py
@@ -2,16 +2,23 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DEVICE, CONF_ID, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
-from .const import CONF_REPORT, REPORT
+from .const import (
+    CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER,
+    CONF_REPORT,
+    CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE,
+    KEY_ZIGBEE,
+    REPORT,
+)
 from .const_esp32 import (
-    CLUSTER_ROLE,
     CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
     CONF_ATTRIBUTES,
     CONF_CLUSTERS,
-    CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER,
-    CONF_NUM,
     DEVICE_TYPE,
+    KEY_ZIGBEE_EP,
+    KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM,
+    KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL,
     ROLE,
 )
 
@@ -22,12 +29,12 @@ ep_configs: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
         CONF_CLUSTERS: [
             {
                 CONF_ID: "BINARY_INPUT",
-                ROLE: CLUSTER_ROLE["SERVER"],
+                ROLE: "SERVER",
                 CONF_ATTRIBUTES: [
                     {
                         CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x55,
                         CONF_TYPE: "BOOL",
-                        CONF_REPORT: REPORT["enable"],
+                        CONF_REPORT: cv.enum(REPORT, lower=True)("default"),
                         CONF_DEVICE: None,
                     },
                     {
@@ -36,27 +43,26 @@ ep_configs: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
                     },
                     {
                         CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x6F,
-                        CONF_TYPE: "8BITMAP",
+                        CONF_TYPE: "MAP8",
                     },
                     {
                         CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x1C,
-                        CONF_TYPE: "CHAR_STRING",
+                        CONF_TYPE: "STRING",
                     },
                 ],
             },
         ],
     },
     "analog_input": {
-        DEVICE_TYPE: "CUSTOM_ATTR",
         CONF_CLUSTERS: [
             {
                 CONF_ID: "ANALOG_INPUT",
-                ROLE: CLUSTER_ROLE["SERVER"],
+                ROLE: "SERVER",
                 CONF_ATTRIBUTES: [
                     {
                         CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x55,
                         CONF_TYPE: "SINGLE",
-                        CONF_REPORT: REPORT["enable"],
+                        CONF_REPORT: cv.enum(REPORT, lower=True)("default"),
                         CONF_DEVICE: None,
                     },
                     {
@@ -65,11 +71,11 @@ ep_configs: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
                     },
                     {
                         CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x6F,
-                        CONF_TYPE: "8BITMAP",
+                        CONF_TYPE: "MAP8",
                     },
                     {
                         CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x1C,
-                        CONF_TYPE: "CHAR_STRING",
+                        CONF_TYPE: "STRING",
                     },
                 ],
             },
@@ -78,22 +84,203 @@ ep_configs: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
 }
 
 
-def create_ep(ep_list: list[dict[str, Any]], router: bool) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+def _get_next_ep_num(eps: list[int]) -> int:
+    try:
+        ep_num = [i for i in range(1, CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER + 1) if i not in eps][0]
+        eps.append(ep_num)
+    except IndexError as e:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Too many devices. Zigbee can define only {CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER} endpoints."
+        ) from e
+    return ep_num
+
+
+def _compare_clusters(
+    existing_cl_list: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    cl_list: list[dict[str, Any]],
+) -> tuple[str | int, str] | None:
+    existing_clusters = [(cl[CONF_ID], cl[ROLE]) for cl in existing_cl_list]
+    for cl in [(cl[CONF_ID], cl[ROLE]) for cl in cl_list]:
+        if cl in existing_clusters:
+            return cl
+    return None
+
+
+def _merge_endpoints(
+    existing_ep: dict[str, Any],
+    ep: dict[str, Any],
+    use_type: bool | None,
+) -> bool:
+    if _compare_clusters(existing_ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []), ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, [])):
+        return False
+    if (
+        ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)
+        and existing_ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)
+        and ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE) != existing_ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)
+    ):
+        return False
+    if (
+        ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)
+        and not existing_ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)
+        and existing_ep.get(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE)
+    ):
+        return False
+    if existing_ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE) and not ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE) and use_type:
+        return False
+    if use_type:
+        existing_ep[CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE] = use_type
+    if ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE):
+        existing_ep[DEVICE_TYPE] = ep[DEVICE_TYPE]
+    existing_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS].extend(ep[CONF_CLUSTERS])
+    return True
+
+
+def _validate_endpoints(ep_dict: dict[int, dict]) -> None:
+    """Validate endpoint device type selection before endpoint creation.
+
+    This resolves any deferred device type selections stored in CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE,
+    ensuring each endpoint has at most one active device type.
+    """
+    for num, ep in ep_dict.items():
+        types_dict = ep.get(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE)
+        if not types_dict:
+            continue
+        if len(types_dict) == 1:
+            ep[DEVICE_TYPE] = list(types_dict.keys())[0]
+            del ep[CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE]
+            continue
+        types_list = [t[0] for t in types_dict.items() if t[1]]
+        if len(types_list) > 1:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"There is more than one component with endpoint: {num} and {CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE}: True"
+            )
+        if not types_list:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Multiple device types on endpoint: {num}. Set {CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE}: True on one component."
+            )
+        ep[DEVICE_TYPE] = types_list[0]
+        del ep[CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE]
+
+
+def create_ep(router: bool) -> None:
+    """Finalize Zigbee endpoint creation and normalize endpoint storage.
+
+    Validate endpoints, merge endpoints, and assign numbers to endpoints without an explicit number.
+    This is called from final_validate.
+
+    Args:
+        router: Whether the device is acting as a Zigbee router.
+    """
+    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
+    ep_dict: dict[int, dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP, {})
+    ep_list: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM, [])
+    _validate_endpoints(ep_dict)
     # create dummy endpoint if list is empty
-    if not ep_list:
+    if not ep_dict and not ep_list:
         ep_type = "CUSTOM_ATTR"
         if router:
             ep_type = "RANGE_EXTENDER"
-        ep_list = [
-            {
-                DEVICE_TYPE: ep_type,
-            }
-        ]
-    # enumerate endpoints
-    for i, ep in enumerate(ep_list, 1):
-        ep[CONF_NUM] = i
-    if len(ep_list) > CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER:
+        ep_dict[1] = {DEVICE_TYPE: ep_type}
+    if ep_list:
+        # merge endpoint with different clusters
+        ep_list_new: list[dict] = []
+        for ep in ep_list:
+            added = False
+            for existing_ep in ep_list_new:
+                if _merge_endpoints(existing_ep, ep, ep.get(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE)):
+                    added = True
+                    break
+            if not added:
+                ep_list_new.append(ep)
+
+        # Add endpoints with no number to the endpoint dict with a new number
+        eps = list(ep_dict.keys())
+        for ep in ep_list_new:
+            ep_num = _get_next_ep_num(eps)
+            ep_dict[ep_num] = ep
+
+        # clear list so that it is not processed again
+        del zb_data[KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM]
+    # Add clusters to first ep
+    cl_list: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL, [])
+    if cl_list:
+        first_ep = ep_dict[get_first_ep_num()]
+        first_ep.setdefault(CONF_CLUSTERS, [])
+        if cl := _compare_clusters(first_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS], cl_list):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Endpoint {get_first_ep_num()} has more than one cluster with cluster id {cl[0]} and role {cl[1]}."
+            )
+        first_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS] += cl_list
+        del zb_data[KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL]
+
+    # Add default device type to endpoints that have none
+    for ep in ep_dict.values():
+        if not ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE):
+            ep[DEVICE_TYPE] = "CUSTOM_ATTR"
+
+
+def get_first_ep_num() -> int | None:
+    """Return the number of the first endpoint."""
+    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
+    ep_dict: dict[int, dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP, {})
+    if ep_dict:
+        return min(ep_dict.keys())
+    return None
+
+
+def add_ep(ep: dict[str, Any], ep_num: int | None, use_type: bool | None) -> None:
+    """Add a Zigbee endpoint configuration to CORE.data.
+
+    Args:
+        ep: Endpoint configuration dictionary.
+        ep_num: Optional explicit endpoint number.
+        use_type: Optional boolean indicating whether this component's device type should be
+        used for the endpoint (True claims it, False drops it, None leaves it as a candidate).
+    """
+    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
+    if use_type is False:
+        ep.pop(DEVICE_TYPE, None)
+    if ep_num is None:
+        if use_type:
+            ep[CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE] = use_type
+        ep_list: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP_NO_NUM, [])
+        ep_list.append(ep)
+    else:
+        ep_dict: dict[int, dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP, {})
+        if ep_num in ep_dict:
+            # check if the existing endpoint has same clusters
+            existing_ep = ep_dict[ep_num]
+            if cl := _compare_clusters(
+                existing_ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []),
+                ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []),
+            ):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Endpoint {ep_num} has more than one cluster with cluster id {cl[0]} and role {cl[1]}."
+                )
+            if ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE) or use_type:
+                types_dict = existing_ep.setdefault(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE, {})
+                if not types_dict.get(ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)) or use_type:
+                    types_dict[ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE)] = use_type
+            existing_ep[CONF_CLUSTERS].extend(ep[CONF_CLUSTERS])
+        else:
+            if use_type or ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE):
+                ep[CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE] = {ep.get(DEVICE_TYPE): use_type}
+            ep_dict[ep_num] = ep
+
+
+def add_clusters_to_first_ep(cl: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
+    """Add a list of Zigbee clusters to CORE.data.
+
+    Args:
+        cl: list of cluster dictonaries.
+    """
+    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
+    cl_list: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE_FIRST_EP_CL, [])
+    if cluster := _compare_clusters(
+        cl_list,
+        cl,
+    ):
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"Too many devices. Zigbee can define only {CONF_MAX_EP_NUMBER} endpoints."
+            f"Only one cluster with cluster id {cluster[0]} and role {cluster[1]} can be added to first endpoint."
         )
-    return ep_list
+    cl_list += cl
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp
index 1809f181be..cd094306f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.cpp
@@ -36,121 +36,175 @@ uint8_t *get_zcl_string(const char *str, uint8_t max_size, bool use_max_size) {
   return zcl_str;
 }
 
-static void bdb_start_top_level_commissioning_cb(uint8_t mode_mask) {
-  if (esp_zb_bdb_start_top_level_commissioning(mode_mask) != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Start network steering failed!");
+void ZigbeeComponent::factory_reset() {
+  esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(portMAX_DELAY);
+  if (this->joined_) {
+    // send leave request and trigger EZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_LEAVE
+    ezb_bdb_reset_via_local_action();
+  } else {
+    esp_zigbee_factory_reset();  // triggers a reboot
   }
+  esp_zigbee_lock_release();
 }
 
-extern "C" void esp_zb_app_signal_handler(esp_zb_app_signal_t *signal_struct) {
+void ZigbeeComponent::esp_zigbee_alarm_bdb_commissioning(ezb_bdb_comm_mode_mask_t mode) {
+  if (!esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+    global_zigbee->set_timeout("zb_init", 10, [mode]() { ZigbeeComponent::esp_zigbee_alarm_bdb_commissioning(mode); });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ezb_bdb_start_top_level_commissioning(mode) != EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Start top level commissioning failed!");
+  }
+  esp_zigbee_lock_release();
+}
+
+bool ZigbeeComponent::app_signal_handler(const ezb_app_signal_t *app_signal) {
   static uint8_t steering_retry_count = 0;
-  uint32_t *p_sg_p = signal_struct->p_app_signal;
-  esp_err_t err_status = signal_struct->esp_err_status;
-  esp_zb_app_signal_type_t sig_type = (esp_zb_app_signal_type_t) *p_sg_p;
-  esp_zb_zdo_signal_leave_params_t *leave_params = NULL;
-  switch (sig_type) {
-    case ESP_ZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_SKIP_STARTUP:
+  ezb_app_signal_type_t signal_type = ezb_app_signal_get_type(app_signal);
+  switch (signal_type) {
+    case EZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_SKIP_STARTUP:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Zigbee stack initialized");
-      esp_zb_bdb_start_top_level_commissioning(ESP_ZB_BDB_MODE_INITIALIZATION);
+      global_zigbee->started_ = true;
+      global_zigbee->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+      ezb_bdb_start_top_level_commissioning(EZB_BDB_MODE_INITIALIZATION);
       break;
-    case ESP_ZB_BDB_SIGNAL_DEVICE_FIRST_START:
-    case ESP_ZB_BDB_SIGNAL_DEVICE_REBOOT:
-      if (err_status == ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device started up in %sfactory-reset mode", esp_zb_bdb_is_factory_new() ? "" : "non ");
-        global_zigbee->started = true;
-        if (esp_zb_bdb_is_factory_new()) {
-          global_zigbee->factory_new = true;
+    case EZB_BDB_SIGNAL_DEVICE_FIRST_START:
+    case EZB_BDB_SIGNAL_DEVICE_REBOOT: {
+      ezb_bdb_comm_status_t status = *((ezb_bdb_comm_status_t *) ezb_app_signal_get_params(app_signal));
+      if (status == EZB_BDB_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device started up in %sfactory-reset mode", ezb_bdb_is_factory_new() ? "" : "non ");
+        if (ezb_bdb_is_factory_new()) {
+          global_zigbee->factory_new_ = true;
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Start network steering");
-          esp_zb_bdb_start_top_level_commissioning(ESP_ZB_BDB_MODE_NETWORK_STEERING);
+          ezb_bdb_start_top_level_commissioning(EZB_BDB_MODE_NETWORK_STEERING);
         } else {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device rebooted");
-          global_zigbee->joined = true;
+          global_zigbee->joined_ = true;
+          global_zigbee->join_pending_ = true;
           global_zigbee->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
         }
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "FIRST_START.  Device started up in %sfactory-reset mode with an error %d (%s)",
-                 esp_zb_bdb_is_factory_new() ? "" : "non ", err_status, esp_err_to_name(err_status));
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to initialize Zigbee stack (status: %s)", esp_err_to_name(err_status));
-        esp_zb_scheduler_alarm((esp_zb_callback_t) bdb_start_top_level_commissioning_cb, ESP_ZB_BDB_MODE_INITIALIZATION,
-                               1000);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "The %s failed with status(0x%02x), please retry", ezb_app_signal_to_string(signal_type), status);
+        global_zigbee->set_timeout("zb_init", 1000, []() {
+          ZigbeeComponent::esp_zigbee_alarm_bdb_commissioning(EZB_BDB_MODE_INITIALIZATION);
+        });
       }
-      break;
-    case ESP_ZB_BDB_SIGNAL_STEERING:
-      if (err_status == ESP_OK) {
+    } break;
+    case EZB_BDB_SIGNAL_STEERING: {
+      ezb_bdb_comm_status_t status = *((ezb_bdb_comm_status_t *) ezb_app_signal_get_params(app_signal));
+      if (status == EZB_BDB_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
         steering_retry_count = 0;
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Joined network successfully (PAN ID: 0x%04hx, Channel:%d)", esp_zb_get_pan_id(),
-                 esp_zb_get_current_channel());
-        global_zigbee->joined = true;
+        ezb_extpanid_t extended_pan_id;
+        ezb_nwk_get_extended_panid(&extended_pan_id);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Joined network successfully: PAN ID(0x%04hx, EXT: 0x%llx), Channel(%d), Short Address(0x%04hx)",
+                 ezb_nwk_get_panid(), extended_pan_id.u64, ezb_nwk_get_current_channel(), ezb_nwk_get_short_address());
+        global_zigbee->joined_ = true;
+        global_zigbee->join_pending_ = true;
         global_zigbee->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Network steering was not successful (status: %s)", esp_err_to_name(err_status));
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Failed to join network with status(0x%02x)", status);
         if (steering_retry_count < 10) {
           steering_retry_count++;
-          esp_zb_scheduler_alarm((esp_zb_callback_t) bdb_start_top_level_commissioning_cb,
-                                 ESP_ZB_BDB_MODE_NETWORK_STEERING, 1000);
+          global_zigbee->set_timeout("zb_init", 1000, []() {
+            ZigbeeComponent::esp_zigbee_alarm_bdb_commissioning(EZB_BDB_MODE_NETWORK_STEERING);
+          });
         } else {
-          esp_zb_scheduler_alarm((esp_zb_callback_t) bdb_start_top_level_commissioning_cb,
-                                 ESP_ZB_BDB_MODE_NETWORK_STEERING, 600 * 1000);
+          global_zigbee->set_timeout("zb_init", 600 * 1000, []() {
+            ZigbeeComponent::esp_zigbee_alarm_bdb_commissioning(EZB_BDB_MODE_NETWORK_STEERING);
+          });
         }
       }
-      break;
-    case ESP_ZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_LEAVE:
-      leave_params = (esp_zb_zdo_signal_leave_params_t *) esp_zb_app_signal_get_params(p_sg_p);
-      if (leave_params->leave_type == ESP_ZB_NWK_LEAVE_TYPE_RESET) {
-        esp_zb_factory_reset();
+    } break;
+    case EZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_LEAVE: {
+      const ezb_zdo_signal_leave_params_t *leave_params =
+          (const ezb_zdo_signal_leave_params_t *) ezb_app_signal_get_params(app_signal);
+      if (leave_params->leave_type == EZB_ZDO_LEAVE_TYPE_RESET) {
+        esp_zigbee_factory_reset();  // triggers a reboot
       }
-      break;
+      global_zigbee->joined_ = false;
+    } break;
+    case EZB_NWK_SIGNAL_NETWORK_STATUS: {
+      const ezb_nwk_signal_network_status_params_t *network_status_params =
+          (const ezb_nwk_signal_network_status_params_t *) ezb_app_signal_get_params(app_signal);
+      if (network_status_params->status == EZB_NWK_NETWORK_STATUS_PARENT_LINK_FAILURE) {
+        global_zigbee->joined_ = false;
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Parent link failure, attempting rejoin");
+        ezb_zdo_nwk_mgmt_leave_req_t leave_req = {
+            .dst_nwk_addr = ezb_nwk_get_short_address(),
+            .field =
+                {
+                    .remove_children = false,
+                    .rejoin = true,
+                },
+        };
+        // Send leave request to the network to rejoin
+        // triggers EZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_LEAVE signal first, then EZB_BDB_SIGNAL_DEVICE_REBOOT
+        ezb_zdo_nwk_mgmt_leave_req(&leave_req);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Zigbee APP Signal NETWORK_STATUS: 0x%02x", network_status_params->status);
+      }
+    } break;
     default:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ZDO signal: %s (0x%x), status: %s", esp_zb_zdo_signal_to_string(sig_type), sig_type,
-               esp_err_to_name(err_status));
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Zigbee APP Signal: %s(type: 0x%02x)", ezb_app_signal_to_string(signal_type), signal_type);
       break;
   }
+  return true;
 }
 
-static esp_err_t zb_attribute_handler(const esp_zb_zcl_set_attr_value_message_t *message) {
-  esp_err_t ret = ESP_OK;
-  ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(message, ESP_FAIL, TAG, "Empty message");
-  ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(message->info.status == ESP_ZB_ZCL_STATUS_SUCCESS, ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG, TAG,
-                      "Received message: error status(%d)", message->info.status);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received message: endpoint(%d), cluster(0x%x), attribute(0x%x), data size(%d)",
-           message->info.dst_endpoint, message->info.cluster, message->attribute.id, message->attribute.data.size);
-  return ret;
+static void zb_attribute_handler(ezb_zcl_set_attr_value_message_t *message) {
+  ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(message, , TAG, "Empty message");
+  ESP_RETURN_ON_FALSE(message->info.status == EZB_ZCL_STATUS_SUCCESS, , TAG, "Received message: error status(%d)",
+                      message->info.status);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ZCL SetAttributeValue message for endpoint(%d) cluster(0x%04x) %s with status(0x%02x)",
+           message->info.dst_ep, message->info.cluster_id,
+           message->info.cluster_role == EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER ? "server" : "client", message->info.status);
 }
 
-static esp_err_t zb_action_handler(esp_zb_core_action_callback_id_t callback_id, const void *message) {
-  esp_err_t ret = ESP_OK;
+static void zb_action_handler(ezb_zcl_core_action_callback_id_t callback_id, void *message) {
   switch (callback_id) {
-    case ESP_ZB_CORE_SET_ATTR_VALUE_CB_ID:
-      ret = zb_attribute_handler((esp_zb_zcl_set_attr_value_message_t *) message);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CORE_SET_ATTR_VALUE_CB_ID:
+      zb_attribute_handler((ezb_zcl_set_attr_value_message_t *) message);
       break;
+    case EZB_ZCL_CORE_DEFAULT_RSP_CB_ID: {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
+      ezb_zcl_cmd_default_rsp_message_t *default_rsp = (ezb_zcl_cmd_default_rsp_message_t *) message;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received ZCL Default Response: 0x%02x", default_rsp->in.status_code);
+#endif
+    } break;
     default:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Receive Zigbee action(0x%x) callback", callback_id);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Receive Zigbee action(0x%04x) callback", static_cast<unsigned>(callback_id));
       break;
   }
-  return ret;
 }
 
-void ZigbeeComponent::create_default_cluster(uint8_t endpoint_id, zb_ha_standard_devs_e device_id) {
-  esp_zb_cluster_list_t *cluster_list = esp_zb_zcl_cluster_list_create();
-  this->endpoint_list_[endpoint_id] =
-      std::tuple<zb_ha_standard_devs_e, esp_zb_cluster_list_t *>(device_id, cluster_list);
-  // Add basic cluster
-  this->add_cluster(endpoint_id, ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC, ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER_ROLE);
-  // Add identify cluster if not already present
-  if (esp_zb_cluster_list_get_cluster(cluster_list, ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY, ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER_ROLE) ==
-      nullptr) {
-    this->add_cluster(endpoint_id, ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY, ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER_ROLE);
+void ZigbeeComponent::create_default_cluster(uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t device_id) {
+  ezb_af_ep_config_t config = {
+      .ep_id = endpoint_id,
+      .app_profile_id = EZB_AF_HA_PROFILE_ID,
+      .app_device_id = device_id,
+      .app_device_version = 0,
+  };
+  ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc = ezb_af_create_endpoint_desc(&config);
+  if (ezb_af_device_add_endpoint_desc(this->dev_desc_, ep_desc) != EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not create endpoint %u", endpoint_id);
   }
+  // Add basic cluster
+  this->update_basic_cluster_(ep_desc);
+  // Add identify cluster if not already present
+  this->add_cluster(endpoint_id, EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY, EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER);
 }
 
 void ZigbeeComponent::add_cluster(uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role) {
-  esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list;
-  if (cluster_id == 0) {
-    attr_list = create_basic_cluster_();
-  } else {
-    attr_list = esphome_zb_default_attr_list_create(cluster_id);
+  if (cluster_id == EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC) {
+    return;
   }
-  this->attribute_list_[{endpoint_id, cluster_id, role}] = attr_list;
+  ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc = ezb_af_device_get_endpoint_desc(this->dev_desc_, endpoint_id);
+  if (ep_desc == NULL) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Endpoint %u does not exist, cannot add cluster 0x%04X", endpoint_id, cluster_id);
+    return;
+  }
+  esphome_zb_add_or_update_cluster(cluster_id, ep_desc, role);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Endpoint %u: Added cluster 0x%04X with role %u", endpoint_id, cluster_id, role);
 }
 
 void ZigbeeComponent::set_basic_cluster(const char *model, const char *manufacturer, uint8_t power_source) {
@@ -166,162 +220,164 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::set_basic_cluster(const char *model, const char *manufactu
   };
 }
 
-esp_zb_attribute_list_t *ZigbeeComponent::create_basic_cluster_() {
-  esp_zb_basic_cluster_cfg_t basic_cluster_cfg = {
-      .zcl_version = ESP_ZB_ZCL_BASIC_ZCL_VERSION_DEFAULT_VALUE,
-      .power_source = this->basic_cluster_data_.power_source,
-  };
-  esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list = esp_zb_basic_cluster_create(&basic_cluster_cfg);
-  esp_zb_basic_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_BASIC_MANUFACTURER_NAME_ID,
-                                this->basic_cluster_data_.manufacturer);
-  esp_zb_basic_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_BASIC_MODEL_IDENTIFIER_ID, this->basic_cluster_data_.model);
-  esp_zb_basic_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, ESP_ZB_ZCL_ATTR_BASIC_DATE_CODE_ID, this->basic_cluster_data_.date);
-  return attr_list;
+void ZigbeeComponent::update_basic_cluster_(ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc) {
+  ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc =
+      ezb_af_endpoint_get_cluster_desc(ep_desc, EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC, EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER);
+  if (cluster_desc == NULL) {
+    ezb_zcl_basic_cluster_config_t basic_cluster_cfg = {
+        .zcl_version = EZB_ZCL_BASIC_ZCL_VERSION_DEFAULT_VALUE,
+        .power_source = this->basic_cluster_data_.power_source,
+    };
+    cluster_desc = ezb_zcl_basic_create_cluster_desc(&basic_cluster_cfg, EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_SERVER);
+  }
+  ezb_zcl_basic_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, EZB_ZCL_ATTR_BASIC_MANUFACTURER_NAME_ID,
+                                      this->basic_cluster_data_.manufacturer);
+  ezb_zcl_basic_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, EZB_ZCL_ATTR_BASIC_MODEL_IDENTIFIER_ID,
+                                      this->basic_cluster_data_.model);
+  ezb_zcl_basic_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, EZB_ZCL_ATTR_BASIC_DATE_CODE_ID, this->basic_cluster_data_.date);
+  ezb_af_endpoint_add_cluster_desc(ep_desc, cluster_desc);
 }
 
-esp_err_t ZigbeeComponent::create_endpoint(uint8_t endpoint_id, zb_ha_standard_devs_e device_id,
-                                           esp_zb_cluster_list_t *esp_zb_cluster_list) {
-  esp_zb_endpoint_config_t endpoint_config = {.endpoint = endpoint_id,
-                                              .app_profile_id = ESP_ZB_AF_HA_PROFILE_ID,
-                                              .app_device_id = static_cast<uint16_t>(device_id),
-                                              .app_device_version = 0};
-  return esp_zb_ep_list_add_ep(this->esp_zb_ep_list_, esp_zb_cluster_list, endpoint_config);
+bool ZigbeeComponent::register_device() {
+  if (ezb_af_device_desc_register(this->dev_desc_) != EZB_ERR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not register the endpoint list");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
-static void esp_zb_task(void *pv_parameters) {
-  if (esp_zb_start(false) != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not setup Zigbee");
+static void ezb_task(void *pv_parameters) {
+  if (!global_zigbee->register_device()) {
     vTaskDelete(NULL);
+    return;
   }
-  if (global_zigbee->is_battery_powered()) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Battery powered!");
-    esp_zb_set_node_descriptor_power_source(false);
-  } else {
-    esp_zb_set_node_descriptor_power_source(true);
+  if (esp_zigbee_start(false) != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not setup Zigbee");
+    global_zigbee->mark_failed();
+    vTaskDelete(NULL);
+    return;  // vTaskDelete(NULL) never returns, but keep intent explicit
   }
-  esp_zb_stack_main_loop();
+
+  // Increase priority to 5 to align with openthread or BLE
+  vTaskPrioritySet(NULL, 5);
+
+  esp_zigbee_launch_mainloop();
+
+  esp_zigbee_deinit();
+
+  vTaskDelete(NULL);
+}
+
+ZigbeeComponent::ZigbeeComponent() {
+  esp_zigbee_platform_config_t platform_config = {
+      .storage_partition_name = "nvs",
+      .radio_config = EZB_DEFAULT_RADIO_CONFIG(),
+  };
+  esp_zigbee_device_config_t device_config = {
+      .device_type = this->device_role_,
+      .install_code_policy = false,
+  };
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZB_ZCZR
+  esp_zigbee_zczr_config_s zb_zczr_cfg = {
+      .max_children = MAX_CHILDREN,
+  };
+  device_config.zczr_config = zb_zczr_cfg;
+#else
+  esp_zigbee_zed_config_s zb_zed_cfg = {
+      .ed_timeout = EZB_NWK_ED_TIMEOUT_64MIN,
+      .keep_alive = ED_KEEP_ALIVE,
+  };
+  device_config.zed_config = zb_zed_cfg;
+#endif
+  esp_zigbee_config_t config = {.device_config = device_config, .platform_config = platform_config};
+  if (esp_zigbee_init(&config) != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not initialize Zigbee");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->dev_desc_ = ezb_af_create_device_desc();
 }
 
 void ZigbeeComponent::setup() {
   global_zigbee = this;
-  esp_zb_platform_config_t config = {};
-  config.radio_config = ESP_ZB_DEFAULT_RADIO_CONFIG();
-  config.host_config = ESP_ZB_DEFAULT_HOST_CONFIG();
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
   if (esp_coex_wifi_i154_enable() != ESP_OK) {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
 #endif
-  if (esp_zb_platform_config(&config) != ESP_OK) {
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZB_ZCZR
+  ezb_bdb_set_router_rejoin_required(true);
+#endif
+
+  ezb_aps_secur_enable_distributed_security(false);
+  ezb_nwk_set_min_join_lqi(32);
+  if (ezb_app_signal_add_handler(ZigbeeComponent::app_signal_handler) != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not set application signal handler");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
 
-  esp_zb_cfg_t zb_nwk_cfg = {
-      .esp_zb_role = this->device_role_,
-      .install_code_policy = false,
-  };
-#ifdef ZB_ROUTER_ROLE
-  esp_zb_zczr_cfg_t zb_zczr_cfg = {
-      .max_children = MAX_CHILDREN,
-  };
-  zb_nwk_cfg.nwk_cfg.zczr_cfg = zb_zczr_cfg;
-#else
-  esp_zb_zed_cfg_t zb_zed_cfg = {
-      .ed_timeout = ESP_ZB_ED_AGING_TIMEOUT_64MIN,
-      .keep_alive = ED_KEEP_ALIVE,
-  };
-  zb_nwk_cfg.nwk_cfg.zed_cfg = zb_zed_cfg;
-#endif
-  esp_zb_init(&zb_nwk_cfg);
+  ezb_zcl_core_action_handler_register(zb_action_handler);
 
-  esp_err_t ret;
-  for (auto const &[key, val] : this->attribute_list_) {
-    esp_zb_cluster_list_t *esp_zb_cluster_list = std::get<1>(this->endpoint_list_[std::get<0>(key)]);
-    ret = esphome_zb_cluster_list_add_or_update_cluster(std::get<1>(key), esp_zb_cluster_list, val, std::get<2>(key));
-    if (ret != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not create cluster 0x%04X with role %u: %s", std::get<1>(key), std::get<2>(key),
-               esp_err_to_name(ret));
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Endpoint %u: Added cluster 0x%04X with role %u", std::get<0>(key), std::get<1>(key),
-               std::get<2>(key));
-#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
-      // Dump cluster attributes in verbose log
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cluster 0x%04X attributes:", std::get<1>(key));
-      esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list = val;
-      while (attr_list) {
-        esp_zb_zcl_attr_t *attr = &attr_list->attribute;
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Attr ID: 0x%04X, Type: 0x%02X, Access: 0x%02X", attr->id, attr->type, attr->access);
-        attr_list = attr_list->next;
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-  }
-  this->attribute_list_.clear();
-
-  for (auto const &[ep_id, dev_id] : this->endpoint_list_) {
-    if (create_endpoint(ep_id, std::get<0>(dev_id), std::get<1>(dev_id)) != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not create endpoint %u", ep_id);
-    }
-  }
-  this->endpoint_list_.clear();
-
-  if (esp_zb_device_register(this->esp_zb_ep_list_) != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not register the endpoint list");
-    this->mark_failed();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  esp_zb_core_action_handler_register(zb_action_handler);
-
-  if (esp_zb_set_primary_network_channel_set(ESP_ZB_TRANSCEIVER_ALL_CHANNELS_MASK) != ESP_OK) {
+  if (ezb_bdb_set_primary_channel_set(EZB_PRIMARY_CHANNEL_MASK) != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not setup Zigbee");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  for (auto &[_, attribute] : this->attributes_) {
-    if (attribute->report_enabled) {
-      esp_zb_zcl_reporting_info_t reporting_info = attribute->get_reporting_info();
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "set reporting for cluster: %u", reporting_info.cluster_id);
-      if (esp_zb_zcl_update_reporting_info(&reporting_info) != ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not configure reporting for attribute 0x%04X in cluster 0x%04X in endpoint %u",
-                 reporting_info.attr_id, reporting_info.cluster_id, reporting_info.ep);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  xTaskCreate(esp_zb_task, "Zigbee_main", 4096, NULL, 24, NULL);
+
+  uint8_t power_source = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->is_battery_powered() ? EZB_AF_NODE_POWER_SOURCE_RECHARGEABLE_BATTERY
+                                                                         : EZB_AF_NODE_POWER_SOURCE_CONSTANT_POWER);
+  ezb_af_node_power_desc_t desc = {
+      .current_power_mode = EZB_AF_NODE_POWER_MODE_SYNC_ON_WHEN_IDLE,
+      .available_power_sources = power_source,
+      .current_power_source = power_source,
+      .current_power_source_level = EZB_AF_NODE_POWER_SOURCE_LEVEL_100_PERCENT,
+  };
+  ezb_af_set_node_power_desc(&desc);
+
+  // Start the Zigbee task with priority 1 to ensure main loop can still run even if Zigbee is busy
+  xTaskCreate(ezb_task, "Zigbee_main", 4096, NULL, 1, NULL);
   this->disable_loop();  // loop is only needed for processing events, so disable until we join a network
 }
 
 void ZigbeeComponent::loop() {
-  if (this->joined.exchange(false)) {
-    this->connected_ = true;
-    this->join_cb_.call(this->factory_new);
+  if (!this->start_reported_ && this->started_) {
+    this->start_cb_.call();
+    this->start_reported_ = true;
+  }
+  if (this->join_pending_.exchange(false)) {
+    this->join_cb_.call(this->factory_new_);
+    this->factory_new_ = false;
   }
   this->disable_loop();
 }
 
 void ZigbeeComponent::dump_config() {
-  if (esp_zb_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+  if (esp_zigbee_lock_acquire(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "Zigbee\n"
-                  "  Model: %s\n"
+                  "  Model: %.*s\n"
                   "  Router: %s\n"
                   "  Device is joined to the network: %s\n"
                   "  Current channel: %d\n"
                   "  Short addr: 0x%04X\n"
                   "  Short pan id: 0x%04X",
-                  this->basic_cluster_data_.model, YESNO(this->device_role_ == ESP_ZB_DEVICE_TYPE_ROUTER),
-                  YESNO(esp_zb_bdb_dev_joined()), esp_zb_get_current_channel(), esp_zb_get_short_address(),
-                  esp_zb_get_pan_id());
-    esp_zb_lock_release();
+                  this->basic_cluster_data_.model[0],
+                  reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this->basic_cluster_data_.model + 1),
+                  YESNO(this->device_role_ == EZB_NWK_DEVICE_TYPE_ROUTER), YESNO(ezb_bdb_dev_joined()),
+                  ezb_nwk_get_current_channel(), ezb_nwk_get_short_address(), ezb_nwk_get_panid());
+    esp_zigbee_lock_release();
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "Zigbee\n"
-                  "  Model: %s\n"
+                  "  Model: %.*s\n"
                   "  Router: %s\n",
-                  this->basic_cluster_data_.model, YESNO(this->device_role_ == ESP_ZB_DEVICE_TYPE_ROUTER));
+                  this->basic_cluster_data_.model[0],
+                  reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this->basic_cluster_data_.model + 1),
+                  YESNO(this->device_role_ == EZB_NWK_DEVICE_TYPE_ROUTER));
   }
 }
 }  // namespace esphome::zigbee
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.h b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.h
index 25f53a1d6e..c19fc3ad63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.h
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <atomic>
 
-#include "esp_zigbee_core.h"
-#include "zboss_api.h"
-#include "ha/esp_zigbee_ha_standard.h"
+#include "esp_zigbee.h"
+#include "ezbee/zha.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "zigbee_helpers_esp32.h"
@@ -24,12 +23,10 @@ namespace esphome::zigbee {
 /* Zigbee configuration */
 static const uint16_t ED_KEEP_ALIVE = 3000; /* 3000 millisecond */
 static const uint8_t MAX_CHILDREN = 10;
+static const uint32_t EZB_PRIMARY_CHANNEL_MASK = 0x07FFF800U; /* channels 11-26 */
 
-#define ESP_ZB_DEFAULT_RADIO_CONFIG() \
-  { .radio_mode = ZB_RADIO_MODE_NATIVE, }
-
-#define ESP_ZB_DEFAULT_HOST_CONFIG() \
-  { .host_connection_mode = ZB_HOST_CONNECTION_MODE_NONE, }
+#define EZB_DEFAULT_RADIO_CONFIG() \
+  { .radio_mode = ESP_ZIGBEE_RADIO_MODE_NATIVE, }
 
 uint8_t *get_zcl_string(const char *str, uint8_t max_size, bool use_max_size = false);
 
@@ -37,14 +34,15 @@ class ZigbeeAttribute;
 
 class ZigbeeComponent final : public Component {
  public:
+  ZigbeeComponent();
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  esp_err_t create_endpoint(uint8_t endpoint_id, zb_ha_standard_devs_e device_id,
-                            esp_zb_cluster_list_t *esp_zb_cluster_list);
+
   void set_basic_cluster(const char *model, const char *manufacturer, uint8_t power_source);
   void add_cluster(uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role);
-  void create_default_cluster(uint8_t endpoint_id, zb_ha_standard_devs_e device_id);
+  void create_default_cluster(uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t device_id);
+  bool register_device();
 
   template<typename T>
   void add_attr(ZigbeeAttribute *attr, uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role, uint16_t attr_id,
@@ -53,20 +51,22 @@ class ZigbeeComponent final : public Component {
   template<typename T>
   void add_attr(uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role, uint16_t attr_id, uint8_t max_size, T value);
 
-  void factory_reset() {
-    esp_zb_lock_acquire(portMAX_DELAY);
-    esp_zb_factory_reset();  // triggers a reboot
-    esp_zb_lock_release();
-  }
+  static bool app_signal_handler(const ezb_app_signal_t *app_signal);
+  static void esp_zigbee_alarm_bdb_commissioning(ezb_bdb_comm_mode_mask_t mode);
+
+  void factory_reset();
 
   template<typename F> void add_on_join_callback(F &&cb) { this->join_cb_.add(std::forward<F>(cb)); }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_start_callback(F &&cb) { this->start_cb_.add(std::forward<F>(cb)); }
 
-  bool is_battery_powered() { return this->basic_cluster_data_.power_source == ESP_ZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_BATTERY; }
-  bool is_started() { return this->started; }
-  bool is_connected() { return this->connected_; }
-  std::atomic<bool> started = false;
-  std::atomic<bool> joined = false;
-  std::atomic<bool> factory_new = false;
+  bool is_battery_powered() { return this->basic_cluster_data_.power_source == EZB_ZCL_BASIC_POWER_SOURCE_BATTERY; }
+
+  // True after the Zigbee stack has been initialized and the device has started up. Is set before the stack started
+  // network commissioning or has joined a network and won't be reset until the device is rebooted.
+  bool is_started() { return this->started_; }
+
+  // True if the device has joined a network and is ready to send and receive messages.
+  bool is_joined() { return this->joined_; }
 
  protected:
   struct {
@@ -75,27 +75,27 @@ class ZigbeeComponent final : public Component {
     uint8_t *date;
     uint8_t power_source;
   } basic_cluster_data_;
-  bool connected_ = false;
-#ifdef ZB_ED_ROLE
-  esp_zb_nwk_device_type_t device_role_ = ESP_ZB_DEVICE_TYPE_ED;
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZB_ZED
+  ezb_nwk_device_type_t device_role_ = EZB_NWK_DEVICE_TYPE_END_DEVICE;
 #else
-  esp_zb_nwk_device_type_t device_role_ = ESP_ZB_DEVICE_TYPE_ROUTER;
+  ezb_nwk_device_type_t device_role_ = EZB_NWK_DEVICE_TYPE_ROUTER;
 #endif
-  esp_zb_attribute_list_t *create_basic_cluster_();
+  void update_basic_cluster_(ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc);
   template<typename T>
   void add_attr_(ZigbeeAttribute *attr, uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role, uint16_t attr_id,
                  T *value_p);
-  // endpoint_list_ and attribute_list_ are only used during setup and are cleared afterwards
-  // value tuple could be replaced by struct
-  std::map<uint8_t, std::tuple<zb_ha_standard_devs_e, esp_zb_cluster_list_t *>> endpoint_list_;
-  // key tuple could be replaced by single 32 bit int with bit fields for endpoint, cluster and role
-  std::map<std::tuple<uint8_t, uint16_t, uint8_t>, esp_zb_attribute_list_t *> attribute_list_;
   // attributes_ will be used during operation in zigbee callbacks to update the attribute values and trigger
   // automations
   // key tuple could be replaced by single 64 (48) bit int with bit fields for endpoint, cluster, role and attr_id
   std::map<std::tuple<uint8_t, uint16_t, uint8_t, uint16_t>, ZigbeeAttribute *> attributes_;
-  esp_zb_ep_list_t *esp_zb_ep_list_ = esp_zb_ep_list_create();
+  ezb_af_device_desc_t dev_desc_;
   CallbackManager<void(bool)> join_cb_{};
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> start_cb_{};
+  bool start_reported_{false};
+  std::atomic<bool> started_ = false;
+  std::atomic<bool> joined_ = false;
+  std::atomic<bool> join_pending_ = false;
+  std::atomic<bool> factory_new_ = false;
 };
 
 template<typename T>
@@ -125,8 +125,15 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::add_attr(ZigbeeAttribute *attr, uint8_t endpoint_id, uint1
 template<typename T>
 void ZigbeeComponent::add_attr_(ZigbeeAttribute *attr, uint8_t endpoint_id, uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role,
                                 uint16_t attr_id, T *value_p) {
-  esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list = this->attribute_list_[{endpoint_id, cluster_id, role}];
-  esphome_zb_cluster_add_or_update_attr(cluster_id, attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
+  ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc = ezb_af_device_get_endpoint_desc(this->dev_desc_, endpoint_id);
+  if (ep_desc == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc = ezb_af_endpoint_get_cluster_desc(ep_desc, cluster_id, role);
+  if (cluster_desc == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  esphome_zb_cluster_add_or_update_attr(cluster_id, cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
 
   if (attr != nullptr) {
     this->attributes_[{endpoint_id, cluster_id, role, attr_id}] = attr;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py
index 086cdcc267..ade45e8cc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_esp32.py
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_component,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     add_partition,
-    require_libc_picolibc_newlib_compat,
     require_vfs_select,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS,
     CONF_AP,
     CONF_DEVICE,
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
@@ -36,29 +36,29 @@ from .const import (
     ANALOG_INPUT_APPTYPE,
     BACNET_UNIT_NO_UNITS,
     BACNET_UNITS,
+    CONF_ENDPOINT,
     CONF_POWER_SOURCE,
     CONF_REPORT,
     CONF_ROUTER,
+    CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE,
     KEY_ZIGBEE,
     POWER_SOURCE,
-    REPORT,
     ZigbeeAttribute,
 )
 from .const_esp32 import (
     ATTR_TYPE,
     CLUSTER_ID,
+    CLUSTER_ROLE,
     CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
     CONF_ATTRIBUTES,
     CONF_CLUSTERS,
-    CONF_NUM,
     DEVICE_ID,
     DEVICE_TYPE,
-    KEY_BS_EP,
-    KEY_SENSOR_EP,
+    KEY_ZIGBEE_EP,
     ROLE,
     SCALE,
 )
-from .zigbee_ep_esp32 import create_ep, ep_configs
+from .zigbee_ep_esp32 import add_ep, create_ep, ep_configs
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def get_c_type(attr_type: str) -> Any | None:
         return cg.double
     if "STRING" in attr_type:
         return cg.std_string
-    test = re.match(r"(^U?)(\d{1,2})(BITMAP$|BIT$|BIT_ENUM$|$)", attr_type)
+    test = re.match(r"^(DATA|UINT|MAP|ENUM)(\d{1,2})$", attr_type)
     if test and test.group(2):
         return getattr(cg, "uint" + get_c_size(test.group(2), [8, 16, 32, 64]))
     return None
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ def get_cv_by_type(attr_type: str) -> Any | None:
         return cv.float_
     if "STRING" in attr_type:
         return cv.string
-    test = re.match(r"(^U?)(\d{1,2})(BITMAP$|BIT$|BIT_ENUM$|$)", attr_type)
+    test = re.match(r"^(DATA|UINT|MAP|ENUM)(\d{1,2})$", attr_type)
     if test and test.group(2):
         return cv.positive_int
     raise cv.Invalid(f"Zigbee: type {attr_type} not supported or implemented")
 
 
 def get_default_by_type(attr_type: str) -> str | bool | int | float:
-    if attr_type == "CHAR_STRING":
+    if attr_type == "STRING":
         return ""
     if attr_type == "BOOL":
         return False
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ def final_validate_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         ) as f:
             partitions_tab = f.read()
             for partition, types in [
-                ("zb_storage", {"type": "data", "subtype": "fat", "size": 0x4000}),
                 ("zb_fct", {"type": "data", "subtype": "fat", "size": 0x1000}),
             ]:
                 if partition not in partitions_tab:
@@ -149,6 +148,7 @@ def final_validate_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
                     raise cv.Invalid(
                         f"Partition '{partition}' in your custom partition table has wrong format. It should be: '{partition}, {types['type']}, {types['subtype']},   , {types['size']},'"
                     )
+    create_ep(config.get(CONF_ROUTER))
     return config
 
 
@@ -186,34 +186,40 @@ def validate_sensor_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     unit = config.get(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT)
     apptype = ANALOG_INPUT_APPTYPE.get((dev_class, unit))
     bacunit = BACNET_UNITS.get(unit, BACNET_UNIT_NO_UNITS)
+    accuracy = config.get(CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS)
     if apptype is not None:
         ep[CONF_CLUSTERS][0][CONF_ATTRIBUTES].append(
             {
                 CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x100,
                 CONF_VALUE: (apptype << 16) | 0xFFFF,
-                CONF_TYPE: "U32",
+                CONF_TYPE: "UINT32",
             },
         )
     ep[CONF_CLUSTERS][0][CONF_ATTRIBUTES].append(
         {
             CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x75,
             CONF_VALUE: bacunit,
-            CONF_TYPE: "16BIT_ENUM",
+            CONF_TYPE: "ENUM16",
         },
     )
+    if accuracy is not None:
+        # Analog Input Resolution (0x006A): smallest reportable change
+        ep[CONF_CLUSTERS][0][CONF_ATTRIBUTES].append(
+            {
+                CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID: 0x6A,
+                CONF_VALUE: 10**-accuracy,
+                CONF_TYPE: "SINGLE",
+            },
+        )
     setup_attributes(config, ep[CONF_CLUSTERS])
-    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
-    sensor_ep: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_SENSOR_EP, [])
-    sensor_ep.append(ep)
+    add_ep(ep, config.get(CONF_ENDPOINT), config.get(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE))
     return config
 
 
 def validate_binary_sensor_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     ep = copy.deepcopy(ep_configs["binary_input"])
     setup_attributes(config, ep[CONF_CLUSTERS])
-    zb_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
-    binary_sensor_ep: list[dict] = zb_data.setdefault(KEY_BS_EP, [])
-    binary_sensor_ep.append(ep)
+    add_ep(ep, config.get(CONF_ENDPOINT), config.get(CONF_USE_DEVICE_TYPE))
     return config
 
 
@@ -233,15 +239,8 @@ async def _zigbee_add_sdkconfigs(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ZB_ZCZR", True)
     else:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ZB_ZED", True)
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ZB_RADIO_NATIVE", True)
     if CONF_WIFI in CORE.config:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_EVENT_TASK_STACK_SIZE", 4096)
-    # The pre-built Zigbee library uses esp_log_default_level which requires
-    # dynamic log level control to be enabled
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LOG_DYNAMIC_LEVEL_CONTROL", True)
-    # The pre-built Zigbee library is compiled against newlib which requires newlib
-    # reentrancy to be enabled with picolibc compatibility (IDF 6.0+ only).
-    require_libc_picolibc_newlib_compat()
 
 
 async def attributes_to_code(
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ async def attributes_to_code(
                 var.add_attr(
                     ep_num,
                     CLUSTER_ID.get(cl[CONF_ID], cl[CONF_ID]),
-                    cl[ROLE],
+                    CLUSTER_ROLE[cl[ROLE]],
                     attr[CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID],
                     attr.get(CONF_MAX_LENGTH, 0),
                     attr[CONF_VALUE],
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ async def attributes_to_code(
             var,
             ep_num,
             CLUSTER_ID.get(cl[CONF_ID], cl[CONF_ID]),
-            cl[ROLE],
+            CLUSTER_ROLE[cl[ROLE]],
             attr[CONF_ATTRIBUTE_ID],
             ATTR_TYPE[attr[CONF_TYPE]],
             attr.get(SCALE, 1),
@@ -274,11 +273,8 @@ async def attributes_to_code(
         await cg.register_component(attr_var, attr)
 
         cg.add(attr_var.add_attr(attr[CONF_VALUE]))
-        if CONF_REPORT in attr and attr[CONF_REPORT] in [
-            REPORT["enable"],
-            REPORT["force"],
-        ]:
-            cg.add(attr_var.set_report(attr[CONF_REPORT] == REPORT["force"]))
+        if CONF_REPORT in attr:
+            cg.add(attr_var.set_report(attr[CONF_REPORT]))
 
         if CONF_DEVICE in attr:
             device = await cg.get_variable(attr[CONF_DEVICE])
@@ -287,27 +283,20 @@ async def attributes_to_code(
 
 
 async def esp32_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> "MockObj":
-    add_idf_component(
-        name="espressif/esp-zboss-lib",
-        ref="1.6.4",
-    )
     add_idf_component(
         name="espressif/esp-zigbee-lib",
-        ref="1.6.8",
+        ref="2.0.4",
     )
 
     # add sdkconfigs later so they can overwrite esp32 defaults
     CORE.add_job(_zigbee_add_sdkconfigs, config)
 
     # add partitions for zigbee
-    add_partition("zb_storage", "data", "fat", 0x4000)  # 16KB
     add_partition("zb_fct", "data", "fat", 0x1000)  # 4KB, minimum size
 
     # create endpoints
     zb_data = CORE.data.get(KEY_ZIGBEE, {})
-    sensor_ep: list[dict] = zb_data.get(KEY_SENSOR_EP, [])
-    binary_sensor_ep: list[dict] = zb_data.get(KEY_BS_EP, [])
-    ep_list = create_ep(sensor_ep + binary_sensor_ep, config.get(CONF_ROUTER))
+    ep_dict: dict[int, dict] = zb_data.get(KEY_ZIGBEE_EP, {})
 
     # setup zigbee components
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -316,18 +305,18 @@ async def esp32_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> "MockObj":
         var.set_basic_cluster(
             config[CONF_MODEL],
             "esphome",
-            cg.RawExpression(POWER_SOURCE[config[CONF_POWER_SOURCE]]),
+            POWER_SOURCE[config[CONF_POWER_SOURCE]],
         )
     )
-    for ep in ep_list:
-        cg.add(var.create_default_cluster(ep[CONF_NUM], DEVICE_ID[ep[DEVICE_TYPE]]))
+    for ep_num, ep in ep_dict.items():
+        cg.add(var.create_default_cluster(ep_num, DEVICE_ID[ep[DEVICE_TYPE]]))
         for cl in ep.get(CONF_CLUSTERS, []):
             cg.add(
                 var.add_cluster(
-                    ep[CONF_NUM],
+                    ep_num,
                     CLUSTER_ID.get(cl[CONF_ID], cl[CONF_ID]),
-                    cl[ROLE],
+                    CLUSTER_ROLE[cl[ROLE]],
                 )
             )
-            await attributes_to_code(var, ep[CONF_NUM], cl)
+            await attributes_to_code(var, ep_num, cl)
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c
index 5254818df4..0793669955 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.c
@@ -2,78 +2,63 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE
 
-#include "ha/esp_zigbee_ha_standard.h"
 #include "zigbee_helpers_esp32.h"
+#include "ezbee/zha.h"
 
-esp_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_or_update_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list,
+ezb_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_or_update_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc,
                                                 uint16_t attr_id, void *value_p) {
-  esp_err_t ret;
-  ret = esp_zb_cluster_update_attr(attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
-  if (ret != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE("zigbee_helper", "Ignore previous attribute not found error");
-    ret = esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(cluster_id, attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
+  ezb_zcl_attr_desc_t attr_desc = ezb_zcl_cluster_get_attr_desc(cluster_desc, attr_id, EZB_ZCL_STD_MANUF_CODE);
+  if (attr_desc != NULL) {
+    return ezb_zcl_attr_desc_set_value(attr_desc, value_p);
   }
-  if (ret != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE("zigbee_helper", "Could not add attribute 0x%04X to cluster 0x%04X: %s", attr_id, cluster_id,
-             esp_err_to_name(ret));
-  }
-  return ret;
+  return esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(cluster_id, cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
 }
 
-esp_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_list_add_or_update_cluster(uint16_t cluster_id, esp_zb_cluster_list_t *cluster_list,
-                                                        esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list, uint8_t role_mask) {
-  esp_err_t ret;
-  ret = esp_zb_cluster_list_update_cluster(cluster_list, attr_list, cluster_id, role_mask);
-  if (ret != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE("zigbee_helper", "Ignore previous cluster not found error");
-    switch (cluster_id) {
-      case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC:
-        ret = esp_zb_cluster_list_add_basic_cluster(cluster_list, attr_list, role_mask);
-        break;
-      case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
-        ret = esp_zb_cluster_list_add_identify_cluster(cluster_list, attr_list, role_mask);
-        break;
-      case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
-        ret = esp_zb_cluster_list_add_analog_input_cluster(cluster_list, attr_list, role_mask);
-        break;
-      case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
-        ret = esp_zb_cluster_list_add_binary_input_cluster(cluster_list, attr_list, role_mask);
-        break;
-      default:
-        ret = esp_zb_cluster_list_add_custom_cluster(cluster_list, attr_list, role_mask);
+ezb_err_t esphome_zb_add_or_update_cluster(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc, uint8_t role_mask) {
+  if (ezb_af_endpoint_get_cluster_desc(ep_desc, cluster_id, role_mask) != NULL) {
+    // Cluster already exists, nothing to do
+    return EZB_ERR_NONE;
+  }
+  ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc;
+  cluster_desc = esphome_zb_default_cluster_dscr_create(cluster_id, role_mask);
+  return ezb_af_endpoint_add_cluster_desc(ep_desc, cluster_desc);
+}
+
+ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t esphome_zb_default_cluster_dscr_create(uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role_mask) {
+  switch (cluster_id) {
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC:
+      return ezb_zcl_basic_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
+      return ezb_zcl_identify_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_TIME:
+      return ezb_zcl_time_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
+      return ezb_zcl_analog_input_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
+      return ezb_zcl_binary_input_create_cluster_desc(NULL, role_mask);
+    default: {
+      ezb_zcl_custom_cluster_config_t config = {0};
+      config.cluster_id = cluster_id;
+      return ezb_zcl_custom_create_cluster_desc(&config, role_mask);
     }
   }
-  return ret;
 }
 
-esp_zb_attribute_list_t *esphome_zb_default_attr_list_create(uint16_t cluster_id) {
-  switch (cluster_id) {
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC:
-      return esp_zb_basic_cluster_create(NULL);
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
-      return esp_zb_identify_cluster_create(NULL);
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
-      return esp_zb_analog_input_cluster_create(NULL);
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
-      return esp_zb_binary_input_cluster_create(NULL);
-    default:
-      return esp_zb_zcl_attr_list_create(cluster_id);
-  }
-}
-
-esp_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list, uint16_t attr_id,
+ezb_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc, uint16_t attr_id,
                                       void *value_p) {
   switch (cluster_id) {
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC:
-      return esp_zb_basic_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
-      return esp_zb_identify_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
-      return esp_zb_analog_input_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
-    case ESP_ZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
-      return esp_zb_binary_input_cluster_add_attr(attr_list, attr_id, value_p);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BASIC:
+      return ezb_zcl_basic_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_IDENTIFY:
+      return ezb_zcl_identify_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_TIME:
+      return ezb_zcl_time_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_ANALOG_INPUT:
+      return ezb_zcl_analog_input_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
+    case EZB_ZCL_CLUSTER_ID_BINARY_INPUT:
+      return ezb_zcl_binary_input_cluster_desc_add_attr(cluster_desc, attr_id, value_p);
     default:
-      return ESP_FAIL;
+      return EZB_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.h b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.h
index 0650c1689f..6898068b44 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_helpers_esp32.h
@@ -8,15 +8,14 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#include "esp_zigbee_core.h"
+#include "esp_zigbee.h"
 
-esp_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_list_add_or_update_cluster(uint16_t cluster_id, esp_zb_cluster_list_t *cluster_list,
-                                                        esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list, uint8_t role_mask);
-esp_zb_attribute_list_t *esphome_zb_default_attr_list_create(uint16_t cluster_id);
-esp_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list, uint16_t attr_id,
-                                      void *value_p);
-esp_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_or_update_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, esp_zb_attribute_list_t *attr_list,
+ezb_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_or_update_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc,
                                                 uint16_t attr_id, void *value_p);
+ezb_err_t esphome_zb_add_or_update_cluster(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_af_ep_desc_t ep_desc, uint8_t role_mask);
+ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t esphome_zb_default_cluster_dscr_create(uint16_t cluster_id, uint8_t role_mask);
+ezb_err_t esphome_zb_cluster_add_attr(uint16_t cluster_id, ezb_zcl_cluster_desc_t cluster_desc, uint16_t attr_id,
+                                      void *value_p);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.cpp
index 81aad7dcb1..b8bb0a2036 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::zboss_signal_handler_esphome(zb_bufid_t bufid) {
   switch (sig) {
     case ZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_SKIP_STARTUP:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_SKIP_STARTUP, status: %d", status);
+      if (status == RET_OK) {
+        on_start_();
+      }
       break;
     case ZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_PRODUCTION_CONFIG_READY:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ZB_ZDO_SIGNAL_PRODUCTION_CONFIG_READY, status: %d", status);
@@ -137,6 +140,13 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::on_join_(bool factory_new) {
   });
 }
 
+void ZigbeeComponent::on_start_() {
+  this->defer([this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Started zigbee stack");
+    this->start_cb_.call();
+  });
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE_WIPE_ON_BOOT
 void ZigbeeComponent::erase_flash_(int area) {
   const struct flash_area *fap;
@@ -229,6 +239,7 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Wipe on boot: %s\n"
                 "  Device is joined to the network: %s\n"
                 "  Sleep time: %us\n"
+                "  Radio sleep time: %us\n"
                 "  RX ON when idle: %s\n"
                 "  Current channel: %d\n"
                 "  Current page: %d\n"
@@ -238,9 +249,10 @@ void ZigbeeComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Short addr: 0x%04X\n"
                 "  Long pan id: 0x%s\n"
                 "  Short pan id: 0x%04X",
-                get_wipe_on_boot(), YESNO(zb_zdo_joined()), this->sleep_time_, YESNO(zb_get_rx_on_when_idle()),
-                zb_get_current_channel(), zb_get_current_page(), zb_get_sleep_threshold(), role(), ieee_addr_buf,
-                zb_get_short_address(), extended_pan_id_buf, zb_get_pan_id());
+                get_wipe_on_boot(), YESNO(zb_zdo_joined()), this->sleep_time_, this->radio_sleep_time_,
+                YESNO(zb_get_rx_on_when_idle()), zb_get_current_channel(), zb_get_current_page(),
+                zb_get_sleep_threshold(), role(), ieee_addr_buf, zb_get_short_address(), extended_pan_id_buf,
+                zb_get_pan_id());
   dump_reporting_();
 }
 
@@ -251,6 +263,13 @@ static void send_attribute_report(zb_bufid_t bufid, zb_uint16_t cmd_id) {
 
 void ZigbeeComponent::force_report() { this->force_report_ = true; }
 
+void ZigbeeComponent::add_radio_sleep_time_ms(uint32_t ms) {
+  this->radio_sleep_remainder_ += ms;
+  uint32_t seconds = this->radio_sleep_remainder_ / 1000;
+  this->radio_sleep_remainder_ -= seconds * 1000;
+  this->radio_sleep_time_ += seconds;
+}
+
 void ZigbeeComponent::loop() {
   if (this->force_report_) {
     this->force_report_ = false;
@@ -327,6 +346,36 @@ zb_ret_t __wrap_zb_zcl_put_reporting_info_from_req(zb_zcl_configure_reporting_re
   esphome::zigbee::global_zigbee->after_reporting_info(config_rep_req, attr_addr_info);
   return ret;
 }
+
+extern void __real_zb_trans_enter_sleep(void);
+extern void __real_zb_trans_enter_receive(void);
+extern zb_bool_t __real_zb_trans_transmit(zb_uint8_t wait_type, zb_time_t tx_at, zb_uint8_t *tx_buf,
+                                          zb_uint8_t current_channel);
+
+static uint32_t radio_sleep_start_ms = 0;
+
+static void stop_radio_sleep_timer() {
+  if (radio_sleep_start_ms) {
+    esphome::zigbee::global_zigbee->add_radio_sleep_time_ms(esphome::millis() - radio_sleep_start_ms);
+  }
+  radio_sleep_start_ms = 0;
+}
+
+void __wrap_zb_trans_enter_sleep(void) {
+  __real_zb_trans_enter_sleep();
+  radio_sleep_start_ms = esphome::millis();
+}
+
+void __wrap_zb_trans_enter_receive(void) {
+  stop_radio_sleep_timer();
+  __real_zb_trans_enter_receive();
+}
+
+zb_bool_t __wrap_zb_trans_transmit(zb_uint8_t wait_type, zb_time_t tx_at, zb_uint8_t *tx_buf,
+                                   zb_uint8_t current_channel) {
+  stop_radio_sleep_timer();
+  return __real_zb_trans_transmit(wait_type, tx_at, tx_buf, current_channel);
+}
 // NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming,bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp)
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.h b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.h
index 3b4a465361..cd6deb0e95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.h
@@ -75,25 +75,31 @@ class ZigbeeComponent final : public Component {
     this->callbacks_[endpoint - 1] = std::move(cb);
   }
   template<typename F> void add_on_join_callback(F &&cb) { this->join_cb_.add(std::forward<F>(cb)); }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_start_callback(F &&cb) { this->start_cb_.add(std::forward<F>(cb)); }
   void zboss_signal_handler_esphome(zb_bufid_t bufid);
   void after_reporting_info(zb_zcl_configure_reporting_req_t *config_rep_req, zb_zcl_attr_addr_info_t *attr_addr_info);
   void factory_reset();
   void force_report();
   void loop() override;
   void set_sleepy(bool sleepy) { this->sleepy_ = sleepy; }
+  void add_radio_sleep_time_ms(uint32_t ms);
 
  protected:
   static void zcl_device_cb(zb_bufid_t bufid);
   void on_join_(bool factory_new);
+  void on_start_();
 #ifdef USE_ZIGBEE_WIPE_ON_BOOT
   void erase_flash_(int area);
 #endif
   void dump_reporting_();
   std::array<std::function<void(zb_bufid_t bufid)>, ZIGBEE_ENDPOINTS_COUNT> callbacks_{};
   CallbackManager<void(bool)> join_cb_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> start_cb_;
   bool force_report_{false};
   uint32_t sleep_time_{};
   uint32_t sleep_remainder_{};
+  uint32_t radio_sleep_time_{};
+  uint32_t radio_sleep_remainder_{};
   bool sleepy_{};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py
index 39ecadfddf..f47cf6bd40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py
@@ -117,6 +117,14 @@ async def zephyr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> "MockObj":
 
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,--wrap=zb_zcl_put_reporting_info_from_req")
 
+    # Wrap the transceiver sleep/receive/transmit calls to measure how long the
+    # radio is powered down. The span between a zb_trans_enter_sleep() and the
+    # following zb_trans_enter_receive() or zb_trans_transmit() is time the
+    # radio spent asleep.
+    cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,--wrap=zb_trans_enter_sleep")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,--wrap=zb_trans_enter_receive")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,--wrap=zb_trans_transmit")
+
     if CONF_IEEE802154_VENDOR_OUI in config:
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("IEEE802154_VENDOR_OUI_ENABLE", True)
         random_number = config[CONF_IEEE802154_VENDOR_OUI]
@@ -168,7 +176,7 @@ async def _attr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         ),
         zigbee_assign(
             basic_attrs.power_source,
-            cg.RawExpression(POWER_SOURCE[config[CONF_POWER_SOURCE]]),
+            POWER_SOURCE[config[CONF_POWER_SOURCE]],
         ),
         zigbee_set_string(basic_attrs.location_id, ""),
         zigbee_assign(
diff --git a/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py b/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py
index 533bc5cc57..c4134cc40e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE, STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
index d88f9f7041..660e3f49a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE, CONF_WIFI
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "uart"]
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ zwave_proxy_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zwave_proxy")
 ZWaveProxy = zwave_proxy_ns.class_("ZWaveProxy", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if (wifi_conf := full_config.get(CONF_WIFI)) and (
         wifi_conf.get(CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE).lower() != "none"
@@ -20,8 +21,6 @@ def final_validate(config):
             f"{CONF_WIFI} {CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE} must be set to 'none' when using Z-Wave proxy"
         )
 
-    return config
-
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
index 8a24bd57d6..68750295e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
@@ -18,13 +18,22 @@ static const char *const TAG = "zwave_proxy";
 static constexpr size_t ZWAVE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 
 static constexpr uint8_t ZWAVE_COMMAND_GET_NETWORK_IDS = 0x20;
-// GET_NETWORK_IDS response: [SOF][LENGTH][TYPE][CMD][HOME_ID(4)][NODE_ID][...]
+// GET_NETWORK_IDS response: [SOF][LENGTH][TYPE][CMD][HOME_ID(4)][NODE_ID(1 or 2)][...]
+// We only read the home ID, so the node ID (1 byte in 8-bit mode, 2 bytes in 16-bit mode) and
+// anything after it are not required to be present
 static constexpr uint8_t ZWAVE_COMMAND_TYPE_RESPONSE = 0x01;    // Response type field value
-static constexpr uint8_t ZWAVE_MIN_GET_NETWORK_IDS_LENGTH = 9;  // TYPE + CMD + HOME_ID(4) + NODE_ID + checksum
+static constexpr uint8_t ZWAVE_MIN_GET_NETWORK_IDS_LENGTH = 7;  // TYPE + CMD + HOME_ID(4) + checksum
+static constexpr uint8_t ZWAVE_MIN_FRAME_LENGTH = 3;            // TYPE + CMD + checksum (zero-payload frame)
+static constexpr uint32_t ZWAVE_FRAME_TIMEOUT_MS = 1500;        // Abandon a frame this long after its start (SOF) byte
 static constexpr uint32_t HOME_ID_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;             // Timeout for waiting for home ID during setup
 static constexpr uint32_t RECONNECT_DELAY_MS = 500;             // Delay between home ID query attempts after reconnect
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_QUERY_RETRIES = 5;                 // Max attempts to query home ID after reconnect
 
+static constexpr bool is_bootloader_menu_byte(uint8_t byte) {
+  // Bootloader menu output is printable ASCII plus CR/LF, ending with a NUL terminator
+  return byte == 0 || byte == '\r' || byte == '\n' || (byte >= 0x20 && byte <= 0x7E);
+}
+
 static uint8_t calculate_frame_checksum(const uint8_t *data, uint8_t length) {
   // Calculate Z-Wave frame checksum
   // XOR all bytes between SOF and checksum position (exclusive)
@@ -74,6 +83,11 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::can_proceed() {
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->setup_time_ > HOME_ID_TIMEOUT_MS) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timeout reading Home ID during setup");
+    // The modem may simply still be booting; keep querying from loop() using the same retry
+    // machinery as a reconnect. This adds no setup delay — clients are notified of the home ID
+    // via the HOME_ID_CHANGE message whenever it finally arrives.
+    this->reconnect_time_ = now;
+    this->query_retries_ = 0;
     return true;  // Proceed anyway after timeout
   }
 
@@ -98,7 +112,18 @@ void ZWaveProxy::loop() {
   }
 
   this->process_uart_();
-  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  // Abandon a stalled frame reception. The Z-Wave API specification requires a receiver to abort
+  // a data frame reception lasting more than 1500 ms after the SOF byte, without sending a NAK.
+  // Without this, the stale bytes would silently corrupt the next frame. Any SEND_* state was
+  // already resolved by response_handler_() above, so a state other than WAIT_START here always
+  // means we are mid-frame.
+  if (this->parsing_state_ != ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START &&
+      App.get_loop_component_start_time() - this->frame_start_time_ > ZWAVE_FRAME_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timeout waiting for frame data; resetting parser");
+    this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START;
+    this->buffer_index_ = 0;
+  }
 }
 
 void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_slow_() {
@@ -112,19 +137,24 @@ void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_slow_() {
     }
     if (this->parse_byte_(byte)) {
       // Check if this is a GET_NETWORK_IDS response frame
-      // Frame format: [SOF][LENGTH][TYPE][CMD][HOME_ID(4)][NODE_ID][...]
+      // Frame format: [SOF][LENGTH][TYPE][CMD][HOME_ID(4)][NODE_ID(1 or 2)][...]
+      // Bootloader output is excluded up front: a completed bootloader "frame" is menu text, so
+      // buffer_[1..3] would be meaningless (and possibly never written). Outside bootloader mode,
+      // the parser guarantees a completed frame starts with SOF, so buffer_[0] needs no check.
       // We verify:
-      // - buffer_[0]: Start of frame marker (0x01)
-      // - buffer_[1]: Length field must be >= 9 to contain all required data
+      // - buffer_[1]: Length field must be >= 7 so the frame contains the full home ID
       // - buffer_[2]: Command type (0x01 for response)
       // - buffer_[3]: Command ID (0x20 for GET_NETWORK_IDS)
-      if (this->buffer_[3] == ZWAVE_COMMAND_GET_NETWORK_IDS && this->buffer_[2] == ZWAVE_COMMAND_TYPE_RESPONSE &&
-          this->buffer_[1] >= ZWAVE_MIN_GET_NETWORK_IDS_LENGTH && this->buffer_[0] == ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_START) {
+      if (!this->in_bootloader_ && this->buffer_[1] >= ZWAVE_MIN_GET_NETWORK_IDS_LENGTH &&
+          this->buffer_[2] == ZWAVE_COMMAND_TYPE_RESPONSE && this->buffer_[3] == ZWAVE_COMMAND_GET_NETWORK_IDS) {
         // Store the 4-byte Home ID, which starts at offset 4, and notify connected clients if it changed
         // The frame parser has already validated the checksum and ensured all bytes are present
         if (this->set_home_id_(&this->buffer_[4])) {
+          char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(ZWAVE_HOME_ID_SIZE)];
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Home ID: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->home_id_.data(), this->home_id_.size()));
           this->send_homeid_changed_msg_();
         }
+        this->home_id_ready_ = true;
       }
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending to client: %s", YESNO(this->api_connection_ != nullptr));
       if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
@@ -136,18 +166,25 @@ void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_slow_() {
           // If this is a data frame, use frame length indicator + 2 (for SoF + checksum), else assume 1 for ACK/NAK/CAN
           this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data_len = this->buffer_[0] == ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_START ? this->buffer_[1] + 2 : 1;
         }
-        this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
+        if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_)) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame dropped, TCP buffer full");
+        }
       }
     }
   } while (this->available());
+  // Reaching here means every read succeeded, so clear any earlier read-failure warning.
+  // (An early return on read failure skips this, leaving the warning visible until the
+  // next successful drain.)
+  this->status_clear_warning();
 }
 
 void ZWaveProxy::dump_config() {
   char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(ZWAVE_HOME_ID_SIZE)];
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "Z-Wave Proxy:\n"
-                "  Home ID: %s",
-                format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->home_id_.data(), this->home_id_.size()));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "Z-Wave Proxy:\n"
+      "  Home ID: %s",
+      this->home_id_ready_ ? format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->home_id_.data(), this->home_id_.size()) : "unknown");
 }
 
 void ZWaveProxy::api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn) {
@@ -157,28 +194,40 @@ void ZWaveProxy::api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn) {
   }
 }
 
-void ZWaveProxy::zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {
+api::enums::ZWaveProxyStatus ZWaveProxy::zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection,
+                                                             api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {
   switch (type) {
     case api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
+      if (this->api_connection_ == api_connection) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is already subscribed");
+        return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+      }
       if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
-        return;
+        // A living subscriber keeps exclusive access. Its connection may be dead without
+        // loop() having noticed yet (e.g. the client crashed and reconnected quickly);
+        // in that case let the new client take over instead of locking it out.
+        if (this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup()) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
+          return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous subscriber disconnected; taking over subscription");
       }
       this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is now subscribed");
-      break;
+      return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
 
     case api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      // Unsubscribe is idempotent: not being subscribed is not an error
       if (this->api_connection_ != api_connection) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is not subscribed");
-        return;
+        return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
       }
       this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
-      break;
+      return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
 
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
-      break;
+      return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 }
 
@@ -222,6 +271,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::retry_home_id_query_() {
 void ZWaveProxy::clear_home_id_() {
   static constexpr uint8_t ZERO_HOME_ID[ZWAVE_HOME_ID_SIZE] = {};
   if (this->set_home_id_(ZERO_HOME_ID)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Home ID cleared");
     this->send_homeid_changed_msg_();
   }
   this->home_id_ready_ = false;
@@ -237,13 +287,20 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::set_home_id_(const uint8_t *new_home_id) {
     return false;  // No change
   }
   std::memcpy(this->home_id_.data(), new_home_id, this->home_id_.size());
-  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(ZWAVE_HOME_ID_SIZE)];
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Home ID: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->home_id_.data(), this->home_id_.size()));
-  this->home_id_ready_ = true;
   return true;  // Home ID was changed
 }
 
-void ZWaveProxy::send_frame(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+void ZWaveProxy::send_frame(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  // Only the subscribed client may talk to the Z-Wave module; a frame from any other
+  // (authenticated but unsubscribed) client would interleave with the subscriber's traffic
+  if (api_connection != this->api_connection_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring frame from unsubscribed client");
+    return;
+  }
+  this->send_frame_(data, length);
+}
+
+void ZWaveProxy::send_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
   // Safety: validate pointer before any access
   if (data == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Null data pointer");
@@ -275,7 +332,9 @@ void ZWaveProxy::send_homeid_changed_msg_(api::APIConnection *conn) {
   msg.data_len = this->home_id_.size();
   if (conn != nullptr) {
     // Send to specific connection
-    conn->send_message(msg);
+    if (!conn->send_message(msg)) {
+      API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Home ID notification");
+    }
   } else if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
     // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message is
     //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
@@ -289,7 +348,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::send_simple_command_(const uint8_t command_id) {
   // Where LENGTH=0x03 (3 bytes: TYPE + CMD + CHECKSUM)
   uint8_t cmd[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, command_id, 0x00};
   cmd[4] = calculate_frame_checksum(cmd, sizeof(cmd));
-  this->send_frame(cmd, sizeof(cmd));
+  this->send_frame_(cmd, sizeof(cmd));
 }
 
 bool ZWaveProxy::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
@@ -300,9 +359,12 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
       this->parse_start_(byte);
       break;
     case ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_LENGTH:
-      if (!byte) {
+      if (byte < ZWAVE_MIN_FRAME_LENGTH) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid LENGTH: %u", byte);
         this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_NAK;
+        // Send the NAK now; otherwise any bytes already buffered behind this one would be
+        // silently discarded by the SEND_NAK case below until the next loop() iteration
+        this->response_handler_();
         return false;
       }
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received LENGTH: %u", byte);
@@ -319,7 +381,9 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
     case ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_COMMAND_ID:
       this->buffer_[this->buffer_index_++] = byte;
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received COMMAND ID: 0x%02X", byte);
-      this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_PAYLOAD;
+      // A zero-payload frame (LENGTH == 3) has its checksum immediately after the command ID
+      this->parsing_state_ = this->buffer_index_ >= this->end_frame_after_ ? ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_CHECKSUM
+                                                                           : ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_PAYLOAD;
       break;
     case ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_PAYLOAD:
       this->buffer_[this->buffer_index_++] = byte;
@@ -347,12 +411,24 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
       break;
     }
     case ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_READ_BL_MENU:
-      if (this->buffer_index_ >= this->buffer_.size()) {
+      // This state is tentative (see parse_start_): bootloader mode is committed only when a
+      // plausible menu — printable text ending in a NUL terminator — completes. A byte that
+      // cannot be menu text means the 0x0D that started this state was not a menu after all,
+      // so re-parse that byte as a frame start; it may be the SOF/ACK/NAK of real traffic.
+      if (this->buffer_index_ >= this->buffer_.size() || !is_bootloader_menu_byte(byte)) {
         this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START;
+        this->parse_start_(byte);
         break;
       }
       this->buffer_[this->buffer_index_++] = byte;
       if (!byte) {
+        if (!this->in_bootloader_) {
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Entered bootloader mode");
+          this->in_bootloader_ = true;
+          // Reset response deduplication: in bootloader mode, single-byte client writes (XMODEM
+          // ACK/NAK/CAN) are raw data and must never be suppressed as duplicate responses
+          this->last_response_ = 0;
+        }
         this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START;
         frame_completed = true;
       }
@@ -378,15 +454,16 @@ void ZWaveProxy::parse_start_(uint8_t byte) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Exited bootloader mode");
         this->in_bootloader_ = false;
       }
+      this->frame_start_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
       this->buffer_[this->buffer_index_++] = byte;
       this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_LENGTH;
       return;
     case ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_BL_MENU:
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received BL_MENU");
-      if (!this->in_bootloader_) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Entered bootloader mode");
-        this->in_bootloader_ = true;
-      }
+      // Read the menu tentatively: a stray 0x0D can equally appear in garbled data after the
+      // parser loses frame alignment, so bootloader mode is only committed once a plausible
+      // menu completes (see READ_BL_MENU handling in parse_byte_)
+      this->frame_start_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
       this->buffer_[this->buffer_index_++] = byte;
       this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_READ_BL_MENU;
       return;
@@ -403,7 +480,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::parse_start_(uint8_t byte) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received CAN");
       break;
     default:
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unrecognized START: 0x%02X", byte);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unrecognized START: 0x%02X", byte);
       return;
   }
   // Forward response (ACK/NAK/CAN) back to client for processing
@@ -412,7 +489,9 @@ void ZWaveProxy::parse_start_(uint8_t byte) {
     this->buffer_[0] = byte;
     this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data = this->buffer_.data();
     this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data_len = 1;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
+    if (!this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Frame dropped, TCP buffer full");
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
index ec52b15cd9..75225d84a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ class ZWaveProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   bool can_proceed() override;
 
   void api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn);
-  void zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type);
+  api::enums::ZWaveProxyStatus zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection,
+                                                   api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type);
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
 
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return ZWaveProxyFeature::FEATURE_ZWAVE_PROXY_ENABLED; }
@@ -68,13 +69,16 @@ class ZWaveProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
     return encode_uint32(this->home_id_[0], this->home_id_[1], this->home_id_[2], this->home_id_[3]);
   }
 
-  void send_frame(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  // Send a frame from an API client to the Z-Wave module. Frames from any connection other
+  // than the currently subscribed one are ignored.
+  void send_frame(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
 
  protected:
-  bool set_home_id_(const uint8_t *new_home_id);  // Store a new home ID. Returns true if it changed.
-  void clear_home_id_();                          // Clear home ID and notify API clients
-  void on_connection_changed_(bool connected);    // Handle modem connect/disconnect transitions
-  void retry_home_id_query_();                    // Retry home ID query after reconnect
+  void send_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);  // Write a frame to the Z-Wave module
+  bool set_home_id_(const uint8_t *new_home_id);         // Store a new home ID. Returns true if it changed.
+  void clear_home_id_();                                 // Clear home ID and notify API clients
+  void on_connection_changed_(bool connected);           // Handle modem connect/disconnect transitions
+  void retry_home_id_query_();                           // Retry home ID query after reconnect
   void send_homeid_changed_msg_(api::APIConnection *conn = nullptr);
   void send_simple_command_(uint8_t command_id);
   bool parse_byte_(uint8_t byte);  // Returns true if frame parsing was completed (a frame is ready in the buffer)
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ class ZWaveProxy final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   api::APIConnection *api_connection_{nullptr};  // Current subscribed client
   uint32_t setup_time_{0};                       // Time when setup() was called
   uint32_t reconnect_time_{0};                   // Timestamp of reconnect detection (0 = no pending query)
+  uint32_t frame_start_time_{0};                 // Timestamp of the current frame's start byte (reception timeout)
 
   // Small values (grouped by size to minimize padding)
   uint16_t buffer_index_{0};     // Index for populating the data buffer
diff --git a/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py b/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py
index 58de519283..0508f456e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zyaura/sensor.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_PERCENT,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import gpio_pin_expression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 zyaura_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zyaura")
 ZyAuraSensor = zyaura_ns.class_("ZyAuraSensor", cg.PollingComponent)
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/config.py b/esphome/config.py
index fc8f46909f..13ec744ce4 100644
--- a/esphome/config.py
+++ b/esphome/config.py
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import abc
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 import contextvars
 import copy
 import functools
 import heapq
 import logging
 import re
-from typing import Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import voluptuous as vol
 
@@ -40,6 +41,9 @@ from esphome.util import OrderedDict, safe_print
 from esphome.voluptuous_schema import ExtraKeysInvalid
 from esphome.yaml_util import ESPHomeDataBase, ESPLiteralValue, is_secret
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -599,11 +603,40 @@ class LoadValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
         CORE.loaded_integrations.add(self.domain)
         # For platform components, normalize conf before creating MetadataValidationStep
         if component.is_platform_component:
+            # Legacy config migration: allow a platform component to rewrite a
+            # pre-platform-format top-level config (e.g. a bare list or legacy
+            # dict form) into the normalized list of `platform:` tagged entries.
+            # Removable deprecation shim hook; no-op for components that do not
+            # define LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE.
+            if (
+                (migrate := component.legacy_config_migrate) is not None
+                and self.conf
+                and not isinstance(self.conf, core.AutoLoad)
+                and (migrated := migrate(self.conf)) is not None
+            ):
+                result[self.domain] = self.conf = migrated
             if not self.conf:
                 result[self.domain] = self.conf = []
             elif not isinstance(self.conf, list):
                 result[self.domain] = self.conf = [self.conf]
 
+            # Permanent expansion hook: a platform-tagged entry may expand into
+            # several (e.g. `image`'s `defaults:`/`files:`), for `platform:`-tagged dicts only.
+            if (expand := component.expand_platform_config) is not None and all(
+                isinstance(entry, dict) and CONF_PLATFORM in entry
+                for entry in self.conf
+            ):
+                with result.catch_error(path):
+                    expanded = expand(self.conf)
+                    if not isinstance(expanded, list):
+                        # A non-list return is a component bug (not a user error):
+                        # raise explicitly (survives -O/-OO) so it escapes catch_error.
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"{self.domain}: EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG must "
+                            f"return a list, got {type(expanded).__name__}"
+                        )
+                    result[self.domain] = self.conf = expanded
+
         # Process AUTO_LOAD
         _process_auto_load(result, component, path)
 
@@ -705,6 +738,125 @@ class AutoLoadValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
         )
 
 
+# Backstop against a runaway PREFETCH_FILES generator; no real component
+# needs anywhere near this many stages (font, the deepest, uses two).
+_MAX_PREFETCH_STAGES = 10
+
+
+class PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
+    """Batch-download remote files referenced by the raw config.
+
+    Each round, the batches yielded by every ``PREFETCH_FILES`` hook (see
+    ``ComponentManifest.prefetch_files``) download in one parallel pass, so
+    per-entry schema validators find a warm cache. Must run between
+    AutoLoadValidationStep (-1.0) and MetadataValidationStep (-2.0):
+    metadata steps push priority-0 schema steps that pop immediately, so
+    this is the last point where every raw entry list is intact. Best
+    effort: failures are logged and memoized per run; the per-entry
+    validators stay authoritative.
+    """
+
+    priority = -1.5
+
+    def run(self, result: Config) -> None:
+        active: list[tuple[str, Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]]] = []
+
+        def warn_hook_failed(name: str, err: Exception) -> None:
+            # A broken hook must not fail validation; it only loses the
+            # batching speedup.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Remote file prefetch for %s failed: %s", name, err)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch hook traceback", exc_info=err)
+
+        def start_hook(
+            name: str, manifest: ComponentManifest, entries: list[ConfigType]
+        ) -> None:
+            if (hook := manifest.prefetch_files) is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                active.append((name, iter(hook(entries))))
+            except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                warn_hook_failed(name, err)
+
+        for domain, conf in result.items():
+            if not isinstance(domain, str) or domain.startswith("."):
+                continue
+            if (component := get_component(domain)) is None:
+                continue
+            if component.prefetch_files is None and not component.is_platform_component:
+                continue
+            if conf is None or isinstance(conf, core.AutoLoad):
+                continue
+            entries = [
+                entry
+                for entry in (conf if isinstance(conf, list) else [conf])
+                if isinstance(entry, dict)
+            ]
+            if not entries:
+                continue
+            # A domain-level hook on a platform component receives every
+            # entry; overlap with per-platform hooks dedupes by path.
+            start_hook(domain, component, entries)
+            if not component.is_platform_component:
+                continue
+            by_platform: dict[str, list[ConfigType]] = {}
+            for entry in entries:
+                if isinstance(p_name := entry.get(CONF_PLATFORM), str):
+                    by_platform.setdefault(p_name, []).append(entry)
+            for p_name, p_entries in by_platform.items():
+                if (platform := get_platform(domain, p_name)) is not None:
+                    start_hook(f"{domain}.{p_name}", platform, p_entries)
+
+        # One stage per round; later stages can read what earlier ones
+        # fetched.
+        for _ in range(_MAX_PREFETCH_STAGES):
+            if not active:
+                break
+            items: list[RemoteFile] = []
+            still_active: list[tuple[str, Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]]] = []
+            for name, generator in active:
+                try:
+                    batch = list(next(generator))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    continue
+                except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                    warn_hook_failed(name, err)
+                    continue
+                items.extend(batch)
+                still_active.append((name, generator))
+            active = still_active
+            self._download(items)
+        for name, generator in active:
+            # A tripped backstop means a broken hook.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Remote file prefetch for %s stopped after %d stages",
+                name,
+                _MAX_PREFETCH_STAGES,
+            )
+            if (close := getattr(generator, "close", None)) is not None:
+                # close() runs hook code too; it must not fail validation.
+                with suppress(Exception):
+                    close()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _download(items: list[RemoteFile]) -> None:
+        if not items:
+            return
+        # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
+        # needed when a config actually references remote files.
+        from esphome import external_files
+
+        try:
+            external_files.download_content_many(items, description="remote file(s)")
+        except cv.Invalid as err:
+            # INFO: the trace if an extractor's cache path ever drifts from
+            # its validator's, hiding the memoized failure replay.
+            _LOGGER.info("Remote file prefetch download failed: %s", err)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # The batch downloader itself broke; make it visible.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Remote file prefetch failed: %s", err)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch download traceback", exc_info=err)
+
+
 class MetadataValidationStep(ConfigValidationStep):
     """Validate component metadata
 
@@ -1096,6 +1248,7 @@ def validate_config(
     config: dict[str, Any],
     command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any] | None,
     skip_external_update: bool = False,
+    snapshot_user_config: bool = False,
 ) -> Config:
     result = Config()
 
@@ -1206,11 +1359,13 @@ def validate_config(
     # Snapshot the user's config before any schema validation defaults are
     # applied. preload_core_config and later validation steps rewrite entries
     # in-place with defaulted values; deep-copying here preserves the
-    # user-supplied keys for `esphome config --no-defaults`.
-    result.user_config = copy.deepcopy(config)
-    if substitutions is not None:
-        result.user_config[CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS] = copy.deepcopy(substitutions)
-        result.user_config.move_to_end(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, last=False)
+    # user-supplied keys for `esphome config --no-defaults`. The deep copy is
+    # expensive, so it is only taken when that command actually asked for it.
+    if snapshot_user_config:
+        result.user_config = copy.deepcopy(config)
+        if substitutions is not None:
+            result.user_config[CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS] = copy.deepcopy(substitutions)
+            result.user_config.move_to_end(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, last=False)
 
     # 2. Load partial core config
     import esphome.core.config as core_config
@@ -1244,6 +1399,7 @@ def validate_config(
 
     for domain, conf in config.items():
         result.add_validation_step(LoadValidationStep(domain, conf))
+    result.add_validation_step(PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep())
     result.add_validation_step(IDPassValidationStep())
     result.add_validation_step(CoreFinalValidateStep())
     result.add_validation_step(PinUseValidationCheck())
@@ -1323,7 +1479,9 @@ class InvalidYAMLError(EsphomeError):
 
 
 def _load_config(
-    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any], skip_external_update: bool = False
+    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any],
+    skip_external_update: bool = False,
+    snapshot_user_config: bool = False,
 ) -> Config:
     """Load the configuration file."""
     try:
@@ -1332,7 +1490,12 @@ def _load_config(
         raise InvalidYAMLError(e) from e
 
     try:
-        return validate_config(config, command_line_substitutions, skip_external_update)
+        return validate_config(
+            config,
+            command_line_substitutions,
+            skip_external_update=skip_external_update,
+            snapshot_user_config=snapshot_user_config,
+        )
     except EsphomeError:
         raise
     except Exception:
@@ -1341,10 +1504,16 @@ def _load_config(
 
 
 def load_config(
-    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any], skip_external_update: bool = False
+    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any],
+    skip_external_update: bool = False,
+    snapshot_user_config: bool = False,
 ) -> Config:
     try:
-        return _load_config(command_line_substitutions, skip_external_update)
+        return _load_config(
+            command_line_substitutions,
+            skip_external_update=skip_external_update,
+            snapshot_user_config=snapshot_user_config,
+        )
     except vol.Invalid as err:
         raise EsphomeError(f"Error while parsing config: {err}") from err
 
@@ -1485,11 +1654,17 @@ def strip_default_ids(config):
 
 
 def read_config(
-    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any], skip_external_update: bool = False
+    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any],
+    skip_external_update: bool = False,
+    snapshot_user_config: bool = False,
 ) -> Config | None:
     _LOGGER.info("Reading configuration %s...", CORE.config_path)
     try:
-        res = load_config(command_line_substitutions, skip_external_update)
+        res = load_config(
+            command_line_substitutions,
+            skip_external_update=skip_external_update,
+            snapshot_user_config=snapshot_user_config,
+        )
     except EsphomeError as err:
         _LOGGER.error("Error while reading config: %s", err)
         return None
diff --git a/esphome/config_helpers.py b/esphome/config_helpers.py
index c0a3b99968..60bed1537e 100644
--- a/esphome/config_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/config_helpers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection
 
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LEVEL,
@@ -98,6 +98,19 @@ def merge_config(old, new):
     return new
 
 
+def frameworks_for_platforms(platforms: Collection[str]) -> set[PlatformFramework]:
+    """All PlatformFramework members whose platform is in `platforms`.
+
+    For FILTER_SOURCE_FILES maps that must stay in sync with a platform
+    registry: deriving the framework set here means a platform added to the
+    registry cannot validate and then fail at link on a filtered-out file.
+    """
+    known = {pf.value[0].value for pf in PlatformFramework}
+    if unknown := set(platforms) - known:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown platform(s): {sorted(unknown)}")
+    return {pf for pf in PlatformFramework if pf.value[0].value in platforms}
+
+
 def filter_source_files_from_platform(
     files_map: dict[str, set[PlatformFramework]],
 ) -> Callable[[], list[str]]:
@@ -138,6 +151,31 @@ def filter_source_files_from_platform(
     return filter_source_files
 
 
+def filter_source_files_from_defines(
+    files_map: dict[str, str | tuple[str, ...]],
+) -> Callable[[], list[str]]:
+    """Helper to build a FILTER_SOURCE_FILES function from a define mapping.
+
+    Args:
+        files_map: Dict mapping filename to the define name (or tuple of
+            define names) that keeps the file in the build; the file is
+            excluded when none of its defines is set for the current config.
+
+    Returns:
+        Function that returns the files to exclude for the current config.
+    """
+
+    def filter_source_files() -> list[str]:
+        defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+        return [
+            filename
+            for filename, needed in files_map.items()
+            if defines.isdisjoint((needed,) if isinstance(needed, str) else needed)
+        ]
+
+    return filter_source_files
+
+
 def get_logger_level() -> str:
     """Get the configured logger level.
 
diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index b77e22a6fb..904cbd1919 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
 from ipaddress import (
     AddressValueError,
@@ -54,6 +53,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY,
     CONF_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS,
+    CONF_TOOLCHAIN,
     CONF_TOPIC,
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_TYPE_ID,
@@ -71,11 +71,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN,
     TYPE_GIT,
     TYPE_LOCAL,
     Framework,
+    Toolchain,
     __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION,
 )
 from esphome.core import (
@@ -88,10 +89,17 @@ from esphome.core import (
     TimePeriodMinutes,
     TimePeriodNanoseconds,
     TimePeriodSeconds,
+    Version,
 )
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 from esphome.expression import SUBSTITUTION_VARIABLE_PROG as VARIABLE_PROG
-from esphome.helpers import add_class_to_obj, docs_url, list_starts_with
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS,
+    TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS,
+    add_class_to_obj,
+    docs_url,
+    list_starts_with,
+)
 from esphome.schema_extractors import (
     SCHEMA_EXTRACT,
     schema_extractor,
@@ -99,10 +107,16 @@ from esphome.schema_extractors import (
     schema_extractor_registry,
     schema_extractor_typed,
 )
-from esphome.util import parse_esphome_version
+
+# Deprecated re-export for external components; remove before 2027.2.0
+# pylint: disable-next=unused-import
+from esphome.util import parse_esphome_version  # noqa: F401
 from esphome.voluptuous_schema import _Schema
 from esphome.yaml_util import SensitiveStr, make_data_base
 
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
@@ -292,10 +306,14 @@ class Visibility(StrEnum):
     the same way. ESPHome itself ignores the value at runtime;
     consumers downstream of the schema dump act on it.
 
-    A field with no ``visibility`` set (the default) renders on the
-    editor's main form. The two values below are points along a
-    single axis of "how prominently to surface this":
+    Three points along a single axis of "how prominently to surface
+    this", from least to most hidden:
 
+    - ``UI`` — always render on the editor's main form. Use to
+      promote an ``Optional`` that would otherwise fall through to
+      the advanced disclosure (see the default rule below): the
+      "headline" config a user reaches for first (e.g. a sensor's
+      ``name`` or its primary pin/address).
     - ``ADVANCED`` — render under the editor's "advanced settings"
       disclosure. Use for fields whose default is right for ~all
       users (e.g. ``update_interval`` on time platforms — 15 min is
@@ -307,25 +325,35 @@ class Visibility(StrEnum):
       tweaks can break boot). The YAML escape hatch stays
       available for the rare power-user override.
 
-    The single-axis shape encodes "yaml-only is strictly stronger
-    than advanced" at the type level — there's no way to ask for
-    both at once, and no way to set a contradictory state like
-    "advanced=False, yaml_only=True".
+    Default when unset (``visibility=None``): resolved by the
+    consumer, not encoded on the marker. A schema-aware editor
+    treats an ``Optional`` with no setting as ``ADVANCED`` (most
+    optional knobs have sensible defaults and would clutter the
+    form), and a ``Required`` with no setting as ``UI`` (a required
+    field needs the user's attention). Pass an explicit value to
+    override either default — most commonly ``UI`` to keep a
+    high-value ``Optional`` on the main form.
+
+    The single-axis shape encodes the strictness ladder
+    (``UI`` < ``ADVANCED`` < ``YAML_ONLY``) at the type level —
+    there's no way to set a contradictory state.
 
     Per-field; the dumper walks recursively into nested schemas
-    and emits each field's setting independently. Cascading
-    semantics — "a stricter parent makes its descendants at-least
-    as strict" — belong on the consumer side: the schema marker
-    is faithfully what the field author wrote, and a consumer that
-    cares about effective visibility walks the parent chain and
-    takes the strictest setting. ``YAML_ONLY`` is strictly stronger
-    than ``ADVANCED``, which is strictly stronger than no setting.
-    Inner fields can declare their own visibility; an inner
+    and emits each field's setting independently, omitting the key
+    when unset so the dump stays compact and the per-field default
+    is the consumer's to apply. Cascading semantics — "a stricter
+    parent makes its descendants at-least as strict" — belong on the
+    consumer side: the schema marker is faithfully what the field
+    author wrote, and a consumer that cares about effective
+    visibility walks the parent chain and takes the strictest
+    setting. Inner fields can declare their own visibility; an inner
     ``YAML_ONLY`` under an ``ADVANCED`` parent stays ``YAML_ONLY``,
-    and the consumer's cascade keeps siblings under the parent at
-    ``ADVANCED`` regardless of their own (less-strict) setting.
+    and the consumer's cascade keeps a ``UI`` sibling under an
+    ``ADVANCED`` parent at ``ADVANCED`` regardless of its own
+    (less-strict) setting.
     """
 
+    UI = "ui"
     ADVANCED = "advanced"
     YAML_ONLY = "yaml_only"
 
@@ -347,6 +375,9 @@ class Optional(vol.Optional):
 
     See :class:`Visibility` for the ``visibility`` kwarg — a UI
     hint for schema-driven editors that doesn't affect validation.
+    Left unset, an ``Optional`` is treated as ``Visibility.ADVANCED``
+    by schema-aware editors; pass ``Visibility.UI`` to keep it on the
+    main form.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -369,9 +400,11 @@ class Required(vol.Required):
 
     See :class:`Visibility` for the ``visibility`` kwarg — a UI
     hint for schema-driven editors that doesn't affect validation.
-    Required fields rarely need it (a required field by definition
-    needs the user's attention) but the kwarg is exposed for
-    symmetry so consumers can apply uniform logic across key markers.
+    Required fields rarely need it: left unset, a ``Required`` is
+    treated as on the main form (``Visibility.UI``) by schema-aware
+    editors, since a required field needs the user's attention. The
+    kwarg is exposed for symmetry so consumers can apply uniform
+    logic across key markers.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -389,40 +422,6 @@ class FinalExternalInvalid(Invalid):
     """Represents an invalid value in the final validation phase where the path should not be prepended."""
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
-class Version:
-    major: int
-    minor: int
-    patch: int
-    extra: str = ""
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        if self.extra:
-            return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.patch}-{self.extra}"
-        return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.patch}"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, value: str) -> Version:
-        match = re.match(r"^(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)[-.]?(\w*)$", value)
-        if match is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"Not a valid version number {value}")
-        major = int(match[1])
-        minor = int(match[2])
-        patch = int(match[3])
-        extra = match[4] or ""
-        return Version(major=major, minor=minor, patch=patch, extra=extra)
-
-    @property
-    def is_beta(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if this version is a beta version."""
-        return self.extra.startswith("b")
-
-    @property
-    def is_dev(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if this version is a development version."""
-        return self.extra.startswith("dev")
-
-
 def check_not_templatable(value):
     if isinstance(value, Lambda):
         raise Invalid("This option is not templatable!")
@@ -588,9 +587,9 @@ def boolean(value):
         return value
     if isinstance(value, str):
         value = value.lower()
-        if value in ("true", "yes", "on", "enable"):
+        if value in TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS:
             return True
-        if value in ("false", "no", "off", "disable"):
+        if value in FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS:
             return False
     raise Invalid(
         f"Expected boolean value, but cannot convert {value} to a boolean. Please use 'true' or 'false'"
@@ -859,7 +858,38 @@ def only_with_framework(
 only_on_esp32 = only_on(PLATFORM_ESP32)
 only_on_esp8266 = only_on(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
 only_on_nrf52 = only_on(PLATFORM_NRF52)
-only_on_rp2040 = only_on(PLATFORM_RP2040)
+only_on_rp2 = only_on(PLATFORM_RP2)
+
+# CORE.data key for the "deprecation warning already fired this run" flag.
+# Deduped via CORE.data (cleared between runs) to match the framework-alias
+# pattern; one warning per `esphome config|compile|run` invocation is enough.
+_ONLY_ON_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY = "_cv_only_on_rp2040_deprecated_warned"
+
+
+def only_on_rp2040(obj):
+    """Deprecated — kept as a back-compat shim for external custom components.
+
+    Pre-RP2350, this was the family check for the RP2 platform; with RP2350
+    landing under the same target platform, the variant axis is now exposed
+    by the rp2 component itself. New code should use one of:
+
+    * :func:`only_on_rp2` — family-level gate (matches the esp32 pattern;
+      same semantics as the pre-RP2350 ``only_on_rp2040``).
+    * ``rp2.only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_RP2040])`` — variant-level
+      gate, rejects RP2350 boards on the rp2 platform.
+
+    Scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0.
+    """
+    if not CORE.data.get(_ONLY_ON_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "cv.only_on_rp2040 is deprecated; use cv.only_on_rp2 for the "
+            "family gate, or rp2.only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_RP2040]) "
+            "for the variant gate. Removed in 2027.7.0."
+        )
+        CORE.data[_ONLY_ON_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY] = True
+    return only_on_rp2(obj)
+
+
 only_with_arduino = only_with_framework(Framework.ARDUINO)
 
 
@@ -1763,6 +1793,8 @@ def one_of(*values, **kwargs):
       - *int* (``bool``, default=False): Whether to convert the incoming values to integers.
       - *float* (``bool``, default=False): Whether to convert the incoming values to floats.
       - *space* (``str``, default=' '): What to convert spaces in the input string to.
+      - *underscore* (``str``, default='_'): What to convert underscores in the input string to.
+      - *hyphen* (``str``, default='-'): What to convert hyphens in the input string to.
     """
     options = ", ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in values)
     lower = kwargs.pop("lower", False)
@@ -1771,8 +1803,11 @@ def one_of(*values, **kwargs):
     to_int = kwargs.pop("int", False)
     to_float = kwargs.pop("float", False)
     space = kwargs.pop("space", " ")
+    underscore = kwargs.pop("underscore", "_")
+    hyphen = kwargs.pop("hyphen", "-")
     if kwargs:
         raise ValueError
+    separators = str.maketrans({" ": space, "_": underscore, "-": hyphen})
 
     @schema_extractor("one_of")
     def validator(value):
@@ -1781,7 +1816,7 @@ def one_of(*values, **kwargs):
 
         if string_:
             value = string(value)
-            value = value.replace(" ", space)
+            value = value.translate(separators)
         if to_int:
             value = int_(value)
         if to_float:
@@ -1847,13 +1882,46 @@ def lambda_(value):
     return value
 
 
+# 'return' at a statement boundary; only consulted when the source has no
+# semicolon, so ';' is not a boundary. Migration use only, see
+# looks_like_returning_lambda.
+LAMBDA_RETURN_STATEMENT_PROG = re.compile(r"(?:^|[:{})\n])\s*return\b")
+LAMBDA_RETURN_KEYWORD_PROG = re.compile(r"\breturn\b")
+# RESERVED_IDS subset that can begin a return expression; 'this'/'true' would
+# promote prose and infix 'and'/'or' cannot start an expression.
+_CPP_LEADING_WORD_OPERATORS = "not|new|sizeof|delete"
+# Two or more plain words: prose, not C++. A single word is indistinguishable
+# from 'return x'. Migration use only, see looks_like_returning_lambda.
+LAMBDA_PROSE_TAIL_PROG = re.compile(
+    rf"(?!(?:{_CPP_LEADING_WORD_OPERATORS})\b)[A-Za-z']+(?:,?\s+[A-Za-z']+)+[.!?]?"
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_returning_lambda(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether a string looks like C++ lambda source: a semicolon means
+    code, so any return keyword counts; without one, a boundary return whose
+    tail does not read as prose is a return statement missing its semicolon.
+
+    For migrating deprecated implicit lambdas only; new validators must
+    require an explicit !lambda tag instead of guessing.
+    """
+    src = Lambda.comment_remover(value)
+    if ";" in src:
+        return LAMBDA_RETURN_KEYWORD_PROG.search(src) is not None
+    for match in LAMBDA_RETURN_STATEMENT_PROG.finditer(src):
+        tail = src[match.end() :].split("\n", 1)[0].strip()
+        if not LAMBDA_PROSE_TAIL_PROG.fullmatch(tail):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
 def returning_lambda(value):
     """Coerce this configuration option to a lambda.
 
     Additionally, make sure the lambda returns something.
     """
     value = lambda_(value)
-    if "return" not in value.value:
+    if LAMBDA_RETURN_KEYWORD_PROG.search(Lambda.comment_remover(value.value)) is None:
         raise Invalid(
             "Lambda doesn't contain a 'return' statement, but the lambda "
             "is expected to return a value. \n"
@@ -1886,14 +1954,29 @@ def dimensions(value):
     return dimensions([match.group(1), match.group(2)])
 
 
+def _remap_bundle_path(value: str) -> Path | None:
+    """Resolve a path from the machine an extracted bundle was created on.
+
+    An absolute path in a config compiled from an extracted bundle may point
+    at the machine the bundle was created on; the bundle ships the file at
+    its config-relative location instead.
+    """
+    from esphome.bundle import remap_bundle_path
+
+    return remap_bundle_path(value)
+
+
 def directory(value: object) -> Path:
     value = string(value)
     path = CORE.relative_config_path(value)
 
     if not path.exists():
-        raise Invalid(
-            f"Could not find directory '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {path.resolve()})."
-        )
+        remapped = _remap_bundle_path(value)
+        if remapped is None:
+            raise Invalid(
+                f"Could not find directory '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {path.resolve()})."
+            )
+        path = remapped
     if not path.is_dir():
         raise Invalid(
             f"Path '{path}' is not a directory (full path: {path.resolve()})."
@@ -1906,9 +1989,12 @@ def file_(value: object) -> Path:
     path = CORE.relative_config_path(value)
 
     if not path.exists():
-        raise Invalid(
-            f"Could not find file '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {path.resolve()})."
-        )
+        remapped = _remap_bundle_path(value)
+        if remapped is None:
+            raise Invalid(
+                f"Could not find file '{path}'. Please make sure it exists (full path: {path.resolve()})."
+            )
+        path = remapped
     if not path.is_file():
         raise Invalid(f"Path '{path}' is not a file (full path: {path.resolve()}).")
     return path
@@ -1990,7 +2076,24 @@ def _get_default_key(*args):
 
 
 class SplitDefault(Optional):
-    """Mark this key to have a split default for ESP8266/ESP32."""
+    """Mark this key to have a split default per target platform / variant / framework.
+
+    Defaults are passed as kwargs keyed on the platform identifier; the most
+    specific match wins. Lookup order (first hit wins):
+
+    1. ``<platform>_<variant>_<framework>`` — e.g. ``esp32_c3_arduino``,
+       ``rp2_2040_arduino``
+    2. ``<platform>_<variant>``             — e.g. ``esp32_c3``, ``rp2_2040``
+    3. ``<platform>_<framework>``           — e.g. ``esp32_arduino``,
+       ``rp2_arduino``
+    4. ``<platform>``                       — e.g. ``esp32``, ``rp2``
+
+    For ESP32 the variant strips the ``ESP32`` prefix from
+    :data:`esp32.VARIANT_*` constants (``ESP32C3`` → ``c3``). For RP2 the
+    variant strips just ``RP`` (``RP2040`` → ``2040``, ``RP2350`` → ``2350``)
+    so kwargs read naturally — `rp2_2040=...` is the override for the
+    Pico / Pico W and `rp2_2350=...` is the override for the Pico 2.
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, key, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(key)
@@ -2012,6 +2115,22 @@ class SplitDefault(Optional):
                 keys += _get_default_key(variant, framework)
                 keys += _get_default_key(variant)
             keys += _get_default_key(framework)
+        elif CORE.is_rp2:
+            # Strip the "RP" prefix to leave the chip number, mirroring
+            # the ESP32 "platform stripped from variant" convention so
+            # kwargs stay short (``rp2_2040`` rather than ``rp2_rp2040``).
+            # Variant lookup is defensive: validators may run before the
+            # rp2 component's ``set_core_data`` (or in tests that wire a
+            # partial ``CORE.data``); in that case we just skip the
+            # variant-specific keys and fall through to the base
+            # platform/framework defaults.
+            raw_variant = CORE.data.get("rp2", {}).get("variant")
+            framework = CORE.target_framework
+            if raw_variant:
+                variant = raw_variant.removeprefix("RP").lower()
+                keys += _get_default_key(variant, framework)
+                keys += _get_default_key(variant)
+            keys += _get_default_key(framework)
         keys += _get_default_key()
         for key in keys:
             if self._defaults.get(key) is not None:
@@ -2210,16 +2329,25 @@ MQTT_COMPONENT_AVAILABILITY_SCHEMA = Schema(
     }
 )
 
+# Per-entity MQTT plumbing — integration metadata, never a primary UI field.
 MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA = Schema(
     {
-        Optional(CONF_QOS): All(requires_component("mqtt"), mqtt_qos),
-        Optional(CONF_RETAIN): All(requires_component("mqtt"), boolean),
-        Optional(CONF_DISCOVERY): All(requires_component("mqtt"), boolean),
-        Optional(CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS): All(requires_component("mqtt"), mqtt_qos),
-        Optional(CONF_STATE_TOPIC): All(
+        Optional(CONF_QOS, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
+            requires_component("mqtt"), mqtt_qos
+        ),
+        Optional(CONF_RETAIN, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
+            requires_component("mqtt"), boolean
+        ),
+        Optional(CONF_DISCOVERY, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
+            requires_component("mqtt"), boolean
+        ),
+        Optional(CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
+            requires_component("mqtt"), mqtt_qos
+        ),
+        Optional(CONF_STATE_TOPIC, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
             requires_component("mqtt"), templatable(publish_topic)
         ),
-        Optional(CONF_AVAILABILITY): All(
+        Optional(CONF_AVAILABILITY, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
             requires_component("mqtt"), Any(None, MQTT_COMPONENT_AVAILABILITY_SCHEMA)
         ),
     }
@@ -2227,10 +2355,12 @@ MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA = Schema(
 
 MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA = MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
     {
-        Optional(CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC): All(
+        Optional(CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
             requires_component("mqtt"), templatable(subscribe_topic)
         ),
-        Optional(CONF_COMMAND_RETAIN): All(requires_component("mqtt"), boolean),
+        Optional(CONF_COMMAND_RETAIN, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): All(
+            requires_component("mqtt"), boolean
+        ),
     }
 )
 
@@ -2249,13 +2379,13 @@ def _validate_no_slash(value):
     the visually similar Unicode FRACTION SLASH (U+2044) character.
     """
     if "/" in value:
-        # Remove before 2026.7.0
+        # Remove before 2027.7.0
         new_value = value.replace("/", FRACTION_SLASH)
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "'%s' contains '/' which is reserved as a URL path separator. "
             "Automatically replacing with '%s' (Unicode FRACTION SLASH). "
             "Please update your configuration. "
-            "This will become an error in ESPHome 2026.7.0.",
+            "This will become an error in ESPHome 2027.7.0.",
             value,
             new_value,
         )
@@ -2305,12 +2435,16 @@ def string_no_slash(value):
 
 ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA = Schema(
     {
-        Optional(CONF_NAME): _validate_entity_name,
-        Optional(CONF_INTERNAL): boolean,
-        Optional(CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT, default=False): boolean,
-        Optional(CONF_ICON): icon,
-        Optional(CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY): entity_category,
-        Optional(CONF_DEVICE_ID): sub_device_id,
+        # The name is every entity's headline field — keep it on the
+        # main form rather than letting it fall through to advanced.
+        Optional(CONF_NAME, visibility=Visibility.UI): _validate_entity_name,
+        Optional(CONF_INTERNAL, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): boolean,
+        Optional(
+            CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT, default=False, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED
+        ): boolean,
+        Optional(CONF_ICON, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): icon,
+        Optional(CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): entity_category,
+        Optional(CONF_DEVICE_ID, visibility=Visibility.ADVANCED): sub_device_id,
     }
 )
 
@@ -2392,11 +2526,16 @@ def git_ref(value):
     return value
 
 
+# What `refresh: never` validates to; also used to recognize a disabled
+# refresh when logging (see esphome/git.py)
+SOURCE_REFRESH_NEVER = "365250d"
+
+
 def source_refresh(value: str):
     if value.lower() == "always":
         return source_refresh("0s")
     if value.lower() == "never":
-        return source_refresh("365250d")
+        return source_refresh(SOURCE_REFRESH_NEVER)
     return positive_time_period_seconds(value)
 
 
@@ -2437,24 +2576,121 @@ def platformio_version_constraint(value):
     return constraints
 
 
+def _check_supported_toolchain(
+    platform_name: str, supported: tuple[Toolchain, ...]
+) -> None:
+    """Raise when the resolved ``CORE.toolchain`` is not in ``supported``
+    (one message shape for every platform)."""
+    toolchain = CORE.toolchain
+    if toolchain is None:
+        # A caller ran the check before resolving; an ordering bug, not a
+        # user error
+        raise Invalid(f"Toolchain was not resolved before {platform_name} validation")
+    if toolchain not in supported:
+        names = ", ".join(f"'{tc.value}'" for tc in supported)
+        raise Invalid(
+            f"Unsupported toolchain "
+            f"'{toolchain.value}' for "
+            f"{platform_name}. Supported: {names}."
+        )
+
+
+def toolchain_enum(supported: tuple[Toolchain, ...]) -> Callable[[str], Toolchain]:
+    """Schema validator for a platform's ``toolchain`` config key."""
+
+    def validator(value: str) -> Toolchain:
+        return Toolchain(one_of(*supported, lower=True)(value))
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def resolve_toolchain(
+    platform_name: str, supported: tuple[Toolchain, ...], default: Toolchain
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Resolve ``CORE.toolchain`` (CLI > YAML > default) and reject one the
+    platform cannot serve.
+
+    Add to the platform's validation chain before anything that reads
+    ``CORE.toolchain``.
+    """
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        if CORE.toolchain is None:
+            CORE.toolchain = config.get(CONF_TOOLCHAIN, default)
+        _check_supported_toolchain(platform_name, supported)
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def require_platformio_toolchain(
+    platform_name: str,
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Reject a CLI-selected toolchain other than PlatformIO, for platforms
+    with only the PlatformIO backend."""
+    return resolve_toolchain(
+        platform_name, (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO,), Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    )
+
+
 def require_framework_version(
     *,
     max_version=False,
     extra_message=None,
     **kwargs,
 ):
+    """Constrain the configured framework version per target platform / variant.
+
+    Kwargs are keyed by ``<platform>_<framework>`` (e.g. ``esp32_arduino``,
+    ``rp2_arduino``) with optional variant-specific overrides keyed by
+    ``<platform>_<variant>_<framework>`` (e.g. ``esp32_c3_arduino``,
+    ``rp2_2040_arduino``, ``rp2_2350_arduino``). Variant overrides win when
+    the configured variant matches; otherwise the base platform key is used.
+
+    Special cases: ``host`` (with host framework) and ``esp_idf`` (any ESP32
+    on ESP-IDF) bypass variant lookup.
+    """
+
     def validator(value):
         core_data = CORE.data[KEY_CORE]
         framework = core_data[KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK]
 
+        keys_to_try: list[str] = []
         if CORE.is_host and framework == "host":
-            key = "host"
+            keys_to_try.append("host")
         elif framework == "esp-idf":
-            key = "esp_idf"
+            keys_to_try.append("esp_idf")
         else:
-            key = CORE.target_platform + "_" + framework
+            # Try variant-specific key first (mirrors the SplitDefault
+            # precedence). ESP32 strips its platform prefix from variant
+            # constants; RP2 strips just ``RP`` to keep chip-number kwargs
+            # (``rp2_2040``, ``rp2_2350``).
+            if CORE.is_esp32:
+                from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32, get_esp32_variant
 
-        if key not in kwargs:
+                # Guard against tests that wire CORE.data without an
+                # esp32 variant block; same defensive intent as the rp2
+                # branch below.
+                try:
+                    variant = get_esp32_variant().replace(VARIANT_ESP32, "").lower()
+                except (KeyError, AttributeError):
+                    variant = ""
+                if variant:
+                    keys_to_try.append(f"{CORE.target_platform}_{variant}_{framework}")
+            elif CORE.is_rp2:
+                # Defensive lookup — see the matching block in
+                # ``SplitDefault.default``: the rp2 component's
+                # ``set_core_data`` may not have populated
+                # ``CORE.data["rp2"]["variant"]`` yet (validators run
+                # during schema validation, before code-gen).
+                raw_variant = CORE.data.get("rp2", {}).get("variant")
+                if raw_variant:
+                    variant = raw_variant.removeprefix("RP").lower()
+                    keys_to_try.append(f"{CORE.target_platform}_{variant}_{framework}")
+            keys_to_try.append(f"{CORE.target_platform}_{framework}")
+
+        key = next((k for k in keys_to_try if k in kwargs), None)
+        if key is None:
             msg = f"This feature is incompatible with {CORE.target_platform.upper()} using {framework} framework"
             if extra_message:
                 msg += f". {extra_message}"
@@ -2480,13 +2716,30 @@ def require_framework_version(
     return validator
 
 
-def require_esphome_version(year, month, patch):
+def require_esphome_version(
+    year: Version | int, month: int | None = None, patch: int | None = None
+):
+    """Validator requiring at least the given ESPHome version.
+
+    Accepts a single ``Version`` like the sibling
+    ``require_framework_version``, or the legacy ``(year, month, patch)``
+    ints external components already pass.
+    """
+    if isinstance(year, Version):
+        required = year
+    elif month is None or patch is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "require_esphome_version needs a Version or (year, month, patch)"
+        )
+    else:
+        required = Version(year, month, patch)
+
     def validator(value):
-        esphome_version = parse_esphome_version()
-        if esphome_version < (year, month, patch):
-            requires_version = f"{year}.{month}.{patch}"
+        # A dev or beta build of the required version still satisfies it,
+        # matching the old tuple comparison that dropped the suffix.
+        if Version.parse(ESPHOME_VERSION) < required:
             raise Invalid(
-                f"This component requires at least ESPHome version {requires_version}"
+                f"This component requires at least ESPHome version {required}"
             )
         return value
 
@@ -2560,10 +2813,32 @@ SOURCE_SCHEMA = Any(
 )
 
 
-def rename_key(old_key, new_key):
+def rename_key(
+    old_key, new_key, *, removed_in: str | None = None, component: str | None = None
+):
+    """Rename a config key from ``old_key`` to ``new_key``.
+
+    Specifying both keys is an error; otherwise only one of the two would
+    survive the rename and the other would be dropped silently.
+
+    When ``removed_in`` is set, a deprecation warning is logged if the old key is
+    present. Pass ``component`` (the platform/component name) alongside
+    ``removed_in`` so the warning identifies where it originates.
+    """
+
     def validator(config: dict) -> dict:
         config = config.copy()
         if old_key in config:
+            has_at_most_one_key(old_key, new_key)(config)
+            if removed_in is not None:
+                prefix = f"[{component}] " if component else ""
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "%s'%s' is deprecated, use '%s'. Will be removed in %s",
+                    prefix,
+                    old_key,
+                    new_key,
+                    removed_in,
+                )
             config[new_key] = config.pop(old_key)
         return config
 
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 5fa6f00b59..6f83f0c937 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.7.0-dev"
+__version__ = "2026.9.0-dev"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (
@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@ class Toolchain(StrEnum):
     PLATFORMIO = "platformio"
     ESP_IDF = "esp-idf"
     SDK_NRF = "sdk-nrf"
+    # ESP8266: the Arduino core built directly (no PlatformIO)
+    ARDUINO = "arduino"
+
+
+# Toolchains that drive their build natively and never read platformio.ini.
+# SDK_NRF is absent on purpose: the zephyr backend keeps consuming
+# platformio_options.
+NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS = frozenset({Toolchain.ESP_IDF, Toolchain.ARDUINO})
 
 
 class Platform(StrEnum):
@@ -33,7 +41,12 @@ class Platform(StrEnum):
     LIBRETINY_OLDSTYLE = "libretiny"
     LN882X = "ln882x"
     NRF52 = "nrf52"
-    RP2040 = "rp2040"
+    RP2 = "rp2"  # canonical name for the RP2 family (RP2040, RP2350, …)
+    # Deprecated: use Platform.RP2 instead. Python enum aliasing makes this
+    # the same member as RP2 (same string value), so ``Platform.RP2040`` and
+    # ``Platform.RP2`` remain interchangeable for external custom components.
+    # Scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0.
+    RP2040 = "rp2"
     RTL87XX = "rtl87xx"
 
 
@@ -86,6 +99,9 @@ class PlatformFramework(Enum):
 
     # Arduino framework platforms
     ESP8266_ARDUINO = (Platform.ESP8266, Framework.ARDUINO)
+    RP2_ARDUINO = (Platform.RP2, Framework.ARDUINO)
+    # Deprecated: use PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO instead. Kept as an
+    # alias for backwards compatibility; scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0.
     RP2040_ARDUINO = (Platform.RP2040, Framework.ARDUINO)
     BK72XX_ARDUINO = (Platform.BK72XX, Framework.ARDUINO)
     RTL87XX_ARDUINO = (Platform.RTL87XX, Framework.ARDUINO)
@@ -106,10 +122,14 @@ PLATFORM_HOST = Platform.HOST
 PLATFORM_LIBRETINY_OLDSTYLE = Platform.LIBRETINY_OLDSTYLE
 PLATFORM_LN882X = Platform.LN882X
 PLATFORM_NRF52 = Platform.NRF52
+PLATFORM_RP2 = Platform.RP2
+# Deprecated: use PLATFORM_RP2 instead. Kept as a back-compat alias;
+# scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0.
 PLATFORM_RP2040 = Platform.RP2040
 PLATFORM_RTL87XX = Platform.RTL87XX
 
 
+BUNDLE_EXTENSION = ".esphomebundle.tar.gz"
 SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS = {".cpp", ".hpp", ".h", ".c", ".tcc", ".ino"}
 HEADER_FILE_EXTENSIONS = {".h", ".hpp", ".tcc"}
 SECRETS_FILES = ("secrets.yaml", "secrets.yml")
@@ -336,6 +356,7 @@ CONF_DISABLE_CRC = "disable_crc"
 CONF_DISABLED = "disabled"
 CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT = "disabled_by_default"
 CONF_DISCONNECT_DELAY = "disconnect_delay"
+CONF_DISCOVER_IP = "discover_ip"
 CONF_DISCOVERY = "discovery"
 CONF_DISCOVERY_OBJECT_ID_GENERATOR = "discovery_object_id_generator"
 CONF_DISCOVERY_PREFIX = "discovery_prefix"
@@ -373,6 +394,7 @@ CONF_ENABLE_PIN = "enable_pin"
 CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS = "enable_private_network_access"
 CONF_ENABLE_RRM = "enable_rrm"
 CONF_ENABLE_TIME = "enable_time"
+CONF_ENCRYPTION = "encryption"
 CONF_ENERGY = "energy"
 CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY = "entity_category"
 CONF_ENTITY_ID = "entity_id"
@@ -976,6 +998,7 @@ CONF_STEP_PIN = "step_pin"
 CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD = "still_threshold"
 CONF_STOP = "stop"
 CONF_STOP_ACTION = "stop_action"
+CONF_STORAGE = "storage"
 CONF_STORE_BASELINE = "store_baseline"
 CONF_SUBNET = "subnet"
 CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS = "subscribe_qos"
@@ -1236,6 +1259,7 @@ UNIT_KELVIN = "K"
 UNIT_KILOGRAM = "kg"
 UNIT_KILOMETER = "km"
 UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR = "km/h"
+UNIT_KILOPASCAL = "kPa"
 UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS = "kVA"
 UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_HOURS = "kVAh"
 UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE = "kvar"
@@ -1243,6 +1267,7 @@ UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE_HOURS = "kvarh"
 UNIT_KILOWATT = "kW"
 UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS = "kWh"
 UNIT_LITRE = "L"
+UNIT_LITRE_PER_HOUR = "L/h"
 UNIT_LITRE_PER_SECOND = "L/s"
 UNIT_LUX = "lx"
 UNIT_MEGAJOULE = "MJ"
@@ -1351,6 +1376,7 @@ DEVICE_CLASS_PRECIPITATION_INTENSITY = "precipitation_intensity"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PRESENCE = "presence"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE = "pressure"
 DEVICE_CLASS_PROBLEM = "problem"
+DEVICE_CLASS_RADON = "radon"
 DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_ENERGY = "reactive_energy"
 DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER = "reactive_power"
 DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART = "restart"
@@ -1406,6 +1432,14 @@ KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = "framework_version"
 KEY_NAME = "name"
 KEY_VARIANT = "variant"
 KEY_PAST_SAFE_MODE = "past_safe_mode"
+# esp32 storage keys; defined here so the upload/logs fast path
+# (storage_json.apply_to_core, espidf.toolchain) can use them without
+# importing the esp32 component package.
+KEY_ESP32 = "esp32"
+# Also used by esp8266 to index its BOARDS metadata dicts, whose
+# entries in boards.py spell the literal; do not change the value.
+KEY_FLASH_SIZE = "flash_size"
+KEY_IDF_VERSION = "idf_version"
 
 # Entity categories
 ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE = ""
diff --git a/esphome/core/__init__.py b/esphome/core/__init__.py
index 21ff7ef07c..77efc91bef 100644
--- a/esphome/core/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/core/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
 import math
 import os
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BUILD_PATH,
     CONF_COMMENT,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_ETHERNET,
@@ -19,13 +21,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
     Toolchain,
 )
@@ -52,6 +55,11 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Key for tracking controller count in CORE.data for ControllerRegistry StaticVector sizing
 KEY_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_COUNT = "controller_registry_count"
 
+# CORE.data key for the "is_rp2040 deprecation warning already fired this
+# run" flag. Mirrors the ``cv.only_on_rp2040`` dedupe pattern; cleared
+# between runs so each fresh invocation warns once.
+_IS_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY = "_core_is_rp2040_deprecated_warned"
+
 
 class EsphomeError(Exception):
     """General ESPHome exception occurred."""
@@ -273,25 +281,66 @@ class TimePeriodMinutes(TimePeriod):
     pass
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+class Version:
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+    patch: int
+    extra: str = ""
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.extra:
+            return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.patch}-{self.extra}"
+        return f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.patch}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value: str) -> "Version":
+        # The patch component is optional and defaults to 0, so "6.0" and
+        # "6.0-rc1" parse as 6.0.0 and 6.0.0-rc1.
+        match = re.match(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?[-.]?(\w*)$", value)
+        if match is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Not a valid version number {value}")
+        major = int(match[1])
+        minor = int(match[2])
+        patch = int(match[3] or 0)
+        extra = match[4] or ""
+        return Version(major=major, minor=minor, patch=patch, extra=extra)
+
+    @property
+    def is_beta(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this version is a beta version."""
+        return self.extra.startswith("b")
+
+    @property
+    def is_dev(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this version is a development version."""
+        return self.extra.startswith("dev")
+
+
 LAMBDA_PROG = re.compile(r"\bid\(\s*([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\s*\)(\.?)")
 
 
 class Lambda:
     def __init__(self, value):
-        from esphome.cpp_generator import Expression, statement
-
         # pylint: disable=protected-access
         if isinstance(value, Lambda):
             self._value = value._value
-        elif isinstance(value, Expression):
-            self._value = str(statement(value))
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            # The validated-config cache revives Lambdas from strings on the
+            # upload/logs fast path; keep codegen off that path.
+            self._value = value
         else:
+            from esphome.cpp_generator import Expression, statement
+
+            if isinstance(value, Expression):
+                value = str(statement(value))
             self._value = value
         self._parts = None
         self._requires_ids = None
 
     # https://stackoverflow.com/a/241506/229052
-    def comment_remover(self, text):
+    @staticmethod
+    def comment_remover(text):
         def replacer(match):
             s = match.group(0)
             if s.startswith("/"):
@@ -569,6 +618,9 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.build_path: Path | None = None
         # The validated configuration, this is None until the config has been validated
         self.config: ConfigType | None = None
+        # The raw configuration as read from YAML (after packages/substitutions),
+        # available during validation before the config is fully validated
+        self.raw_config: ConfigType | None = None
         # YAML frontmatter loaded from user YAML files. Frontmatter is a leading
         # YAML document separated by `---` from the actual configuration. It is
         # ignored by config validation and code generation, but kept here so it
@@ -591,6 +643,11 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.platformio_libraries: dict[str, Library] = {}
         # A set of build flags to set in the platformio project
         self.build_flags: set[str] = set()
+        # A map of CMake args to apply to build systems that use CMake.
+        self.cmake_args: dict[str, str] = {}
+        # A set of build flags that apply to C++ compiles only (CXXFLAGS /
+        # CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS), for flags GCC rejects or warns about on C
+        self.cxx_build_flags: set[str] = set()
         # A set of build unflags to set in the platformio project
         self.build_unflags: set[str] = set()
         # The C++ language standard for the build (e.g. "gnu++20"), set via cg.set_cpp_standard()
@@ -609,8 +666,8 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         # Key: platform name (e.g. "sensor", "binary_sensor"), Value: count
         self.platform_counts: defaultdict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
         # Track entity unique IDs to handle duplicates
-        # Dict mapping (device_id, platform, sanitized_name) -> entity metadata
-        self.unique_ids: dict[tuple[str, str, str], EntityMetadata] = {}
+        # Dict mapping (device_id, platform, name_hash) -> entity metadata
+        self.unique_ids: dict[tuple[str, str, int], EntityMetadata] = {}
         # Whether ESPHome was started in verbose mode
         self.verbose = False
         # Whether ESPHome was started in quiet mode
@@ -642,6 +699,7 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.config_path = None
         self.build_path = None
         self.config = None
+        self.raw_config = None
         self.frontmatter = {}
         self.event_loop = _FakeEventLoop()
         self.task_counter = 0
@@ -650,6 +708,8 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.global_statements = []
         self.platformio_libraries = {}
         self.build_flags = set()
+        self.cmake_args = {}
+        self.cxx_build_flags = set()
         self.build_unflags = set()
         self.cpp_standard = None
         self.defines = set()
@@ -718,12 +778,28 @@ class EsphomeCore:
 
         The hash is computed lazily and cached for performance.
         Uses sort_keys=True to ensure deterministic ordering.
+
+        The hash must be reproducible across machines so the device builder
+        can compare a locally computed hash against the one a device
+        advertises. Machine-local data is kept out of the input: build_path
+        (which embeds ESPHOME_BUILD_PATH and OS path separators) is excluded,
+        and Path values are dumped relative to the config directory.
         """
         if self._config_hash is None:
             from esphome import yaml_util
             from esphome.helpers import fnv1a_32bit_hash
 
-            config_str = yaml_util.dump(self.config, show_secrets=True, sort_keys=True)
+            config = dict(self.config)
+            if (esphome_conf := config.get(CONF_ESPHOME)) is not None:
+                esphome_conf = dict(esphome_conf)
+                esphome_conf.pop(CONF_BUILD_PATH, None)
+                config[CONF_ESPHOME] = esphome_conf
+            config_str = yaml_util.dump(
+                config,
+                show_secrets=True,
+                sort_keys=True,
+                relative_to=self.config_dir if self.config_path is not None else None,
+            )
             self._config_hash = fnv1a_32bit_hash(config_str)
         return self._config_hash
 
@@ -814,6 +890,11 @@ class EsphomeCore:
             return self.relative_build_path("build", "bootloader", "bootloader.bin")
         return self.relative_pioenvs_path(self.name, "bootloader.bin")
 
+    @property
+    def is_configured(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether anything has set this CORE up for a target."""
+        return KEY_CORE in self.data
+
     @property
     def target_platform(self):
         return self.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM]
@@ -826,9 +907,38 @@ class EsphomeCore:
     def is_esp32(self):
         return self.target_platform == PLATFORM_ESP32
 
+    @property
+    def is_rp2(self):
+        """Return True if the target platform is the RP2 chip family.
+
+        Canonical umbrella check covering RP2040, RP2350, and any future
+        RP2-series chip. Mirrors :attr:`is_esp32` for the ESP32 family.
+        For variant-specific gating (RP2040 vs RP2350), use
+        ``rp2.get_rp2040_variant()`` or ``rp2.only_on_variant(...)`` from
+        the rp2 component — variant detection doesn't belong on ``CORE``.
+        """
+        return self.target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2
+
     @property
     def is_rp2040(self):
-        return self.target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2040
+        """Deprecated: use :attr:`is_rp2` for the family check, or
+        ``rp2.get_rp2040_variant() == rp2.VARIANT_RP2040`` for the
+        variant-specific check. Kept as an alias since pre-RP2350
+        callers used it as a family check, identical to ``is_rp2``.
+
+        Scheduled for removal in 2027.7.0. Logs a one-shot deprecation
+        warning per run (deduped via ``self.data`` so repeated reads in
+        the same invocation don't spam) to match the parallel
+        ``cv.only_on_rp2040`` shim.
+        """
+        if not self.data.get(_IS_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY):
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "CORE.is_rp2040 is deprecated; use CORE.is_rp2 for the family "
+                "gate, or rp2.get_rp2040_variant() == rp2.VARIANT_RP2040 for "
+                "the variant-specific check. Removed in 2027.7.0."
+            )
+            self.data[_IS_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY] = True
+        return self.is_rp2
 
     @property
     def is_bk72xx(self):
@@ -874,6 +984,19 @@ class EsphomeCore:
     def using_toolchain_sdk_nrf(self):
         return self.toolchain == Toolchain.SDK_NRF
 
+    @property
+    def using_toolchain_arduino(self):
+        """The native ESP8266 Arduino build toolchain (unlike
+        ``using_arduino``, which is the target framework)."""
+        return self.toolchain == Toolchain.ARDUINO
+
+    @property
+    def using_native_toolchain(self):
+        """Whether the selected toolchain builds natively, without reading
+        ``platformio.ini`` (see ``NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS`` in ``esphome.const``;
+        keep its membership in sync with ``write_cpp_file``'s dispatch)."""
+        return self.toolchain in NATIVE_TOOLCHAINS
+
     @property
     def using_zephyr(self):
         return self.target_framework == "zephyr"
@@ -957,7 +1080,38 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         _LOGGER.debug("Adding build flag: %s", build_flag)
         return build_flag
 
+    def add_cmake_arg(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """Register a CMake variable for CMake-based toolchains.
+
+        The value must not contain whitespace or quotes (the PlatformIO
+        backend passes all args to CMake as a single space-joined string
+        of ``-DNAME=VALUE`` pairs) or ``$`` (expanded by CMake on the
+        ESP-IDF path but interpolated differently or passed through by
+        PlatformIO).
+        """
+        if not re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*", name):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid CMake arg name: {name!r}")
+        if re.search(r"[\s\"'$]", value):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"CMake arg {name} value {value!r} must not contain "
+                "whitespace, quotes, or '$'"
+            )
+        old = self.cmake_args.get(name)
+        if old is not None and old != value:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "CMake arg %s already set to %s; overwriting with %s", name, old, value
+            )
+        self.cmake_args[name] = value
+        _LOGGER.debug("Adding CMake arg: %s=%s", name, value)
+
+    def add_cxx_build_flag(self, build_flag: str) -> str:
+        self.cxx_build_flags.add(build_flag)
+        _LOGGER.debug("Adding C++ build flag: %s", build_flag)
+        return build_flag
+
     def add_build_unflag(self, build_unflag: str) -> None:
+        # No warning for using_toolchain_arduino: the native ESP8266 build
+        # honors build_unflags (token-level, matching PlatformIO).
         if self.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
             # The native ESP-IDF build generator does not consume build_unflags
             _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -981,10 +1135,14 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         _LOGGER.debug("Adding define: %s", define)
         return define
 
-    def add_platformio_option(self, key: str, value: str | list[str]) -> None:
+    def add_platformio_option(
+        self, key: str, value: str | list[str], *, replace: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set a platformio.ini option; list values append to an existing list
+        unless ``replace`` is True, which overwrites any existing value."""
         new_val = value
         old_val = self.platformio_options.get(key)
-        if isinstance(old_val, list):
+        if not replace and isinstance(old_val, list):
             assert isinstance(value, list)
             new_val = old_val + value
         self.platformio_options[key] = new_val
diff --git a/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
index 27c50ebb2a..f6130b7b78 100644
--- a/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
@@ -88,9 +88,17 @@ std::string str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...) {
 
 // --- Base64 helpers ---
 
-static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-                                            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-                                            "0123456789+/";
+// Map a 6-bit value (0-63) to its base64 character arithmetically.
+// No lookup table: a table would occupy RAM on ESP8266 (.rodata lives in DRAM there).
+static inline char base64_char(uint8_t index) {
+  if (index < 26)
+    return 'A' + index;
+  if (index < 52)
+    return 'a' + (index - 26);
+  if (index < 62)
+    return '0' + (index - 52);
+  return index == 62 ? '+' : '/';
+}
 
 // Encode 3 input bytes to 4 base64 characters, append 'count' to ret.
 static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std::string &ret) {
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std
   char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
 
   for (int j = 0; j < count; j++)
-    ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j])];
+    ret += base64_char(static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j]));
 }
 
 std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) { return base64_encode(buf.data(), buf.size()); }
@@ -144,7 +152,7 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string) {
 // --- Hex/binary formatting helpers ---
 
 std::string format_mac_address_pretty(const uint8_t *mac) {
-  char buf[18];
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
   return std::string(buf);
 }
@@ -206,9 +214,9 @@ std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
 // --- MAC address helpers ---
 
 std::string get_mac_address() {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-  char buf[13];
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(mac, buf);
   return std::string(buf);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 76af514511..a12cdc4ac8 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -612,6 +612,8 @@ class LoopBlockingGuard {
     uint32_t blocking_time = curr_time - App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     if (blocking_time > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS) [[unlikely]] {
       warn_blocking(blocking_time);
+      // Exclude synchronous warning-log time from the next operation.
+      curr_time = MillisInternal::get();
     }
 #endif
     return curr_time;
diff --git a/esphome/core/base_automation.h b/esphome/core/base_automation.h
index cf8b05a300..276b8aa972 100644
--- a/esphome/core/base_automation.h
+++ b/esphome/core/base_automation.h
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DelayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
           /* component= */ nullptr, Scheduler::SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, Scheduler::NameType::SELF_POINTER,
           /* static_name= */ reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this), /* hash_or_id= */ 0, this->delay_.value(),
           [this]() { this->play_next_(); },
-          /* is_retry= */ false, /* skip_cancel= */ this->num_running_ > 1,
+          /* skip_cancel= */ this->num_running_ > 1,
           // Record the owning script (if any) so the blocking warning can name it; propagates across
           // chained delays via the scheduler.
           /* source= */ App.get_current_source());
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DelayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
           /* component= */ nullptr, Scheduler::SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, Scheduler::NameType::SELF_POINTER,
           /* static_name= */ reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this), /* hash_or_id= */ 0, this->delay_.value(x...),
           std::move(f),
-          /* is_retry= */ false, /* skip_cancel= */ this->num_running_ > 1,
+          /* skip_cancel= */ this->num_running_ > 1,
           // See the no-argument branch above: record the owning script for log attribution.
           /* source= */ App.get_current_source());
     }
@@ -502,6 +502,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WaitUntilAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Co
 
   void stop() override {
     this->var_queue_.clear();
+    // Tell any process_queue_() call further down the stack that the items it is
+    // still holding were cancelled
+    this->stop_generation_++;
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 
@@ -511,33 +514,57 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WaitUntilAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Co
   }
 
  protected:
+  using QueueItem = std::tuple<uint32_t, optional<uint32_t>, std::tuple<Ts...>>;
+
   // Helper: Process queue, triggering completed items and removing them
   // Returns true if queue still has pending items
   bool process_queue_(uint32_t now) {
-    // Process each queued wait_until and remove completed ones
-    this->var_queue_.remove_if([&](auto &queued) {
-      auto start = std::get<uint32_t>(queued);
-      auto timeout = std::get<optional<uint32_t>>(queued);
-      auto &var = std::get<std::tuple<Ts...>>(queued);
+    // Completed items run the rest of the action chain synchronously, and that chain
+    // can re-enter this same action (e.g. a script with mode: restart that executes
+    // itself) and add to or clear var_queue_. Iterating the member list directly would
+    // then corrupt it, so move it aside and iterate a local list instead.
+    std::list<QueueItem> queue;
+    queue.swap(this->var_queue_);
+    std::list<QueueItem> pending;
+    while (!queue.empty()) {
+      auto it = queue.begin();
+      auto start = std::get<uint32_t>(*it);
+      auto timeout = std::get<optional<uint32_t>>(*it);
 
       // Check if timeout has expired
       auto expired = timeout && (now - start) >= *timeout;
 
       // Keep waiting if not expired and condition not met
-      if (!expired && !this->condition_->check_tuple(var)) {
-        return false;
+      if (!expired && !this->condition_->check_tuple(std::get<std::tuple<Ts...>>(*it))) {
+        pending.splice(pending.end(), queue, it);
+        continue;
       }
 
-      // Condition met or timed out - trigger next action
-      this->play_next_tuple_(var);
-      return true;
-    });
+      // Condition met or timed out - trigger the next action. Keep the item in a local
+      // holder so its arguments stay valid while the chain runs, without any nested
+      // process_queue_() call being able to see (and fire) it again.
+      std::list<QueueItem> completed;
+      completed.splice(completed.begin(), queue, it);
+      uint8_t generation = this->stop_generation_;
+      this->play_next_tuple_(std::get<std::tuple<Ts...>>(completed.front()));
+      if (generation != this->stop_generation_) {
+        // stop() ran inside the chain - the items still held locally were cancelled
+        pending.clear();
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Re-entrant continuations may have enqueued new waits into var_queue_; put the
+    // older still-waiting items back in front of them to keep FIFO firing order
+    this->var_queue_.splice(this->var_queue_.begin(), pending);
 
     return !this->var_queue_.empty();
   }
 
   Condition<Ts...> *condition_;
-  std::list<std::tuple<uint32_t, optional<uint32_t>, std::tuple<Ts...>>> var_queue_{};
+  std::list<QueueItem> var_queue_{};
+  // Bumped by stop() so process_queue_() can detect a stop from inside play_next_tuple_()
+  uint8_t stop_generation_{0};
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class UpdateComponentAction : public Action<Ts...> {
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 281d7aaecd..e5fbb8ba07 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -93,36 +93,6 @@ bool Component::cancel_interval(const char *name) {  // NOLINT
   return App.scheduler.cancel_interval(this, name);
 }
 
-void Component::set_retry(const std::string &name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                          std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f, float backoff_increase_factor) {  // NOLINT
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  App.scheduler.set_retry(this, name, initial_wait_time, max_attempts, std::move(f), backoff_increase_factor);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
-
-void Component::set_retry(const char *name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                          std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f, float backoff_increase_factor) {  // NOLINT
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  App.scheduler.set_retry(this, name, initial_wait_time, max_attempts, std::move(f), backoff_increase_factor);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
-
-bool Component::cancel_retry(const std::string &name) {  // NOLINT
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  return App.scheduler.cancel_retry(this, name);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
-
-bool Component::cancel_retry(const char *name) {  // NOLINT
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  return App.scheduler.cancel_retry(this, name);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
-
 void Component::set_timeout(const char *name, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&f) {  // NOLINT
   App.scheduler.set_timeout(this, name, timeout, std::move(f));
 }
@@ -156,21 +126,6 @@ void Component::set_interval(InternalSchedulerID id, uint32_t interval, std::fun
 
 bool Component::cancel_interval(InternalSchedulerID id) { return App.scheduler.cancel_interval(this, id); }
 
-void Component::set_retry(uint32_t id, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                          std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f, float backoff_increase_factor) {  // NOLINT
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  App.scheduler.set_retry(this, id, initial_wait_time, max_attempts, std::move(f), backoff_increase_factor);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
-
-bool Component::cancel_retry(uint32_t id) {
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  return App.scheduler.cancel_retry(this, id);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
-
 void Component::call_setup() { this->setup(); }
 void Component::call_dump_config_() {
   this->dump_config();
@@ -307,13 +262,6 @@ void Component::set_timeout(uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&f) {  // N
 void Component::set_interval(uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> &&f) {  // NOLINT
   App.scheduler.set_interval(this, static_cast<const char *>(nullptr), interval, std::move(f));
 }
-void Component::set_retry(uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts, std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f,
-                          float backoff_increase_factor) {  // NOLINT
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  App.scheduler.set_retry(this, "", initial_wait_time, max_attempts, std::move(f), backoff_increase_factor);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-}
 bool Component::is_ready() const {
   // Bitmask check: valid states are SETUP(1), LOOP(2), LOOP_DONE(4)
   // (1 << state) & 0b10110 checks membership in one instruction
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 70a051ca0b..ecaf863ecf 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -96,8 +96,6 @@ inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_HAS_LOOP = 0x20;
 // decide whether to propagate clears to App.app_state_. Never set on a
 // Component's component_state_.
 inline constexpr uint8_t APP_STATE_SETUP_COMPLETE = 0x40;
-// Remove before 2026.8.0
-enum class RetryResult { DONE, RETRY };
 
 inline constexpr uint8_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_CS = 5U;  // 50ms in centiseconds (1cs = 10ms)
 
@@ -410,41 +408,6 @@ class Component {
   bool cancel_interval(uint32_t id);             // NOLINT
   bool cancel_interval(InternalSchedulerID id);  // NOLINT
 
-  /// @deprecated set_retry is deprecated. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead. Removed in 2026.8.0.
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(const std::string &name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,       // NOLINT
-                 std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f, float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);  // NOLINT
-
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(const char *name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,              // NOLINT
-                 std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f, float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);  // NOLINT
-
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(uint32_t id, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,                   // NOLINT
-                 std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f, float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);  // NOLINT
-
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts, std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> &&f,  // NOLINT
-                 float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);                                                      // NOLINT
-
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
-  bool cancel_retry(const std::string &name);  // NOLINT
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
-  bool cancel_retry(const char *name);  // NOLINT
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
-  bool cancel_retry(uint32_t id);  // NOLINT
-
   /** Set a timeout function with a const char* name.
    *
    * Similar to javascript's setTimeout(). Empty name means no cancelling possible.
diff --git a/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp b/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
index f4d3c05e19..3a497db741 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
@@ -22,23 +22,23 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance_platform_() {
   this->at_ = 0;
 }
 
-void ComponentIterator::advance() {
+bool ComponentIterator::advance_step_() {
   switch (this->state_) {
     case IteratorState::NONE:
       // not started
-      return;
+      return false;
     case IteratorState::BEGIN:
       if (this->on_begin()) {
         advance_platform_();
+        return true;
       }
-      break;
+      return false;
 
 // Entity iterator cases (generated from entity_types.h)
 // NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 #define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
   case IteratorState::upper: \
-    this->process_platform_item_(App.get_##plural(), &ComponentIterator::on_##singular); \
-    break;
+    return this->process_platform_item_(App.get_##plural(), &ComponentIterator::on_##singular);
 #define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
   ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
 #include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
@@ -48,26 +48,29 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
     case IteratorState::SERVICE:
-      this->process_platform_item_(api::global_api_server->get_user_services(), &ComponentIterator::on_service);
-      break;
+      return this->process_platform_item_(api::global_api_server->get_user_services(), &ComponentIterator::on_service);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
     case IteratorState::CAMERA: {
       camera::Camera *camera_instance = camera::Camera::instance();
-      if (camera_instance != nullptr && (!camera_instance->is_internal() || this->include_internal_)) {
-        this->on_camera(camera_instance);
+      if (camera_instance != nullptr && (!camera_instance->is_internal() || this->include_internal_) &&
+          !this->on_camera(camera_instance)) {
+        return false;
       }
       advance_platform_();
-    } break;
+      return true;
+    }
 #endif
 
     case IteratorState::MAX:
       if (this->on_end()) {
         this->state_ = IteratorState::NONE;
+        return true;
       }
-      return;
+      return false;
   }
+  return false;
 }
 
 bool ComponentIterator::on_end() { return true; }
diff --git a/esphome/core/component_iterator.h b/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
index d271fcfed0..fac09e9e14 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
@@ -30,7 +30,23 @@ class RadioFrequency;
 class ComponentIterator {
  public:
   void begin(bool include_internal = false);
-  void advance();
+  /// Run up to max_steps iteration steps; stops early when iteration
+  /// completes or a callback refuses (that step is retried on the next
+  /// call). Inline so an idle (completed) iterator costs one compare, no call.
+  ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE void try_advance(size_t max_steps) {
+    size_t steps = 0;
+    while (steps < max_steps && !this->completed()) {
+      this->yield_requested_ = false;
+      if (!this->advance_step_())
+        break;
+      steps++;
+      if (this->yield_requested_)
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  // Remove before 2027.3.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use try_advance() instead. Removed in 2027.3.0", "2026.8.1")
+  void advance() { this->try_advance(1); }
   bool completed() const { return this->state_ == IteratorState::NONE; }
   virtual bool on_begin();
 // Pure virtual entity callbacks (generated from entity_types.h)
@@ -73,23 +89,34 @@ class ComponentIterator {
 #endif
     MAX,
   };
+  /// End the current try_advance() pass after this step; lets callbacks
+  /// that write directly to the socket cap direct writes per pass.
+  void yield_after_step_() { this->yield_requested_ = true; }
+
   uint16_t at_{0};  // Supports up to 65,535 entities per type
   IteratorState state_{IteratorState::NONE};
-  bool include_internal_{false};
+  bool yield_requested_ : 1 {false};
+  bool include_internal_ : 1 {false};
 
   template<typename Container>
-  void process_platform_item_(const Container &items,
+  bool process_platform_item_(const Container &items,
                               bool (ComponentIterator::*on_item)(typename Container::value_type)) {
     if (this->at_ >= items.size()) {
       this->advance_platform_();
-    } else {
-      typename Container::value_type item = items[this->at_];
-      if ((item->is_internal() && !this->include_internal_) || (this->*on_item)(item)) {
-        this->at_++;
-      }
+      return true;
     }
+    typename Container::value_type item = items[this->at_];
+    if ((item->is_internal() && !this->include_internal_) || (this->*on_item)(item)) {
+      this->at_++;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
   }
 
+  /// One iteration step; false if no progress was made (callback refused
+  /// or iterator not running).
+  bool advance_step_();
+
   void advance_platform_();
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 0670fde0ff..472ca64c9a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -284,14 +284,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_COMMENT): cv.All(
                 cv.string, cv.ByteLength(max=COMMENT_MAX_LEN)
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_BUILD_PATH): cv.string,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PLATFORMIO_OPTIONS, default={}): cv.Schema(
+            cv.Required(CONF_BUILD_PATH, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY): cv.string,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_PLATFORMIO_OPTIONS,
+                default={},
+                visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY,
+            ): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.string_strict: cv.Any([cv.string], cv.string),
                 }
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_BUILD_FLAGS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES, default={}): cv.Schema(
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_BUILD_FLAGS, default=[], visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES,
+                default={},
+                visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY,
+            ): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.string_strict: cv.string,
                 }
@@ -313,12 +323,20 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(LoopTrigger),
                 }
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INCLUDES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(valid_include),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_INCLUDES_C, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(valid_include),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_LIBRARIES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_INCLUDES, default=[], visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.ensure_list(valid_include),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_INCLUDES_C, default=[], visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.ensure_list(valid_include),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_LIBRARIES, default=[], visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
             cv.Optional(CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_MERGE_WARNINGS, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_SCHEDULER, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DEBUG_SCHEDULER, default=False, visibility=cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+            ): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_PROJECT): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.All(
@@ -338,11 +356,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     ),
                 }
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_VERSION, default=ESPHOME_VERSION): cv.All(
-                cv.version_number, cv.validate_esphome_version
-            ),
             cv.Optional(
-                CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT, default=_compile_process_limit_default
+                CONF_MIN_VERSION,
+                default=ESPHOME_VERSION,
+                visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED,
+            ): cv.All(cv.version_number, cv.validate_esphome_version),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT,
+                default=_compile_process_limit_default,
+                visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED,
             ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=get_usable_cpu_count()),
             cv.Optional(CONF_AREAS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(AREA_SCHEMA),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(DEVICE_SCHEMA),
@@ -520,8 +542,10 @@ def _add_library_str(lib: str) -> None:
     if "@" in lib:
         name, vers = lib.split("@", 1)
         cg.add_library(name, vers)
-    elif "://" in lib:
-        # Repository...
+    elif "://" in lib or lib.split("=", 1)[-1].startswith("file:"):
+        # A repository or URL source. Also catch a ``file:`` source spelled with
+        # fewer than two slashes (e.g. ``file:lib_dev``) so it reaches the
+        # file:// handling and its clear error, rather than a registry lookup.
         if "=" in lib:
             name, repo = lib.split("=", 1)
             cg.add_library(name, None, repo)
@@ -531,12 +555,24 @@ def _add_library_str(lib: str) -> None:
         cg.add_library(lib, None)
 
 
+# platformio_options keys the native ESP8266 Arduino generator (a later PR
+# in this chain) will honor; its ignored-option warning will consume the same
+# list so the two cannot drift
+NATIVE_ARDUINO_PIO_OPTIONS = frozenset({"board_build.f_cpu", "board_build.ldscript"})
+# The full set that survives into CORE.platformio_options under the native
+# arduino toolchain: lib_ignore is the only specially-translated key below
+# that is stored rather than translated away. Consumed by the esp8266 native
+# backend (later in this chain) for its ignored-option warning; defined here
+# so it stays adjacent to the routing.
+NATIVE_ARDUINO_CONSUMED_PIO_OPTIONS = NATIVE_ARDUINO_PIO_OPTIONS | {"lib_ignore"}
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def _add_platformio_options(pio_options: dict[str, str | list[str]]) -> None:
-    if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
-        # The native ESP-IDF build doesn't read platformio.ini; honor the
-        # options with a native equivalent and warn about the rest, which
-        # would otherwise be silently ignored.
+    if CORE.using_native_toolchain:
+        # The native builds don't read platformio.ini; honor the options
+        # with a native equivalent and warn about the rest, which would
+        # otherwise be silently ignored.
         for key, val in pio_options.items():
             vals = [val] if isinstance(val, str) else val
             if key == CONF_BUILD_FLAGS:
@@ -549,23 +585,41 @@ async def _add_platformio_options(pio_options: dict[str, str | list[str]]) -> No
                 )
                 for flag in vals:
                     cg.add_build_flag(flag)
+            elif key == "build_unflags":
+                # Native equivalent: add_build_unflag (honored token-level by
+                # the arduino generator; the IDF generator warns there)
+                for flag in vals:
+                    CORE.add_build_unflag(flag)
             elif key == "lib_deps":
-                # Routed through the regular library mechanism so the libraries
-                # are converted to IDF components like any other PIO library
+                # Routed through the regular library mechanism so the
+                # libraries reach the native backend's converter (IDF
+                # components, or the ESP8266 native library resolution)
                 for lib in vals:
                     _add_library_str(lib)
             elif key == "lib_ignore":
-                # Read by the PIO-library-to-IDF-component conversion
-                # (generate_idf_components); filters both top-level libraries
-                # and dependencies discovered during conversion
+                # Read by the shared library conversion (lib_ignore_set in
+                # platformio/library.py); filters top-level libraries and
+                # discovered dependencies
                 cg.add_platformio_option(key, vals)
+            elif (
+                key in NATIVE_ARDUINO_PIO_OPTIONS
+                and CORE.using_toolchain_arduino
+                and vals
+            ):
+                # The esp8266 native generator reads these as scalars; the
+                # schema also permits the list form, where the last value
+                # wins like a later platformio.ini line (an empty list falls
+                # through to the ignored-option warning). Other native
+                # toolchains have no equivalent and fall through too.
+                cg.add_platformio_option(key, vals[-1])
             elif key != "upload_speed":
                 # upload_speed needs no handling: it is read from the raw
                 # config at upload time (upload_using_esptool)
                 _LOGGER.warning(
                     "esphome->platformio_options->%s is ignored when building with "
-                    "the native ESP-IDF toolchain",
+                    "the native '%s' toolchain",
                     key,
+                    CORE.toolchain.value,
                 )
         return
     # Add includes at the very end, so that they override everything
@@ -723,6 +777,15 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-unused-variable")
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-unused-but-set-variable")
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-sign-compare")
+    # C++20 deprecated ++/--, compound assignment, and chained assignment on
+    # volatile lvalues; GCC warns via -Wvolatile, on by default at gnu++20.
+    # C++23 (P2327R1) removed the deprecation for compound assignment, so the
+    # warning flags patterns that are valid again under newer standards.
+    # C++-only flag: GCC warns when it is passed on a C compile, hence
+    # add_cxx_build_flag. Skipped for host builds, where the compiler may be
+    # clang, which does not know this GCC option.
+    if not CORE.is_host:
+        cg.add_cxx_build_flag("-Wno-volatile")
     if config[CONF_DEBUG_SCHEDULER]:
         cg.add_define("ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER")
 
@@ -859,8 +922,8 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         "wake/wake_esp8266.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
         },
-        "wake/wake_rp2040.cpp": {
-            PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO,
+        "wake/wake_rp2.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
         },
         "wake/wake_host.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE,
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 7e8bc28008..b7f8f91e70 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
 
 // Threading model for static analysis. Match what the real codegen picks per
 // platform (see esphome/components/<platform>/__init__.py ThreadModel.*):
-//   USE_ESP8266 / USE_RP2040 / USE_NRF52 → SINGLE
+//   USE_ESP8266 / USE_RP2 / USE_NRF52 → SINGLE
 //   USE_BK72XX (ARMv5TE, no LDREX/STREX) → MULTI_NO_ATOMICS
 //   everything else (ESP32, host, RTL87XX, LN882X) → MULTI_ATOMICS
 // Without this the clang-tidy envs end up with USE_<single-threaded platform>
 // + MULTI_ATOMICS simultaneously, a combination that can never occur in a
 // real build.
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_NRF52)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_NRF52)
 #define ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
 #elif defined(USE_BK72XX)
 #define ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@
 #define USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 #define USE_AREAS
 #define USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+#define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
 #define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
+#define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER
+#define USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK
 #define USE_BUTTON
 #define USE_CAMERA
 #define USE_CLIMATE
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@
 #define USE_DATETIME_TIME
 #define USE_DEBUG
 #define USE_DEEP_SLEEP
+#define USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE
 #define USE_DEVICES
 #define USE_DISPLAY
 #define USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@
 #define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_EVENT
 #define USE_FAN
+#define USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT
 #define USE_GPIO_SWITCH_INTERLOCK
 #define USE_GRAPH
 #define USE_GRAPHICAL_DISPLAY_MENU
@@ -89,6 +94,7 @@
 #define USE_LOGGER_LEVEL_LISTENERS
 #define USE_LOGGER_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS
 #define USE_LVGL
+#define USE_LVGL_ANIMATION
 #define USE_LVGL_ANIMIMG
 #define USE_LVGL_ARC
 #define USE_LVGL_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -135,6 +141,8 @@
 #define USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
 #define USE_MEDIA_SOURCE
 #define USE_NETWORK
+#define USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE
+#define USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI
 #define USE_NEXTION_COMMAND_SPACING
 #define USE_NEXTION_CONF_START_UP_PAGE
 #define USE_NEXTION_CONFIG_EXIT_REPARSE_ON_START
@@ -148,11 +156,24 @@
 #define USE_NEXTION_TRIGGER_CUSTOM_TEXT_SENSOR
 #define USE_NEXTION_WAVEFORM
 #define USE_NUMBER
+#define USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 #define USE_OUTPUT
 #define USE_OUTPUT_FLOAT_POWER_SCALING
 #define USE_POWER_SUPPLY
-#define USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
+// Only defined by key-lookup preference backends; the slot-based platforms
+// (esp8266, rp2040) never set it in generated builds, and their preferences
+// managers do not provide load_from_key(), so the PreferencesKeyLookupContract
+// assert would fail their clang-tidy environments. Written as a deny-list so
+// the no-platform analysis configuration (whose Preferences stub provides
+// load_from_key()) keeps covering the key-lookup code paths, and so a future
+// slot-based platform fails the assert loudly instead of silently losing
+// analysis coverage.
+#if !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2)
+#define USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
+#endif
+#define USE_PROVISIONING
 #define USE_QR_CODE
+#define USE_SAFE_MODE_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN
 #define USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
 #define ESPHOME_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK_COUNT 1
 #define USE_SELECT
@@ -167,10 +188,12 @@
 #define USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 #define USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 #define USE_TIME
+#define USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
 #define USE_TOUCHSCREEN
 #define USE_UART_DEBUGGER
 #define USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 #define USE_UPDATE
+#define USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP
 #define USE_VALVE
 #define USE_WATER_HEATER
 #define USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES
@@ -201,9 +224,13 @@
 #define API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE 8
 #define MAX_API_CONNECTIONS 6
 #define USE_MD5
+#define USE_NOISE
 #define USE_SHA256
+#ifndef USE_RP2  // no MQTT backend or esp_wireguard library on RP2
 #define USE_MQTT
 #define USE_MQTT_COVER_JSON
+#define USE_WIREGUARD
+#endif
 #define USE_RTTTL_FINISHED_PLAYBACK_CALLBACK
 #define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
 #define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
@@ -211,13 +238,11 @@
 #define USE_RUNTIME_STATS
 #define USE_OTA
 #define USE_OTA_PASSWORD
-#define USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
 #define USE_OTA_VERSION 2
 #define USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
 #define USE_WIFI
 #define USE_WIFI_AP
 #define USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-#define USE_WIREGUARD
 #endif
 
 // Arduino-specific feature flags
@@ -227,26 +252,63 @@
 #endif
 
 // Platforms with native 64-bit time sources (no rollover tracking needed)
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_RP2)
 #define USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
 #endif
 
+// bluetooth_proxy runs on any platform with a BLE hub (advertisement-only off
+// esp32). Declared here per analysis ENVIRONMENT, not per hub platform —
+// USE_LIBRETINY also covers chips with no hub, e.g. rtl87xx (the authoritative
+// gate is _HUB_PLATFORMS in bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py) — so the neutral
+// declarations in bluetooth_proxy.h are parsed under LibreTiny static analysis
+// (the header is included by api_connection.cpp, which the tidy filter selects;
+// the proxy's own .cpp is not a selected translation unit). Not declared for
+// platforms whose API/network types the proxy header cannot assume.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2)
+#define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+// Mirror the codegen values per platform: _to_code_esp32() emits the connection
+// count (default 3) and the scanner-state push slot, _to_code_ble_hub() emits
+// the slot count (3 on rp2, 0 on advertisement-only hubs) — so static analysis
+// checks the same instantiations a real build produces.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#define USE_BLE_SCANNER_STATE_CALLBACK
+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
+#define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
+#define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
+#else
+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 0
+#endif
+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE 16
+#endif
+
 // ESP32-specific feature flags
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #define USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+#define USE_ESP32_INTERNAL_GPIO
 #define USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 768
 #define USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
 #define USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION
+#define USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY
+// Stub values for tooling; a real build's codegen emits these from verification_keys.
+#define OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_COUNT 1
+#define OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_DIGESTS \
+  { \
+    { 0 } \
+  }
+#define USE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION
 #define USE_ESP32_MIN_CHIP_REVISION_SET
+#define USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES
 #define USE_ESP32_SRAM1_AS_IRAM
+#define USE_ESPNOW
+#define USE_ESPNOW_MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE 1470
 
-#define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
-#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE 16
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_ESP32_LOG_V2
+#define USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_CLIENT
@@ -261,8 +323,12 @@
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_DESCRIPTOR_ON_WRITE
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_ON_CONNECT
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_ON_DISCONNECT
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER
+#define USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT 1
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 2
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_SCAN_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTC_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 1
@@ -290,17 +356,21 @@
 #define USE_SPEAKER
 #define USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
 #define USE_SPI
+#define USE_SPI_PSRAM_DMA
 #define USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 #define USE_WEBSERVER
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
+#define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_PORT 80  // NOLINT
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_SORTING
+#define USE_WEBSERVER_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
 #define WEB_SERVER_DEFAULT_HEADERS_COUNT 1
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
 #define USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
 #define USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT
+#define USE_WIFI_FAST_CONNECT_IN_FLASH
 #define USE_WIFI_PHY_MODE
 #define USE_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
 #define USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LISTENERS
@@ -338,6 +408,7 @@
 #define USE_ETHERNET_W6100
 #define USE_ETHERNET_W6300
 #define USE_ETHERNET_DM9051
+#define USE_ETHERNET_CH390
 #define CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_W5500 1
 #define CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_DM9051 1
 #define CONFIG_ETH_USE_ESP32_EMAC 1
@@ -379,6 +450,7 @@
 #define USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
 #define USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE VERSION_CODE(3, 1, 2)
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+#define USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK
 #define USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL
 #define USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL1
 #define USE_ESP8266_PREFERENCES_FLASH
@@ -401,17 +473,27 @@
 
 #define USE_WEBSERVER
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
+#define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_PORT 80  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-#define USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE VERSION_CODE(3, 3, 0)
-#define USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+// USE_RP2 is the canonical platform define for the RP2 chip family. The
+// rp2/__init__.py codegen also defines USE_RP2040 as a back-compat alias
+// for external custom components that may still test for it.
+#ifdef USE_RP2
+#define USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE VERSION_CODE(6, 0, 0)
+#define USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
 #define USE_I2C
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
 #define USE_RP2040_BLE
+#define USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER
+#define RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+#define USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT 3
 #define USE_RP2040_VARIANT_RP2040
 #define USE_SPI
 #ifndef USE_ETHERNET
@@ -420,14 +502,35 @@
 #ifndef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #define USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #endif
+#define USE_ETHERNET_W5500
+#define USE_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
+#define ESPHOME_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS 2
+#define USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
+#define ESPHOME_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS 2
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+#define USE_BK72XX_BLE
+#define BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define USE_LN882H_BLE
+#define LN882H_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+// One tracker arm per build: ln882x gets its real hub; bk72xx also stands in
+// for hub-less LibreTiny chips (rtl87xx) so bluetooth_proxy.h has a BLEHub
+// to parse against.
+#ifdef USE_LN882X
+#define USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER
+#else
+#define USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER
+#endif
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+#define USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
 #define USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #define USE_WEBSERVER
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
+#define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_PORT 80  // NOLINT
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 768
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 32135860bb..21a5fc3706 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -80,24 +80,6 @@ const char *EntityBase::get_device_class_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP8266
-// Deprecated device class accessors — not available on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM)
-StringRef EntityBase::get_device_class_ref() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
-  return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
-#else
-  return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-std::string EntityBase::get_device_class() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
-  return std::string(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
-#else
-  return std::string(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-#endif  // !USE_ESP8266
-
 // Entity unit of measurement (from index)
 StringRef EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
@@ -106,10 +88,6 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
   return StringRef(entity_uom_lookup(0));
 #endif
 }
-std::string EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement() const {
-  return std::string(this->get_unit_of_measurement_ref().c_str());
-}
-
 // Entity icon — buffer-based API for PROGMEM safety on ESP8266
 const char *EntityBase::get_icon_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -129,24 +107,6 @@ const char *EntityBase::get_icon_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LE
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP8266
-// Deprecated icon accessors — not available on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM)
-StringRef EntityBase::get_icon_ref() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
-#else
-  return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-std::string EntityBase::get_icon() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  return std::string(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
-#else
-  return std::string(entity_icon_lookup(0));
-#endif
-}
-#endif  // !USE_ESP8266
-
 // Calculate Object ID Hash directly from name using snake_case + sanitize
 void EntityBase::calc_object_id_() {
   this->object_id_hash_ = fnv1_hash_object_id(this->name_.c_str(), this->name_.size());
@@ -166,41 +126,12 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_object_id_to(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN> buf) c
   return StringRef(buf.data(), len);
 }
 
-// Migrate preference data from old_key to new_key if they differ.
-// This helper is exposed so callers with custom key computation (like TextPrefs)
-// can use it for manual migration. See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-//
-// FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION:
-// This will require raw load/save methods on ESPPreferenceObject that take uint8_t* and size.
-//   void EntityBase::migrate_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t old_key, uint32_t new_key) {
-//     if (old_key == new_key)
-//       return;
-//     auto old_pref = global_preferences->make_preference(size, old_key);
-//     auto new_pref = global_preferences->make_preference(size, new_key);
-//     SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<64> buffer(size);
-//     if (old_pref.load(buffer.data(), size)) {
-//       new_pref.save(buffer.data(), size);
-//     }
-//   }
-
 ESPPreferenceObject EntityBase::make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version) {
-  // This helper centralizes preference creation to enable fixing hash collisions.
-  // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
-  //
-  // COLLISION PROBLEM: get_preference_hash() uses fnv1_hash on sanitized object_id.
-  // Multiple entity names can sanitize to the same object_id:
-  //   - "Living Room" and "living_room" both become "living_room"
-  //   - UTF-8 names like "温度" and "湿度" both become "__" (underscores)
-  // This causes entities to overwrite each other's stored preferences.
-  //
-  // FUTURE MIGRATION: When implementing get_preference_hash_v2() that hashes
-  // the original entity name (not sanitized object_id):
-  //
-  //   uint32_t old_key = this->get_preference_hash() ^ version;
-  //   uint32_t new_key = this->get_preference_hash_v2() ^ version;
-  //   this->migrate_entity_preference_(size, old_key, new_key);
-  //   return global_preferences->make_preference(size, new_key);
-  //
+  // The key hashes the sanitized object_id, so multiple entity names can collide on one
+  // key and overwrite each other's stored preferences ("Living Room" and "living_room",
+  // or two UTF-8 names that both sanitize to underscores). Keys hashed from the raw name
+  // fix this, but they change the entity key API clients track, which the Home Assistant
+  // esphome integration cannot handle yet. See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
   uint32_t key = this->get_preference_hash() ^ version;
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 4f708209d4..f38e30bf52 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -109,60 +109,14 @@ class EntityBase {
   // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
   const char *get_device_class_to(std::span<char, MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH> buffer) const;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // On ESP8266, rodata is RAM. Device classes are in PROGMEM and cannot be accessed
-  // directly as const char*. Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-  template<typename T = int> StringRef get_device_class_ref() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "get_device_class_ref() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). "
-                                  "Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return StringRef("");
-  }
-  template<typename T = int> std::string get_device_class() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "get_device_class() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). "
-                                  "Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return "";
-  }
-#else
-  // Deprecated: use get_device_class_to() instead. Device classes are in PROGMEM.
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  StringRef get_device_class_ref() const;
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_device_class() const;
-#endif
   // Get unit of measurement as StringRef (from packed index)
   StringRef get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const;
-  /// Get the unit of measurement as std::string (deprecated, prefer get_unit_of_measurement_ref())
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_unit_of_measurement_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be "
-                "removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0",
-                "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_unit_of_measurement() const;
 
   // Get this entity's icon into a stack buffer.
   // On ESP32: returns pointer to PROGMEM string directly (buffer unused).
   // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
   const char *get_icon_to(std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buffer) const;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // On ESP8266, rodata is RAM. Icons are in PROGMEM and cannot be accessed
-  // directly as const char*. Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-  template<typename T = int> StringRef get_icon_ref() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
-                  "get_icon_ref() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return StringRef("");
-  }
-  template<typename T = int> std::string get_icon() const {
-    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
-                  "get_icon() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer.");
-    return "";
-  }
-#else
-  // Deprecated: use get_icon_to() instead. Icons are in PROGMEM.
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_icon_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  StringRef get_icon_ref() const;
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_icon_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
-  std::string get_icon() const;
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   // Get this entity's device id
   uint32_t get_device_id() const {
@@ -240,7 +194,7 @@ class EntityBase {
 #endif
 
   /// Non-template helper for make_entity_preference() to avoid code bloat.
-  /// When preference hash algorithm changes, migration logic goes here.
+  /// When the preference hash algorithm changes, migration logic goes here.
   ESPPreferenceObject make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version);
 
   void calc_object_id_();
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index 38c7f3ca43..54e2551cb4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -25,7 +25,13 @@ from esphome.core.config import (
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawStatement, add, get_variable
 from esphome.cpp_types import App
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape, fnv1_hash_object_id, sanitize, snake_case
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    cpp_string_escape,
+    fnv1_hash,
+    fnv1_hash_object_id,
+    sanitize,
+    snake_case,
+)
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, EntityMetadata
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -556,8 +562,11 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
             entity_name, CORE.friendly_name, device_name
         )
 
-        # Check for duplicates
-        unique_key = (device_id, platform, name_key)
+        # Check for duplicates by the FNV-1 hash of the object_id, which is the entity
+        # key that routes state to API clients. This rejects names that sanitize to the
+        # same object_id, and also two different object_ids whose 32-bit hashes collide.
+        name_hash = fnv1_hash(name_key)
+        unique_key = (device_id, platform, name_hash)
         if unique_key in CORE.unique_ids:
             # Get the existing entity metadata
             existing = CORE.unique_ids[unique_key]
@@ -581,15 +590,26 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
             if existing_component != "unknown":
                 conflict_msg += f" from component '{existing_component}'"
 
-            # Show both original names and their ASCII-only versions if they differ
-            sanitized_msg = ""
+            # Distinguish names that sanitize to the same object_id from a genuine
+            # 32-bit hash collision between two different object_ids
+            collision_msg = ""
             if entity_name != existing_name:
-                sanitized_msg = (
-                    f"\n  Original names: '{entity_name}' and '{existing_name}'"
-                    f"\n  Both convert to ASCII ID: '{name_key}'"
-                    "\n  To fix: Add unique ASCII characters (e.g., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B')"
-                    "\n          to distinguish them"
+                existing_object_id = get_base_entity_object_id(
+                    existing_name, CORE.friendly_name, existing_device or None
                 )
+                if existing_object_id == name_key:
+                    collision_msg = (
+                        f"\n  Original names: '{entity_name}' and '{existing_name}'"
+                        f"\n  Both convert to ASCII ID: '{name_key}'"
+                        "\n  To fix: Add unique ASCII characters (e.g., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B')"
+                        "\n          to distinguish them"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    collision_msg = (
+                        f"\n  The object_ids '{name_key}' and '{existing_object_id}'"
+                        f"\n  produce the same entity key hash ({name_hash:#010x})."
+                        "\n  To fix: Rename one of the entities"
+                    )
 
             # Skip duplicate entity name validation when testing_mode is enabled
             # This flag is used for grouped component testing
@@ -598,7 +618,7 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
                     f"Duplicate {platform} entity with name '{entity_name}' found{device_prefix}. "
                     f"{conflict_msg}. "
                     "Each entity on a device must have a unique name within its platform."
-                    f"{sanitized_msg}"
+                    f"{collision_msg}"
                 )
 
         # Store metadata about this entity
diff --git a/esphome/core/event_pool.h b/esphome/core/event_pool.h
index ee8e81225a..b53b8064a3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/event_pool.h
+++ b/esphome/core/event_pool.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_HOST)
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstddef>
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 namespace esphome {
 
 // Event Pool - On-demand pool of objects to avoid heap fragmentation
-// Events are allocated on first use and reused thereafter, growing to peak usage
+// Events are allocated on first use and reused thereafter, growing to peak
+// usage; warm() pre-creates every entry up front for malloc-free producers
 // @tparam T The type of objects managed by the pool (must have a release() method)
-// @tparam SIZE The maximum number of objects in the pool (1-255, limited by uint8_t)
+// @tparam SIZE The maximum number of objects in the pool (1-254, limited by uint8_t and the +1 free-list slot)
 //
 // SIZING: When paired with a LockFreeQueue<T, Q_SIZE>, the pool SIZE should be
 // Q_SIZE - 1 (the queue's actual capacity, since the ring buffer reserves one slot).
@@ -22,6 +23,11 @@ namespace esphome {
 //  - Avoids needing release() on the producer path after a failed push(),
 //    preserving the SPSC contract on the internal free list
 template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class EventPool {
+  // The free list ring must hold all SIZE objects at once (a fully drained
+  // pool), and LockFreeQueue reserves one slot — so it is sized SIZE + 1,
+  // which caps SIZE at 254.
+  static_assert(SIZE < 255, "EventPool SIZE must be at most 254");
+
  public:
   EventPool() : total_created_(0) {}
 
@@ -48,26 +54,8 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class EventPool {
     T *event = this->free_list_.pop();
     if (event != nullptr)
       return event;
-
     // Need to create a new event
-    if (this->total_created_ >= SIZE) {
-      // Pool is at capacity
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Use internal RAM for better performance
-    RAMAllocator<T> allocator(RAMAllocator<T>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-    event = allocator.allocate(1);
-
-    if (event == nullptr) {
-      // Memory allocation failed
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Placement new to construct the object
-    new (event) T();
-    this->total_created_++;
-    return event;
+    return this->create_();
   }
 
   // Return an event to the pool for reuse
@@ -79,11 +67,52 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class EventPool {
     }
   }
 
+  // Pre-create every pool entry so allocate() is always a free-list pop
+  // (for producers that must never malloc, e.g. IRQ-context handlers).
+  // Call from setup(); on false the heap could not supply every entry and
+  // the caller should mark_failed() — an incomplete warm puts malloc()
+  // back on the producer path. Tops the pool up from any quiescent state
+  // (entries that already exist are counted, not re-created); must not run
+  // concurrently with allocate()/release().
+  bool warm() {
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-unix.Malloc) -- ownership transfers to the free list
+    while (this->total_created_ < SIZE) {
+      T *event = this->create_();
+      if (event == nullptr)
+        return false;
+      this->free_list_.push(event);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
  private:
-  LockFreeQueue<T, SIZE> free_list_;  // Free events ready for reuse
-  uint8_t total_created_;             // Total events created (high water mark, max 255)
+  // Create and count one new object (shared by allocate() and warm()).
+  // Returns nullptr at capacity or when the heap is exhausted.
+  T *create_() {
+    if (this->total_created_ >= SIZE) {
+      // Pool is at capacity
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    // Use internal RAM for better performance
+    RAMAllocator<T> allocator(RAMAllocator<T>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    T *event = allocator.allocate(1);
+    if (event == nullptr) {
+      // Memory allocation failed
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    // Placement new to construct the object
+    new (event) T();
+    this->total_created_++;
+    return event;
+  }
+
+  // SIZE + 1 slots so all SIZE objects fit when the pool is fully drained
+  // (the ring reserves one slot); otherwise the last release() of a
+  // completely returned pool would drop, permanently orphaning one object.
+  LockFreeQueue<T, static_cast<uint8_t>(SIZE + 1)> free_list_;  // Free events ready for reuse
+  uint8_t total_created_;                                       // Total events created (high water mark, max 254)
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // defined(USE_ESP32)
+#endif  // defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_HOST)
diff --git a/esphome/core/hal.h b/esphome/core/hal.h
index b44a422836..4c5a19c6d1 100644
--- a/esphome/core/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/core/hal.h
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp8266/hal.h"
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #include "esphome/components/libretiny/hal.h"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/hal.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/hal.h"
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
 #include "esphome/components/host/hal.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index a7b63643a4..71e3c87e1e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -220,6 +220,39 @@ bool str_endswith_ignore_case(const char *str, size_t str_len, const char *suffi
   return strncasecmp(str + str_len - suffix_len, suffix, suffix_len) == 0;
 }
 
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+  const size_t needle_len = strlen(needle);
+  if (needle_len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (const char *p = haystack; *p != '\0'; p++) {
+    if (strncasecmp(p, needle, needle_len) == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+// _P mirror of str_contains_ignore_case_fallback above; host tests cover only the fallback,
+// so keep the two bodies in sync.
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_p(const char *haystack, PGM_P needle) {
+  if (haystack == nullptr || needle == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const size_t needle_len = strlen_P(needle);
+  if (needle_len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (const char *p = haystack; *p != '\0'; p++) {
+    if (strncasecmp_P(p, needle, needle_len) == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
+
 // str_truncate, str_until, str_lower_case, str_upper_case, str_snake_case moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 char *str_sanitize_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *str) {
   if (buffer_size == 0) {
@@ -335,6 +368,72 @@ char *format_hex_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_
   return format_hex_internal(buffer, buffer_size, data, length, 0, 'a');
 }
 
+const char *json_escape_into_buffer(std::span<char> buf, StringRef value, bool short_control_escapes) {
+  if (buf.empty())
+    return "";
+  // Reserve one byte for the null terminator.
+  const size_t limit = buf.size() - 1;
+  size_t pos = 0;
+  for (char ch : value) {
+    auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
+    // Every short form is a backslash followed by a single character, so only that character is needed here. Keeping
+    // it a char rather than a string avoids putting the sequences in read only data, which is RAM on the ESP8266.
+    char escape = '\0';
+    switch (c) {
+      case '"':
+        escape = '"';
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        escape = '\\';
+        break;
+      case '\n':
+        escape = 'n';
+        break;
+      case '\r':
+        escape = 'r';
+        break;
+      case '\t':
+        escape = 't';
+        break;
+      case '\b':
+        escape = 'b';
+        break;
+      case '\f':
+        escape = 'f';
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    // " and \ are always written as two characters, but the control characters fall through to \u00XX when the
+    // caller did not ask for the short forms.
+    if (!short_control_escapes && c < 0x20)
+      escape = '\0';
+    if (escape != '\0') {
+      if (pos + 2 > limit)
+        break;
+      buf[pos++] = '\\';
+      buf[pos++] = escape;
+    } else if (c < 0x20) {
+      // Remaining control characters have no short form and must be written as \u00XX. The value is below 0x20, so
+      // the two high hex digits are always zero.
+      if (pos + JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION > limit)
+        break;
+      buf[pos++] = '\\';
+      buf[pos++] = 'u';
+      buf[pos++] = '0';
+      buf[pos++] = '0';
+      buf[pos++] = format_hex_char(static_cast<uint8_t>(c >> 4));
+      buf[pos++] = format_hex_char(static_cast<uint8_t>(c & 0x0F));
+    } else {
+      if (pos + 1 > limit)
+        break;
+      buf[pos++] = static_cast<char>(c);
+    }
+  }
+  buf[pos] = '\0';
+  return buf.data();
+}
+
 // format_hex (std::string returning overloads) moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 char *format_hex_pretty_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator) {
@@ -513,13 +612,8 @@ int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step) {
   return str.length() - dot_pos - 1;
 }
 
-// Use C-style string constant to store in ROM instead of RAM (saves 24 bytes)
-static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-                                            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-                                            "0123456789+/";
-
-// Helper function to find the index of a base64/base64url character in the lookup table.
-// Returns the character's position (0-63) if found, or 0 if not found.
+// Map a base64/base64url character to its 6-bit value (0-63) arithmetically.
+// No lookup table: a table would occupy RAM on ESP8266 (.rodata lives in DRAM there).
 // Supports both standard base64 (+/) and base64url (-_) alphabets.
 // NOTE: This returns 0 for both 'A' (valid base64 char at index 0) and invalid characters.
 // This is safe because is_base64() is ALWAYS checked before calling this function,
@@ -527,13 +621,18 @@ static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
 // stops processing at the first invalid character due to the is_base64() check in its
 // while loop condition, making this edge case harmless in practice.
 static inline uint8_t base64_find_char(char c) {
-  // Handle base64url variants: '-' maps to '+' (index 62), '_' maps to '/' (index 63)
-  if (c == '-')
+  if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+    return c - 'A';
+  if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+    return c - 'a' + 26;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+    return c - '0' + 52;
+  // base64url variants: '-' maps to '+' (index 62), '_' maps to '/' (index 63)
+  if (c == '+' || c == '-')
     return 62;
-  if (c == '_')
+  if (c == '/' || c == '_')
     return 63;
-  const char *pos = strchr(BASE64_CHARS, c);
-  return pos ? (pos - BASE64_CHARS) : 0;
+  return 0;
 }
 
 // Check if character is valid base64 or base64url
@@ -644,23 +743,6 @@ bool base64_decode_int32_vector(const std::string &base64, std::vector<int32_t>
 
 // Colors
 
-float gamma_correct(float value, float gamma) {
-  if (value <= 0.0f)
-    return 0.0f;
-  if (gamma <= 0.0f)
-    return value;
-
-  return powf(value, gamma);  // NOLINT - deprecated, removal 2026.9.0
-}
-float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma) {
-  if (value <= 0.0f)
-    return 0.0f;
-  if (gamma <= 0.0f)
-    return value;
-
-  return powf(value, 1 / gamma);  // NOLINT - deprecated, removal 2026.9.0
-}
-
 void rgb_to_hsv(float red, float green, float blue, int &hue, float &saturation, float &value) {
   float max_color_value = std::max({red, green, blue});
   float min_color_value = std::min({red, green, blue});
@@ -742,13 +824,13 @@ void HighFrequencyLoopRequester::stop() {
 // get_mac_address, get_mac_address_pretty moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 void get_mac_address_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(mac, buf.data());
 }
 
 const char *get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
+  uint8_t mac[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf.data());
   return buf.data();
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 07bcb7a74f..9fdc088ecb 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 #include <pgmspace.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -184,8 +184,15 @@ template<size_t InlineSize = 8> class SmallInlineBuffer {
   SmallInlineBuffer(const SmallInlineBuffer &) = delete;
   SmallInlineBuffer &operator=(const SmallInlineBuffer &) = delete;
 
-  /// Set buffer contents, allocating heap if needed
-  void set(const uint8_t *src, size_t size) {
+  bool empty() const { return this->len_ == 0; }
+
+  // Conversion to std::span for compatibility with span-based APIs
+  operator std::span<const uint8_t>() const { return std::span<const uint8_t>(this->data(), this->len_); }
+
+  /// Resize to `size` bytes of (uninitialized) storage and return a writable pointer to fill.
+  /// Allocates heap only when `size` exceeds the inline capacity. Use this when the contents are
+  /// built in place (e.g. assembling a frame and appending a checksum) to avoid a staging copy.
+  uint8_t *init(size_t size) {
     // Free existing heap allocation if switching from heap to inline or different heap size
     if (!this->is_inline_() && (size <= InlineSize || size != this->len_)) {
       delete[] this->heap_;
@@ -196,9 +203,12 @@ template<size_t InlineSize = 8> class SmallInlineBuffer {
       this->heap_ = new uint8_t[size];  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
     }
     this->len_ = size;
-    memcpy(this->data(), src, size);
+    return this->data();
   }
 
+  /// Set buffer contents, allocating heap if needed
+  void set(const uint8_t *src, size_t size) { memcpy(this->init(size), src, size); }
+
   uint8_t *data() { return this->is_inline_() ? this->inline_ : this->heap_; }
   const uint8_t *data() const { return this->is_inline_() ? this->inline_ : this->heap_; }
   size_t size() const { return this->len_; }
@@ -246,6 +256,11 @@ template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
     }
   }
 
+  // Converting constructor from a smaller StaticVector of the same element type
+  template<size_t M> StaticVector(const StaticVector<T, M> &other) : StaticVector(other.begin(), other.end()) {
+    static_assert(M <= N, "Source StaticVector cannot be larger than the destination");
+  }
+
   // Minimal vector-compatible interface - only what we actually use
   void push_back(const T &value) {
     if (count_ < N) {
@@ -683,6 +698,15 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
   T &back() { return data_[size_ - 1]; }
   const T &back() const { return data_[size_ - 1]; }
 
+  /// Remove the last element in place (no reallocation, keeps capacity)
+  /// Caller must ensure vector is not empty (size() > 0)
+  void pop_back() {
+    if constexpr (!std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value) {
+      data_[size_ - 1].~T();
+    }
+    size_--;
+  }
+
   size_t size() const { return size_; }
   bool empty() const { return size_ == 0; }
   size_t capacity() const { return capacity_; }
@@ -957,6 +981,35 @@ inline bool str_endswith_ignore_case(const std::string &str, const char *suffix)
   return str_endswith_ignore_case(str.c_str(), str.size(), suffix, strlen(suffix));
 }
 
+/// Fallback implementation for case insensitive substring comparison.
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+/// ESP8266 internal implementation reading the needle from flash — prefer the
+/// `str_contains_ignore_case` macro which wraps needle literals with PSTR() automatically.
+bool str_contains_ignore_case_p(const char *haystack, PGM_P needle);
+/// Case-insensitive check if needle string is contained in haystack (no heap allocation).
+/// On ESP8266 the needle is wrapped with PSTR() so it stays in flash, which requires it to be
+/// a string literal; a runtime needle needs str_contains_ignore_case_p behind #ifdef USE_ESP8266.
+#define str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, needle) str_contains_ignore_case_p(haystack, PSTR(needle))
+#else
+/// Case-insensitive check if needle string is contained in haystack (no heap allocation).
+inline bool str_contains_ignore_case(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+  if (!needle || !haystack) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+// strcasestr is a GNU extension: newlib only declares it when _GNU_SOURCE is set.
+// ESP32/host builds get it from their framework or from g++ on Linux;
+// LibreTiny, RP2 and Zephyr do not, so they use the hand-rolled fallback.
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  return str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, needle);
+#else   // defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  return strcasestr(haystack, needle) != nullptr;
+#endif  // defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
+
 // str_truncate moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this include before 2026.11.0
 
 // str_until, str_lower_case, str_upper_case moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
@@ -1254,6 +1307,22 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline char format_hex_char(uint8_t v) { return format_hex
 /// Convert a nibble (0-15) to uppercase hex char (used for pretty printing)
 ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline char format_hex_pretty_char(uint8_t v) { return format_hex_char(v, 'A'); }
 
+/// Largest number of output bytes a single input byte can expand to when JSON escaped (a \u00XX sequence).
+static constexpr size_t JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION = 6;
+
+/// Copy value into buf, escaping the characters that cannot appear raw inside a JSON string literal.
+///
+/// Escapes " and \ along with the control characters below 0x20. Bytes >= 0x20 are copied verbatim, so text
+/// containing valid UTF-8 survives intact. The result is always null terminated; anything that would not fit is
+/// dropped rather than written partially. Returns buf so the call can be used directly as an argument.
+///
+/// With short_control_escapes the five control characters JSON gives a short form get it (\n \r \t \b \f) and the
+/// rest become \u00XX. Pass false to write every control character as \u00XX, which some consumers expect.
+///
+/// To size buf so that no input is ever dropped, allow JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION bytes per input byte plus one for
+/// the null terminator.
+const char *json_escape_into_buffer(std::span<char> buf, StringRef value, bool short_control_escapes = true);
+
 /// Write int8 value to buffer without modulo operations.
 /// Buffer must have at least 4 bytes free. Returns pointer past last char written.
 inline char *int8_to_str(char *buf, int8_t val) {
@@ -1587,15 +1656,6 @@ bool base64_decode_int32_vector(const std::string &base64, std::vector<int32_t>
 /// @name Colors
 ///@{
 
-/// Applies gamma correction of \p gamma to \p value.
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-ESPDEPRECATED("Use LightState::gamma_correct_lut() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0.", "2026.3.0")
-float gamma_correct(float value, float gamma);
-/// Reverts gamma correction of \p gamma to \p value.
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-ESPDEPRECATED("Use LightState::gamma_uncorrect_lut() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0.", "2026.3.0")
-float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma);
-
 /// Convert \p red, \p green and \p blue (all 0-1) values to \p hue (0-360), \p saturation (0-1) and \p value (0-1).
 void rgb_to_hsv(float red, float green, float blue, int &hue, float &saturation, float &value);
 /// Convert \p hue (0-360), \p saturation (0-1) and \p value (0-1) to \p red, \p green and \p blue (all 0-1).
@@ -1611,6 +1671,12 @@ constexpr float celsius_to_fahrenheit(float value) { return value * 1.8f + 32.0f
 /// Convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius.
 constexpr float fahrenheit_to_celsius(float value) { return (value - 32.0f) / 1.8f; }
 
+enum class TemperatureUnit : uint8_t {
+  CELSIUS = 0,
+  FAHRENHEIT = 1,
+  KELVIN = 2,
+};
+
 ///@}
 
 /// @name Utilities
@@ -1886,7 +1952,7 @@ class Mutex {
   Mutex(const Mutex &) = delete;
   Mutex &operator=(const Mutex &) = delete;
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)
   // Single-threaded platforms: inline no-ops so the compiler eliminates all call overhead.
   Mutex() = default;
   ~Mutex() = default;
@@ -1955,7 +2021,7 @@ class InterruptLock {
   ~InterruptLock();
 
  protected:
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   uint32_t state_;
 #endif
 };
@@ -1973,7 +2039,7 @@ class LwIPLock {
   LwIPLock(const LwIPLock &) = delete;
   LwIPLock &operator=(const LwIPLock &) = delete;
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2)
   // Platforms with potential lwIP core locking — out-of-line implementations in helpers.cpp
   LwIPLock();
   ~LwIPLock();
@@ -2023,6 +2089,11 @@ const char *get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETT
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 /// Set the MAC address to use from the provided byte array (6 bytes).
 void set_mac_address(uint8_t *mac);
+
+/// Read the custom MAC address from eFuse into the provided byte array (6 bytes).
+/// Must not use the ESPHome logger (may run before it is initialized); IDF itself may still log.
+/// @return True if a valid custom MAC address was read; on false, the contents of mac are undefined.
+bool get_custom_mac_address(uint8_t *mac);
 #endif
 
 /// Check if a custom MAC address is set (ESP32 & variants)
@@ -2123,7 +2194,7 @@ template<class T> class RAMAllocator {
     auto max_external =
         this->flags_ & ALLOC_EXTERNAL ? heap_caps_get_free_size(MALLOC_CAP_8BIT | MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM) : 0;
     return max_internal + max_external;
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
     return ::rp2040.getFreeHeap();
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
     return lt_heap_get_free();
diff --git a/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h b/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
index 316186ea54..316d9c7928 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstddef>
 
@@ -14,7 +16,9 @@
  * blocking each other.
  *
  * This is a Single-Producer Single-Consumer (SPSC) lock-free ring buffer.
- * Available on platforms with FreeRTOS support (ESP32, LibreTiny).
+ * Available on multi-threaded platforms (ESP32, LibreTiny) where another task
+ * produces or consumes, and on single-threaded platforms (RP2) where the
+ * producer runs in interrupt context.
  *
  * Common use cases:
  * - BLE events: BLE task produces, main loop consumes
@@ -26,6 +30,64 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+namespace lockfree_internal {
+#if defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS) || defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE)
+// Platforms where std::atomic RMW operations are unavailable or unnecessary:
+//  - ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS: cores lacking atomic read-modify-write
+//    instructions (currently the ARMv5TE BK72xx SoCs — no LDREX/STREX, no
+//    libatomic; other LibreTiny chips such as LN882x/RTL87xx are ARMv7-M and
+//    keep std::atomic).
+//  - ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE: every platform on this model (ESP8266, RP2,
+//    nRF52) runs everything on one core (the chip may have more — RP2 is
+//    dual-core, but ESPHome and its interrupt producers stay on core 0), so
+//    the only possible concurrency is same-core interrupt preemption (on RP2
+//    the BTstack packet handler runs in the CYW43 async-context low-priority
+//    IRQ on the core that initialized it, core 0). Using plain accesses here
+//    also avoids __atomic_* library calls on RP2040 (Cortex-M0+, no
+//    LDREX/STREX).
+// For this queue's SPSC contract RMW atomics are not needed: aligned 8/16-bit
+// loads and stores are single instructions on these cores, so torn reads
+// cannot occur, and on a single in-order core a compiler barrier supplies all
+// the acquire/release ordering the algorithm requires. Each index has exactly
+// one writer (head_: consumer, tail_: producer). The dropped counter's
+// increment/exchange pair is not atomic here — a concurrent reset can lose
+// counts — which is acceptable for a diagnostic drop counter.
+#define ESPHOME_LFQ_COMPILER_BARRIER() __asm__ __volatile__("" ::: "memory")
+template<typename T> class PlainAtomic {
+ public:
+  PlainAtomic() = default;
+  constexpr PlainAtomic(T value) : value_(value) {}
+  T load(std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_seq_cst) const {
+    T value = value_;
+    if (order != std::memory_order_relaxed)
+      ESPHOME_LFQ_COMPILER_BARRIER();  // acquire: later reads may not hoist above this load
+    return value;
+  }
+  void store(T value, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_seq_cst) {
+    if (order != std::memory_order_relaxed)
+      ESPHOME_LFQ_COMPILER_BARRIER();  // release: earlier writes may not sink below this store
+    value_ = value;
+  }
+  T fetch_add(T amount, std::memory_order /*order*/ = std::memory_order_seq_cst) {
+    T value = value_;
+    value_ = value + amount;
+    return value;
+  }
+  T exchange(T desired, std::memory_order /*order*/ = std::memory_order_seq_cst) {
+    T value = value_;
+    value_ = desired;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  volatile T value_{0};
+};
+template<typename T> using AtomicIndex = PlainAtomic<T>;
+#else
+template<typename T> using AtomicIndex = std::atomic<T>;
+#endif
+}  // namespace lockfree_internal
+
 // Base lock-free queue without task notification
 template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class LockFreeQueue {
  public:
@@ -126,13 +188,13 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class LockFreeQueue {
  protected:
   T *buffer_[SIZE]{};
   // Atomic: written by producer (push/increment), read+reset by consumer (get_and_reset)
-  std::atomic<uint16_t> dropped_count_;  // 65535 max - more than enough for drop tracking
+  lockfree_internal::AtomicIndex<uint16_t> dropped_count_;  // 65535 max - more than enough for drop tracking
   // Atomic: written by consumer (pop), read by producer (push) to check if full
   // Using uint8_t limits queue size to 255 elements but saves memory and ensures
   // atomic operations are efficient on all platforms
-  std::atomic<uint8_t> head_;
+  lockfree_internal::AtomicIndex<uint8_t> head_;
   // Atomic: written by producer (push), read by consumer (pop) to check if empty
-  std::atomic<uint8_t> tail_;
+  lockfree_internal::AtomicIndex<uint8_t> tail_;
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/core/log.cpp b/esphome/core/log.cpp
index 8bccae6421..d0ce297345 100644
--- a/esphome/core/log.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/log.cpp
@@ -60,16 +60,6 @@ void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *form
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args) {
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT(logger::global_logger != nullptr);
-  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, args);
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 int HOT esp_idf_log_vprintf_(const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
diff --git a/esphome/core/log.h b/esphome/core/log.h
index 72e06cabac..272e516808 100644
--- a/esphome/core/log.h
+++ b/esphome/core/log.h
@@ -68,11 +68,6 @@ void esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, .
 void esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, ...);
 #endif
 void esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
-#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-// Remove before 2026.9.0
-__attribute__((deprecated("Use esp_log_printf_() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0."))) void esp_log_vprintf_(
-    int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args);
-#endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
 int esp_idf_log_vprintf_(const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/preference_backend.h b/esphome/core/preference_backend.h
index 431de205af..5df0804bdd 100644
--- a/esphome/core/preference_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/core/preference_backend.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <concepts>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -12,8 +13,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32/preference_backend.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
 #include "esphome/components/esp8266/preference_backend.h"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/preference_backend.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/preference_backend.h"
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #include "esphome/components/libretiny/preference_backend.h"
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
@@ -22,9 +23,25 @@
 #include "esphome/components/zephyr/preference_backend.h"
 #endif
 
+// Key-lookup preference backends find stored data by key; their platforms add the
+// USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP define from Python codegen, which enables one-shot reads
+// of stored data by key (the primitive preference key migrations need). Slot-based
+// backends (ESP8266, RP2040) instead allocate a storage slot for every
+// make_preference() call and use the key only as a validity tag on that slot;
+// migration is not possible there, and key collisions cannot corrupt data.
+
 namespace esphome {
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
+// The PreferenceBackend method surface, asserted on the alias each platform
+// header binds. save() persists len bytes; load() fills dest only when the
+// stored data exists and matches len. Both report success as their return.
+template<typename T>
+concept PreferenceBackendContract = requires(T backend, const uint8_t *src, uint8_t *dest, size_t len) {
+  { backend.save(src, len) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { backend.load(dest, len) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_RP2) && !defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && \
     !defined(USE_HOST) && !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(CONFIG_SETTINGS))
 // Stub for static analysis when no platform is defined.
 struct PreferenceBackend {
@@ -34,28 +51,68 @@ struct PreferenceBackend {
 #endif
 
 using ESPPreferenceBackend = PreferenceBackend;
+static_assert(PreferenceBackendContract<PreferenceBackend>,
+              "The platform's preference backend is missing part of the PreferenceBackend surface");
 
 class ESPPreferenceObject {
  public:
   ESPPreferenceObject() = default;
   explicit ESPPreferenceObject(PreferenceBackend *backend) : backend_(backend) {}
 
-  template<typename T> bool save(const T *src) {
+  template<typename T> bool save(const T *src) { return this->save(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src), sizeof(T)); }
+
+  template<typename T> bool load(T *dest) { return this->load(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dest), sizeof(T)); }
+
+  /// Raw save with explicit length, for callers that only know the size at runtime.
+  bool save(const uint8_t *src, size_t len) {
     if (this->backend_ == nullptr)
       return false;
-    return this->backend_->save(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src), sizeof(T));
+    return this->backend_->save(src, len);
   }
 
-  template<typename T> bool load(T *dest) {
+  /// Raw load with explicit length, for callers that only know the size at runtime.
+  bool load(uint8_t *dest, size_t len) {
     if (this->backend_ == nullptr)
       return false;
-    return this->backend_->load(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dest), sizeof(T));
+    return this->backend_->load(dest, len);
   }
 
  protected:
   PreferenceBackend *backend_{nullptr};
 };
 
+// The preferences manager method surface, asserted in esphome/core/preferences.h
+// on the ESPPreferences alias each platform's preferences.h binds through
+// DECLARE_PREFERENCE_ALIASES. Semantics beyond the signatures:
+// - make_preference: the two-argument form applies the platform's historic
+//   default storage; in_flash=false may fall back to flash where the platform
+//   has no faster storage.
+// - sync: commit pending writes to flash, true on success.
+// - reset: forget unsaved changes and re-initialize the permanent storage
+//   (usually followed by a restart), true on success.
+// The template forms are what component call sites use; PreferencesMixin
+// supplies them, but the derived class's non-template overloads hide them
+// unless it also declares `using PreferencesMixin<X>::make_preference;`, so
+// the concept pins those too.
+template<typename T>
+concept PreferencesContract = requires(T prefs, size_t len, uint32_t type, bool in_flash) {
+  { prefs.make_preference(len, type, in_flash) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.make_preference(len, type) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.template make_preference<uint32_t>(type, in_flash) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.template make_preference<uint32_t>(type) } -> std::same_as<ESPPreferenceObject>;
+  { prefs.sync() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+  { prefs.reset() } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
+// Key-lookup platforms additionally provide load_from_key(), a one-shot read
+// of a stored preference by key; see the key-lookup note at the top of this
+// file. Not part of PreferencesContract, so it is asserted in preferences.h
+// only where USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP is set.
+template<typename T>
+concept PreferencesKeyLookupContract = requires(T prefs, uint32_t type, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  { prefs.load_from_key(type, data, len) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+};
+
 /// CRTP mixin providing type-safe template make_preference<T>() helpers.
 /// Platform preferences classes inherit this to avoid duplicating these templates.
 template<typename Derived> class PreferencesMixin {
diff --git a/esphome/core/preferences.h b/esphome/core/preferences.h
index 64a0a927e6..ed23dfae56 100644
--- a/esphome/core/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/core/preferences.h
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32/preferences.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
 #include "esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.h"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#include "esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#include "esphome/components/rp2/preferences.h"
 #elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #include "esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h"
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ struct Preferences : public PreferencesMixin<Preferences> {
   using PreferencesMixin<Preferences>::make_preference;
   ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
   ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t, uint8_t *, size_t) { return false; }
 
   /**
    * Commit pending writes to flash.
@@ -43,3 +44,17 @@ using ESPPreferences = Preferences;
 extern ESPPreferences *global_preferences;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 }  // namespace esphome
 #endif
+
+namespace esphome {
+static_assert(PreferencesContract<ESPPreferences>,
+              "The platform's preferences manager is missing part of the ESPPreferences surface "
+              "(esphome/core/preference_backend.h)");
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#ifdef USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
+namespace esphome {
+static_assert(PreferencesKeyLookupContract<ESPPreferences>,
+              "This platform emits USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP but its preferences manager does not provide "
+              "load_from_key() (esphome/core/preference_backend.h)");
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif  // USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP
diff --git a/esphome/core/preferences_rtc.h b/esphome/core/preferences_rtc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30b004f994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/preferences_rtc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+// Shared storage format for word-addressable preference backends.
+//
+// Several platforms persist preferences as a buffer of 32-bit words followed by a
+// single checksum word, seeded with the preference's `type` (its hashed key). This
+// format is used for RTC user memory (ESP8266, ESP32) and for the ESP8266
+// flash-emulation buffer. The helpers here are platform independent; each backend
+// supplies its own word read/write primitives and offset allocation.
+
+/// Round a byte count up to whole 32-bit words.
+inline size_t rtc_pref_bytes_to_words(size_t bytes) { return (bytes + 3) / 4; }
+
+/// Compute the integrity checksum over [first, last), seeded with `type`.
+/// Iterates over 32-bit words; the result is stored as the trailing word of a record.
+/// (Not a true CRC -- it XORs each word after a Fibonacci-hash multiply -- but the
+/// algorithm is kept as-is for compatibility with records written by old firmware.)
+template<class It> uint32_t rtc_pref_calculate_checksum(It first, It last, uint32_t type) {
+  uint32_t checksum = type;
+  while (first != last) {
+    // UINT32_C keeps the multiply wrapping at 32 bits regardless of the width of
+    // unsigned long, so 64-bit host builds compute the same value as the devices.
+    checksum ^= (*first++ * UINT32_C(2654435769)) >> 1;
+  }
+  return checksum;
+}
+
+/// Encode `len` data bytes into `buffer` (length_words data words + 1 trailing checksum word).
+/// `buffer` must have capacity for at least `length_words + 1` words. Trailing padding in
+/// the final data word is zeroed so the checksum is deterministic.
+inline void rtc_pref_encode(uint32_t *buffer, uint32_t type, uint8_t length_words, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  memset(buffer, 0, (static_cast<size_t>(length_words) + 1) * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  memcpy(buffer, data, len);
+  buffer[length_words] = rtc_pref_calculate_checksum(buffer, buffer + length_words, type);
+}
+
+/// Verify the checksum of a record held in `buffer` (length_words data words + 1 checksum
+/// word) and, on success, copy `len` bytes out to `data`. Returns false on checksum mismatch
+/// (e.g. the record was never written or RTC memory holds power-on garbage).
+inline bool rtc_pref_decode(const uint32_t *buffer, uint32_t type, uint8_t length_words, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (buffer[length_words] != rtc_pref_calculate_checksum(buffer, buffer + length_words, type)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  memcpy(data, buffer, len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 8449cba5e8..e9c5bf2c04 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -110,35 +110,16 @@ uint32_t Scheduler::calculate_interval_offset_(uint32_t delay) {
   return static_cast<uint32_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(random_uint32()) * max_offset) >> 32);
 }
 
-// Check if a retry was already cancelled in items_ or to_add_
-// Extracted from set_timer_common_ to reduce code size - retry path is cold and deprecated
-// Remove before 2026.8.0 along with all retry code
-bool Scheduler::is_retry_cancelled_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                           uint32_t hash_or_id) {
-  for (auto *container : {&this->items_, &this->to_add_}) {
-    for (auto *item : *container) {
-      if (item != nullptr && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item) &&
-          this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
-                                     /* match_retry= */ true, /* skip_removed= */ false)) {
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
 // Common implementation for both timeout and interval
 // name_type determines storage type: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
 void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type type, NameType name_type,
                                       const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay,
-                                      std::function<void()> &&func, bool is_retry, bool skip_cancel,
-                                      const LogString *source) {
+                                      std::function<void()> &&func, bool skip_cancel, const LogString *source) {
   if (delay == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN) {
     // Still need to cancel existing timer if we have a name/id
     if (!skip_cancel) {
       LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-      this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, /* match_retry= */ false,
-                                /* find_first= */ true);
+      this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, /* find_first= */ true);
     }
     return;
   }
@@ -156,23 +137,9 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     delay = 1;
   }
 
-  // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_head_ access and retry-cancelled check
+  // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_head_ access
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
 
-  // For retries, check if there's a cancelled timeout first - before allocating an item.
-  // Skip check for anonymous retries (STATIC_STRING with nullptr) - they can't be cancelled by name
-  // Skip check for defer (delay=0) - deferred retries bypass the cancellation check
-  if (is_retry && delay != 0 && (name_type != NameType::STATIC_STRING || static_name != nullptr) &&
-      type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT &&
-      this->is_retry_cancelled_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id)) {
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-    SchedulerNameLog skip_name_log;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Skipping retry '%s' - found cancelled item",
-             skip_name_log.format(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id));
-#endif
-    return;
-  }
-
   // Create and populate the scheduler item
   SchedulerItem *item = this->get_item_from_pool_locked_();
   // SELF_POINTER items store the source name (owning script) in the union slot instead of a component.
@@ -192,7 +159,6 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   new (&item->callback) std::function<void()>(std::move(func));
   // Reset remove flag - recycled items may have been cancelled (remove=true) in previous use
   this->set_item_removed_(item, false);
-  item->is_retry = is_retry;
 
   // Determine target container: defer_queue_ for deferred items, to_add_ for everything else.
   // Using a pointer lets both paths share the cancel + push_back epilogue.
@@ -234,8 +200,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   // Common epilogue: atomic cancel-and-add (unless skip_cancel is true or anonymous)
   // Anonymous items (STATIC_STRING with nullptr) can never match anything, so skip the scan.
   if (!skip_cancel && (name_type != NameType::STATIC_STRING || static_name != nullptr)) {
-    this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, /* match_retry= */ false,
-                              /* find_first= */ true);
+    this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, /* find_first= */ true);
   }
   target->push_back(item);
   if (target == &this->to_add_) {
@@ -301,125 +266,6 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_interval(const void *self) {
                             SchedulerItem::INTERVAL);
 }
 
-// Suppress deprecation warnings for RetryResult usage in the still-present (but deprecated) retry implementation.
-// Remove before 2026.8.0 along with all retry code.
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-
-struct RetryArgs {
-  // Ordered to minimize padding on 32-bit systems
-  std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func;
-  Component *component;
-  Scheduler *scheduler;
-  // Union for name storage - only one is used based on name_type
-  union {
-    const char *static_name;  // For STATIC_STRING
-    uint32_t hash_or_id;      // For HASHED_STRING or NUMERIC_ID
-  } name_;
-  uint32_t current_interval;
-  float backoff_increase_factor;
-  Scheduler::NameType name_type;  // Discriminator for name_ union
-  uint8_t retry_countdown;
-};
-
-void retry_handler(const std::shared_ptr<RetryArgs> &args) {
-  RetryResult const retry_result = args->func(--args->retry_countdown);
-  if (retry_result == RetryResult::DONE || args->retry_countdown <= 0)
-    return;
-  // second execution of `func` happens after `initial_wait_time`
-  // args->name_ is owned by the shared_ptr<RetryArgs>
-  // which is captured in the lambda and outlives the SchedulerItem
-  const char *static_name = (args->name_type == Scheduler::NameType::STATIC_STRING) ? args->name_.static_name : nullptr;
-  uint32_t hash_or_id = (args->name_type != Scheduler::NameType::STATIC_STRING) ? args->name_.hash_or_id : 0;
-  args->scheduler->set_timer_common_(
-      args->component, Scheduler::SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, args->name_type, static_name, hash_or_id,
-      args->current_interval, [args]() { retry_handler(args); },
-      /* is_retry= */ true);
-  // backoff_increase_factor applied to third & later executions
-  args->current_interval *= args->backoff_increase_factor;
-}
-
-void HOT Scheduler::set_retry_common_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                      uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                                      std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func, float backoff_increase_factor) {
-  this->cancel_retry_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id);
-
-  if (initial_wait_time == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN)
-    return;
-
-#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
-  {
-    SchedulerNameLog name_log;
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "set_retry(name='%s', initial_wait_time=%" PRIu32 ", max_attempts=%u, backoff_factor=%0.1f)",
-              name_log.format(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id), initial_wait_time, max_attempts,
-              backoff_increase_factor);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if (backoff_increase_factor < 0.0001f) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "set_retry: backoff_factor %0.1f too small, using 1.0: %s", backoff_increase_factor,
-             (name_type == NameType::STATIC_STRING && static_name) ? static_name : "");
-    backoff_increase_factor = 1;
-  }
-
-  auto args = std::make_shared<RetryArgs>();
-  args->func = std::move(func);
-  args->component = component;
-  args->scheduler = this;
-  args->name_type = name_type;
-  if (name_type == NameType::STATIC_STRING) {
-    args->name_.static_name = static_name;
-  } else {
-    args->name_.hash_or_id = hash_or_id;
-  }
-  args->current_interval = initial_wait_time;
-  args->backoff_increase_factor = backoff_increase_factor;
-  args->retry_countdown = max_attempts;
-
-  // First execution of `func` immediately - use set_timer_common_ with is_retry=true
-  this->set_timer_common_(
-      component, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, 0, [args]() { retry_handler(args); },
-      /* is_retry= */ true);
-}
-
-void HOT Scheduler::set_retry(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                              std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func, float backoff_increase_factor) {
-  this->set_retry_common_(component, NameType::STATIC_STRING, name, 0, initial_wait_time, max_attempts, std::move(func),
-                          backoff_increase_factor);
-}
-
-bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_retry_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                  uint32_t hash_or_id) {
-  return this->cancel_item_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
-                            /* match_retry= */ true);
-}
-bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_retry(Component *component, const char *name) {
-  return this->cancel_retry_(component, NameType::STATIC_STRING, name, 0);
-}
-
-void HOT Scheduler::set_retry(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t initial_wait_time,
-                              uint8_t max_attempts, std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func,
-                              float backoff_increase_factor) {
-  this->set_retry_common_(component, NameType::HASHED_STRING, nullptr, fnv1a_hash(name), initial_wait_time,
-                          max_attempts, std::move(func), backoff_increase_factor);
-}
-
-bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_retry(Component *component, const std::string &name) {
-  return this->cancel_retry_(component, NameType::HASHED_STRING, nullptr, fnv1a_hash(name));
-}
-
-void HOT Scheduler::set_retry(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                              std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func, float backoff_increase_factor) {
-  this->set_retry_common_(component, NameType::NUMERIC_ID, nullptr, id, initial_wait_time, max_attempts,
-                          std::move(func), backoff_increase_factor);
-}
-
-bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_retry(Component *component, uint32_t id) {
-  return this->cancel_retry_(component, NameType::NUMERIC_ID, nullptr, id);
-}
-
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop  // End suppression of deprecated RetryResult warnings
-
 optional<uint32_t> HOT Scheduler::next_schedule_in(uint32_t now) {
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
   // Accesses items_[0] and the fast-path empty checks without holding a lock, which
@@ -806,11 +652,11 @@ uint32_t HOT Scheduler::execute_item_(SchedulerItem *item, uint32_t now) {
 
 // Common implementation for cancel operations - handles locking
 bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                                 SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
+                                 SchedulerItem::Type type) {
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
   // Public cancel path uses default find_first=false to cancel ALL matches because
   // DelayAction parallel mode (skip_cancel=true) can create multiple items with the same key.
-  return this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, match_retry);
+  return this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type);
 }
 
 // Helper to cancel matching items - must be called with lock held.
@@ -822,11 +668,10 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const
 size_t Scheduler::mark_matching_items_removed_slow_locked_(std::vector<SchedulerItem *> &container,
                                                            Component *component, NameType name_type,
                                                            const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                                                           SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry,
-                                                           bool find_first) {
+                                                           SchedulerItem::Type type, bool find_first) {
   size_t count = 0;
   for (auto *item : container) {
-    if (this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, match_retry)) {
+    if (this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type)) {
       this->set_item_removed_(item, true);
       if (find_first)
         return 1;
@@ -837,8 +682,7 @@ size_t Scheduler::mark_matching_items_removed_slow_locked_(std::vector<Scheduler
 }
 
 bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                        uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry,
-                                        bool find_first) {
+                                        uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool find_first) {
   // Early return if static string name is invalid
   if (name_type == NameType::STATIC_STRING && static_name == nullptr) {
     return false;
@@ -850,7 +694,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   // Mark items in defer queue as cancelled (they'll be skipped when processed)
   if (type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT) {
     total_cancelled += this->mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(this->defer_queue_, component, name_type, static_name,
-                                                                 hash_or_id, type, match_retry, find_first);
+                                                                 hash_or_id, type, find_first);
     if (find_first && total_cancelled > 0)
       return true;
   }
@@ -863,7 +707,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   // Only the main loop in call() should recycle items after execution completes.
   {
     size_t heap_cancelled = this->mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(this->items_, component, name_type, static_name,
-                                                                      hash_or_id, type, match_retry, find_first);
+                                                                      hash_or_id, type, find_first);
     total_cancelled += heap_cancelled;
     this->to_remove_add_locked_(heap_cancelled);
     if (find_first && total_cancelled > 0)
@@ -872,7 +716,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
 
   // Cancel items in to_add_
   total_cancelled += this->mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(this->to_add_, component, name_type, static_name,
-                                                               hash_or_id, type, match_retry, find_first);
+                                                               hash_or_id, type, find_first);
 
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index c7743e5b2a..8ef3499a11 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -16,14 +16,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 
 class Component;
-struct RetryArgs;
-
-// Forward declaration of retry_handler - needs to be non-static for friend declaration
-void retry_handler(const std::shared_ptr<RetryArgs> &args);
 
 class Scheduler {
-  // Allow retry_handler to access protected members for internal retry mechanism
-  friend void ::esphome::retry_handler(const std::shared_ptr<RetryArgs> &args);
   // Allow DelayAction to call set_timer_common_ with skip_cancel=true for parallel script delays.
   // This is needed to fix issue #10264 where parallel scripts with delays interfere with each other.
   // We use friend instead of a public API because skip_cancel is dangerous - it can cause delays
@@ -79,32 +73,6 @@ class Scheduler {
                               SchedulerItem::INTERVAL);
   }
 
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                 std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func, float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                 std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func, float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("set_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0. Use set_timeout or set_interval instead.",
-                "2026.2.0")
-  void set_retry(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts,
-                 std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func, float backoff_increase_factor = 1.0f);
-
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
-  bool cancel_retry(Component *component, const std::string &name);
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
-  bool cancel_retry(Component *component, const char *name);
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
-  bool cancel_retry(Component *component, uint32_t id);
-
   /// Get 64-bit millisecond timestamp (handles 32-bit millis() rollover)
   uint64_t millis_64() { return esphome::millis_64(); }
 
@@ -202,19 +170,17 @@ class Scheduler {
     // std::atomic<uint8_t> inlines correctly on all platforms.
     std::atomic<uint8_t> remove{0};
 
-    // Bit-packed fields (5 bits used, 3 bits padding in 1 byte)
+    // Bit-packed fields (4 bits used, 4 bits padding in 1 byte)
     enum Type : uint8_t { TIMEOUT, INTERVAL } type : 1;
     NameType name_type_ : 3;  // Discriminator for name_ union (0–4, see NameType enum)
-    bool is_retry : 1;        // True if this is a retry timeout
-                              // 3 bits padding
+                              // 4 bits padding
 #else
     // Single-threaded or multi-threaded without atomics: can pack all fields together
-    // Bit-packed fields (6 bits used, 2 bits padding in 1 byte)
+    // Bit-packed fields (5 bits used, 3 bits padding in 1 byte)
     enum Type : uint8_t { TIMEOUT, INTERVAL } type : 1;
     bool remove : 1;
     NameType name_type_ : 3;  // Discriminator for name_ union (0–4, see NameType enum)
-    bool is_retry : 1;        // True if this is a retry timeout
-                              // 2 bits padding
+                              // 3 bits padding
 #endif
 
     // Constructor
@@ -226,13 +192,11 @@ class Scheduler {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
           // remove is initialized in the member declaration
           type(TIMEOUT),
-          name_type_(NameType::STATIC_STRING),
-          is_retry(false) {
+          name_type_(NameType::STATIC_STRING) {
 #else
           type(TIMEOUT),
           remove(false),
-          name_type_(NameType::STATIC_STRING),
-          is_retry(false) {
+          name_type_(NameType::STATIC_STRING) {
 #endif
       name_.static_name = nullptr;
     }
@@ -306,19 +270,8 @@ class Scheduler {
   // name_type determines storage type: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // `source` is stored (in the union slot) only for SELF_POINTER items; ignored otherwise.
   void set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type type, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                         uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> &&func, bool is_retry = false,
-                         bool skip_cancel = false, const LogString *source = nullptr);
-
-  // Common implementation for retry - Remove before 2026.8.0
-  // name_type determines storage type: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  void set_retry_common_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                         uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts, std::function<RetryResult(uint8_t)> func,
-                         float backoff_increase_factor);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-  // Common implementation for cancel_retry
-  bool cancel_retry_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id);
+                         uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> &&func, bool skip_cancel = false,
+                         const LogString *source = nullptr);
 
   // Extend a 32-bit millis() value to 64-bit. Use when the caller already has a fresh now.
   // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host, Zephyr, RP2040 — see
@@ -374,11 +327,11 @@ class Scheduler {
   // mode where skip_cancel=true allows multiple items with the same key).
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   bool cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                           SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry = false, bool find_first = false);
+                           SchedulerItem::Type type, bool find_first = false);
 
   // Common implementation for cancel operations - handles locking
   bool cancel_item_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                    SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry = false);
+                    SchedulerItem::Type type);
 
   // Helper to check if two static string names match
   inline bool HOT names_match_static_(const char *name1, const char *name2) const {
@@ -394,7 +347,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
   inline bool HOT matches_item_locked_(SchedulerItem *item, Component *component, NameType name_type,
                                        const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type,
-                                       bool match_retry, bool skip_removed = true) const {
+                                       bool skip_removed = true) const {
     // THREAD SAFETY: Check for nullptr first to prevent LoadProhibited crashes. On multi-threaded
     // platforms, items can be nulled in defer_queue_ during processing.
     // Fixes: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/11940
@@ -403,7 +356,7 @@ class Scheduler {
     // get_component() is nullptr for SELF_POINTER items (their cancels pass nullptr too), so they
     // match by the `this` key alone.
     if (item->get_component() != component || item->type != type ||
-        (skip_removed && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item)) || (match_retry && !item->is_retry)) {
+        (skip_removed && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item))) {
       return false;
     }
     // Name type must match
@@ -448,13 +401,6 @@ class Scheduler {
   // IMPORTANT: Must not be inlined - called only for intervals, keeping it out of the hot path saves flash.
   uint32_t __attribute__((noinline)) calculate_interval_offset_(uint32_t delay);
 
-  // Helper to check if a retry was already cancelled - extracted to reduce code size of set_timer_common_
-  // Remove before 2026.8.0 along with all retry code.
-  // IMPORTANT: Must not be inlined - retry path is cold and deprecated.
-  // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  bool __attribute__((noinline))
-  is_retry_cancelled_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id);
-
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
   // Helper for debug logging in set_timer_common_ - extracted to reduce code size
   void debug_log_timer_(const SchedulerItem *item, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
@@ -556,19 +502,21 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Inlined: the fast path (empty container) avoids calling the out-of-line scan.
   inline size_t HOT mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(std::vector<SchedulerItem *> &container, Component *component,
                                                         NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                                        uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry,
+                                                        uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type,
                                                         bool find_first = false) {
     if (container.empty())
       return 0;
     return this->mark_matching_items_removed_slow_locked_(container, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id,
-                                                          type, match_retry, find_first);
+                                                          type, find_first);
   }
 
   // Out-of-line slow path for mark_matching_items_removed_locked_ when container is non-empty.
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_slow_locked_(
-      std::vector<SchedulerItem *> &container, Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-      uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry, bool find_first);
+  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_slow_locked_(std::vector<SchedulerItem *> &container,
+                                                                            Component *component, NameType name_type,
+                                                                            const char *static_name,
+                                                                            uint32_t hash_or_id,
+                                                                            SchedulerItem::Type type, bool find_first);
 
   Mutex lock_;
   std::vector<SchedulerItem *> items_;
diff --git a/esphome/core/string_ref.h b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
index 34ba2474b2..2c7ec914c7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/string_ref.h
+++ b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@ class StringRef {
   constexpr bool empty() const { return len_ == 0; }
   constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const { return *(base_ + pos); }
 
+  /// True if the view begins with the given prefix (std::string::starts_with-like)
+  bool starts_with(const StringRef &prefix) const {
+    return len_ >= prefix.len_ && std::memcmp(base_, prefix.base_, prefix.len_) == 0;
+  }
+  bool starts_with(const char *prefix) const { return this->starts_with(StringRef(prefix)); }
+  bool starts_with(const std::string &prefix) const { return this->starts_with(StringRef(prefix)); }
+
   /// Copy characters to destination buffer (std::string::copy-like, but returns 0 instead of throwing on out-of-range)
   size_type copy(char *dest, size_type count, size_type pos = 0) const {
     if (pos >= len_)
@@ -232,7 +239,9 @@ template<typename R, typename F> inline R parse_number(const StringRef &str, siz
 }
 // NOLINTEND(google-runtime-int)
 }  // namespace internal
-// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int)
+// readability-non-const-parameter: `pos` is written through by internal::parse_number, one call
+// frame away; the check only inspects these bodies, so it wrongly proposes `const size_t *`.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int,readability-non-const-parameter)
 inline int stoi(const StringRef &str, size_t *pos = nullptr, int base = 10) {
   return static_cast<int>(internal::parse_number<long>(str, pos, base, std::strtol));
 }
@@ -245,7 +254,7 @@ inline float stof(const StringRef &str, size_t *pos = nullptr) {
 inline double stod(const StringRef &str, size_t *pos = nullptr) {
   return internal::parse_number<double>(str, pos, std::strtod);
 }
-// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int)
+// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int,readability-non-const-parameter)
 
 #ifdef USE_JSON
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.cpp b/esphome/core/time.cpp
index b6fc9b90ad..d1ba981e95 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/time.cpp
@@ -114,8 +114,6 @@ std::string ESPTime::strftime(const char *format) {
   return std::string(buf, len);
 }
 
-std::string ESPTime::strftime(const std::string &format) { return this->strftime(format.c_str()); }
-
 // Helper to parse exactly N digits, returns false if not enough digits
 static bool parse_digits(const char *&p, const char *end, int count, uint16_t &value) {
   value = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index 0b67b7b3fc..f58cf20b4e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ struct ESPTime {
    * @warning This method can return "ERROR" when the underlying strftime() call fails or when the
    * output exceeds STRFTIME_BUFFER_SIZE bytes.
    */
-  std::string strftime(const std::string &format);
+  std::string strftime(const std::string &format) { return this->strftime(format.c_str()); }
 
   /// @copydoc strftime(const std::string &format)
   std::string strftime(const char *format);
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake.h b/esphome/core/wake.h
index 5a5d27ceff..a48e52fb73 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake.h
+++ b/esphome/core/wake.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 
 // === Wake flag for ESP8266/RP2040 ===
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2)
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 extern volatile bool g_main_loop_woke;
 #endif
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ __attribute__((always_inline)) inline bool wake_request_take() {
 #include "esphome/core/wake/wake_freertos.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
 #include "esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h"
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#include "esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2)
+#include "esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.h"
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
 #include "esphome/core/wake/wake_host.h"
 #elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h b/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h
index 7eaaae5293..73b7a38a35 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/core/wake/wake_esp8266.h
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE wake_loop_impl() {
   // Set the wake-requested flag BEFORE esp_schedule so the consumer is
   // guaranteed to see it on its next gate check.
   wake_request_set();
+  // Skip the post when a wake was already signalled and not yet consumed by
+  // wakeable_delay(): esp_schedule() -> ets_post() can enter SDK WiFi pm code,
+  // which must not be poked per-byte from the software serial RX ISR (see
+  // esphome#18409). The flag can stay latched while the loop is awake, which
+  // is intentional; posts are only needed to cut a suspend short.
+  if (g_main_loop_woke)
+    return;
   g_main_loop_woke = true;
   esp_schedule();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.cpp
rename to esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.cpp
index bdcbb1ad00..ac1deba726 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/wake.h"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ volatile bool g_main_loop_woke = false;
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 static volatile bool s_delay_expired = false;
 
-static int64_t alarm_callback_(alarm_id_t id, void *user_data) {
+static int64_t alarm_callback(alarm_id_t id, void *user_data) {
   (void) id;
   (void) user_data;
   s_delay_expired = true;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
     return;
   }
   s_delay_expired = false;
-  alarm_id_t alarm = add_alarm_in_ms(ms, alarm_callback_, nullptr, true);
+  alarm_id_t alarm = add_alarm_in_ms(ms, alarm_callback, nullptr, true);
   if (alarm <= 0) {
     delay(ms);
     return;
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.h b/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.h
similarity index 88%
rename from esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.h
rename to esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.h
index ea1242f535..715e5aca0c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/core/wake/wake_rp2.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
+#ifdef USE_RP2
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ inline void wake_loop_any_context() {
 
 inline void wake_loop_threadsafe() { wake_loop_any_context(); }
 
-/// RP2040 wakeable delay uses file-scope state (alarm callback + flag) — defined in wake_rp2040.cpp.
+/// RP2040 wakeable delay uses file-scope state (alarm callback + flag) — defined in wake_rp2.cpp.
 namespace internal {
 void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms);
 }  // namespace internal
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
+#endif  // USE_RP2
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index 582b8fc74d..e6b8c0de42 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -699,6 +699,20 @@ def add_build_flag(build_flag: str):
     CORE.add_build_flag(build_flag)
 
 
+def add_cmake_arg(name: str, value: str) -> None:
+    """Add a CMake arg for CMake-based toolchains; see ``EsphomeCore.add_cmake_arg``."""
+    CORE.add_cmake_arg(name, value)
+
+
+def add_cxx_build_flag(build_flag: str) -> None:
+    """Add a global build flag that applies to C++ compiles only.
+
+    Use for flags GCC rejects or warns about when passed on C compiles
+    (e.g. ``-Wno-volatile``).
+    """
+    CORE.add_cxx_build_flag(build_flag)
+
+
 def add_build_unflag(build_unflag: str) -> None:
     """Add a global build unflag to the compiler flags."""
     CORE.add_build_unflag(build_unflag)
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
index b035e28a7a..53b59cb124 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import logging
 
@@ -136,6 +137,67 @@ async def _generate_component_source_table() -> None:
         )
 
 
+_SLOT_COUNTER_DOMAIN = "slot_counter"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SlotCounterState:
+    """Per-run slot counter state: requested counts and already-emitted defines."""
+
+    counts: dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    emitted: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+
+
+def _get_slot_counter_state() -> _SlotCounterState:
+    """Get or create the slot counter state from CORE.data."""
+    if _SLOT_COUNTER_DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[_SLOT_COUNTER_DOMAIN] = _SlotCounterState()
+    return CORE.data[_SLOT_COUNTER_DOMAIN]
+
+
+def get_slot_count(define: str) -> int:
+    """Number of slots requested so far for `define`."""
+    return _get_slot_counter_state().counts.get(define, 0)
+
+
+def slot_counter(define: str) -> Callable[[], None]:
+    """Create a request_slot function for codegen-sized storage.
+
+    The pattern behind a StaticVector listener array: a consumer's to_code
+    calls the returned function once per slot it will occupy at runtime, and
+    at FINAL priority — after every consumer's to_code has run — `define` is
+    emitted with the requested count. No requests, no define: the guarded
+    storage and its registration method compile out entirely.
+
+    The counts live in a table under CORE.data, which clears between runs.
+    A request arriving after the define was already emitted raises instead of
+    silently undercounting: the define would keep the stale smaller value and
+    StaticVector::push_back would drop the extra listener at runtime.
+    """
+
+    @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+    async def emit_job() -> None:
+        state = _get_slot_counter_state()
+        state.emitted.add(define)
+        # Scheduled only by the first request, so the count is always >= 1 here.
+        add_define(define, state.counts[define])
+
+    def request_slot() -> None:
+        state = _get_slot_counter_state()
+        if define in state.emitted:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"slot_counter('{define}'): slot requested after the count "
+                f"define was emitted; request slots from to_code, not from a "
+                f"job running after FINAL emission"
+            )
+        counts = state.counts
+        counts[define] = (count := counts.get(define, 0) + 1)
+        if count == 1:
+            CORE.add_job(emit_job)
+
+    return request_slot
+
+
 async def gpio_pin_expression(conf):
     """Generate an expression for the given pin option.
 
@@ -151,6 +213,17 @@ async def gpio_pin_expression(conf):
     return await coroutine(pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY[CORE.target_platform][0])(conf)
 
 
+def set_setup_priority(var, priority: float) -> None:
+    """Emit a setup-priority override for the given component.
+
+    Pairs the ``set_setup_priority()`` call with the ``USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE``
+    define that compiles in the core override support, so callers cannot emit one
+    without the other.
+    """
+    add_define("USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE")
+    add(var.set_setup_priority(priority))
+
+
 async def register_component(var, config):
     """Register the given obj as a component.
 
@@ -168,8 +241,7 @@ async def register_component(var, config):
         )
     CORE.component_ids.remove(id_)
     if CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY in config:
-        add_define("USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE")
-        add(var.set_setup_priority(config[CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY]))
+        set_setup_priority(var, config[CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY])
     if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL in config:
         add(var.set_update_interval(config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL]))
 
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/__init__.py b/esphome/espidf/__init__.py
index e69de29bb2..079eede1f1 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""ESP-IDF direct build support.
+
+Deliberately light: the upload fast path imports submodules of this
+package without the esp32 component package, so nothing here may pull
+in codegen or validation.
+"""
+
+
+def variant_to_idf_target(variant: str) -> str:
+    """Map an esp32 variant name (e.g. "ESP32S3") to its ESP-IDF target name."""
+    return variant.lower().replace("-", "")
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py b/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py
index 88ecda60b9..9a70f1a99a 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/clang_tidy.py
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import (
+    get_toolchain_includes,
+    parse_entry,
+    reject_launcher_compiler,
+)
+
 TIDY_PROJECT_NAME = "esphome_tidy"
 
 # A do-nothing C++ app: just enough for IDF to configure a valid project. It's
@@ -141,10 +147,15 @@ idf_component_register(
 
 def _setup_core(work_dir: Path, settings: _Settings) -> None:
     """Point CORE at the tidy project + IDF version, without any YAML config."""
-    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_IDF_VERSION, KEY_VARIANT
-    import esphome.config_validation as cv
-    from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
-    from esphome.core import CORE
+    from esphome.const import (
+        KEY_CORE,
+        KEY_ESP32,
+        KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+        KEY_VARIANT,
+    )
+    from esphome.core import CORE, Version
 
     CORE.name = TIDY_PROJECT_NAME
     # config_path's parent is the data dir root for per-run artifacts (idedata,
@@ -153,7 +164,7 @@ def _setup_core(work_dir: Path, settings: _Settings) -> None:
     CORE.config_path = work_dir.parent / "tidy.yaml"
     CORE.build_path = work_dir
     esp32 = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ESP32, {})
-    esp32[KEY_IDF_VERSION] = cv.Version.parse(settings.idf_version)
+    esp32[KEY_IDF_VERSION] = Version.parse(settings.idf_version)
     esp32[KEY_VARIANT] = settings.variant
     # The target framework drives the PlatformIO-library -> IDF-component
     # converter and ESPHome's CORE.using_arduino / using_esp_idf helpers.
@@ -410,13 +421,12 @@ def _idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
     """
     import json
 
-    from esphome.espidf.idedata import _get_toolchain_includes, _parse_entry
-
     entries = json.loads(Path(compile_commands).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     entry = next((e for e in entries if e["file"].endswith("tidy.cpp")), None)
     if entry is None:
         raise RuntimeError(f"tidy.cpp not found in {compile_commands}")
-    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = _parse_entry(entry)
+    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = parse_entry(entry)
+    reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path)
 
     return {
         "cxx_path": cxx_path,
@@ -424,7 +434,7 @@ def _idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
         "defines": defines,
         "includes": {
             "build": includes,
-            "toolchain": _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
+            "toolchain": get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
         },
     }
 
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/component.py b/esphome/espidf/component.py
index 5029e014a4..bed999656b 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/component.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/component.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome.core import CORE, Library
+from esphome.espidf import variant_to_idf_target
 from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.platformio.library import (
     DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ from esphome.platformio.library import (
     DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER,
     ESPHOME_DATA_EXTRA_CMAKE_KEY,
     ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
     SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
     ConvertedLibrary as IDFComponent,
     LibraryBackend,
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from esphome.platformio.library import (
     collect_filtered_files,
     convert_libraries,
     ensure_list,
+    lex_build_flags,
     split_list_by_condition,
 )
 
@@ -39,36 +42,6 @@ def _idf_framework() -> str:
     return "arduino" if CORE.using_arduino else "espidf"
 
 
-def _apply_extra_script(component: IDFComponent) -> None:
-    """Run a PIO ``extraScript`` and fold its captured env vars into
-    ``component.data["build"]["flags"]`` so the existing -L/-l/-D
-    extraction in ``generate_cmakelists_txt`` picks them up."""
-    extra_script = component.data.get("build", {}).get("extraScript")
-    if not extra_script:
-        return
-    # Resolve and confine to the component dir so a malicious library.json
-    # can't escape (e.g. ``"extraScript": "../../etc/passwd"``).
-    library_root = component.path.resolve()
-    script_path = (component.path / extra_script).resolve()
-    if not script_path.is_relative_to(library_root) or not script_path.is_file():
-        return
-    from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import captured_as_build_flags, run_extra_script
-
-    idf_target = get_esp32_variant().lower().replace("-", "")
-    result = run_extra_script(
-        script_path, library_dir=component.path, idf_target=idf_target
-    )
-    extra_flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=component.path)
-    if not extra_flags:
-        return
-    flags = component.data.setdefault("build", {}).setdefault("flags", [])
-    if isinstance(flags, str):
-        flags = [flags]
-    flags.extend(extra_flags)
-    component.data["build"]["flags"] = flags
-
-
 def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     """
     Generate a CMakeLists.txt file for an ESP-IDF component.
@@ -85,14 +58,30 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     """
 
     def escape_entry(p: PathType) -> str:
-        # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes need to be escaped
-        return f'"{str(p)}"'.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+        # In CMakeLists.txt, backslashes and embedded quotes need escaping
+        # (a quoted define value reaches here via the shlex round-trip)
+        escaped = str(p).replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+        return f'"{escaped}"'
+
+    def escape_path(p: PathType) -> str:
+        # CMake uses forward slashes for paths on every platform and treats
+        # backslashes as escape characters. On Windows os.path.relpath yields
+        # backslash paths, which break CMake's list re-parsing (e.g. "\b" in
+        # "src\backend" is an invalid character escape). Emit forward slashes,
+        # which Windows accepts too, so the generated CMakeLists is portable.
+        return f'"{str(p).replace(os.sep, "/")}"'
+
+    # The library's own files live in source_path (the user's directory for a
+    # local library, the downloaded dir otherwise). When it differs from the
+    # component dir the CMakeLists must reference sources by absolute path.
+    read_path = component.source_dir
+    external = read_path.resolve() != component.path.resolve()
 
     # Extract the values
     build_src_dir = component.data.get("build", {}).get("srcDir", None)
     if not build_src_dir:
         for d in ["src", "Src", "."]:
-            if (component.path / Path(d)).is_dir():
+            if (read_path / Path(d)).is_dir():
                 build_src_dir = d
                 break
 
@@ -102,13 +91,16 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     build_src_filter = ensure_list(
         component.data.get("build", {}).get("srcFilter", DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER)
     )
-    build_flags = ensure_list(
-        component.data.get("build", {}).get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS)
+    # PlatformIO shell-lexes each build.flags entry; bare -I/-L/-l/-D tokens
+    # re-glue to their argument so the prefix classifiers below route them.
+    build_flags = lex_build_flags(
+        component.data.get("build", {}).get("flags", DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS),
+        f"library {component.name}",
     )
 
     # List all sources files
     build_src_files = collect_filtered_files(
-        component.path / Path(build_src_dir), build_src_filter
+        read_path / Path(build_src_dir), build_src_filter
     )
 
     # Only bake library.json-declared deps here. Project-managed and
@@ -120,8 +112,12 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
         dependency.get_require_name() for dependency in component.dependencies
     }
 
-    # Only keep sources
-    build_src_files = [os.path.relpath(p, component.path) for p in build_src_files]
+    # Only keep sources. Reference them absolutely when they live outside the
+    # component dir (a local library), relative otherwise.
+    if external:
+        build_src_files = [str(Path(p).resolve()) for p in build_src_files]
+    else:
+        build_src_files = [os.path.relpath(p, component.path) for p in build_src_files]
     build_src_files = [
         f for f in build_src_files if Path(f).suffix in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS
     ]
@@ -136,13 +132,24 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     link_libraries, build_flags = split_list_by_condition(
         build_flags, lambda a: a[2:].strip() if a.startswith("-l") else None
     )
+    # A local library's relative -L paths are relative to its own directory;
+    # resolve them against it so they still work from the component cache dir.
+    # (read_path / d yields d unchanged when d is already absolute.)
+    if external:
+        link_directories = [
+            str((read_path / Path(d)).resolve()) for d in link_directories
+        ]
 
     # Split include directories from build_flags
     # Only keep an include directory if it exists
     build_include_dirs = [build_include_dir, build_src_dir] + include_dir_flags
     build_include_dirs = [
-        d for d in build_include_dirs if (component.path / Path(d)).is_dir()
+        d for d in build_include_dirs if (read_path / Path(d)).is_dir()
     ]
+    if external:
+        build_include_dirs = [
+            str((read_path / Path(d)).resolve()) for d in build_include_dirs
+        ]
 
     # Split build_flags list into private and public lists
     private_build_flags, public_build_flags = split_list_by_condition(
@@ -152,10 +159,10 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     # Generate the component
     content = "idf_component_register(\n"
     if build_src_files:
-        str_srcs = " ".join([escape_entry(p) for p in sorted(build_src_files)])
+        str_srcs = " ".join([escape_path(p) for p in sorted(build_src_files)])
         content += f"  SRCS {str_srcs}\n"
     if build_include_dirs:
-        str_include_dirs = " ".join([escape_entry(p) for p in build_include_dirs])
+        str_include_dirs = " ".join([escape_path(p) for p in build_include_dirs])
         content += f"  INCLUDE_DIRS {str_include_dirs}\n"
     # Project-managed and built-in component lists are set per-project
     # via idf_build_set_property in the top-level CMakeLists; expanded
@@ -190,7 +197,7 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
     if link_directories:
         content += "target_link_directories(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n"
         for link_directory in link_directories:
-            str_build_flag = escape_entry(link_directory)
+            str_build_flag = escape_path(link_directory)
             content += f"  {str_build_flag}\n"
         content += ")\n"
 
@@ -201,6 +208,16 @@ def generate_cmakelists_txt(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
             content += f"  {str_build_flag}\n"
         content += ")\n"
 
+    # Extra-script LINKFLAGS: routed to the link line; in
+    # target_compile_options they would be silently ineffective
+    if link_flags := component.data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {}).get(
+        ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []
+    ):
+        content += "target_link_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n"
+        for link_flag in link_flags:
+            content += f"  {escape_entry(link_flag)}\n"
+        content += ")\n"
+
     # Add custom CMake scripts
     content += "\n".join(
         component.data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {}).get(ESPHOME_DATA_EXTRA_CMAKE_KEY, [])
@@ -223,12 +240,17 @@ def generate_idf_component_yml(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
 
     data = {}
 
+    # Metadata only: tolerate malformed shapes instead of crashing on a
+    # third-party manifest (repository may legally be {"url": ...} or a
+    # plain URL string)
     description = component.data.get("description")
-    if description:
+    if isinstance(description, str) and description:
         data["description"] = description
 
-    repository = component.data.get("repository", {}).get("url", None)
-    if repository:
+    repository = component.data.get("repository")
+    if isinstance(repository, dict):
+        repository = repository.get("url")
+    if isinstance(repository, str) and repository:
         data["repository"] = repository
 
     for dependency in component.dependencies:
@@ -247,7 +269,14 @@ def generate_idf_component_yml(component: IDFComponent) -> str:
 
 def _emit_idf_component(component: IDFComponent) -> None:
     """Write the ESP-IDF build files for a resolved library into its cache dir."""
-    _apply_extra_script(component)
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
+    from esphome.platformio.extra_script import apply_extra_script
+
+    apply_extra_script(
+        component,
+        board_mcu=lambda: variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant()),
+        pio_platform="espressif32",
+    )
     write_file_if_changed(
         component.path / "CMakeLists.txt",
         generate_cmakelists_txt(component),
@@ -264,5 +293,6 @@ def generate_idf_components(libraries: list[Library]) -> list[IDFComponent]:
         platform=ESP32_PLATFORM,
         framework=_idf_framework(),
         emit=_emit_idf_component,
+        cache_key="idf",
     )
     return convert_libraries(libraries, backend)
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/extra_script.py b/esphome/espidf/extra_script.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d06fb842a..0000000000
--- a/esphome/espidf/extra_script.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-"""Run a PlatformIO ``extraScript`` against a captured SCons-env stand-in.
-
-PlatformIO libraries occasionally configure per-target link/build state
-via a Python ``extraScript`` declared in ``library.json``'s ``build``
-section instead of static fields. The script runs under SCons during
-PIO's build and mutates the active ``Environment`` (``env.Append``,
-``env.Replace``, …) — chiefly to set ``LIBPATH``/``LIBS`` per chip MCU.
-
-ESPHome's PIO→IDF converter doesn't run SCons, so these scripts were
-previously ignored and any library
-relying on them failed to link under ``toolchain: esp-idf``. This
-module provides a small shim that ``exec``s an extra-script with a
-fake ``env`` object, captures the common ``env.Append(...)`` calls,
-and returns the captured vars so the caller can fold them back into
-the library's generated CMakeLists.
-
-Caveats
--------
-* Only the ``env.Append`` API is captured. ``env.Replace``,
-  ``env.Prepend``, ``env.AddPreAction``, SCons file generators, and any
-  arbitrary I/O are silently no-ops. Scripts that depend on those will
-  produce incomplete output.
-* Running arbitrary Python from third-party libraries is a non-trivial
-  trust decision. The shim does no sandboxing — anything in the
-  script's process can run. Use only with libraries whose source you
-  trust.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-import logging
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# Keys we know how to translate back into ESPHome's build-flag pipeline.
-# Other env.Append kwargs are recorded but ignored downstream.
-_CAPTURED_KEYS = frozenset({"LIBPATH", "LIBS", "CPPDEFINES", "LINKFLAGS", "CPPFLAGS"})
-
-
-@dataclass
-class ExtraScriptResult:
-    """Build-var deltas captured from a PIO extra-script ``env.Append`` call."""
-
-    libpath: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    libs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    cppdefines: list[str | tuple[str, str]] = field(default_factory=list)
-    linkflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-    cppflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-
-
-class _FakeSConsEnv:
-    """Minimal stand-in for SCons ``Environment`` exposed to extra-scripts.
-
-    Implements just enough surface area to let scripts query ``BOARD_MCU``
-    / ``PIOENV`` and call ``env.Append(LIBPATH=…, LIBS=…, …)``. Every
-    other env method swallows silently so unrelated calls don't raise
-    ``AttributeError`` and abort the script.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *, board_mcu: str, pio_env: str) -> None:
-        self._vars: dict[str, str] = {
-            "BOARD_MCU": board_mcu,
-            "PIOPLATFORM": "espressif32",
-            "PIOENV": pio_env,
-        }
-        self.result = ExtraScriptResult()
-
-    # ----- SCons env API the common scripts use -----
-
-    def get(self, key: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
-        return self._vars.get(key, default)
-
-    def Append(self, **kwargs) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (SCons API name)
-        for key, value in kwargs.items():
-            if key not in _CAPTURED_KEYS:
-                continue
-            items = list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
-            bucket = getattr(self.result, key.lower())
-            bucket.extend(items)
-
-    # ----- Everything else is a no-op so unsupported scripts don't crash -----
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str):
-        def _noop(*args, **kwargs):
-            return None
-
-        return _noop
-
-
-def run_extra_script(
-    script_path: Path, *, library_dir: Path, idf_target: str
-) -> ExtraScriptResult:
-    """Execute ``script_path`` with a fake SCons env and return captured vars.
-
-    ``idf_target`` is the active ESP-IDF target name (e.g. ``esp32``,
-    ``esp32s3``); it's exposed to the script as PlatformIO's
-    ``BOARD_MCU`` so chip-conditional logic resolves the same way it
-    would under PIO. The script runs with ``library_dir`` as the
-    process CWD so relative-path lookups (``join``, ``realpath``,
-    ``open``) resolve against the library tree.
-
-    On any exception inside the script we log at debug level and return
-    an empty result — extra-scripts are best-effort, and an unsupported
-    script shouldn't block the build.
-    """
-    env = _FakeSConsEnv(board_mcu=idf_target, pio_env=f"esphome_{idf_target}")
-    code = compile(script_path.read_text(), str(script_path), "exec")
-    old_cwd = Path.cwd()
-    try:
-        os.chdir(library_dir)
-        exec(  # noqa: S102 pylint: disable=exec-used
-            code,
-            {
-                "Import": lambda *_args: None,  # SCons-side import; harmless here
-                "env": env,
-                "__file__": str(script_path),
-                "__name__": "__pio_extra_script__",
-            },
-        )
-    except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-        _LOGGER.warning("PIO extra-script %s raised %s; skipping", script_path, e)
-        return ExtraScriptResult()
-    finally:
-        os.chdir(old_cwd)
-    return env.result
-
-
-def captured_as_build_flags(
-    result: ExtraScriptResult, *, library_dir: Path
-) -> list[str]:
-    """Translate captured env vars into the ``-L`` / ``-l`` / ``-D`` /
-    raw-flag form ``_generate_cmakelists_txt`` already knows how to consume.
-
-    ``LIBPATH`` entries are made relative to ``library_dir`` so the
-    generated CMakeLists is portable; absolute paths outside the library
-    tree are kept as-is (CMake handles absolute paths in
-    ``target_link_directories`` fine).
-    """
-    flags: list[str] = []
-    library_root = library_dir.resolve()
-    for path in result.libpath:
-        # Anchor relative paths to library_dir (not the current CWD, which
-        # has been restored by the time we get here). Joining an absolute
-        # path against library_dir returns the absolute path unchanged.
-        resolved = (library_dir / path).resolve()
-        try:
-            flags.append(f"-L{resolved.relative_to(library_root)}")
-        except ValueError:
-            flags.append(f"-L{resolved}")
-    flags.extend(f"-l{lib}" for lib in result.libs)
-    for define in result.cppdefines:
-        if isinstance(define, tuple) and len(define) == 2:
-            flags.append(f"-D{define[0]}={define[1]}")
-        else:
-            flags.append(f"-D{define}")
-    flags.extend(result.linkflags)
-    flags.extend(result.cppflags)
-    return flags
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/framework.py b/esphome/espidf/framework.py
index 25283e3c99..239d874dbd 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/framework.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/framework.py
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 """ESP-IDF framework tools for ESPHome."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+from functools import partial
 import json
 import logging
 import os
@@ -7,25 +10,32 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import re
 import shutil
-import tempfile
+from typing import Any, NoReturn
 
-import platformdirs
-
-from esphome.config_validation import Version
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import (
+    ccache_defaults_env,
+    parse_enable_env,
+    resolve_ccache_path,
+)
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import IDF_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
+from esphome.core import Version
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     PathType,
-    archive_extract_all,
     create_venv,
+    download_and_extract,
     download_from_mirrors,
+    download_with_resume,
+    failure_reason,
     get_python_env_executable_path,
     get_system_python_path,
     rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
     run_command,
     run_command_ok,
     str_to_lst_of_str,
+    tool_version_runs,
 )
-from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, get_str_env, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -46,6 +56,10 @@ STAMP_SCHEMA_VERSION = "0"
 ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS = str_to_lst_of_str(
     os.environ.get("ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS", "all")
 )
+# An explicitly set ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS overrides the per-variant
+# targets a caller requests, so a builder image can still pre-warm every
+# target with one env var.
+_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS_EXPLICIT = bool(os.environ.get("ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS"))
 
 ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TOOLS = str_to_lst_of_str(
     os.environ.get("ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TOOLS", "cmake;ninja")
@@ -63,7 +77,7 @@ ESPHOME_IDF_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
     os.environ.get("ESPHOME_IDF_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS")
     or [
         "https://github.com/esphome-libs/esp-idf/releases/download/v{VERSION}/esp-idf-v{VERSION}.tar.xz",
-        "https://github.com/esphome-libs/esp-idf/releases/download/v{MAJOR}.{MINOR}{EXTRA}/esp-idf-v{MAJOR}.{MINOR}{EXTRA}.tar.xz",
+        "https://github.com/esphome-libs/esp-idf/releases/download/v{SHORT_VERSION}/esp-idf-v{SHORT_VERSION}.tar.xz",
     ]
 )
 
@@ -75,29 +89,17 @@ ESP_IDF_CONSTRAINTS_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
 )
 
 
-def _get_idf_tools_path() -> Path:
+def get_idf_tools_path() -> Path:
     """
     Get the path to the ESP-IDF tools directory.
 
     Returns:
         Path object pointing to the ESP-IDF tools directory
     """
-    # Treat an empty/whitespace ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX as unset: Path("")
-    # resolves to the CWD, which would install into (and let clean-all delete)
-    # the working directory by accident.
-    if prefix := get_str_env("ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX", "").strip():
-        path = Path(prefix).expanduser()
-    else:
-        # Machine-global so all projects share the multi-GB install instead of
-        # a per-config-directory copy. The user cache dir (not ~/.esphome)
-        # avoids colliding with data_dir when configs live in the home dir.
-        # appauthor=False drops the redundant <author>\ segment on Windows
-        # (which otherwise repeats "esphome\esphome\") to keep the path short.
-        path = Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "idf"
-    # Resolve so an unnormalized config path (e.g. compiling ``../config/x.yaml``)
-    # doesn't leave ``..`` segments in the IDF_TOOLS_PATH handed to idf.py, which
-    # otherwise warns that the venv interpreter path doesn't match the install.
-    return path.resolve()
+    # Machine-global so all projects share the multi-GB install instead of
+    # a per-config-directory copy; see build_helpers.tools_cache.tools_cache_path
+    # for the env-override and normalization rules.
+    return tools_cache_path(*IDF_TOOLS_CACHE)
 
 
 # Windows' default MAX_PATH is 260 characters. ESP-IDF toolchains nest deeply
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ def _check_windows_path_length() -> None:
     """
     if platform.system() != "Windows" or _windows_long_paths_enabled():
         return
-    tools_path = str(_get_idf_tools_path())
+    tools_path = str(get_idf_tools_path())
     projected = len(tools_path) + _TOOLCHAIN_NESTED_PATH_LEN
     if projected <= _WINDOWS_MAX_PATH:
         return
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ def _get_framework_path(version: str) -> Path:
     Returns:
         Path object pointing to the framework directory
     """
-    return _get_idf_tools_path() / "frameworks" / f"{version}"
+    return get_idf_tools_path() / "frameworks" / f"{version}"
 
 
 def _get_python_env_path(version: str) -> Path:
@@ -193,10 +195,38 @@ def _get_python_env_path(version: str) -> Path:
     Returns:
         Path object pointing to the Python environment directory
     """
-    return _get_idf_tools_path() / "penvs" / f"{version}"
+    return get_idf_tools_path() / "penvs" / f"{version}"
 
 
-def _check_stamp(file: PathType, data: dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+def _read_stamp(file: PathType) -> dict | None:
+    """Return a stamp file's dict contents, or None if missing or invalid.
+
+    A missing stamp is the normal first-install case and stays silent; the
+    other branches indicate a real fault that forces a full reinstall on
+    every build, so they warn.
+    """
+    try:
+        with Path(file).open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return None
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring corrupt stamp file %s: %s", file, e)
+        return None
+    except OSError as e:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Could not read stamp file %s: %s", file, e)
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Ignoring stamp file %s with unexpected type %s",
+            file,
+            type(data).__name__,
+        )
+        return None
+    return data
+
+
+def _check_stamp(file: PathType, data: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
     """
     Check if a stamp file contains the expected data.
 
@@ -207,17 +237,43 @@ def _check_stamp(file: PathType, data: dict[str, str]) -> bool:
     Returns:
         True if file exists and contains expected data, False otherwise
     """
-    if not Path(file).is_file():
+    return _read_stamp(file) == data
+
+
+def _stamps_match_except_targets(stored: dict, requested: dict) -> bool:
+    """Whether two stamps agree on every field other than ``targets``.
+
+    Compares whole dicts (minus ``targets``) rather than named keys so any
+    stamp field added later participates in invalidation by default instead
+    of being silently ignored.
+    """
+
+    def _strip(stamp: dict) -> dict:
+        return {k: v for k, v in stamp.items() if k != "targets"}
+
+    return _strip(stored) == _strip(requested)
+
+
+def _stamp_covers(stored: dict | None, requested: dict) -> bool:
+    """Return True if a stored framework stamp already covers this request.
+
+    Every field except ``targets`` must match exactly. ``targets`` may be a
+    superset of the requested ones: ``idf_tools.py install`` accumulates
+    targets in idf-env.json across runs, so a framework installed for more
+    targets than this build needs is still valid. A stored ``all`` covers
+    every target.
+    """
+    if stored is None:
         return False
-
-    try:
-        with Path(file).open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            return json.load(f) == data
-    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
+    if not _stamps_match_except_targets(stored, requested):
         return False
+    stored_targets = stored.get("targets")
+    if not isinstance(stored_targets, list):
+        return False
+    return "all" in stored_targets or set(requested["targets"]) <= set(stored_targets)
 
 
-def _write_stamp(file: PathType, data: dict[str, str]):
+def _write_stamp(file: PathType, data: dict[str, Any]):
     """
     Write data to a stamp file in JSON format.
 
@@ -229,6 +285,40 @@ def _write_stamp(file: PathType, data: dict[str, str]):
         json.dump(data, fp)
 
 
+def _run_idf_tools_script(
+    idf_framework_root: PathType,
+    script_name: str,
+    msg: str,
+    args: list[str] | None = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[bool, str | None, str | None]:
+    """Run one of the sibling idf_tools-backed helper scripts.
+
+    The script is executed with the framework's ``tools`` directory on
+    PYTHONPATH so it imports the framework's own ``idf_tools`` module.
+    """
+    cmd = [
+        get_system_python_path(),
+        str(_SCRIPTS_DIR / script_name),
+        str(idf_framework_root),
+        *(args or []),
+    ]
+    return run_command(
+        cmd,
+        msg=msg,
+        env=(env or os.environ)
+        | {"PYTHONPATH": str(Path(idf_framework_root) / "tools")},
+    )
+
+
+def _raise_script_failure(what: str, root: PathType, stderr: str | None) -> NoReturn:
+    """Raise RuntimeError for a failed helper script, appending stderr detail."""
+    detail = (stderr or "").strip()
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        f"Can't get {what} of {root}" + (f": {detail}" if detail else "")
+    )
+
+
 def _get_idf_version(
     idf_framework_root: PathType, env: dict[str, str] | None = None
 ) -> str:
@@ -246,26 +336,13 @@ def _get_idf_version(
         RuntimeError: If ESP-IDF version cannot be determined
     """
 
-    cmd = [
-        get_system_python_path(),
-        str(_SCRIPTS_DIR / "get_idf_version.py"),
-        str(idf_framework_root),
-    ]
-
-    success, stdout, stderr = run_command(
-        cmd,
-        msg="ESP-IDF version",
-        env=(env or os.environ)
-        | {"PYTHONPATH": str(Path(idf_framework_root) / "tools")},
+    success, stdout, stderr = _run_idf_tools_script(
+        idf_framework_root, "get_idf_version.py", "ESP-IDF version", env=env
     )
     if stdout:
         stdout = stdout.strip()
     if not success or not stdout:
-        detail = (stderr or "").strip()
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Can't get ESP-IDF version of {idf_framework_root}"
-            + (f": {detail}" if detail else "")
-        )
+        _raise_script_failure("ESP-IDF version", idf_framework_root, stderr)
     return stdout
 
 
@@ -286,24 +363,11 @@ def _get_idf_tool_paths(
         RuntimeError: If ESP-IDF tool paths cannot be determined
     """
 
-    cmd = [
-        get_system_python_path(),
-        str(_SCRIPTS_DIR / "get_idf_tool_paths.py"),
-        str(idf_framework_root),
-    ]
-
-    success, stdout, stderr = run_command(
-        cmd,
-        msg="ESP-IDF tool paths",
-        env=(env or os.environ)
-        | {"PYTHONPATH": str(Path(idf_framework_root) / "tools")},
+    success, stdout, stderr = _run_idf_tools_script(
+        idf_framework_root, "get_idf_tool_paths.py", "ESP-IDF tool paths", env=env
     )
     if not success or not stdout:
-        detail = (stderr or "").strip()
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Can't get ESP-IDF tool paths of {idf_framework_root}"
-            + (f": {detail}" if detail else "")
-        )
+        _raise_script_failure("ESP-IDF tool paths", idf_framework_root, stderr)
 
     # Extract json values
     try:
@@ -386,38 +450,33 @@ def _clone_idf_with_submodules(
     handles branches, tags, and SHAs uniformly (mirrors the approach in
     ``esphome.git.clone_or_update``).
     """
-    from esphome.git import run_git_command
+    from esphome.git import run_git_command, update_submodules
 
-    _LOGGER.info("Cloning ESP-IDF from %s%s", git_url, f"@{ref}" if ref else "")
-    run_git_command(["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", git_url, str(framework_path)])
+    key = f"{git_url}@{ref}" if ref else git_url
+    _LOGGER.info("Cloning ESP-IDF from %s", key)
+    run_git_command(
+        ["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", git_url, str(framework_path)],
+        network=True,
+        retry_cleanup=framework_path,
+    )
     if ref:
         run_git_command(
             ["git", "fetch", "--depth=1", "--", "origin", ref],
             git_dir=framework_path,
+            network=True,
         )
         run_git_command(
             ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"],
             git_dir=framework_path,
         )
-    run_git_command(
-        [
-            "git",
-            "submodule",
-            "update",
-            "--init",
-            "--recursive",
-            "--depth=1",
-        ],
-        git_dir=framework_path,
-    )
+    update_submodules(framework_path, key)
 
-    # Sanity-check the resulting tree. run_git_command only raises when
-    # stderr is non-empty, so a clone that silently produces no working
-    # tree would otherwise be marked extracted and stuck until
-    # ``esphome clean``.
+    # Sanity-check the resulting tree: a clone can exit 0 yet produce no
+    # usable ESP-IDF checkout, which would otherwise be marked extracted and
+    # stuck until ``esphome clean``.
     if not (framework_path / "tools" / "idf_tools.py").is_file():
         raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Clone of {git_url} produced no usable ESP-IDF tree at {framework_path}"
+            f"Clone of {key} produced no usable ESP-IDF tree at {framework_path}"
         )
 
 
@@ -466,17 +525,21 @@ _NINJA_ARM64_BACKPORT: dict[str, dict[str, str | int]] = {
 }
 
 
-def _patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64(framework_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Inject ninja linux-arm64 entries into the framework's tools.json on aarch64.
+def _patch_tools_json(
+    framework_path: Path,
+    apply_patch: Callable[[dict], bool],
+    patched_log: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Apply an in-place fixup to the framework's tools/tools.json.
 
-    Idempotent: a tools.json that already has the entry, or a host that
-    isn't aarch64, is a no-op. Applied unconditionally on every install
-    check so a build dir extracted before the backport got fixed up
-    without forcing a clean.
+    Shared plumbing for the tools.json patches below: a missing file is a
+    no-op, an unparseable file logs a warning and skips, and when
+    ``apply_patch`` reports a change the file is written back atomically.
+    ``patched_log`` is the info log line, with a single ``%s`` placeholder
+    for the tools.json path. Patches are idempotent and applied on every
+    install check, so an already-extracted framework picks them up on the
+    next build without forcing a clean.
     """
-    if platform.machine() != "aarch64":
-        return
-
     tools_json = framework_path / "tools" / "tools.json"
     if not tools_json.is_file():
         return
@@ -484,37 +547,255 @@ def _patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64(framework_path: Path) -> None:
     try:
         with tools_json.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
             data = json.load(f)
-    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as e:
+        # apply_patch also raises inside the guard: a tools.json that is
+        # valid JSON but not the expected shape (e.g. a top-level list)
+        # must skip the patch, not crash the install check this patch is
+        # meant to recover.
+        changed = apply_patch(data)
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError, AttributeError, TypeError, KeyError) as e:
         _LOGGER.warning(
-            "Could not parse %s for linux-arm64 backport (%s); "
-            "skipping. A clean reinstall of the framework directory "
-            "may be needed.",
+            "Could not apply tools.json patch to %s (%s); skipping. A clean "
+            "reinstall of the framework directory may be needed.",
             tools_json,
             e,
         )
         return
 
-    changed = False
-    for tool in data.get("tools", []):
-        if tool.get("name") != "ninja":
-            continue
-        for ver in tool.get("versions", []):
-            entry = _NINJA_ARM64_BACKPORT.get(ver.get("name"))
-            if entry is None or ver.get("linux-arm64"):
-                continue
-            ver["linux-arm64"] = entry
-            changed = True
-
     if changed:
         # write_file_if_changed stages a tempfile in the destination dir
         # and atomically replaces — safe against mid-write interruption
         # and concurrent invocations.
         write_file_if_changed(tools_json, json.dumps(data, indent=2) + "\n")
-        _LOGGER.info(
-            "Patched %s to add ninja linux-arm64 download "
-            "(espressif/esp-idf#18272 backport).",
-            tools_json,
+        _LOGGER.info(patched_log, tools_json)
+
+
+def _patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64(framework_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Inject ninja linux-arm64 entries into the framework's tools.json on aarch64.
+
+    A tools.json that already has the entry, or a host that isn't aarch64,
+    is a no-op.
+    """
+    if platform.machine() != "aarch64":
+        return
+
+    def apply_patch(data: dict) -> bool:
+        changed = False
+        for tool in data.get("tools", []):
+            if tool.get("name") != "ninja":
+                continue
+            for ver in tool.get("versions", []):
+                entry = _NINJA_ARM64_BACKPORT.get(ver.get("name"))
+                if entry is None or ver.get("linux-arm64"):
+                    continue
+                ver["linux-arm64"] = entry
+                changed = True
+        return changed
+
+    _patch_tools_json(
+        framework_path,
+        apply_patch,
+        "Patched %s to add ninja linux-arm64 download "
+        "(espressif/esp-idf#18272 backport).",
+    )
+
+
+# Tools marked ``install: always`` in tools.json that no ESPHome build ever
+# runs. openocd-esp32 is a JTAG debug server (its post-install check also
+# fails outright on systems without libusb-1.0, #17685). The gdb bundles are
+# debuggers used only by ``idf.py gdb``/``idf.py monitor`` flows ESPHome never
+# invokes; stack decoding uses addr2line from the compiler toolchains instead.
+# esp32ulp-elf is the ULP coprocessor toolchain, and ESPHome excludes the IDF
+# ``ulp`` component from every build. esp-rom-elfs stays required: the cmake
+# gdbinit generation reads ESP_ROM_ELF_DIR during every configure and warns
+# when it is missing.
+_UNUSED_IDF_TOOLS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "esp32ulp-elf",
+    "openocd-esp32",
+    "riscv32-esp-elf-gdb",
+    "xtensa-esp-elf-gdb",
+)
+
+# tools.json also lists riscv32-esp-elf as supported on the xtensa chips
+# because the S2/S3 ULP coprocessor is a RISC-V core, so installing for an
+# S2/S3 target pulls in the whole riscv compiler (~290MB download, 2GB disk)
+# just for ULP programs — which ESPHome never builds (the IDF ``ulp``
+# component is excluded by default; a user who re-enables it via
+# ``include_builtin_idf_components: [ulp]`` on an S2/S3 and hits a missing
+# riscv compiler can set ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS=all to install it).
+# Removing the xtensa chips from its supported targets keeps it out of
+# xtensa-only installs; building a RISC-V variant still installs it. Add any
+# future Xtensa chip here; a missing entry only costs the download, while a
+# wrongly listed RISC-V chip would strip its own compiler.
+_XTENSA_TARGETS: tuple[str, ...] = ("esp32", "esp32s2", "esp32s3")
+
+
+def _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(framework_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Demote tools ESPHome never runs from ``install: always`` to ``on_request``.
+
+    ``idf_tools.py install required`` downloads every tool marked ``always``
+    in tools.json and validates each one after extraction by running its
+    version command. Demoting the tools in ``_UNUSED_IDF_TOOLS`` drops them
+    from the ``required`` set: they are no longer downloaded or validated,
+    and the tool-path export treats a missing ``on_request`` tool as fine.
+    Besides the download and disk savings, this makes the openocd libusb
+    validation failure (#17685) impossible; because this runs on every
+    install check, an install stuck in that failing state (which never wrote
+    its stamp file) heals on the next build without a clean. A user who
+    wants one of these tools can still name it explicitly in
+    ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TOOLS; explicit names bypass install-type filtering.
+
+    Also removes the xtensa chips from riscv32-esp-elf's supported targets
+    (see ``_XTENSA_TARGETS``) so xtensa-only installs don't pull in the
+    RISC-V compiler for ULP programs ESPHome never builds.
+    """
+
+    def apply_patch(data: dict) -> bool:
+        changed = False
+        for tool in data.get("tools", []):
+            if (
+                tool.get("name") in _UNUSED_IDF_TOOLS
+                and tool.get("install") == "always"
+            ):
+                tool["install"] = "on_request"
+                changed = True
+            if tool.get("name") == "riscv32-esp-elf":
+                targets = tool.get("supported_targets")
+                # Guard the type so unexpected JSON here cannot abort the
+                # other demotions; this patch is best-effort. Log it so a
+                # silently resumed riscv download is diagnosable.
+                if not isinstance(targets, list):
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Unexpected supported_targets for riscv32-esp-elf "
+                        "in tools.json (%s); not excluding it from xtensa "
+                        "installs",
+                        type(targets).__name__,
+                    )
+                    continue
+                if any(t in targets for t in _XTENSA_TARGETS):
+                    tool["supported_targets"] = [
+                        t for t in targets if t not in _XTENSA_TARGETS
+                    ]
+                    changed = True
+        return changed
+
+    _patch_tools_json(
+        framework_path,
+        apply_patch,
+        "Patched %s to skip installing tools ESPHome does not use "
+        "(openocd, gdb, ULP toolchains).",
+    )
+
+
+def _download_tool(
+    dist_path: Path, entry: dict, tracker: Callable[[int], None]
+) -> None:
+    download_with_resume(
+        entry["url"],
+        dist_path / entry["dest"],
+        sha256=entry["sha256"],
+        size=entry["size"],
+        progress=tracker,
+    )
+
+
+def _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(
+    framework_path: Path,
+    targets_str: str,
+    tools: list[str],
+    env: dict[str, str] | None,
+) -> None:
+    """Pre-download the tool archives ``idf_tools.py install`` would fetch.
+
+    ``idf_tools.py``'s own downloader restarts from byte zero on every retry,
+    which makes large archives effectively impossible to fetch on unstable
+    connections (#17703). This asks the framework's idf_tools (via
+    ``get_tool_downloads.py``) which archives the coming install needs, then
+    downloads them into ``<IDF_TOOLS_PATH>/dist`` with
+    ``download_with_resume``, a few at a time under one combined progress
+    bar. The installer then finds the verified archives already in place
+    ("file ... is already downloaded") and never touches the network.
+
+    Strictly best-effort: any failure here just logs and returns, leaving
+    ``idf_tools.py install`` to download whatever is missing exactly as
+    before. Leftover ``.part`` files live in ``dist/`` and are removed by the
+    post-install cache prune.
+    """
+    try:
+        success, stdout, stderr = _run_idf_tools_script(
+            framework_path,
+            "get_tool_downloads.py",
+            "ESP-IDF tool download list",
+            args=[targets_str, *tools],
+            env=env,
         )
+        if not success or not stdout:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not determine ESP-IDF tool downloads: %s",
+                (stderr or "").strip(),
+            )
+            return
+        dist_path = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist"
+        entries = []
+        seen_dests: set[str] = set()
+        for entry in json.loads(stdout):
+            if (dist_path / entry["dest"]).is_file():
+                continue
+            # Never download unverified: an entry without sha256/size is
+            # left to the installer, which fails loudly on a bad archive.
+            # Checked before the dedupe so it cannot shadow a verifiable
+            # duplicate of the same dest.
+            if not (entry.get("sha256") and entry.get("size")):
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Tool %s has no sha256/size in the download list; "
+                    "leaving it to the installer",
+                    entry["name"],
+                )
+                continue
+            if entry["dest"] in seen_dests:
+                # Two workers on one .part file would interleave
+                # seek/truncate writes; mirror the library prefetch's dedupe
+                continue
+            seen_dests.add(entry["dest"])
+            entries.append(entry)
+        if not entries:
+            return
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Downloading %d ESP-IDF tool archive(s): %s",
+            len(entries),
+            ", ".join(entry["name"] for entry in entries),
+        )
+
+        # No sequential fallback here: skipping the prefetch would lose the
+        # resume workaround for #17703, and every entry has a size (above).
+        # A failed archive is retried by the installer itself (without
+        # resume); keep prefetching the rest.
+        failures = run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading ESP-IDF tools",
+            [
+                (
+                    entry["name"],
+                    entry["size"],
+                    partial(_download_tool, dist_path, entry),
+                )
+                for entry in entries
+            ],
+        )
+        for name, e in failures:
+            # failure_reason: a message-less exception must not log blank
+            _LOGGER.warning("Could not prefetch %s: %s", name, failure_reason(e))
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=e)
+        if len(failures) == len(entries):
+            # A systematic fault, not one flaky mirror: the resume
+            # workaround (#17703) is off for this whole install
+            _LOGGER.error(
+                "Every ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed; the installer will "
+                "download without resume"
+            )
+    except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # The installer downloads anything missing itself; never let the
+        # prefetch become a new way for the install to fail.
+        _LOGGER.warning("ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed: %s", failure_reason(e))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=True)
 
 
 def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
@@ -536,13 +817,19 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
         env: Optional dictionary of environment variables to set
         source_url: Optional override URL for the framework tarball. Supports
             the same ``{VERSION}`` / ``{MAJOR}`` / ``{MINOR}`` / ``{PATCH}`` /
-            ``{EXTRA}`` substitutions as ESPHOME_IDF_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS
-            (``{EXTRA}`` includes its leading ``-``, e.g. ``-rc1``, or is empty).
-            When set, it replaces the default mirror list — no implicit fallback,
-            so a misspelled URL fails loudly.
+            ``{EXTRA}`` / ``{SHORT_VERSION}`` substitutions as
+            ESPHOME_IDF_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS (``{EXTRA}`` includes its leading
+            ``-``, e.g. ``-rc1``, or is empty; ``{SHORT_VERSION}`` is ``x.y``
+            plus any extra and only available for x.y.0 versions — a URL
+            referencing it is skipped for other versions). When set, it
+            replaces the default mirror list — no implicit fallback, so a
+            misspelled or skipped URL fails loudly with an EsphomeError naming
+            the URL.
 
     Returns:
-        tuple of (framework_path, install_flag)
+        tuple of (framework_path, fresh_extract_flag). The flag is True only
+        when the framework tree was downloaded and extracted this run, not
+        when tools were installed into an existing tree.
     """
 
     # Sanitize inputs
@@ -575,8 +862,8 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
     # avoids post-extraction renames that race with antivirus on Windows.
     # Tool install state is tracked separately by the stamp file in step 3,
     # so we only re-extract when extraction itself is missing or incomplete.
-    install = force or not extracted_marker.is_file()
-    if install:
+    fresh_extract = force or not extracted_marker.is_file()
+    if fresh_extract:
         rmdir(framework_path, msg=f"Clean up ESP-IDF {version} framework")
 
         git_source = _parse_git_source(source_url) if source_url else None
@@ -584,28 +871,44 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
             git_url, ref = git_source
             _clone_idf_with_submodules(framework_path, git_url, ref)
         else:
-            # Download in temporary file
-            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-                _LOGGER.info("Downloading ESP-IDF %s framework ...", version)
+            _LOGGER.info("Downloading ESP-IDF %s framework ...", version)
 
-                # Create substitutions for the URLs
-                substitutions = {"VERSION": version}
-                try:
-                    ver = Version.parse(version)
-                    substitutions["MAJOR"] = str(ver.major)
-                    substitutions["MINOR"] = str(ver.minor)
-                    substitutions["PATCH"] = str(ver.patch)
-                    substitutions["EXTRA"] = f"-{ver.extra}" if ver.extra else ""
-                except ValueError:
-                    pass
-
-                mirrors = [source_url] if source_url else ESPHOME_IDF_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS
-                download_from_mirrors(mirrors, substitutions, tmp.file)
-
-                _LOGGER.info("Extracting ESP-IDF %s framework ...", version)
-                archive_extract_all(
-                    tmp.file, framework_path, progress_header="Extracting"
+            # Create substitutions for the URLs. SHORT_VERSION (x.y with
+            # optional -extra) is only provided for x.y.0 releases, since
+            # the vX.Y release tags only exist for those; templates that
+            # reference it are skipped for other versions by
+            # download_from_mirrors.
+            substitutions = {"VERSION": version}
+            try:
+                ver = Version.parse(version)
+                substitutions["MAJOR"] = str(ver.major)
+                substitutions["MINOR"] = str(ver.minor)
+                substitutions["PATCH"] = str(ver.patch)
+                substitutions["EXTRA"] = f"-{ver.extra}" if ver.extra else ""
+                if ver.patch == 0:
+                    substitutions["SHORT_VERSION"] = (
+                        f"{ver.major}.{ver.minor}{substitutions['EXTRA']}"
+                    )
+            except ValueError:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "ESP-IDF version '%s' is not a valid version number; "
+                    "only the {VERSION} substitution is available for "
+                    "mirror URLs",
+                    version,
                 )
+
+            mirrors = [source_url] if source_url else ESPHOME_IDF_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS
+            # Download to a persistent file in the tool download cache (not
+            # a temp file) so an interrupted download resumes on the next
+            # run; the cache is pruned after a successful install anyway.
+            tarball_path = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist" / f"esp-idf-{version}.tar.xz"
+            download_and_extract(
+                mirrors,
+                substitutions,
+                tarball_path,
+                framework_path,
+                progress_header="Extracting",
+            )
         extracted_marker.touch()
 
     # Idempotent post-extract patch: written every invocation so a build
@@ -618,10 +921,17 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
     # a pre-patch tools.json get fixed up without forcing a clean.
     _patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64(framework_path)
 
+    # Drop tools ESPHome never runs from the required tool set on every
+    # invocation, so an install that previously failed on the openocd libusb
+    # check recovers on the next build.
+    _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(framework_path)
+
     # 3. Check if the framework tools are the same and correctly installed
+    stored_stamp = None if fresh_extract else _read_stamp(env_stamp_file)
+    install = fresh_extract
     if not install:
         install = True
-        if _check_stamp(env_stamp_file, stamp_info):
+        if _stamp_covers(stored_stamp, stamp_info):
             _LOGGER.info("Checking ESP-IDF %s framework installation ...", version)
             # Validate via the managed tool-path resolution, not ``idf_tools.py check``:
             # ``check`` probes tools on the system PATH and aborts if any fail to run (e.g. a
@@ -638,6 +948,7 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
     if install:
         _LOGGER.info("Installing ESP-IDF %s framework ...", version)
         targets_str = ",".join(targets)
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(framework_path, targets_str, tools, env)
         cmd = [
             get_system_python_path(),
             str(idf_tools_path),
@@ -651,11 +962,45 @@ def _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
             env=env,
             stream_output=True,
         ):
+            if platform.system() == "Linux" and find_library("usb-1.0") is None:
+                _LOGGER.error(
+                    "libusb-1.0.so.0 was not found on this system. If the error "
+                    "above mentions it (openocd fails its install check without "
+                    "it), install the libusb 1.0 package, e.g. libusb-1.0-0 "
+                    "(Debian/Ubuntu), libusb1 (Fedora) or libusb (Alpine/Arch), "
+                    "then run the build again."
+                )
             raise RuntimeError(f"ESP-IDF {version} framework installation failure")
 
+        # idf_tools.py extracts tool archives from <IDF_TOOLS_PATH>/dist into tools/; the
+        # archives are not needed afterward and, already compressed, dominate the cached install.
+        # Best-effort: a failure to prune must not fail an otherwise successful install.
+        try:
+            rmdir(
+                get_idf_tools_path() / "dist", msg="Remove ESP-IDF tool download cache"
+            )
+        except RuntimeError as err:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove ESP-IDF tool download cache: %s", err)
+
+        # Record the union of every target installed so far, not just this
+        # build's. idf_tools.py accumulates targets in idf-env.json and the
+        # ``required`` metapackage installs tools for all of them, so the
+        # union is what is actually on disk — and it keeps two variants
+        # alternating between builds from re-running the installer each time.
+        # Merge only when everything except targets matches: a reinstall
+        # triggered by a schema or tools change ran the installer for this
+        # build's targets alone, so carrying the old targets forward would
+        # let later builds of those variants skip the reinstall they need.
+        if (
+            stored_stamp
+            and isinstance(stored_stamp.get("targets"), list)
+            and _stamps_match_except_targets(stored_stamp, stamp_info)
+        ):
+            merged = set(stamp_info["targets"]) | set(stored_stamp["targets"])
+            stamp_info["targets"] = ["all"] if "all" in merged else sorted(merged)
         _write_stamp(env_stamp_file, stamp_info)
 
-    return framework_path, install
+    return framework_path, fresh_extract
 
 
 def _check_esp_idf_python_env_install(
@@ -707,7 +1052,7 @@ def _check_esp_idf_python_env_install(
 
         esp_idf_version = _get_idf_version(framework_path, env=env)
         constraint_file_path = (
-            _get_idf_tools_path() / f"espidf.constraints.v{esp_idf_version}.txt"
+            get_idf_tools_path() / f"espidf.constraints.v{esp_idf_version}.txt"
         )
         _LOGGER.debug("ESP-IDF version %s", esp_idf_version)
 
@@ -798,10 +1143,14 @@ def check_esp_idf_install(
     _check_windows_path_length()
 
     env = {}
-    env["IDF_TOOLS_PATH"] = str(_get_idf_tools_path())
+    env["IDF_TOOLS_PATH"] = str(get_idf_tools_path())
     env["IDF_PATH"] = ""
 
-    targets = targets or ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS
+    # An explicit ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS wins over the caller's
+    # per-variant request (builder-image pre-warm); otherwise the caller's
+    # targets are used, falling back to the default when none were given.
+    if _IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS_EXPLICIT or not targets:
+        targets = ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS
 
     # Determine which tools need to be installed if not provided
     if tools is None:
@@ -814,15 +1163,18 @@ def check_esp_idf_install(
                 tools.append(tool)
 
     # 1) Framework
-    framework_path, installed = _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
+    framework_path, fresh_extract = _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
         version, targets, tools, force=force, env=env, source_url=source_url
     )
 
     features = features or ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_FEATURES
 
-    # 2) Python env
-    python_env_path, installed = _check_esp_idf_python_env_install(
-        version, features, force=force or installed, env=env
+    # 2) Python env. Only a freshly extracted framework forces a rebuild —
+    # the venv depends on the framework version and features, not on which
+    # toolchains are installed, so adding a target to an existing tree must
+    # not wipe it. It still self-validates against its own stamp.
+    python_env_path, _ = _check_esp_idf_python_env_install(
+        version, features, force=force or fresh_extract, env=env
     )
 
     return framework_path, python_env_path
@@ -831,8 +1183,10 @@ def check_esp_idf_install(
 def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
     """Return ccache settings for ESP-IDF compiles.
 
-    Enabled by default whenever the ``ccache`` binary is on PATH; set
-    ``IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=0`` in the environment to opt out. The cache lives under
+    Enabled by default whenever a runnable ``ccache`` binary is on PATH.
+    ``IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=0`` opts out and ``=1`` forces it on; when that knob
+    is unset the shared ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE`` applies (same 0/1 forms,
+    unrecognized values warn and count as unset). The cache lives under
     the IDF tools path (the machine-global cache dir, or
     ``ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX``), so it is shared across all projects and removed
     by ``esphome clean-all`` along with the framework.
@@ -847,33 +1201,44 @@ def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
     Only values the user has not already set in the environment are returned, so
     a custom ``CCACHE_DIR`` / ``CCACHE_MAXSIZE`` / etc. is respected.
     """
-    # Honor an explicit choice already in the environment (opt-out or opt-in).
-    if "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE" in os.environ:
-        if not get_bool_env("IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"):
-            return {}
-    elif shutil.which("ccache") is None:
-        # ESP-IDF silently skips ccache without the binary; don't enable it.
-        return {}
+    # IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE (the backend-native knob) wins over the shared
+    # ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE.
+    idf_knob = parse_enable_env("IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE")
+    if idf_knob is False:
+        # The raw value (e.g. "disable") is still inherited by idf.py via
+        # os.environ, where a non-false-constant string reads as truthy;
+        # export the canonical off spelling instead
+        return {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    if idf_knob is True:
+        # Forced on ignores the runnability verdict, but the outcome is
+        # worth saying out loud. Probed directly (not via the resolver,
+        # whose failure message says "compiling without ccache" -- exactly
+        # what forced-on does NOT do): only the truly-missing case means
+        # idf.py compiles without ccache; a broken binary is still used,
+        # since idf.py does its own PATH lookup.
+        if (ccache := shutil.which("ccache")) is None:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 but no ccache binary is on PATH; "
+                "idf.py will compile without ccache"
+            )
+        else:
+            # The probe warns with this message iff the binary fails
+            tool_version_runs(
+                ccache,
+                "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 forces on the ccache at %s even though "
+                "it failed to run; idf.py will use it anyway",
+            )
+    elif resolve_ccache_path() is None:
+        # ESP-IDF silently skips ccache without the binary; export the
+        # canonical off spelling so an unparsable inherited value (or a
+        # probe-rejected ccache idf.py would still find) cannot enable it
+        return {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
 
-    # ccache is enabled past here. build_path is set during preload for every
-    # config-loading command, so it being unset means a caller built the IDF env
-    # too early -- fail loudly rather than silently drop CCACHE_BASEDIR (which
-    # would quietly cost cross-device cache hits).
-    if CORE.build_path is None:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "CORE.build_path must be set before constructing the ESP-IDF build "
-            "environment"
-        )
-
-    defaults = {
-        "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1",
-        "CCACHE_DIR": str(_get_idf_tools_path() / "ccache"),
-        "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "true",
-        "CCACHE_DEPEND": "1",
-        "CCACHE_BASEDIR": str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve()),
-    }
-    # Don't override CCACHE_* values the user already set in their environment.
-    return {k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k not in os.environ}
+    env = ccache_defaults_env(get_idf_tools_path() / "ccache")
+    # Exactly one canonical spelling ever reaches idf.py, whatever the
+    # accepted input spelling was ("enable", "yes", ...)
+    env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] = "1"
+    return env
 
 
 def get_framework_env(
@@ -894,7 +1259,7 @@ def get_framework_env(
     """
     # 1. Initialize base environment with extra ESP-IDF environment variables
     env = env.copy() if env else {}
-    env["IDF_TOOLS_PATH"] = str(_get_idf_tools_path())
+    env["IDF_TOOLS_PATH"] = str(get_idf_tools_path())
     env["IDF_PATH"] = ""
 
     # 2. Get existing PATH from env or os.environ
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/get_tool_downloads.py b/esphome/espidf/get_tool_downloads.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37a6126fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/espidf/get_tool_downloads.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Print JSON download info for the ESP-IDF tools an install would fetch.
+
+Run via ``python <this file> <idf_framework_root> <targets-csv> <tool-spec>...``.
+PYTHONPATH must include ``<idf_framework_root>/tools`` so ``idf_tools`` is
+importable, and IDF_TOOLS_PATH must be set. Prints a JSON list of
+``{name, url, size, sha256, dest}`` for every tool version that is not yet
+installed, where ``dest`` is the archive filename ``idf_tools.py install``
+expects to find in ``<IDF_TOOLS_PATH>/dist``. Tools with no download for the
+current platform are skipped; already-installed versions are skipped so a
+pruned download cache is not re-fetched.
+
+The target/tool expansion mirrors ``idf_tools.py install`` (targets passed to
+``add_and_check_targets`` accumulate with idf-env.json) but nothing is saved
+or written — this script only reports what the install would download.
+"""
+
+# pylint: disable=import-error  # idf_tools is on PYTHONPATH at runtime only
+
+from contextlib import redirect_stdout
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+from idf_tools import (
+    CURRENT_PLATFORM,
+    TOOLS_FILE,
+    IDFEnv,
+    ToolBinaryError,
+    add_and_check_targets,
+    expand_tools_arg,
+    g,
+    get_idf_download_url_apply_mirrors,
+    load_tools_info,
+)
+
+
+def collect_downloads() -> list[dict]:
+    g.idf_path = sys.argv[1]
+    g.idf_tools_path = os.environ.get("IDF_TOOLS_PATH")
+    g.tools_json = str(Path(g.idf_path) / TOOLS_FILE)
+
+    targets = add_and_check_targets(IDFEnv.get_idf_env(), sys.argv[2])
+    tools_info = load_tools_info()
+    downloads: list[dict] = []
+
+    for name in expand_tools_arg(sys.argv[3:], tools_info, targets):
+        if "@" in name:
+            name, version = name.split("@", 1)
+        else:
+            version = None
+        tool = tools_info.get(name)
+        if tool is None or not tool.compatible_with_platform():
+            continue
+        version = version or tool.get_recommended_version()
+        if version is None:
+            continue
+        try:
+            tool.find_installed_versions()
+        except ToolBinaryError as e:
+            # A broken installed binary is idf_tools' problem to repair on
+            # install; note it and treat the version as not installed.
+            print(f"tool {name} failed its binary check: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        if version in tool.versions_installed or version not in tool.versions:
+            continue
+        download = tool.versions[version].get_download_for_platform(CURRENT_PLATFORM)
+        if download is None:
+            continue
+        downloads.append(
+            {
+                "name": f"{name}@{version}",
+                # Apply the same IDF_MIRROR_PREFIX_MAP / IDF_GITHUB_ASSETS
+                # rewriting the installer's own downloader applies, so users
+                # behind a mirror prefetch from the mirror too.
+                "url": get_idf_download_url_apply_mirrors(None, download.url),
+                "size": download.size,
+                "sha256": download.sha256,
+                "dest": download.rename_dist or Path(download.url).name,
+            }
+        )
+    return downloads
+
+
+# idf_tools prints informational lines (e.g. mirror URL rewrites) to stdout;
+# route them to stderr so stdout carries only the JSON result.
+with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):
+    result = collect_downloads()
+print(json.dumps(result))
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/idedata.py b/esphome/espidf/idedata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ed357a759..0000000000
--- a/esphome/espidf/idedata.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-"""Derive idedata from an ESP-IDF native-toolchain ``compile_commands.json``.
-
-PlatformIO exposes a curated ``pio run -t idedata`` JSON; the native ESP-IDF
-toolchain has no such command, but its CMake build emits
-``build/compile_commands.json`` (CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS). This module
-turns that file into the same fields consumers (IDE integration, clang-tidy)
-expect:
-
-    {cxx_path, cxx_flags, defines, includes: {build, toolchain}}
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import json
-import logging
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-import shlex
-import subprocess
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# C++ translation-unit suffixes used to identify ESPHome source files.
-_CXX_SUFFIXES = (".cpp", ".cc")
-# Suffixes of input/output files that appear bare on the command line (and so
-# must not be mistaken for compiler flags).
-_INPUT_FILE_SUFFIXES = (*_CXX_SUFFIXES, ".c", ".o", ".S", ".s")
-# Path marker identifying an ESPHome source translation unit.
-_ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER = "/src/esphome/"
-
-
-def _is_esphome_src(file: str) -> bool:
-    """Whether ``file`` is an ESPHome C++ translation unit.
-
-    ``compile_commands.json`` ``file`` paths use the OS-native separator, so on
-    Windows they contain backslashes; normalize to ``/`` before testing the
-    marker, otherwise no source matches and the build-include union is empty.
-    """
-    return _ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER in file.replace("\\", "/") and file.endswith(
-        _CXX_SUFFIXES
-    )
-
-
-def _split_command(command: str) -> list[str]:
-    r"""Tokenize a compile_commands.json / response-file command string.
-
-    On Windows, tokenize per Windows ``argv`` rules via ``CommandLineToArgvW``.
-    ESP-IDF's compile_commands.json there mixes two backslash conventions in one
-    string: literal path separators in the compiler path (``C:\Users\...g++.exe``,
-    no quote follows) and shell quote-escaping in -D defines (``-DVER=\"1.2.3\"``).
-    Only the real Windows parser — where a backslash escapes solely a following
-    quote — handles both, and it is the exact tokenizer the compiler is launched
-    with. ``shlex`` cannot: POSIX mode eats the path separators, and disabling
-    its escape mangles the defines.
-    """
-    if os.name != "nt":
-        return shlex.split(command)
-
-    import ctypes
-    from ctypes import wintypes
-
-    # CommandLineToArgvW("") returns the current process name, not []; guard it
-    # so an empty response file tokenizes the same as it would via shlex.
-    if not command.strip():
-        return []
-
-    CommandLineToArgvW = ctypes.windll.shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
-    CommandLineToArgvW.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int)]
-    CommandLineToArgvW.restype = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)
-    argc = ctypes.c_int()
-    argv = CommandLineToArgvW(command, ctypes.byref(argc))
-    if not argv:  # pragma: no cover
-        raise ctypes.WinError()
-    try:
-        return [argv[i] for i in range(argc.value)]
-    finally:
-        ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(argv)
-
-
-def _expand_response_files(tokens: list[str], directory: Path) -> list[str]:
-    """Inline any ``@response-file`` arguments (paths relative to ``directory``).
-
-    GCC response files embed flags that must be expanded so GCC-only flags
-    inside them (e.g. ``-mlongcalls``) can be filtered downstream; left as
-    ``@file`` clang would read them and choke.
-    """
-    out: list[str] = []
-    for tok in tokens:
-        if tok.startswith("@"):
-            rf = Path(tok[1:])
-            if not rf.is_absolute():
-                rf = directory / rf
-            try:
-                out.extend(
-                    _expand_response_files(
-                        _split_command(rf.read_text(encoding="utf-8")), directory
-                    )
-                )
-                continue
-            except OSError as err:
-                # Keep the literal token if the file can't be read, but log it
-                # so the (otherwise opaque) downstream clang failure is traceable.
-                _LOGGER.warning("Could not read response file %s: %s", rf, err)
-        out.append(tok)
-    return out
-
-
-def _pick_entry(entries: list[dict]) -> dict:
-    """Pick a representative ESPHome C++ translation unit.
-
-    All ESPHome sources share the same component flags/defines, so any one of
-    them yields the cxx_path / cxx_flags / defines we need.
-    """
-    for entry in entries:
-        if _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
-            return entry
-    for entry in entries:
-        if entry["file"].endswith(_CXX_SUFFIXES):
-            return entry
-    raise ValueError("no C++ translation unit found in compile_commands.json")
-
-
-def _parse_entry(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
-    """Parse one compile_commands entry -> (cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags)."""
-    directory = Path(entry["directory"])
-    tokens = _expand_response_files(_split_command(entry["command"]), directory)
-
-    def _include(raw: str) -> str:
-        # Include paths in compile_commands are interpreted relative to the
-        # entry's ``directory`` (e.g. build-local ``-Iconfig``); resolve them
-        # so the cached idedata is usable regardless of the consumer's cwd.
-        # Emit forward slashes (``normpath`` yields ``\`` on Windows) so the
-        # paths match the absolute, already-forward-slash entries in the JSON.
-        raw = raw.strip()
-        if raw and not Path(raw).is_absolute():
-            raw = os.path.normpath(directory / raw)
-        return raw.replace("\\", "/")
-
-    # token0 is the compiler path; the rest of the command already uses forward
-    # slashes on Windows, so normalize it too for a consistent idedata file.
-    cxx_path = tokens[0].replace("\\", "/")
-    defines: list[str] = []
-    includes: list[str] = []
-    cxx_flags: list[str] = []
-
-    it = iter(tokens[1:])
-    for tok in it:
-        if tok in ("-c", "-o"):
-            next(it, None)  # drop the flag and its argument (input/output)
-        elif tok.startswith("-D"):
-            # ``.strip()`` handles tokens like ``-D CONFIGURED=1`` (a single
-            # quoted arg with a space after -D) that some flags arrive as.
-            defines.append(tok[2:].strip() if len(tok) > 2 else next(it, "").strip())
-        elif tok.startswith("-I"):
-            includes.append(_include(tok[2:] if len(tok) > 2 else next(it, "")))
-        elif tok == "-isystem":
-            includes.append(_include(next(it, "")))
-        elif tok.startswith("-isystem"):
-            includes.append(_include(tok[len("-isystem") :]))
-        elif tok in ("-MT", "-MF", "-MQ"):
-            next(it, None)  # dependency-file flag + its argument
-        elif tok.startswith(("-MD", "-MMD", "-MP", "-MM")):
-            pass  # dependency-generation flags, no argument
-        elif tok.endswith(_INPUT_FILE_SUFFIXES):
-            pass  # input/output files
-        else:
-            cxx_flags.append(tok)
-    return cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags
-
-
-def _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path: str) -> list[str]:
-    """Query the compiler for its builtin ``#include <...>`` search dirs."""
-    result = subprocess.run(
-        [cxx_path, "-E", "-x", "c++", "-", "-v"],
-        input="",
-        text=True,
-        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-        check=False,
-        close_fds=False,
-    )
-    includes: list[str] = []
-    capture = False
-    for line in result.stderr.splitlines():
-        if "#include <...> search starts here:" in line:
-            capture = True
-            continue
-        if "End of search list." in line:
-            break
-        if capture:
-            includes.append(line.strip())
-    if result.returncode != 0 or not includes:
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Could not query builtin include dirs from {cxx_path} "
-            f"(return code {result.returncode}); stderr:\n{result.stderr.strip()}"
-        )
-    return includes
-
-
-def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
-    """Parse compile_commands.json into the idedata fields consumers expect.
-
-    A single ESP-IDF compile entry only carries its own component's REQUIRES
-    include set, but consumers (clang-tidy) analyze ESPHome headers that
-    transitively pull in other components. So take cxx_path / cxx_flags /
-    defines from a representative ESPHome TU, but union the include dirs across
-    all ESPHome TUs to get a project-wide superset (as PlatformIO's idedata
-    provides).
-    """
-    entries = json.loads(Path(compile_commands).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    cxx_path, defines, _, cxx_flags = _parse_entry(_pick_entry(entries))
-
-    build_includes: dict[str, None] = {}
-    for entry in entries:
-        if not _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
-            continue
-        for inc in _parse_entry(entry)[2]:
-            build_includes.setdefault(inc, None)
-
-    return {
-        "cxx_path": cxx_path,
-        "cxx_flags": cxx_flags,
-        "defines": defines,
-        "includes": {
-            "build": list(build_includes),
-            "toolchain": _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
-        },
-    }
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/runner.py b/esphome/espidf/runner.py
index 7c568db7be..7ed11d7554 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/runner.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/runner.py
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def main() -> int:
         sys.path.pop(0)
     # ---- end sys.path fix-up -----------------------------------------------
 
+    import contextlib
     import os
     from pathlib import Path
     import re
@@ -143,12 +144,14 @@ def main() -> int:
 
         * ``isatty()`` unconditionally returns True, tricking downstream
           code into emitting TTY-format output.
-        * Input is split on ``\\n`` / ``\\r`` via
-          ``str.splitlines(keepends=True)`` and any complete line whose
+        * Input is split with ``str.splitlines(keepends=True)``, which
+          breaks on more than ``\\n`` and ``\\r``; form feed and a few
+          other control characters count too. Any piece whose
           ANSI-stripped, right-stripped form matches one of
           ``filter_lines`` is dropped.
-        * Incomplete trailing chunks are held in a buffer until a
-          terminator arrives.
+        * Only the final piece can still be waiting for more text, so
+          that one is held until a ``\\n`` or ``\\r`` arrives. A piece
+          that ended on one of the other breaks goes out as it is.
 
         Mirrors the matching semantics of ``esphome.util.RedirectText``
         so filter patterns behave identically in both the PlatformIO
@@ -179,6 +182,44 @@ def main() -> int:
         def flush(self) -> None:
             self._stream.flush()
 
+        def _emit(self, line: str) -> None:
+            if self._filter_pattern is not None:
+                stripped = ansi_escape.sub("", line).rstrip()
+                if self._filter_pattern.match(stripped) is not None:
+                    return
+            self._stream.write(line)
+
+        def drain(self) -> None:
+            """Write out a held-back line that never got its terminator.
+
+            idf.py and CMake do not always end their last line with a
+            newline, and a build that dies part way through can stop mid
+            line. Without this the user is left staring at a build that
+            ended with no explanation.
+            """
+            if not self._line_buffer:
+                return
+            line, self._line_buffer = self._line_buffer, ""
+            try:
+                # Add the terminator the line never got, so whatever ESPHome
+                # prints next does not run onto the same line.
+                self._emit(line + "\n")
+                self._stream.flush()
+            except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+                # We are called from cleanup, so raising would replace the
+                # build's real exit code. Saying so must not raise either:
+                # under the dashboard our stdout and stderr are the same
+                # pipe, so whatever broke the write has most likely broken
+                # the report, and ``sys.__stderr__`` is None on some
+                # interpreters. Carry the line along; it is usually the
+                # message saying why the build failed.
+                if (real_stderr := sys.__stderr__) is not None:
+                    with contextlib.suppress(OSError, ValueError):
+                        print(
+                            f"Could not write out remaining output ({err}): {line}",
+                            file=real_stderr,
+                        )
+
         def write(self, data) -> int:
             # Text streams normally hand us ``str``; decode in case
             # somebody writes bytes directly.
@@ -186,21 +227,32 @@ def main() -> int:
                 data = data.decode(errors="replace")
 
             if self._filter_pattern is None:
-                self._stream.write(data)
-                return len(data)
+                # Nothing to match against, so no need to wait for a full line.
+                self._emit(data)
+            else:
+                lines = (self._line_buffer + data).splitlines(keepends=True)
+                # Every piece but the last ends with something
+                # ``str.splitlines`` treats as a break, so only the last one
+                # can still be waiting for more text. Hold that one, write
+                # out the rest.
+                #
+                # Some of those breaks are not line endings to us, a form
+                # feed for one, so a piece can go out without ending in a
+                # newline. That beats what we did before, which was to stop
+                # at the first such piece and drop every complete line
+                # behind it.
+                if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(("\n", "\r")):
+                    self._line_buffer = lines.pop()
+                else:
+                    self._line_buffer = ""
+                for line in lines:
+                    self._emit(line)
 
-            self._line_buffer += data
-            for line in self._line_buffer.splitlines(keepends=True):
-                if "\n" not in line and "\r" not in line:
-                    # Incomplete — hold until we see a terminator.
-                    self._line_buffer = line
-                    break
-                self._line_buffer = ""
-
-                stripped = ansi_escape.sub("", line).rstrip()
-                if self._filter_pattern.match(stripped) is not None:
-                    continue
-                self._stream.write(line)
+            # We tell idf.py it is talking to a terminal, so it sends progress
+            # bars and cursor moves. Our own stdout is usually a pipe, which is
+            # block buffered, so without this the build looks frozen until
+            # 8 KiB of output piles up.
+            self._stream.flush()
             return len(data)
 
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
@@ -217,8 +269,8 @@ def main() -> int:
     is_verbose = any(arg in ("-v", "--verbose") for arg in sys.argv[2:])
     filter_lines = None if is_verbose else FILTER_IDF_LINES or None
 
-    sys.stdout = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stdout, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
-    sys.stderr = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stderr, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    stdout_shim = sys.stdout = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stdout, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    stderr_shim = sys.stderr = _FilteringTTYStream(sys.stderr, filter_lines)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
     # Shift argv so the target script sees its own path as argv[0] and
     # its own arguments starting at argv[1]. runpy.run_path does not
@@ -236,8 +288,19 @@ def main() -> int:
 
     # If idf.py calls sys.exit(), SystemExit propagates out of run_path
     # and carries the exit code back to our caller. For normal returns,
-    # fall through and exit with 0.
-    runpy.run_path(script_path, run_name="__main__")
+    # fall through and exit with 0. Either way the streams get a chance to
+    # release a last line that never got its terminator. Drain the shims we
+    # made rather than sys.stdout, which the script is free to replace, and
+    # report instead of raising so cleanup cannot bury the real exit code.
+    try:
+        runpy.run_path(script_path, run_name="__main__")
+    finally:
+        # Drain stderr from a finally so a surprise from the first one cannot
+        # strand the second.
+        try:
+            stdout_shim.drain()
+        finally:
+            stderr_shim.drain()
     return 0
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py b/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py
index 3ba0bf3b4d..2be3634c69 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/size_summary.py
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.size_summary import print_size_line
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 _SIZE_SUFFIXES = {"K": 1024, "M": 1024 * 1024}
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ def _find_app_partition_size(partitions_csv: Path) -> int:
     """
     if not partitions_csv.is_file():
         raise ValueError(f"partitions.csv not found at {partitions_csv}")
-    for row in csv.reader(partitions_csv.read_text().splitlines()):
+    for row in csv.reader(partitions_csv.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()):
         cells = [c.strip() for c in row]
         if not cells or cells[0].startswith("#") or len(cells) < 5:
             continue
@@ -67,18 +69,6 @@ def _find_app_partition_size(partitions_csv: Path) -> int:
     raise ValueError(f"No app+factory or app+ota_0 partition in {partitions_csv}")
 
 
-def _format_bar(used: int, total: int) -> str:
-    """Match PlatformIO's ``_format_availale_bytes`` (pioupload.py) exactly."""
-    pct_raw = used / total if total else 0
-    blocks = 10
-    filled = min(int(round(blocks * pct_raw)), blocks)
-    progress = "=" * filled
-    return (
-        f"[{progress:<{blocks}}] {pct_raw: 6.1%} "
-        f"(used {used:d} bytes from {total:d} bytes)"
-    )
-
-
 def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     """Print PlatformIO-shaped RAM and Flash one-liners.
 
@@ -89,7 +79,7 @@ def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping size summary: %s not found", size_json)
         return
     try:
-        data = json.loads(size_json.read_text())
+        data = json.loads(size_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError) as e:
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping size summary: %s", e)
         return
@@ -99,7 +89,7 @@ def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     ram_used = ram_region.get("used")
     ram_total = ram_region.get("size")
     if ram_total and ram_used is not None:
-        print(f"RAM:   {_format_bar(ram_used, ram_total)}")
+        print_size_line("RAM", ram_used, ram_total)
 
     image_size = data.get("image_size")
     if image_size is None or partitions_csv is None:
@@ -109,4 +99,4 @@ def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     except ValueError as e:
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping Flash summary: %s", e)
         return
-    print(f"Flash: {_format_bar(image_size, app_size)}")
+    print_size_line("Flash", image_size, app_size)
diff --git a/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py b/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py
index 000ce739db..986f9dfb8b 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf/toolchain.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """ESP-IDF direct build API for ESPHome."""
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import hashlib
 import json
 import logging
 import os
@@ -9,12 +10,21 @@ import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 
-from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_FLASH_SIZE, KEY_IDF_VERSION
-from esphome.const import CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_SOURCE
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT,
+    CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
+    KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_FLASH_SIZE,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.espidf import variant_to_idf_target
 from esphome.espidf.framework import check_esp_idf_install, get_framework_env
 from esphome.espidf.size_summary import print_summary
-from esphome.helpers import add_git_ceiling_directory
+from esphome.helpers import add_git_ceiling_directory, write_file
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -51,6 +61,27 @@ def _get_framework_source_override() -> str | None:
     return CORE.config.get(KEY_ESP32, {}).get(CONF_FRAMEWORK, {}).get(CONF_SOURCE)
 
 
+def _get_configured_targets() -> list[str] | None:
+    """Return the IDF install target for the configured variant, if known.
+
+    Limiting the toolchain install to the variant being built skips the other
+    architecture's compiler entirely (several hundred MB of download and 1-2GB
+    of disk). idf_tools.py accumulates targets across runs, so building a
+    second variant later installs just its toolchain incrementally. None (no
+    variant stored, e.g. tooling outside a build) falls back to the default
+    inside check_esp_idf_install.
+
+    CI always installs every target (None falls through to the "all"
+    default): runners share one toolchain cache across jobs that build
+    different variants, so a full install keeps the cached tree identical
+    everywhere instead of per-variant supersets invalidating each other.
+    """
+    if os.environ.get("CI"):
+        return None
+    variant = CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP32, {}).get(KEY_VARIANT)
+    return [variant_to_idf_target(variant)] if variant else None
+
+
 def _get_esphome_esp_idf_paths(
     version: str | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[os.PathLike, os.PathLike]:
@@ -58,7 +89,9 @@ def _get_esphome_esp_idf_paths(
     paths = _cache().paths
     if version not in paths:
         paths[version] = check_esp_idf_install(
-            version, source_url=_get_framework_source_override()
+            version,
+            targets=_get_configured_targets(),
+            source_url=_get_framework_source_override(),
         )
     return paths[version]
 
@@ -77,6 +110,8 @@ def _get_idf_env(version: str | None = None) -> dict[str, str]:
     env_cache = _cache().env
     if version not in env_cache:
         env_cache[version] = os.environ.copy()
+        # Do not leak PYTHONPATH into child env
+        env_cache[version].pop("PYTHONPATH", None)
 
         # Use provided IDF framework if available
         if "IDF_PATH" not in os.environ:
@@ -94,6 +129,14 @@ def _get_idf_env(version: str | None = None) -> dict[str, str]:
 def _get_cmake_output(build_dir) -> str:
     cmake_output_cache = _cache().cmake_output
     if build_dir not in cmake_output_cache:
+        # Check the build before resolving the env: _get_idf_env() runs
+        # check_esp_idf_install(), which can download and install the whole
+        # framework. Never start that for a build that isn't there. Callers
+        # such as the log stack-trace decoder run against devices that were
+        # never compiled on this machine.
+        if not (Path(build_dir) / "CMakeCache.txt").is_file():
+            raise EsphomeError(f"No ESP-IDF build found in {build_dir}")
+
         cmd = ["cmake", "-LA", "-N", "."]
 
         env = _get_idf_env()
@@ -147,7 +190,10 @@ def _get_idf_tool(name: str) -> str:
 
 
 def run_idf_py(
-    *args, cwd: Path | None = None, capture_output: bool = False
+    *args,
+    cwd: Path | None = None,
+    capture_output: bool = False,
+    jobs: int | None = None,
 ) -> int | str:
     """Run idf.py with the given arguments."""
     idf_path = _get_idf_path()
@@ -155,6 +201,8 @@ def run_idf_py(
         raise EsphomeError("ESP-IDF not found")
 
     env = _get_idf_env()
+    if jobs is not None:
+        env = {**env, "IDF_PY_BUILD_JOBS": str(jobs)}
     python_executable = _get_idf_tool("python")
     idf_py = idf_path / "tools" / "idf.py"
     # Dispatch idf.py through esphome.espidf.runner, which wraps
@@ -209,6 +257,106 @@ def run_reconfigure() -> int:
     return run_idf_py(*_get_sdkconfig_args(), "reconfigure")
 
 
+def _builtin_component_cache_path() -> Path | None:
+    """Cache file for this build's built-in component list.
+
+    The file lives inside the extracted framework directory so it is
+    discarded together with that exact checkout (re-extract, source
+    override, clean-all); the target and the EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS set name it.
+    The sdkconfig is not part of the key: IDF components register regardless
+    of CONFIG_* options and only gate their sources on them. A checkout
+    supplied through IDF_PATH is not managed by ESPHome and is never cached.
+    """
+    if "IDF_PATH" in os.environ:
+        return None
+    target = variant_to_idf_target(CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_VARIANT])
+    excluded = CORE.cmake_args.get("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "")
+    excluded_key = hashlib.sha256(excluded.encode()).hexdigest()[:12]
+    return (
+        _get_idf_path() / ".esphome_component_lists" / f"{target}-{excluded_key}.json"
+    )
+
+
+def load_cached_builtin_components() -> list[str] | None:
+    """Return the cached built-in component list for this build, if valid.
+
+    Every name must still exist under ``$IDF_PATH/components`` so a stale
+    entry is treated as a miss instead of failing the configure.
+    """
+    if (path := _builtin_component_cache_path()) is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        components = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        present = {
+            entry.name
+            for entry in (path.parents[1] / "components").iterdir()
+            if entry.is_dir()
+        }
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    if (
+        isinstance(components, list)
+        and all(isinstance(c, str) for c in components)
+        and present.issuperset(components)
+    ):
+        return components
+    return None
+
+
+def save_cached_builtin_components(components: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Store a built-in component list that just configured successfully."""
+    if not components or (path := _builtin_component_cache_path()) is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        write_file(path, json.dumps(components, separators=(",", ":")))
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Could not write component list cache %s: %s", path, err)
+
+
+def _write_project_and_reconfigure(builtin_components: list[str] | None) -> int:
+    """Write the full CMakeLists.txt and run the configure for it."""
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Writing CMakeLists.txt with the built-in component list...")
+    write_project(minimal=False, builtin_components=builtin_components)
+    # Explicit reconfigure: ninja only re-runs cmake when CMakeLists.txt
+    # is strictly newer than build.ninja, which fails on coarse-mtime
+    # filesystems (#18682). Also keeps idf.py from regenerating memory.ld
+    # in testing mode.
+    return run_reconfigure()
+
+
+def _configure_project() -> int:
+    """Configure the project, discovering the built-in components if needed.
+
+    A cached component list skips the discovery configure. If the configure
+    with a cached list fails the entry is dropped and discovery runs once; a
+    list is only cached after it configured successfully.
+    """
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_available_components, write_project
+
+    if (cached := load_cached_builtin_components()) is not None:
+        _LOGGER.info("Using cached ESP-IDF component list")
+        if _write_project_and_reconfigure(cached) == 0:
+            return 0
+        _LOGGER.warning("Cached component list failed; rediscovering")
+        _builtin_component_cache_path().unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    _LOGGER.info("Discovering available ESP-IDF components...")
+    write_project(minimal=True)
+    if (rc := run_reconfigure()) != 0:
+        _LOGGER.error("Component discovery failed")
+        return rc
+    discovered = get_available_components()
+    if not discovered:
+        _LOGGER.error("Component discovery found no built-in ESP-IDF components")
+        return 1
+    if (rc := _write_project_and_reconfigure(discovered)) != 0:
+        _LOGGER.error("Reconfigure with discovered components failed")
+        return rc
+    save_cached_builtin_components(discovered)
+    return 0
+
+
 def has_outdated_files():
     """Check if the build configuration is stale.
 
@@ -226,6 +374,11 @@ def has_outdated_files():
       happen without any sdkconfig impact, and ``_write_idf_component_yml``
       already deletes ``dependencies.lock`` on a change but that signal
       gets lost as soon as the lock is missing.
+    - ``exclude_components.esphomeinternal`` -- the resolved
+      EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS set. Excluded components never register in
+      ``project_description.json``, so re-including one needs a fresh
+      discovery pass before it can appear in the builtin-components
+      property that ``src`` REQUIRES.
 
     We deliberately don't watch:
     - The top-level/src ``CMakeLists.txt`` -- ESPHome owns those, and
@@ -244,6 +397,9 @@ def has_outdated_files():
         f"sdkconfig.{CORE.name}.esphomeinternal"
     )
     idf_component_yml_path = CORE.relative_build_path("src/idf_component.yml")
+    exclude_components_path = CORE.relative_build_path(
+        "exclude_components.esphomeinternal"
+    )
     dependency_lock_path = CORE.relative_build_path("dependencies.lock")
     build_ninja_path = CORE.relative_build_path("build/build.ninja")
 
@@ -262,7 +418,11 @@ def has_outdated_files():
     cmakecache_txt_mtime = cmakecache_txt_path.stat().st_mtime
     return any(
         f.stat().st_mtime > cmakecache_txt_mtime
-        for f in [sdkconfig_internal_path, idf_component_yml_path]
+        for f in [
+            sdkconfig_internal_path,
+            idf_component_yml_path,
+            exclude_components_path,
+        ]
         if f.exists()
     )
 
@@ -323,33 +483,27 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
     """Compile the ESP-IDF project.
 
     Uses two-phase configure to auto-discover available components:
-    1. If no previous build, configure with minimal REQUIRES to discover components
+    1. If no previous build, configure with minimal REQUIRES to discover
+       components (skipped when a cached list for this IDF/target/exclusion
+       set exists)
     2. Regenerate CMakeLists.txt with discovered components
     3. Run full build
     """
-    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
-
     # Check if we need to do discovery phase
-    if need_reconfigure():
-        _LOGGER.info("Discovering available ESP-IDF components...")
-        write_project(minimal=True)
-        rc = run_reconfigure()
-        if rc != 0:
-            _LOGGER.error("Component discovery failed")
+    if not need_reconfigure():
+        _LOGGER.info("Build configuration is up to date")
+    else:
+        if (rc := _configure_project()) != 0:
             return rc
-        _LOGGER.info("Regenerating CMakeLists.txt with discovered components...")
-        write_project(minimal=False)
-        if CORE.testing_mode:
-            # Reconfigure again so cmake is up to date with the full
-            # component list before the build's idf.py invocation runs --
-            # idf.py build would otherwise re-run cmake and regenerate
-            # memory.ld, wiping the DRAM/IRAM patches applied below.
-            # Outside testing mode ninja's own configure-time dep on
-            # CMakeLists.txt handles the re-run as part of the build step.
-            rc = run_reconfigure()
-            if rc != 0:
-                _LOGGER.error("Reconfigure with discovered components failed")
-                return rc
+        # cmake does not rewrite CMakeCache.txt when only properties change,
+        # so restamp it or every build repeats discovery. Only after success,
+        # or a failed reconfigure would be marked fresh. build.ninja is
+        # restamped too so the cache is not newer and ninja does not
+        # re-run cmake.
+        for name in ("build/CMakeCache.txt", "build/build.ninja"):
+            path = CORE.relative_build_path(name)
+            if path.is_file():
+                os.utime(path)
 
     # In testing mode, generate the linker script first, patch DRAM/IRAM sizes,
     # then build. memory.ld is regenerated by ninja during the build phase,
@@ -384,7 +538,7 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
     args.append("build")
     args.append("size")
 
-    rc = run_idf_py(*args)
+    rc = run_idf_py(*args, jobs=config[CONF_ESPHOME].get(CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT))
     if rc == 0:
         size_json = CORE.relative_build_path("build", "esp_idf_size.json")
         partitions = CORE.relative_build_path("partitions.csv")
@@ -457,25 +611,15 @@ def get_idedata() -> dict | None:
     idedata fields IDE integrations and clang-tidy expect, cached alongside the
     PlatformIO idedata path. Returns None if the compile DB doesn't exist yet.
     """
-    from esphome.espidf.idedata import idedata_from_build
+    from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import load_or_build_idedata
 
-    compile_commands = CORE.relative_build_path("build", "compile_commands.json")
-    if not compile_commands.is_file():
-        _LOGGER.debug("No %s yet; skipping idedata generation", compile_commands)
-        return None
-
-    cache = CORE.relative_internal_path("idedata", f"{CORE.name}.json")
-    if cache.is_file() and cache.stat().st_mtime >= compile_commands.stat().st_mtime:
-        try:
-            return json.loads(cache.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-
-    data = idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
-    data["prog_path"] = str(get_elf_path())
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
-    return data
+    # No launcher: CMake excludes CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_LAUNCHER (ccache)
+    # from the exported compile database, unlike ninja's compdb dump.
+    return load_or_build_idedata(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("build", "compile_commands.json"),
+        get_elf_path(),
+        CORE.relative_internal_path("idedata", f"{CORE.name}.json"),
+    )
 
 
 def create_factory_bin() -> bool:
diff --git a/esphome/espota2.py b/esphome/espota2.py
index 266702c142..ca833f1816 100644
--- a/esphome/espota2.py
+++ b/esphome/espota2.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import contextlib
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import io
@@ -8,7 +9,6 @@ import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import secrets
 import socket
-import sys
 import time
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ RESPONSE_ERROR_PARTITION_TABLE_VERIFY = 0x8F
 RESPONSE_ERROR_PARTITION_TABLE_UPDATE = 0x90
 RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_VERIFY = 0x91
 RESPONSE_ERROR_BOOTLOADER_UPDATE = 0x92
+RESPONSE_ERROR_VERSION_DOWNGRADE = 0x93
 RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0xFF
 
 OTA_VERSION_1_0 = 1
@@ -75,6 +76,14 @@ _SUPPORTED_OTA_TYPES: frozenset[int] = frozenset(
 UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE = 8192
 UPLOAD_BUFFER_SIZE = UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE * 8
 
+# Flaky Wi-Fi links often drop the first OTA attempt, and the device may need time
+# to clean up a half-open connection (its handshake watchdog runs at 20s) before it
+# accepts a new one, so wait between attempts instead of failing the upload outright.
+# Every resolved address is tried once, and this many extra attempts are shared
+# across the addresses on top of that.
+EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS = 2
+UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY = 5.0
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Authentication method lookup table: response -> (hash_func, nonce_size, name)
@@ -157,6 +166,11 @@ _ERROR_MESSAGES: dict[int, str] = {
         "the bootloader update without rebooting the device. If the device "
         "fails to boot, recover it via a serial flash."
     ),
+    RESPONSE_ERROR_VERSION_DOWNGRADE: (
+        "The device rejected the update because it has OTA downgrade protection "
+        "enabled: the new firmware's version must be newer than the version the "
+        "device is currently running."
+    ),
     RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN: "Unknown error from ESP",
 }
 
@@ -165,6 +179,23 @@ class OTAError(EsphomeError):
     pass
 
 
+class OTANetworkError(OTAError):
+    """Network-level OTA failure (timeout, reset, closed connection); retrying may succeed."""
+
+
+def _committed_error(err: OTANetworkError) -> OTAError:
+    """Wrap a network failure that happened once the device had the full image.
+
+    Past that point the device commits and reboots on its own, so the failure
+    must not be retried; a re-upload could flash a device that already updated.
+    """
+    return OTAError(
+        f"{err} (the device may have already committed the update and "
+        f"be rebooting; check whether it comes back with the new "
+        f"firmware before uploading again)"
+    )
+
+
 def recv_decode(
     sock: socket.socket, amount: int, decode: bool = True
 ) -> bytes | list[int]:
@@ -203,19 +234,22 @@ def receive_exactly(
     try:
         data += recv_decode(sock, 1, decode=decode)  # type: ignore[operator]
     except OSError as err:
-        raise OTAError(f"receiving {msg} response: {err}") from err
+        raise OTANetworkError(f"receiving {msg} response: {err}") from err
 
     try:
         check_error(data, expect)
     except OTAError as err:
         sock.close()
-        raise OTAError(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
+        # type(err) preserves OTANetworkError vs OTAError so callers can tell
+        # retryable network failures from device-reported errors; subclasses
+        # must accept a single message argument
+        raise type(err)(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
 
     while len(data) < amount:
         try:
             data += recv_decode(sock, amount - len(data), decode=decode)  # type: ignore[operator]
         except OSError as err:
-            raise OTAError(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
+            raise OTANetworkError(f"receiving {msg}: {err}") from err
     return data
 
 
@@ -231,7 +265,7 @@ def check_error(data: list[int] | bytes, expect: int | list[int] | None) -> None
     # accept-any-response reads (e.g. feature negotiation, auth nonces) would be
     # silently passed through and surface later as cryptic decode/timeout failures.
     if not data:
-        raise OTAError(
+        raise OTANetworkError(
             "Device closed connection without responding. "
             "This may indicate the device ran out of memory, "
             "a network issue, or the connection was interrupted."
@@ -268,7 +302,7 @@ def send_check(
 
         sock.sendall(data)
     except OSError as err:
-        raise OTAError(f"sending {msg}: {err}") from err
+        raise OTANetworkError(f"sending {msg}: {err}") from err
 
 
 def perform_ota(
@@ -300,7 +334,7 @@ def perform_ota(
     send_check(sock, MAGIC_BYTES, "magic bytes")
 
     _, version = receive_exactly(sock, 2, "version", RESPONSE_OK)
-    _LOGGER.debug("Device support OTA version: %s", version)
+    _LOGGER.info("Connection established; device supports OTA version %s", version)
     supported_versions = (OTA_VERSION_1_0, OTA_VERSION_2_0)
     if version not in supported_versions:
         raise OTAError(
@@ -411,6 +445,8 @@ def perform_ota(
         hash_func, nonce_size, hash_name = _AUTH_METHODS[auth]
         perform_auth(sock, password, hash_func, nonce_size, hash_name)
 
+    _LOGGER.info("Handshake complete")
+
     # Timeout must match device-side OTA_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_DATA to prevent premature failures
     sock.settimeout(90.0)
 
@@ -424,8 +460,14 @@ def perform_ota(
         (upload_size >> 8) & 0xFF,
         (upload_size >> 0) & 0xFF,
     ]
+    # The device erases flash between receiving the size and acking the
+    # prepare, so this window shows the erase cost (near zero when the
+    # device erases lazily during the upload)
+    prepare_start = time.perf_counter()
     send_check(sock, upload_size_encoded, "binary size")
     receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update prepare result", RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK)
+    prepare_duration = time.perf_counter() - prepare_start
+    _LOGGER.info("Preparing for upload took %.2f seconds", prepare_duration)
 
     upload_md5 = hashlib.md5(upload_contents).hexdigest()
     _LOGGER.debug("MD5 of upload is %s", upload_md5)
@@ -443,21 +485,43 @@ def perform_ota(
 
     offset = 0
     progress = ProgressBar("Uploading")
-    while True:
-        chunk = upload_contents[offset : offset + UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE]
-        if not chunk:
-            break
-        offset += len(chunk)
+    try:
+        while True:
+            chunk = upload_contents[offset : offset + UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE]
+            if not chunk:
+                break
+            offset += len(chunk)
+
+            try:
+                sock.sendall(chunk)
+            except OSError as err:
+                # A send failure can hide an error byte the device reported
+                # just before dropping the connection; surface that as the
+                # real, non-retryable cause when it is available
+                try:
+                    sock.settimeout(1.0)
+                    check_error(recv_decode(sock, 1), None)
+                except (OSError, OTANetworkError) as probe_err:
+                    _LOGGER.debug(
+                        "No device error behind the send failure: %s", probe_err
+                    )
+                raise OTANetworkError(f"sending data: {err}") from err
 
-        try:
-            sock.sendall(chunk)
             if version >= OTA_VERSION_2_0:
-                receive_exactly(sock, 1, "chunk result", RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK)
-        except OSError as err:
-            sys.stderr.write("\n")
-            raise OTAError(f"sending data: {err}") from err
+                try:
+                    receive_exactly(sock, 1, "chunk result", RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK)
+                except OTANetworkError as err:
+                    if offset < upload_size:
+                        raise
+                    # The device already had the complete image when this ack
+                    # was lost, so it may be committing; do not retry
+                    raise _committed_error(err) from err
 
-        progress.update(offset / upload_size)
+            progress.update(offset / upload_size)
+    except OTAError:
+        # Terminate the progress bar line before the error is logged
+        progress.done()
+        raise
     progress.done()
 
     # Enable nodelay for last checks
@@ -466,11 +530,37 @@ def perform_ota(
 
     _LOGGER.info("Upload took %.2f seconds, waiting for result...", duration)
 
-    receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update receive result", RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK)
-    receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update end result", RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK)
-    send_check(sock, RESPONSE_OK, "end acknowledgement")
+    # Once the device has the complete image it commits the update and
+    # reboots on its own; the exact commit point is not observable from
+    # here, so treat everything past the data phase as non-retryable. A
+    # re-upload could flash a device that already updated successfully.
+    commit_start = time.perf_counter()
+    try:
+        receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update receive result", RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK)
+        receive_exactly(sock, 1, "update end result", RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK)
+    except OTANetworkError as err:
+        raise _committed_error(err) from err
+    commit_duration = time.perf_counter() - commit_start
 
-    _LOGGER.info("OTA successful")
+    # Sum of the named windows so the breakdown is self consistent; connect,
+    # handshake, auth, and the one MD5 round trip are not included
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Update took %.2f seconds (prepare %.2f, upload %.2f, commit %.2f)",
+        prepare_duration + duration + commit_duration,
+        prepare_duration,
+        duration,
+        commit_duration,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        send_check(sock, RESPONSE_OK, "end acknowledgement")
+    except OTANetworkError as err:
+        # The device treats a missing end acknowledgement as non-fatal and is
+        # already rebooting into the new firmware, so the update succeeded
+        _LOGGER.warning("Failed sending end acknowledgement: %s", err)
+        _LOGGER.info("OTA successful (end acknowledgement not delivered)")
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.info("OTA successful")
 
     # Do not connect logs until it is fully on
     time.sleep(1)
@@ -504,8 +594,33 @@ def run_ota_impl_(
         )
         raise OTAError(err) from err
 
-    for r in res:
-        af, socktype, _, _, sa = r
+    if not res:
+        _LOGGER.error("No addresses to connect to for %s", remote_host)
+        return 1, None
+
+    # Every address is tried at least once and EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS retries
+    # are shared across the addresses, cycling through them. Wait before an
+    # attempt when the previous one actually reached the device, or when
+    # revisiting an address, so a flaky link can recover and the device can
+    # clean up a half-open connection (its handshake watchdog runs at 20s);
+    # moving on to the next address family stays immediate. Known limitation:
+    # a silent mid-transfer drop with no reset can wedge the device until its
+    # 90s data timeout, which outlasts this budget; the retries target the
+    # common failures where the device resets or closes the link promptly.
+    total_attempts = len(res) + EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS
+    last_error = ""
+    reached_device = False
+    for attempt in range(total_attempts):
+        af, socktype, _, _, sa = res[attempt % len(res)]
+        if reached_device or attempt >= len(res):
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Retrying in %.0f seconds (attempt %d of %d)...",
+                UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY,
+                attempt + 1,
+                total_attempts,
+            )
+            time.sleep(UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+        reached_device = False
         _LOGGER.info("Connecting to %s port %s...", sa[0], sa[1])
         sock = socket.socket(af, socktype)
         sock.settimeout(20.0)
@@ -513,23 +628,30 @@ def run_ota_impl_(
             sock.connect(sa)
         except OSError as err:
             sock.close()
-            _LOGGER.error("Connecting to %s port %s failed: %s", sa[0], sa[1], err)
+            _LOGGER.warning("Connecting to %s port %s failed: %s", sa[0], sa[1], err)
+            last_error = f"connecting to {sa[0]} failed: {err}"
             continue
 
         _LOGGER.info("Connected to %s", sa[0])
-        with Path(filename).open("rb") as file_handle:
+        reached_device = True
+        with contextlib.closing(sock), Path(filename).open("rb") as file_handle:
             try:
                 perform_ota(sock, password, file_handle, filename, ota_type)
+            except OTANetworkError as err:
+                # Transient network failure; retry
+                last_error = str(err)
+                _LOGGER.warning("%s", last_error)
+                continue
             except OTAError as err:
+                # Device-reported error (wrong password, wrong flash size, ...);
+                # retrying cannot succeed, so fail immediately
                 _LOGGER.error(str(err))
                 return 1, None
-            finally:
-                sock.close()
 
         # Successfully uploaded to sa[0]
         return 0, sa[0]
 
-    _LOGGER.error("Connection failed.")
+    _LOGGER.error("Upload failed after %d attempts: %s", total_attempts, last_error)
     return 1, None
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/expression.py b/esphome/expression.py
index d425d822a4..13da3b6a06 100644
--- a/esphome/expression.py
+++ b/esphome/expression.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Helpers for detecting substitution variables and Jinja expressions."""
+"""Helpers for detecting and matching substitution variables and Jinja expressions."""
 
 import re
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SUBSTITUTION_VARIABLE_PROG = re.compile(
     rf"\$([{VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS}]+|\{{[{VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS}]*\}})"
 )
 
-_JINJA_RE = re.compile(
+JINJA_PROG = re.compile(
     r"<%.+?%>"  # Block: <% ... %>
     r"|\$\{[^}]+\}",  # Braced: ${ ... }
     flags=re.MULTILINE,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ _JINJA_RE = re.compile(
 
 def has_jinja(value: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a string contains Jinja expressions."""
-    return _JINJA_RE.search(value) is not None
+    return JINJA_PROG.search(value) is not None
 
 
 def has_substitution_or_expression(value: str) -> bool:
diff --git a/esphome/external_files.py b/esphome/external_files.py
index 4e73c8dc21..ff3b5baf7a 100644
--- a/esphome/external_files.py
+++ b/esphome/external_files.py
@@ -1,27 +1,75 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 import contextlib
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from functools import partial
+import hashlib
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import time
 
-import requests
-
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FILE, CONF_TYPE, CONF_URL, __version__
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, TimePeriodSeconds
 from esphome.helpers import write_file
+from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@landonr"]
 
+DOMAIN = "external_files"
+
 NETWORK_TIMEOUT = 30
 
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class RemoteFile:
+    """A remote file to prefetch, yielded in stages by ``PREFETCH_FILES``
+    hooks. A dataclass rather than a tuple so fields can be added later."""
+
+    url: str
+    path: Path
+    # False when nothing downstream can verify the bytes; a copy that
+    # cannot be revalidated is then an error, not a silent fallback.
+    allow_stale: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class FailedDownload:
+    """What went wrong for a cache path this run, kept for fast replay."""
+
+    url: str
+    message: str
+    cause: BaseException
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExternalFilesRunData:
+    """Per-run download state, cleared by ``CORE.reset()`` between runs."""
+
+    # Verified fresh this run; later touches skip even the conditional HEAD.
+    fresh_paths: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Served from disk without revalidation; strict callers reject these.
+    stale_paths: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Served under skip_external_update, deliberately unchecked; skips the
+    # network like fresh_paths but never counts as verified.
+    unchecked_paths: set[Path] = field(default_factory=set)
+    # Failed with no usable copy; later touches replay the error fast.
+    failed_paths: dict[Path, FailedDownload] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+def _run_data() -> ExternalFilesRunData:
+    if (data := CORE.data.get(DOMAIN)) is not None:
+        return data
+    # setdefault: first touch may race on download_content_many's workers.
+    return CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, ExternalFilesRunData())
+
+
 IF_MODIFIED_SINCE = "If-Modified-Since"
 IF_NONE_MATCH = "If-None-Match"
 ETAG = "ETag"
@@ -92,6 +140,9 @@ def _write_etag(local_file_path: Path, etag: str | None) -> None:
 def has_remote_file_changed(
     url: str, local_file_path: Path, timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT
 ) -> bool:
+    # Deferred so configs with no remote files skip the heavy import.
+    import requests
+
     if local_file_path.exists():
         _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File exists at %s", local_file_path)
         try:
@@ -106,8 +157,15 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(
             }
             if etag := _read_etag(local_file_path):
                 headers[IF_NONE_MATCH] = etag
-            response = requests.head(
-                url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout, allow_redirects=True
+            # Retried so allow_stale=False consumers don't hard-fail on a
+            # healed flake. Only connection-level failures retry: HEAD
+            # never raises on HTTP status (servers rejecting HEAD with
+            # 405/501 must fall through to the GET), so 5xx is handled by
+            # the GET's own retry.
+            response = fetch_with_retry(
+                url,
+                partial(http_request, "HEAD", url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout),
+                what="Revalidation",
             )
 
             _LOGGER.debug(
@@ -125,6 +183,9 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(
                 )
                 if (new_etag := response.headers.get(ETAG)) and new_etag != etag:
                     _write_etag(local_file_path, new_etag)
+                # A confirmed 304 supersedes any earlier failed
+                # revalidation of this file.
+                _run_data().stale_paths.discard(local_file_path)
                 return False
             _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File modified")
             return True
@@ -134,6 +195,9 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(
                 url,
                 e,
             )
+            # The copy is a fallback, not a verified 304; record that so
+            # callers that must not use unverified bytes can reject it.
+            _run_data().stale_paths.add(local_file_path)
             return False
 
     _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File doesn't exists at %s", local_file_path)
@@ -157,22 +221,87 @@ def compute_local_file_dir(domain: str) -> Path:
     return base_directory
 
 
-def download_content(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT) -> bytes:
+def url_cache_key(url: str) -> str:
+    """Short stable cache key for a URL."""
+    return hashlib.sha256(url.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
+
+
+def compute_local_file_path(domain: str, url: str) -> Path:
+    """Cache path for a URL-keyed download under the domain's cache dir.
+
+    Pure (no mkdir); parent directories are created at write time.
+    """
+    return Path(CORE.data_dir) / domain / url_cache_key(url)
+
+
+def is_fresh_this_run(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Whether `path` was verified or downloaded during this run."""
+    return path in _run_data().fresh_paths
+
+
+def download_content(
+    url: str,
+    path: Path,
+    timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT,
+    allow_stale: bool = True,
+    return_content: bool = True,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Download `url` into `path` and return the bytes, using the cache.
+
+    On network failure an on-disk copy is served with a warning, unless
+    ``allow_stale=False``. ``CORE.skip_external_update`` always serves the
+    copy. ``return_content=False`` skips the disk read on cache hits.
+    """
+
+    # Deferred so configs with no remote files skip the heavy import.
+    import requests
+
+    def _cached() -> bytes:
+        return path.read_bytes() if return_content else b""
+
+    # Memoized paths skip the network entirely; concurrent access is safe
+    # because download_content_many dedupes by path before fanning out.
+    run_data = _run_data()
+    fresh_paths = run_data.fresh_paths
+    if (path in fresh_paths or path in run_data.unchecked_paths) and path.exists():
+        return _cached()
+    if allow_stale and path in run_data.stale_paths and path.exists():
+        # Strict callers fall through to try the network themselves.
+        _LOGGER.info("Using cached copy of %s that could not be revalidated", url)
+        return _cached()
+    if (failure := run_data.failed_paths.get(path)) is not None:
+        if not path.exists():
+            if failure.url == url:
+                raise cv.Invalid(failure.message) from failure.cause
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Could not download from {url}: an earlier download of "
+                f"{failure.url} to the same cache file failed: {failure.cause}"
+            ) from failure.cause
+        # The file appeared since the failure; revalidate normally.
+        del run_data.failed_paths[path]
     if CORE.skip_external_update and path.exists():
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping update for %s (refresh disabled)", url)
-        return path.read_bytes()
+        run_data.unchecked_paths.add(path)
+        return _cached()
     if not has_remote_file_changed(url, path, timeout):
+        if path in run_data.stale_paths:
+            # The HEAD fell back to the copy without confirming it.
+            if not allow_stale:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Could not check {url} for updates due to a network error "
+                    f"and the cached copy cannot be verified"
+                )
+            return _cached()
         _LOGGER.debug("Remote file has not changed %s", url)
-        return path.read_bytes()
+        fresh_paths.add(path)
+        return _cached()
 
-    _LOGGER.debug(
-        "Remote file has changed, downloading from %s to %s",
-        url,
-        path,
-    )
+    _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s", url)
+    _LOGGER.debug("Saving to %s", path)
 
-    try:
-        req = requests.get(
+    def _fetch() -> tuple[requests.Response, bytes]:
+        req = http_request(
+            "GET",
             url,
             timeout=timeout,
             headers={"User-agent": f"ESPHome/{__version__} (https://esphome.io)"},
@@ -182,19 +311,30 @@ def download_content(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT) -> by
         # and mid-stream connection errors all surface here as
         # RequestException subclasses, so this needs the same fall-back
         # treatment as the request itself.
-        data = req.content
+        return req, req.content
+
+    try:
+        req, data = fetch_with_retry(url, _fetch)
     except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
         if path.exists():
+            # Memoized so a flaky host warns once per run, not per consumer.
+            run_data.stale_paths.add(path)
+            if not allow_stale:
+                raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}") from e
             _LOGGER.warning(
                 "Could not download from %s due to network error (%s), using cached file",
                 url,
                 e,
             )
-            return path.read_bytes()
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}") from e
+            return _cached()
+        message = f"Could not download from {url}: {e}"
+        run_data.failed_paths[path] = FailedDownload(url, message, e)
+        raise cv.Invalid(message) from e
 
     write_file(path, data)
     _write_etag(path, req.headers.get(ETAG))
+    fresh_paths.add(path)
+    run_data.stale_paths.discard(path)
     return data
 
 
@@ -207,44 +347,46 @@ DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS = 8
 
 
 def download_content_many(
-    items: Iterable[tuple[str, Path]],
+    items: Iterable[RemoteFile],
     timeout: int = NETWORK_TIMEOUT,
     max_workers: int = DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS,
+    description: str = "remote file(s)",
 ) -> None:
-    """Run `download_content` for each (url, path) pair concurrently.
+    """Run `download_content` for each `RemoteFile` concurrently.
 
-    Wall time drops from `sum(latency)` to roughly `max(latency)` for cached
-    files where the HEAD round-trip dominates. All workers run to
-    completion before this returns; every `cv.Invalid` raised by a worker
-    is collected and surfaced together as `cv.MultipleInvalid` so the user
-    sees every broken file in a single validation pass instead of fixing
-    them one round-trip at a time.
-
-    Items are de-duplicated by `path` -- two callers asking for the same
-    cache file (e.g. the same URL referenced twice in a config) would
-    otherwise race on `download_content`'s non-atomic write. When the
-    same `path` appears more than once, the last URL wins (standard dict
-    comprehension semantics); in practice duplicate paths only arise when
-    the URL is duplicated, so the choice doesn't matter.
+    `description` names the files in the progress log line. All workers run
+    to completion; every `cv.Invalid` raised is surfaced together as
+    `cv.MultipleInvalid`. Items dedupe by `path` (avoiding write races on
+    the same cache file); the last URL wins and a strict
+    `allow_stale=False` from any duplicate is kept.
     """
-    seen: dict[Path, str] = {path: url for url, path in items}
-    if not seen:
+    seen: dict[Path, RemoteFile] = {}
+    for file in items:
+        if (prior := seen.get(file.path)) is not None and not prior.allow_stale:
+            file = RemoteFile(file.url, file.path, allow_stale=False)
+        seen[file.path] = file
+    unique = list(seen.values())
+    if not unique:
         return
-    if len(seen) == 1:
-        path, url = next(iter(seen.items()))
-        download_content(url, path, timeout)
+    _LOGGER.info("Checking %d %s for updates", len(unique), description)
+
+    def _download_one(file: RemoteFile) -> None:
+        download_content(
+            file.url,
+            file.path,
+            timeout,
+            allow_stale=file.allow_stale,
+            return_content=False,
+        )
+
+    if len(unique) == 1:
+        _download_one(unique[0])
         return
 
-    def _download_one(path_url: tuple[Path, str]) -> None:
-        # `seen` stores entries as (path, url) so the dict can dedupe by
-        # path; flip them back to download_content's (url, path) order.
-        path, url = path_url
-        download_content(url, path, timeout)
-
-    workers = max(1, min(max_workers, len(seen)))
+    workers = max(1, min(max_workers, len(unique)))
     errors: list[cv.Invalid] = []
     with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
-        futures = [ex.submit(_download_one, item) for item in seen.items()]
+        futures = [ex.submit(_download_one, file) for file in unique]
         for future in futures:
             try:
                 future.result()
@@ -257,6 +399,21 @@ def download_content_many(
     raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errors)
 
 
+def single_stage_prefetch(
+    extract: Callable[[ConfigType], RemoteFile | None],
+) -> Callable[[list[ConfigType]], Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]]:
+    """Build a one-batch ``PREFETCH_FILES`` hook from a per-entry extractor.
+
+    Covers the common case of one remote file per raw config entry;
+    components with staged downloads write their own generator.
+    """
+
+    def prefetch_files(entries: list[ConfigType]) -> Iterator[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [ref for entry in entries if (ref := extract(entry)) is not None]
+
+    return prefetch_files
+
+
 # Each component that uses external_files defines its own local
 # `TYPE_WEB = "web"`; the string is repeated here rather than imported
 # because there is no canonical `TYPE_WEB` in `esphome.const` to share.
@@ -276,7 +433,7 @@ def download_web_files_in_config(
     slotted directly into a `cv.All(...)` chain.
     """
     download_content_many(
-        (conf_file[CONF_URL], path_for(conf_file))
+        RemoteFile(conf_file[CONF_URL], path_for(conf_file))
         for entry in config
         if (conf_file := entry.get(CONF_FILE, {})).get(CONF_TYPE) == WEB_TYPE
     )
diff --git a/esphome/framework_helpers.py b/esphome/framework_helpers.py
index 69cecc58e2..aab7acc0e8 100644
--- a/esphome/framework_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/framework_helpers.py
@@ -1,23 +1,46 @@
 """Generic toolchain installation helpers shared across framework implementations."""
 
-from collections.abc import Iterable
-from contextlib import ExitStack
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager, suppress
+import hashlib
 import io
+import json
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import threading
 import time
-from typing import IO
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, rmtree
+from esphome.net_retry import (
+    NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS,
+    http_request,
+    is_transient_download_error,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import requests
 
 PathType = str | os.PathLike
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+# Attempts per mirror URL before falling through to the next mirror; only
+# mid-stream drops retry (resuming when the server gave a validator),
+# connect errors move on to the next mirror immediately.
+_MIRROR_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
+# Passes over the whole mirror list when a transient network error is in
+# the mix; shares net_retry's policy (3 tries, 2s/4s backoff), which in
+# turn matches git.py's _NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS.
+_MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS = NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS
+
+
 def get_project_link_flags() -> list[str]:
     """Return the sorted -Wl, linker flags from the current build."""
     from esphome.core import CORE  # local import to avoid circular dependency
@@ -37,6 +60,13 @@ def get_project_compile_flags() -> list[str]:
     ]
 
 
+def get_project_cxx_compile_flags() -> list[str]:
+    """Return the sorted flags that apply to C++ compiles only."""
+    from esphome.core import CORE  # local import to avoid circular dependency
+
+    return sorted(CORE.cxx_build_flags)
+
+
 def str_to_lst_of_str(a: str | list[str]) -> list[str]:
     """
     Convert a string to a list of string
@@ -133,6 +163,8 @@ def run_command(
         _LOGGER.debug("%s - running ...", cmd_str)
 
         run_env = os.environ.copy()
+        # Do not leak PYTHONPATH
+        run_env.pop("PYTHONPATH", None)
         if env:
             run_env.update(env)
 
@@ -172,6 +204,30 @@ def run_command(
         return False, None, None
 
 
+def tool_version_runs(binary: str, warning: str) -> bool:
+    """Probe ``binary --version``; on failure warn with ``warning`` % binary.
+
+    ``shutil.which`` proves existence, not runnability (Windows .bat/.cmd
+    shims, stale package-manager shims).
+    """
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(
+            [binary, "--version"],
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            timeout=15,
+            # Repo-wide convention (posix_spawn fast path)
+            close_fds=False,
+        )
+    except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as err:
+        # The cause (permission denied, missing DLL, timeout) is the one
+        # detail the user needs to fix it
+        _LOGGER.warning("%s (%s)", warning % binary, err)
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
 def run_command_ok(*args, **kwargs) -> bool:
     """
     Execute a command and return only the success status.
@@ -387,17 +443,23 @@ def _zip_extract_all(
             progress.update(1)
 
 
-def _rename_with_retry(src: Path, dst: Path, attempts: int = 5) -> None:
+def _rename_with_retry(
+    src: Path, dst: Path, attempts: int = 5, overwrite: bool = False
+) -> None:
     """Rename ``src`` to ``dst`` with backoff retries on Windows sharing violations.
 
     Antivirus/indexer handles on freshly-written files can briefly block
     ``os.rename`` with ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION / ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED. The
     handle is released within tens of ms in practice, so exponential backoff
-    works.
+    works. With ``overwrite`` an existing ``dst`` is replaced instead of
+    failing.
     """
     for i in range(attempts):
         try:
-            src.rename(dst)
+            if overwrite:
+                src.replace(dst)
+            else:
+                src.rename(dst)
             return
         except PermissionError:
             if i == attempts - 1:
@@ -518,8 +580,8 @@ def archive_extract_all(
         ValueError: If archive format is unsupported
     """
 
-    # 1. Handle different archive input types
     with ExitStack() as stack:
+        # 1. Handle different archive input types
         archive_ref: io.BufferedIOBase
         if isinstance(archive, (str, os.PathLike)):
             archive_ref = stack.enter_context(Path(archive).open("rb"))
@@ -545,11 +607,590 @@ def archive_extract_all(
         matched_fct(archive_ref, extract_dir, progress_header=progress_header)
 
 
+def _open_ranged(
+    url: str, offset: int, timeout: int, validator: str | None = None
+) -> tuple["requests.Response | None", int]:
+    """Open a streaming GET, asking the server to resume at ``offset``.
+
+    ``validator`` is an ETag or Last-Modified value from the interrupted
+    response; it is sent as ``If-Range`` so the server only honors the Range
+    when the content is unchanged, replying 200 (full body, restart) if the
+    file was replaced between requests — the resumed bytes can then never be
+    stitched onto a different file's prefix.
+
+    Returns ``(response, effective_offset)``. The response is None when the
+    server answered 416 Range Not Satisfiable: the file holds every byte the
+    server has (a previous attempt was interrupted after the last byte), so
+    there is nothing to stream and the caller's verification decides whether
+    the file is good. The offset drops to 0 when the server ignored the
+    ``Range`` header (no 206), meaning the caller must restart the file.
+    Raises on connect errors and HTTP error statuses; the response is closed
+    on failure.
+    """
+    headers = {"Range": f"bytes={offset}-"} if offset else {}
+    if offset and validator:
+        headers["If-Range"] = validator
+    resp = http_request("GET", url, stream=True, timeout=timeout, headers=headers)
+    if offset and resp.status_code == 416:
+        resp.close()
+        return None, offset
+    if offset and resp.status_code != 206:
+        _LOGGER.debug(
+            "Server did not resume %s (HTTP %s), restarting", url, resp.status_code
+        )
+        offset = 0
+    if not resp.ok:
+        resp.close()
+    resp.raise_for_status()
+    if offset:
+        _LOGGER.info("Resuming download at %d bytes ...", offset)
+    return resp, offset
+
+
+def _verify_file(path: Path, sha256: str | None, size: int | None) -> None:
+    """Raise EsphomeError when ``path`` fails an available sha256/size check."""
+    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+    if size is not None and path.stat().st_size != size:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"size mismatch: expected {size}, got {path.stat().st_size}")
+    if sha256 is not None:
+        with path.open("rb") as f:
+            digest = hashlib.file_digest(f, "sha256").hexdigest()
+        if digest != sha256:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"sha256 mismatch: got {digest}")
+
+
+def _load_download_meta(meta: Path, url: str) -> tuple[str | None, int]:
+    """Return the ``(validator, total)`` a previous run recorded for ``url``.
+
+    ``(None, 0)`` when there is no sidecar, it is unreadable, or it belongs
+    to a different URL (e.g. a different mirror was tried last time).
+    """
+    try:
+        with meta.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+        return None, 0
+    if not isinstance(data, dict) or data.get("url") != url:
+        return None, 0
+    validator = data.get("validator")
+    total = data.get("total")
+    return (
+        validator if isinstance(validator, str) else None,
+        total if isinstance(total, int) else 0,
+    )
+
+
+def _write_download_meta(
+    meta: Path, url: str, validator: str | None, total: int
+) -> None:
+    """Persist resume metadata next to the part file; best-effort.
+
+    Without a validator there is nothing a later run could resume against,
+    so any stale sidecar is removed instead.
+    """
+    try:
+        if validator is None:
+            meta.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        else:
+            meta.write_text(
+                json.dumps({"url": url, "validator": validator, "total": total}),
+                encoding="utf-8",
+            )
+    except OSError as e:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not update download metadata %s: %s", meta, e)
+
+
+def _content_length(resp: "requests.Response") -> int:
+    """Return the response's Content-Length, or 0 when absent or malformed.
+
+    0 means "unknown", which downstream disables the progress bar and the
+    resume/completeness logic — a garbage header from a broken proxy must
+    degrade to a plain single-stream download, not crash the attempt.
+    """
+    try:
+        return int(resp.headers.get("content-length", 0))
+    except ValueError:
+        return 0
+
+
+def _response_validator(resp: "requests.Response") -> str | None:
+    """Return the response's strong validator for ``If-Range`` resumes.
+
+    Weak ETags (``W/...``) are not usable for byte-range conditionals, so
+    fall back to Last-Modified, or None when the server offers neither.
+    """
+    etag = resp.headers.get("ETag")
+    if etag and not etag.startswith("W/"):
+        return etag
+    return resp.headers.get("Last-Modified")
+
+
+def _stream_response_to_file(
+    resp: "requests.Response",
+    f: IO[bytes],
+    offset: int,
+    size: int | None = None,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Stream an open ``_open_ranged`` response body into ``f`` at ``offset``.
+
+    Truncates ``f`` to ``offset`` first, so a server-rejected resume
+    (effective offset 0) discards the stale bytes. ``offset`` also seeds the
+    progress bar so a resumed download shows overall progress. ``size`` is
+    the known full file size; when None it is derived from the response's
+    content-length, and without either there is no bar. With ``progress``
+    set no bar is drawn here; the callback gets the absolute byte count.
+    """
+    f.seek(offset)
+    f.truncate(offset)
+    total_size = size or offset + _content_length(resp)
+    downloaded = offset
+    own_bar: ProgressBar | None = None
+    if progress is None:
+        own_bar = ProgressBar("Downloading") if total_size > 0 else None
+        progress = (
+            (lambda done: own_bar.update(done / total_size))
+            if own_bar
+            else (lambda _: None)
+        )
+    progress(downloaded)
+    for chunk in resp.iter_content(chunk_size=256 * 1024):
+        if chunk:
+            f.write(chunk)
+            downloaded += len(chunk)
+        progress(downloaded)
+    if own_bar is not None:
+        own_bar.update(1)
+
+
+# Concurrent downloads per batch; enough to hide latency without
+# hammering the host or the mirrors.
+BATCH_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS = 4
+
+
+def run_batch_downloads(
+    header: str,
+    jobs: list[tuple[str, int, Callable[[Callable[[int], None]], None]]],
+    max_workers: int = BATCH_DOWNLOAD_WORKERS,
+) -> list[tuple[str, BaseException]]:
+    """Run ``(name, size, fetch)`` download jobs concurrently under one bar.
+
+    Each ``fetch(tracker)`` reports absolute byte counts; the bar total is
+    the sum of the sizes. Failures are returned after the bar is done so
+    warnings never land on its row. Ctrl-C drops queued jobs and aborts
+    in-flight ones at their next progress tick or backoff boundary (a
+    parked socket read defers that by its timeout, and an in-progress
+    archive extraction runs to completion); resumable destinations
+    (``download_with_resume``) keep their fetched ``.part`` bytes.
+    ``jobs`` must be non-empty.
+    """
+    progress = _BatchDownloadProgress(header, sum(size for _, size, _ in jobs))
+    cancelled = threading.Event()
+
+    def _run(
+        name: str, fetch: Callable[[Callable[[int], None]], None]
+    ) -> tuple[str, BaseException] | None:
+        tracker = progress.tracker()
+
+        def checked(done: int) -> None:
+            if cancelled.is_set():
+                raise _BatchDownloadCancelled
+            tracker(done)
+
+        try:
+            fetch(checked)
+        except (_BatchDownloadCancelled, Exception) as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            # The cancelled arm exists for the tracker rollback below; the
+            # batch re-raises the interrupt, so the list is never returned
+            # after Ctrl-C. A bar-frame write failure must not displace the
+            # download error.
+            with suppress(Exception):
+                tracker(0)
+            failure = (name, err)
+        else:
+            failure = None
+        return failure
+
+    ex = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers)
+    try:
+        with progress.logging_guard():
+            futures = [ex.submit(_run, name, fetch) for name, _, fetch in jobs]
+            return [failure for f in futures if (failure := f.result()) is not None]
+    except BaseException:
+        # Without this the non-daemon workers download to completion before
+        # the interpreter can exit, making Ctrl-C ineffective for minutes
+        cancelled.set()
+        raise
+    finally:
+        ex.shutdown(wait=True, cancel_futures=True)
+        progress.done()
+
+
+class _BatchDownloadCancelled(BaseException):
+    """Raised inside a download job to abandon it after Ctrl-C.
+
+    BaseException, like KeyboardInterrupt: a broad ``except Exception`` in
+    the download layers must not convert an abort into a retry.
+    """
+
+
+class _BatchDownloadProgress:
+    """One bar across several concurrent downloads, summing tracker bytes.
+
+    The lock also serialises stderr writes so workers never interleave
+    frames; a ``total`` of 0 draws nothing. Call ``done()`` at the end so a
+    bar short of 100% still ends its line.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, header: str, total: int) -> None:
+        self._bar = ProgressBar(header) if total > 0 else None
+        self._total = total
+        self._sum = 0
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def tracker(self) -> Callable[[int], None]:
+        if self._bar is None:
+            return lambda _: None
+        last = 0
+
+        def update(done: int) -> None:
+            nonlocal last
+            with self._lock:
+                self._sum += done - last
+                last = done
+                # A bar-write failure (broken stderr pipe) must not surface
+                # as a download failure and cost the .part file
+                with suppress(Exception):
+                    self._bar.update(min(self._sum / self._total, 1))
+
+        return update
+
+    def done(self) -> None:
+        if self._bar is not None:
+            self._bar.done()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def logging_guard(self) -> Iterator[None]:
+        r"""End a partial bar row before any log record while active.
+
+        Worker warnings (mirror retries) share stderr with the bar's \r
+        frames; without this the record lands mid-row and the next frame
+        overwrites it. A handler-level filter runs just before emit, so
+        only a tiny window remains for a concurrent frame.
+        """
+        the_bar = self._bar
+        if the_bar is None:
+            yield
+            return
+        lock = self._lock
+
+        class _EndRow(logging.Filter):
+            def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+                # Handler.handle() runs filters outside handleError's try; a
+                # stderr write failure must not escape through the log call
+                with lock, suppress(Exception):
+                    the_bar.interrupt()
+                return True
+
+        end_row = _EndRow()
+        handlers = logging.getLogger().handlers
+        for handler in handlers:
+            handler.addFilter(end_row)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            for handler in handlers:
+                handler.removeFilter(end_row)
+
+
+def _part_path(dest: Path) -> Path:
+    """The in-progress sidecar ``download_with_resume`` streams into."""
+    return dest.with_name(dest.name + ".part")
+
+
+def _cancellable_sleep(
+    delay: float, progress: Callable[[int], None] | None, done: int
+) -> None:
+    """Backoff sleep that still observes a batch cancellation tick."""
+    if progress is None:
+        time.sleep(delay)
+        return
+    end = time.monotonic() + delay
+    while (remaining := end - time.monotonic()) > 0:
+        progress(done)  # raises when the batch was cancelled
+        time.sleep(min(0.5, remaining))
+
+
+def download_with_resume(
+    url: str,
+    dest: PathType,
+    sha256: str | None = None,
+    size: int | None = None,
+    # More attempts than _MIRROR_ATTEMPTS: a single-URL download has no
+    # mirror fallback, and each retry only re-fetches the remainder.
+    attempts: int = 5,
+    timeout: int = 30,
+    retry_connect_errors: bool = True,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Download ``url`` to ``dest``, resuming partial downloads.
+
+    The body streams into ``<dest>.part``, which persists across attempts and
+    esphome runs: a mid-stream connection drop only costs one attempt and the
+    next continues from where it stopped, so an unstable connection converges
+    on a complete file instead of restarting from zero each retry (#17703).
+    When ``size`` / ``sha256`` are given the completed file is verified and a
+    mismatch restarts from scratch; success renames the part file into place.
+    An already-present ``dest`` that passes verification is kept as-is.
+
+    Resuming a part file from an earlier run needs proof the content is
+    unchanged: ``sha256`` when the caller has one, or otherwise the server's
+    If-Range validator recorded in a ``<dest>.part.meta`` sidecar by the run
+    that started the download — a size alone cannot detect a same-length
+    content change on the server.
+
+    With ``retry_connect_errors`` disabled, a failure before any body bytes
+    flow (connect error, HTTP error status) propagates immediately instead
+    of consuming attempts — for callers with their own fallback, like
+    ``download_from_mirrors``.
+
+    ``progress`` replaces the built-in bar: it receives the absolute bytes of
+    ``dest`` obtained so far (see ``_BatchDownloadProgress``).
+
+    Raises EsphomeError when all attempts are exhausted.
+    """
+    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only needed
+    # when actually downloading a toolchain, never during config validation.
+    import requests
+
+    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+    dest = Path(dest)
+    part = _part_path(dest)
+    meta = part.with_name(part.name + ".meta")
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    last_error: Exception | None = None
+
+    # An earlier run already completed this download. Only trust it when
+    # there is something to verify it against; without sha/size the remote
+    # content may have changed (e.g. a refreshed constraints file), so
+    # re-download and atomically replace it.
+    if dest.is_file() and (sha256 is not None or size is not None):
+        try:
+            _verify_file(dest, sha256, size)
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress(size if size is not None else dest.stat().st_size)
+            return
+        except EsphomeError:
+            dest.unlink()
+
+    # Adopt the validator/total the run that started this part file recorded,
+    # so an unfinished download resumes across runs even without a sha256.
+    validator, expected_total = _load_download_meta(meta, url)
+
+    for _ in range(attempts):
+        streamed = False
+        try:
+            offset = part.stat().st_size if part.is_file() else 0
+            # A stitched resume needs two proofs: content identity (the
+            # bytes being appended belong to the same file as the prefix)
+            # and completeness. sha256 provides both, across runs. Without
+            # it, identity needs this run's If-Range validator — a size
+            # alone cannot detect a same-length content change, so a
+            # leftover part file from an earlier run must restart — and
+            # completeness needs a known total length.
+            if (
+                offset
+                and sha256 is None
+                and (validator is None or not (size or expected_total))
+            ):
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Restarting %s from zero: cannot prove a resumed "
+                    "file correct (no sha256, validator=%s, total=%s)",
+                    url,
+                    validator is not None,
+                    size or expected_total,
+                )
+                offset = 0
+            if size is None or offset < size:
+                resp, offset = _open_ranged(url, offset, timeout, validator)
+                # A None response means HTTP 416: the part file already holds
+                # every byte the server has; fall through to verification.
+                if resp is not None:
+                    with resp, part.open("ab") as f:
+                        streamed = True
+                        if offset == 0:
+                            validator = _response_validator(resp)
+                            expected_total = _content_length(resp)
+                            # Recorded so a later run can prove an If-Range
+                            # resume of this part file safe.
+                            _write_download_meta(meta, url, validator, expected_total)
+                        _stream_response_to_file(resp, f, offset, size, progress)
+            # else: a previous run already wrote every byte (or more) but
+            # was killed before the rename below. Skip the network entirely
+            # — a Range request past EOF would draw HTTP 416 — and let
+            # verification decide whether to promote the file or discard it
+            # and start over.
+
+            expected_size = size if size is not None else expected_total
+            _verify_file(part, sha256, expected_size or None)
+            if progress is not None:
+                # Also credits a part file an earlier run completed without
+                # streaming anything this time.
+                progress(expected_size or part.stat().st_size)
+            if not expected_size and sha256 is None:
+                # No sha, no size, and the server sent no usable
+                # content-length: nothing can prove the download complete
+                # (urllib3 still errors on most short bodies, but not on a
+                # cleanly closed chunked stream). Promote with a debug
+                # note rather than fail or warn: some servers (e.g. the
+                # Espressif constraints host) never send a length, the user
+                # can do nothing about it, and every current caller
+                # extracts or parses the file afterwards, where corruption
+                # fails loudly.
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Downloaded %s without any way to verify completeness",
+                    dest.name,
+                )
+            # Retry on Windows sharing violations: an antivirus handle on the
+            # freshly-written file must not get the verified download deleted
+            # as corrupt by the except clause below. If even the backoff
+            # retries fail, keep the verified part so the next attempt (or
+            # run) only has to redo the rename, not the download.
+            try:
+                _rename_with_retry(part, dest, overwrite=True)
+            except PermissionError as e:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Could not move %s into place: %s", part, e)
+                last_error = e
+                continue
+            meta.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            return
+        except requests.RequestException as e:
+            # Network failures — including connect errors, since a single
+            # URL has no mirror-list fallback — keep the part file for the
+            # next attempt (or the next esphome run) to resume from. Checked
+            # before OSError: RequestException subclasses IOError.
+            if not retry_connect_errors and not streamed:
+                # The caller falls back to another URL on pre-body failures.
+                raise
+            _LOGGER.debug("Download of %s interrupted: %s", url, e)
+            last_error = e
+        except (OSError, EsphomeError) as e:
+            # A completed-but-corrupt file (or local disk error) can't be
+            # trusted for resume; start over.
+            _LOGGER.debug("Discarding %s: %s", part, e)
+            part.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            meta.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            last_error = e
+
+    raise EsphomeError(
+        f"Failed to download {url} after {attempts} attempts: "
+        f"{failure_reason(last_error)}"
+    ) from last_error
+
+
+def failure_reason(e: BaseException) -> str:
+    """Format a download exception for the aggregated error message.
+
+    ``requests`` appends " for url: <url>" to HTTP errors; the URL is already
+    printed on the line above, so strip the suffix to keep lines short. Falls
+    back to the repr for exceptions with no message (e.g. ``TimeoutError()``)
+    so the line always names the failure.
+    """
+    return str(e).split(" for url: ", maxsplit=1)[0] or repr(e)
+
+
+def _try_mirrors_once(
+    urls: list[str],
+    path_target: Path,
+    timeout: int,
+    failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]],
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+) -> str | None:
+    """Single pass over the resolved mirror ``urls``, one try per URL.
+
+    Returns the source URL on success, or None with each URL's exception
+    appended to ``failures``.
+    """
+    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
+    # needed when actually downloading, never during config validation.
+    import requests
+
+    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+    for url in urls:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Trying to download from %s", url)
+
+        # Delegate to download_with_resume so a partial download persists
+        # (and resumes) across esphome runs.
+        try:
+            download_with_resume(
+                url,
+                path_target,
+                attempts=_MIRROR_ATTEMPTS,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                # Pre-body failures (connect/HTTP errors) fall to the
+                # next mirror immediately; only mid-stream drops
+                # retry-with-resume on the same URL.
+                retry_connect_errors=False,
+                progress=progress,
+            )
+            return url
+        except (requests.RequestException, OSError, EsphomeError) as e:
+            # Everything download_with_resume classifies as a download
+            # failure; programming errors propagate.
+            _LOGGER.debug("Failed to download %s: %s", url, str(e))
+            failures.append((url, e))
+
+    return None
+
+
+def download_and_extract(
+    mirrors: list[str],
+    substitutions: dict[str, str],
+    archive_path: PathType,
+    extract_dir: PathType,
+    timeout: int = 30,
+    progress_header: str | None = None,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Download an archive from ``mirrors`` to ``archive_path``, extract it
+    into ``extract_dir``, and delete the archive.
+
+    The archive should live next to its destination (not in a temp dir) so
+    an interrupted download's ``.part`` file resumes on the next run. The
+    archive is deleted whether extraction succeeds or fails: a
+    complete-but-corrupt file (e.g. torn by an unclean shutdown) must not
+    poison the next run, and without a checksum only a failed extraction
+    can expose it.
+
+    Returns the source URL the download came from.
+    """
+    archive_path = Path(archive_path)
+    url = download_from_mirrors(
+        mirrors, substitutions, archive_path, timeout=timeout, progress=progress
+    )
+    try:
+        archive_extract_all(archive_path, extract_dir, progress_header=progress_header)
+    finally:
+        # Best-effort: an AV handle on the just-written archive (Windows)
+        # must not replace the real extraction error or fail a successful
+        # extraction. A surviving archive is harmless; download_with_resume
+        # re-verifies or re-downloads it next run.
+        try:
+            archive_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Could not remove archive %s: %s", archive_path, err)
+    return url
+
+
 def download_from_mirrors(
     mirrors: list[str],
     substitutions: dict[str, str],
-    target: io.RawIOBase | IO[bytes] | PathType,
+    target: PathType,
     timeout: int = 30,
+    progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     """
     Download file from multiple mirrors with substitution support.
@@ -557,76 +1198,147 @@ def download_from_mirrors(
     Args:
         mirrors: list of mirror URLs
         substitutions: Dictionary of substitutions to apply to URLs
-        target: Target file path or file-like object
+        target: Target file path
         timeout: Download timeout in seconds
+        progress: Passed through to the download (see ``download_with_resume``);
+            replaces the built-in per-file bar
 
     Returns:
         The source URL.
 
+    Mirror URL templates that reference a substitution not present in
+    ``substitutions`` are skipped, so callers can offer templates that only
+    apply to some downloads.
+
+    The target downloads through ``download_with_resume``, so an
+    interrupted download resumes on the next esphome run.
+
+    When every mirror fails and at least one failure is transient (dropped
+    connection, timeout, HTTP 429/5xx), the whole list is retried with a
+    short backoff; permanent failures (e.g. 404) raise immediately.
+
     Raises:
         ValueError: If mirrors list is empty.
-        Exception: If all download attempts fail.
+        EsphomeError: If all download attempts fail; the message lists every
+            attempted URL with its individual failure reason. Also raised if
+            no template matched the provided substitutions.
     """
-    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only needed
-    # when actually downloading a toolchain, never during config validation.
-    import requests
+    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
-    # 1. Open target file for writing if path given
-    with ExitStack() as stack:
-        if isinstance(target, (str, os.PathLike)):
-            f = stack.enter_context(Path(target).open("wb"))
-        elif isinstance(target, (io.RawIOBase, io.IOBase)):
-            f = target
-        else:
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"target must be str, Path, or file-like object: {type(target)}"
+    if not isinstance(target, (str, os.PathLike)):
+        raise TypeError(f"target must be a str or Path: {type(target)}")
+    path_target = Path(target)
+
+    # 1. Resolve the mirror templates (invariant across retry sweeps)
+    urls: list[str] = []
+    skipped: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+    for mirror in mirrors:
+        try:
+            urls.append(mirror.format(**substitutions))
+        except KeyError as e:
+            # The template references a substitution not provided for
+            # this download (e.g. SHORT_VERSION only exists for x.y.0
+            # versions) - expected, the template just doesn't apply.
+            _LOGGER.debug("Skipping mirror %s: %s not available", mirror, e)
+            skipped.append((mirror, f"not applicable ({e.args[0]} not available)"))
+        except (IndexError, ValueError) as e:
+            # A malformed template (unbalanced braces, bad format spec)
+            # is an authoring error, not an expected fallthrough - warn
+            # even if a later mirror succeeds.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Skipping malformed mirror URL template %s: %r", mirror, e)
+            skipped.append((mirror, f"skipped ({e!r})"))
+
+    # 2. Sweep the mirror list, retrying transient failures with backoff:
+    # a single pass keeps mirror failover fast, re-sweeping keeps one
+    # network blip from failing the build when only one mirror applies.
+    failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
+    for sweep in range(1, _MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS + 1):
+        sweep_failures: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
+        if (
+            url := _try_mirrors_once(
+                urls, path_target, timeout, sweep_failures, progress
             )
+        ) is not None:
+            return url
+        failures.extend(sweep_failures)
+        # Permanent failures (404, verification mismatch) won't heal;
+        # only retry when a transient error is in the mix (as git.py does).
+        transient = next(
+            ((u, e) for u, e in sweep_failures if is_transient_download_error(e)),
+            None,
+        )
+        if transient is None:
+            break
+        if sweep < _MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS:
+            delay = 2**sweep
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Download of %s failed (%s); retrying in %d seconds (attempt %d/%d)",
+                transient[0],
+                failure_reason(transient[1]),
+                delay,
+                sweep + 1,
+                _MIRROR_SWEEP_ATTEMPTS,
+            )
+            # Tick with the bytes already on disk so a combined bar holds
+            # steady during the backoff instead of rewinding to zero
+            done = 0
+            if progress is not None:
+                part = _part_path(path_target)
+                done = part.stat().st_size if part.is_file() else 0
+            _cancellable_sleep(delay, progress, done)
 
-        # 2. Try each mirror in order
-        last_exception = None
+    # 3. Report every attempted URL if all mirrors failed. failures spans
+    # all sweeps (deduplicated by URL and reason), so neither an early
+    # mirror's failure nor an earlier sweep's failure mode is hidden.
+    if failures:
+        seen: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
+        attempts = ""
+        for url, e in failures:
+            reason = failure_reason(e)
+            if (url, reason) not in seen:
+                seen.add((url, reason))
+                attempts += f"\n  {url}\n    {reason}"
+        attempts += "".join(f"\n  {mirror}\n    {reason}" for mirror, reason in skipped)
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Failed to download from all mirrors:{attempts}"
+        ) from failures[0][1]
+    if skipped:
+        details = "".join(f"\n  {mirror}\n    {reason}" for mirror, reason in skipped)
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"No mirror URL template matched the provided substitutions:{details}"
+        )
+    raise ValueError("download_from_mirrors called with an empty mirrors list")
 
-        for mirror in mirrors:
-            # 3. Apply substitutions to URL
-            url = mirror.format(**substitutions)
 
-            _LOGGER.debug("Trying downloading from %s", url)
+def strip_win_long_path_prefix(path: str) -> str:
+    r"""Strip the Windows extended-length path prefix from ``path``.
 
-            try:
-                # 4. Reset file pointer and download
-                f.seek(0)
-                f.truncate(0)
+    Handles both forms documented at
+    https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file:
 
-                with requests.get(url, stream=True, timeout=timeout) as r:
-                    r.raise_for_status()
+    * ``\\?\C:\path\to\file`` -> ``C:\path\to\file``
+    * ``\\?\UNC\server\share\path`` -> ``\\server\share\path``
 
-                    total_size = int(r.headers.get("content-length", 0))
-                    downloaded = 0
+    The NSIS-installed ``esphome.exe`` launcher on Windows starts Python with
+    ``sys.executable`` already prefixed with ``\\?\``. That prefix propagates
+    into PlatformIO's ``$PYTHONEXE`` (PlatformIO reads ``PYTHONEXEPATH`` from
+    the environment, falling back to ``os.path.normpath(sys.executable)``)
+    and ends up baked into SCons-emitted command lines for build steps such
+    as the esp8266 ``elf2bin`` invocation. ``cmd.exe`` does not understand
+    the ``\\?\`` prefix, so the build fails with
+    "The system cannot find the path specified." Stripping the prefix early
+    keeps the path shell-quotable.
 
-                    progress = ProgressBar("Downloading") if total_size > 0 else None
+    Also applied to the ccache path exported by the ccache helpers, which
+    ``shutil.which`` can return with the same prefix.
 
-                    for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
-                        if chunk:
-                            f.write(chunk)
-
-                        downloaded += len(chunk)
-
-                        if progress is not None:
-                            progress.update(downloaded / total_size)
-
-                    if progress is not None:
-                        progress.update(1)
-
-                _LOGGER.debug("Downloaded successfully from: %s", url)
-
-                # 6. Reset file pointer and return
-                f.seek(0)
-                return url
-
-            except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-                _LOGGER.debug("Failed to download %s: %s", url, str(e))
-                last_exception = e
-
-        # 7. Raise last exception if all mirrors failed
-        if last_exception:
-            raise last_exception
-        raise ValueError("download_from_mirrors called with an empty mirrors list")
+    No-op on non-Windows platforms.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        return path
+    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\UNC\\"):
+        # \\?\UNC\server\share\... -> \\server\share\...
+        return "\\\\" + path[len("\\\\?\\UNC\\") :]
+    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\"):
+        return path[len("\\\\?\\") :]
+    return path
diff --git a/esphome/git.py b/esphome/git.py
index c4a612753b..9815377f51 100644
--- a/esphome/git.py
+++ b/esphome/git.py
@@ -1,23 +1,122 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum, auto
+import errno
 import hashlib
 import logging
+import math
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 import urllib.parse
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodSeconds
-from esphome.helpers import rmtree
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, TimePeriodSeconds
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    add_git_ceiling_directory,
+    format_duration,
+    rmtree,
+    write_file,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from filelock import FileLock
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Special value to indicate never refresh
 NEVER_REFRESH = TimePeriodSeconds(seconds=-1)
 
+# `refresh: never` validates to a huge interval rather than the NEVER_REFRESH
+# sentinel; treat any interval at least that long as refresh disabled instead
+# of logging a countdown of hundreds of years
+_REFRESH_DISABLED_SECONDS = cv.source_refresh(cv.SOURCE_REFRESH_NEVER).total_seconds
+
+# revert() runs on an already-failing path; bound its wait for the cache
+# entry lock so that recovery cannot hang forever behind another process.
+_REVERT_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 60
+
+# When a complete cache entry already exists, a caller does not wait forever
+# behind another process's stalled clone or update (git sets no network
+# timeouts): after this bound it uses the existing clone without refreshing
+# it. With no complete entry there is nothing to fall back to, so the wait
+# is unbounded.
+_COMPLETE_ENTRY_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 60
+
+# Written inside .git only while the entry is a complete, quiescent
+# checkout: after every clone step (clone, ref fetch, reset, submodule init)
+# has finished, and removed for the duration of a refresh's rewrite
+# (stash/fetch/reset). A directory without it is an interrupted clone or
+# update (e.g. the process was killed mid-clone) and must be re-cloned;
+# without this check such a directory would be trusted forever when the
+# caller uses NEVER_REFRESH, and the bounded-wait fallback would hand a
+# mid-rewrite tree to a timed-out peer. Lives in .git so
+# stash/reset/checkout can never touch it and it does not pollute the
+# worktree.
+_CLONE_COMPLETE_MARKER = "esphome_clone_complete"
+
+# Environment variables that scope git to a specific repository. Git hooks and
+# some CI wrappers export these; if they leak into the git commands run here,
+# git binds to the caller's repository instead of the one being managed. The
+# effects range from loud (`git clone` producing a bare-style directory with
+# no working tree) to silent (an ambient GIT_INDEX_FILE makes
+# `git submodule update --init` exit 0 without initializing anything).
+_GIT_REPO_SCOPING_ENV = frozenset(
+    {
+        "GIT_DIR",
+        "GIT_WORK_TREE",
+        "GIT_INDEX_FILE",
+        "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY",
+        "GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES",
+        "GIT_COMMON_DIR",
+        "GIT_NAMESPACE",
+    }
+)
+
+# Substrings (matched case-insensitively against git's full stderr) that
+# identify transient network failures worth retrying. Auth failures,
+# missing repositories, and bad refs must fail immediately. Patterns are
+# phrase-anchored so a repository URL quoted back in stderr never matches.
+_TRANSIENT_GIT_ERROR_PATTERNS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "unable to access",
+    "could not resolve host",
+    "could not connect",
+    "failed to connect",
+    "timed out",
+    "connection reset",
+    "connection refused",
+    "early eof",
+    "rpc failed",
+    "certificate verification failed",
+    # Anchored to curl's diagnostic prefix so repository URLs containing
+    # "ssl_" tokens never classify as transient
+    "openssl ssl_",
+    "ssl routines",
+    "ssl connect error",
+    "gnutls recv error",
+    "gnutls_handshake",
+    "unexpected disconnect",
+    "remote end hung up unexpectedly",
+)
+
+# git quotes HTTP failures in two forms: curl's "The requested URL returned
+# error: <n>" and smart-HTTP's "RPC failed; HTTP <n> curl <m>". 4xx is
+# permanent (rejected credentials, missing repository) except 429 rate
+# limiting; 408/425 are also treated as permanent, a deliberate trade for a
+# simple rule since git hosts rarely emit them.
+_PERMANENT_HTTP_ERROR_RE = re.compile(r"(?:http |returned error: )4(?!29)\d\d")
+
+# Network commands get 3 attempts with 2s/4s backoff. Worst case is ~3x
+# the command's own duration plus 6s of sleep, held under the cache entry
+# lock; peers with a complete entry fall back to it after
+# _COMPLETE_ENTRY_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS.
+_NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
 
 class GitException(cv.Invalid):
     """Base exception for git-related errors."""
@@ -28,39 +127,137 @@ class GitNotInstalledError(GitException):
 
 
 class GitCommandError(GitException):
-    """Exception raised when a git command fails."""
+    """Exception raised when a git command fails.
+
+    ``stderr`` holds git's full stderr output; the exception message is
+    usually only the last ``fatal:`` line, but transient network markers
+    (``RPC failed``, ``GnuTLS``, ...) often appear on earlier lines.
+    Empty when git produced no stderr, so classification never reads the
+    command line (which embeds the user-supplied repository URL).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, stderr: str = "") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.stderr = stderr
 
 
 class GitRepositoryError(GitException):
     """Exception raised when a git repository is in an invalid state."""
 
 
-def run_git_command(cmd: list[str], git_dir: Path | None = None) -> str:
-    if git_dir is not None:
-        _LOGGER.debug(
-            "Running git command with repository isolation: %s (git_dir=%s)",
-            " ".join(cmd),
-            git_dir,
-        )
-    else:
-        _LOGGER.debug("Running git command: %s", " ".join(cmd))
+def _redact_url_credentials(text: str) -> str:
+    """Mask userinfo in any URLs embedded in ``text``.
 
-    # Set up environment for repository isolation if git_dir is provided
-    # Force git to only operate on this specific repository by setting
-    # GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE. This prevents git from walking up the
-    # directory tree to find parent repositories when the target repo's
-    # .git directory is corrupt. Without this, commands like 'git stash'
-    # could accidentally operate on parent repositories (e.g., the main
-    # ESPHome repo) instead of failing, causing data loss.
-    env: dict[str, str] | None = None
-    cwd: str | None = None
+    Users can put credentials directly in a git URL, and log output is
+    routinely pasted into public issues.
+    """
+    return re.sub(r"://[^/@\s]+@", "://***@", text)
+
+
+def _is_transient_git_error(stderr: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when git's stderr looks like a transient network failure."""
+    lowered = stderr.lower()
+    if _PERMANENT_HTTP_ERROR_RE.search(lowered):
+        return False
+    if "authentication failed" in lowered:
+        return False
+    return any(pattern in lowered for pattern in _TRANSIENT_GIT_ERROR_PATTERNS)
+
+
+def run_git_command(
+    cmd: list[str],
+    git_dir: Path | None = None,
+    *,
+    cwd: Path | None = None,
+    network: bool = False,
+    retry_cleanup: Path | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Run a git command and return its stdout.
+
+    The repository-scoping environment variables in ``_GIT_REPO_SCOPING_ENV``
+    are always stripped. ``git_dir`` additionally pins GIT_DIR/GIT_WORK_TREE
+    to that repository and runs the command there; ``cwd`` alone runs the
+    command in that directory with GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES capping repository
+    discovery at its parent.
+
+    ``network=True`` marks a command that talks to a remote (clone, fetch,
+    submodule update): transient network failures (DNS, TLS, dropped
+    connections) are retried with a short backoff so a momentary blip does
+    not fail the whole build. Local-only commands must not set it.
+    ``retry_cleanup`` names a directory to remove before each retry, for
+    commands like clone that can leave a partial destination behind.
+    """
+    attempts = _NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS if network else 1
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return _run_git_command_once(cmd, git_dir, cwd=cwd)
+        except GitCommandError as err:
+            attempt += 1
+            if attempt >= attempts or not _is_transient_git_error(err.stderr):
+                raise
+            if retry_cleanup is not None and retry_cleanup.is_dir():
+                try:
+                    rmtree(retry_cleanup)
+                except OSError as cleanup_err:
+                    # A retry would fail on the leftover directory anyway;
+                    # give up and keep the git error as the reported cause.
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Could not remove %s before retry (%s); not retrying",
+                        retry_cleanup,
+                        cleanup_err,
+                    )
+                    raise err from None
+            delay = 2**attempt
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Git command failed: %s. Retrying in %d seconds... (attempt %d/%d)",
+                _redact_url_credentials(str(err)),
+                delay,
+                attempt,
+                attempts,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+
+
+def _run_git_command_once(
+    cmd: list[str], git_dir: Path | None = None, *, cwd: Path | None = None
+) -> str:
+    """Single attempt of ``run_git_command``; see its docstring."""
+    # Every invocation starts from an environment with the repository-scoping
+    # variables stripped (see _GIT_REPO_SCOPING_ENV) so a git hook or CI
+    # wrapper invoking ESPHome can never redirect these commands to its own
+    # repository or index.
+    #
+    # ``git_dir`` then re-adds GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE pointing at the
+    # managed repository. This prevents git from walking up the directory
+    # tree to find parent repositories when the target repo's .git directory
+    # is corrupt. Without this, commands like 'git stash' could accidentally
+    # operate on parent repositories (e.g., the main ESPHome repo) instead of
+    # failing, causing data loss.
+    #
+    # ``cwd`` (without ``git_dir``) runs the command in that directory
+    # without GIT_DIR/GIT_WORK_TREE. The ``git submodule`` porcelain needs
+    # this: on some installations (e.g. Windows setups where a shim hands
+    # git untranslated paths) it refuses to run when GIT_DIR/GIT_WORK_TREE
+    # are set, failing with "cannot be used without a working tree".
+    # GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES (which git only honors as an absolute path)
+    # keeps the parent-repo-walk protection instead: if the repo's .git is
+    # missing or corrupt, git fails rather than discovering an enclosing
+    # repository.
+    env = {k: v for k, v in os.environ.items() if k not in _GIT_REPO_SCOPING_ENV}
     if git_dir is not None:
-        env = {
-            **subprocess.os.environ,
-            "GIT_DIR": str(Path(git_dir) / ".git"),
-            "GIT_WORK_TREE": str(git_dir),
-        }
-        cwd = str(git_dir)
+        env["GIT_DIR"] = str(Path(git_dir) / ".git")
+        env["GIT_WORK_TREE"] = str(git_dir)
+        cwd = git_dir
+    elif cwd is not None:
+        add_git_ceiling_directory(env, Path(cwd).absolute().parent)
+
+    _LOGGER.debug(
+        "Running git command: %s (cwd=%s, isolated=%s)",
+        _redact_url_credentials(" ".join(cmd)),
+        cwd,
+        git_dir is not None,
+    )
 
     try:
         ret = subprocess.run(
@@ -78,16 +275,35 @@ def run_git_command(cmd: list[str], git_dir: Path | None = None) -> str:
             "for installation instructions."
         ) from err
 
-    if ret.returncode != 0 and ret.stderr:
-        err_str = ret.stderr.decode("utf-8")
-        lines = [x.strip() for x in err_str.splitlines()]
-        if lines[-1].startswith("fatal:"):
-            raise GitCommandError(lines[-1][len("fatal: ") :])
-        raise GitCommandError(err_str)
+    if ret.returncode != 0:
+        if ret.stderr:
+            # errors="replace": git can emit locale-encoded (non-UTF-8) bytes
+            # in stderr; the error path must never raise UnicodeDecodeError.
+            err_str = ret.stderr.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+            lines = [x.strip() for x in err_str.splitlines()]
+            if lines[-1].startswith("fatal:"):
+                raise GitCommandError(lines[-1][len("fatal: ") :], stderr=err_str)
+            raise GitCommandError(err_str, stderr=err_str)
+        # No stderr (e.g. git killed by a signal): nothing to classify,
+        # never retried.
+        raise GitCommandError(
+            f"git exited with code {ret.returncode}: "
+            f"{_redact_url_credentials(' '.join(cmd))}"
+        )
 
     return ret.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip()
 
 
+def _cache_key(url: str, ref: str | None) -> str:
+    """Cache key identifying one repository checkout.
+
+    The lock path and the entry directory both hash this, keeping them in
+    agreement. (micro_wake_word still rebuilds the format by hand to locate
+    manifests; fold it in here if the format ever changes.)
+    """
+    return f"{url}@{ref}"
+
+
 def _compute_destination_path(key: str, domain: str) -> Path:
     base_dir = Path(CORE.data_dir) / domain
     h = hashlib.new("sha256")
@@ -95,6 +311,221 @@ def _compute_destination_path(key: str, domain: str) -> Path:
     return base_dir / h.hexdigest()[:8]
 
 
+def _repo_entry_dir(key: str, domain: str, subpath: Path | None) -> Path:
+    """Worktree directory of one cache entry: the hash dir plus optional subpath."""
+    repo_dir = _compute_destination_path(key, domain)
+    if subpath:
+        repo_dir = repo_dir / subpath
+    return repo_dir
+
+
+def _repo_lock_path(key: str, domain: str) -> Path:
+    """Path of the lock file serializing all work on one cache entry.
+
+    Lives next to the hash directory, never inside it, so the removal of a
+    broken or incomplete clone can never delete a lock another process holds.
+    """
+    repo_dir = _compute_destination_path(key, domain)
+    return repo_dir.parent / f"{repo_dir.name}.lock"
+
+
+class _LockStatus(Enum):
+    ACQUIRED = auto()
+    # A bounded wait expired while another process held the lock.
+    TIMEOUT = auto()
+    # The lock could not be taken at all; callers proceed unlocked,
+    # matching the behavior before the lock existed.
+    UNAVAILABLE = auto()
+
+
+# Errnos that mean the filesystem genuinely cannot take file locks (NFS
+# without a lock daemon, some FUSE mounts). Any other OSError (permissions,
+# read-only volume, full disk) is a cache directory problem, which the git
+# commands themselves report clearly when it actually matters. EPERM is
+# deliberately absent: it usually means a permissions problem, so it takes
+# the generic message that names no cause. On Linux ENOTSUP and EOPNOTSUPP
+# are the same value; the set folds them.
+_NO_LOCK_SUPPORT_ERRNOS = frozenset(
+    {errno.ENOLCK, errno.ENOSYS, errno.EOPNOTSUPP, errno.ENOTSUP}
+)
+
+
+def _acquire_repo_lock(
+    lock: "FileLock",
+    safe_key: str,
+    timeout: float,
+    wait_message: str = "Waiting for another process to finish updating %s",
+) -> _LockStatus:
+    """Acquire ``lock``, logging ``wait_message`` when a wait actually begins.
+
+    ``timeout`` of -1 waits forever; a positive value bounds the wait and
+    can yield ``TIMEOUT``.
+    """
+    from filelock import Timeout
+
+    try:
+        try:
+            lock.acquire(blocking=False)
+        except Timeout:
+            # Waiting on another process's clone or update can take
+            # minutes; say so instead of appearing hung.
+            _LOGGER.info(wait_message, safe_key)
+            lock.acquire(timeout=timeout)
+    except Timeout:
+        return _LockStatus.TIMEOUT
+    except OSError as err:
+        if err.errno in _NO_LOCK_SUPPORT_ERRNOS:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "The filesystem does not support locking the cache entry for "
+                "%s (%s), continuing without a lock",
+                safe_key,
+                err,
+            )
+        else:
+            # Not a locking problem (permissions, read-only volume, full
+            # disk). Still continue unlocked: a pre-seeded read-only cache
+            # with refresh disabled only reads and must keep working, and
+            # in every other case the git commands fail with the real error.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not take the cache entry lock for %s (%s), "
+                "continuing without a lock",
+                safe_key,
+                err,
+            )
+        return _LockStatus.UNAVAILABLE
+    return _LockStatus.ACQUIRED
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _repo_cache_lock(
+    key: str, domain: str, repo_dir: Path
+) -> Iterator[tuple[bool, "FileLock | None"]]:
+    """Hold the cache entry lock for ``key`` over the with block.
+
+    Yields ``(use_existing, lock)``. ``use_existing`` is True when the lock
+    could not be acquired within the bounded wait but ``repo_dir`` is a
+    complete cache entry; the caller should use it as-is and do nothing
+    else. Otherwise ``lock`` is the held lock, released when the block
+    exits, or ``None`` when the lock could not be taken at all and the
+    caller proceeds unlocked.
+    """
+    # Lazy import: keeps filelock off the CLI startup import path.
+    from filelock import FileLock
+
+    safe_key = _redact_url_credentials(key)
+    # acquire() creates the lock file's directory itself; git clone later
+    # creates the hash directory next to it. fallback_to_soft would silently
+    # downgrade ENOSYS to a SoftFileLock, whose stale existence marker from
+    # another host on a shared cache could hang the unbounded wait forever;
+    # routing it through the OSError handler runs unlocked instead.
+    lock: FileLock | None = FileLock(
+        str(_repo_lock_path(key, domain)), fallback_to_soft=False
+    )
+    status = _acquire_repo_lock(lock, safe_key, _COMPLETE_ENTRY_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    if status is _LockStatus.TIMEOUT:
+        if _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir).is_file():
+            # Mutual exclusion matters most while no complete entry exists
+            # (initial clone, recovery re-clone); with one on disk, reading
+            # it beats hanging behind a stalled holder.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Timed out waiting for another process updating %s, proceeding "
+                "with the existing clone, which that process may still be "
+                "changing",
+                safe_key,
+            )
+            yield True, None
+            return
+        # Nothing to fall back to; the holder is producing the clone this
+        # caller needs.
+        status = _acquire_repo_lock(
+            lock,
+            safe_key,
+            timeout=-1,
+            wait_message="Still waiting for the clone of %s, "
+            "there is no existing clone to fall back on",
+        )
+    if status is not _LockStatus.ACQUIRED:
+        lock = None
+    try:
+        yield False, lock
+    finally:
+        if lock is not None:
+            lock.release()
+
+
+def _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir: Path) -> Path:
+    return repo_dir / ".git" / _CLONE_COMPLETE_MARKER
+
+
+def _clear_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Best-effort removal of the completion marker.
+
+    If the unlink fails (e.g. a file lock on Windows), the marker stays and
+    the entry keeps its previous trust level; every consumer of the marker
+    tolerates that.
+    """
+    try:
+        _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    except OSError as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not delete clone completion marker: %s", err)
+
+
+def _write_clone_complete_marker(
+    repo_dir: Path, key: str, hash_dir_name: str, safe_key: str
+) -> None:
+    """Mark the entry as a complete, quiescent checkout.
+
+    The key and hash dir name are recorded purely to make cache debugging
+    easier. The marker is only a validity signal, so a failed write must not
+    fail an otherwise complete clone or update: the only cost is a re-clone
+    on the next run.
+    """
+    try:
+        write_file(
+            _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir),
+            f"key={key}\nhash={hash_dir_name}\n",
+        )
+    except EsphomeError as err:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Could not write clone completion marker for %s: %s", safe_key, err
+        )
+
+
+def _remove_repo_dir(repo_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Remove a repo directory, deleting the completion marker first.
+
+    Marker-first ordering guarantees an interrupted removal can never leave a
+    marker behind next to a partially deleted worktree. The unlink is best
+    effort: if it fails, rmtree below still gets the chance to remove the
+    directory, marker included.
+    """
+    _clear_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir)
+    if repo_dir.is_dir():
+        rmtree(repo_dir)
+
+
+def update_submodules(repo_dir: Path, key: str) -> None:
+    """Initialize/update every submodule the repository declares, recursively,
+    matching how PlatformIO clones libraries.
+
+    Most repositories declare no submodules, so this does nothing when there
+    is no ``.gitmodules`` file. Which submodules get populated is git's own
+    policy (``update = none``, ``submodule.active``, sparse checkouts);
+    git's exit code is the error signal.
+
+    Runs with plain ``cwd`` rather than ``git_dir`` isolation, which the
+    ``git submodule`` porcelain does not tolerate (see ``run_git_command``).
+    """
+    if not (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").is_file():
+        return
+    _LOGGER.info("Updating submodules for %s", _redact_url_credentials(key))
+    run_git_command(
+        ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", "--depth=1"],
+        cwd=repo_dir,
+        network=True,
+    )
+
+
 def resolve_symlink_stub(repo_dir: Path, file_path: Path) -> Path | None:
     """Return the symlink target if ``file_path`` is a Windows-checked-out symlink stub.
 
@@ -184,33 +615,111 @@ def resolve_symlink_stub(repo_dir: Path, file_path: Path) -> Path | None:
 def clone_or_update(
     *,
     url: str,
-    ref: str = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
     refresh: TimePeriodSeconds | None,
     domain: str,
-    username: str = None,
-    password: str = None,
-    submodules: list[str] | None = None,
+    username: str | None = None,
+    password: str | None = None,
+    init_submodules: bool = False,
     subpath: Path | None = None,
-    _recover_broken: bool = True,
-) -> tuple[Path, Callable[[], None] | None]:
-    key = f"{url}@{ref}"
+) -> tuple[Path, Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+    """Clone a repository into the cache, or refresh an existing clone.
 
+    All work runs under a per-cache-entry inter-process file lock, so
+    concurrent resolutions of the same repository (two esphome processes, or
+    a subprocess plus an in-process load) serialize instead of interleaving.
+    Without the lock, ``repo_dir.is_dir()`` is true from the instant
+    ``git clone`` creates the directory: a second caller could read a half
+    populated worktree, or see the missing completion marker and delete the
+    clone in progress out from under the first caller.
+
+    The lock guards mutation of the cache entry only; it is released when
+    this function returns, so a caller still reading the worktree can
+    overlap a later refresh by another process. That residual window is
+    narrow (the refresh interval is re-checked under the lock) and predates
+    the lock.
+
+    Locking is best effort: on a filesystem that cannot take file locks a
+    warning is logged and the work proceeds unlocked, matching the behavior
+    before the lock existed. A complete cache entry also caps the wait: if
+    the holder is still busy after a bounded time (e.g. stalled on the
+    network), the existing clone is used without refreshing it, so a stuck
+    process cannot hang every peer that already has a good entry.
+    """
+    key = _cache_key(url, ref)
+    repo_dir = _repo_entry_dir(key, domain, subpath)
+    with _repo_cache_lock(key, domain, repo_dir) as (use_existing, lock):
+        if use_existing:
+            return repo_dir, None
+        return _clone_or_update_locked(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+            username=username,
+            password=password,
+            init_submodules=init_submodules,
+            subpath=subpath,
+            lock=lock,
+        )
+
+
+def _clone_or_update_locked(
+    *,
+    url: str,
+    ref: str | None,
+    refresh: TimePeriodSeconds | None,
+    domain: str,
+    username: str | None,
+    password: str | None,
+    init_submodules: bool,
+    subpath: Path | None,
+    lock: "FileLock | None",
+    _recover_broken: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[Path, Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+    """Body of ``clone_or_update``; the caller holds ``lock``.
+
+    Split out because the broken-repository recovery below re-enters this
+    function: re-acquiring the already-held lock would deadlock, since OS
+    file locks taken on separate file descriptors conflict even within one
+    process. ``lock`` is only re-acquired by the returned ``revert``
+    callback, which runs after the wrapper's ``finally`` has released it.
+    ``lock`` is ``None`` when the filesystem cannot take file locks and the
+    wrapper fell back to running unlocked.
+    """
+    key = _cache_key(url, ref)
+    # The user may have embedded credentials in the URL itself; log this
+    # instead of key.
+    safe_key = _redact_url_credentials(key)
+
+    # Keep the caller's URL for the recovery re-clone below: rewriting the
+    # rewritten URL would double the userinfo, and the recursive call must
+    # compute the same cache key as this one.
+    original_url = url
     if username is not None and password is not None:
         url = url.replace(
             "://", f"://{urllib.parse.quote(username)}:{urllib.parse.quote(password)}@"
         )
 
-    repo_dir = _compute_destination_path(key, domain)
-    if subpath:
-        repo_dir = repo_dir / subpath
+    hash_dir_name = _compute_destination_path(key, domain).name
+    repo_dir = _repo_entry_dir(key, domain, subpath)
+
+    if repo_dir.is_dir() and not _clone_complete_marker_path(repo_dir).is_file():
+        # The last clone never finished (killed process, container stop) or
+        # predates the marker; either way it cannot be trusted, especially
+        # with NEVER_REFRESH where it would otherwise be reused forever.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Removing incomplete clone of %s at %s, will re-clone", safe_key, repo_dir
+        )
+        _remove_repo_dir(repo_dir)
 
     if not repo_dir.is_dir():
-        _LOGGER.info("Cloning %s", key)
+        _LOGGER.info("Cloning %s", safe_key)
         _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", repo_dir)
         try:
             cmd = ["git", "clone", "--depth=1"]
             cmd += ["--", url, str(repo_dir)]
-            run_git_command(cmd)
+            run_git_command(cmd, network=True, retry_cleanup=repo_dir)
 
             if ref is not None:
                 # We need to fetch the PR branch first, otherwise git will complain
@@ -219,38 +728,41 @@ def clone_or_update(
                 run_git_command(
                     ["git", "fetch", "--depth=1", "--", "origin", ref],
                     git_dir=repo_dir,
+                    network=True,
                 )
                 run_git_command(
                     ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir
                 )
 
-            if submodules is not None:
-                _LOGGER.info(
-                    "Initializing submodules (%s) for %s", ", ".join(submodules), key
-                )
-                run_git_command(
-                    ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--depth=1", "--"]
-                    + submodules,
-                    git_dir=repo_dir,
-                )
+            if init_submodules:
+                update_submodules(repo_dir, key)
+
         except GitException:
             # Remove incomplete clone to prevent stale state. Without this,
             # a failed ref fetch leaves a clone on the default branch, and
             # subsequent calls skip the update due to the refresh window.
-            if repo_dir.is_dir():
-                rmtree(repo_dir)
+            _remove_repo_dir(repo_dir)
             raise
 
+        # Every git step succeeded.
+        _write_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir, key, hash_dir_name, safe_key)
+
     else:
         if refresh == NEVER_REFRESH or CORE.skip_external_update:
-            _LOGGER.debug("Skipping update for %s (refresh disabled)", key)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Skipping update for %s (refresh disabled)", safe_key)
             return repo_dir, None
 
         file_timestamp = Path(repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD")
         # On first clone, FETCH_HEAD does not exist
         if not file_timestamp.exists():
             file_timestamp = Path(repo_dir / ".git" / "HEAD")
-        age_seconds = time.time() - file_timestamp.stat().st_mtime
+        try:
+            age_seconds = time.time() - file_timestamp.stat().st_mtime
+        except OSError:
+            # A .git with neither FETCH_HEAD nor HEAD is corrupt (e.g. a
+            # partially deleted clone). Force the update path so the
+            # broken-repository recovery below removes and re-clones it.
+            age_seconds = float("inf")
         if refresh is None or age_seconds > refresh.total_seconds:
             # Try to update the repository, recovering from broken state if needed
             old_sha: str | None = None
@@ -261,9 +773,16 @@ def clone_or_update(
                     ["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir
                 )
 
-                _LOGGER.info("Updating %s", key)
+                _LOGGER.info("Updating %s", safe_key)
                 _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", repo_dir)
 
+                # The entry is about to be rewritten; drop the marker so a
+                # timed-out peer's fallback and the incomplete-entry check
+                # can tell a quiescent complete entry from one mid-rewrite,
+                # and so an update interrupted by a crash re-clones instead
+                # of being trusted.
+                _clear_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir)
+
                 # Stash local changes (if any)
                 # Use git_dir to ensure this only affects the specific repo
                 run_git_command(
@@ -280,62 +799,196 @@ def clone_or_update(
                 cmd = ["git", "fetch", "--depth=1", "--", "origin"]
                 if ref is not None:
                     cmd.append(ref)
-                run_git_command(cmd, git_dir=repo_dir)
+                fetch_head = Path(repo_dir) / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD"
+                try:
+                    fetch_head_stat = fetch_head.stat()
+                except OSError:
+                    # Missing (or unreadable): no pre-fetch FETCH_HEAD
+                    fetch_head_stat = None
+                try:
+                    run_git_command(cmd, git_dir=repo_dir, network=True)
+                except GitCommandError as err:
+                    if not _is_transient_git_error(err.stderr):
+                        raise
+                    # Verified clone, untouched worktree, network-only
+                    # failure: keep the clone instead of destroying it via
+                    # recovery, which would re-clone on the same dead
+                    # network. The marker must be restored or the next run
+                    # removes the entry as an incomplete clone.
+                    #
+                    # A failed fetch still freshens FETCH_HEAD's mtime,
+                    # which would suppress refresh attempts for the whole
+                    # refresh window; restore it so the next run retries.
+                    try:
+                        if fetch_head_stat is not None:
+                            os.utime(
+                                fetch_head,
+                                (fetch_head_stat.st_atime, fetch_head_stat.st_mtime),
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            fetch_head.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+                    except OSError as stamp_err:
+                        # Cannot keep the fallback honest; let the git error
+                        # route through the recovery below instead.
+                        _LOGGER.warning(
+                            "Could not restore the refresh timestamp for %s (%s)",
+                            safe_key,
+                            stamp_err,
+                        )
+                        raise err from None
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Could not refresh %s (%s); using the existing clone "
+                        "at %s (last updated %s ago)",
+                        safe_key,
+                        _redact_url_credentials(str(err)),
+                        old_sha,
+                        # age_seconds is inf when neither FETCH_HEAD nor HEAD
+                        # could be stat'ed; format_duration would overflow
+                        format_duration(age_seconds)
+                        if math.isfinite(age_seconds)
+                        else "unknown time",
+                    )
+                    _write_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir, key, hash_dir_name, safe_key)
+                    return repo_dir, None
 
                 # Hard reset to FETCH_HEAD (short-lived git ref corresponding to most recent fetch)
                 run_git_command(
                     ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"],
                     git_dir=repo_dir,
                 )
+
+                # Inside the try so a submodule failure routes through the
+                # recovery re-clone below instead of leaving a repo that the
+                # refresh window would silently accept on the next run.
+                if init_submodules:
+                    update_submodules(repo_dir, key)
+
+                # Recorded so revert() can tell whether the checkout is
+                # still the one this update produced.
+                new_sha = run_git_command(
+                    ["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir
+                )
+
+                # The rewrite finished; the entry is trustworthy again.
+                _write_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir, key, hash_dir_name, safe_key)
             except GitException as err:
                 # Repository is in a broken state or update failed
                 # Only attempt recovery once to prevent infinite recursion
                 if not _recover_broken:
                     _LOGGER.error(
                         "Repository %s recovery failed, cannot retry (already attempted once)",
-                        key,
+                        safe_key,
                     )
                     raise
 
                 _LOGGER.warning(
                     "Repository %s has issues (%s), attempting recovery",
-                    key,
-                    err,
+                    safe_key,
+                    _redact_url_credentials(str(err)),
                 )
                 _LOGGER.info("Removing broken repository at %s", repo_dir)
-                rmtree(repo_dir)
+                _remove_repo_dir(repo_dir)
                 _LOGGER.info("Successfully removed broken repository, re-cloning...")
 
-                # Recursively call clone_or_update to re-clone
-                # Set _recover_broken=False to prevent infinite recursion
-                result = clone_or_update(
-                    url=url,
+                # Re-clone while still holding the lock; going through the
+                # public wrapper would try to re-acquire it and deadlock.
+                # Set _recover_broken=False to prevent infinite recursion.
+                result = _clone_or_update_locked(
+                    url=original_url,
                     ref=ref,
                     refresh=refresh,
                     domain=domain,
                     username=username,
                     password=password,
-                    submodules=submodules,
+                    init_submodules=init_submodules,
+                    subpath=subpath,
+                    lock=lock,
                     _recover_broken=False,
                 )
-                _LOGGER.info("Repository %s successfully recovered", key)
+                _LOGGER.info("Repository %s successfully recovered", safe_key)
                 return result
 
-            if submodules is not None:
-                _LOGGER.info(
-                    "Updating submodules (%s) for %s", ", ".join(submodules), key
-                )
-                run_git_command(
-                    ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--depth=1", "--"]
-                    + submodules,
-                    git_dir=repo_dir,
-                )
+            def revert() -> bool:
+                """Reset the checkout to the pre-update SHA.
 
-            def revert():
-                _LOGGER.info("Reverting changes to %s -> %s", key, old_sha)
-                run_git_command(["git", "reset", "--hard", old_sha], git_dir=repo_dir)
+                Returns False when the revert did not happen: the cache
+                entry lock could not be acquired in time, the checkout
+                moved since this update (another process refreshed it), or
+                the reset itself failed. A retry cannot reach the
+                pre-update content then.
+                """
+                if lock is None:
+                    # The wrapper already warned about the unlockable
+                    # filesystem; revert unlocked like everything else.
+                    status = _LockStatus.UNAVAILABLE
+                else:
+                    status = _acquire_repo_lock(
+                        lock, safe_key, _REVERT_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS
+                    )
+                if status is _LockStatus.TIMEOUT:
+                    # revert() only runs on an already-failing path; skip
+                    # rather than hang so the original error can surface.
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Could not lock %s to revert to %s, skipping revert; "
+                        "the cached checkout keeps the un-reverted content "
+                        "until its next refresh",
+                        safe_key,
+                        old_sha,
+                    )
+                    return False
+                try:
+                    # Anything can happen between the wrapper releasing the
+                    # lock and revert() re-acquiring it; only undo this
+                    # process's own update, never a peer's newer refresh.
+                    head = run_git_command(
+                        ["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir
+                    )
+                    if head != new_sha:
+                        _LOGGER.warning(
+                            "Not reverting %s: the checkout moved since this "
+                            "update (another process refreshed it)",
+                            safe_key,
+                        )
+                        return False
+                    # Announced only once every skip check has passed, so
+                    # the log says exactly one thing per outcome.
+                    _LOGGER.info("Reverting changes to %s -> %s", safe_key, old_sha)
+                    run_git_command(
+                        ["git", "reset", "--hard", old_sha], git_dir=repo_dir
+                    )
+                except GitException as err:
+                    # GitException is a cv.Invalid; letting it escape would
+                    # replace the caller's original error with a bare git
+                    # message. Report the failed reset like the skip above,
+                    # and drop the marker: an entry whose reset fails cannot
+                    # be trusted, so the next use re-clones it instead of
+                    # the refresh window silently accepting it.
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Could not revert %s to %s (%s), the entry will be "
+                        "re-cloned on next use",
+                        safe_key,
+                        old_sha,
+                        err,
+                    )
+                    _clear_clone_complete_marker(repo_dir)
+                    return False
+                finally:
+                    if status is _LockStatus.ACQUIRED:
+                        lock.release()
+                return True
 
             return repo_dir, revert
+        if refresh.total_seconds >= _REFRESH_DISABLED_SECONDS:
+            # refresh: never
+            _LOGGER.debug("Skipping update for %s (refresh disabled)", safe_key)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Skipping update for %s, will refresh on the next run after %s "
+                "(refresh: %s); use refresh: always to update now",
+                safe_key,
+                format_duration(refresh.total_seconds - age_seconds),
+                format_duration(refresh.total_seconds),
+            )
 
     return repo_dir, None
 
diff --git a/esphome/happy_eyeballs.py b/esphome/happy_eyeballs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35092e7daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/happy_eyeballs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Happy Eyeballs (RFC 8305) connection support for requests/urllib3.
+
+urllib3 tries each resolved address in sequence with the full connect
+timeout, so a network advertising IPv6 DNS without IPv6 connectivity stalls
+every download for the whole timeout before IPv4 is tried.
+``ensure_happy_eyeballs()`` swaps urllib3's ``create_connection`` for one
+that races address families with a short stagger via aiohappyeyeballs, run
+on a daemon-thread event loop so callers stay synchronous.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import socket
+import threading
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# RFC 8305 recommended delay between staggered connection attempts.
+HAPPY_EYEBALLS_DELAY = 0.25
+
+# Extra seconds the connect thread gets beyond the connect timeout before
+# the caller gives up waiting for it.
+_THREAD_WAIT_BUFFER = 5.0
+
+
+# Serialises the check-then-patch so concurrent first calls (download worker
+# threads fanning out) build the replacement exactly once.
+_PATCH_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def ensure_happy_eyeballs() -> None:
+    """Make urllib3 (and therefore requests) connect with Happy Eyeballs.
+
+    Idempotent and thread-safe; call before performing requests-based
+    downloads.
+    """
+    stock: Callable[..., socket.socket] | None = None
+    try:
+        import urllib3.util.connection
+
+        with _PATCH_LOCK:
+            stock = urllib3.util.connection.create_connection
+            if getattr(stock, "_esphome_patched", False):
+                return
+
+            urllib3.util.connection.create_connection = _make_create_connection()
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as err:  # urllib3 internals moved
+        # WARNING: degraded mode brings back the stalls this module prevents.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Happy Eyeballs unavailable (%s); downloads use the slower stock "
+            "urllib3 connect",
+            err,
+        )
+        _LOGGER.debug("Happy Eyeballs fallback traceback", exc_info=True)
+        if stock is not None:
+            # Latch so the warning fires once, not per download.
+            stock._esphome_patched = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+
+def _make_create_connection() -> Callable[..., socket.socket]:
+    """Build a drop-in replacement for urllib3's ``create_connection``."""
+    # Deferred so runs that never download skip the ~30 ms asyncio import.
+    import asyncio
+
+    from aiohappyeyeballs import start_connection
+    from urllib3.exceptions import LocationParseError
+    from urllib3.util.connection import (  # noqa: PLC2701
+        _set_socket_options,
+        allowed_gai_family,
+    )
+    from urllib3.util.timeout import _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT  # noqa: PLC2701
+
+    from esphome import async_thread
+
+    def create_connection(
+        address: tuple[str, int],
+        timeout: Any = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
+        socket_options: Any = None,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        host, port = address
+        if host.startswith("["):
+            host = host.strip("[]")
+        try:
+            host.encode("idna")
+        except UnicodeError:
+            raise LocationParseError(f"'{host}', label empty or too long") from None
+
+        addr_infos = socket.getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, allowed_gai_family(), socket.SOCK_STREAM
+        )
+        if not addr_infos:
+            # Same error as stock urllib3.
+            raise OSError("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+        connect_timeout = (
+            socket.getdefaulttimeout() if timeout is _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT else timeout
+        )
+
+        def socket_factory(addr_info: Any) -> socket.socket:
+            family, type_, proto, _, _ = addr_info
+            sock = socket.socket(family, type_, proto)
+            try:
+                _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
+                if source_address:
+                    sock.bind(source_address)
+            except BaseException:
+                sock.close()
+                raise
+            return sock
+
+        async def connect() -> socket.socket:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(
+                start_connection(
+                    addr_infos,
+                    happy_eyeballs_delay=HAPPY_EYEBALLS_DELAY,
+                    interleave=1,
+                    socket_factory=socket_factory,
+                ),
+                connect_timeout,
+            )
+
+        wait = (
+            None if connect_timeout is None else connect_timeout + _THREAD_WAIT_BUFFER
+        )
+        # on_orphan closes a socket won after the timeout so it cannot leak.
+        sock = async_thread.run_async(
+            connect, timeout=wait, on_orphan=socket.socket.close
+        )
+        # aiohappyeyeballs leaves the winning socket non-blocking; restore the
+        # blocking-with-timeout behavior urllib3 callers expect.
+        try:
+            sock.settimeout(connect_timeout)
+        except BaseException:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+        return sock
+
+    create_connection._esphome_patched = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return create_connection
diff --git a/esphome/helpers.py b/esphome/helpers.py
index 631bcb6f39..4397111c2e 100644
--- a/esphome/helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/helpers.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableMapping
 from contextlib import suppress
 import ipaddress
 import logging
@@ -8,12 +8,9 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import re
-import shutil
 import stat
 import sys
-import tempfile
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TextIO
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION
 
@@ -34,6 +31,14 @@ SockAddr = IPv4SockAddr | IPv6SockAddr
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# cv.boolean's closed spelling tables, shared with the strict env-knob
+# parser (build_helpers.ccache.parse_enable_env)
+TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS = frozenset({"true", "yes", "on", "enable"})
+FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS = frozenset({"false", "no", "off", "disable"})
+# cv.boolean's spelling tables plus the 1/0 env convention
+TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS = TRUTHY_BOOL_STRINGS | {"1"}
+FALSY_ENV_STRINGS = FALSY_BOOL_STRINGS | {"0"}
+
 IS_MACOS = platform.system() == "Darwin"
 IS_WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
 IS_LINUX = platform.system() == "Linux"
@@ -56,15 +61,20 @@ def ensure_unique_string(preferred_string, current_strings):
     return test_string
 
 
-def fnv1_hash(string: str) -> int:
-    """FNV-1 32-bit hash function (multiply then XOR)."""
+def _fnv1_hash(values: Iterable[int]) -> int:
+    """FNV-1 32-bit hash (multiply then XOR) over a sequence of integer values."""
     hash_value = FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS
-    for char in string:
+    for value in values:
         hash_value = (hash_value * FNV1_PRIME) & 0xFFFFFFFF
-        hash_value ^= ord(char)
+        hash_value ^= value
     return hash_value
 
 
+def fnv1_hash(string: str) -> int:
+    """FNV-1 32-bit hash function (multiply then XOR) over code points."""
+    return _fnv1_hash(map(ord, string))
+
+
 def fnv1a_32bit_hash(string: str) -> int:
     """FNV-1a 32-bit hash function (XOR then multiply).
 
@@ -90,11 +100,21 @@ def fnv1_hash_object_id(name: str) -> int:
     """Compute FNV-1 hash of name with snake_case + sanitize transformations.
 
     IMPORTANT: Must produce same result as C++ fnv1_hash_object_id() in helpers.h.
-    Used for pre-computing entity object_id hashes at code generation time.
+    If you modify this function, update the C++ version and tests in both places.
     """
     return fnv1_hash(sanitize(snake_case(name)))
 
 
+def fnv1_hash_name(name: str) -> int:
+    """Compute FNV-1 hash of the raw entity name (UTF-8 bytes, no transformations).
+
+    2026.8 beta firmware stored preferences under keys derived from this hash;
+    a future key migration must reconstruct those keys to recover that data
+    (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85).
+    """
+    return _fnv1_hash(name.encode("utf-8"))
+
+
 def strip_accents(value: str) -> str:
     """Remove accents from a string."""
     import unicodedata
@@ -148,6 +168,21 @@ def indent(text, padding="  "):
     return "\n".join(indent_list(text, padding))
 
 
+def format_duration(seconds: float) -> str:
+    """Format a duration in seconds as a short string like "1d 2h" or "42s".
+
+    Uses the two largest non-zero units, with unit suffixes matching the YAML
+    time period shorthand (d, h, min, s).
+    """
+    remainder = max(0, int(seconds))
+    parts = []
+    for suffix, length in (("d", 86400), ("h", 3600), ("min", 60), ("s", 1)):
+        value, remainder = divmod(remainder, length)
+        if value:
+            parts.append(f"{value}{suffix}")
+    return " ".join(parts[:2]) if parts else "0s"
+
+
 # From https://stackoverflow.com/a/14945195/8924614
 def cpp_string_escape(string, encoding="utf-8"):
     def _should_escape(byte: int) -> bool:
@@ -246,6 +281,9 @@ def resolve_ip_address(
         hosts = host
     else:
         if not is_ip_address(host):
+            # Deferred: upload/logs with an IP target never parse a URL.
+            from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
             url = urlparse(host)
             if url.scheme != "":
                 host = url.hostname
@@ -322,6 +360,24 @@ def resolve_ip_address(
     return res
 
 
+def format_ip_url(family: int, sockaddr: tuple, port: int, path: str) -> str:
+    """Build an ``http://host:port/path`` URL for a resolved address.
+
+    ``family``/``sockaddr`` come from a :func:`resolve_ip_address` entry. IPv6
+    literals must be wrapped in brackets in URLs; link-local addresses need a
+    percent-encoded zone index per RFC 6874.
+    """
+    import socket
+
+    ip = sockaddr[0]
+    if family == socket.AF_INET6:
+        scope = sockaddr[3] if len(sockaddr) >= 4 else 0
+        host_part = f"[{ip}%25{scope}]" if scope else f"[{ip}]"
+    else:
+        host_part = ip
+    return f"http://{host_part}:{port}{path}"
+
+
 def sort_ip_addresses(address_list: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     """Takes a list of IP addresses in string form, e.g. from mDNS or MQTT,
     and sorts them into the best order to actually try connecting to them.
@@ -347,12 +403,14 @@ def sort_ip_addresses(address_list: list[str]) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def get_bool_env(var, default=False):
+    """Read a boolean env var: the ``cv.boolean`` spellings plus ``1``/``0``;
+    anything else falls through to ``bool(value)``."""
     value = os.getenv(var, default)
     if isinstance(value, str):
         value = value.lower()
-        if value in ["1", "true"]:
+        if value in TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS:
             return True
-        if value in ["0", "false"]:
+        if value in FALSY_ENV_STRINGS:
             return False
     return bool(value)
 
@@ -397,6 +455,8 @@ def rmtree(path: Path | str) -> None:
     read-only flag and retrying.
     """
 
+    import shutil
+
     def _onexc(func, path, exc):
         if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
             raise exc
@@ -434,6 +494,11 @@ def _write_file(
 
     Automatically creates all parent directories.
     """
+    # Deferred: a cache-hit upload/logs run never writes a file; keep the
+    # tempfile/shutil chain (bz2, lzma, random) off that path.
+    import shutil
+    import tempfile
+
     data = text
     if isinstance(text, str):
         data = text.encode()
@@ -497,7 +562,18 @@ def write_file_if_changed(path: Path, text: str) -> bool:
     """
     src_content = None
     if path.is_file():
-        src_content = read_file(path)
+        try:
+            src_content = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as err:
+            # Replace a damaged file rather than abort the regeneration that
+            # fixes it; an OSError may hide an intact file, so it still raises
+            _LOGGER.warning("Replacing damaged file %s: %s", path, err)
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Error reading file {path}: {err}") from err
     if src_content == text:
         return False
     write_file(path, text)
@@ -509,6 +585,8 @@ def copy_file_if_changed(src: Path, dst: Path) -> bool:
 
     Returns True if file was copied, False if files already matched.
     """
+    import shutil
+
     if file_compare(src, dst):
         return False
     dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -612,7 +690,7 @@ def add_class_to_obj(value, cls):
         raise
 
 
-def snake_case(value):
+def snake_case(value: str) -> str:
     """Same behaviour as `helpers.cpp` method `str_snake_case`."""
     return value.replace(" ", "_").lower()
 
@@ -620,7 +698,7 @@ def snake_case(value):
 _DISALLOWED_CHARS = re.compile(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9-_]")
 
 
-def sanitize(value):
+def sanitize(value: str) -> str:
     """Same behaviour as `helpers.cpp` method `str_sanitize`."""
     return _DISALLOWED_CHARS.sub("_", value)
 
@@ -661,16 +739,27 @@ class ProgressBar:
         sys.stderr.flush()
 
     def done(self) -> None:
-        if not self.enabled:
+        # No frame drawn, or the 100% frame already ended its own line
+        if not self.enabled or self.last_progress is None or self.last_progress == 100:
             return
         sys.stderr.write("\n")
         sys.stderr.flush()
 
+    def interrupt(self) -> None:
+        """End a mid-row frame so the next write starts on its own row.
+
+        The next ``update()`` redraws the bar; a finished bar stays done.
+        """
+        if self.last_progress == 100:
+            return
+        self.done()
+        self.last_progress = None
+
 
 def docs_url(path: str) -> str:
     """Return the URL to the documentation for a given path."""
     # Local import to avoid circular import
-    from esphome.config_validation import Version
+    from esphome.core import Version
 
     version = Version.parse(ESPHOME_VERSION)
     if version.is_beta:
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index 4f36e4dbe6..62fd597845 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ dependencies:
   esphome/esp-micro-speech-features:
     version: 1.2.3
   esphome/micro-decoder:
-    version: 0.2.0
+    version: 0.4.0
   esphome/micro-flac:
     version: 0.2.0
   esphome/micro-mp3:
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@ dependencies:
   esphome/micro-wav:
     version: 0.2.0
   espressif/esp-dsp:
-    version: "1.7.1"
+    version: "1.8.2"
   espressif/esp-tflite-micro:
     version: 1.3.3~1
   espressif/esp32-camera:
     version: 2.1.7
   espressif/mdns:
-    version: 1.11.0
+    version: 1.11.3
   espressif/esp_wifi_remote:
-    version: 1.5.1
+    version: 1.6.3
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   espressif/wifi_remote_over_eppp:
-    version: 0.3.2
+    version: 0.3.3
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   espressif/eppp_link:
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ dependencies:
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   espressif/esp_hosted:
-    version: 2.12.9
+    version: 2.12.12
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   zorxx/multipart-parser:
@@ -47,12 +47,8 @@ dependencies:
     version: "2.0.0"
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32, esp32p4]"
-  espressif/esp-zboss-lib:
-    version: 1.6.4
-    rules:
-      - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32c5, esp32c6]"
   espressif/esp-zigbee-lib:
-    version: 1.6.8
+    version: 2.0.4
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32c5, esp32c6]"
   espressif/lan87xx:
@@ -102,7 +98,7 @@ dependencies:
   esp32async/asynctcp:
     version: 3.4.91
   sendspin/sendspin-cpp:
-    version: 0.6.1
+    version: 0.7.2
   lvgl/lvgl:
     version: 9.5.0
   fastled/FastLED:
diff --git a/esphome/loader.py b/esphome/loader.py
index a9287abf86..23c6d1bfa5 100644
--- a/esphome/loader.py
+++ b/esphome/loader.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import importlib
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+    from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
 
 # `esphome.core.config` is imported lazily in `_lookup_module` when the
 # "esphome" pseudo-component is first resolved. It pulls in
@@ -135,6 +136,42 @@ class ComponentManifest:
         """
         return getattr(self.module, "FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA", None)
 
+    @property
+    def prefetch_files(
+        self,
+    ) -> Callable[[list[ConfigType]], Iterable[list["RemoteFile"]]] | None:
+        """Optional `PREFETCH_FILES` hook for batched remote file downloads.
+
+        A generator called once per run with the component's raw, pre-schema
+        config entries; each yield is a stage of ``RemoteFile`` downloaded in
+        one parallel pass before schema validation, so a later stage may
+        derive URLs from earlier files' content. Best effort: skip anything
+        unrecognized. On platform components, place it on the platform
+        sub-module; a domain-module hook receives every entry.
+        """
+        return getattr(self.module, "PREFETCH_FILES", None)
+
+    @property
+    def legacy_config_migrate(self) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType | None] | None:
+        """Optional `LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE` callable on a platform component module.
+
+        Called once, before platform entries are processed, with the raw top-level
+        config for this domain. It may transform a pre-platform-format config (e.g.
+        a bare list or legacy dict form) into the normalized list of `platform:`
+        tagged entries and return it. Returning ``None`` means "already in the new
+        format, leave untouched". This is an intentionally removable deprecation
+        shim hook.
+        """
+        return getattr(self.module, "LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE", None)
+
+    @property
+    def expand_platform_config(
+        self,
+    ) -> Callable[[list[ConfigType]], list[ConfigType]] | None:
+        """Optional `EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG` callable; runs on the normalized `platform:`-tagged
+        entry list before per-entry CONFIG_SCHEMA. Must return a list (raise `cv.Invalid` for user errors)."""
+        return getattr(self.module, "EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG", None)
+
     @property
     def resources(self) -> list[FileResource]:
         """Return a list of all file resources defined in the package of this component.
@@ -240,10 +277,9 @@ def _lookup_module(domain: str, exception: bool) -> ComponentManifest | None:
     # If `domain` is the legacy name of a renamed component, redirect to the
     # canonical module so the rest of the loader (and every caller of
     # `get_component(legacy)`) transparently sees the new component.
-    alias_map = _get_alias_map()
-    if domain in alias_map:
-        canonical = alias_map[domain]
-        manif = _lookup_module(canonical, exception)
+    alias_meta = get_alias_metadata().get(domain)
+    if alias_meta is not None:
+        manif = _lookup_module(alias_meta.canonical, exception)
         if manif is not None:
             _COMPONENT_CACHE[domain] = manif
         return manif
@@ -300,8 +336,10 @@ def _replace_component_manifest(domain: str, manifest: ComponentManifest) -> Non
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # A component can declare ``ALIASES = ["legacy_name"]`` (and optionally
-# ``ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "YYYY.M.0"``) in its ``__init__.py``. Two
-# integrations are then wired up automatically:
+# ``ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "YYYY.M.0"``) in its ``__init__.py``, then run
+# ``script/build_alias_registry.py`` to regenerate
+# ``esphome/component_aliases.py`` (CI and a unit test fail if the registry
+# is stale). Two integrations are then wired up automatically:
 #
 #   1. **Python imports** — a ``sys.meta_path`` finder (``_AliasFinder``)
 #      intercepts ``esphome.components.<legacy>``/``...<legacy>.<sub>``
@@ -315,13 +353,13 @@ def _replace_component_manifest(domain: str, manifest: ComponentManifest) -> Non
 #      dependency checks, schema validation and codegen all see only the
 #      canonical name.
 #
-# Both lookups are populated by ``_build_alias_map``, which **AST-parses**
-# every component's ``__init__.py`` rather than importing it. That keeps the
-# cost low: scanning ~400 components on disk takes ~5 ms instead of the
-# multi-second cost of executing every component's import side-effects.
+# Both lookups read the checked-in registry in ``esphome.component_aliases``
+# (generated by ``script/build_alias_registry.py``, verified in CI), so no
+# component-directory scan happens at runtime. ``_build_alias_map`` below is
+# the generator's scan implementation; it **AST-parses** each component's
+# ``__init__.py`` rather than importing it.
 
 
-_ALIAS_MAP_CACHE: dict[str, str] | None = None
 _ALIAS_META_CACHE: dict[str, "AliasMeta"] | None = None
 
 
@@ -338,31 +376,17 @@ class AliasMeta:
     removal_version: str | None
 
 
-def _ensure_alias_caches() -> None:
-    """Populate both alias caches from a single directory scan.
-
-    ``_build_alias_map`` returns both maps together, so building them in one
-    shot avoids scanning every component's ``__init__.py`` twice when a run
-    needs both the canonical map (loader) and the metadata map (config
-    pre-pass).
-    """
-    global _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE, _ALIAS_META_CACHE
-    if _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE is None or _ALIAS_META_CACHE is None:
-        _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE, _ALIAS_META_CACHE = _build_alias_map()
-
-
-def _get_alias_map() -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Return the legacy-name → canonical-name map, building it lazily."""
-    _ensure_alias_caches()
-    return _ALIAS_MAP_CACHE
-
-
 def get_alias_metadata() -> dict[str, AliasMeta]:
-    """Return the legacy-name → :class:`AliasMeta` map (cached).
+    """Return the legacy-name → :class:`AliasMeta` map, built lazily from
+    the generated registry."""
+    global _ALIAS_META_CACHE  # noqa: PLW0603
+    if _ALIAS_META_CACHE is None:
+        from esphome.component_aliases import COMPONENT_ALIASES
 
-    Used by the YAML pre-pass to format a per-alias deprecation warning.
-    """
-    _ensure_alias_caches()
+        _ALIAS_META_CACHE = {
+            alias: AliasMeta(canonical=canonical, removal_version=removal_version)
+            for alias, (canonical, removal_version) in COMPONENT_ALIASES.items()
+        }
     return _ALIAS_META_CACHE
 
 
@@ -508,11 +532,11 @@ class _AliasFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
         # least three parts, so ``parts[2]`` (the domain) always exists.
         parts = fullname.split(".")
         domain = parts[2]
-        alias_map = _get_alias_map()
-        if domain not in alias_map:
+        alias_meta = get_alias_metadata().get(domain)
+        if alias_meta is None:
             return None
 
-        parts[2] = alias_map[domain]
+        parts[2] = alias_meta.canonical
         canonical_fullname = ".".join(parts)
         try:
             canonical_module = importlib.import_module(canonical_fullname)
diff --git a/esphome/log.py b/esphome/log.py
index b120c930d0..1f208bb909 100644
--- a/esphome/log.py
+++ b/esphome/log.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 import logging
+import sys
+from typing import TextIO
 
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
@@ -72,13 +74,30 @@ class ESPHomeLogFormatter(logging.Formatter):
         return message
 
 
+def _is_tty(stream: TextIO | None) -> bool:
+    # A stream can be missing, closed, or not a real file object; colorama
+    # tolerates all three, so treat them like a redirect and let its own
+    # handling apply.
+    if stream is None or getattr(stream, "closed", True):
+        return False
+    return hasattr(stream, "isatty") and stream.isatty()
+
+
 def setup_log(
     log_level: int = logging.INFO,
     include_timestamp: bool = False,
 ) -> None:
-    import colorama
+    # colorama translates ANSI escapes for old Windows consoles and strips
+    # them from redirected output. POSIX terminals render ANSI natively, and
+    # dashboard runs escape their color codes before printing, so both would
+    # use colorama as a plain passthrough; skip the import there (it pulls
+    # in ctypes, ~3ms on every CLI invocation).
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or not (
+        CORE.dashboard or (_is_tty(sys.stdout) and _is_tty(sys.stderr))
+    ):
+        import colorama
 
-    colorama.init()
+        colorama.init()
 
     # Setup logging - will map log level from string to constant
     logging.basicConfig(level=log_level)
diff --git a/esphome/mqtt.py b/esphome/mqtt.py
index c6a7a7558b..62deafb09a 100644
--- a/esphome/mqtt.py
+++ b/esphome/mqtt.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import ssl
 import tempfile
 import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
 
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@ from esphome.helpers import get_int_env, get_str_env
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import safe_print
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -110,8 +114,12 @@ def prepare(
             CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_KEY
         ):
             with (
-                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+", delete=False) as cert_file,
-                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+", delete=False) as key_file,
+                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+                    encoding="utf-8", mode="w+", delete=False
+                ) as cert_file,
+                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+                    encoding="utf-8", mode="w+", delete=False
+                ) as key_file,
             ):
                 try:
                     cert_file.write(config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE))
@@ -160,6 +168,7 @@ def get_esphome_device_ip(
     password: str | None = None,
     client_id: str | None = None,
     timeout: float = 25,
+    stop_event: "threading.Event | None" = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     if CONF_MQTT not in config:
         raise EsphomeError(
@@ -178,55 +187,113 @@ def get_esphome_device_ip(
 
     dev_name = config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME]
     dev_ip = None
+    failed = False
 
     topic = "esphome/discover/" + dev_name
     _LOGGER.info("Starting looking for IP in topic %s", topic)
 
     def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
-        nonlocal dev_ip
+        nonlocal dev_ip, failed
         time_ = datetime.now().astimezone().time().strftime("[%H:%M:%S]")
         payload = msg.payload.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
         if len(payload) > 0:
             message = time_ + " " + payload
             _LOGGER.debug(message)
 
-            data = json.loads(payload)
+            try:
+                data = json.loads(payload)
+            except ValueError:
+                data = None
+            if not isinstance(data, dict):
+                # A raise in this handler would kill paho's network thread
+                _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unparsable discovery payload")
+                return
             if "name" not in data or data["name"] != dev_name:
                 _LOGGER.warning("Wrong device answer")
                 return
 
-            dev_ip = []
+            addresses = []
             key = "ip"
             n = 0
             while key in data:
-                dev_ip.append(data[key])
+                value = data[key]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(value, str)
+                    and (value := value.strip())
+                    and value.isprintable()
+                ):
+                    addresses.append(value)
+                else:
+                    # repr-escaped and truncated: must not forge log lines
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Ignoring invalid address in discovery answer: %s",
+                        repr(value)[:100],
+                    )
                 n = n + 1
                 key = "ip" + str(n)
 
-            if dev_ip:
-                client.disconnect()
+            if not addresses:
+                _LOGGER.warning("Device answer did not include an IP address")
+                failed = True
+                return
+
+            dev_ip = addresses
+            failed = False  # a complete answer wins over an earlier empty one
+            client.disconnect()
 
     def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, return_code):
         topic = "esphome/ping/" + dev_name
         _LOGGER.info("Send discover via MQTT broker topic: %s", topic)
         client.publish(topic, None, retain=False)
 
+    if stop_event is not None and stop_event.is_set():
+        # Teardown already started; don't open a broker connection at all
+        return []
+
+    def on_disconnect(client, userdata, result_code):
+        nonlocal failed
+        if result_code != 0:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Disconnected from MQTT broker (%s)", result_code)
+            failed = True
+
     mqtt_client = prepare(
         config, [topic], on_message, on_connect, username, password, client_id
     )
+    # Discovery is one-shot; prepare()'s reconnect-forever on_disconnect runs
+    # on the network thread and would make loop_stop() below join forever.
+    mqtt_client.on_disconnect = on_disconnect
 
-    mqtt_client.loop_start()
-    while timeout > 0:
-        if dev_ip is not None:
-            break
-        timeout -= 0.250
-        time.sleep(0.250)
-    mqtt_client.loop_stop()
+    if stop_event is None:
+        import threading
+
+        stop_event = threading.Event()  # never set; wait() below is a plain sleep
+    stopped = stop_event.is_set()  # teardown may have started during connect
+    try:
+        if not stopped:
+            mqtt_client.loop_start()
+            while timeout > 0:
+                if dev_ip is not None or failed:
+                    break
+                if stop_event.wait(0.250):
+                    stopped = True
+                    break
+                timeout -= 0.250
+    finally:
+        # A cleanup failure must not replace the discovery result or its
+        # EsphomeError; a second disconnect after on_message's is harmless.
+        try:
+            mqtt_client.disconnect()
+        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            _LOGGER.debug("Error disconnecting from MQTT broker", exc_info=True)
+        mqtt_client.loop_stop()  # only signals and joins; does not raise
 
     if dev_ip is None:
+        if stopped:
+            # Aborted by the caller, not a failure; stay quiet
+            return []
         raise EsphomeError("Failed to find IP via MQTT")
 
-    _LOGGER.info("Found IP: %s", dev_ip)
+    _LOGGER.info("Found IP via MQTT broker: %s", ", ".join(dev_ip))
     return dev_ip
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/net_retry.py b/esphome/net_retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b91b333114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/net_retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""Retry policy and raw HTTP entry point for downloads.
+
+Kept import-light on purpose: this module is imported at config time, so it
+must not pull in requests (a heavy import, ~85ms) at module scope.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+
+from esphome.happy_eyeballs import ensure_happy_eyeballs
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import requests
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# 3 tries with 2s/4s backoff, matching git.py's _NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS.
+# Callers memoize failures so a flaky host pays this once per file per run.
+NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
+
+def _is_permanent_dns_failure(e: BaseException) -> bool:
+    """Whether a hard socket.gaierror hides in ``e``'s exception chain.
+
+    EAI_AGAIN (flaky resolver) stays retryable; anything else is permanent
+    so offline builds fall back to their cache without sleeping first.
+    Narrower than git.py, which retries NXDOMAIN too.
+
+    Walks ``__cause__``, ``args`` (requests wraps MaxRetryError without
+    ``from``) and MaxRetryError's ``reason``, but not implicit
+    ``__context__``: an unrelated earlier attempt's resolution failure
+    must not reclassify an error it did not cause.
+    """
+    import socket
+
+    seen: set[int] = set()
+    stack: list[BaseException] = [e]
+    while stack:
+        exc = stack.pop()
+        if id(exc) in seen:
+            continue
+        if (
+            isinstance(exc, socket.gaierror)
+            and exc.errno is not None
+            and exc.errno != socket.EAI_AGAIN
+        ):
+            return True
+        seen.add(id(exc))
+        stack.extend(
+            nxt
+            for nxt in (
+                exc.__cause__,
+                getattr(exc, "reason", None),  # urllib3 MaxRetryError
+                *exc.args,
+            )
+            if isinstance(nxt, BaseException)
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def is_transient_download_error(e: Exception) -> bool:
+    """Return True when a download failure is worth retrying.
+
+    Connection-level failures and HTTP 429/5xx are transient; hard DNS
+    failures, other HTTP errors, and local errors are permanent.
+    """
+    # Imported lazily: requests is a heavy import (~85ms) and is only
+    # needed when actually downloading, never during config validation.
+    import requests
+
+    if isinstance(e, requests.exceptions.HTTPError):
+        resp = e.response
+        return resp is not None and (resp.status_code == 429 or resp.status_code >= 500)
+    if isinstance(e, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError) and _is_permanent_dns_failure(
+        e
+    ):
+        return False
+    # SSLError (a ConnectionError subclass) stays transient on purpose: it
+    # also covers mid-handshake connection drops, not just bad certificates.
+    return isinstance(
+        e,
+        (
+            requests.exceptions.ConnectionError,
+            requests.exceptions.Timeout,
+            requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError,
+            requests.exceptions.ContentDecodingError,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def fetch_with_retry[T](url: str, fetch: Callable[[], T], what: str = "Download") -> T:
+    """Run ``fetch``, retrying transient failures with 2s/4s backoff.
+
+    Permanent failures and the final attempt propagate to the caller;
+    ``what`` names the operation in the retry warning.
+    """
+    import requests
+
+    for attempt in range(1, NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS):
+        try:
+            return fetch()
+        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            if not is_transient_download_error(e):
+                raise
+            delay = 2**attempt
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "%s of %s failed: %s. Retrying in %d seconds... (attempt %d/%d)",
+                what,
+                url,
+                e,
+                delay,
+                attempt + 1,
+                NETWORK_MAX_ATTEMPTS,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+    return fetch()
+
+
+def http_request(
+    method: Literal["GET", "HEAD"],
+    url: str,
+    *,
+    timeout: float | tuple[float, float],
+    stream: bool = False,
+    headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+) -> requests.Response:
+    """Perform one HTTP request with the Happy Eyeballs patch in place.
+
+    Every ESPHome file download funnels through here so the urllib3 patch
+    and the lazy requests import live in exactly one place. Status handling,
+    retries and streaming stay with the caller. The web server OTA and log
+    clients bypass this on purpose: they iterate already-resolved device
+    addresses themselves, so the patch buys them nothing.
+    """
+    import requests
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    # Dispatched through requests.get/head/... (not requests.request) so
+    # tests patching those entry points keep working.
+    return getattr(requests, method.lower())(
+        url,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        stream=stream,
+        headers=headers or {},
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/platform_hooks.py b/esphome/platform_hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10515723de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platform_hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+"""Registry of platform packages that provide optional CLI hooks.
+
+The logs/upload fast path must know whether a target platform overrides
+``show_logs``/``upload_program`` or provides ``process_stacktrace``
+without importing the platform package to find out; importing one pulls
+in the whole validation stack (config_validation, voluptuous, boards),
+which costs seconds on slow hardware. Keep the mapping in sync with the
+hook definitions in ``esphome/components/*/__init__.py``; a unit test
+imports each platform package and fails when they drift.
+
+The compile-path ``run_compile`` hook is deliberately not registered:
+compiling imports the platform package regardless, so its probe in
+``__main__.py`` stays eager. Both log paths resolve
+``process_stacktrace`` through ``esphome.stacktrace.LogLineProcessor``,
+which uses get_stacktrace_handler below.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from importlib import import_module
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Final
+
+from esphome.const import (
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
+    Platform,
+)
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Hooks whose loss only degrades diagnostics; skipping one of these is
+# logged at debug, while skipping a hook that changes what the CLI does
+# (upload method, log transport) warns. A new hook is loud by default.
+COSMETIC_HOOKS: Final = frozenset({"process_stacktrace"})
+
+# Per-platform trigger languages for lazy stacktrace decoding: a
+# matching line is what imports the platform package, so false triggers
+# (8-digit uptime counters, ESP-IDF decimal timestamps) must stay out.
+# Declaring a gate registers the process_stacktrace hook, and each gate
+# must stay a superset of its decoder patterns' trigger language; both
+# are enforced by tests/unit_tests/test_stacktrace.py. Stored as
+# strings so a log session compiles only its own platform's gate.
+STACKTRACE_GATES: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
+    PLATFORM_ESP32: (
+        r"0x[0-9a-fA-F]{3,}\b"
+        r"|(?:PC|RA|MEPC|MTVAL|EXCVADDR|call)\s*[:=]\s*(?:0x)?4[0-9a-fA-F]{7}"
+        r"|CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT"
+    ),
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266: (
+        r"0x[0-9a-fA-F]{3,}\b"
+        r"|\b(?![0-9]{8}\b)[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\b"
+        r"|(?:PC|EXCVADDR|call)\s*[:=]\s*(?:0x)?4[0-9a-fA-F]{7}"
+        r"|[eE]xception \(\d+\):"
+        r"|>>>stack>>>"
+        r"|CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT"
+    ),
+    PLATFORM_RP2: r"0x[0-9a-fA-F]{3,}\b|CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT",
+    PLATFORM_NRF52: r"0x[0-9a-fA-F]{3,}\b|Last crash:",
+}
+
+PLATFORM_HOOKS: Final[dict[str, frozenset[str]]] = {
+    "show_logs": frozenset({PLATFORM_NRF52}),
+    "upload_program": frozenset({PLATFORM_NRF52}),
+    "process_stacktrace": frozenset(STACKTRACE_GATES),
+}
+
+
+# The registry only speaks for in-tree platforms; a target platform
+# supplied via external_components is normally not in Platform and falls
+# back to probing the imported package, as the CLI did before the
+# registry. Deliberate trade: an external component that shadows an
+# in-tree platform name (the meta finder allows it) is treated as the
+# in-tree platform here, so its own hooks are not probed.
+_IN_TREE_PLATFORMS: Final = frozenset(Platform)
+
+
+def has_registered_hook(platform: str, hook: str) -> bool:
+    """True when *platform* declares *hook* in ``PLATFORM_HOOKS``.
+
+    Callers that defer imports key off this: a registered hook is known
+    to exist, so ``get_platform_hook`` can wait until it is needed;
+    anything else must be probed up front so availability is reported
+    at session start. Keeping the predicate here keeps the resolution
+    rule in one module.
+    """
+    return platform in PLATFORM_HOOKS[hook]
+
+
+def get_platform_hook(platform: str, hook: str) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
+    """Return ``esphome.components.<platform>.<hook>`` or None.
+
+    In-tree platforms not registered for the hook return None without
+    being imported. A registered platform that no longer defines the
+    hook also returns None, so a stale registry degrades to the generic
+    path instead of raising.
+    """
+    registered = has_registered_hook(platform, hook)
+    if not registered and platform in _IN_TREE_PLATFORMS:
+        return None
+    # For external platforms this probes the imported package like the
+    # CLI used to; the package can be missing entirely on the warm-cache
+    # path, where the external_components meta finder never registered.
+    # Degrade to the generic path then, but let a failure deeper in the
+    # package (missing dependency) surface.
+    module_name = f"esphome.components.{platform}"
+    try:
+        module = import_module(module_name)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError as err:
+        if registered or err.name != module_name:
+            raise
+        if hook in COSMETIC_HOOKS:
+            _LOGGER.debug(
+                "External platform %s is not importable; using the generic %s path",
+                platform,
+                hook,
+            )
+        else:
+            # Deliberately loud even though the warm-cache path makes
+            # this expected: the user's platform hooks are not in effect
+            # for this run, and a silently substituted upload method is
+            # worse than a routine warning.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "External platform %s is not importable; using the generic %s path",
+                platform,
+                hook,
+            )
+        return None
+    handler = getattr(module, hook, None)
+    if handler is None:
+        if registered:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "%s is registered for %s but no longer exposes it; using the generic path",
+                platform,
+                hook,
+            )
+        else:
+            # The common case for external platforms; debug so a typoed
+            # hook name is still diagnosable without being noisy.
+            _LOGGER.debug(
+                "External platform %s does not expose %s; using the generic path",
+                platform,
+                hook,
+            )
+    return handler
+
+
+def get_stacktrace_handler(platform: str) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
+    """Resolve ``process_stacktrace`` for *platform*, degrading with a log.
+
+    Stacktrace decoding is a diagnostic nicety. This only distinguishes
+    an import failure from an ordinary capability gap so the message is
+    accurate; it returns None for both, and callers own any further
+    containment. Shared so the user-facing message lives in one place.
+    """
+    try:
+        handler = get_platform_hook(platform, "process_stacktrace")
+    except ImportError as err:
+        # A real breakage, not an ordinary capability gap; say so louder.
+        _LOGGER.debug("Stacktrace analyzer import failed", exc_info=True)
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            'Stacktrace analysis is unavailable: analyzer for target platform "%s" failed to import: %s',
+            platform,
+            err,
+        )
+        return None
+    if handler is None:
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            'Stacktrace analysis is unavailable: no compatible analyzer found for target platform "%s".',
+            platform,
+        )
+    return handler
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script b/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22592a2398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platformio/ccache.py.script
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import os
+
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+# ESPHome decides whether ccache is used and exports the CCACHE_* settings
+# into the environment before PlatformIO starts (_ccache_env() in
+# esphome/platformio/toolchain.py); this script only supplies the SCons-level
+# mechanism.
+#
+# The binary comes pre-resolved in ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH; _ccache_env() has
+# already stripped the Windows \\?\ prefix that cmd.exe cannot run.
+#
+# This is a "pre" script, so the platform's builder (which sets CC/CXX and
+# clones the construction environment for framework and library builds) runs
+# after it. Replacing CC/CXX here would be overwritten, and replacing them in
+# a "post" script would miss the already-cloned library environments. Wrapping
+# SPAWN instead is ordering-proof: clones copy the wrapper, and every compiler
+# invocation from every environment funnels through it at execution time.
+if os.environ.get("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE") == "1" and (
+    ccache_path := os.environ.get("ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH")
+):
+    original_spawn = env["SPAWN"]
+
+    def ccache_spawn(sh, escape, cmd, args, child_env):
+        # Only wrap compile steps (gcc/g++ with -c); linking, archiving and
+        # the other tools gain nothing from ccache.
+        prog = os.path.basename(cmd).removesuffix(".exe")
+        if prog.endswith(("gcc", "g++")) and "-c" in args:
+            cmd = ccache_path
+            args = [escape(ccache_path), *args]
+        return original_spawn(sh, escape, cmd, args, child_env)
+
+    env.Replace(SPAWN=ccache_spawn)
+    print("ESPHome: Compiling with ccache")
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/extra_script.py b/esphome/platformio/extra_script.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e04ccd1f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platformio/extra_script.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+"""Run a PlatformIO library ``extraScript`` against a fake SCons env.
+
+The shim execs the script with a stand-in ``env``, captures ``env.Append``
+calls (everything else is a logged no-op), and folds the result into the
+library's build flags. No sandboxing: the script runs with full process
+access, so it carries the same trust as the library's own source.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shlex
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.platformio.library import ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.platformio.library import ConvertedLibrary
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def apply_extra_script(
+    component: ConvertedLibrary,
+    board_mcu: Callable[[], str],
+    pio_platform: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Run a library's ``extraScript`` and fold its captured env vars into
+    ``build.flags``; ``board_mcu`` is a callable so it resolves lazily."""
+    extra_script = component.data.get("build", {}).get("extraScript")
+    if extra_script is None or extra_script == "":
+        return
+    if not isinstance(extra_script, str):
+        # A list/dict value would raise an opaque TypeError on the join below
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"extraScript of library {component.name} must be a string, "
+            f"got {type(extra_script).__name__}"
+        )
+    # Resolve and confine to the library's source dir so a malicious
+    # library.json can't escape (e.g. ``"extraScript": "../../etc/passwd"``).
+    source_path = component.source_dir
+    library_root = source_path.resolve()
+    script_path = (source_path / extra_script).resolve()
+    if not script_path.is_relative_to(library_root):
+        # More hostile than a missing script; must not be quieter than it
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"extraScript {extra_script} of library {component.name} escapes "
+            "the library directory"
+        )
+    if not script_path.is_file():
+        # A declared-but-absent script is a broken or half-downloaded
+        # package, not an unsupported script; PlatformIO fails on it too
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"extraScript {extra_script} of library {component.name} not found"
+        )
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script_path,
+        library_dir=source_path,
+        board_mcu=board_mcu(),
+        pio_platform=pio_platform,
+    )
+    if link_flags := _str_entries(result.linkflags, "LINKFLAGS"):
+        # Kept apart from build.flags: the CMake emitters route those to
+        # target_compile_options, where a link flag is silently ineffective
+        esphome_data = component.data.setdefault(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {})
+        esphome_data.setdefault(ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []).extend(link_flags)
+    extra_flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=source_path)
+    if not extra_flags:
+        return
+    flags = component.data.setdefault("build", {}).setdefault("flags", [])
+    if isinstance(flags, str):
+        flags = [flags]
+    elif not isinstance(flags, list):
+        # A null/dict value coerced through a list wrapper would inject a
+        # non-string into the compiler command line; fail naming the library
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {component.name} has a malformed build.flags "
+            f"({type(flags).__name__}); expected a string or list"
+        )
+    component.data["build"]["flags"] = [*flags, *extra_flags]
+
+
+# Keys we know how to translate back into ESPHome's build-flag pipeline.
+# Other env.Append kwargs are recorded but ignored downstream.
+_CAPTURED_KEYS = frozenset(
+    {"CPPPATH", "LIBPATH", "LIBS", "CPPDEFINES", "LINKFLAGS", "CPPFLAGS"}
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExtraScriptResult:
+    """Build-var deltas captured from a PIO extra-script ``env.Append`` call."""
+
+    cpppath: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    libpath: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    libs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    cppdefines: list[CppDefine] = field(default_factory=list)
+    linkflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    cppflags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class CppDefine(NamedTuple):
+    """One normalized CPPDEFINES entry; a ``value`` of None is a bare -DNAME."""
+
+    name: str
+    value: str | None = None
+
+
+def _cppdefine(entry: Any) -> CppDefine | None:
+    """Normalize one CPPDEFINES element, or warn and drop an unsupported
+    shape; formatting those blind would hand the compiler garbage like
+    ``-D{'FOO': '1'}``."""
+    if isinstance(entry, str):
+        return CppDefine(entry)
+    if (
+        isinstance(entry, (tuple, list))
+        and len(entry) == 2
+        and isinstance(entry[0], (str, int))
+        and isinstance(entry[1], (str, int, type(None)))
+    ):
+        value = entry[1]
+        return CppDefine(str(entry[0]), None if value is None else str(value))
+    _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unsupported CPPDEFINES entry %r", entry)
+    return None
+
+
+def _cppdefines_items(value: Any) -> list[CppDefine]:
+    """Normalize SCons ``processDefines`` spellings into ``CppDefine``s: a
+    bare 2-tuple is one ``name=value`` pair, a dict maps names to values, a
+    list is element-wise."""
+    if isinstance(value, tuple) and len(value) == 2:
+        elements: list[Any] = [value]
+    elif isinstance(value, dict):
+        elements = list(value.items())
+    else:
+        elements = list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
+    return [d for e in elements if (d := _cppdefine(e)) is not None]
+
+
+class _FakeSConsEnv:
+    """Minimal SCons ``Environment`` stand-in: ``get`` and ``Append`` work;
+    every other method is a swallowed no-op so scripts don't abort."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *, board_mcu: str, pio_env: str, pio_platform: str) -> None:
+        self._vars: dict[str, str] = {
+            "BOARD_MCU": board_mcu,
+            "PIOPLATFORM": pio_platform,
+            "PIOENV": pio_env,
+        }
+        self.result = ExtraScriptResult()
+        self._warned_methods: set[str] = set()
+        self._warned_keys: set[str] = set()
+        self._warned_gets: set[str] = set()
+
+    # ----- SCons env API the common scripts use -----
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        if key not in self._vars and key not in self._warned_gets:
+            # A script branching on an unmodelled var silently takes the
+            # default branch; make that diagnosable from a normal build log
+            self._warned_gets.add(key)
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "PIO extra-script env.get(%r) is not modelled; returning the default",
+                key,
+            )
+        return self._vars.get(key, default)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
+        # Without this, "KEY" in env falls back to the legacy sequence
+        # protocol: __getitem__(0), (1), ... never raises, so it loops
+        # forever flooding the log
+        return key in self._vars
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._vars)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        # Scripts also read env["BOARD_MCU"]; an unmodelled subscript
+        # degrades one branch instead of discarding the whole capture
+        if key not in self._vars and key not in self._warned_gets:
+            self._warned_gets.add(key)
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "PIO extra-script env[%r] is not modelled; returning ''", key
+            )
+        return self._vars.get(key, "")
+
+    def Append(self, **kwargs) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (SCons API name)
+        self._add(kwargs, prepend=False)
+
+    def Prepend(self, **kwargs) -> None:  # noqa: N802 (SCons API name)
+        self._add(kwargs, prepend=True)
+
+    def _add(self, kwargs: dict[str, Any], *, prepend: bool) -> None:
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            if key not in _CAPTURED_KEYS:
+                # Warn once per key so a loop of Appends cannot spam
+                if key not in self._warned_keys:
+                    self._warned_keys.add(key)
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "PIO extra-script env.Append(%s=...) is not captured; ignoring",
+                        key,
+                    )
+                continue
+            if key == "CPPDEFINES":
+                items = _cppdefines_items(value)
+            else:
+                items = list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
+            bucket = getattr(self.result, key.lower())
+            if prepend:
+                # SCons order: new values ahead of what is already there
+                # (scripts prepend LIBS for static-link symbol resolution)
+                bucket[:0] = items
+            else:
+                bucket.extend(items)
+
+    # Dedup is not modelled; a repeated flag is harmless on the command line
+    AppendUnique = Append
+    PrependUnique = Prepend
+
+    # ----- Everything else is a no-op so unsupported scripts don't crash -----
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str):
+        if name.startswith("__") and name.endswith("__"):
+            # Protocol probes (copy, pickle, iteration) are not script calls
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+        if name not in self._warned_methods:
+            # Warn on access, not call: hasattr()/truthiness branches would
+            # otherwise silently take the wrong path; a script whose whole
+            # effect is env.Replace() stays diagnosable either way
+            self._warned_methods.add(name)
+            _LOGGER.warning("PIO extra-script env.%s is not supported; ignoring", name)
+
+        def _noop(*args, **kwargs):
+            return None
+
+        return _noop
+
+
+def run_extra_script(
+    script_path: Path,
+    *,
+    library_dir: Path,
+    board_mcu: str,
+    pio_platform: str,
+) -> ExtraScriptResult:
+    """Execute ``script_path`` with a fake SCons env, ``library_dir`` as CWD.
+
+    A crashed script warns and returns an empty result, never a partial
+    capture."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu=board_mcu,
+        pio_env=f"esphome_{board_mcu}",
+        pio_platform=pio_platform,
+    )
+    try:
+        source = script_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    except OSError as err:
+        # An unreadable declared script is a broken package, exactly like a
+        # missing one; must not be quieter than that case
+        raise EsphomeError(f"extraScript {script_path} is unreadable: {err}") from err
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+        # A content problem, best-effort like a SyntaxError below
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "PIO extra-script %s (in %s) is not UTF-8 (%r); ignoring its output",
+            script_path,
+            library_dir.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return ExtraScriptResult()
+    old_cwd = Path.cwd()
+    try:
+        # Inside the try: a SyntaxError in a vendored script is just as
+        # best-effort as a runtime failure
+        code = compile(source, str(script_path), "exec")
+        os.chdir(library_dir)
+        exec(  # noqa: S102 pylint: disable=exec-used
+            code,
+            {
+                "Import": lambda *_args: None,  # SCons-side import; harmless here
+                "env": env,
+                "__file__": str(script_path),
+                "__name__": "__pio_extra_script__",
+            },
+        )
+    except SystemExit as e:
+        if not e.code:
+            # sys.exit() / sys.exit(0) is a normal PlatformIO script ending;
+            # the capture is complete
+            return env.result
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "PIO extra-script %s (in %s) exited with status %r; ignoring its output",
+            script_path,
+            library_dir.name,
+            e.code,
+        )
+        return ExtraScriptResult()
+    except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # Discard any partial capture: half-applied flags could build wrong
+        # firmware that links cleanly.
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "PIO extra-script %s (in %s) raised %r; ignoring its output",
+            script_path,
+            library_dir.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return ExtraScriptResult()
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(old_cwd)
+    return env.result
+
+
+def _str_entries(bucket: list, kind: str) -> list[str]:
+    # Third-party scripts legally append SCons nodes, ints, or dicts;
+    # stringifying those into flags would hand the compiler garbage
+    good = [entry for entry in bucket if isinstance(entry, str)]
+    for entry in bucket:
+        if not isinstance(entry, str):
+            _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unsupported %s entry %r", kind, entry)
+    return good
+
+
+def captured_as_build_flags(
+    result: ExtraScriptResult, *, library_dir: Path
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Translate captured env vars into -L/-l/-D/raw build flags; path
+    entries anchor to ``library_dir`` so the build files stay portable."""
+    flags: list[str] = []
+    library_root = library_dir.resolve()
+
+    def _anchored(path: str) -> str:
+        # Anchor relative paths to library_dir; the script's CWD has been
+        # restored by now
+        resolved = (library_dir / path).resolve()
+        try:
+            return str(resolved.relative_to(library_root))
+        except ValueError:
+            return str(resolved)
+
+    # shlex.quote so a spaced path survives lex_build_flags as one token
+    flags.extend(
+        f"-I{shlex.quote(_anchored(path))}"
+        for path in _str_entries(result.cpppath, "CPPPATH")
+    )
+    flags.extend(
+        f"-L{shlex.quote(_anchored(path))}"
+        for path in _str_entries(result.libpath, "LIBPATH")
+    )
+    flags.extend(f"-l{shlex.quote(lib)}" for lib in _str_entries(result.libs, "LIBS"))
+    for define in result.cppdefines:
+        if define.value is None:
+            # {"FOO": None} / ("FOO", None) is a bare -DFOO in SCons
+            flags.append(shlex.quote(f"-D{define.name}"))
+        else:
+            flags.append(shlex.quote(f"-D{define.name}={define.value}"))
+    # Each captured entry is one argv token in SCons; quote so the
+    # lex_build_flags round-trip cannot split a spaced value into two.
+    # LINKFLAGS are deliberately absent: they travel via
+    # ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY straight to the link line.
+    flags.extend(shlex.quote(f) for f in _str_entries(result.cppflags, "CPPFLAGS"))
+    return flags
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/library.py b/esphome/platformio/library.py
index c2d783ecbe..1792647d6b 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/library.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio/library.py
@@ -13,23 +13,29 @@ regardless of which toolchain consumes the result.
 """
 
 from collections import deque
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial
 import glob
 import hashlib
 import itertools
 import json
 import logging
 import os
-from pathlib import Path
+from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
 import re
-import tempfile
 from typing import Any
-from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlsplit, urlunsplit
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+from urllib.request import url2pathname
 
 from esphome import git
-from esphome.core import CORE, Library
-from esphome.framework_helpers import archive_extract_all, download_from_mirrors, rmdir
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Library
+from esphome.framework_helpers import (
+    download_and_extract,
+    failure_reason,
+    rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
+)
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -46,62 +52,114 @@ DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER = (
 DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_DIRS = "src"
 DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR = "include"
 DEFAULT_BUILD_FLAGS = []
-SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS = [
-    ".c",
-    ".cpp",
-    ".cc",
-    ".cxx",
-    ".c++",
-    ".S",
-    ".spp",
-    ".SPP",
-    ".sx",
-    ".s",
-    ".asm",
-    ".ASM",
-]
+# Suffix -> compiler kind (PlatformIO's CSUFFIXES/CXXSUFFIXES/ASSUFFIXES);
+# "aspp" is SCons's preprocessed-assembly set, "asm" its plain-assembler
+# set (no preprocessor, defines, or includes). Per CXXSUFFIXES .C/.C++ are
+# C++ here, even where SCons demotes .C on case-insensitive filesystems.
+SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX: dict[str, str] = {
+    ".c": "c",
+    ".cpp": "cxx",
+    ".cc": "cxx",
+    ".cxx": "cxx",
+    ".c++": "cxx",
+    ".C": "cxx",
+    ".C++": "cxx",
+    ".S": "aspp",
+    ".spp": "aspp",
+    ".SPP": "aspp",
+    ".sx": "aspp",
+    ".s": "asm",
+    ".asm": "asm",
+    ".ASM": "asm",
+}
+SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS = list(SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX)
 
 DOMAIN = "pio_components"
 
+# Marks a cache dir whose archive finished extracting; a missing marker
+# means a torn extraction that must be redone
+_EXTRACTED_MARKER = ".esphome_extracted"
+
 ESPHOME_DATA_KEY = "ESPHOME"
 ESPHOME_DATA_EXTRA_CMAKE_KEY = "EXTRA_CMAKE"
+# Captured extra-script LINKFLAGS; kept apart from build.flags so they reach
+# the link line (target_link_options), not target_compile_options
+ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY = "LINK_FLAGS"
 
 
 class Source:
-    def download(self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "") -> Path:
+    def download(
+        self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
+    ) -> Path:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def source_root(self, build_path: Path) -> Path:
+        """Directory holding the library's own files (manifest + sources).
+
+        Defaults to the downloaded build directory; a source that references its
+        files in place (:class:`LocalSource`) overrides this to point elsewhere.
+        """
+        return build_path
+
 
 class URLSource(Source):
-    def __init__(self, url: str):
+    def __init__(self, url: str, size: int | None = None):
         self.url = url
+        # Archive size as reported by the registry, when known; sizes the
+        # combined prefetch bar without any extra network probe
+        self.size = size
 
-    def download(self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "") -> Path:
+    def _cache_dir(self, dir_suffix: str, salt: str, namespace: str) -> Path:
+        # Namespace the cache per backend (e.g. pio_components/idf, .../zephyr) so
+        # the build files each backend writes into the library dir can't collide.
         base_dir = Path(CORE.data_dir) / DOMAIN
+        if namespace:
+            base_dir = base_dir / namespace
         h = hashlib.new("sha256")
         h.update(self.url.encode())
         if salt:
             h.update(salt.encode())
-        path = base_dir / h.hexdigest()[:8] / dir_suffix
+        return base_dir / h.hexdigest()[:8] / dir_suffix
+
+    def is_cached(self, dir_suffix: str, salt: str = "", namespace: str = "") -> bool:
+        """Whether a completed extraction already exists for this source."""
+        return (
+            self._cache_dir(dir_suffix, salt, namespace) / _EXTRACTED_MARKER
+        ).is_file()
+
+    def download(
+        self,
+        dir_suffix: str,
+        force: bool = False,
+        salt: str = "",
+        namespace: str = "",
+        progress: Callable[[int], None] | None = None,
+    ) -> Path:
+        path = self._cache_dir(dir_suffix, salt, namespace)
         # Marker file written last to signal a complete extraction. Using a
         # marker (instead of just `path.is_dir()`) means an interrupted
         # extraction is correctly detected and re-run on the next invocation,
         # and lets us extract directly into ``path`` — avoiding a
         # post-extraction rename that races with antivirus on Windows.
-        extracted_marker = path / ".esphome_extracted"
+        extracted_marker = path / _EXTRACTED_MARKER
         if not extracted_marker.is_file() or force:
             rmdir(path, msg=f"Clean up library directory {path}")
 
-            # Download in temporary file
-            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
+            if progress is None:
+                # A batch caller draws one combined bar and logs the list
                 _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s ...", self.url)
-                _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", path)
+            _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", path)
 
-                download_from_mirrors([self.url], {}, tmp.file)
-
-                _LOGGER.debug("Extracting archive to %s ...", path)
-                archive_extract_all(tmp.file, path)
-                extracted_marker.touch()
+            # The sibling archive path lets an interrupted download's .part
+            # file survive and resume on the next esphome run.
+            download_and_extract(
+                [self.url],
+                {},
+                path.with_name(f"{path.name}.archive"),
+                path,
+                progress=progress,
+            )
+            extracted_marker.touch()
         return path
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -113,13 +171,20 @@ class GitSource(Source):
         self.url = url
         self.ref = ref
 
-    def download(self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "") -> Path:
+    def download(
+        self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
+    ) -> Path:
+        domain = DOMAIN
+        if namespace:
+            domain = f"{domain}/{namespace}"
+        if salt:
+            domain = f"{domain}/{salt}"
         path, _ = git.clone_or_update(
             url=self.url,
             ref=self.ref,
             refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH if not force else None,
-            domain=f"{DOMAIN}/{salt}" if salt else DOMAIN,
-            submodules=[],
+            domain=domain,
+            init_submodules=True,
             subpath=Path(dir_suffix),
         )
         return path
@@ -128,10 +193,62 @@ class GitSource(Source):
         return f"{self.url}#{self.ref}" if self.ref else self.url
 
 
+class LocalSource(Source):
+    """A library that already exists as a directory on the local filesystem.
+
+    Referenced with a ``file://`` URL (PlatformIO's spelling for a local library
+    folder). Nothing is copied: the backend generates its build files into an
+    otherwise empty cache directory and references the library's own sources in
+    place by absolute path (via :meth:`source_root`). So the user's source tree
+    stays untouched and edits are picked up on the next build without syncing.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str):
+        self.local_path = path
+
+    def download(
+        self, dir_suffix: str, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""
+    ) -> Path:
+        src = Path(self.local_path)
+        if not src.is_dir():
+            # EsphomeError (not InvalidLibrary) so the CLI prints a clean message
+            # instead of a traceback -- pointing a file:// at a missing folder is
+            # the most common first mistake with a local library.
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Local library directory does not exist: {self.local_path}"
+            )
+        base_dir = Path(CORE.data_dir) / DOMAIN
+        if namespace:
+            base_dir = base_dir / namespace
+        h = hashlib.new("sha256")
+        h.update(str(src.resolve()).encode())
+        if salt:
+            h.update(salt.encode())
+        # Only the generated build files live here; the library's own sources
+        # are referenced in place from source_root().
+        path = base_dir / h.hexdigest()[:8] / dir_suffix
+        path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        return path
+
+    def source_root(self, build_path: Path) -> Path:
+        return Path(self.local_path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        path = Path(self.local_path)
+        # as_uri() needs an absolute path; _node_key rejects relative file://
+        # URLs, but guard anyway so a diagnostic can't itself raise.
+        return path.as_uri() if path.is_absolute() else f"file://{self.local_path}"
+
+
 class InvalidLibrary(Exception):
     pass
 
 
+class IncompatiblePlatform(InvalidLibrary):
+    """The routine cross-platform skip, typed so callers need not match
+    message text."""
+
+
 class ConvertedLibrary:
     """A resolved PlatformIO library plus its parsed manifest and on-disk path.
 
@@ -147,6 +264,9 @@ class ConvertedLibrary:
         self.data = {}
         self.dependencies: list[ConvertedLibrary] = []
         self._path: Path | None = None
+        # Where the library's own files live (manifest + sources). Set by
+        # download(); equals path for registry/git, the user's dir for local.
+        self.source_path: Path | None = None
 
     def __str__(self):
         return f"{self.name}@{self.version}={self.source}"
@@ -161,23 +281,34 @@ class ConvertedLibrary:
     def path(self, value: Path) -> None:
         self._path = value
 
+    @property
+    def source_dir(self) -> Path:
+        """Directory the library's own files (manifest + sources) are read from.
+
+        The build dir for a registry/git source; the user's directory for a
+        local library. Backends read sources from here and emit their build
+        files into ``path``.
+        """
+        return self.source_path or self.path
+
     def get_sanitized_name(self):
         return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-/]", "_", self.name)
 
     def get_require_name(self):
         return self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
 
-    def download(self, force: bool = False, salt: str = ""):
+    def download(self, force: bool = False, salt: str = "", namespace: str = ""):
         """Fetch the library into the shared cache and record its ``path``.
 
         The cache directory is named after the sanitized library name; backends
         rely on that name to identify the unit they build (e.g. ESP-IDF uses the
         directory name as the component name, replacing ``/`` with ``__`` via
-        ``get_require_name``).
+        ``get_require_name``). ``namespace`` keeps each backend's cache separate.
         """
         self.path = self.source.download(
-            self.get_sanitized_name(), force=force, salt=salt
+            self.get_sanitized_name(), force=force, salt=salt, namespace=namespace
         )
+        self.source_path = self.source.source_root(self.path)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -188,11 +319,15 @@ class LibraryBackend:
     ``emit`` writes the toolchain-specific build files into a resolved library's
     ``path`` (e.g. the ESP-IDF ``CMakeLists.txt`` + ``idf_component.yml``, or a
     Zephyr ``module.yml`` + ``CMakeLists.txt``).
+    ``cache_key`` namespaces the download cache (``pio_components/<cache_key>/``)
+    so the differing build files two backends emit into a library dir never
+    collide when the same config dir hosts both an ESP-IDF and a Zephyr build.
     """
 
-    platform: str
+    platform: str | None
     framework: str
     emit: Callable[["ConvertedLibrary"], None]
+    cache_key: str
 
 
 def ensure_list[T](obj: T | list[T]) -> list[T]:
@@ -273,6 +408,12 @@ def collect_filtered_files(src_dir: PathType, src_filters: list[str]) -> list[st
                 for root, _, files in os.walk(item):
                     matched.extend([str(Path(root) / f) for f in files])
 
+        # glob keeps the pattern's literal separators for non-wildcard path
+        # components, so on Windows the same file can surface with different
+        # separators depending on where the wildcards sit; normalize so the
+        # include/exclude set operations below compare equal paths.
+        matched = [os.path.normpath(m) for m in matched]
+
         # FILTER_REGEX only ever captures "+" or "-", so the else is the "-" case.
         if sign == "+":
             selected.update(matched)
@@ -306,7 +447,28 @@ def split_list_by_condition(
     return matched, non_matched
 
 
-def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str, framework: str):
+def _valid_manifest_shape(data: Any) -> bool:
+    """Whether the manifest has the dict shapes every backend dereferences.
+
+    A bare json.load imposes no shape; validating once here means a
+    malformed third-party manifest fails by library name instead of a raw
+    TypeError/AttributeError in a backend.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        return False
+    build = data.get("build", {})
+    esphome_data = data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {})
+    return (
+        isinstance(build, dict)
+        and isinstance(esphome_data, dict)
+        and isinstance(esphome_data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []), list)
+        and isinstance(build.get("srcDir", ""), str)
+        and isinstance(build.get("includeDir", ""), str)
+        and isinstance(build.get("srcFilter", ""), (str, list))
+    )
+
+
+def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str):
     """
     Check whether a library manifest is compatible with the target toolchain.
 
@@ -319,7 +481,9 @@ def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str, framework: str):
     Args:
         data: PIO library manifest dict being processed.
         platform: The PlatformIO platform token the build targets (e.g.
-            ``espressif32``).
+            ``espressif32``). ``None`` skips the platform check entirely — useful
+            for targets (e.g. Zephyr) where PIO manifests rarely declare the
+            platform yet portable libraries still build.
         framework: The active framework name (e.g. ``espidf``, ``arduino``,
             ``zephyr``) the manifest is expected to declare.
 
@@ -330,17 +494,22 @@ def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str, framework: str):
     if isinstance(platforms, str):
         platforms = [a.strip() for a in platforms.split(",")]
     platforms = ensure_list(platforms)
+    if not all(isinstance(pf, str) for pf in platforms):
+        # A real (non-platform) manifest problem; callers warn, not skip
+        raise InvalidLibrary(f"Malformed platforms value: {platforms!r}")
 
     # Check if library supports the target platform
-    valid_platforms = "*" in platforms or platform in platforms
+    valid_platforms = platform is None or "*" in platforms or platform in platforms
 
     if not valid_platforms:
-        raise InvalidLibrary(f"Unsupported library platforms: {platforms}")
+        raise IncompatiblePlatform(f"Unsupported library platforms: {platforms}")
 
     frameworks = data.get("frameworks", "*")
     if isinstance(frameworks, str):
         frameworks = [a.strip() for a in frameworks.split(",")]
     frameworks = ensure_list(frameworks)
+    if not all(isinstance(fw, str) for fw in frameworks):
+        raise InvalidLibrary(f"Malformed frameworks value: {frameworks!r}")
 
     # Check if library declares the active framework. PIO library manifests
     # often list only "arduino" even when the library actually compiles fine
@@ -358,7 +527,7 @@ def check_library_data(data: dict, platform: str, framework: str):
         )
 
 
-def _parse_library_json(library_json_path: PathType):
+def parse_library_json(library_json_path: PathType):
     """
     Load and parse a JSON file describing a library.
 
@@ -372,7 +541,7 @@ def _parse_library_json(library_json_path: PathType):
         return json.load(fp)
 
 
-def _parse_library_properties(library_properties_path: PathType):
+def parse_library_properties(library_properties_path: PathType):
     """
     Parse a key-value platformio .properties style file into a dictionary.
 
@@ -421,9 +590,10 @@ def _make_registry_client() -> Any:
 
 def _resolve_registry_version(
     owner: str | None, pkgname: str, requirements: set[str]
-) -> tuple[str, str, str, str]:
+) -> tuple[str, str, str, str, int | None]:
     """Resolve a registry package to the single highest version satisfying ALL
-    the given requirements; return ``(owner, name, version, download_url)``.
+    the given requirements; return ``(owner, name, version, download_url,
+    size)`` (``size`` is None when the registry omits it).
 
     Intersecting every requirement (rather than resolving each consumer in
     isolation) makes the result independent of processing order and guarantees
@@ -453,22 +623,134 @@ def _resolve_registry_version(
     pkgfile = registry.pick_compatible_pkg_file(best["files"])
     if not pkgfile:
         raise RuntimeError(f"No package file for {owner}/{name}@{best['name']}")
-    return owner, name, best["name"], pkgfile["download_url"]
+    return owner, name, best["name"], pkgfile["download_url"], pkgfile.get("size")
 
 
-def _normalize_dependencies(dependencies: Any) -> list[dict]:
+def split_flag_entry(entry: Any, owner: str) -> list[str]:
+    """``shlex.split`` with a clean error naming the offending flags entry."""
+    # Late import: shlex is only needed when actually lexing flags
+    import shlex
+
+    try:
+        return shlex.split(entry)
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError, TypeError) as err:
+        # AttributeError/TypeError: a dict or number from a third-party
+        # manifest; name the entry instead of an opaque shlex traceback
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Malformed build flag {entry!r} in {owner}: {err}") from err
+
+
+def lex_build_flags(entries: str | list[str], owner: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Shell-lex ``build.flags`` entries the way PlatformIO's ParseFlags
+    does; bare -I/-L/-l/-D tokens re-glue to their argument."""
+    # Lex per entry as ParseFlags does: a dangling -I must warn, not absorb
+    # the next entry's first token
+    return [
+        token
+        for entry in ensure_list(entries)
+        for token in join_flag_args(split_flag_entry(entry, owner), owner)
+    ]
+
+
+# Flags whose argument may follow as a separate token; ParseFlags glues them
+BARE_ARG_FLAGS = frozenset({"-I", "-L", "-l", "-D"})
+
+
+def join_flag_args(tokens: Iterable[str], owner: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Join a bare ``-I``/``-L``/``-l``/``-D`` with its following token, as
+    PlatformIO's ParseFlags does. A trailing or empty argument is warned and
+    dropped: the bare flag would make gcc eat the next flag."""
+    out: list[str] = []
+    it = iter(tokens)
+    for tok in it:
+        if tok in BARE_ARG_FLAGS:
+            arg = next(it, None)
+            if arg is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring trailing '%s' in %s build flags", tok, owner)
+                break
+            if not arg:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Ignoring '%s' with empty argument in %s build flags", tok, owner
+                )
+                continue
+            tok += arg
+        out.append(tok)
+    return out
+
+
+def warn_properties_depends(name: str, data: object) -> None:
+    """Warn for ``depends=``-only manifests; the walk reads only the JSON
+    ``dependencies`` key, so they would otherwise drop silently."""
+    if isinstance(data, dict) and not data.get("dependencies") and data.get("depends"):
+        # INFO: common and unactionable for transitive libraries; a WARNING
+        # on every build would train users to ignore the stream
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Library %s declares dependencies via library.properties "
+            "depends=, which are not resolved automatically; add them with "
+            "add_library() if needed",
+            name,
+        )
+
+
+def dependency_is_usable(
+    dep: dict, platform: str | None, framework: str, requester: str
+) -> bool:
+    """Compatibility filter for a manifest dependency: platform mismatches
+    skip at debug, any other ``InvalidLibrary`` warns naming the requester."""
+    try:
+        check_library_data(dep, platform, framework)
+    except IncompatiblePlatform as e:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Skip dependency %s of %s: %s", dep.get("name"), requester, e)
+        return False
+    except InvalidLibrary as e:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Skipping dependency %s of %s: %s", dep.get("name"), requester, e
+        )
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _valid_dependency_entry(entry: dict, manifest_name: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether a normalized entry carries a usable name (non-empty string),
+    version (string, if present), and owner (string, if present); invalid
+    entries warn naming the manifest."""
+    name = entry.get("name")
+    owner = entry.get("owner")
+    name_ok = isinstance(name, str) and name
+    version_ok = "version" not in entry or isinstance(entry["version"], str)
+    owner_ok = owner is None or isinstance(owner, str)
+    if name_ok and version_ok and owner_ok:
+        return True
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Ignoring unrecognized dependency entry %r of %s", entry, manifest_name
+    )
+    return False
+
+
+def normalize_dependencies(
+    dependencies: Any, manifest_name: str = "manifest"
+) -> list[dict]:
     """Normalize a library manifest's ``dependencies`` to a list of dicts.
 
-    PIO's library.json accepts both the list-of-dicts form and the shorthand
-    dict form (``{"owner/Name": "version_spec"}``); normalize the latter so
-    callers see a uniform list.
+    PIO's library.json accepts the list-of-dicts form, the shorthand dict
+    form (``{"owner/Name": "version_spec"}``), bare name strings inside the
+    list, and a plain (possibly comma-separated) string; normalize them all
+    so callers see a uniform list. ``manifest_name`` names the manifest in the
+    warning for entries that cannot be normalized.
+
+    Bare-name spellings carry no version; the dependency walk later drops
+    version-less entries at DEBUG, since they are usually names of bundled
+    framework libraries (Wire, SPI) that need no registry install.
     """
-    if not dependencies:
+    if dependencies is None:
         return []
+    if isinstance(dependencies, str):
+        # A plain string is one or more comma-separated names; iterating it
+        # as a list would shred it into one-character "libraries"
+        return [{"name": n.strip()} for n in dependencies.split(",") if n.strip()]
     if isinstance(dependencies, dict):
         normalized = []
         for raw_name, spec in dependencies.items():
-            if "/" in raw_name:
+            if isinstance(raw_name, str) and "/" in raw_name:
                 owner, pkgname = raw_name.split("/", 1)
             else:
                 owner, pkgname = None, raw_name
@@ -477,9 +759,31 @@ def _normalize_dependencies(dependencies: Any) -> list[dict]:
                 entry.update(spec)
             else:
                 entry["version"] = spec
-            normalized.append(entry)
+            if _valid_dependency_entry(entry, manifest_name):
+                normalized.append(entry)
         return normalized
-    return [d for d in dependencies if isinstance(d, dict)]
+    if not isinstance(dependencies, (list, tuple)):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Ignoring unrecognized dependencies %r of %s",
+            dependencies,
+            manifest_name,
+        )
+        return []
+    normalized = []
+    for entry in dependencies:
+        if isinstance(entry, dict):
+            if _valid_dependency_entry(entry, manifest_name):
+                normalized.append(entry)
+        elif isinstance(entry, str) and entry:
+            # PIO also accepts a bare list of names ("dependencies": ["Wire"])
+            normalized.append({"name": entry})
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Ignoring unrecognized dependency entry %r of %s",
+                entry,
+                manifest_name,
+            )
+    return normalized
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -488,36 +792,204 @@ class _LibNode:
 
     key: str
     is_git: bool
+    is_local: bool = False
+    is_registry: bool = False
     owner: str | None = None
     pkgname: str | None = None
     requirements: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
     url: str | None = None
     ref: str | None = None
+    local_path: str | None = None
     edges: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
 
 
+def _url_or_none(value: Any) -> str | None:
+    """Return ``value`` if it parses as a URL (scheme and host), else None."""
+    if not value or not isinstance(value, str):
+        return None
+    try:
+        parsed = urlsplit(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    return value if parsed.scheme and parsed.netloc else None
+
+
 def _node_key(
     name: str | None, version: str | None, repository: str | None
-) -> tuple[str, bool, tuple[str | None, str | None]]:
-    """Return ``(key, is_git, locator)`` for a library or dependency spec.
+) -> tuple[str, str, tuple[str | None, str | None]]:
+    """Return ``(key, kind, locator)`` for a library or dependency spec.
 
-    The key is derived from the *input* spec (the registry name as written, or
-    the git URL path), not the resolved canonical name. So a package referenced
-    inconsistently -- bare ``name`` vs ``owner/name``, or git vs registry -- maps
-    to distinct keys and isn't deduplicated; ``convert_libraries`` warns about
-    that after resolution rather than merging the nodes.
+    ``kind`` is one of:
+
+    - ``"registry"`` -- ``locator`` is ``(owner, pkgname)``.
+    - ``"git"`` -- ``locator`` is ``(url, ref)``.
+    - ``"local"`` -- a ``file://`` directory; ``locator`` is ``(path, None)``.
+
+    The key is derived from the *input* spec (the registry name as written, the
+    git URL path, or the custom name / directory name for a local folder), not
+    the resolved canonical name. So a package referenced inconsistently -- bare
+    ``name`` vs ``owner/name``, or git vs registry -- maps to distinct keys and
+    isn't deduplicated; ``convert_libraries`` warns about that after resolution
+    rather than merging the nodes.
+
+    PlatformIO's Library Manager also accepted a URL in the *name* position
+    (``add_library("https://github.com/x/y", None)``), including the ``git+``
+    VCS prefix and the ``CustomName=URL`` form; recognize those here so such
+    specs resolve as git (or local) sources instead of failing a registry
+    lookup. A plain ``file://`` URL is PlatformIO's spelling for a local library
+    folder, so it resolves as a local directory; ``git+file://`` stays a git
+    source.
     """
+    if not repository and name and "://" in name:
+        # Split a ``CustomName=URL`` name, but only when the whole string isn't
+        # itself a valid URL (a bare URL whose query contains ``=`` must stay
+        # intact).
+        custom_name, candidate = None, name
+        if "=" in name and _url_or_none(name) is None:
+            custom_name, candidate = name.split("=", 1)
+        try:
+            scheme = urlsplit(candidate).scheme
+        except ValueError:
+            scheme = ""
+        if scheme == "file" or _url_or_none(candidate):
+            name, repository = custom_name, candidate
+        else:
+            # Anything with ``://`` was meant to be a URL; failing it fast
+            # beats a confusing registry "package not found" error.
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Invalid PIO library URL: {name}")
     if repository:
-        split_result = urlsplit(repository)
+        is_git_prefixed = repository.startswith("git+")
+        split_result = urlsplit(repository.removeprefix("git+"))
+        if split_result.scheme == "file" and not is_git_prefixed:
+            # A plain file:// URL points at a local library directory. A local
+            # file URL is written file:///absolute/path (empty host) or, less
+            # commonly, file://localhost/path. Anything else -- a real host, or
+            # a relative path whose first segment parses as the host -- is
+            # rejected rather than silently resolved to the wrong directory.
+            if split_result.netloc not in ("", "localhost"):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Unsupported host in file:// library URL '{repository}'; "
+                    "use an absolute path, e.g. file:///path/to/lib"
+                )
+            # Validate the URL path itself (always POSIX-style, leading slash),
+            # not the OS path: on Windows a "/foo" path is not is_absolute()
+            # without a drive, which would wrongly reject a valid file:/// URL.
+            # Reject a relative path (``file:lib_dev``) or a bare root
+            # (``file:///``, which has no final segment).
+            url_path = split_result.path
+            if not url_path.startswith("/") or not PurePosixPath(url_path).name:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"file:// library URL '{repository}' must be an absolute "
+                    "directory path, e.g. file:///path/to/lib"
+                )
+            path = url2pathname(url_path)
+            return (name or PurePosixPath(url_path).name), "local", (path, None)
         key = str(split_result.path).strip("/").removesuffix(".git")
         ref = split_result.fragment.strip() or None
         url = urlunsplit(split_result._replace(fragment=""))
-        return key, True, (url, ref)
+        return key, "git", (url, ref)
     if name and "/" in name:
         owner, pkgname = name.split("/", 1)
     else:
         owner, pkgname = None, name
-    return name, False, (owner, pkgname)
+    return name, "registry", (owner, pkgname)
+
+
+def lib_ignore_set() -> set[str]:
+    """The ``lib_ignore`` names from ``esphome->platformio_options``,
+    normalized to lowercase short names (the part after the ``/``)."""
+    return {
+        name.split("/")[-1].lower()
+        for name in CORE.platformio_options.get("lib_ignore", [])
+    }
+
+
+def is_lib_ignored(name: str | None, lib_ignore: set[str]) -> bool:
+    """Whether ``name`` matches the normalized ``lib_ignore`` set."""
+    return (
+        bool(lib_ignore)
+        and name is not None
+        and (name.split("/")[-1].lower() in lib_ignore)
+    )
+
+
+def _fetch_source(
+    component: ConvertedLibrary,
+    salt: str,
+    namespace: str,
+    tracker: Callable[[int], None],
+) -> None:
+    # Straight to URLSource: only it takes progress, and mutating the
+    # shared component from a worker is the authoritative loop's job
+    component.source.download(
+        component.get_sanitized_name(), salt=salt, namespace=namespace, progress=tracker
+    )
+
+
+def _prefetch_wave(
+    wave: list[tuple[str, ConvertedLibrary]], salt: str, namespace: str
+) -> None:
+    """Best-effort parallel download of a wave's registry archives.
+
+    The walk's own ``download()`` stays authoritative; duplicate URLs
+    prefetch once so two threads never share a cache directory. Archives
+    whose size the registry did not report are left to the sequential
+    loop, whose per-file bars don't interleave. A node a sibling in the
+    same wave supersedes has its archive fetched in vain (knowing better
+    would need the manifests being downloaded).
+    """
+    try:
+        components: list[ConvertedLibrary] = []
+        seen: set[str] = set()
+        for _key, component in wave:
+            source = component.source
+            if not isinstance(source, URLSource) or not source.size:
+                continue
+            if source.url in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(source.url)
+            try:
+                cached = source.is_cached(
+                    component.get_sanitized_name(), salt=salt, namespace=namespace
+                )
+            except OSError as err:
+                # Best-effort, but visibly: a systematic probe failure makes
+                # every warm build re-download every archive
+                _LOGGER.warning("Cache probe for %s failed: %s", component.name, err)
+                cached = False
+            if cached:
+                # A warm build must stay silent
+                continue
+            components.append(component)
+        if not components:
+            return
+        # Single-item waves (a dependency chain discovers one archive per
+        # wave) go through the same runner: one download method, one bar
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Downloading %d library archive(s): %s",
+            len(components),
+            ", ".join(c.name for c in components),
+        )
+        failures = run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading libraries",
+            [
+                (c.name, c.source.size, partial(_fetch_source, c, salt, namespace))
+                for c in components
+            ],
+        )
+        for name, err in failures:
+            # The sequential call below retries and raises the real error
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Prefetch of %s failed (retrying sequentially): %s",
+                name,
+                failure_reason(err),
+            )
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=err)
+    except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        # Same policy as the ESP-IDF twin: the prefetch must never become a
+        # new way for the build to fail
+        _LOGGER.warning("Library prefetch failed: %s", failure_reason(err))
+        _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch failure detail", exc_info=True)
 
 
 def convert_libraries(
@@ -545,10 +1017,7 @@ def convert_libraries(
     """
     nodes: dict[str, _LibNode] = {}
 
-    lib_ignore = {
-        name.split("/")[-1].lower()
-        for name in CORE.platformio_options.get("lib_ignore", [])
-    }
+    lib_ignore = lib_ignore_set()
 
     # The generated build files inside the shared cache bake in the dependency
     # wiring, which lib_ignore changes; salt the cache path so configs with
@@ -560,19 +1029,46 @@ def convert_libraries(
         else ""
     )
 
-    def is_ignored(name: str | None) -> bool:
-        if not lib_ignore or name is None:
-            return False
-        return name.split("/")[-1].lower() in lib_ignore
-
     def add_spec(name: str | None, version: str | None, repository: str | None) -> str:
-        key, is_git, locator = _node_key(name, version, repository)
-        node = nodes.get(key) or _LibNode(key=key, is_git=is_git)
+        key, kind, locator = _node_key(name, version, repository)
+        node = nodes.get(key) or _LibNode(key=key, is_git=kind == "git")
         nodes[key] = node
-        if is_git:
+        # The same key requested from two different kinds of source (or two
+        # different local paths) is a config mistake: one silently wins. Warn so
+        # it isn't a surprise. (git-vs-registry is reported separately below.)
+        if kind == "git":
+            if node.is_local:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Library %s is requested as both a local directory and a git "
+                    "source; using the git source.",
+                    key,
+                )
             node.is_git = True
             node.url, node.ref = locator
+        elif kind == "local":
+            new_path = locator[0]
+            if node.is_git:
+                # git wins (checked first when building the source); leave the
+                # node as a git source.
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Library %s is requested as both a local directory and a git "
+                    "source; using the git source.",
+                    key,
+                )
+            else:
+                if node.is_local and node.local_path != new_path:
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Library %s is requested from two local directories (%s "
+                        "and %s); using %s.",
+                        key,
+                        node.local_path,
+                        new_path,
+                        new_path,
+                    )
+                node.is_local = True
+                node.local_path = new_path
         else:
+            node.is_registry = True
             node.owner, node.pkgname = locator
             if version:
                 node.requirements.add(version)
@@ -581,7 +1077,7 @@ def convert_libraries(
     top_level = [
         add_spec(library.name, library.version, library.repository)
         for library in libraries
-        if not is_ignored(library.name)
+        if not is_lib_ignored(library.name, lib_ignore)
     ]
 
     # Collect + resolve to a fixpoint: a node is (re)resolved whenever its
@@ -592,96 +1088,155 @@ def convert_libraries(
     top_level_keys = set(top_level)
     worklist = deque(dict.fromkeys(top_level))
     while worklist:
-        key = worklist.popleft()
-        node = nodes[key]
+        # Drain the frontier sequentially (spec resolution mutates shared
+        # state), then prefetch the wave in parallel
+        wave: list[tuple[str, ConvertedLibrary]] = []
+        while worklist:
+            key = worklist.popleft()
+            node = nodes[key]
 
-        # A node is queued once per referring edge; skip the (uncached) registry
-        # lookup + download + dependency walk unless its requirement set grew
-        # since the last resolve. Requirements only ever grow, so this still
-        # converges the fixpoint and terminates dependency cycles.
-        requirements = frozenset(node.requirements)
-        if resolved_requirements.get(key) == requirements:
-            continue
-        resolved_requirements[key] = requirements
-
-        if node.is_git:
-            component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", GitSource(node.url, node.ref))
-        else:
-            owner, name, version, url = _resolve_registry_version(
-                node.owner, node.pkgname, node.requirements
-            )
-            component = ConvertedLibrary(
-                _owner_pkgname_to_name(owner, name), version, URLSource(url)
-            )
-        component.download(salt=salt)
-
-        library_json_path = component.path / "library.json"
-        library_properties_path = component.path / "library.properties"
-        if library_json_path.is_file():
-            component.data = _parse_library_json(library_json_path)
-        elif library_properties_path.is_file():
-            component.data = _parse_library_properties(library_properties_path)
-        else:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Invalid PIO library {key}: missing library.json and "
-                "library.properties"
-            )
-
-        try:
-            check_library_data(component.data, backend.platform, backend.framework)
-        except InvalidLibrary as e:
-            # Skip an incompatible transitive dependency, but fail fast if a
-            # top-level library the build explicitly requested is incompatible.
-            if key in top_level_keys:
-                raise RuntimeError(
-                    f"Requested library {key} is not compatible with "
-                    f"{backend.framework}: {e}"
-                ) from e
-            _LOGGER.debug("Skip incompatible dependency %s: %s", key, str(e))
-            continue
-        components[key] = component
-
-        # Requirements changed (we got past the short-circuit above), so
-        # (re)walk this component's dependencies.
-        node.edges = set()
-        for dependency in _normalize_dependencies(component.data.get("dependencies")):
-            if "name" not in dependency or "version" not in dependency:
+            # Re-resolve only when the requirement set grew; requirements
+            # only ever grow, so the fixpoint converges and cycles terminate
+            requirements = frozenset(node.requirements)
+            if resolved_requirements.get(key) == requirements:
                 continue
+            resolved_requirements[key] = requirements
+
+            if node.is_git:
+                component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", GitSource(node.url, node.ref))
+            elif node.is_local:
+                component = ConvertedLibrary(key, "*", LocalSource(node.local_path))
+            else:
+                owner, name, version, url, size = _resolve_registry_version(
+                    node.owner, node.pkgname, node.requirements
+                )
+                component = ConvertedLibrary(
+                    _owner_pkgname_to_name(owner, name), version, URLSource(url, size)
+                )
+            wave.append((key, component))
+        _prefetch_wave(wave, salt, backend.cache_key)
+        for key, component in wave:
+            node = nodes[key]
+            if frozenset(node.requirements) != resolved_requirements[key]:
+                # Requirements grew mid-wave: skip parsing a manifest the
+                # next wave will re-resolve and replace
+                worklist.append(key)
+                continue
+            component.download(salt=salt, namespace=backend.cache_key)
+
+            source_dir = component.source_dir
+            library_json_path = source_dir / "library.json"
+            library_properties_path = source_dir / "library.properties"
+            has_json = library_json_path.is_file()
+            has_properties = library_properties_path.is_file()
+            if not has_json and not has_properties and not node.is_local:
+                # An interrupted clone/extraction self-heals with one forced
+                # re-download; a local source has nothing to re-download
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Library %s at %s is missing library.json and library.properties; "
+                    "re-downloading",
+                    key,
+                    source_dir,
+                )
+                component.download(force=True, salt=salt, namespace=backend.cache_key)
+                has_json = library_json_path.is_file()
+                has_properties = library_properties_path.is_file()
+            if has_json:
+                component.data = parse_library_json(library_json_path)
+            elif has_properties:
+                component.data = parse_library_properties(library_properties_path)
+            else:
+                # Local sources are user input (EsphomeError); a registry/git
+                # miss means a corrupt cache (RuntimeError)
+                error_cls = EsphomeError if node.is_local else RuntimeError
+                raise error_cls(
+                    f"Invalid PIO library {key}: missing library.json and "
+                    f"library.properties in {source_dir}"
+                )
+
+            if not _valid_manifest_shape(component.data):
+                # Fail fast only for a library the user asked for; a defect
+                # in an unrequested corner of the graph must not block the
+                # build
+                if key in top_level_keys:
+                    raise EsphomeError(f"Library {key} has a malformed manifest")
+                _LOGGER.warning("Skipping dependency %s: malformed manifest", key)
+                continue
+            warn_properties_depends(component.name, component.data)
+
             try:
-                check_library_data(dependency, backend.platform, backend.framework)
+                check_library_data(component.data, backend.platform, backend.framework)
             except InvalidLibrary as e:
-                _LOGGER.debug("Skip dependency %s: %s", dependency.get("name"), str(e))
+                # An explicitly requested library fails fast; the routine
+                # cross-platform skip stays at debug, other causes warn
+                if key in top_level_keys:
+                    reason = (
+                        f"is not compatible with {backend.framework}"
+                        if isinstance(e, IncompatiblePlatform)
+                        else "has a malformed manifest"
+                    )
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"Requested library {key} {reason}: {e}") from e
+                if isinstance(e, IncompatiblePlatform):
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Skip incompatible dependency %s: %s", key, str(e))
+                else:
+                    _LOGGER.warning("Skipping dependency %s: %s", key, str(e))
                 continue
-            dep_name = _owner_pkgname_to_name(
-                dependency.get("owner"), dependency.get("name")
-            )
-            if is_ignored(dep_name):
-                _LOGGER.debug("Skip ignored dependency %s", dep_name)
-                continue
-            # The version field may actually be a URL (git/archive dependency).
-            dep_version = dependency["version"]
-            dep_url = None
-            try:
-                parsed = urlparse(dep_version)
-                if all([parsed.scheme, parsed.netloc]):
-                    dep_url, dep_version = dep_version, None
-            except (TypeError, ValueError):
-                pass
-            dep_key = add_spec(dep_name, dep_version, dep_url)
-            node.edges.add(dep_key)
-            worklist.append(dep_key)
+            components[key] = component
 
-    # A git source wins over any registry version requested for the same
-    # component. That's intentional, but warn so a dropped registry pin isn't a
-    # silent surprise.
+            # Requirements changed (we got past the short-circuit above), so
+            # (re)walk this component's dependencies.
+            node.edges = set()
+            for dependency in normalize_dependencies(
+                component.data.get("dependencies"), component.name
+            ):
+                if "version" not in dependency:
+                    # Cannot resolve from the registry; common for bundled
+                    # names (Wire, SPI) -- unactionable noise above debug
+                    _LOGGER.debug(
+                        "Skip version-less dependency %r of %s",
+                        dependency.get("name"),
+                        component.name,
+                    )
+                    continue
+                if not dependency_is_usable(
+                    dependency, backend.platform, backend.framework, component.name
+                ):
+                    continue
+                dep_name = _owner_pkgname_to_name(
+                    dependency.get("owner"), dependency.get("name")
+                )
+                if is_lib_ignored(dep_name, lib_ignore):
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Skip ignored dependency %s", dep_name)
+                    continue
+                # The version field may actually be a URL (git/archive dependency).
+                dep_version = dependency["version"]
+                dep_url = _url_or_none(dep_version)
+                if dep_url is not None:
+                    dep_version = None
+                dep_key = add_spec(dep_name, dep_version, dep_url)
+                node.edges.add(dep_key)
+                worklist.append(dep_key)
+
+    # A git or local source wins over the same component requested from the
+    # registry. That's intentional, but warn so the dropped registry spec isn't
+    # a silent surprise -- including when it carried no version pin (a bare
+    # cg.add_library("Foo"), which is how most components add libraries).
     for node in nodes.values():
-        if node.is_git and node.requirements:
+        if (node.is_git or node.is_local) and (node.is_registry or node.requirements):
+            source = "git" if node.is_git else "local"
+            registry = (
+                f"registry version(s) {sorted(node.requirements)}"
+                if node.requirements
+                else "a registry package"
+            )
             _LOGGER.warning(
-                "Library %s is requested both from a git source (%s) and as "
-                "registry version(s) %s; using the git source.",
+                "Library %s is requested both from a %s source (%s) and as %s; "
+                "using the %s source.",
                 node.key,
-                node.url,
-                sorted(node.requirements),
+                source,
+                node.url if node.is_git else node.local_path,
+                registry,
+                source,
             )
 
     # Two graph nodes that resolve to the same component name (e.g. a package
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/registry.py b/esphome/platformio/registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9538a28ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/platformio/registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+"""Install packages from the PlatformIO registry without importing the
+platformio package (identical bits, esphome's own download machinery)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection
+from functools import cache, partial
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import platform
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import (
+    archive_extract_all,
+    download_from_mirrors,
+    download_with_resume,
+    rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
+)
+from esphome.net_retry import fetch_with_retry, http_request
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_REGISTRY_URL = (
+    "https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/platformio/tool/{package}"
+)
+
+
+def get_systype() -> str:
+    """The registry system tag for the current host.
+
+    Transliterates ``platformio.util.get_systype()`` (same
+    ``PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE`` override). Deviation: windows-arm64 maps to
+    ``windows_amd64`` (no arm64 toolchains; x86 emulation).
+    """
+    if systype := os.environ.get("PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE"):
+        return systype
+    system = platform.system().lower()
+    arch = platform.machine().lower()
+    if system == "windows":
+        if not arch:  # same fallback as upstream (platformio issue #4353)
+            arch = "x86_" + platform.architecture()[0]
+        if "x86" in arch:
+            arch = "amd64" if "64" in arch else "x86"
+        elif arch == "arm64":
+            arch = "amd64"
+    if arch == "aarch64" and platform.architecture()[0] == "32bit":
+        # 64-bit kernel with a 32-bit userland (e.g. 32-bit Raspberry Pi OS)
+        arch = "armv7l"
+    return f"{system}_{arch}" if arch else system
+
+
+@cache
+def registry_download(package: str, version: str) -> tuple[str, str, int | None]:
+    """Resolve a package's download URL, sha256, and size via the registry.
+
+    The metadata fetch goes through ``http_request``/``fetch_with_retry``
+    (the consolidated HTTP path) so it shares the Happy Eyeballs patch and
+    transient-retry policy of every other small fetch. Cached per process
+    so the prefetch and the install resolve each package once (failures
+    are not cached; the install retries them).
+    """
+    url = _REGISTRY_URL.format(package=package)
+
+    def _fetch() -> str:
+        resp = http_request("GET", url, timeout=30)
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.text
+
+    import requests
+
+    try:
+        body = fetch_with_retry(url, _fetch, what="Registry lookup")
+    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Could not fetch registry metadata for {package}: {err}"
+        ) from err
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(body)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"The package registry returned invalid JSON for {package}: {err}"
+        ) from err
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(data)[:200]}"
+        )
+    systype = get_systype()
+    versions = data.get("versions")
+    if not isinstance(versions, list):
+        # A schema change or an error/captive-portal payload must not be
+        # reported as "version not found"
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(data)[:200]}"
+        )
+    for ver in versions:
+        if not isinstance(ver, dict):
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(data)[:200]}"
+            )
+        if ver.get("name") != version:
+            continue
+        files = ver.get("files")
+        if not isinstance(files, list):
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: {str(ver)[:200]}"
+            )
+        for file in files:
+            if not isinstance(file, dict):
+                raise EsphomeError(
+                    f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: "
+                    f"{str(ver)[:200]}"
+                )
+            # Only a missing key means "any system"; an empty list must not
+            # match, and a bare string would make ``in`` a substring test.
+            systems = file.get("system")
+            if systems is None:
+                systems = ["*"]
+            elif isinstance(systems, str):
+                systems = [systems]
+            elif not isinstance(systems, list):
+                # An int would make ``in`` a TypeError and a dict a key test
+                raise EsphomeError(
+                    f"Unexpected package registry response for {package}: "
+                    f"{str(file)[:200]}"
+                )
+            if "*" in systems or systype in systems:
+                sha256 = (file.get("checksum") or {}).get("sha256")
+                if not sha256:
+                    # Never extract an unverified archive; the registry
+                    # publishes a checksum for every package file.
+                    raise EsphomeError(
+                        f"The package registry returned no sha256 for "
+                        f"{package} {version}; refusing the unverified download"
+                    )
+                url = file.get("download_url")
+                if not url:
+                    raise EsphomeError(
+                        f"The package registry returned no download URL for "
+                        f"{package} {version}"
+                    )
+                return (url, sha256, file.get("size"))
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"No {package} {version} build for this platform ({systype})"
+        )
+    raise EsphomeError(f"{package} {version} not found in the package registry")
+
+
+def _check_layout(name: str, dest: Path, expect: Collection[str]) -> None:
+    """Raise when an install tree is missing an expected directory (runs on
+    fresh extracts and on marker hits)."""
+    for rel in expect:
+        if not (dest / rel).is_dir():
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"{name} at {dest} is missing the expected {rel} "
+                "directory; run 'esphome clean-all' and retry"
+            )
+
+
+class _PendingArchive(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    version: str
+    dest: Path
+    url: str
+    sha256: str
+    size: int
+
+
+def _already_installed(dest: Path) -> bool:
+    """Whether ``dest`` holds a completed install (extraction marker)."""
+    return (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file()
+
+
+def prefetch_packages(
+    packages: list[tuple[str, str, Path, list[str]]], downloads_dir: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Download pending package archives in parallel under one combined bar.
+
+    ``packages`` holds ``(name, version, dest, mirrors)`` per package. Purely
+    an optimization: ``install_package`` verifies every archive and
+    re-downloads anything this pass left unfinished. Mirror overrides and
+    registry entries without a size stay on the sequential path so its
+    per-file bars remain trustworthy. Each fetch holds the same per-dest
+    lock as ``install_package``: the archive's ``.part`` file is shared, and
+    two concurrent writers would truncate each other's bytes.
+    """
+    from filelock import FileLock
+
+    pending: list[_PendingArchive] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for name, version, dest, mirrors in packages:
+        if mirrors or (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file():
+            continue
+        archive_name = f"{name}-{version}"
+        if archive_name in seen:
+            # A duplicate entry would race itself between two workers
+            continue
+        seen.add(archive_name)
+        try:
+            url, sha256, size = registry_download(name, version)
+        except EsphomeError as err:
+            # The sequential install reports the real failure with context
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch resolve for %s failed: %s", name, err)
+            continue
+        if not size:
+            continue
+        archive = downloads_dir / archive_name
+        if archive.is_file() and archive.stat().st_size == size:
+            continue
+        pending.append(_PendingArchive(name, version, dest, url, sha256, size))
+    if len(pending) < 2:
+        return
+    downloads_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Downloading %d package archive(s): %s",
+        len(pending),
+        ", ".join(entry.name for entry in pending),
+    )
+
+    def _fetch(entry: _PendingArchive, tracker: Callable[[int], None]) -> None:
+        entry.dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        with FileLock(f"{entry.dest}.lock", fallback_to_soft=False):
+            # Marker re-check: a concurrent build may have installed (and
+            # deleted the archive of) this package while we waited;
+            # re-downloading would orphan a fresh copy in downloads_dir
+            # no branch: the thread tracer misses the skip edge; both
+            # arms of _already_installed are pinned directly
+            if not _already_installed(entry.dest):  # pragma: no branch
+                download_with_resume(
+                    entry.url,
+                    downloads_dir / f"{entry.name}-{entry.version}",
+                    sha256=entry.sha256,
+                    size=entry.size,
+                    progress=tracker,
+                )
+
+    failures = run_batch_downloads(
+        "Downloading packages",
+        [(entry.name, entry.size, partial(_fetch, entry)) for entry in pending],
+    )
+    for name, err in failures:
+        if isinstance(err, (EsphomeError, OSError)):
+            # Expected download failures: install_package retries this one
+            # itself, with a visible bar
+            _LOGGER.debug("Prefetch of %s failed: %s", name, err)
+        else:
+            # Anything else is a programming error that would otherwise
+            # become a permanent silent no-op
+            _LOGGER.warning("Prefetch of %s failed: %r", name, err, exc_info=err)
+
+
+def install_package(
+    name: str,
+    version: str,
+    dest: Path,
+    mirrors: list[str],
+    downloads_dir: Path,
+    expect: Collection[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Download, verify, and extract one package if not already installed.
+
+    The registry path is integrity-checked against the sha256 the registry
+    publishes; a mirror override (URL templates with ``{VERSION}``/``{SYSTEM}``
+    substitution) is trusted as configured. ``downloads_dir`` holds the
+    archive between runs so an interrupted download resumes.
+    """
+    if not expect:
+        # Layout validation before marker.touch() is the only guard against
+        # caching a truncated mirror archive as a good install
+        raise ValueError("install_package requires a non-empty expect")
+    marker = dest / ".esphome_extracted"
+    if marker.is_file():
+        _check_layout(name, dest, expect)
+        return
+    from filelock import FileLock
+
+    # Serialize concurrent cold builds (same filelock pattern as git.py).
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # A soft-lock fallback would turn a hard-killed run into a permanent
+    # hang (see git.py).
+    with FileLock(f"{dest}.lock", fallback_to_soft=False):
+        if marker.is_file():
+            # Another process finished the install while we waited
+            return
+        rmdir(dest, msg=f"Clean up incomplete {name} install")
+        # Persistent location so an interrupted download resumes across runs.
+        downloads_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        archive = downloads_dir / f"{name}-{version}"
+        _LOGGER.info("Downloading %s %s ...", name, version)
+        if mirrors:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Downloading %s from a mirror override; checksum verification "
+                "is skipped for mirrors",
+                name,
+            )
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                mirrors, {"VERSION": version, "SYSTEM": get_systype()}, archive
+            )
+        else:
+            url, sha256, size = registry_download(name, version)
+            download_with_resume(url, archive, sha256=sha256, size=size)
+        _LOGGER.info("Extracting %s ...", name)
+        archive_extract_all(archive, dest, progress_header="Extracting")
+        # Validate the layout before recording success, so an unexpected
+        # package is never cached as a working install.
+        _check_layout(name, dest, expect)
+        marker.touch()
+        archive.unlink(missing_ok=True)
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/runner.py b/esphome/platformio/runner.py
index c49220a044..9bb2205a90 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/runner.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio/runner.py
@@ -179,12 +179,24 @@ def main() -> int:
     is_verbose = any(arg in ("-v", "--verbose") for arg in sys.argv[1:])
     filter_lines = None if is_verbose else FILTER_PLATFORMIO_LINES
 
-    sys.stdout = RedirectText(sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines)
-    sys.stderr = RedirectText(sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    stdout_redirect = sys.stdout = RedirectText(sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    stderr_redirect = sys.stderr = RedirectText(sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines)
 
     import platformio.__main__
 
-    return platformio.__main__.main() or 0
+    # PlatformIO exits through ``sys.exit``, so drain from a finally to give
+    # a last line without a terminator a chance to reach the user. Drain the
+    # wrappers we made rather than sys.stdout, which PlatformIO is free to
+    # replace while it runs.
+    try:
+        return platformio.__main__.main() or 0
+    finally:
+        # Drain stderr from a finally so a surprise from the first one cannot
+        # strand the second.
+        try:
+            stdout_redirect.drain()
+        finally:
+            stderr_redirect.drain()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py b/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py
index c97df812e3..cf2094dfe0 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio/toolchain.py
@@ -1,50 +1,299 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 import json
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
+import platformdirs
+
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import resolve_ccache_path
 from esphome.const import CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT, CONF_ESPHOME, KEY_CORE
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
-from esphome.helpers import add_git_ceiling_directory
-from esphome.util import FlashImage, run_external_process
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    add_git_ceiling_directory,
+    copy_file_if_changed,
+    rmtree,
+    write_file,
+)
+from esphome.util import ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, FlashImage, run_external_process
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from platformio.project.config import ProjectConfig
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# PlatformIO cache subdirs resolved via ProjectConfig. A full ``clean-all`` wipes
+# these plus the whole ``core_dir``; a Python-version heal wipes these plus the
+# penv while keeping ``core_dir`` (so the sibling stamp/lock survive).
+_PIO_CACHE_DIRS = ("cache_dir", "packages_dir", "platforms_dir")
 
-def _strip_win_long_path_prefix(path: str) -> str:
-    r"""Strip the Windows extended-length path prefix from ``path``.
+# Marker recording the Python major.minor the PlatformIO cache was provisioned
+# under, plus the lock guarding the check/wipe. Both live in the dir resolved
+# by ``_pio_stamp_dir`` (NOT wiped by the heal), so they survive the wipe and
+# are rewritten after it.
+_PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE = ".esphome.pio.stamp.json"
+_PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_LOCK = ".esphome.pio.stamp.lock"
+_PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_SCHEMA = "0"
 
-    Handles both forms documented at
-    https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file:
 
-    * ``\\?\C:\path\to\file`` -> ``C:\path\to\file``
-    * ``\\?\UNC\server\share\path`` -> ``\\server\share\path``
+def get_platformio_config() -> "ProjectConfig | None":
+    """Return PlatformIO's ``ProjectConfig``, or None when PlatformIO is absent."""
+    try:
+        from platformio.project.config import ProjectConfig
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+    return ProjectConfig.get_instance()
 
-    The NSIS-installed ``esphome.exe`` launcher on Windows starts Python with
-    ``sys.executable`` already prefixed with ``\\?\``. That prefix propagates
-    into PlatformIO's ``$PYTHONEXE`` (PlatformIO reads ``PYTHONEXEPATH`` from
-    the environment, falling back to ``os.path.normpath(sys.executable)``)
-    and ends up baked into SCons-emitted command lines for build steps such
-    as the esp8266 ``elf2bin`` invocation. ``cmd.exe`` does not understand
-    the ``\\?\`` prefix, so the build fails with
-    "The system cannot find the path specified." Stripping the prefix early
-    keeps the path shell-quotable.
 
-    No-op on non-Windows platforms.
+def _pio_stamp_dir(config: "ProjectConfig") -> Path:
+    """Return the persistent home for the python-version stamp and lock.
+
+    The parent of ``platforms_dir``, not ``core_dir``: the container/add-on
+    images relocate the platform/package caches to a persistent volume while
+    ``core_dir`` stays at the ephemeral default (its ``appstate.json`` must not
+    move), so a stamp under ``core_dir`` would be wiped on every image update
+    while the stale cache it guards survives. Everywhere else ``platforms_dir``
+    sits inside ``core_dir`` and this resolves to ``core_dir``.
     """
-    if sys.platform != "win32":
-        return path
-    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\UNC\\"):
-        # \\?\UNC\server\share\... -> \\server\share\...
-        return "\\\\" + path[len("\\\\?\\UNC\\") :]
-    if path.startswith("\\\\?\\"):
-        return path[len("\\\\?\\") :]
-    return path
+    return Path(config.get("platformio", "platforms_dir")).parent
+
+
+def _delete_platformio_dirs(config: "ProjectConfig", pio_dirs: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+    """Delete each named PlatformIO dir resolved from *config*."""
+    for pio_dir in pio_dirs:
+        path = Path(config.get("platformio", pio_dir))
+        if path.is_dir():
+            _LOGGER.info("Deleting PlatformIO %s %s", pio_dir, path)
+            rmtree(path)
+
+
+def clean_platformio_cache() -> None:
+    """Wipe the whole PlatformIO cache (cache/packages/platforms/core).
+
+    The full set ``clean-all`` (Reset Build Environment) clears. No-op when
+    PlatformIO is unavailable.
+    """
+    config = get_platformio_config()
+    if config is None:
+        return
+    _delete_platformio_dirs(config, [*_PIO_CACHE_DIRS, "core_dir"])
+
+
+def _clean_platformio_python_env(config: "ProjectConfig", core_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Wipe the cache subdirs + penv for a Python-version change.
+
+    Keeps ``core_dir`` itself (and the stamp/lock siblings under it); otherwise
+    the same cache set ``clean-all`` clears.
+    """
+    _delete_platformio_dirs(config, _PIO_CACHE_DIRS)
+    penv = core_dir / "penv"
+    if penv.is_dir():
+        _LOGGER.info("Deleting PlatformIO penv %s", penv)
+        rmtree(penv)
+
+
+def _current_python_minor() -> str:
+    """Return the running interpreter's ``major.minor`` (e.g. ``3.13``)."""
+    return f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}"
+
+
+def _read_pio_stamp_python(stamp_file: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Return the ``python_version`` recorded in *stamp_file*, or None."""
+    try:
+        with stamp_file.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return None
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as err:
+        # A present-but-unreadable stamp is a distinct signal from an absent
+        # one, and it drives a cache clean; surface why at normal verbosity.
+        _LOGGER.warning("Could not read %s: %s", stamp_file, err)
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        return None
+    version = data.get("python_version")
+    return version if isinstance(version, str) else None
+
+
+def _write_pio_stamp_python(stamp_file: Path, python_version: str) -> None:
+    """Atomically write the PlatformIO python-version stamp."""
+    write_file(
+        stamp_file,
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "schema_version": _PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_SCHEMA,
+                "python_version": python_version,
+            }
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def heal_platformio_python_env() -> None:
+    """Wipe the PlatformIO cache unless it is stamped for the running Python.
+
+    A PlatformIO platform/tool package pins the Python versions it accepts when
+    it is provisioned, and ESPHome pins platforms to exact, immutable versions,
+    so a later interpreter bump (a container upgrading its base Python) leaves
+    the cached platform rejecting the new interpreter ("Python version must be
+    between ...") until the cache is wiped. A stamp records the ``major.minor``
+    the cache was provisioned for; when it doesn't match the running
+    interpreter (or has never been written for an existing cache), the same
+    PlatformIO dirs ``clean-all`` wipes are cleaned so PlatformIO
+    re-provisions, matching Reset Build Environment automatically. The native
+    ESP-IDF toolchain already self-heals through its own stamp; this covers the
+    PlatformIO path. No-op when PlatformIO is unavailable.
+    """
+    config = get_platformio_config()
+    if config is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        _check_platformio_python_stamp(config)
+    except (EsphomeError, OSError) as err:
+        # The check is a best-effort repair; a full or read-only cache volume
+        # must not abort a build that might otherwise work. The stamp write
+        # surfaces as EsphomeError (write_file wraps OSError).
+        _LOGGER.warning("PlatformIO build environment check failed: %s", err)
+
+
+def _check_platformio_python_stamp(config: "ProjectConfig") -> None:
+    """Compare the stamp to the running interpreter; wipe and restamp on mismatch."""
+    current = _current_python_minor()
+    stamp_dir = _pio_stamp_dir(config)
+    # Host the stamp/lock even before PlatformIO's first run creates the dir.
+    stamp_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    stamp_file = stamp_dir / _PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE
+
+    from filelock import FileLock
+
+    with FileLock(str(stamp_dir / _PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_LOCK)):
+        provisioned = _read_pio_stamp_python(stamp_file)
+        if provisioned == current:
+            return
+        core_dir = Path(config.get("platformio", "core_dir"))
+        has_cache = (
+            any(
+                Path(config.get("platformio", pio_dir)).is_dir()
+                for pio_dir in _PIO_CACHE_DIRS
+            )
+            or (core_dir / "penv").is_dir()
+        )
+        if has_cache:
+            if provisioned is None:
+                # An existing cache with no stamp predates the stamp: its
+                # provisioning interpreter is unknown, so clean once rather
+                # than leave a possibly-stale cache failing every build.
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Cleaning the PlatformIO build environment once so it "
+                    "re-provisions for Python %s",
+                    current,
+                )
+            else:
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Python version changed (%s -> %s); cleaning PlatformIO "
+                    "build environment so it re-provisions for the new "
+                    "interpreter",
+                    provisioned,
+                    current,
+                )
+            _clean_platformio_python_env(config, core_dir)
+        _write_pio_stamp_python(stamp_file, current)
+
+
+def _ccache_env() -> dict[str, str]:
+    r"""Return ccache settings for PlatformIO builds.
+
+    Enabled by default whenever the ``ccache`` binary is on PATH; set
+    ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0`` in the environment to opt out (or ``1`` to
+    force it on without the runnability probe; a binary is still needed).
+    The decision is normalized into ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE`` and the
+    binary's location into ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH`` so platform build scripts
+    (the shared ``ccache.py`` extra script, which wraps compiler invocations
+    inside SCons) only have to check for ``"1"`` and use the path as given
+    instead of re-implementing the policy.
+
+    The path is exported rather than looked up again inside SCons because
+    ``shutil.which`` can return a Windows extended-length ``\\?\`` path
+    (ESPHome Desktop puts its bundled ccache on PATH that way). Such a path
+    runs fine through ``CreateProcess``, which is how ESP-IDF invokes it,
+    but SCons runs every compile through ``cmd.exe``, which fails on it with
+    "The system cannot find the path specified." (#18399), so the prefix is
+    stripped here with ``strip_win_long_path_prefix()`` before the
+    runnability probe, which therefore validates the exact string the build
+    will execute.
+    ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH`` is an internal channel, not a user setting: the
+    script only honours it together with ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1``, and this
+    function always sets both or neither.
+
+    The returned values are merged into the environment of the PlatformIO
+    subprocess only, never into ``os.environ``: a long-running process
+    (e.g. the dashboard) also runs ESP-IDF builds, whose own ccache setup
+    skips defaults for ``CCACHE_*`` keys it finds already set, so leaking
+    these values would hand it the wrong cache dir and a stale basedir.
+
+    This mirrors ``_ccache_env()`` in ``esphome/espidf/framework.py``. The
+    cache lives under the machine-global ESPHome cache dir, so it is shared
+    across all projects and removed by ``esphome clean-all``. Unlike the
+    ESP-IDF path, ``CCACHE_DEPEND`` is not set: SCons compiles don't emit
+    the depfiles depend mode needs, so ccache's default preprocessor mode
+    is used.
+
+    ``CCACHE_BASEDIR`` rewrites the per-device absolute paths (the generated
+    sources under src/, the .pioenvs build dir) so different devices with
+    identical source share cache entries; it is always set to the current
+    build dir. The other ``CCACHE_*`` values the user already set in the
+    environment are respected.
+    """
+    ccache_path = resolve_ccache_path()
+    if ccache_path is None:
+        return {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    env = {
+        "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1",
+        "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH": ccache_path,
+    }
+    # build_path is set during preload for every config-loading command, so it
+    # being unset means a caller built the environment too early; fail loudly
+    # rather than with an opaque TypeError from Path(None).
+    if CORE.build_path is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "CORE.build_path must be set before constructing the PlatformIO "
+            "build environment"
+        )
+    env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] = str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve())
+    defaults = {
+        "CCACHE_DIR": str(
+            Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False))
+            / "platformio-ccache"
+        ),
+        "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "true",
+    }
+    env.update({k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k not in os.environ})
+    return env
+
+
+def copy_ccache_script() -> None:
+    """Copy the shared ccache SCons pre-script into the build dir.
+
+    Platform components call this from their ``copy_files()`` and add
+    ``pre:ccache.py`` to their ``extra_scripts``. The script wraps compiler
+    invocations inside SCons with ccache; it is platform-agnostic, so it
+    lives here next to ``_ccache_env()`` rather than being duplicated per
+    component.
+    """
+    copy_file_if_changed(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "ccache.py.script",
+        CORE.relative_build_path("ccache.py"),
+    )
 
 
 def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
+    # Re-provision the PlatformIO cache if the interpreter's major.minor changed
+    # since it was last built; a stale platform otherwise rejects the new Python
+    # with "Python version must be between ..." until Reset Build Environment.
+    heal_platformio_python_env()
     os.environ["PLATFORMIO_FORCE_COLOR"] = "true"
     os.environ["PLATFORMIO_BUILD_DIR"] = str(CORE.relative_pioenvs_path().absolute())
     os.environ.setdefault(
@@ -61,7 +310,7 @@ def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
     # Strip the Windows extended-length path prefix from sys.executable so it
     # doesn't propagate into PlatformIO's $PYTHONEXE and break SCons-emitted
     # command lines run through cmd.exe.
-    python_exe = _strip_win_long_path_prefix(sys.executable)
+    python_exe = strip_win_long_path_prefix(sys.executable)
     if python_exe != sys.executable:
         # Only override PYTHONEXEPATH when we actually stripped a prefix.
         # PlatformIO's get_pythonexe_path() reads this and falls back to
@@ -71,7 +320,21 @@ def run_platformio_cli(*args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
         os.environ["PYTHONEXEPATH"] = python_exe
     cmd = [python_exe, "-m", "esphome.platformio.runner"] + list(args)
 
-    return run_external_process(*cmd, **kwargs)
+    # ccache settings go into the subprocess environment only (see
+    # _ccache_env() for why they must not leak into os.environ). A caller
+    # supplied env is used as the base when present.
+    base_env = kwargs.pop("env", None)
+    env = dict(os.environ if base_env is None else base_env)
+    env.update(_ccache_env())
+    # The runner offers the out-of-flash tip but has no configured CORE, so
+    # tell it. Ask CORE, not is_esp32_arduino_build(), which reads this same
+    # variable; clear an inherited one so it cannot reach the wrong build.
+    if CORE.is_configured and CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino:
+        env[ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV] = "1"
+    else:
+        env.pop(ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, None)
+
+    return run_external_process(*cmd, env=env, **kwargs)
 
 
 def run_platformio_cli_run(config, verbose, *args, **kwargs) -> str | int:
@@ -92,18 +355,24 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose):
 def _run_idedata(config):
     args = ["-t", "idedata"]
     stdout = run_platformio_cli_run(config, False, *args, capture_stdout=True)
+    if not isinstance(stdout, str):
+        # run_external_process returns 1 instead of captured output when
+        # launching platformio raised; see the error it logged above.
+        raise EsphomeError("Could not launch platformio to get idedata")
     match = re.search(r'{\s*".*}', stdout)
     if match is None:
-        _LOGGER.error("Could not match idedata, please report this error")
+        # A run that launches but fails emits its build error instead of
+        # idedata; the logged stdout is the useful part, not a bug report.
+        _LOGGER.error("Could not find idedata in the platformio output")
         _LOGGER.error("Stdout: %s", stdout)
-        raise EsphomeError
+        raise EsphomeError("PlatformIO did not report idedata")
 
     try:
         return json.loads(match.group())
-    except ValueError:
+    except ValueError as err:
         _LOGGER.exception("Could not parse idedata")
         _LOGGER.error("Stdout: %s", stdout)
-        raise
+        raise EsphomeError("Could not parse idedata from platformio") from err
 
 
 def _load_idedata(config):
@@ -147,9 +416,27 @@ class IDEData:
     def __init__(self, raw):
         self.raw = raw
 
+    def _require(self, *keys: str) -> Any:
+        """Read a nested key, classifying a miss as an environment error.
+
+        A stale or truncated cached idedata JSON is the user's build
+        tree, not a bug; recompiling regenerates it. The message names
+        the key so a platformio schema change stays diagnosable.
+        """
+        value = self.raw
+        # TypeError covers a key that is null instead of absent.
+        try:
+            for key in keys:
+                value = value[key]
+        except (KeyError, TypeError) as err:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Cached idedata is incomplete (missing {'.'.join(keys)})"
+            ) from err
+        return value
+
     @property
     def firmware_elf_path(self) -> Path:
-        return Path(self.raw["prog_path"])
+        return Path(self._require("prog_path"))
 
     @property
     def firmware_bin_path(self) -> Path:
@@ -157,15 +444,22 @@ class IDEData:
 
     @property
     def extra_flash_images(self) -> list[FlashImage]:
-        return [
-            FlashImage(path=Path(entry["path"]), offset=entry["offset"])
-            for entry in self.raw["extra"]["flash_images"]
-        ]
+        try:
+            return [
+                FlashImage(path=Path(entry["path"]), offset=entry["offset"])
+                for entry in self._require("extra", "flash_images")
+            ]
+        except (KeyError, TypeError) as err:
+            # Covers entries missing path/offset and a null or non-list
+            # flash_images value alike.
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                "Cached idedata is incomplete (malformed extra.flash_images)"
+            ) from err
 
     @property
     def cc_path(self) -> str:
         # For example /Users/<USER>/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc
-        return self.raw["cc_path"]
+        return self._require("cc_path")
 
     @property
     def addr2line_path(self) -> str:
diff --git a/esphome/preferences.py b/esphome/preferences.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fce8519130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/preferences.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Helpers for letting a component choose where a preference is persisted.
+
+Preferences can be stored either in flash (durable across power loss) or in RTC
+memory (fast, survives deep sleep and soft resets but not power loss). The
+flash-vs-RTC choice is only meaningful on platforms whose preferences backend
+honors the ``in_flash`` flag — currently ESP32 and ESP8266. On other platforms
+the value is accepted only as ``flash`` (the sole supported backend).
+
+Components include :func:`storage_schema` in their config and convert the chosen
+value with :func:`is_in_flash` when calling ``make_preference``.
+"""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_STORAGE
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+STORAGE_FLASH = "flash"
+STORAGE_RTC = "rtc"
+
+
+def _rtc_supported() -> bool:
+    """Whether the active platform has an RTC-backed preferences backend.
+
+    Mirrors the C++ ``SOC_RTC_MEM_SUPPORTED`` guard in the ESP32 backend: the ESP32-C2
+    and -C61 have no RTC memory at all, so RTC storage is unavailable there.
+    """
+    if CORE.is_esp8266:
+        return True
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
+        from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32C2, VARIANT_ESP32C61
+
+        return get_esp32_variant() not in (VARIANT_ESP32C2, VARIANT_ESP32C61)
+    return False
+
+
+def _default_storage() -> str:
+    """Default that preserves each platform's historic behavior.
+
+    ESP8266 has always stored these preferences in RTC memory; every other
+    platform effectively used flash. Evaluated at validation time.
+    """
+    return STORAGE_RTC if CORE.is_esp8266 else STORAGE_FLASH
+
+
+def _validate_storage(value):
+    value = cv.one_of(STORAGE_FLASH, STORAGE_RTC, lower=True)(value)
+    if value == STORAGE_RTC and not _rtc_supported():
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{STORAGE_RTC}' storage is not supported on this platform; only "
+            f"'{STORAGE_FLASH}' is available"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def storage_schema():
+    """Return an Optional(CONF_STORAGE) entry for merging into a component schema."""
+    return {cv.Optional(CONF_STORAGE, default=_default_storage): _validate_storage}
+
+
+def request_rtc_storage() -> None:
+    """Compile the RTC-backed storage into the ESP32 preferences backend.
+
+    The RTC storage region is left out of ESP32 builds unless something asks for
+    it, so unused builds don't reserve RTC memory. Call this from ``to_code``
+    when a config option selects RTC storage. No-op on other platforms (ESP8266
+    always has its RTC backend).
+    """
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES")
+
+
+def validate_rtc_storage(value):
+    """Validate a boolean option that requests RTC-backed preference storage.
+
+    ``false`` means "no request", not "disable": it never turns RTC storage off
+    (another option selecting ``storage: rtc`` still compiles it in). On ESP8266
+    the backend is integral and always enabled, so ``false`` is rejected rather
+    than silently ignored; ``true`` is a tolerated no-op there so shared config
+    packages work across mixed fleets.
+    """
+    value = cv.boolean(value)
+    if not value:
+        if CORE.is_esp8266:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "RTC preference storage is always enabled on ESP8266 and cannot "
+                "be disabled"
+            )
+        return value
+    if not _rtc_supported():
+        raise cv.Invalid("RTC preference storage is not supported on this platform")
+    return value
+
+
+def is_in_flash(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Map a CONF_STORAGE value to the ``in_flash`` argument of make_preference.
+
+    Call this from ``to_code``: when RTC storage is selected on ESP32 it also emits
+    the define that compiles the RTC storage buffer into the ESP32 backend (see
+    :func:`request_rtc_storage`).
+    """
+    in_flash = value == STORAGE_FLASH
+    if not in_flash:
+        request_rtc_storage()
+    return in_flash
diff --git a/esphome/resolver.py b/esphome/resolver.py
index f80a910afe..68bf37eecd 100644
--- a/esphome/resolver.py
+++ b/esphome/resolver.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import os
 from aioesphomeapi.core import ResolveAPIError, ResolveTimeoutAPIError
 import aioesphomeapi.host_resolver as hr
 
-from esphome.async_thread import AsyncThreadRunner
+from esphome.async_thread import AsyncDispatchTimeout, run_async
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ class AsyncResolver:
 
     This resolver uses aioesphomeapi's async_resolve_host to handle DNS
     resolution, including proper .local domain fallback. Running in a thread
-    (via :class:`AsyncThreadRunner`) allows us to get the result immediately
-    without waiting for ``asyncio.run()`` to complete its cleanup cycle, which
-    can take significant time.
+    (via :func:`run_async`) allows us to get the result immediately without
+    waiting for ``asyncio.run()`` to complete its cleanup cycle, which can
+    take significant time.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, hosts: list[str], port: int) -> None:
@@ -48,21 +48,13 @@ class AsyncResolver:
         )
 
     def resolve(self) -> list[hr.AddrInfo]:
-        """Start the thread and wait for the result."""
-        runner: AsyncThreadRunner[list[hr.AddrInfo]] = AsyncThreadRunner(self._resolve)
-        runner.start()
-
-        if not runner.event.wait(
-            timeout=RESOLVE_TIMEOUT + 1.0
-        ):  # Give it 1 second more than the resolver timeout
-            raise EsphomeError("Timeout resolving IP address")
-
-        if exc := runner.exception:
-            if isinstance(exc, ResolveTimeoutAPIError):
-                raise EsphomeError(f"Timeout resolving IP address: {exc}") from exc
-            if isinstance(exc, ResolveAPIError):
-                raise EsphomeError(f"Error resolving IP address: {exc}") from exc
-            raise exc
-
-        assert runner.result is not None  # guaranteed when event set and no exception
-        return runner.result
+        """Resolve and wait for the result."""
+        try:
+            # Give it 1 second more than the resolver timeout
+            return run_async(self._resolve, timeout=RESOLVE_TIMEOUT + 1.0)
+        except ResolveTimeoutAPIError as exc:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Timeout resolving IP address: {exc}") from exc
+        except ResolveAPIError as exc:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Error resolving IP address: {exc}") from exc
+        except AsyncDispatchTimeout as exc:
+            raise EsphomeError("Timeout resolving IP address") from exc
diff --git a/esphome/stacktrace.py b/esphome/stacktrace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0adbbf6f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/stacktrace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""Lazy stack-trace decoding for streamed device log lines.
+
+Shared by the serial (run_miniterm) and network (api_client) log paths.
+Deliberately light: importing this module must not pull in aioesphomeapi
+or any platform package.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from esphome import platform_hooks
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+    # The contract every platform's process_stacktrace implements.
+    StacktraceHandler = Callable[[ConfigType, str, bool], bool]
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class LogLineProcessor:
+    """Feeds incoming log lines to the stack-trace decoder.
+
+    Three responsibilities beyond just calling the decoder:
+    1. Resolve the platform decoder lazily: registered platforms import
+       nothing until a line matches their gate, registry misses report
+       at session start without importing, and external platforms
+       resolve eagerly since their import is unavoidable and belongs
+       off the streaming callback.
+    2. Catch everything the decoder can raise; decoding is a diagnostic
+       nicety and an escaping exception would log a traceback per dump
+       line, burying the dump the user is trying to read.
+    3. Disable decoding for the rest of the session after a failure.
+       Retrying means re-running a failing toolchain subprocess on the
+       stream, and nothing a decode failure depends on heals by itself;
+       the warning names the fix and a fresh run picks it up. Working
+       at all requires catching every failure, which is why 2 is not
+       narrowed to EsphomeError.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: ConfigType, platform: str) -> None:
+        self._config = config
+        self._platform = platform
+        self._platform_handler: StacktraceHandler | None = None
+        self._decode_enabled = True
+        # None only for platforms resolved eagerly below; a registered
+        # platform always declares a gate.
+        gate = platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES.get(platform)
+        self._gate: re.Pattern[str] | None = None if gate is None else re.compile(gate)
+        self.backtrace_state = False
+        if not platform_hooks.has_registered_hook(platform, "process_stacktrace"):
+            self._resolve_handler()
+
+    def process_line(self, raw_line: str) -> None:
+        if not self._decode_enabled:
+            return
+        if self._platform_handler is None:
+            if not self._gate.search(raw_line):
+                return
+            # Deliberate trade: the platform import blocks the stream
+            # here, once per session, instead of at every startup.
+            if not self._resolve_handler():
+                return
+            _LOGGER.debug(
+                "Stacktrace gate fired for %s; decoder resolved", self._platform
+            )
+        self._feed(raw_line)
+
+    def _resolve_handler(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            handler = platform_hooks.get_stacktrace_handler(self._platform)
+        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # Containment includes resolution: a broken platform package
+            # must not kill the session or retry per line.
+            _LOGGER.debug("Stacktrace analyzer resolution failed", exc_info=True)
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                'Stacktrace analysis is unavailable: analyzer for target platform "%s" could not be loaded: %s',
+                self._platform,
+                f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}",
+            )
+            handler = None
+        if handler is None:
+            self._decode_enabled = False
+            return False
+        self._platform_handler = handler
+        return True
+
+    def _feed(self, raw_line: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.backtrace_state = self._platform_handler(
+                self._config, raw_line, self.backtrace_state
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            self._decode_enabled = False
+            self.backtrace_state = False
+            _LOGGER.debug("Stack-trace decoding failed", exc_info=True)
+            if isinstance(exc, (EsphomeError, OSError)):
+                # Environment failures (idedata, build tree) get the
+                # remediation hint; the fallback string keeps a bare
+                # EsphomeError from rendering as empty parens.
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Crash trace decoding unavailable: %s. "
+                    "Run 'esphome compile' for this device to enable PC decoding.",
+                    str(exc) or "build artifacts not found locally",
+                )
+            else:
+                # A decoder bug is ESPHome's problem, not the user's;
+                # don't send them to recompile a healthy build. Name the
+                # type so a bare KeyError message reads as an exception.
+                detail = type(exc).__name__
+                if msg := str(exc):
+                    detail = f"{detail}: {msg}"
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    'Crash trace decoding disabled: decoder for "%s" raised %s '
+                    "(this is a bug; run with -v for the traceback)",
+                    self._platform,
+                    detail,
+                )
diff --git a/esphome/storage_json.py b/esphome/storage_json.py
index 9d662df8f8..9219914529 100644
--- a/esphome/storage_json.py
+++ b/esphome/storage_json.py
@@ -1,26 +1,32 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import binascii
-from datetime import datetime
 import json
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from esphome import const
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_MDNS,
     KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_ESP32,
     KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
     Toolchain,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Version
 from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.types import CoreType
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -65,8 +71,22 @@ def archive_storage_path() -> Path:
 
 
 def _to_path_if_not_none(value: str | None) -> Path | None:
-    """Convert a string to Path if it's not None."""
-    return Path(value) if value is not None else None
+    """Convert a string to Path; None and the legacy "None" both map to None.
+
+    Sidecars written before as_dict skipped unset paths hold str(None).
+    """
+    return Path(value) if value is not None and value != "None" else None
+
+
+def _parse_framework_version(framework_version: str) -> Version:
+    try:
+        return Version.parse(framework_version)
+    except ValueError as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Could not parse the framework version "
+            f"{framework_version!r} from {storage_path()}. "
+            f"Please clean the build files and recompile."
+        ) from err
 
 
 class StorageJSON:
@@ -133,7 +153,7 @@ class StorageJSON:
         self.no_mdns = no_mdns
         # The framework used to compile the firmware
         self.framework = framework
-        # The core platform of this firmware. Like "esp32", "rp2040", "host" etc.
+        # The core platform of this firmware. Like "esp32", "rp2", "host" etc.
         self.core_platform = core_platform
         # The toolchain used for the build ("platformio" / "esp-idf")
         self.toolchain = toolchain
@@ -153,8 +173,10 @@ class StorageJSON:
             "address": self.address,
             "web_port": self.web_port,
             "esp_platform": self.target_platform,
-            "build_path": str(self.build_path),
-            "firmware_bin_path": str(self.firmware_bin_path),
+            "build_path": str(self.build_path) if self.build_path else None,
+            "firmware_bin_path": (
+                str(self.firmware_bin_path) if self.firmware_bin_path else None
+            ),
             "loaded_integrations": sorted(self.loaded_integrations),
             "loaded_platforms": sorted(self.loaded_platforms),
             "no_mdns": self.no_mdns,
@@ -172,7 +194,18 @@ class StorageJSON:
         write_file_if_changed(path, self.to_json())
 
     @staticmethod
-    def from_esphome_core(esph: CoreType, old: StorageJSON | None) -> StorageJSON:
+    def from_esphome_core(
+        esph: CoreType, old: StorageJSON | None, *, claim_build: bool = True
+    ) -> StorageJSON:
+        """Build a sidecar from post-validation CORE state.
+
+        claim_build=False (the upload/logs fallback, which runs no build)
+        carries the build-artifact fields (esphome_version,
+        firmware_bin_path) from *old* instead of asserting this run built
+        firmware. Validation-derived fields (platform, framework_version,
+        toolchain, build_path) always stamp; storage_should_clean compares
+        them against the next compile.
+        """
         hardware = esph.target_platform.upper()
         framework_version: str | None = None
         if esph.is_esp32:
@@ -187,13 +220,21 @@ class StorageJSON:
             name=esph.name,
             friendly_name=esph.friendly_name,
             comment=esph.comment,
-            esphome_version=const.__version__,
+            esphome_version=(
+                const.__version__
+                if claim_build
+                else (old.esphome_version if old else None)
+            ),
             src_version=1,
             address=esph.address,
             web_port=esph.web_port,
             target_platform=hardware,
             build_path=esph.build_path,
-            firmware_bin_path=esph.firmware_bin,
+            firmware_bin_path=(
+                esph.firmware_bin
+                if claim_build
+                else (old.firmware_bin_path if old else None)
+            ),
             loaded_integrations=esph.loaded_integrations,
             loaded_platforms=esph.loaded_platforms,
             no_mdns=(
@@ -285,11 +326,27 @@ class StorageJSON:
         except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
             return None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_strict(path: Path) -> StorageJSON | None:
+        """Like load, but None only means missing; an unreadable file raises."""
+        if not path.is_file():
+            return None
+        return StorageJSON._load_impl(path)
+
+    def can_apply_to_core(self) -> bool:
+        """True when the sidecar carries everything apply_to_core hands CORE.
+
+        Wizard-written sidecars leave build_path unset (older wizards also
+        the platform fields) and can't drive upload/logs.
+        """
+        return bool((self.core_platform or self.target_platform) and self.build_path)
+
     def apply_to_core(self) -> None:
         """Populate CORE with the metadata upload/logs read.
 
         Inverse of :meth:`from_esphome_core`. Keep paired -- a new
-        attribute upload/logs needs has to be captured there too.
+        attribute upload/logs needs has to be captured there too and
+        reflected in :meth:`can_apply_to_core`.
         Validator-only fields (loaded_integrations/platforms,
         friendly_name) are skipped; the fast path doesn't run
         validation and CORE.__init__ defaults them.
@@ -315,41 +372,20 @@ class StorageJSON:
         }
         # The compile pipeline populates CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] when esp32's
         # validator runs; on the cache fast path that validator is skipped,
-        # so populate the variant upload_using_esptool reads via
-        # esp32.get_esp32_variant(). target_platform on disk is the variant
-        # (e.g. "ESP32S3"); core_platform is the family (e.g. "esp32").
+        # so populate the variant upload_using_esptool reads from
+        # CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_VARIANT]. target_platform on disk is the
+        # variant (e.g. "ESP32S3"); core_platform is the family (e.g. "esp32").
         if target_platform == const.PLATFORM_ESP32:
-            from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_IDF_VERSION
-            from esphome.const import KEY_VARIANT
-
             esp32_data = {KEY_VARIANT: self.target_platform}
             if self.framework_version:
-                import esphome.config_validation as cv
-
-                try:
-                    esp32_data[KEY_IDF_VERSION] = cv.Version.parse(
-                        self.framework_version
-                    )
-                except ValueError as err:
-                    raise EsphomeError(
-                        f"Could not parse the framework version "
-                        f"{self.framework_version!r} from {storage_path()}. "
-                        f"Please clean the build files and recompile."
-                    ) from err
-            CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = esp32_data
-        elif target_platform == const.PLATFORM_NRF52 and self.framework_version:
-            import esphome.config_validation as cv
-
-            try:
-                CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] = cv.Version.parse(
+                esp32_data[KEY_IDF_VERSION] = _parse_framework_version(
                     self.framework_version
                 )
-            except ValueError as err:
-                raise EsphomeError(
-                    f"Could not parse the framework version "
-                    f"{self.framework_version!r} from {storage_path()}. "
-                    f"Please clean the build files and recompile."
-                ) from err
+            CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = esp32_data
+        elif target_platform == const.PLATFORM_NRF52 and self.framework_version:
+            CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] = _parse_framework_version(
+                self.framework_version
+            )
 
     def __eq__(self, o) -> bool:
         return isinstance(o, StorageJSON) and self.as_dict() == o.as_dict()
@@ -379,6 +415,10 @@ class EsphomeStorageJSON:
 
     @property
     def last_update_check(self) -> datetime | None:
+        # Deferred: this module is on the upload/logs fast path; only the
+        # dashboard's update check touches these accessors.
+        from datetime import datetime
+
         try:
             # Stored format is naive ISO without %z; preserved for backward compat.
             return datetime.strptime(  # noqa: DTZ007
diff --git a/esphome/util.py b/esphome/util.py
index b597b4b42e..b8ffa048ca 100644
--- a/esphome/util.py
+++ b/esphome/util.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import collections
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import io
 import logging
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
-import subprocess
 import sys
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
@@ -88,8 +88,11 @@ def safe_print(message="", end="\n"):
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             pass
 
+    # Always flush: stdout is block buffered when it is a pipe (the dashboard
+    # runs us that way), so live log lines would otherwise sit in the buffer
+    # for a long time instead of streaming out.
     try:
-        print(message, end=end)
+        print(message, end=end, flush=True)
         return
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
         pass
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@ def safe_print(message="", end="\n"):
         print(
             message.encode(encoding, "backslashreplace").decode(encoding),
             end=end,
+            flush=True,
         )
         return
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
@@ -114,9 +118,10 @@ def safe_print(message="", end="\n"):
         print(
             message.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace").decode("ascii"),
             end=end,
+            flush=True,
         )
     except UnicodeEncodeError:
-        print("Cannot print line because of invalid locale!")
+        print("Cannot print line because of invalid locale!", flush=True)
 
 
 def safe_input(prompt=""):
@@ -137,6 +142,10 @@ def shlex_quote(s: str | Path) -> str:
     return "'" + s.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
 
 
+# Tells the PlatformIO runner subprocess, which has no configured CORE, that
+# this is an ESP32 Arduino build.
+ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV = "ESPHOME_ESP32_ARDUINO_BUILD"
+
 ANSI_ESCAPE = re.compile(r"\033[@-_][0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]")
 
 
@@ -170,6 +179,51 @@ class RedirectText:
             s = s.replace("\033", "\\033")
         self._out.write(s)
 
+    def _emit_line(self, line: str) -> None:
+        line_without_ansi = ANSI_ESCAPE.sub("", line)
+        line_without_end = line_without_ansi.rstrip()
+        if (
+            self._filter_pattern is not None
+            and self._filter_pattern.match(line_without_end) is not None
+        ):
+            # Filter pattern matched, ignore the line
+            return
+
+        self._write_color_replace(line)
+        # Check for flash size error and provide helpful guidance
+        if (
+            "Error: The program size" in line
+            and "is greater than maximum allowed" in line
+            and (help_msg := get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help())
+        ):
+            self._write_color_replace(help_msg)
+        for callback in self._line_callbacks:
+            if msg := callback(line_without_end):
+                self._write_color_replace(msg)
+
+    def drain(self) -> None:
+        """Write out a held-back line that never got its terminator.
+
+        A tool that dies part way through a line, or ends its output without
+        a final newline, would otherwise have that text sit in the buffer
+        and never reach the user.
+        """
+        if not self._line_buffer:
+            return
+        line, self._line_buffer = self._line_buffer, ""
+        try:
+            # Add the terminator the line never got, so whatever ESPHome
+            # prints next does not run onto the same line.
+            self._emit_line(line + "\n")
+            self._out.flush()
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as err:
+            # Every caller drains from a cleanup path, where the command's
+            # real result is already on its way out; raising here would
+            # replace it with an unrelated traceback. Carry the line into
+            # the warning, since the stream we were told to write it to is
+            # the one that just failed.
+            _LOGGER.warning("Could not write out remaining output (%s): %s", err, line)
+
     def write(self, s: str | bytes) -> int:
         # s is usually a str already (self._out is of type TextIOWrapper)
         # However, s is sometimes also a bytes object in python3. Let's make sure it's a
@@ -180,38 +234,30 @@ class RedirectText:
             s = s.decode()
 
         if self._filter_pattern is not None or self._line_callbacks:
-            self._line_buffer += s
-            lines = self._line_buffer.splitlines(True)
-            for line in lines:
-                if "\n" not in line and "\r" not in line:
-                    # Not a complete line, set line buffer
-                    self._line_buffer = line
-                    break
+            lines = (self._line_buffer + s).splitlines(True)
+            # Every piece but the last ends with something
+            # ``str.splitlines`` treats as a break, so only the last one can
+            # still be waiting for more text. Hold that one, write out the
+            # rest.
+            #
+            # Some of those breaks are not line endings to us, a form feed
+            # for one, so a piece can go out without ending in a newline.
+            # That beats what we did before, which was to stop at the first
+            # such piece and drop every complete line behind it.
+            if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(("\n", "\r")):
+                self._line_buffer = lines.pop()
+            else:
                 self._line_buffer = ""
-
-                line_without_ansi = ANSI_ESCAPE.sub("", line)
-                line_without_end = line_without_ansi.rstrip()
-                if (
-                    self._filter_pattern is not None
-                    and self._filter_pattern.match(line_without_end) is not None
-                ):
-                    # Filter pattern matched, ignore the line
-                    continue
-
-                self._write_color_replace(line)
-                # Check for flash size error and provide helpful guidance
-                if (
-                    "Error: The program size" in line
-                    and "is greater than maximum allowed" in line
-                    and (help_msg := get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help())
-                ):
-                    self._write_color_replace(help_msg)
-                for callback in self._line_callbacks:
-                    if msg := callback(line_without_end):
-                        self._write_color_replace(msg)
+            for line in lines:
+                self._emit_line(line)
         else:
             self._write_color_replace(s)
 
+        # Same reason as safe_print: the dashboard gives us a pipe, which is
+        # block buffered, so in-process esptool progress would not show up
+        # until the buffer filled.
+        self._out.flush()
+
         # write() returns the number of characters written
         # Let's print the number of characters of the original string in order to not confuse
         # any caller.
@@ -252,11 +298,11 @@ def run_external_command(
     _LOGGER.debug("Running:  %s", full_cmd)
 
     orig_stdout = sys.stdout
-    sys.stdout = RedirectText(
+    stdout_redirect = sys.stdout = RedirectText(
         sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
     )
     orig_stderr = sys.stderr
-    sys.stderr = RedirectText(
+    stderr_redirect = sys.stderr = RedirectText(
         sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
     )
 
@@ -282,6 +328,18 @@ def run_external_command(
         sys.stdout = orig_stdout
         sys.stderr = orig_stderr
 
+        # Release a last line that never got its terminator. This runs after
+        # the real streams are back, and uses the wrappers we made rather
+        # than whatever the command left in sys.stdout, so it cannot strand
+        # them. With capture_stdout the stdout wrapper was never written to,
+        # so draining it does nothing. Drain stderr from a finally so a
+        # surprise from the first one cannot strand the second; a real bug
+        # still propagates, it just does not take the other line with it.
+        try:
+            stdout_redirect.drain()
+        finally:
+            stderr_redirect.drain()
+
     if capture_stdout:
         return cap_stdout.getvalue()
 
@@ -289,6 +347,9 @@ def run_external_command(
 
 
 def run_external_process(*cmd: str, **kwargs: Any) -> int | str:
+    # Deferred: an OTA upload/logs run never spawns an external process.
+    import subprocess
+
     full_cmd = " ".join(shlex_quote(x) for x in cmd)
     _LOGGER.debug("Running:  %s", full_cmd)
     filter_lines = kwargs.get("filter_lines")
@@ -314,6 +375,7 @@ def run_external_process(*cmd: str, **kwargs: Any) -> int | str:
             encoding="utf-8",
             check=False,
             close_fds=False,
+            env=kwargs.get("env"),
         )
         return proc.stdout if capture_stdout else proc.returncode
     except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pylint: disable=try-except-raise
@@ -328,11 +390,18 @@ def is_dev_esphome_version():
     return "dev" in const.__version__
 
 
+# Remove before 2027.2.0
 def parse_esphome_version() -> tuple[int, int, int]:
-    match = re.match(r"^(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)(-dev\d*|b\d*)?$", const.__version__)
-    if match is None:
-        raise ValueError(f"Failed to parse ESPHome version '{const.__version__}'")
-    return int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)), int(match.group(3))
+    """Deprecated: use esphome.config_validation.require_esphome_version instead."""
+    from esphome.core import Version
+
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "parse_esphome_version() is deprecated. Use "
+        "cv.require_esphome_version to gate on a minimum version. "
+        "Removed in 2027.2.0"
+    )
+    version = Version.parse(const.__version__)
+    return version.major, version.minor, version.patch
 
 
 # Custom OrderedDict with nicer repr method for debugging
@@ -355,7 +424,7 @@ def list_yaml_files(configs: list[str | Path]) -> list[Path]:
     return sorted(files)
 
 
-def filter_yaml_files(files: list[Path]) -> list[Path]:
+def filter_yaml_files(files: Iterable[Path]) -> list[Path]:
     return [
         f
         for f in files
@@ -449,6 +518,8 @@ def detect_rp2040_bootsel(picotool_path: str | Path) -> BootselResult:
     Returns a BootselResult with the number of devices found (by counting
     'type:' lines in output), and whether a permission error was detected.
     """
+    import subprocess
+
     try:
         result = subprocess.run(
             [str(picotool_path), "info", "-d"],
@@ -468,11 +539,24 @@ def detect_rp2040_bootsel(picotool_path: str | Path) -> BootselResult:
         return BootselResult(0)
 
 
-def get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() -> str | None:
-    """Returns helpful message when ESP32 with Arduino runs out of flash space."""
+def is_esp32_arduino_build() -> bool:
+    """Whether the build targets ESP32 with the Arduino framework.
+
+    The PlatformIO runner subprocess has no configured CORE, so the parent
+    passes the answer in the environment.
+    """
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
-    if not (CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino):
+    if not CORE.is_configured:
+        # The runner subprocess. A half filled in CORE still counts as
+        # configured, so reading from it raises instead of landing here.
+        return os.environ.get(ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV) == "1"
+    return CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.using_arduino
+
+
+def get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() -> str | None:
+    """Returns helpful message when ESP32 with Arduino runs out of flash space."""
+    if not is_esp32_arduino_build():
         return None
 
     from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color
diff --git a/esphome/vscode.py b/esphome/vscode.py
index f404f02f00..ba7b4e727b 100644
--- a/esphome/vscode.py
+++ b/esphome/vscode.py
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from io import StringIO
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+import traceback
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome.config import Config, _format_vol_invalid, validate_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION
-from esphome.core import CORE, DocumentRange
+from esphome.core import CORE, DocumentRange, EsphomeError
 from esphome.yaml_util import parse_yaml
 
 
@@ -97,6 +99,16 @@ def _ace_loader(fname: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return parse_yaml(fname, raw_yaml_stream)
 
 
+def _format_unexpected_error(err: Exception) -> str:
+    """Describe a crash inside validation with the frame it came from."""
+    message = f"Unexpected error while validating: {type(err).__name__}: {err}"
+    frames = traceback.extract_tb(err.__traceback__)
+    if not frames:
+        return message
+    frame = frames[-1]
+    return f"{message} ({frame.filename}:{frame.lineno} in {frame.name})"
+
+
 def _print_version():
     """Print ESPHome version."""
     print(
@@ -134,8 +146,12 @@ def read_config(args):
         try:
             config = loader(file_name)
             res = validate_config(config, command_line_substitutions)
-        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        except (EsphomeError, cv.Invalid) as err:
             vs.add_yaml_error(str(err))
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # stdout carries the JSON protocol; the full chain goes to stderr.
+            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+            vs.add_yaml_error(_format_unexpected_error(err))
         else:
             for err in res.errors:
                 try:
diff --git a/esphome/web_server_helpers.py b/esphome/web_server_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f48934b185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/web_server_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""Shared helpers for the web_server HTTP transports (OTA upload and logs)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AUTH,
+    CONF_PASSWORD,
+    CONF_PORT,
+    CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.helpers import format_ip_url, resolve_ip_address
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def resolve_web_server_urls(host: str, port: int, path: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Resolve ``host`` to ``(ip, url)`` pairs for the web_server ``path``.
+
+    Wraps :func:`resolve_ip_address` (honoring ``CORE.address_cache``) and
+    formats each resolved address into an ``http://host:port/path`` URL via
+    :func:`format_ip_url`, handling both IPv4 and IPv6. Shared by the
+    web_server OTA upload and log streaming paths.
+    """
+    addr_infos = resolve_ip_address(host, port, address_cache=CORE.address_cache)
+    return [
+        (sockaddr[0], format_ip_url(family, sockaddr, port, path))
+        for family, _socktype, _, _, sockaddr in addr_infos
+    ]
+
+
+def get_web_server_connection(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, str | None, str | None]:
+    """Return ``(port, username, password)`` for the web_server HTTP endpoint.
+
+    Reads the port and optional HTTP Basic-auth credentials from the validated
+    ``web_server:`` config, shared by the web_server OTA upload and log
+    streaming paths. Raises :class:`EsphomeError` if ``web_server`` is absent.
+    """
+    web_conf = config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER)
+    if not web_conf:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"The {CONF_WEB_SERVER} component is not configured.")
+    auth = web_conf.get(CONF_AUTH) or {}
+    return int(web_conf[CONF_PORT]), auth.get(CONF_USERNAME), auth.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
diff --git a/esphome/web_server_logs.py b/esphome/web_server_logs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e091e24bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/web_server_logs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""Stream device logs over the ``web_server`` component's HTTP SSE endpoint.
+
+The ``web_server`` component exposes a Server-Sent Events stream at ``/events``
+that multiplexes entity state, keepalive pings, and log lines (``event: log``).
+This is the logging counterpart to the web_server OTA upload path
+(:mod:`esphome.web_server_ota`); it lets ``esphome logs`` reach a device that
+has ``web_server:`` configured but no ``api:``.
+
+Only the ``event: log`` frames are rendered; the payload is the device's
+already-formatted, ANSI-colored log line, so it is passed through the same
+``LogParser`` + ``safe_print`` path the serial and native-API log viewers use.
+The stream is long-lived and the server drops idle connections, so the reader
+reconnects automatically until interrupted.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import requests
+from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.util import safe_print
+from esphome.web_server_helpers import resolve_web_server_urls
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from aioesphomeapi import LogParser
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+EVENTS_PATH = "/events"
+# (connect_timeout, read_timeout). The device sends a keepalive ``ping`` every
+# 10s, so a 30s read timeout tolerates a few missed pings before we treat the
+# connection as dead and reconnect.
+TIMEOUT = (10.0, 30.0)
+# Pause between reconnect attempts so a downed device doesn't spin the CPU.
+RECONNECT_DELAY = 1.0
+# Upper bound for the exponential backoff applied to consecutive failures, so an
+# unreachable host backs off instead of retrying (and logging) once a second.
+MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY = 10.0
+
+
+class WebServerLogsError(EsphomeError):
+    """Raised when the web_server log stream cannot be used (e.g. bad auth)."""
+
+
+def _build_urls(hosts: list[str], port: int) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Resolve ``hosts`` to ``(ip, url)`` pairs for the ``/events`` endpoint."""
+    urls: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for host in hosts:
+        try:
+            resolved = resolve_web_server_urls(host, port, EVENTS_PATH)
+        except EsphomeError as err:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Error resolving IP address of %s: %s", host, err)
+            continue
+        for ip, url in resolved:
+            if url not in seen:
+                seen.add(url)
+                urls.append((ip, url))
+    return urls
+
+
+def _emit(data_lines: list[str], parser: LogParser) -> None:
+    """Render the accumulated ``data:`` lines of one ``event: log`` frame."""
+    time_ = datetime.now().astimezone()
+    milliseconds = time_.microsecond // 1000
+    time_str = (
+        f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}.{milliseconds:03}]"
+    )
+    for line in data_lines:
+        safe_print(parser.parse_line(line, time_str))
+
+
+def _consume(response: requests.Response, parser: LogParser) -> None:
+    """Parse the SSE stream, rendering only ``event: log`` frames.
+
+    Implements the minimal slice of the SSE grammar the ``web_server`` stream
+    uses: ``field: value`` lines (with one optional leading space after the
+    colon) accumulated until a blank line dispatches the frame. ``id:``,
+    ``retry:``, and comment (``:``) lines are ignored, as are non-``log``
+    events (``ping``, ``state``, ...).
+    """
+    event_type = "message"
+    data_lines: list[str] = []
+    # Iterate bytes and decode as UTF-8 ourselves (matching run_miniterm); the
+    # text/event-stream response has no charset, so requests' decode_unicode
+    # would fall back to Latin-1 and mojibake UTF-8 log characters.
+    for raw in response.iter_lines():
+        line = raw.decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
+        if not line:
+            if event_type == "log" and data_lines:
+                _emit(data_lines, parser)
+            event_type = "message"
+            data_lines = []
+            continue
+        if line.startswith(":"):
+            continue
+        field, _, value = line.partition(":")
+        value = value.removeprefix(" ")
+        if field == "event":
+            event_type = value
+        elif field == "data":
+            data_lines.append(value)
+
+
+def _stream(url: str, ip: str, auth: HTTPBasicAuth | None, parser: LogParser) -> bool:
+    """Connect and stream one session.
+
+    Returns ``True`` if a connection was established (even if it later
+    dropped), ``False`` if the connection attempt itself failed so the caller
+    can try the next resolved address.
+    """
+    connected = False
+    _LOGGER.info("Connecting to %s ...", url)
+    try:
+        with requests.get(
+            url,
+            stream=True,
+            auth=auth,
+            timeout=TIMEOUT,
+            headers={"Accept": "text/event-stream"},
+        ) as response:
+            if response.status_code == 401:
+                raise WebServerLogsError(
+                    "Authentication failed (HTTP 401). Check the 'web_server' "
+                    "'auth' username and password."
+                )
+            if response.status_code in (403, 404):
+                # Permanent: the endpoint won't appear on retry (wrong version,
+                # 'log' disabled, or forbidden). Surface it instead of looping.
+                raise WebServerLogsError(
+                    f"Device returned HTTP {response.status_code} for "
+                    f"{EVENTS_PATH}; the web_server log stream is unavailable. "
+                    "Ensure 'web_server' is version 2 or higher with 'log' enabled."
+                )
+            if response.status_code != 200:
+                _LOGGER.error(
+                    "Unexpected HTTP %s response from %s", response.status_code, ip
+                )
+                return False
+            connected = True
+            _LOGGER.info("Connected to %s", ip)
+            _consume(response, parser)
+    except requests.RequestException as err:
+        if connected:
+            _LOGGER.info("Log stream from %s ended (%s); reconnecting...", ip, err)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Could not connect to %s: %s", ip, err)
+    return connected
+
+
+def run_logs(
+    hosts: list[str],
+    port: int,
+    username: str | None,
+    password: str | None,
+) -> int:
+    """Stream logs from the first reachable host over the web_server SSE feed.
+
+    Reconnects automatically when the stream drops and returns ``0`` on
+    ``KeyboardInterrupt`` (Ctrl+C), mirroring how the serial log viewer exits.
+    """
+    from aioesphomeapi import LogParser
+
+    auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password) if username and password else None
+    parser = LogParser()
+    delay = RECONNECT_DELAY
+    try:
+        while True:
+            if not (urls := _build_urls(hosts, port)):
+                _LOGGER.error("Could not resolve any of: %s", ", ".join(hosts))
+                connected = False
+            else:
+                # ``any`` stops at the first address that connects; when that
+                # stream drops we reconnect to the same set on the next pass.
+                connected = any(_stream(url, ip, auth, parser) for ip, url in urls)
+            # Reset the backoff once we reach the device; otherwise grow it
+            # (capped) so an unreachable host doesn't retry/log once a second.
+            delay = (
+                RECONNECT_DELAY if connected else min(delay * 2, MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY)
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        return 0
diff --git a/esphome/web_server_ota.py b/esphome/web_server_ota.py
index 8d0fdeecff..7b508e8527 100644
--- a/esphome/web_server_ota.py
+++ b/esphome/web_server_ota.py
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ import io
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import secrets
-import socket
 from typing import BinaryIO
 
 import requests
 from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
 
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
-from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, resolve_ip_address
+from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar
+from esphome.web_server_helpers import resolve_web_server_urls
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def _try_upload(
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
     try:
-        addr_infos = resolve_ip_address(host, port, address_cache=CORE.address_cache)
+        addr_urls = resolve_web_server_urls(host, port, OTA_PATH)
     except EsphomeError as err:
         _LOGGER.error(
             "Error resolving IP address of %s. Is it connected to WiFi?", host
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def _try_upload(
             _LOGGER.error("(If you know the IP, try --device <IP>)")
         raise WebServerOTAError(err) from err
 
-    if not addr_infos:
+    if not addr_urls:
         _LOGGER.error("Could not resolve %s", host)
         return 1, None
 
@@ -113,16 +113,7 @@ def _try_upload(
     auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password) if username and password else None
 
     # Iterate resolved IPs (IPv4 + IPv6 candidates) just like espota2 does.
-    for af, _socktype, _, _, sa in addr_infos:
-        ip = sa[0]
-        # IPv6 literals must be wrapped in brackets in URLs; link-local
-        # addresses need a percent-encoded zone index per RFC 6874.
-        if af == socket.AF_INET6:
-            scope = sa[3] if len(sa) >= 4 else 0
-            host_part = f"[{ip}%25{scope}]" if scope else f"[{ip}]"
-        else:
-            host_part = ip
-        url = f"http://{host_part}:{port}{OTA_PATH}"
+    for ip, url in addr_urls:
         _LOGGER.info("Connecting to %s port %s...", ip, port)
 
         try:
diff --git a/esphome/wizard.py b/esphome/wizard.py
index f83342cc6a..f7706928e9 100644
--- a/esphome/wizard.py
+++ b/esphome/wizard.py
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ esp32:
     type: esp-idf
 """
 
-RP2040_CONFIG = """
-rp2040:
+RP2_CONFIG = """
+rp2:
   board: {board}
 """
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ rtl87xx:
 HARDWARE_BASE_CONFIGS = {
     "ESP8266": ESP8266_CONFIG,
     "ESP32": ESP32_CONFIG,
-    "RP2040": RP2040_CONFIG,
+    "RP2": RP2_CONFIG,
     "BK72XX": BK72XX_CONFIG,
     "LN882X": LN882X_CONFIG,
     "RTL87XX": RTL87XX_CONFIG,
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class WizardFileKwargs(TypedDict):
     """Keyword arguments for wizard_file function."""
 
     name: str
-    platform: Literal["ESP8266", "ESP32", "RP2040", "BK72XX", "LN882X", "RTL87XX"]
+    platform: Literal["ESP8266", "ESP32", "RP2", "BK72XX", "LN882X", "RTL87XX"]
     board: str
     ssid: NotRequired[str]
     psk: NotRequired[str]
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def wizard_write(path: Path, **kwargs: Unpack[WizardWriteKwargs]) -> bool:
     from esphome.components.esp32 import boards as esp32_boards
     from esphome.components.esp8266 import boards as esp8266_boards
     from esphome.components.ln882x import boards as ln882x_boards
-    from esphome.components.rp2040 import boards as rp2040_boards
+    from esphome.components.rp2 import boards as rp2_boards
     from esphome.components.rtl87xx import boards as rtl87xx_boards
 
     name = kwargs["name"]
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ def wizard_write(path: Path, **kwargs: Unpack[WizardWriteKwargs]) -> bool:
                 platform = "ESP8266"
             elif board in esp32_boards.BOARDS:
                 platform = "ESP32"
-            elif board in rp2040_boards.BOARDS:
-                platform = "RP2040"
+            elif board in rp2_boards.BOARDS:
+                platform = "RP2"
             elif board in bk72xx_boards.BOARDS:
                 platform = "BK72XX"
             elif board in ln882x_boards.BOARDS:
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def wizard(path: Path) -> int:
     from esphome.components.esp32 import boards as esp32_boards
     from esphome.components.esp8266 import boards as esp8266_boards
     from esphome.components.ln882x import boards as ln882x_boards
-    from esphome.components.rp2040 import boards as rp2040_boards
+    from esphome.components.rp2 import boards as rp2_boards
     from esphome.components.rtl87xx import boards as rtl87xx_boards
 
     if path.suffix not in (".yaml", ".yml"):
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ def wizard(path: Path) -> int:
         "firmwares for it."
     )
 
-    wizard_platforms = ["ESP32", "ESP8266", "BK72XX", "LN882X", "RTL87XX", "RP2040"]
+    wizard_platforms = ["ESP32", "ESP8266", "BK72XX", "LN882X", "RTL87XX", "RP2"]
     safe_print(
         "Please choose one of the supported microcontrollers "
         "(Use ESP8266 for Sonoff devices)."
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ def wizard(path: Path) -> int:
         board_link = (
             "https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif8266.html#boards"
         )
-    elif platform == "RP2040":
+    elif platform == "RP2":
         board_link = "https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/silicon.html#rp2040"
     elif platform in ["BK72XX", "LN882X", "RTL87XX"]:
         board_link = "https://docs.libretiny.eu/docs/status/supported/"
@@ -421,27 +421,21 @@ def wizard(path: Path) -> int:
         safe_print(f"(Type {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'esp01_1m')} for Sonoff devices)")
     safe_print()
     # Don't sleep because user needs to copy link
-    if platform == "ESP32":
-        safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "nodemcu-32s")}".')
-        boards_list = esp32_boards.BOARDS.items()
-    elif platform == "ESP8266":
-        safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "nodemcuv2")}".')
-        boards_list = esp8266_boards.BOARDS.items()
-    elif platform == "BK72XX":
-        safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "cb2s")}".')
-        boards_list = bk72xx_boards.BOARDS.items()
-    elif platform == "LN882X":
-        safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "wl2s")}".')
-        boards_list = ln882x_boards.BOARDS.items()
-    elif platform == "RTL87XX":
-        safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "wr3")}".')
-        boards_list = rtl87xx_boards.BOARDS.items()
-    elif platform == "RP2040":
-        safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "rpipicow")}".')
-        boards_list = rp2040_boards.BOARDS.items()
-
-    else:
-        raise NotImplementedError("Unknown platform!")
+    # Platform-to-(example board, boards module) lookup. Dict-driven so the
+    # set of supported platforms has a single source of truth and the elif
+    # chain — which left the last entry's "False" branch structurally
+    # unreachable in tests — is gone.
+    example_boards = {
+        "ESP32": ("nodemcu-32s", esp32_boards),
+        "ESP8266": ("nodemcuv2", esp8266_boards),
+        "BK72XX": ("cb2s", bk72xx_boards),
+        "LN882X": ("wl2s", ln882x_boards),
+        "RTL87XX": ("wr3", rtl87xx_boards),
+        "RP2": ("rpipicow", rp2_boards),
+    }
+    example, boards_module = example_boards[platform]
+    safe_print(f'For example "{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, example)}".')
+    boards_list = boards_module.BOARDS.items()
 
     boards = []
     safe_print("Options:")
diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index 52f2d169b3..0b9e7669ef 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -288,11 +288,13 @@ def copy_src_tree():
             # Source file removed, delete target
             p.unlink()
             if target not in generated_files:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Source removed: %s", target)
                 sources_changed = True
         else:
             src_file = source_files_copy.pop(target)
             with src_file.path() as src_path:
                 if copy_file_if_changed(src_path, p) and target not in generated_files:
+                    _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: %s", target)
                     sources_changed = True
 
     # Now copy new files
@@ -303,21 +305,25 @@ def copy_src_tree():
                 copy_file_if_changed(src_path, dst_path)
                 and target not in generated_files
             ):
+                _LOGGER.debug("Source added: %s", target)
                 sources_changed = True
 
     # Finally copy defines
     if write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_src_path("esphome", "core", "defines.h"), generate_defines_h()
     ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: esphome/core/defines.h")
         sources_changed = True
     write_file_if_changed(CORE.relative_build_path("README.txt"), ESPHOME_README_TXT)
     if write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_src_path("esphome.h"), ESPHOME_H_FORMAT.format(include_s)
     ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: esphome.h")
         sources_changed = True
     if write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_src_path("esphome", "core", "version.h"), generate_version_h()
     ):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Source changed: esphome/core/version.h")
         sources_changed = True
 
     # Generate new build_info files if needed
@@ -332,18 +338,13 @@ def copy_src_tree():
 
     # Defensively force a rebuild if the build_info files don't exist, or if
     # there was a config change which didn't actually cause a source change
-    if not build_info_data_h_path.exists() or not build_info_data_cpp_path.exists():
+    if _build_info_stale(
+        build_info_data_h_path,
+        build_info_data_cpp_path,
+        build_info_json_path,
+        config_hash,
+    ):
         sources_changed = True
-    else:
-        try:
-            existing = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-            if (
-                existing.get("config_hash") != config_hash
-                or existing.get("esphome_version") != __version__
-            ):
-                sources_changed = True
-        except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, OSError):
-            sources_changed = True
 
     # Write build_info header and JSON metadata
     if sources_changed:
@@ -397,6 +398,54 @@ def generate_version_h():
     )
 
 
+def _build_info_stale(
+    h_path: Path, cpp_path: Path, json_path: Path, config_hash: int
+) -> bool:
+    """Whether the build-info sources must regenerate (missing or stale)."""
+    if not h_path.exists() or not cpp_path.exists():
+        _LOGGER.debug("Build info files missing; regenerating")
+        return True
+    try:
+        existing = json.loads(json_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        # An absent build_info.json is stale, not damaged; rebuild quietly
+        _LOGGER.debug("Build info JSON missing; regenerating")
+        return True
+    except (ValueError, OSError) as err:
+        # ValueError covers both JSONDecodeError and UnicodeDecodeError;
+        # unlink so the regenerating write never re-reads the bad copy.
+        # "Unreadable" not "damaged": EACCES/EISDIR land here too
+        _LOGGER.warning("Regenerating unreadable build_info.json: %s", err)
+        try:
+            # missing_ok: a concurrent clean may have removed it already
+            json_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as unlink_err:
+            # The later write re-reads the file, so a kept unreadable copy
+            # fails again with a misattributed error; name the real cause
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not remove unreadable build_info.json: %s", unlink_err
+            )
+        return True
+    if not isinstance(existing, dict):
+        # Valid JSON that is not an object (truncated or hand-edited) is
+        # stale, not a traceback
+        _LOGGER.debug("Build info JSON malformed; regenerating")
+        return True
+    if (
+        existing.get("config_hash") != config_hash
+        or existing.get("esphome_version") != __version__
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.debug(
+            "Build info stale (config_hash %s -> %s, version %s -> %s)",
+            existing.get("config_hash"),
+            config_hash,
+            existing.get("esphome_version"),
+            __version__,
+        )
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 def get_build_info() -> tuple[int, int, str, str]:
     """Calculate build_info values from current config.
 
@@ -653,28 +702,29 @@ def clean_all(configuration: list[str]):
                 elif item.is_dir() and item.name != "storage":
                     rmtree(item)
 
-    # The native ESP-IDF install lives in a machine-global cache dir, outside
-    # any .esphome data dir, so the per-config loop above won't reach it.
-    from esphome.espidf.framework import _get_idf_tools_path
+    # The native toolchain installs live in a machine-global cache dir that
+    # the per-config loop above can't reach. Wipe the default cache root
+    # (also catches leftovers from older install layouts), then the resolved
+    # install paths for the ESPHOME_*_PREFIX overrides (docker/add-on/CI)
+    # that live outside it. Every backend's cache is listed in
+    # TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS, so registering one there is the only step.
+    import platformdirs
 
-    idf_install_path = _get_idf_tools_path()
-    if idf_install_path.is_dir():
-        _LOGGER.info("Deleting %s", idf_install_path)
-        rmtree(idf_install_path)
+    from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS, tools_cache_path
+
+    cache_root = Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)).resolve()
+    install_paths = [cache_root] + [
+        tools_cache_path(*spec) for spec in TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS
+    ]
+    for install_path in install_paths:
+        if install_path.is_dir():
+            _LOGGER.info("Deleting %s", install_path)
+            rmtree(install_path)
 
     # Clean PlatformIO project files
-    try:
-        from platformio.project.config import ProjectConfig
-    except ImportError:
-        # PlatformIO is not available, skip cleaning
-        pass
-    else:
-        config = ProjectConfig.get_instance()
-        for pio_dir in ["cache_dir", "packages_dir", "platforms_dir", "core_dir"]:
-            path = Path(config.get("platformio", pio_dir))
-            if path.is_dir():
-                _LOGGER.info("Deleting PlatformIO %s %s", pio_dir, path)
-                rmtree(path)
+    from esphome.platformio.toolchain import clean_platformio_cache
+
+    clean_platformio_cache()
 
 
 GITIGNORE_CONTENT = """# Gitignore settings for ESPHome
diff --git a/esphome/yaml_util.py b/esphome/yaml_util.py
index 0009cde551..c280e550c9 100644
--- a/esphome/yaml_util.py
+++ b/esphome/yaml_util.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterator
 from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import functools
@@ -231,18 +231,22 @@ class IncludeFile:
     def __init__(
         self,
         parent_file: Path,
-        file: Path | str,
+        file: str,
         vars: dict[str, Any] | None,
         yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], Any],
     ) -> None:
         self.parent_file = parent_file
-        self.file = Path(file)
+        # The raw include text may be a substitution/Jinja expression, so it
+        # must never round-trip through Path(): on Windows, WindowsPath str()
+        # rewrites "/" to "\", which Jinja then decodes as escapes like
+        # "\b" -> backspace (issue #18545).
+        self.file = file
         self.vars = vars
         self.yaml_loader = yaml_loader
         self._content: Any = _UNSET
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"IncludeFile({self.file.as_posix()})"
+        return f"IncludeFile({self.file})"
 
     def load(self) -> Any:
         """Load and cache the included file content.
@@ -253,18 +257,139 @@ class IncludeFile:
         if self._content is not _UNSET:
             return self._content
         if self.has_unresolved_expressions():
-            from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+            from voluptuous import Invalid
 
             raise Invalid(
                 f"Cannot load include with unresolved substitutions: {self.file}"
             )
-        self._content = self.yaml_loader(Path(self.parent_file.parent / self.file))
+        self._content = self.yaml_loader(self.parent_file.parent / self.file)
         self._content = add_context(self._content, self.vars)
         return self._content
 
     def has_unresolved_expressions(self) -> bool:
         """Check if the filename contains substitution variables or Jinja expressions."""
-        return has_substitution_or_expression(str(self.file))
+        return has_substitution_or_expression(self.file)
+
+    def with_file(self, file: str) -> IncludeFile:
+        """Clone this include with *file* as the filename."""
+        return IncludeFile(self.parent_file, file, self.vars, self.yaml_loader)
+
+
+def _is_visible_path(rel: Path) -> bool:
+    """Report whether no component of *rel* is hidden (``..`` stays valid)."""
+    return all(part == ".." or _is_file_valid(part) for part in rel.parts)
+
+
+def _glob_include_candidates(parent_dir: Path, pattern: str) -> list[Path]:
+    """
+    Expand a candidate glob under *parent_dir*, keeping hidden files out.
+
+    An un-globbable pattern (absolute, or one the filesystem rejects) is
+    skipped instead of crashing discovery.
+    """
+    try:
+        found_paths = parent_dir.glob(pattern)
+        return [
+            rel
+            for found in found_paths
+            if _is_visible_path(rel := found.relative_to(parent_dir))
+        ]
+    except (NotImplementedError, ValueError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Cannot glob include pattern %r: %s", pattern, err)
+        return []
+    except OSError as err:
+        _LOGGER.warning("I/O error globbing include pattern %r: %s", pattern, err)
+        return []
+
+
+def _candidate_include_paths(include: IncludeFile) -> list[Path]:
+    """Enumerate resolved files an expression-templated ``!include`` could select.
+
+    Wildcard patterns from ``substitutions.include_candidate_patterns`` glob
+    under the including file's directory with hidden files excluded (like
+    ``!include_dir_*``); literal branch patterns are tried verbatim. Matches
+    still carrying expression markers or pointing back at the including file
+    are skipped.
+    """
+    # Deferred import — the substitutions component imports this module.
+    from esphome.components.substitutions import include_candidate_patterns
+
+    parent_dir = include.parent_file.parent
+    parent_resolved = include.parent_file.resolve()
+    candidates: list[Path] = []
+    for pattern in include_candidate_patterns(include.file):
+        if "*" in pattern:
+            matches = sorted(_glob_include_candidates(parent_dir, pattern))
+        else:
+            matches = [Path(pattern)]
+        for match in matches:
+            if has_substitution_or_expression(str(match)):
+                continue
+            candidate = parent_dir / match
+            if not candidate.is_file():
+                continue
+            resolved = candidate.resolve()
+            if resolved == parent_resolved:
+                continue
+            candidates.append(resolved)
+    return candidates
+
+
+def _load_include_candidates(
+    include: IncludeFile,
+    *,
+    warn_on_unresolved: bool,
+    seen: set[int],
+    expanded_paths: set[Path],
+    keepalive: list[Any],
+) -> None:
+    """Load every filesystem candidate for an unresolved ``IncludeFile``."""
+    from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+    log = _LOGGER.warning if warn_on_unresolved else _LOGGER.debug
+    candidates = _candidate_include_paths(include)
+    if not candidates:
+        log(
+            "Cannot resolve !include %s (referenced from %s) with substitutions in path",
+            include.file,
+            include.parent_file,
+        )
+        return
+    _LOGGER.debug(
+        "Expanding !include %s (referenced from %s) to %d candidate file(s)",
+        include.file,
+        include.parent_file,
+        len(candidates),
+    )
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        if candidate in expanded_paths:
+            continue
+        expanded_paths.add(candidate)
+        try:
+            loaded = include.with_file(candidate.as_posix()).load()
+        except (EsphomeError, Invalid) as err:
+            # Unlike an unresolved pattern (expected during the discovery
+            # re-parse), a matched on-disk candidate that fails to load is a
+            # genuine user error; warn in every mode. The file itself is
+            # still tracked (the load listener fires before parsing), only
+            # its nested includes go undiscovered.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Failed to load candidate %s for !include %s: %s",
+                candidate,
+                include.file,
+                err,
+            )
+            continue
+        # The throwaway IncludeFile is this tree's only owner; keep the tree
+        # alive so ids recorded in ``seen`` stay unique for the traversal.
+        keepalive.append(loaded)
+        force_load_include_files(
+            loaded,
+            warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved,
+            _seen=seen,
+            _expanded_paths=expanded_paths,
+            _keepalive=keepalive,
+        )
 
 
 def force_load_include_files(
@@ -272,6 +397,8 @@ def force_load_include_files(
     *,
     warn_on_unresolved: bool = True,
     _seen: set[int] | None = None,
+    _expanded_paths: set[Path] | None = None,
+    _keepalive: list[Any] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Recursively resolve any deferred ``IncludeFile`` instances in a YAML tree.
 
@@ -282,29 +409,43 @@ def force_load_include_files(
     loader fires and records every reachable file.
 
     ``IncludeFile`` instances whose path contains unresolved substitution
-    variables cannot be loaded. By default a warning is logged for each one;
-    pass ``warn_on_unresolved=False`` (used by discovery paths that run on a
-    fresh re-parse where substitutions haven't been applied yet) to demote it
-    to a debug log.
+    variables or Jinja expressions are expanded against the filesystem and
+    every existing candidate file is loaded, so bundles ship all branches the
+    expression could select. By default a warning is logged when no candidate
+    exists; pass ``warn_on_unresolved=False`` (used by discovery paths that
+    run on a fresh re-parse where substitutions haven't been applied yet) to
+    demote it to a debug log.
     """
+    from voluptuous import Invalid
+
     if _seen is None:
         _seen = set()
+    if _expanded_paths is None:
+        _expanded_paths = set()
+    if _keepalive is None:
+        # ``_seen`` tracks ids, which is only safe while every traversed
+        # object stays alive; candidate trees are otherwise freed between
+        # loop iterations and CPython recycles their addresses, making a
+        # fresh tree look already seen. Discovery is a one-shot operation,
+        # so holding the parsed trees costs nothing.
+        _keepalive = []
 
     if isinstance(obj, IncludeFile):
         if id(obj) in _seen:
             return
         _seen.add(id(obj))
         if obj.has_unresolved_expressions():
-            log = _LOGGER.warning if warn_on_unresolved else _LOGGER.debug
-            log(
-                "Cannot resolve !include %s (referenced from %s) with substitutions in path",
-                obj.file,
-                obj.parent_file,
+            _load_include_candidates(
+                obj,
+                warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved,
+                seen=_seen,
+                expanded_paths=_expanded_paths,
+                keepalive=_keepalive,
             )
             return
         try:
             loaded = obj.load()
-        except EsphomeError as err:
+        except (EsphomeError, Invalid) as err:
             _LOGGER.warning(
                 "Failed to load !include %s (referenced from %s): %s",
                 obj.file,
@@ -313,7 +454,11 @@ def force_load_include_files(
             )
             return
         force_load_include_files(
-            loaded, warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved, _seen=_seen
+            loaded,
+            warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved,
+            _seen=_seen,
+            _expanded_paths=_expanded_paths,
+            _keepalive=_keepalive,
         )
     elif isinstance(obj, dict):
         if id(obj) in _seen:
@@ -321,7 +466,11 @@ def force_load_include_files(
         _seen.add(id(obj))
         for value in obj.values():
             force_load_include_files(
-                value, warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved, _seen=_seen
+                value,
+                warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved,
+                _seen=_seen,
+                _expanded_paths=_expanded_paths,
+                _keepalive=_keepalive,
             )
     elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
         if id(obj) in _seen:
@@ -329,7 +478,11 @@ def force_load_include_files(
         _seen.add(id(obj))
         for item in obj:
             force_load_include_files(
-                item, warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved, _seen=_seen
+                item,
+                warn_on_unresolved=warn_on_unresolved,
+                _seen=_seen,
+                _expanded_paths=_expanded_paths,
+                _keepalive=_keepalive,
             )
 
 
@@ -402,6 +555,13 @@ def _add_data_ref(fn):
             # Let generator finish
             for _ in generator:
                 pass
+        # Fast mode keeps this per-node attribute check instead of a second
+        # constructor table: measured, fast mode already parses within ~8%
+        # of a raw CSafeLoader, so a parallel table isn't worth the
+        # duplication (and undecorated constructors return generators with
+        # different resolution ordering).
+        if not loader.track_document_range:
+            return res
         res = make_data_base(res)
         if isinstance(res, ESPHomeDataBase):
             res.from_node(node)
@@ -441,14 +601,19 @@ def _resolve_merge_include(value: Any, node: yaml.Node, value_node: yaml.Node) -
 
 
 class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
-    """Loader class that keeps track of line numbers."""
+    """Loader that tracks line numbers unless track_document_range is off."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, name: Path, yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], dict[str, Any]]
+        self,
+        name: Path,
+        yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], dict[str, Any]],
+        *,
+        track_document_range: bool,
     ) -> None:
-        """Initialize the loader."""
+        """Initialize the loader. See load_yaml for track_document_range."""
         self.name = name
         self.yaml_loader = yaml_loader
+        self.track_document_range = track_document_range
 
     @_add_data_ref
     def construct_yaml_int(self, node):
@@ -511,8 +676,10 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
                         f'Invalid key "{key}" (not hashable)', key_node.start_mark
                     ) from None
 
-                key = make_data_base(str(key))
-                key.from_node(key_node)
+                key = str(key)
+                if self.track_document_range:
+                    key = make_data_base(key)
+                    key.from_node(key_node)
 
                 # Check if it is a duplicate key
                 if key in seen_keys:
@@ -631,6 +798,10 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
             file = fields.get("file")
             if file is None:
                 raise yaml.MarkedYAMLError("Must include 'file'", node.start_mark)
+            if not isinstance(file, str):
+                raise yaml.MarkedYAMLError(
+                    "Include 'file' must be a string", node.start_mark
+                )
             vars = fields.get(CONF_VARS)
             return file, vars
 
@@ -647,12 +818,12 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
 
     @_add_data_ref
     def construct_include_dir_list(self, node: yaml.Node) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-        files = filter_yaml_files(_find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
+        files = filter_yaml_files(find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
         return [self.yaml_loader(f) for f in files]
 
     @_add_data_ref
     def construct_include_dir_merge_list(self, node: yaml.Node) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-        files = filter_yaml_files(_find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
+        files = filter_yaml_files(find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
         merged_list = []
         for fname in files:
             loaded_yaml = self.yaml_loader(fname)
@@ -664,7 +835,7 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
     def construct_include_dir_named(
         self, node: yaml.Node
     ) -> OrderedDict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        files = filter_yaml_files(_find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
+        files = filter_yaml_files(find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
         mapping = OrderedDict()
         for fname in files:
             filename = fname.stem
@@ -675,7 +846,7 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
     def construct_include_dir_merge_named(
         self, node: yaml.Node
     ) -> OrderedDict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-        files = filter_yaml_files(_find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
+        files = filter_yaml_files(find_files(self._rel_path(node.value), "*.yaml"))
         mapping = OrderedDict()
         for fname in files:
             loaded_yaml = self.yaml_loader(fname)
@@ -708,29 +879,37 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
 
 
 class ESPHomeLoader(ESPHomeLoaderMixin, FastestAvailableSafeLoader):
-    """Loader class that keeps track of line numbers."""
+    """C-accelerated loader; see ESPHomeLoaderMixin."""
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         stream: TextIOBase | BytesIO,
         name: Path,
         yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], dict[str, Any]],
+        *,
+        track_document_range: bool,
     ) -> None:
         FastestAvailableSafeLoader.__init__(self, stream)
-        ESPHomeLoaderMixin.__init__(self, name, yaml_loader)
+        ESPHomeLoaderMixin.__init__(
+            self, name, yaml_loader, track_document_range=track_document_range
+        )
 
 
 class ESPHomePurePythonLoader(ESPHomeLoaderMixin, PurePythonLoader):
-    """Loader class that keeps track of line numbers."""
+    """Pure-Python loader with readable errors; see ESPHomeLoaderMixin."""
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         stream: TextIOBase | BytesIO,
         name: Path,
         yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], dict[str, Any]],
+        *,
+        track_document_range: bool,
     ) -> None:
         PurePythonLoader.__init__(self, stream)
-        ESPHomeLoaderMixin.__init__(self, name, yaml_loader)
+        ESPHomeLoaderMixin.__init__(
+            self, name, yaml_loader, track_document_range=track_document_range
+        )
 
 
 for _loader in (ESPHomeLoader, ESPHomePurePythonLoader):
@@ -758,20 +937,31 @@ for _loader in (ESPHomeLoader, ESPHomePurePythonLoader):
     _loader.add_constructor("!remove", _loader.construct_remove)
 
 
-def load_yaml(fname: Path, clear_secrets: bool = True) -> Any:
+def load_yaml(
+    fname: Path, clear_secrets: bool = True, *, track_document_range: bool = True
+) -> Any:
+    """Load a YAML file.
+
+    track_document_range=False skips wrapping every node in an
+    ESPHomeDataBase subclass carrying its source range. That metadata
+    serves validation error messages and lambda source locations in
+    generated code; callers that neither validate nor generate code (the
+    upload/logs fast path re-reading the validated config cache) can skip
+    it, roughly halving parse time.
+    """
     if clear_secrets:
         _SECRET_VALUES.clear()
         _SECRET_CACHE.clear()
-    return _load_yaml_internal(fname)
+    return _load_yaml_internal(fname, track_document_range=track_document_range)
 
 
-def _load_yaml_internal(fname: Path) -> Any:
+def _load_yaml_internal(fname: Path, *, track_document_range: bool = True) -> Any:
     """Load a YAML file."""
     for listener in _load_listeners:
         listener(fname)
     try:
         with fname.open(encoding="utf-8") as f_handle:
-            res = parse_yaml(fname, f_handle)
+            res = parse_yaml(fname, f_handle, track_document_range=track_document_range)
     except (UnicodeDecodeError, OSError) as err:
         raise EsphomeError(f"Error reading file {fname}: {err}") from err
     # Top-level !include returns a deferred IncludeFile; resolve it so
@@ -781,13 +971,32 @@ def _load_yaml_internal(fname: Path) -> Any:
     return res
 
 
-def parse_yaml(file_name: Path, file_handle: TextIOWrapper, yaml_loader=None) -> Any:
+_FAST_YAML_LOADER = functools.partial(_load_yaml_internal, track_document_range=False)
+
+
+def parse_yaml(
+    file_name: Path,
+    file_handle: TextIOWrapper,
+    yaml_loader=None,
+    *,
+    track_document_range: bool = True,
+) -> Any:
     """Parse a YAML file."""
     if yaml_loader is None:
-        yaml_loader = _load_yaml_internal
+        # Nested loads (!include, !secret, !include_dir_*) inherit the
+        # same tracking mode.
+        yaml_loader = _load_yaml_internal if track_document_range else _FAST_YAML_LOADER
+    elif not track_document_range:
+        # A caller-supplied loader would silently revert nested loads to
+        # tracked mode; reject the combination instead of half-applying it.
+        raise ValueError("track_document_range=False requires the default yaml_loader")
     try:
         return _load_yaml_internal_with_type(
-            ESPHomeLoader, file_name, file_handle, yaml_loader
+            ESPHomeLoader,
+            file_name,
+            file_handle,
+            yaml_loader,
+            track_document_range=track_document_range,
         )
     except EsphomeError:
         # Loading failed, so we now load with the Python loader which has more
@@ -795,7 +1004,11 @@ def parse_yaml(file_name: Path, file_handle: TextIOWrapper, yaml_loader=None) ->
         # Rewind the stream so we can try again
         file_handle.seek(0, 0)
         return _load_yaml_internal_with_type(
-            ESPHomePurePythonLoader, file_name, file_handle, yaml_loader
+            ESPHomePurePythonLoader,
+            file_name,
+            file_handle,
+            yaml_loader,
+            track_document_range=track_document_range,
         )
 
 
@@ -804,6 +1017,8 @@ def _load_yaml_internal_with_type(
     fname: Path,
     content: TextIOWrapper,
     yaml_loader: Callable[[Path], dict[str, Any]],
+    *,
+    track_document_range: bool,
 ) -> Any:
     """Load a YAML file.
 
@@ -814,7 +1029,9 @@ def _load_yaml_internal_with_type(
     configuration. Frontmatter is ignored by config validation and code
     generation.
     """
-    loader = loader_type(content, fname, yaml_loader)
+    loader = loader_type(
+        content, fname, yaml_loader, track_document_range=track_document_range
+    )
     try:
         documents: list[Any] = []
         while loader.check_data():
@@ -840,17 +1057,22 @@ def _load_yaml_internal_with_type(
         loader.dispose()
 
 
-def dump(dict_, show_secrets=False, sort_keys=False):
-    """Dump YAML to a string and remove null."""
+def dump(dict_, show_secrets=False, sort_keys=False, relative_to: Path | None = None):
+    """Dump YAML to a string and remove null.
+
+    When ``relative_to`` is given, Path values are dumped relative to that
+    directory (POSIX form) so the output is machine independent.
+    """
     if show_secrets:
         _SECRET_VALUES.clear()
         _SECRET_CACHE.clear()
 
-    # Per-call subclass so the redaction flag doesn't leak across calls.
+    # Per-call subclass so the flags don't leak across calls.
     # (``_SECRET_VALUES`` / ``_SECRET_CACHE`` remain module globals; YAML
-    # processing is single-threaded today, so this isolates only the flag.)
+    # processing is single-threaded today, so this isolates only the flags.)
     class _Dumper(ESPHomeDumper):
         _redact_sensitive = not show_secrets
+        _relative_to = relative_to
 
     return yaml.dump(
         dict_,
@@ -866,8 +1088,8 @@ def _is_file_valid(name: str) -> bool:
     return not name.startswith(".")
 
 
-def _find_files(directory: Path, pattern):
-    """Recursively load files in a directory."""
+def find_files(directory: Path, pattern: str) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Recursively find files in a directory matching *pattern*, skipping hidden entries."""
     for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
         dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if _is_file_valid(d)]
         for f in files:
@@ -1002,9 +1224,13 @@ def format_path(path: DocumentPath, current_obj: Any) -> str:
 
 
 class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
-    # Default for the base class; per-call subclass in ``dump()`` overrides.
+    # Defaults for the base class; per-call subclass in ``dump()`` overrides.
     # When True, ``represent_sensitive`` wraps values in ANSI conceal codes.
     _redact_sensitive: bool = False
+    # When set, ``represent_path`` dumps Path values relative to this
+    # directory (in POSIX form) so the output does not depend on where the
+    # config lives on the machine that produced it.
+    _relative_to: Path | None = None
 
     def represent_mapping(self, tag, mapping, flow_style=None):
         value = []
@@ -1040,6 +1266,21 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
             return self.represent_secret(value)
         return self.represent_scalar(tag="tag:yaml.org,2002:str", value=str(value))
 
+    def represent_path(self, value: Path) -> yaml.ScalarNode:
+        if self._relative_to is not None:
+            # Normalize both sides lexically (no symlink resolution) so ".."
+            # segments do not defeat the prefix match, and walk up so files
+            # referenced outside the anchor directory stay relative too. A
+            # path that still cannot be relativized (e.g. a different drive)
+            # keeps its POSIX form so separators stay stable across OSes.
+            path = Path(os.path.normpath(value))
+            with suppress(ValueError):
+                path = path.relative_to(
+                    os.path.normpath(self._relative_to), walk_up=True
+                )
+            return self.represent_stringify(path.as_posix())
+        return self.represent_stringify(value)
+
     def represent_sensitive(self, value: SensitiveStr) -> yaml.ScalarNode:
         # Only the redact-and-not-a-secret branch is unique to sensitive
         # values; otherwise let ``represent_stringify`` handle ``!secret``
@@ -1100,11 +1341,11 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
 
     def represent_include_file(self, value):
         if value.vars:
-            mapping = {"file": value.file.as_posix(), "vars": value.vars}
+            mapping = {"file": value.file, "vars": value.vars}
             return self.represent_mapping(
                 tag="!include", mapping=mapping, flow_style=False
             )
-        return self.represent_scalar(tag="!include", value=value.file.as_posix())
+        return self.represent_scalar(tag="!include", value=value.file)
 
     def represent_id(self, value):
         if is_secret(value.id):
@@ -1116,6 +1357,8 @@ class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
         return super().increase_indent(flow, False)
 
 
+# Mirrored by compiled_config._json_default: a new representer that keeps a
+# type round-trippable (like Lambda's) needs a sentinel there too.
 ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(
     dict, lambda dumper, value: dumper.represent_mapping("tag:yaml.org,2002:map", value)
 )
@@ -1138,5 +1381,5 @@ ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(Extend, ESPHomeDumper.represent_extend)
 ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(Remove, ESPHomeDumper.represent_remove)
 ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(core.ID, ESPHomeDumper.represent_id)
 ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(uuid.UUID, ESPHomeDumper.represent_stringify)
-ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(Path, ESPHomeDumper.represent_stringify)
+ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(Path, ESPHomeDumper.represent_path)
 ESPHomeDumper.add_multi_representer(IncludeFile, ESPHomeDumper.represent_include_file)
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index 061e92a64a..fcf7caa7c7 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ lib_deps_base =
 
 lib_deps =
     ${common.lib_deps_base}
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11                 ; api
-    improv/Improv@1.2.4                    ; improv_serial / esp32_improv
+    https://github.com/dudanov/MideaUART.git#eeea6c3e9b4474f067054592b435be1c4e466815 ; midea
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.21                 ; noise (api, ota)
+    improv/Improv@1.2.7                    ; improv_serial / esp32_improv
     kikuchan98/pngle@1.1.0                 ; online_image
     ; Using the repository directly, otherwise ESP-IDF can't use the library
     https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC.git#1.8.4    ; online_image
@@ -80,7 +81,6 @@ lib_deps =
     Wire                                                  ; i2c (Arduino built-int)
     heman/AsyncMqttClient-esphome@1.0.0                   ; mqtt
     freekode/TM1651@1.0.1                                 ; tm1651
-    dudanov/MideaUART@1.1.9                               ; midea
     tonia/HeatpumpIR@1.0.42                               ; heatpumpir
 build_flags =
     ${common.build_flags}
@@ -141,10 +141,10 @@ extra_scripts = post:esphome/components/esp8266/post_build.py.script
 ; This are common settings for the ESP32 (all variants) using Arduino.
 [common:esp32-arduino]
 extends = common:arduino
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.39/platform-espressif32.zip
+platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.311/platform-espressif32.zip
 platform_packages =
-    pioarduino/framework-arduinoespressif32@https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases/download/3.3.9/esp32-core-3.3.9.tar.xz
-    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.4/esp-idf-v5.5.4.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-arduinoespressif32@https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases/download/3.3.11/esp32-core-3.3.11.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.5/esp-idf-v5.5.5.tar.xz
 
 framework = arduino, espidf  ; Arduino as an ESP-IDF component
 lib_deps =
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ extra_scripts =
 ; This are common settings for the ESP32 (all variants) using IDF.
 [common:esp32-idf]
 extends = common:idf
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.39/platform-espressif32.zip
+platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.311/platform-espressif32.zip
 platform_packages =
-    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.4/esp-idf-v5.5.4.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.5/esp-idf-v5.5.5.tar.xz
 
 framework = espidf
 lib_deps =
@@ -203,10 +203,11 @@ extra_scripts =
 extends = common:arduino
 board_build.filesystem_size = 0.5m
 
-platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#v1.4.0-gcc14-arduinopico460
+platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#9c167c6b8aac4f4cfa6d55a0c4e5b848795150c0
 platform_packages =
-    ; earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@~1.20602.0 ; Cannot use the platformio package until old releases stop getting deleted
-    earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/5.6.1/rp2040-5.6.1.zip
+    ; The framework-arduinopico package is no longer published to the PlatformIO
+    ; registry, so install the framework straight from the GitHub release
+    earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/6.0.0/rp2040-6.0.0.zip
 
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps =
@@ -214,8 +215,19 @@ lib_deps =
     ${common:idf-component-libs.lib_deps}
     ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP@1.3.2        ; async_tcp
     ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.6    ; web_server_base
+    WiFi                                  ; wifi (arduino-pico built-in)
+    lwIP_CYW43                            ; wifi (arduino-pico built-in, WiFi dependency)
+    HTTPClient                            ; http_request (arduino-pico built-in)
+    Updater                               ; ota (arduino-pico built-in)
+    MD5Builder                            ; md5 (arduino-pico built-in)
+    LEAmDNS                               ; mdns (arduino-pico built-in)
+    lwIP_w5500                            ; ethernet (arduino-pico built-in)
+    lwIP-Ethernet                         ; ethernet (arduino-pico built-in, lwIP_w5500/lwIP_CYW43 dependency)
+    WebServer                             ; web_server_base (arduino-pico built-in, ESPAsyncWebServer dependency)
+    http-parser                           ; web_server_base (arduino-pico built-in, ESPAsyncWebServer dependency)
 build_flags =
     ${common:arduino.build_flags}
+    -DUSE_RP2
     -DUSE_RP2040
     -DUSE_RP2040_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO
 build_unflags =
@@ -228,9 +240,17 @@ platform = https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.13.0
 framework = arduino
 lib_compat_mode = soft
 lib_deps =
+    ${common.lib_deps_base}
     ${common:idf-component-libs.lib_deps}
     ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.6    ; web_server_base
     droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.5            ; wireguard
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.21                ; noise (api, ota)
+    ESP32Async/AsyncTCP@3.4.5             ; async_tcp
+    DNSServer                             ; captive_portal
+    heman/AsyncMqttClient-esphome@2.0.0   ; mqtt
+    improv/Improv@1.2.7                   ; improv_serial
+    kikuchan98/pngle@1.1.0                ; online_image
+    https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC.git#1.8.4    ; online_image
 build_flags =
     ${common:arduino.build_flags}
     -DUSE_LIBRETINY
@@ -510,6 +530,17 @@ build_flags =
 build_unflags =
     ${common.build_unflags}
 
+[env:rp2-tidy]
+extends = common:rp2040-arduino
+; The W variant so the cyw43 / WiFi library paths are part of the idedata.
+board = rpipicow
+build_flags =
+    ${common:rp2040-arduino.build_flags}
+    ${flags:clangtidy.build_flags}
+    -DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH
+build_unflags =
+    ${common.build_unflags}
+
 ;;;;;;;; LibreTiny ;;;;;;;;
 
 [env:bk72xx-arduino]
@@ -556,13 +587,61 @@ build_flags =
 build_unflags =
     ${common.build_unflags}
 
+[env:bk72xx-tidy]
+extends = common:libretiny-arduino
+board = generic-bk7231n-qfn32-tuya
+build_flags =
+    ${common:libretiny-arduino.build_flags}
+    ${flags:clangtidy.build_flags}
+    -DUSE_BK72XX
+    -DUSE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7231N
+build_unflags =
+    ${common.build_unflags}
+
+[env:ln882h-tidy]
+extends = common:libretiny-arduino
+board = generic-ln882h
+build_flags =
+    ${common:libretiny-arduino.build_flags}
+    ${flags:clangtidy.build_flags}
+    -DUSE_LN882X
+    -DUSE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_LN882H
+    ; the SDK lwip port dir is missing from pio idedata; lwipopts.h include_next needs it
+    -I${platformio.packages_dir}/framework-lightning-ln882h/components/net/lwip-2.1.3/src/port/ln_osal/include
+build_unflags =
+    ${common.build_unflags}
+
+[env:rtl87xxb-tidy]
+extends = common:libretiny-arduino
+board = generic-rtl8710bn-2mb-788k
+; mirror the libretiny codegen pin: RTL8710B needs 8.2.3+ for task notifications
+custom_versions.freertos = 8.2.3
+build_flags =
+    ${common:libretiny-arduino.build_flags}
+    ${flags:clangtidy.build_flags}
+    -DUSE_RTL87XX
+    -DUSE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8710B
+build_unflags =
+    ${common.build_unflags}
+
+[env:rtl87xxc-tidy]
+extends = common:libretiny-arduino
+board = generic-rtl8720cf-2mb-992k
+build_flags =
+    ${common:libretiny-arduino.build_flags}
+    ${flags:clangtidy.build_flags}
+    -DUSE_RTL87XX
+    -DUSE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8720C
+build_unflags =
+    ${common.build_unflags}
+
 ;;;;;;;; Host ;;;;;;;;
 
 [env:host]
 extends = common
 platform = platformio/native
 lib_deps =
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11  ; used by api
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.21  ; used by noise (api, ota)
     lvgl/lvgl@9.5.0         ; lvgl
 build_flags =
     ${common.build_flags}
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index e959578553..3185fe0a9f 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools==82.0.1", "wheel>=0.43,<0.48"]
+requires = ["setuptools==84.0.0", "wheel>=0.43,<0.49"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ include = ["esphome*"]
 testpaths = [
   "tests",
 ]
+# Prepend the repo root so in-process esphome imports resolve to THIS tree,
+# not wherever the venv's editable install points (e.g. another git worktree).
+pythonpath = ["."]
 addopts = [
   "--cov=esphome",
   "--cov-branch",
@@ -110,6 +113,10 @@ target-version = "py312"
 exclude = ['generated']
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
+# Preview mode is scoped: with explicit-preview-rules only rules named in
+# select run in preview, prefixes like "PL" keep their stable set.
+preview = true
+explicit-preview-rules = true
 select = [
   "B",    # flake8-bugbear
   "BLE",  # flake8-blind-except
@@ -131,6 +138,7 @@ select = [
   "PGH",  # pygrep-hooks
   "PIE",  # flake8-pie
   "PL",   # pylint
+  "PLW1514", # require explicit encoding on text file I/O (Windows defaults to cp1252)
   "PTH",  # flake8-use-pathlib
   "PYI",  # flake8-pyi
   "Q",    # flake8-quotes
@@ -151,6 +159,7 @@ ignore = [
   "PLR0912", # Too many branches ({branches} > {max_branches})
   "PLR0913", # Too many arguments to function call ({c_args} > {max_args})
   "PLR0915", # Too many statements ({statements} > {max_statements})
+  "PLR0917", # Too many positional arguments ({c_pos} > {max_pos})
   "PLW1641", # Object does not implement `__hash__` method
   "PLR2004", # Magic value used in comparison, consider replacing {value} with a constant variable
   "PLW2901", # Outer {outer_kind} variable {name} overwritten by inner {inner_kind} target
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index baa8b5efd2..de00f07836 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,32 +1,38 @@
-cryptography==49.0.0
+# cryptography 49+ ships no Intel macOS wheels (arm64 only); esptool caps <49 there.
+# Keep 48.0.1, the last universal2 release, so esphome stays installable on Intel Macs.
+cryptography==50.0.0; platform_system != "Darwin" or platform_machine != "x86_64"
+cryptography==48.0.1; platform_system == "Darwin" and platform_machine == "x86_64"
 voluptuous==0.16.0
 PyYAML==6.0.3
 paho-mqtt==1.6.1
 colorama==0.4.6
 tzlocal==5.4.4    # from time
-tzdata>=2026.2  # from time
+tzdata>=2026.3  # from time
 pyserial==3.5
 platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.3.1
 click==8.3.3
-aioesphomeapi==45.5.2
+aioesphomeapi==46.2.1
+aiohappyeyeballs==2.7.1  # Happy Eyeballs for requests downloads; already pulled in by aioesphomeapi
 zeroconf==0.150.0
 puremagic==2.2.0
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import
 ruamel.yaml.clib==0.2.15 # dashboard_import
 esphome-glyphsets==0.2.0
 pillow==12.3.0
-resvg-py==0.3.3
+resvg-py==0.4.0
 freetype-py==2.5.1
 jinja2==3.1.6
-bleak==2.1.1
-smpclient==6.0.0
+bleak==3.0.2
+smpclient==7.2.0
 requests==2.34.2
 py7zr==1.1.3
-platformdirs==4.10.0  # native esp-idf toolchain global cache dir
+platformdirs==4.11.3  # native esp-idf toolchain global cache dir
+ninja==1.13.0  # native esp8266 arduino toolchain build driver
+filelock==3.32.4  # inter-process locks (PlatformIO cache heal, git clone cache); >=3.32 for FileLock(fallback_to_soft=...), older versions silently drop the kwarg
 
 # esp-idf >= 5.0 requires this
 pyparsing >= 3.3.2
 
 # For autocompletion
-argcomplete>=3.6.3
+argcomplete>=3.7.2
diff --git a/requirements_dev.txt b/requirements_dev.txt
index 7e66c7244d..f2cf855d6b 100644
--- a/requirements_dev.txt
+++ b/requirements_dev.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Useful stuff when working in a development environment
 clang-format==13.0.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml and Dockerfile when updating
-clang-tidy==22.1.7
+clang-tidy==22.1.8
 yamllint==1.38.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index ebd93ea390..cf4b028b0e 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-pylint==4.0.6
+pylint==4.0.7
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.20  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.16.4  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-pre-commit
+prek==0.4.14  # also change in .github/workflows/ci.yml when updating
 
 # Unit tests
 pytest==9.1.1
diff --git a/script/analyze_component_buses.py b/script/analyze_component_buses.py
index 8eb80d9943..b8ee3066bd 100755
--- a/script/analyze_component_buses.py
+++ b/script/analyze_component_buses.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ COMMON_BUS_PATH = (
 # the packages on the right as well
 PACKAGE_DEPENDENCIES = {
     "modbus": ["uart"],  # modbus packages include uart packages
+    "modbus_server": ["uart"],  # modbus_server packages include uart packages
     # Add more package dependencies here as needed
 }
 
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ ISOLATED_COMPONENTS = {
     "openthread_info": "Conflicts with wifi: used by most components",
     "matrix_keypad": "Needs isolation due to keypad",
     "microphone": "Defines PDM microphone requiring I2S port 0 - conflicts with micro_wake_word PDM mic when merged",
+    "mipi_rgb": "RGB display occupies many GPIOs (including ones used by the shared i2c bus) that conflict when merged with other bus components",
     "modbus_controller": "Defines multiple modbus buses for testing client/server functionality - conflicts with package modbus bus",
     "neopixelbus": "RMT type conflict with ESP32 Arduino/ESP-IDF headers (enum vs struct rmt_channel_t)",
     "packages": "cannot merge packages",
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 451cd9ac1f..ca1c5736c8 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -475,6 +475,19 @@ TYPE_INFO: dict[int, TypeInfo] = {}
 # TYPE_DOUBLE = 1, TYPE_FIXED64 = 6, TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16, TYPE_SINT64 = 18
 UNSUPPORTED_TYPES = {1: "double", 6: "fixed64", 16: "sfixed64", 18: "sint64"}
 
+# The plaintext frame header budgets 2 varint bytes for the message type
+# (APIPlaintextFrameHelper::HEADER_PADDING), which caps message IDs at 16383.
+MAX_MESSAGE_ID = 16383
+
+
+def validate_message_id(message_id: int, message_name: str) -> None:
+    """Reject message IDs whose plaintext type varint would not fit in 2 bytes."""
+    if message_id > MAX_MESSAGE_ID:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Message ID {message_id} for {message_name} exceeds the plaintext "
+            f"2-byte type varint maximum ({MAX_MESSAGE_ID})"
+        )
+
 
 def validate_field_type(field_type: int, field_name: str = "") -> None:
     """Validate that the field type is supported by ESPHome API.
@@ -498,6 +511,15 @@ def create_field_type_info(
     needs_encode: bool = True,
 ) -> TypeInfo:
     """Create the appropriate TypeInfo instance for a field, handling repeated fields and custom options."""
+    if get_field_opt(field, pb.track_presence, False) and (
+        field.label == FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED
+        or field.type != 11
+        or not needs_decode
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"track_presence on field '{field.name}' has no effect; it requires "
+            "a non-repeated message field in a message that is decoded"
+        )
     if field.label == FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED:
         # Check if this is a packed_buffer field (zero-copy packed repeated)
         if get_field_opt(field, pb.packed_buffer, False):
@@ -541,6 +563,8 @@ def create_field_type_info(
         return PointerToStringBufferType(field, None)
 
     validate_field_type(field.type, field.name)
+    if field.type == 11:
+        return MessageType(field, needs_decode, needs_encode)
     return TYPE_INFO[field.type](field)
 
 
@@ -937,9 +961,33 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
         # runtime polymorphism through virtual function calls.
         return None
 
+    @property
+    def public_content(self) -> list[str]:
+        content = [self.class_member]
+        if self._track_presence:
+            content.append(f"bool has_{self.name}{{false}};")
+        return content
+
+    @property
+    def _track_presence(self) -> bool:
+        # Presence is only observable on the decode side
+        return self._needs_decode and get_field_opt(
+            self._field, pb.track_presence, False
+        )
+
     @property
     def decode_length_content(self) -> str:
         # Custom decode that doesn't use templates
+        if self._track_presence:
+            # decode_to_message() cannot report failure, so setting the flag
+            # afterwards only documents intent; a status-returning decode could
+            # gate it for real without touching callers.
+            return (
+                f"case {self.number}:\n"
+                f"      value.decode_to_message(this->{self.field_name});\n"
+                f"      this->has_{self.name} = true;\n"
+                f"      break;"
+            )
         return f"case {self.number}: value.decode_to_message(this->{self.field_name}); break;"
 
     def dump(self, name: str) -> str:
@@ -947,7 +995,10 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def dump_content(self) -> str:
-        o = f'out.append(2, \' \').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("{self.name}")).append(": ");\n'
+        o = ""
+        if self._track_presence:
+            o += f'dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("has_{self.name}"), this->has_{self.name});\n'
+        o += f'out.append(2, \' \').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("{self.name}")).append(": ");\n'
         o += f"this->{self.field_name}.dump_to(out);\n"
         o += 'out.append("\\n");'
         return o
@@ -2401,7 +2452,10 @@ def get_varint64_ifdef(
         # At least one 64-bit varint field is unconditional, so the guard must be unconditional.
         return True, None
     ifdefs.discard(None)
-    return True, ifdefs.pop() if len(ifdefs) == 1 else None
+    # Several guards: the define is needed under any of them, so emit the union.
+    # Falling back to unconditional would pull 64-bit varint support into builds
+    # that have none of them.
+    return True, " || ".join(sorted(ifdefs))
 
 
 def build_enum_type(desc, enum_ifdef_map) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
@@ -2508,14 +2562,10 @@ def build_message_type(
 
     # Add MESSAGE_TYPE method if this is a service message
     if message_id is not None:
-        # Validate that message_id fits in uint8_t
-        if message_id > 255:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Message ID {message_id} for {desc.name} exceeds uint8_t maximum (255)"
-            )
+        validate_message_id(message_id, desc.name)
 
         # Add static constexpr for message type
-        public_content.append(f"static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = {message_id};")
+        public_content.append(f"static constexpr uint16_t MESSAGE_TYPE = {message_id};")
 
         # Add estimated size constant
         estimated_size = calculate_message_estimated_size(desc)
@@ -3171,8 +3221,12 @@ def main() -> None:
 #include "api_pb2_includes.h"
 """
 
-    content += """
-namespace esphome::api {
+    content += f"""
+namespace esphome::api {{
+
+// Upper bound on message IDs, enforced by the code generator: the plaintext
+// frame header budgets 2 varint bytes for the type (HEADER_PADDING).
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE = {MAX_MESSAGE_ID};
 
 """
 
diff --git a/script/build_alias_registry.py b/script/build_alias_registry.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e007c075eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/build_alias_registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Generate esphome/component_aliases.py from component ALIASES declarations.
+
+Run without arguments to regenerate the registry; ``--check`` (run in CI)
+verifies it is up to date.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+# The root directory of the repo
+root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+# Make the repo's esphome package win over any installed copy
+sys.path.insert(0, str(root))
+
+from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed  # noqa: E402
+from esphome.loader import _build_alias_map  # noqa: E402
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--check",
+    help="Check if the alias registry is up to date.",
+    action="store_true",
+)
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+registry_file = root / "esphome" / "component_aliases.py"
+
+HEADER = '''"""Component alias registry.
+
+Generated by script/build_alias_registry.py - do not edit manually.
+See the component-alias section of esphome/loader.py.
+"""
+
+# alias -> (canonical component, removal version or None)
+COMPONENT_ALIASES: dict[str, tuple[str, str | None]] = {
+'''
+
+# _build_alias_map scans the real component tree and already rejects
+# duplicate and shadowing aliases with an EsphomeError.
+_, alias_meta = _build_alias_map()
+
+lines = [HEADER]
+for alias, meta in sorted(alias_meta.items()):
+    removal = f'"{meta.removal_version}"' if meta.removal_version else "None"
+    lines.append(f'    "{alias}": ("{meta.canonical}", {removal}),\n')
+lines.append("}\n")
+content = "".join(lines)
+
+if args.check:
+    if registry_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") != content:
+        print("Component alias registry is not up to date.")
+        print("Please run `script/build_alias_registry.py`")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    print("Component alias registry is up to date")
+else:
+    write_file_if_changed(registry_file, content)
+    print(f"Wrote {registry_file}")
diff --git a/script/build_codeowners.py b/script/build_codeowners.py
index 10ca1295b7..be8b445542 100755
--- a/script/build_codeowners.py
+++ b/script/build_codeowners.py
@@ -61,6 +61,13 @@ for path in components_dir.iterdir():
     codeowners[f"esphome/components/{name}/*"].extend(comp.codeowners)
 
     for platform_path in path.iterdir():
+        if platform_path.name == "__init__.py":
+            # `import pkg.__init__` is valid but distinct from `import pkg`: it re-executes
+            # the component's __init__.py as a second, separate module. That's harmless for
+            # components whose top-level code is idempotent, but not guaranteed in general
+            # (e.g. code that registers into a global registry with a duplicate check), so
+            # never treat __init__.py itself as a platform candidate.
+            continue
         platform_name = platform_path.stem
         platform = get_platform(platform_name, name)
         if platform is None:
diff --git a/script/build_helpers.py b/script/build_helpers.py
index 50830c221e..b4b25924c3 100644
--- a/script/build_helpers.py
+++ b/script/build_helpers.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
-from helpers import get_all_dependencies, root_path as _root_path
+from helpers import get_all_dependencies, has_cpp_unit_tests, root_path as _root_path
 import yaml
 
 # Ensure the repo root is on sys.path so that ``tests.testing_helpers`` and
@@ -131,14 +131,11 @@ def filter_components_with_files(components: list[str], tests_dir: Path) -> list
     """
     filtered_components: list[str] = []
     for component in components:
-        test_dir = tests_dir / component
-        if test_dir.is_dir() and (
-            any(test_dir.glob("*.cpp")) or any(test_dir.glob("*.h"))
-        ):
+        if has_cpp_unit_tests(component, tests_dir):
             filtered_components.append(component)
         else:
             print(
-                f"WARNING: No files found for component '{component}' in {test_dir}, skipping.",
+                f"WARNING: No files found for component '{component}' in {tests_dir / component}, skipping.",
                 file=sys.stderr,
             )
     return filtered_components
diff --git a/script/build_language_schema.py b/script/build_language_schema.py
index 974957245a..91c1de00cd 100755
--- a/script/build_language_schema.py
+++ b/script/build_language_schema.py
@@ -250,6 +250,16 @@ def add_pin_validators():
         "modes": ["input"],
     }
 
+    from esphome.components import gpio_expander
+
+    # Wraps pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema, so the editor schema must keep
+    # treating the config var as a pin
+    pin_validators[repr(gpio_expander.validate_interrupt_pin)] = {
+        "schema": True,
+        "internal": True,
+        "modes": ["input"],
+    }
+
 
 def add_module_registries(domain, module):
     for attr_name in dir(module):
@@ -390,16 +400,6 @@ def fix_mapping():
     output["mapping"][S_SCHEMAS][S_CONFIG_SCHEMA] = config
 
 
-def fix_image():
-    if "image" not in output:
-        return
-    from esphome.components.image import IMAGE_SCHEMA
-
-    config = convert_config(IMAGE_SCHEMA, "image/CONFIG_SCHEMA")
-    config["is_list"] = True
-    output["image"][S_SCHEMAS][S_CONFIG_SCHEMA] = config
-
-
 def fix_menu():
     if "display_menu_base" not in output:
         return
@@ -763,7 +763,6 @@ def build_schema():
     fix_font()
     fix_globals()
     fix_mapping()
-    fix_image()
     add_logger_tags()
     shrink()
     fix_menu()
@@ -785,6 +784,29 @@ def build_schema():
     # bundle core inside esphome
     data["esphome"]["core"] = data.pop("core")["core"]
 
+    # Surface deprecated component aliases (declared via ``ALIASES = [...]``
+    # on the canonical component) so language servers / dashboard
+    # autocomplete still accept legacy top-level keys instead of flagging
+    # them as unknown. Each alias gets its own bundle that mirrors the
+    # canonical schema; ``alias_of`` and the optional ``removal_version``
+    # metadata let consumers render a deprecation hint and point users at
+    # the canonical name. Without this, configs migrated only at runtime
+    # (via the ``_resolve_component_aliases`` pre-pass) would still light
+    # up as errors in the editor.
+    for domain, manifest in components.items():
+        aliases = manifest.aliases
+        if not aliases or domain not in data:
+            continue
+        canonical_bundle = data[domain].get(domain)
+        if canonical_bundle is None:
+            continue
+        for alias in aliases:
+            alias_entry = dict(canonical_bundle)
+            alias_entry["alias_of"] = domain
+            if manifest.alias_removal_version is not None:
+                alias_entry["removal_version"] = manifest.alias_removal_version
+            data[alias] = {alias: alias_entry}
+
     if GENERATED_ID_TYPES:
         print(
             "Unconsumed id_type matchers:",
@@ -1122,13 +1144,29 @@ def convert_keys(converted, schema, path):
         else:
             converted["key"] = "String"
             key_string_match = re.search(
-                r"<function (\w*) at \w*>", str(k), re.IGNORECASE
+                r"<function ([^ ]+) at \w+>", str(k), re.IGNORECASE
             )
             if key_string_match:
                 converted["key_type"] = key_string_match.group(1)
             else:
                 converted["key_type"] = str(k)
 
+        # A marker-wrapped callable key (e.g. script.execute's
+        # ``cv.Optional(validate_parameter_name)``) is a wildcard matcher;
+        # ``str(marker)`` is the function repr, whose heap address would
+        # churn the dump every build. Normalize like the bare-callable
+        # branch above: record the validator name in ``key_type`` and file
+        # the config var under ``string``.
+        key_name = str(k)
+        if isinstance(k, vol.Marker) and callable(k.schema):
+            key_string_match = re.search(
+                r"<function ([^ ]+) at \w+>", key_name, re.IGNORECASE
+            )
+            result["key_type"] = (
+                key_string_match.group(1) if key_string_match else key_name
+            )
+            key_name = "string"
+
         # ``cv.OnlyWith`` / ``cv.OnlyWithout`` expose ``default`` as
         # a property that returns ``vol.UNDEFINED`` when the gating
         # component isn't loaded — and at schema-generation time
@@ -1208,7 +1246,7 @@ def convert_keys(converted, schema, path):
         for base_k, base_v in get_overridden_config(k, converted).items():
             if base_k in result and base_v == result[base_k]:
                 result.pop(base_k)
-        converted["schema"][S_CONFIG_VARS][str(k)] = result
+        converted["schema"][S_CONFIG_VARS][key_name] = result
         if "key" in converted and converted["key"] == "String":
             config_vars = converted["schema"]["config_vars"]
             assert len(config_vars) == 1
diff --git a/script/check_import_time.py b/script/check_import_time.py
index 0d5362c968..0f2b395902 100755
--- a/script/check_import_time.py
+++ b/script/check_import_time.py
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def cmd_update(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
 
 
 def cmd_har_only(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
-    Path(args.har).write_text(run_waterfall(TARGET_MODULE))
+    Path(args.har).write_text(run_waterfall(TARGET_MODULE), encoding="utf-8")
     print(f"Wrote waterfall HAR to {args.har}")
     return 0
 
diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 4568732b88..2d2da20995 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -345,9 +345,11 @@ def lint_const_ordered(fname, content):
                 (
                     mi,
                     1,
-                    f"Constant {highlight(mline)} is not ordered, please make sure all "
-                    f"constants are ordered. See line {mi} (should go to line {target}, "
-                    f"{target_text})",
+                    (
+                        f"Constant {highlight(mline)} is not ordered, please make sure all "
+                        f"constants are ordered. See line {mi} (should go to line {target}, "
+                        f"{target_text})"
+                    ),
                 )
             )
     return errs
@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@ def lint_constants_usage():
 # Maximum allowed CONF_ constants in esphome/const.py.
 # This file is frozen — new constants go in esphome/components/const/__init__.py.
 # Decrease this number when constants are moved out of const.py.
-CONST_PY_MAX_CONF = 1014
+CONST_PY_MAX_CONF = 1017
 
 
 @lint_content_check(include=["esphome/const.py"])
@@ -621,6 +623,9 @@ def convert_path_to_relative(abspath, current):
         "esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py",
         # const.py has absolute import in docstring example for external components
         "esphome/components/esp8266/const.py",
+        # rp2040/__init__.py is the deprecation shim that documents the canonical
+        # rp2 module path and its own legacy import paths in docstrings/comments.
+        "esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py",
     ],
 )
 def lint_relative_py_import(fname: Path, line, col, content):
@@ -650,13 +655,13 @@ def lint_relative_py_import(fname: Path, line, col, content):
         "esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp.h",
         "esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp",
         "esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp",
-        "esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp",
+        "esphome/components/rp2/core.cpp",
         "esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp",
         "esphome/components/host/core.cpp",
         "esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp",
         "esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp",
         "esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp",
-        "esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp",
+        "esphome/components/rp2/helpers.cpp",
         "esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp",
         "esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp",
         "esphome/components/zephyr/helpers.cpp",
@@ -987,12 +992,14 @@ def lint_log_multiline_continuation(fname, content):
                 (
                     lineno,
                     col,
-                    "Multi-line log message has a continuation line that does "
-                    "not start with a space. The log viewer uses leading "
-                    "whitespace to detect continuation lines and re-add the "
-                    f"log tag prefix (e.g. {highlight('[C][component:042]:')}).\n"
-                    "Either start the continuation with a space/indent, or "
-                    "split into separate ESP_LOG* calls.",
+                    (
+                        "Multi-line log message has a continuation line that does "
+                        "not start with a space. The log viewer uses leading "
+                        "whitespace to detect continuation lines and re-add the "
+                        f"log tag prefix (e.g. {highlight('[C][component:042]:')}).\n"
+                        "Either start the continuation with a space/indent, or "
+                        "split into separate ESP_LOG* calls."
+                    ),
                 )
             )
     return errs
@@ -1070,10 +1077,12 @@ def lint_test_package_key_matches_bus(fname, content):
                 (
                     lineno,
                     1,
-                    f"Package key {highlight(pkg_key)} does not match bus directory "
-                    f"{highlight(bus_dir)}. The package key must match the directory "
-                    f"name under tests/test_build_components/common/. "
-                    f"Change {highlight(pkg_key)} to {highlight(bus_dir)}.",
+                    (
+                        f"Package key {highlight(pkg_key)} does not match bus directory "
+                        f"{highlight(bus_dir)}. The package key must match the directory "
+                        f"name under tests/test_build_components/common/. "
+                        f"Change {highlight(pkg_key)} to {highlight(bus_dir)}."
+                    ),
                 )
             )
     return errs
diff --git a/script/ci_check_test_fixture_list_form.py b/script/ci_check_test_fixture_list_form.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6da1f8337d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/ci_check_test_fixture_list_form.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Fail when a test fixture writes a platform-list domain as a single dict.
+
+Component tests are merged and built in groups in CI (see
+``script/merge_component_configs.py``). ESPHome's ``merge_config`` concatenates
+two lists, but when one side is a dict it replaces the other side wholesale
+(``esphome/config_helpers.py``). A domain such as ``one_wire:`` or ``ota:``
+written in single-dict form therefore deletes every entry other components
+contributed to that domain before it in the merge, and is itself deleted by any
+list that merges after it. The resulting failure only appears when the affected
+components land in the same group -- usually a full component matrix run on an
+unrelated PR long after the fixture was written (this is what broke the
+dallas_temp tests when ds2484 was added, see #17868).
+
+This guard scans every fixture under ``tests/components/`` and rejects any
+top-level domain written as a dict with a ``platform`` key. Such a domain is by
+definition a platform list (single-dict form is only user-config sugar), so the
+fix is always to write it as a one-element list:
+
+    one_wire:
+      - platform: gpio
+        pin: 4
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError  # noqa: E402
+from script.analyze_component_buses import ISOLATED_COMPONENTS  # noqa: E402
+from script.merge_component_configs import load_yaml_file  # noqa: E402
+
+# Resolved relative to this file (not the CWD) so the scan cannot silently cover
+# nothing when run from a different directory.
+ROOT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+TESTS_DIR = ROOT_DIR / "tests" / "components"
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    offenders: list[str] = []
+    parse_errors: list[str] = []
+    fixtures_scanned = 0
+
+    for fixture in sorted(TESTS_DIR.glob("*/*.yaml")):
+        # Isolated components are never merged with others, so dict form
+        # cannot clobber anyone there.
+        if fixture.parent.name in ISOLATED_COMPONENTS:
+            continue
+        try:
+            data = load_yaml_file(fixture)
+        except EsphomeError as err:
+            parse_errors.append(f"{fixture.relative_to(ROOT_DIR)}: {err}")
+            continue
+        fixtures_scanned += 1
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            continue
+        for key, value in data.items():
+            if isinstance(value, dict) and "platform" in value:
+                offenders.append(f"{fixture.relative_to(ROOT_DIR)}: '{key}:'")
+
+    if offenders:
+        print("Test fixtures with platform domains in single-dict form:\n")
+        for line in offenders:
+            print(f"  - {line}")
+        print(
+            "\nWrite the domain as a one-element list ('- platform: ...') so "
+            "grouped CI builds can merge it with other components' entries; "
+            "in dict form it replaces or is replaced by their lists wholesale."
+        )
+
+    if parse_errors:
+        # A fixture we could not parse was never scanned, so the run is not a
+        # clean pass even if no offenders were found among the rest.
+        print(
+            f"\n{len(parse_errors)} test fixture(s) could not be parsed and "
+            "were not checked:"
+        )
+        for line in parse_errors:
+            print(f"  - {line}")
+
+    if fixtures_scanned == 0:
+        # A scan that covered nothing is a false green -- the whole point of the
+        # guard is defeated. Fail loudly (wrong working directory or layout change).
+        print(
+            f"\nERROR: scanned 0 test fixtures under {TESTS_DIR}; "
+            "the guard covered nothing.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+
+    if offenders or parse_errors or fixtures_scanned == 0:
+        return 1
+
+    print(
+        f"No single-dict platform domains found ({fixtures_scanned} fixtures scanned)."
+    )
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py b/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
index 0908b99595..33ca84d76c 100755
--- a/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
+++ b/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
@@ -20,17 +20,21 @@ from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 
 # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
+from helpers import run_gh_command  # noqa: E402
 
 # Comment marker to identify our memory impact comments
 COMMENT_MARKER = "<!-- esphome-memory-impact-analysis -->"
 
 
-def run_gh_command(args: list[str], operation: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
-    """Run a gh CLI command with error handling.
+def run_gh_command_logged(
+    args: list[str], operation: str, *, retry: bool = True
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    """Run a gh CLI command with retries and error reporting.
 
     Args:
         args: Command arguments (including 'gh')
         operation: Description of the operation for error messages
+        retry: Pass False for non-idempotent commands (see run_gh_command)
 
     Returns:
         CompletedProcess result
@@ -39,12 +43,7 @@ def run_gh_command(args: list[str], operation: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProce
         subprocess.CalledProcessError: If command fails (with detailed error output)
     """
     try:
-        return subprocess.run(
-            args,
-            check=True,
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-        )
+        return run_gh_command(args, retry=retry)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
         print(
             f"ERROR: {operation} failed with exit code {e.returncode}", file=sys.stderr
@@ -472,7 +471,7 @@ def find_existing_comment(pr_number: str) -> str | None:
     print(f"DEBUG: Looking for existing comment on PR #{pr_number}", file=sys.stderr)
 
     # Use gh api to get comments directly - this returns the numeric id field
-    result = run_gh_command(
+    result = run_gh_command_logged(
         [
             "gh",
             "api",
@@ -535,7 +534,7 @@ def update_existing_comment(comment_id: str, comment_body: str) -> None:
     """
     print(f"DEBUG: Updating existing comment {comment_id}", file=sys.stderr)
     print(f"DEBUG: Comment body length: {len(comment_body)} bytes", file=sys.stderr)
-    result = run_gh_command(
+    result = run_gh_command_logged(
         [
             "gh",
             "api",
@@ -562,9 +561,12 @@ def create_new_comment(pr_number: str, comment_body: str) -> None:
     """
     print(f"DEBUG: Posting new comment on PR #{pr_number}", file=sys.stderr)
     print(f"DEBUG: Comment body length: {len(comment_body)} bytes", file=sys.stderr)
-    result = run_gh_command(
+    # Creating a comment is not idempotent: a retry after a dropped response
+    # could post the same comment twice, so fail on the first error instead.
+    result = run_gh_command_logged(
         ["gh", "pr", "comment", pr_number, "--body", comment_body],
         operation="Create PR comment",
+        retry=False,
     )
     print(f"DEBUG: Post response: {result.stdout}", file=sys.stderr)
 
diff --git a/script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py b/script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py
index feacc2b1af..2d74362169 100755
--- a/script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py
+++ b/script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Extract memory usage statistics from ESPHome build output.
 
-This script parses the PlatformIO build output to extract RAM and flash
-usage statistics for a compiled component. It's used by the CI workflow to
+This script parses the build output to extract RAM and flash usage
+statistics for a compiled component. It's used by the CI workflow to
 compare memory usage between branches.
 
 The script reads compile output from stdin and looks for the standard
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ PlatformIO output format:
     RAM:   [====      ]  36.1% (used 29548 bytes from 81920 bytes)
     Flash: [===       ]  34.0% (used 348511 bytes from 1023984 bytes)
 
+or the linker memory usage table printed by Zephyr native builds
+(e.g. nRF52 with the sdk-nrf toolchain):
+    Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
+               FLASH:       90624 B       796 KB     11.12%
+                 RAM:       22432 B       256 KB      8.56%
+            IDT_LIST:          0 GB        32 KB      0.00%
+
 Optionally performs detailed memory analysis if a build directory is provided.
 """
 
@@ -26,6 +33,11 @@ sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 
 # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
 from esphome.analyze_memory import MemoryAnalyzer
+from esphome.analyze_memory.toolchain import (
+    find_elf_path,
+    find_idedata_path,
+    idedata_candidates,
+)
 from esphome.platformio.toolchain import IDEData
 from script.ci_helpers import write_github_output
 
@@ -34,20 +46,43 @@ _RAM_PATTERN = re.compile(r"RAM:\s+\[.*?\]\s+\d+\.\d+%\s+\(used\s+(\d+)\s+bytes"
 _FLASH_PATTERN = re.compile(r"Flash:\s+\[.*?\]\s+\d+\.\d+%\s+\(used\s+(\d+)\s+bytes")
 _BUILD_PATH_PATTERN = re.compile(r"Build path: (.+)")
 
+# Zephyr native builds print the GNU ld --print-memory-usage table instead of
+# the PlatformIO summary. Only the FLASH and RAM regions are real memory
+# (IDT_LIST is a build-time pseudo-region discarded from the final image).
+# Each cell is humanized to the largest unit that divides evenly, so used
+# sizes are not always plain bytes (zero prints as "0 GB").
+_ZEPHYR_RAM_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"^\s*RAM:\s+(\d+)\s*([KMG]?B)\s+\d+\s*[KMG]?B\s+\d+\.\d+%", re.MULTILINE
+)
+_ZEPHYR_FLASH_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"^\s*FLASH:\s+(\d+)\s*([KMG]?B)\s+\d+\s*[KMG]?B\s+\d+\.\d+%", re.MULTILINE
+)
+_ZEPHYR_UNIT_MULTIPLIERS = {"B": 1, "KB": 1024, "MB": 1024**2, "GB": 1024**3}
+
+
+def _zephyr_bytes(matches: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> int:
+    """Sum humanized (value, unit) pairs from the Zephyr memory table."""
+    return sum(int(value) * _ZEPHYR_UNIT_MULTIPLIERS[unit] for value, unit in matches)
+
 
 def extract_from_compile_output(
     output_text: str,
 ) -> tuple[int | None, int | None, str | None]:
-    """Extract memory usage and build directory from PlatformIO compile output.
+    """Extract memory usage and build directory from compile output.
 
     Supports multiple builds (for component groups or isolated components).
     When test_build_components.py creates multiple builds, this sums the
     memory usage across all builds.
 
-    Looks for lines like:
+    Looks for PlatformIO lines like:
         RAM:   [====      ]  36.1% (used 29548 bytes from 81920 bytes)
         Flash: [===       ]  34.0% (used 348511 bytes from 1023984 bytes)
 
+    and Zephyr (native west build) linker table rows like:
+        Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
+                   FLASH:       90624 B       796 KB     11.12%
+                     RAM:       22432 B       256 KB      8.56%
+
     Also extracts build directory from lines like:
         INFO Compiling app... Build path: /path/to/build
 
@@ -61,12 +96,20 @@ def extract_from_compile_output(
     ram_matches = _RAM_PATTERN.findall(output_text)
     flash_matches = _FLASH_PATTERN.findall(output_text)
 
-    if not ram_matches or not flash_matches:
+    # Zephyr native builds print the linker memory table instead
+    zephyr_ram_matches = _ZEPHYR_RAM_PATTERN.findall(output_text)
+    zephyr_flash_matches = _ZEPHYR_FLASH_PATTERN.findall(output_text)
+
+    if not (ram_matches or zephyr_ram_matches) or not (
+        flash_matches or zephyr_flash_matches
+    ):
         return None, None, None
 
     # Sum all builds (handles multiple component groups)
     total_ram = sum(int(match) for match in ram_matches)
     total_flash = sum(int(match) for match in flash_matches)
+    total_ram += _zephyr_bytes(zephyr_ram_matches)
+    total_flash += _zephyr_bytes(zephyr_flash_matches)
 
     # Extract build directory from ESPHome's explicit build path output
     # Look for: INFO Compiling app... Build path: /path/to/build
@@ -92,53 +135,31 @@ def run_detailed_analysis(build_dir: str) -> dict | None:
         print(f"Build directory not found: {build_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
         return None
 
-    # Find firmware.elf (or raw_firmware.elf for LibreTiny)
-    elf_path = None
-    for elf_candidate in [
-        build_path / "firmware.elf",
-        build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "firmware.elf",
-        # LibreTiny uses raw_firmware.elf
-        build_path / "raw_firmware.elf",
-        build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "raw_firmware.elf",
-    ]:
-        if elf_candidate.exists():
-            elf_path = str(elf_candidate)
-            break
-
+    elf_path = find_elf_path(build_path)
     if not elf_path:
-        print(
-            f"firmware.elf/raw_firmware.elf not found in {build_dir}", file=sys.stderr
-        )
+        print(f"No firmware ELF found in {build_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
         return None
 
-    # Find idedata.json - check multiple locations
-    device_name = build_path.name
-    idedata_candidates = [
-        # In .pioenvs for test builds
-        build_path / ".pioenvs" / device_name / "idedata.json",
-        # In .esphome/idedata for regular builds
-        Path.home() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{device_name}.json",
-        # Check parent directories for .esphome/idedata (for test_build_components)
-        build_path.parent.parent.parent / "idedata" / f"{device_name}.json",
-    ]
-
     idedata = None
-    for idedata_path in idedata_candidates:
-        if not idedata_path.exists():
-            continue
+    if idedata_path := find_idedata_path(build_path):
         try:
             with idedata_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 raw_data = json.load(f)
             idedata = IDEData(raw_data)
             print(f"Loaded idedata from: {idedata_path}", file=sys.stderr)
-            break
         except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as e:
             print(
                 f"Warning: Failed to load idedata from {idedata_path}: {e}",
                 file=sys.stderr,
             )
+    else:
+        # Without idedata the analyzer falls back to whatever binutils are on
+        # PATH, which are the wrong architecture for a cross build, so say where
+        # we looked rather than let the results quietly get worse.
+        searched = "\n  ".join(str(p) for p in idedata_candidates(build_path))
+        print(f"Warning: idedata not found, searched:\n  {searched}", file=sys.stderr)
 
-    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzer(elf_path, idedata=idedata)
+    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzer(str(elf_path), idedata=idedata)
     components = analyzer.analyze()
 
     # Convert to JSON-serializable format
@@ -202,20 +223,23 @@ def main() -> int:
     )
 
     if ram_bytes is None or flash_bytes is None:
-        print("Failed to extract memory usage from compile output", file=sys.stderr)
-        print("Expected lines like:", file=sys.stderr)
         print(
-            "  RAM:   [====      ]  36.1% (used 29548 bytes from 81920 bytes)",
-            file=sys.stderr,
-        )
-        print(
-            "  Flash: [===       ]  34.0% (used 348511 bytes from 1023984 bytes)",
+            "Failed to extract memory usage from compile output\n"
+            "Expected lines like:\n"
+            "  RAM:   [====      ]  36.1% (used 29548 bytes from 81920 bytes)\n"
+            "  Flash: [===       ]  34.0% (used 348511 bytes from 1023984 bytes)\n"
+            "or a Zephyr linker memory usage table like:\n"
+            "  Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used\n"
+            "             FLASH:       90624 B       796 KB     11.12%\n"
+            "               RAM:       22432 B       256 KB      8.56%",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         return 1
 
     # Count how many builds were found
-    num_builds = len(_RAM_PATTERN.findall(compile_output))
+    num_builds = len(_RAM_PATTERN.findall(compile_output)) + len(
+        _ZEPHYR_RAM_PATTERN.findall(compile_output)
+    )
 
     if num_builds > 1:
         print(
@@ -245,7 +269,7 @@ def main() -> int:
     if args.output_build_dir and build_dir:
         build_dir_path = Path(args.output_build_dir)
         build_dir_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        build_dir_path.write_text(build_dir)
+        build_dir_path.write_text(build_dir, encoding="utf-8")
         print(f"Wrote build directory to {args.output_build_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
 
     # Run detailed analysis if build directory available
@@ -279,6 +303,19 @@ def main() -> int:
     else:
         print(f"{ram_bytes},{flash_bytes}")
 
+    # The build produced usable totals, so a missing detailed analysis means the
+    # build layout moved out from under this script rather than a broken build.
+    # Fail loudly: the comment would otherwise silently drop the component
+    # breakdown and the symbol tables, which is easy to miss for a long time.
+    if detailed_analysis is None:
+        print(
+            "::error::Detailed memory analysis unavailable even though the build "
+            f"succeeded (build directory: {build_dir or 'not detected'}). The PR "
+            "comment would be missing its component breakdown and symbol changes.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        return 1
+
     return 0
 
 
diff --git a/script/clang-tidy b/script/clang-tidy
index 1416b9b332..ad6c99d637 100755
--- a/script/clang-tidy
+++ b/script/clang-tidy
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import queue
 import re
+import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import threading
+from typing import Any
 
 import click
 import colorama
@@ -29,7 +31,37 @@ from helpers import (
 )
 
 
-def clang_options(idedata):
+def gcc_multilib_directory(idedata: dict[str, Any]) -> str | None:
+    """The toolchain's active multilib subdirectory (e.g. "thumb"), if any.
+
+    PlatformIO's idedata lists the generic toolchain include directories; GCC
+    resolves the active multilib subdirectory internally while searching them.
+    Toolchains without a default multilib (pico-quick-toolchain 5.0.0+) ship
+    the libstdc++ target config (bits/c++config.h) only inside the multilib
+    subdirectories, so clang needs the resolved directory spelled out.
+    """
+    machine_flags = [f for f in idedata["cxx_flags"] if f.startswith("-m")]
+    cmd = [idedata["cxx_path"], *machine_flags, "-print-multi-directory"]
+    try:
+        multilib = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        ).stdout.strip()
+    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError) as err:
+        # Without the multilib dir, toolchains lacking a default multilib fail
+        # later with "bits/c++config.h not found"; point at the probe instead.
+        stderr = getattr(err, "stderr", "") or ""
+        print(
+            f"WARNING: multilib probe failed ({shlex.join(cmd)}): {err} {stderr}".strip(),
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        return None
+    return None if multilib in ("", ".") else multilib
+
+
+def clang_options(idedata, environment):
     cmd = []
 
     # extract target architecture from triplet in g++ filename
@@ -74,6 +106,8 @@ def clang_options(idedata):
         "-fno-jump-tables",
         "-fno-shrink-wrap",
         "-mno-target-align",
+        # GCC-only flag emitted by the LibreTiny build
+        "-mthumb-interwork",
     )
 
     if "zephyr" in triplet:
@@ -95,30 +129,59 @@ def clang_options(idedata):
         [
             # disable built-in include directories from the host
             "-nostdinc",
-            # replace pgmspace.h, as it uses GNU extensions clang doesn't support
-            # https://github.com/earlephilhower/newlib-xtensa/pull/18
-            "-D_PGMSPACE_H_",
-            "-Dpgm_read_byte(s)=(*(const uint8_t *)(s))",
-            "-Dpgm_read_byte_near(s)=(*(const uint8_t *)(s))",
-            "-Dpgm_read_word(s)=(*(const uint16_t *)(s))",
-            "-Dpgm_read_dword(s)=(*(const uint32_t *)(s))",
-            "-Dpgm_read_ptr(s)=(*(const void *const *)(s))",
-            "-DPROGMEM=",
-            "-DPGM_P=const char *",
-            "-DPSTR(s)=(s)",
-            # this next one is also needed with upstream pgmspace.h
-            # suppress warning about identifier naming in expansion of this macro
-            "-DPSTRN(s, n)=(s)",
-            # suppress warning about attribute cannot be applied to type
-            # https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/pull/8258
-            "-Ddeprecated(x)=",
             # allow to condition code on the presence of clang-tidy
             "-DCLANG_TIDY",
             # (esp-idf) Fix __once_callable in some libstdc++ headers
             "-D_GLIBCXX_HAVE_TLS",
+            # suppress warning about attribute cannot be applied to type
+            # https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/pull/8258
+            # also keeps deprecation diagnostics consistent across environments
+            "-Ddeprecated(x)=",
         ]
     )
 
+    if environment.startswith("rp2"):
+        # clang's ARM backend doesn't know GCC's long_call attribute (IRAM_ATTR)
+        cmd.append("-Wno-unknown-attributes")
+    elif environment.startswith(("bk72xx", "ln882h", "rtl87xx")):
+        cmd.extend(
+            [
+                # GCC on arm-none-eabi types (u)int32_t as (unsigned) long; clang
+                # types it as (unsigned) int, clashing with LibreTiny's lwip
+                # port typedefs. Match the GCC type model.
+                "-U__UINT32_TYPE__",
+                "-D__UINT32_TYPE__=long unsigned int",
+                "-U__INT32_TYPE__",
+                "-D__INT32_TYPE__=long int",
+                # newlib's machine/endian.h macroizes __bswap16 into
+                # __builtin_bswap16; the beken BDK then defines __bswap16 as a
+                # function, which GCC tolerates as a builtin redeclaration but
+                # clang rejects
+                "-D__MACHINE_ENDIAN_H__",
+            ]
+        )
+    else:
+        # replace pgmspace.h, as it uses GNU extensions clang doesn't support
+        # https://github.com/earlephilhower/newlib-xtensa/pull/18
+        # arduino-pico ships clang-parseable pgmspace inline functions, so the
+        # replacements are skipped there (they clash with those definitions).
+        cmd.extend(
+            [
+                "-D_PGMSPACE_H_",
+                "-Dpgm_read_byte(s)=(*(const uint8_t *)(s))",
+                "-Dpgm_read_byte_near(s)=(*(const uint8_t *)(s))",
+                "-Dpgm_read_word(s)=(*(const uint16_t *)(s))",
+                "-Dpgm_read_dword(s)=(*(const uint32_t *)(s))",
+                "-Dpgm_read_ptr(s)=(*(const void *const *)(s))",
+                "-DPROGMEM=",
+                "-DPGM_P=const char *",
+                "-DPSTR(s)=(s)",
+                # this next one is also needed with upstream pgmspace.h
+                # suppress warning about identifier naming in expansion of this macro
+                "-DPSTRN(s, n)=(s)",
+            ]
+        )
+
     # Copy compiler flags, dropping: ones clang doesn't understand; -Werror*
     # (clang-tidy enforces .clang-tidy's WarningsAsErrors, and a build -Werror
     # would bypass the -clang-diagnostic-* suppressions); and -std= (the native
@@ -142,17 +205,46 @@ def clang_options(idedata):
     )
     cmd.append("-std=gnu++20")
 
-    # defines
-    cmd.extend(f"-D{define}" for define in idedata["defines"])
+    if environment.startswith(("bk72xx", "ln882h", "rtl87xx")):
+        # LibreTiny leaves function-like macro values unparenthesized
+        # (bugprone-macro-parentheses); its SDK-internal FAL_PART_TABLE macro trips the same
+        # check. Assumes define values are always expressions (never type- or char-literal),
+        # which holds for the current LibreTiny idedata.
+        def sanitize_define(define):
+            name, sep, value = define.partition("=")
+            if (
+                sep
+                and value
+                and not value.startswith(("(", '"'))
+                and ("(" in name or not re.fullmatch(r"[\w.]+", value))
+            ):
+                value = f"({value})"
+            return f"-D{name}{sep}{value}"
 
-    # add toolchain include directories using -isystem to suppress their errors
+        # FAL_PART_TABLE and the delay() remap are library-scope LibreTiny flags that the real
+        # build never applies to esphome sources. Strip LibreTiny's shell quoting from define
+        # names first so the skip list matches regardless of which names it happens to quote.
+        for define in idedata["defines"]:
+            define = define.replace("'", "")
+            if define.startswith(("FAL_PART_TABLE", "delay(")):
+                continue
+            cmd.append(sanitize_define(define))
+    else:
+        cmd.extend(f"-D{define}" for define in idedata["defines"])
+
+    # toolchain include directories, using -isystem to suppress their errors
     # idedata contains include directories for all toolchains of this platform, only use those from the one in use
     toolchain_dir = os.path.normpath(f"{idedata['cxx_path']}/../../")
+    multilib = gcc_multilib_directory(idedata)
+    toolchain_includes = []
     for directory in idedata["includes"]["toolchain"]:
         if directory.startswith(toolchain_dir) and "picolibc" not in directory:
-            cmd.extend(["-isystem", directory])
+            if multilib and (multilib_dir := Path(directory) / multilib).is_dir():
+                toolchain_includes.extend(["-isystem", str(multilib_dir)])
+            toolchain_includes.extend(["-isystem", directory])
 
-    # add library include directories using -isystem to suppress their errors
+    # library include directories, using -isystem to suppress their errors
+    build_includes = []
     for directory in list(idedata["includes"]["build"]):
         # skip our own directories, we add those later
         if (
@@ -166,7 +258,16 @@ def clang_options(idedata):
             )
             or (directory.startswith(f"{root_path}") and "/.pio/" in directory)
         ):
-            cmd.extend(["-isystem", directory])
+            build_includes.extend(["-isystem", directory])
+
+    if "zephyr" in triplet:
+        # Zephyr's POSIX layer shadows libc headers (sys/select.h, ...) with
+        # coherently-guarded versions; the real build searches the Zephyr
+        # include dirs before the toolchain's, and the shadowed headers clash
+        # (e.g. newlib's sigset_t vs Zephyr's) in the opposite order.
+        cmd.extend(build_includes + toolchain_includes)
+    else:
+        cmd.extend(toolchain_includes + build_includes)
 
     # add the esphome include directory using -I
     cmd.extend(["-I", root_path])
@@ -196,6 +297,16 @@ def run_tidy(executable, args, options, tmpdir, path_queue, lock, failed_files):
         if sys.stdout.isatty():
             invocation.append("--use-color")
 
+        if args.environment.startswith(("rp2", "bk72xx", "ln882h", "rtl87xx")):
+            # MMIO peripheral access on these bare-metal platforms is all
+            # fixed-address.
+            # bugprone-pointer-arithmetic-on-polymorphic-object (and its
+            # cert-ctr56-cpp alias) crashes clang-tidy 22 with infinite matcher
+            # recursion on lvgl_esphome.h under the RP2 defines.
+            invocation.append(
+                "--checks=-clang-analyzer-core.FixedAddressDereference,"
+                "-bugprone-pointer-arithmetic-on-polymorphic-object,-cert-ctr56-cpp"
+            )
         invocation.append(f"--header-filter={Path(basepath).resolve()}/.*")
         invocation.append(str(Path(path).resolve()))
         invocation.append("--")
@@ -340,7 +451,7 @@ def main():
 
     # Load idedata and options only if we have files to check
     idedata = load_idedata(args.environment)
-    options = clang_options(idedata)
+    options = clang_options(idedata, args.environment)
 
     tmpdir = None
     if args.fix:
@@ -407,7 +518,9 @@ def main():
             print("Error applying fixes.\n", file=sys.stderr)
             raise
 
-    return len(failed_files)
+    # Cap at 255: shells truncate exit codes to one byte, so 256 failures
+    # would otherwise report success
+    return min(len(failed_files), 255)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/script/clang_tidy_hash.py b/script/clang_tidy_hash.py
index 00bcaf45b0..f4fd5a4dff 100644
--- a/script/clang_tidy_hash.py
+++ b/script/clang_tidy_hash.py
@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@ from pathlib import Path
 # Root-relative paths whose contents affect clang-tidy results.
 CLANG_TIDY_GLOBAL_FILES = (
     ".clang-tidy",
+    "script/clang-tidy",
     "platformio.ini",
     "requirements_dev.txt",
     "esphome/idf_component.yml",
+    "esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py",
+    "esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py",
 )
 
 # sdkconfig.defaults and per-target sdkconfig.defaults.<target> files flip the
diff --git a/script/determine-jobs.py b/script/determine-jobs.py
index af3e83f96b..2bdf7807a9 100755
--- a/script/determine-jobs.py
+++ b/script/determine-jobs.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ what files have changed. It outputs JSON with the following structure:
 }
 
 The CI workflow uses this information to:
-- Gate the unconditional jobs (ci-custom, pytest, pre-commit-ci-lite) via core_ci;
+- Gate the unconditional jobs (ci-custom, pytest, lint-format) via core_ci;
   false when a pull_request only touches CI-irrelevant meta paths (other workflow
   files, .github/actions/build-image/*, .yamllint, .github/dependabot.yml, docker/**)
   so workflow-only PRs satisfy the required CI Status check without running the
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ from helpers import (
     CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
     ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH,
     PYTHON_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+    base_python_changed,
     changed_files,
     core_changed,
-    filter_component_and_test_cpp_files,
     filter_component_and_test_files,
     get_changed_components,
     get_component_from_path,
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ class Platform(StrEnum):
     BK72XX_ARD = "bk72xx-ard"  # LibreTiny BK7231N
     RTL87XX_ARD = "rtl87xx-ard"  # LibreTiny RTL8720x
     LN882X_ARD = "ln882x-ard"  # LibreTiny LN882x
-    RP2040_ARD = "rp2040-ard"  # Raspberry Pi Pico
+    RP2040_ARD = "rp2040-ard"  # RP2 family, RP2040 chip (Pico / Pico W)
+    RP2350_ARD = "rp2350-ard"  # RP2 family, RP2350 chip (Pico 2 / Pico 2 W)
     NRF52_ZEPHYR = "nrf52-adafruit"  # Nordic nRF52 (Zephyr)
 
 
@@ -190,7 +191,8 @@ MEMORY_IMPACT_PLATFORM_PREFERENCE = [
     Platform.BK72XX_ARD,  # LibreTiny BK7231N
     Platform.RTL87XX_ARD,  # LibreTiny RTL8720x
     Platform.LN882X_ARD,  # LibreTiny LN882x
-    Platform.RP2040_ARD,  # Raspberry Pi Pico
+    Platform.RP2040_ARD,  # Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040)
+    Platform.RP2350_ARD,  # Raspberry Pi Pico 2 (RP2350)
     Platform.NRF52_ZEPHYR,  # Nordic nRF52 (Zephyr)
 ]
 
@@ -522,13 +524,21 @@ def _esp32_platformio_path_or_file_trigger(files: list[str]) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-# ESP-IDF infra: changes under esphome/espidf/ or to the IDF build generator
-# affect every esp32 IDF build (now the default toolchain) but aren't
+# Native-build infra: changes under esphome/espidf/, the shared
+# esphome/build_helpers/ package, or the modules the native ESP-IDF build
+# imports affect every esp32 IDF build (now the default toolchain) but aren't
 # components, so the component matrix wouldn't otherwise force any esp32
 # compile. When they change we fold the `esp32` component into the matrix so
 # the default native-IDF build path is still compiled on an infra-only PR.
-ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES = ("esphome/espidf/",)
-ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES = frozenset({"esphome/build_gen/espidf.py"})
+ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES = ("esphome/espidf/", "esphome/build_helpers/")
+ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES = frozenset(
+    {
+        "esphome/build_gen/espidf.py",
+        "esphome/framework_helpers.py",
+        "esphome/platformio/library.py",
+        "esphome/platformio/extra_script.py",
+    }
+)
 
 
 def _esp_idf_infra_changed(files: list[str]) -> bool:
@@ -617,12 +627,17 @@ def determine_cpp_unit_tests(
 
     C++ unit tests will run when any of the following conditions are met:
 
-    1. Any C++ core source files changed (esphome/core/*), in which case
+    1. Any core C++ or Python files changed (esphome/core/*), in which case
        all cpp unit tests run.
     2. A test file for a component changed, which triggers tests for that
        component.
     3. The code for a component changed, which triggers tests for that
-       component and all components that depend on it.
+       component and all components that depend on it. Python files count
+       too: a component's Python decides which sources and defines go into
+       the host test build, so a Python-only change can break the link.
+
+    Components without C++ test sources are dropped from the list, so the
+    job is only scheduled when there is something to build.
 
     Args:
         branch: Branch to compare against. If None, uses default.
@@ -636,9 +651,7 @@ def determine_cpp_unit_tests(
     if core_changed(files):
         return (True, [])
 
-    # Filter to only C++ files
-    cpp_files = list(filter(filter_component_and_test_cpp_files, files))
-    return (False, get_cpp_changed_components(cpp_files))
+    return (False, get_cpp_changed_components(files))
 
 
 # Paths within tests/benchmarks/ that contain component benchmark files
@@ -655,16 +668,20 @@ BENCHMARK_INFRASTRUCTURE_FILES = frozenset(
 
 
 def should_run_benchmarks(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
-    """Determine if C++ benchmarks should run based on changed files.
+    """Determine if benchmarks (C++ and Python) should run based on changed files.
 
     Benchmarks run when any of the following conditions are met:
 
-    1. Core C++ files changed (esphome/core/*)
-    2. The host platform changed (esphome/components/host/*) — benchmarks
+    1. Core files changed (esphome/core/*, C++ or Python)
+    2. Top-level Python files changed (esphome/*.py and esphome/*.pyi) —
+       the Python benchmarks exercise config loading (config.py,
+       yaml_util.py, ...), so a slowdown there is invisible unless the
+       benchmarks job runs
+    3. The host platform changed (esphome/components/host/*) — benchmarks
        are built and run on the host platform, so its implementations of
        ``millis()``/``micros()``/etc. affect every benchmark
-    3. A directly changed component has benchmark files (no dependency expansion)
-    4. Benchmark infrastructure changed (tests/benchmarks/*, script/cpp_benchmark.py,
+    4. A directly changed component has benchmark files (no dependency expansion)
+    5. Benchmark infrastructure changed (tests/benchmarks/*, script/cpp_benchmark.py,
        script/build_helpers.py, script/setup_codspeed_lib.py)
 
     Unlike unit tests, benchmarks do NOT expand to dependent components.
@@ -681,6 +698,11 @@ def should_run_benchmarks(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
     if core_changed(files):
         return True
 
+    # Top-level esphome/*.py modules are what the Python benchmarks in
+    # tests/benchmarks/python/ exercise
+    if base_python_changed(files):
+        return True
+
     # Host platform supplies the runtime that benchmarks execute on
     if any(f.startswith("esphome/components/host/") for f in files):
         return True
@@ -706,7 +728,7 @@ def should_run_benchmarks(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
 
 
 # Files / path patterns whose changes alone don't warrant running the
-# unconditional CI jobs (`ci-custom`, `pytest`, `pre-commit-ci-lite`).
+# unconditional CI jobs (`ci-custom`, `pytest`, `lint-format`).
 # Single source of truth for what we treat as "CI-irrelevant" on
 # pull_request events; ci.yml used to encode this in its own
 # `pull_request.paths` filter, but that hid the required `CI Status`
@@ -750,7 +772,7 @@ def _is_ci_irrelevant_path(path: str) -> bool:
 
 
 def should_run_core_ci(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
-    """Determine if the unconditional CI jobs (ci-custom/pytest/pre-commit-ci-lite) should run.
+    """Determine if the unconditional CI jobs (ci-custom/pytest/lint-format) should run.
 
     Returns False only when every changed file is in the CI-irrelevant set
     above (see ``_is_ci_irrelevant_path``). Empty diffs return True so we
@@ -859,7 +881,8 @@ def _detect_platform_hint_from_filename(filename: str) -> Platform | None:
     - *_libretiny.cpp, *_bk72*.* -> BK72XX (LibreTiny)
     - *_rtl87*.* -> RTL87XX (LibreTiny Realtek)
     - *_ln882*.* -> LN882X (LibreTiny Lightning)
-    - *_pico.cpp, *_rp2040.* -> RP2040_ARD
+    - *_rp2350*.*, *_pico2*.* -> RP2350_ARD (RP2 family, RP2350 chip)
+    - *_rp2040*.*, *_pico*.* -> RP2040_ARD (RP2 family, RP2040 chip)
 
     Args:
         filename: File path to check
@@ -901,8 +924,14 @@ def _detect_platform_hint_from_filename(filename: str) -> Platform | None:
     if "libretiny" in filename_lower or "bk72" in filename_lower:
         return Platform.BK72XX_ARD
 
-    # RP2040 / Raspberry Pi Pico
-    if "pico" in filename_lower or "rp2040" in filename_lower:
+    # RP2 family (Raspberry Pi Pico): explicit chip names only. Family-
+    # wide files (named ``_rp2.*``) are shared between RP2040 and RP2350
+    # and intentionally don't preferentially route to either chip.
+    # Check the RP2350 patterns first since ``pico2`` substring-matches
+    # ``pico``.
+    if "rp2350" in filename_lower or "pico2" in filename_lower:
+        return Platform.RP2350_ARD
+    if "rp2040" in filename_lower or "pico" in filename_lower:
         return Platform.RP2040_ARD
 
     # nRF52 / Zephyr
@@ -1168,7 +1197,7 @@ def main() -> None:
 
     # Determine what should run
     # core_ci gates the unconditional jobs in ci.yml (ci-custom, pytest,
-    # pre-commit-ci-lite). Non-pull_request events (push to dev/beta/release
+    # lint-format). Non-pull_request events (push to dev/beta/release
     # and merge_group) always run them so behavior like venv-cache saves on
     # push to dev is preserved.
     event_name = os.environ.get("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME", "")
@@ -1338,7 +1367,7 @@ def main() -> None:
 
     # Split components into batches for CI testing
     # This intelligently groups components with similar bus configurations
-    component_test_batches: list[str]
+    component_test_batches: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     if changed_components_with_tests:
         tests_dir = Path(root_path) / ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH
 
@@ -1363,10 +1392,20 @@ def main() -> None:
             batch_size=COMPONENT_TEST_BATCH_SIZE,
             directly_changed=batch_directly_changed,
         )
-        # Convert batches to space-separated strings for CI matrix
-        component_test_batches = [" ".join(batch) for batch in batches]
-    else:
-        component_test_batches = []
+        # Convert batches to CI matrix entries: the component list plus which
+        # native toolchain installs the batch's test platforms need, so the
+        # workflow only restores the matching multi-GB toolchain caches.
+        for batch in batches:
+            platforms: set[str] = set()
+            for component in batch:
+                platforms.update(get_component_test_platforms(component))
+            component_test_batches.append(
+                {
+                    "components": " ".join(batch),
+                    "needs_idf": any(p.startswith("esp32") for p in platforms),
+                    "needs_nrf": any(p.startswith("nrf52") for p in platforms),
+                }
+            )
 
     output: dict[str, Any] = {
         "core_ci": run_core_ci,
diff --git a/script/generate-rp2040-boards.py b/script/generate-rp2-boards.py
similarity index 77%
rename from script/generate-rp2040-boards.py
rename to script/generate-rp2-boards.py
index 1b4846fd2b..94a5cc018a 100755
--- a/script/generate-rp2040-boards.py
+++ b/script/generate-rp2-boards.py
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 
-from esphome.components.rp2040 import RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
-from esphome.components.rp2040.generate_boards import generate
+from esphome.components.rp2 import RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
+from esphome.components.rp2.generate_boards import generate
 from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
 
 ver = RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
 version_tag: str = f"{ver.major}.{ver.minor}.{ver.patch}"
 root: Path = Path(__file__).parent.parent
-boards_file_path: Path = root / "esphome" / "components" / "rp2040" / "boards.py"
+boards_file_path: Path = root / "esphome" / "components" / "rp2" / "boards.py"
 
 
 def main(check: bool) -> None:
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ def main(check: bool) -> None:
     if check:
         existing_content: str = boards_file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
         if existing_content != content:
-            print("esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py is not up to date.")
-            print("Please run `script/generate-rp2040-boards.py`")
+            print("esphome/components/rp2/boards.py is not up to date.")
+            print("Please run `script/generate-rp2-boards.py`")
             sys.exit(1)
-        print("esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py is up to date")
+        print("esphome/components/rp2/boards.py is up to date")
     elif write_file_if_changed(boards_file_path, content):
         print("RP2040 boards updated successfully.")
 
diff --git a/script/helpers.py b/script/helpers.py
index 0086a00e85..9e3969e5ce 100644
--- a/script/helpers.py
+++ b/script/helpers.py
@@ -421,7 +421,10 @@ def _get_github_event_data() -> dict | None:
     """
     github_event_path = os.environ.get("GITHUB_EVENT_PATH")
     if github_event_path and Path(github_event_path).exists():
-        with Path(github_event_path).open() as f:
+        # The event payload is UTF-8 JSON; without an explicit encoding
+        # Windows decodes it as cp1252 and any non ASCII byte (an ellipsis in
+        # a commit title is enough) raises UnicodeDecodeError.
+        with Path(github_event_path).open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
             return json.load(f)
     return None
 
@@ -466,6 +469,77 @@ def get_target_branch() -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
+# Substrings (matched case-insensitively against gh's stderr) that identify
+# transient failures worth retrying: server errors (HTTP 5xx) and dropped or
+# failed connections. Permanent failures (bad auth, missing PR, the 300-file
+# diff limit) never match so callers see them immediately. Phrases are
+# anchored so gh's GraphQL "Could not resolve to a PullRequest" (a missing
+# PR) never classifies as a DNS failure.
+_TRANSIENT_GH_ERROR_RE = re.compile(
+    r"http 5\d\d"
+    r"|timed out|timeout"
+    r"|connection (?:reset|refused|closed)"
+    r"|no such host|could not resolve host"
+    # gh intercepts DNS errors and prints its own "error connecting to
+    # <host>" text; the Go phrases above are kept as a hedge in case a
+    # future gh stops swallowing the underlying error
+    r"|error connecting to"
+    r"|failed to verify certificate"
+    # Go reports a server-closed connection as 'Post "<url>": EOF'; the
+    # quote-and-colon anchor keeps a URL or message body containing the
+    # letters from matching
+    r"|unexpected eof"
+    r'|": eof'
+    r"|network is unreachable"
+    r"|temporary failure"
+)
+
+# Same retry policy as git network commands in esphome/git.py: 3 attempts
+# with 2s/4s backoff.
+_GH_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
+
+
+def run_gh_command(
+    args: list[str], *, retry: bool = True
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    """Run a gh CLI command, retrying transient network and server failures.
+
+    Args:
+        args: Full command line, including the leading "gh".
+        retry: Pass False for commands that are not idempotent (e.g. posting
+            a comment), where a retry after a dropped response could repeat
+            a write that already succeeded server-side.
+
+    Returns:
+        CompletedProcess with captured text output.
+
+    Raises:
+        subprocess.CalledProcessError: If the command fails with a permanent
+            error, or is still failing after the retries are exhausted.
+    """
+    attempts = _GH_MAX_ATTEMPTS if retry else 1
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return subprocess.run(
+                args, check=True, capture_output=True, text=True, close_fds=False
+            )
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
+            attempt += 1
+            stderr = err.stderr or ""
+            if attempt >= attempts or not _TRANSIENT_GH_ERROR_RE.search(stderr.lower()):
+                raise
+            delay = 2**attempt
+            # Only the leading arguments: comment-update calls carry the
+            # whole multi-KB comment body in the argument list
+            print(
+                f"WARNING: {' '.join(args[:3])} failed: {stderr.strip()}; "
+                f"retrying in {delay}s (attempt {attempt}/{attempts})",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+
+
 @cache
 def _get_changed_files_github_actions() -> list[str] | None:
     """Get changed files in GitHub Actions environment.
@@ -484,8 +558,9 @@ def _get_changed_files_github_actions() -> list[str] | None:
             try:
                 return _get_changed_files_from_command(cmd)
             except Exception as e:
-                # If it fails due to the 300 file limit, use the API method
-                if "maximum" in str(e) and "files" in str(e):
+                # If it fails due to a diff limit (300 files or 20000 lines),
+                # use the API method which only returns filenames
+                if "diff exceeded the maximum" in str(e):
                     cmd = [
                         "gh",
                         "api",
@@ -539,10 +614,22 @@ def changed_files(branch: str | None = None) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def _get_changed_files_from_command(command: list[str]) -> list[str]:
-    """Run a git command to get changed files and return them as a list."""
-    proc = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
-    if proc.returncode != 0:
-        raise Exception(f"Command failed: {' '.join(command)}\nstderr: {proc.stderr}")
+    """Run a git or gh command to get changed files and return them as a list."""
+    if command[0] == "gh":
+        try:
+            proc = run_gh_command(command)
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise Exception(
+                f"Command failed: {' '.join(command)}\nstderr: {e.stderr}"
+            ) from e
+    else:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False, close_fds=False
+        )
+        if proc.returncode != 0:
+            raise Exception(
+                f"Command failed: {' '.join(command)}\nstderr: {proc.stderr}"
+            )
 
     changed_files = splitlines_no_ends(proc.stdout)
     cwd = Path.cwd()
@@ -1063,17 +1150,41 @@ def filter_component_and_test_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
     )
 
 
-def filter_component_and_test_cpp_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
-    """Check if a file is a C++ source file in component or test directories.
+def filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a file can affect a component's C++ unit test build.
+
+    Besides C++ sources, a component's Python code (defines, source file
+    filters, libraries) and the ``__init__.py`` manifest overrides under
+    ``tests/components/<component>/`` decide what the host test binary
+    compiles and links. Other Python files under ``tests/components/``
+    (pytest conftest.py, fixtures) do not.
 
     Args:
         file_path: Path to check
 
     Returns:
-        True if the file is a C++ source/header file in component or test directories
+        True if the file is a C++ or Python file in a component directory, or
+        a C++ file or ``__init__.py`` in a component test directory
     """
-    return file_path.endswith(CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS) and file_path.startswith(
-        COMPONENT_AND_TESTS_PATHS
+    if file_path.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH):
+        return file_path.endswith(CPP_AND_PYTHON_FILE_EXTENSIONS)
+    if file_path.startswith(ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH):
+        return file_path.endswith(CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS) or file_path.endswith(
+            "/__init__.py"
+        )
+    return False
+
+
+def has_cpp_unit_tests(component: str, tests_dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """Check if a component has C++ test or benchmark sources in ``tests_dir``.
+
+    Shared by CI job selection and the build itself
+    (``build_helpers.filter_components_with_files``) so both agree on
+    which components have something to build.
+    """
+    component_dir = tests_dir / component
+    return component_dir.is_dir() and (
+        any(component_dir.glob("*.cpp")) or any(component_dir.glob("*.h"))
     )
 
 
@@ -1377,42 +1488,63 @@ def core_changed(files: list[str]) -> bool:
     )
 
 
+def base_python_changed(files: list[str]) -> bool:
+    """Check if any Python file directly in esphome/ has changed.
+
+    Matches top-level modules and stubs (.py and .pyi) like esphome/config.py
+    and esphome/yaml_util.py but not files in subdirectories such as
+    esphome/components/ or esphome/dashboard/.
+
+    Args:
+        files: List of file paths to check
+
+    Returns:
+        True if any top-level esphome Python file has changed
+    """
+    return any(
+        f.startswith("esphome/")
+        and f.endswith(PYTHON_FILE_EXTENSIONS)
+        and "/" not in f.removeprefix("esphome/")
+        for f in files
+    )
+
+
 def get_cpp_changed_components(files: list[str]) -> list[str]:
-    """Get components that have changed C++ files or tests.
+    """Get components whose C++ unit tests are affected by changed files.
 
     This function analyzes a list of changed files and determines which components
     are affected. It handles two scenarios:
 
-    1. Test files changed (tests/components/<component>/*.cpp):
+    1. Test files changed (tests/components/<component>/*.cpp or __init__.py):
        - Adds the component to the affected list
        - Only that component needs to be tested
 
-    2. Component C++ files changed (esphome/components/<component>/*):
+    2. Component files changed (esphome/components/<component>/*.cpp or *.py):
        - Adds the component to the affected list
        - Also adds all components that depend on this component (recursively)
        - This ensures that changes propagate to dependent components
 
+    Python files count because a component's Python code decides which
+    sources and defines end up in the host test build. Components without
+    C++ test sources are dropped so CI does not schedule the job for nothing.
+
     Args:
-        files: List of file paths to analyze (should be C++ files)
+        files: List of changed file paths; irrelevant ones are ignored
 
     Returns:
         Sorted list of component names that need C++ unit tests run
     """
     components_graph = create_components_graph()
+    tests_dir = Path(root_path) / ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH
     affected: set[str] = set()
     for file in files:
-        if not file.endswith(CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS):
+        if not filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file):
             continue
-        if file.startswith(ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH):
-            parts = file.split("/")
-            if len(parts) >= 4:
-                component_dir = Path(ESPHOME_TESTS_COMPONENTS_PATH) / parts[2]
-                if component_dir.is_dir():
-                    affected.add(parts[2])
-        elif file.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH):
-            parts = file.split("/")
-            if len(parts) >= 4:
-                component = parts[2]
-                affected.update(find_children_of_component(components_graph, component))
-                affected.add(component)
-    return sorted(affected)
+        parts = file.split("/")
+        if len(parts) < 4:
+            continue
+        component = parts[2]
+        affected.add(component)
+        if file.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH):
+            affected.update(find_children_of_component(components_graph, component))
+    return sorted(c for c in affected if has_cpp_unit_tests(c, tests_dir))
diff --git a/script/helpers_zephyr.py b/script/helpers_zephyr.py
index 66ef6ffc98..c26ad7f2cd 100644
--- a/script/helpers_zephyr.py
+++ b/script/helpers_zephyr.py
@@ -1,59 +1,32 @@
+"""Load clang-tidy idedata for the nrf52/Zephyr environment.
+
+The compile commands come from a configure-only build of a minimal Zephyr
+project using the native sdk-nrf toolchain (see
+``esphome.components.nrf52.clang_tidy``); this module extracts the include
+paths, defines and compiler flags clang-tidy needs from them.
+"""
+
 import json
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+import shlex
 import subprocess
 
 
 def load_idedata(environment, temp_folder, platformio_ini):
-    build_environment = environment.replace("-tidy", "")
-    build_dir = Path(temp_folder) / f"build-{build_environment}"
-    Path(build_dir).mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    Path(build_dir / "platformio.ini").write_text(
-        Path(platformio_ini).read_text(encoding="utf-8"), encoding="utf-8"
-    )
-    esphome_dir = Path(build_dir / "esphome")
-    esphome_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    Path(esphome_dir / "main.cpp").write_text(
-        """
-#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
-int main() { return 0;}
-extern "C" void zboss_signal_handler() {};
-""",
-        encoding="utf-8",
-    )
-    zephyr_dir = Path(build_dir / "zephyr")
-    zephyr_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    Path(zephyr_dir / "prj.conf").write_text(
-        """
-CONFIG_NEWLIB_LIBC=y
-CONFIG_BT=y
-CONFIG_ADC=y
-#mcumgr begin
-CONFIG_NET_BUF=y
-CONFIG_ZCBOR=y
-CONFIG_MCUMGR=y
-CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG=y
-CONFIG_IMG_MANAGER=y
-CONFIG_STREAM_FLASH=y
-CONFIG_FLASH_MAP=y
-CONFIG_FLASH=y
-CONFIG_IMG_ERASE_PROGRESSIVELY=y
-CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT=y
-CONFIG_MCUMGR_MGMT_NOTIFICATION_HOOKS=y
-CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_STATUS_HOOKS=y
-CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_UPLOAD_CHECK_HOOK=y
-CONFIG_MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_UART=y
-#mcumgr end
-#zigbee begin
-CONFIG_ZIGBEE=y
-CONFIG_CRYPTO=y
-CONFIG_NVS=y
-CONFIG_SETTINGS=y
-#zigbee end
-""",
-        encoding="utf-8",
-    )
-    subprocess.run(["pio", "run", "-e", build_environment, "-d", build_dir], check=True)
+    if explicit := os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ZEPHYR_COMPILE_COMMANDS"):
+        compile_commands_path = Path(explicit)
+    else:
+        from esphome.components.nrf52.clang_tidy import generate_compile_commands
+
+        work_dir = (Path(temp_folder) / f"zephyr-{environment}").resolve()
+        compile_commands_path = generate_compile_commands(
+            work_dir, Path(platformio_ini)
+        )
+
+    if not compile_commands_path.is_file():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"compile_commands.json not found: {compile_commands_path}")
 
     def extract_include_paths(command):
         include_paths = []
@@ -62,7 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SETTINGS=y
             split_strings = re.split(
                 r"\s*-\s*(?:I|isystem)", list(filter(lambda x: x, match))[0]
             )
-            include_paths.append(split_strings[1])
+            include_paths.append(split_strings[1].strip())
         return include_paths
 
     def extract_defines(command):
@@ -74,15 +47,6 @@ CONFIG_SETTINGS=y
             if not any(match.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ignore_prefixes)
         ]
 
-    def find_cxx_path(commands):
-        for entry in commands:
-            command = entry["command"]
-            cxx_path = command.split()[0]
-            if not cxx_path.endswith("++"):
-                continue
-            return cxx_path
-        return None
-
     def get_builtin_include_paths(compiler):
         result = subprocess.run(
             [compiler, "-E", "-x", "c++", "-", "-v"],
@@ -105,47 +69,48 @@ CONFIG_SETTINGS=y
         return include_paths
 
     def extract_cxx_flags(command):
-        # Extracts CXXFLAGS from the command string, excluding includes and defines.
+        # Extracts CXXFLAGS from the command string, excluding includes and
+        # defines. Anchored per token: a substring match would extract a bogus
+        # "-format-zero-length" from -Wno-format-zero-length.
         flag_pattern = re.compile(
-            r"(-O[0-3s]|-g|-std=[^\s]+|-Wall|-Wextra|-Werror|--[^\s]+|-f[^\s]+|-m[^\s]+|-imacros\s*[^\s]+)"
+            r"^(-O[0-3s]|-g|-std=.+|-Wall|-Wextra|-Werror|--.+|-f.+|-m.+|-imacros.+)$"
         )
-        return [
-            match.replace("-imacros ", "-imacros")
-            for match in flag_pattern.findall(command)
-        ]
+        flags = []
+        tokens = shlex.split(command)
+        for i, token in enumerate(tokens):
+            if token == "-imacros" and i + 1 < len(tokens):
+                flags.append(f"-imacros{tokens[i + 1]}")
+            elif flag_pattern.match(token):
+                flags.append(token)
+        return flags
 
     def transform_to_idedata_format(compile_commands):
-        cxx_path = find_cxx_path(compile_commands)
-        idedata = {
+        # Use only the tidy app TU (main.cpp): as the app target, its compile
+        # command already carries the full Zephyr include set. Unioning every
+        # TU instead would drag in per-library internal include dirs (e.g. the
+        # Zephyr POSIX shim, whose signal.h redefines newlib's sigset_t) that
+        # no ESPHome source compiles against.
+        entry = next(
+            (e for e in compile_commands if e["file"].endswith("main.cpp")), None
+        )
+        if entry is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("tidy main.cpp not found in compile_commands.json")
+        command = entry["command"]
+        # Find the compiler by name: the command may be prefixed with a
+        # launcher (Zephyr auto-enables ccache when present).
+        cxx_path = next((t for t in shlex.split(command) if t.endswith("++")), None)
+        if cxx_path is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"no C++ compiler in compile command: {command}")
+
+        return {
             "includes": {
                 "toolchain": get_builtin_include_paths(cxx_path),
-                "build": set(),
+                "build": extract_include_paths(command),
             },
-            "defines": set(),
+            "defines": extract_defines(command),
             "cxx_path": cxx_path,
-            "cxx_flags": set(),
+            "cxx_flags": extract_cxx_flags(command),
         }
 
-        for entry in compile_commands:
-            command = entry["command"]
-            exec = command.split()[0]
-            if exec != cxx_path:
-                continue
-
-            idedata["includes"]["build"].update(extract_include_paths(command))
-            idedata["defines"].update(extract_defines(command))
-            idedata["cxx_flags"].update(extract_cxx_flags(command))
-
-        # Convert sets to lists for JSON serialization
-        idedata["includes"]["build"] = list(idedata["includes"]["build"])
-        idedata["defines"] = list(idedata["defines"])
-        idedata["cxx_flags"] = list(idedata["cxx_flags"])
-
-        return idedata
-
-    compile_commands = json.loads(
-        Path(
-            build_dir / ".pio" / "build" / build_environment / "compile_commands.json"
-        ).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    )
+    compile_commands = json.loads(compile_commands_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     return transform_to_idedata_format(compile_commands)
diff --git a/script/import_time_budget.json b/script/import_time_budget.json
index 855d89c56d..cda426bb3e 100644
--- a/script/import_time_budget.json
+++ b/script/import_time_budget.json
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
   "target_module": "esphome.__main__",
   "margin_pct": 20,
-  "cumulative_us": 91000
+  "cumulative_us": 37200
 }
diff --git a/script/list-components.py b/script/list-components.py
index 31a1609f88..45efccb133 100755
--- a/script/list-components.py
+++ b/script/list-components.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import argparse
 
 from helpers import (
     changed_files,
-    filter_component_and_test_cpp_files,
     filter_component_and_test_files,
     get_all_component_files,
     get_components_with_dependencies,
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument(
         "--cpp-changed",
         action="store_true",
-        help="List components with changed C++ files",
+        help="List components whose C++ unit tests are affected by changed files",
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -78,9 +77,9 @@ def main():
         #   Returns: Components with code changes + their dependencies (not infrastructure)
         #   Reason: CI needs to test changed components and their dependents
         #
-        # - --cpp-changed: Used by CI to determine if any C++ files changed (script/determine-jobs.py)
-        #   Returns: Only components with changed C++ files
-        #   Reason: Only components with C++ changes need C++ testing
+        # - --cpp-changed: Mirrors the C++ unit test selection in script/determine-jobs.py
+        #   Returns: Components with changed C++ or Python files (plus dependents)
+        #   Reason: Python decides which sources and defines go into the host test build
 
         base_test_changed = any(
             "tests/test_build_components" in file for file in changed
@@ -115,9 +114,7 @@ def main():
         for c in get_components_with_dependencies(files, False):
             print(c)
     elif args.cpp_changed:
-        # Only look at changed cpp files
-        files = list(filter(filter_component_and_test_cpp_files, changed))
-        for c in get_cpp_changed_components(files):
+        for c in get_cpp_changed_components(changed):
             print(c)
     else:
         # Return all changed components (with dependencies) - default behavior
diff --git a/script/merge_component_configs.py b/script/merge_component_configs.py
index 5eeeafac2a..c2be7be7fd 100755
--- a/script/merge_component_configs.py
+++ b/script/merge_component_configs.py
@@ -263,22 +263,39 @@ def prepare_component_body(comp_data: dict, comp_name: str, comp_dir: Path) -> d
         else {}
     )
 
-    packages_value = comp_data.get("packages")
-    if isinstance(packages_value, dict):
-        common_bus_packages = get_common_bus_packages()
-        for pkg_name, pkg_value in list(packages_value.items()):
-            if pkg_name in common_bus_packages:
-                continue
-            if isinstance(pkg_value, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
-                pkg_value = pkg_value.load()
-            if isinstance(pkg_value, dict):
-                comp_data = merge_config(comp_data, pkg_value)
-    elif isinstance(packages_value, list):
-        for pkg_value in packages_value:
-            if isinstance(pkg_value, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
-                pkg_value = pkg_value.load()
-            if isinstance(pkg_value, dict):
-                comp_data = merge_config(comp_data, pkg_value)
+    # Expand component-specific package includes inline. A package include may
+    # itself pull in further component-specific packages (e.g. web_server's test
+    # includes common_v2, which includes common with the wifi/network config), so
+    # keep expanding until only common bus packages remain -- otherwise the nested
+    # includes are silently dropped when the packages key is removed below.
+    common_bus_packages = get_common_bus_packages()
+    while True:
+        packages_value = comp_data.get("packages")
+        expanded = False
+        if isinstance(packages_value, dict):
+            for pkg_name, pkg_value in list(packages_value.items()):
+                if pkg_name in common_bus_packages:
+                    continue
+                # Drop before merging so a nested packages dict introduced by the
+                # include does not re-add this same key on the next iteration.
+                del packages_value[pkg_name]
+                if isinstance(pkg_value, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
+                    pkg_value = pkg_value.load()
+                if isinstance(pkg_value, dict):
+                    comp_data = merge_config(comp_data, pkg_value)
+                expanded = True
+        elif isinstance(packages_value, list):
+            # List-style packages never contain common bus packages, so expand
+            # them all and drop the key entirely.
+            comp_data.pop("packages", None)
+            for pkg_value in packages_value:
+                if isinstance(pkg_value, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
+                    pkg_value = pkg_value.load()
+                if isinstance(pkg_value, dict):
+                    comp_data = merge_config(comp_data, pkg_value)
+                    expanded = True
+        if not expanded:
+            break
     # Common bus packages are re-added once by the caller; drop them here.
     comp_data.pop("packages", None)
 
diff --git a/script/setup b/script/setup
index 709eaee0f3..5dfc0efe5d 100755
--- a/script/setup
+++ b/script/setup
@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ fi
 uv pip install setuptools wheel
 uv pip install -e ".[dev,test]" --config-settings editable_mode=compat
 
-pre-commit install
+# --overwrite replaces any hook already in place. Without it, prek finds a
+# previously installed pre-commit hook, moves it aside to
+# .git/hooks/pre-commit.legacy and keeps calling it, so every commit would
+# run both tools.
+prek install --overwrite
 
 mkdir -p .temp
 
diff --git a/script/setup.bat b/script/setup.bat
index 003ea31b36..809d05ae93 100644
--- a/script/setup.bat
+++ b/script/setup.bat
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@ pip3 install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_test.txt -r requirements_dev.tx
 pip3 install setuptools wheel
 pip3 install -e ".[dev,test]" --config-settings editable_mode=compat
 
-pre-commit install
+rem --overwrite replaces any hook already in place. Without it, prek finds a
+rem previously installed pre-commit hook, moves it aside to
+rem .git/hooks/pre-commit.legacy and keeps calling it, so every commit would
+rem run both tools.
+prek install --overwrite
 
 echo .
 echo .
diff --git a/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py b/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py
index 4f5d1bff24..9ddfee27cc 100755
--- a/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py
+++ b/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def _read_codspeed_version(cmake_path: Path) -> str:
     """Extract CODSPEED_VERSION from core/CMakeLists.txt."""
     if not cmake_path.exists():
         return "0.0.0"
-    for line in cmake_path.read_text().splitlines():
+    for line in cmake_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
         if line.startswith("set(CODSPEED_VERSION"):
             return line.split()[1].rstrip(")")
     return "0.0.0"
diff --git a/script/test_build_components.py b/script/test_build_components.py
index ce2a35add3..ddd8a6a67d 100755
--- a/script/test_build_components.py
+++ b/script/test_build_components.py
@@ -88,6 +88,38 @@ def show_disk_space_if_ci(esphome_command: str) -> None:
     sys.stdout.flush()
 
 
+def start_log_group(title: str) -> None:
+    """Begin a collapsible log group in the GitHub Actions log viewer.
+
+    Everything printed until the matching :func:`end_log_group` is folded away
+    by default, so the full ``esphome config``/``compile`` dump for one
+    configuration no longer pushes the pass/fail result thousands of lines down
+    the log. Outside CI this is a no-op so local runs stay plain.
+
+    Args:
+        title: Text shown on the (collapsed) group header line.
+    """
+    if not os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS"):
+        return
+    # Flush so the marker is ordered correctly relative to the child process
+    # output that follows (the subprocess writes straight to our stdout).
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+    print(f"::group::{title}")
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def end_log_group() -> None:
+    """Close the collapsible log group opened by :func:`start_log_group`.
+
+    Outside CI this is a no-op.
+    """
+    if not os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTIONS"):
+        return
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+    print("::endgroup::")
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
 def find_component_tests(
     components_dir: Path,
     component_pattern: str = "*",
@@ -335,7 +367,7 @@ def run_esphome_test(
     output_file = build_dir / f"{component}.{test_name}.{platform_with_version}.yaml"
 
     # Copy base file and substitute component test file reference
-    base_content = base_file.read_text()
+    base_content = base_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     # Get relative path from build dir to test file
     repo_root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
     component_test_ref = f"../../{test_file.relative_to(repo_root / 'tests')}"
@@ -383,54 +415,48 @@ def run_esphome_test(
     # Build command string for display/logging
     cmd_str = " ".join(cmd)
 
-    # Run command
-    print(f"> [{component}] [{test_name}] [{platform_with_version}]")
+    # Run command inside a collapsible CI log group so the full esphome output
+    # for this configuration can be folded away by default.
+    group_title = f"[{component}] [{test_name}] [{platform_with_version}]"
+    start_log_group(group_title)
+    print(f"> {group_title}")
     if use_testing_mode:
         print("  (using --testing-mode)")
 
     start_time = time.time()
     test_id = f"{component}.{test_name}.{platform_with_version}"
 
+    # Always close the group, even if the subprocess or disk-space reporting
+    # raises, so later output is never folded into the wrong CI log section.
     try:
         result = subprocess.run(cmd, check=False)
-        success = result.returncode == 0
-        duration = time.time() - start_time
-
         # Show disk space after build in CI during compile
         show_disk_space_if_ci(esphome_command)
+    finally:
+        end_log_group()
 
-        if not success and not continue_on_fail:
-            # Print command immediately for failed tests
-            print(f"\n{'=' * 80}")
-            print("FAILED - Command to reproduce:")
-            print(f"{'=' * 80}")
-            print(cmd_str)
-            print()
-            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(result.returncode, cmd)
+    success = result.returncode == 0
+    duration = time.time() - start_time
 
-        return TestResult(
-            test_id=test_id,
-            components=[component],
-            platform=platform_with_version,
-            success=success,
-            duration=duration,
-            command=cmd_str,
-            test_type=esphome_command,
-        )
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-        duration = time.time() - start_time
-        # Re-raise if we're not continuing on fail
-        if not continue_on_fail:
-            raise
-        return TestResult(
-            test_id=test_id,
-            components=[component],
-            platform=platform_with_version,
-            success=False,
-            duration=duration,
-            command=cmd_str,
-            test_type=esphome_command,
-        )
+    if not success and not continue_on_fail:
+        # Print command immediately for failed tests. The group is already
+        # closed, so the failure and reproduce command stay visible.
+        print(f"\n{'=' * 80}")
+        print("FAILED - Command to reproduce:")
+        print(f"{'=' * 80}")
+        print(cmd_str)
+        print()
+        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(result.returncode, cmd)
+
+    return TestResult(
+        test_id=test_id,
+        components=[component],
+        platform=platform_with_version,
+        success=success,
+        duration=duration,
+        command=cmd_str,
+        test_type=esphome_command,
+    )
 
 
 def run_grouped_test(
@@ -498,7 +524,7 @@ def run_grouped_test(
 
     # Create test file that includes merged config
     output_file = build_dir / f"test_{group_name}.{platform_with_version}.yaml"
-    base_content = base_file.read_text()
+    base_content = base_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     merged_ref = merged_config_file.name
     output_content = base_content.replace("$component_test_file", merged_ref)
     output_file.write_text(output_content)
@@ -534,54 +560,48 @@ def run_grouped_test(
     # Build command string for display/logging
     cmd_str = " ".join(cmd)
 
-    # Run command
+    # Run command inside a collapsible CI log group so the full esphome output
+    # for this grouped configuration can be folded away by default.
     components_str = ", ".join(components)
-    print(f"> [GROUPED: {components_str}] [{platform_with_version}]")
+    group_title = f"[GROUPED: {components_str}] [{platform_with_version}]"
+    start_log_group(group_title)
+    print(f"> {group_title}")
     print("  (using --testing-mode)")
 
     start_time = time.time()
     test_id = f"GROUPED[{','.join(components)}].{platform_with_version}"
 
+    # Always close the group, even if the subprocess or disk-space reporting
+    # raises, so later output is never folded into the wrong CI log section.
     try:
         result = subprocess.run(cmd, check=False)
-        success = result.returncode == 0
-        duration = time.time() - start_time
-
         # Show disk space after build in CI during compile
         show_disk_space_if_ci(esphome_command)
+    finally:
+        end_log_group()
 
-        if not success and not continue_on_fail:
-            # Print command immediately for failed tests
-            print(f"\n{'=' * 80}")
-            print("FAILED - Command to reproduce:")
-            print(f"{'=' * 80}")
-            print(cmd_str)
-            print()
-            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(result.returncode, cmd)
+    success = result.returncode == 0
+    duration = time.time() - start_time
 
-        return TestResult(
-            test_id=test_id,
-            components=components,
-            platform=platform_with_version,
-            success=success,
-            duration=duration,
-            command=cmd_str,
-            test_type=esphome_command,
-        )
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-        duration = time.time() - start_time
-        # Re-raise if we're not continuing on fail
-        if not continue_on_fail:
-            raise
-        return TestResult(
-            test_id=test_id,
-            components=components,
-            platform=platform_with_version,
-            success=False,
-            duration=duration,
-            command=cmd_str,
-            test_type=esphome_command,
-        )
+    if not success and not continue_on_fail:
+        # Print command immediately for failed tests. The group is already
+        # closed, so the failure and reproduce command stay visible.
+        print(f"\n{'=' * 80}")
+        print("FAILED - Command to reproduce:")
+        print(f"{'=' * 80}")
+        print(cmd_str)
+        print()
+        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(result.returncode, cmd)
+
+    return TestResult(
+        test_id=test_id,
+        components=components,
+        platform=platform_with_version,
+        success=success,
+        duration=duration,
+        command=cmd_str,
+        test_type=esphome_command,
+    )
 
 
 def run_grouped_component_tests(
diff --git a/sdkconfig.defaults.esp32c6 b/sdkconfig.defaults.esp32c6
index 6dd5f4f329..63dbeffd77 100644
--- a/sdkconfig.defaults.esp32c6
+++ b/sdkconfig.defaults.esp32c6
@@ -11,4 +11,3 @@ CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_RADIO_NATIVE=y
 # zigbee
 CONFIG_ZB_ENABLED=y
 CONFIG_ZB_ZED=y
-CONFIG_ZB_RADIO_NATIVE=y
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
index 0d02e0b054..12c078911c 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
-    # api must run its to_code to define USE_API, USE_API_PLAINTEXT,
-    # and add the noise-c library dependency.
+    # api must run its to_code to define USE_API and USE_API_NOISE. The
+    # AUTO_LOADed noise component runs its own to_code via the override in
+    # tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py.
     manifest.enable_codegen()
 
     original_to_code = manifest.to_code
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
         # components have hardware dependencies (BLE/UART/RMT); lightweight
         # stub headers in tests/benchmarks/stubs/ satisfy the includes.
         cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
         cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", 3)
         cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE", 16)
         cg.add_define("USE_ZWAVE_PROXY")
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f430e9dd36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # to_code must run: it defines USE_NOISE and adds the noise-c library
+    # the api benchmark sources need.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py
index 7f68003e29..8b4fd955f2 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     async def to_code(config):
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
+        cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
     manifest.to_code = to_code
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py b/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py
index 5c8892f8d0..4d7821f704 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/python/test_compiled_config_bench.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def _prime_cache(yaml_path: Path) -> None:
 
     Mirrors ``esphome compile``: ``read_config`` populates ``CORE.config``,
     then ``update_storage_json`` writes both the StorageJSON sidecar and
-    the ``.validated.yaml`` compiled-config cache.
+    the ``.validated.json`` compiled-config cache.
     """
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
     config = read_config({}, skip_external_update=True)
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index bab27549e7..6fc20f3350 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -13,17 +13,18 @@ namespace api {
 class APIConnection;
 }  // namespace api
 
-namespace uart {
-enum class UARTFlushResult : uint8_t {
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS,
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT,
-  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED,
-};
-}  // namespace uart
-
 namespace serial_proxy {
 
+enum class SerialProxyResult : uint8_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+};
+
 class SerialProxy {
  public:
   void set_instance_index(uint32_t index) { this->instance_index_ = index; }
@@ -31,12 +32,20 @@ class SerialProxy {
   const char *get_name() const { return ""; }
   api::enums::SerialProxyPortType get_port_type() const { return {}; }
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return nullptr; }
-  void serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {}
-  void configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity, uint32_t stop_bits, uint32_t data_size) {}
-  void write_from_client(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {}
-  void set_modem_pins(uint32_t line_states) {}
+  SerialProxyResult serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+  }
+  SerialProxyResult configure(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity,
+                              uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size) {
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+  }
+  void write_from_client(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {}
+  SerialProxyResult set_modem_pins(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t line_states) {
+    return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK;
+  }
   uint32_t get_modem_pins() const { return 0; }
-  uart::UARTFlushResult flush_port() { return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS; }
+  uint32_t get_configured_modem_pins() const { return 0; }
+  SerialProxyResult flush_port(api::APIConnection *api_connection) { return SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK; }
 
  protected:
   uint32_t instance_index_{0};
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
index ba97e81236..3abbf7d257 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ namespace zwave_proxy {
 class ZWaveProxy {
  public:
   api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return nullptr; }
-  void zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {}
-  void send_frame(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {}
+  api::enums::ZWaveProxyStatus zwave_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *conn, api::enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type) {
+    return api::enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+  }
+  void send_frame(api::APIConnection *api_connection, const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {}
   void api_connection_authenticated(api::APIConnection *conn) {}
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return 0; }
   uint32_t get_home_id() { return 0; }
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6d86f0305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Tests for the ADC sensor component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_adc_temperature_pin_is_deprecated(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """`pin: TEMPERATURE` still works, but warns and points at internal_temperature."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml")
+
+    assert "adc_temperature->set_is_temperature();" in main_cpp
+    assert "`pin: TEMPERATURE` is deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert "internal_temperature" in caplog.text
+    assert "2027.2.0" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_adc_regular_pin_is_not_deprecated(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A normal ADC pin does not emit the temperature deprecation warning."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml")
+
+    assert "adc_voltage->set_is_temperature();" not in main_cpp
+    assert caplog.text.count("`pin: TEMPERATURE` is deprecated") == 1
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9455fef21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/adc/test_adc_sensor.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: adc
+    pin: TEMPERATURE
+    name: Deprecated ADC Temperature
+    id: adc_temperature
+
+  - platform: adc
+    pin: 26
+    name: ADC Voltage
+    id: adc_voltage
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/animation/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/unit_tests/components/api/__init__.py
rename to tests/component_tests/animation/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/animation/config/anim.apng b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/anim.apng
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..927af5eb05
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/anim.apng differ
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/animation/config/anim.gif b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/anim.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9932e77448
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/anim.gif differ
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/animation/config/animation_platform_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/animation_platform_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8de32ed593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/animation_platform_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# New `image:` `platform: animation` form. Exercises animation/image.py through
+# the real platform loader and codegen pipeline.
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32s3box
+
+image:
+  - platform: animation
+    id: test_animation
+    file: anim.gif
+    type: rgb565
+    loop:
+      start_frame: 0
+      end_frame: 2
+      repeat: 3
+  - platform: animation
+    id: test_animation_no_loop
+    file: anim.gif
+    type: rgb565
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin: 6
+  clk_pin: 7
+
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    id: lcd_display
+    model: s3box
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/animation/config/animation_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/animation_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fe6ddf9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/animation/config/animation_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Legacy top-level `animation:` form. Exercises the deprecation shim and the
+# shared codegen path through the real read_config/codegen pipeline.
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32s3box
+
+animation:
+  - id: test_animation
+    file: anim.gif
+    type: rgb565
+    loop:
+      start_frame: 0
+      end_frame: 2
+      repeat: 3
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin: 6
+  clk_pin: 7
+
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    id: lcd_display
+    model: s3box
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/animation/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/animation/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b5dd0d54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/animation/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""Tests for the animation image platform and the legacy `animation:` shim."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.animation import (
+    DOMAIN,
+    LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION,
+    _capture_legacy_entry,
+    _warn_legacy_animation,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy top-level `animation:` deprecation shim -- REMOVE these tests after
+# 2027.1.0 together with the shim in esphome/components/animation/__init__.py.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_warn_legacy_animation_warns_once(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The deprecation warning fires exactly once and never mutates the config."""
+    config: ConfigType = {"id": "test_animation", "file": "anim.gif", "type": "rgb565"}
+
+    # A per-entry capture (CONFIG_SCHEMA step) records the raw entry so the
+    # one-shot warning can print a pasteable migrated block.
+    assert _capture_legacy_entry(config) is config
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        # First call: flag not yet set -> warns and records the flag.
+        assert _warn_legacy_animation(config) is config
+        # Second call: flag already set -> stays silent (the dedup branch).
+        assert _warn_legacy_animation(config) is config
+
+    assert CORE.data[DOMAIN]["legacy_warning_shown"] is True
+    warnings = [r for r in caplog.records if r.levelno == logging.WARNING]
+    assert len(warnings) == 1
+    assert "deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert "platform: animation" in caplog.text
+    assert LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_legacy_animation_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The legacy `animation:` block validates, warns, and generates codegen
+    through the real read_config/codegen pipeline."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("animation_test.yaml"))
+
+    # Deprecation warning surfaced through the real validation pipeline.
+    assert "animation" in caplog.text
+    assert "deprecated" in caplog.text
+
+    # setup_animation ran: Animation object constructed and loop configured.
+    assert "new(test_animation) animation::Animation(" in main_cpp
+    assert "test_animation->set_loop(0, 2, 3);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_animation_platform_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """The `image:` `platform: animation` form generates codegen through the
+    real platform loader (animation/image.py) without any deprecation warning."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("animation_platform_test.yaml"))
+
+    assert "new(test_animation) animation::Animation(" in main_cpp
+    assert "test_animation->set_loop(0, 2, 3);" in main_cpp
+    # The loop-less entry constructs the object but never configures a loop.
+    assert "new(test_animation_no_loop) animation::Animation(" in main_cpp
+    assert "test_animation_no_loop->set_loop(" not in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/api/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..611353e7c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Tests for arg-type selection of api user-defined services with homeassistant.action."""
+
+CONFIG = "tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.yaml"
+
+
+def test_synchronous_chain_keeps_zero_copy_args(generate_main):
+    """A chain of synchronous actions keeps the non-owning StringRef arg type."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert (
+        "api::UserServiceTrigger<api::enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, StringRef>"
+        '("zero_copy_args", {"message"})' in main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_response_callback_args_are_owning(generate_main):
+    """homeassistant.action with on_success/on_error stores the trigger args
+    until the HomeassistantActionResponse arrives, so string args must fall
+    back to owning std::string; StringRef would point into the connection's
+    receive buffer, which is reused before the response arrives."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert (
+        "api::UserServiceTrigger<api::enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, std::string>"
+        '("response_args", {"message"})' in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "api::HomeAssistantServiceCallAction<std::string>" in main_cpp
+    assert "api::HomeAssistantServiceCallAction<StringRef>" not in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4561494c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_action.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: SomeNetwork
+  password: SomePassword
+
+logger:
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    # Chain of synchronous actions that never store the args:
+    # keeps the zero-copy StringRef arg type.
+    - action: zero_copy_args
+      variables:
+        message: string
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "%s"
+            args: [message.c_str()]
+    # homeassistant.action with on_success/on_error stores the trigger args
+    # until the action response arrives, so the codegen must fall back to
+    # owning std::string args (StringRef would dangle once the receive
+    # buffer is reused).
+    - action: response_args
+      variables:
+        message: string
+      then:
+        - homeassistant.action:
+            action: notify.notify
+            data:
+              message: !lambda return message;
+            on_success:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "sent %s"
+                  args: [message.c_str()]
+            on_error:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "failed (%s): %s"
+                  args: [error.c_str(), message.c_str()]
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.py b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48e53d8f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Tests for variables handling in homeassistant.event and homeassistant.action."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+CONFIG = "tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml"
+
+
+def test_plain_string_with_return_is_compiled_as_lambda_with_warning(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A plain string with a return statement compiles as a lambda and warns."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert main_cpp.count('add_variable(ESPHOME_F("lambda_var"), []() {') == 2
+    assert "return millis();" in main_cpp
+    # The source text must not be sent as a static string value.
+    assert '"return millis();"' not in main_cpp
+    assert "missing the !lambda tag" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_static_string_is_kept_as_static_value(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A static string stays static, PROGMEM wrapped, with no warning."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert (
+        main_cpp.count(
+            'add_variable(ESPHOME_F("static_var"), ESPHOME_F("static value"));'
+        )
+        == 2
+    )
+    assert "static value" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_static_id_value_stays_literal_with_hint(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Lambda source without a return stays literal text but warns."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert 'ESPHOME_F("id(test_sensor).state")' in main_cpp
+    assert "sent as literal text" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_explicit_lambda_tag_is_compiled_as_lambda(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """A !lambda value keeps working unchanged."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(CONFIG)
+
+    assert 'add_variable(ESPHOME_F("tagged_var"), []() {' in main_cpp
+    assert "return App.get_name();" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1ec07cc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/api/test_homeassistant_variables.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      # Plain strings with a return statement compile as lambdas
+      - homeassistant.event:
+          event: esphome.test_event
+          data_template:
+            message: "{{ lambda_var }} {{ static_var }} {{ tagged_var }}"
+          variables:
+            lambda_var: |-
+              return millis();
+            static_var: static value
+            tagged_var: !lambda return App.get_name();
+            hint_var: id(test_sensor).state
+      - homeassistant.action:
+          action: notify.notify
+          data_template:
+            message: "{{ lambda_var }} {{ static_var }}"
+          variables:
+            lambda_var: |-
+              return millis();
+            static_var: static value
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: SomeNetwork
+  password: SomePassword
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/aqi/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/aqi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/aqi/test_aqi.py b/tests/component_tests/aqi/test_aqi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..712c277508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/aqi/test_aqi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Config-validation tests for the aqi sensor component."""
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome.components.aqi import CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE
+from esphome.components.aqi.sensor import _validate_extended_range
+
+
+def test_extended_range_rejected_with_caqi():
+    """extended_range has no meaning for CAQI (no spec maximum) and must be rejected."""
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="CAQI"):
+        _validate_extended_range(
+            {CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE: "CAQI", CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE: True}
+        )
+
+
+def test_extended_range_rejected_with_caqi_even_when_false():
+    """The option is not allowed at all with CAQI, regardless of its value."""
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="CAQI"):
+        _validate_extended_range(
+            {CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE: "CAQI", CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE: False}
+        )
+
+
+def test_extended_range_allowed_with_aqi():
+    """extended_range is valid for the US AQI calculation."""
+    config = {CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE: "AQI", CONF_EXTENDED_RANGE: True}
+    assert _validate_extended_range(config) is config
+
+
+def test_caqi_without_extended_range_ok():
+    """CAQI is fine as long as extended_range is not set."""
+    config = {CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE: "CAQI"}
+    assert _validate_extended_range(config) is config
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231n.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231n.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..772ab93c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231n.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-n
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: cb2s
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231q.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231q.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17fd15b1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231q.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-q
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: wa2
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231t.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231t.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fec21a6aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7231t.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-t
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7231t-qfn32-tuya
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7238.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7238.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0880cf69f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7238.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-7238
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7238
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7252.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7252.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3290ab50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/config/test_bk7252.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-family-gate-7252
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7252
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/test_family_gate.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/test_family_gate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86f3ef0039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble/test_family_gate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""The non-5.x family rejection lives in to_code (config validation must stay
+family-agnostic for the validate-only CI fixtures), so codegen is the only
+place it can be pinned."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "match"),
+    [
+        ("test_bk7231t.yaml", "BK7231T.*BLE 4.2"),
+        ("test_bk7252.yaml", "BK7251.*BLE 4.2"),
+        ("test_bk7231q.yaml", "BK7231Q.*no BLE"),
+        ("test_bk7238.yaml", "BK7238.*bootloader"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_unsupported_family_rejected(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    match: str,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=match):
+        generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    # Validation itself must not fail (CI validate fixtures run on a BLE 4.2
+    # board), but it warns before codegen raises.
+    assert "cannot compile" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ble5_family_generates(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("test_bk7231n.yaml"))
+    assert "bk72xx_ble::BK72xxBLE" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..123d4296db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+esphome:
+  name: bk-trigger-codegen
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      # Bare form: restores the configured scan_parameters mode — no
+      # set_continuous emitted (asserted in the codegen test).
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: cb2s
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    continuous: false
+    active: false
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - 11:22:33:44:55:66
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; ESP_LOGD("t", "%s", x.address_str_to(addr));'
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "end");'
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..777ae76b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bk72xx_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Codegen tests for the tracker automations.
+
+The shared trigger classes (ble_device_base/automation.h) are compiled by every
+esp32 BLE compile test via AUTO_LOAD, but the BK-specific side — automation.h's
+action templates and restart_scan_duration() — compiles on no CI board (the
+bk72xx base board generic-bk7252 is BLE 4.2 and cannot build the tracker), and
+validate fixtures never run to_code. The generated main is therefore the only
+automated check on the setter spellings and the listener accounting."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import get_define_value
+
+
+def test_trigger_codegen(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("test_automations.yaml"))
+
+    # on_ble_advertise: multi-mac filter (two addresses in one initializer list)
+    assert "set_addresses({0xAC3743775F4CULL, 0x112233445566ULL})" in main_cpp
+    # 128-bit service uuid goes out reversed (BLE wire order); single-mac filter
+    assert (
+        "set_service_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "set_address(0xAC3743775F4CULL)" in main_cpp
+    # 32-bit middle branch of the width dispatch
+    assert "set_service_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    # All three manufacturer widths: getattr() builds these names as strings,
+    # so a misspelling only ever fails here.
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid16(0xABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "set_manufacturer_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    # scan-control actions: templatable continuous lambda + parented actions.
+    # Exactly one set_continuous: the bare start_scan emits none, pinning the
+    # restore-configured-mode divergence from esp32 against a future default=.
+    assert main_cpp.count("->set_continuous(") == 1
+    assert "startscanaction_id->set_continuous(" in main_cpp
+    assert "stopscanaction_id->set_parent(" in main_cpp
+    # scan_parameters continuous: false reaches the YAML-mode setter, not the
+    # runtime override.
+    assert "->set_configured_continuous(false)" in main_cpp
+    # active: false (non-default) flows through to the setter.
+    assert "->set_scan_active(false)" in main_cpp
+    # Constructor call, not just the declaration: the parent argument is what
+    # registers the trigger as a listener.
+    assert re.search(
+        r"new\(\w+\) ble_device_base::BLEEndOfScanTrigger\(\w+\)", main_cpp
+    )
+
+    # Seven triggers register as listeners; an undercount silently drops the
+    # last trigger at runtime (StaticVector::push_back past capacity), so the
+    # define is the assertion that matters most.
+    assert get_define_value(ble_device_base.LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE) == "7"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_client/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_client/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_client/test_validation.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_client/test_validation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1865812b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_client/test_validation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Tests for ble_client config validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.ble_client import (
+    CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+    CONF_ON_NOTIFY,
+    notify_from_on_notify,
+    validate_descriptor_not_notify,
+)
+from esphome.components.ble_client.sensor import CONFIG_SCHEMA as SENSOR_SCHEMA
+from esphome.components.ble_client.text_sensor import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as TEXT_SENSOR_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+    CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
+    CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DESCRIPTOR_CONFIG: ConfigType = {
+    CONF_NAME: "test",
+    CONF_SERVICE_UUID: "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E",
+    CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID: "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E",
+    CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID: "2902",
+}
+
+
+def test_notify_with_descriptor_uuid_rejected() -> None:
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_NOTIFY: True, CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID: "2902"}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot send notifications"):
+        validate_descriptor_not_notify(config)
+
+
+def test_on_notify_with_descriptor_uuid_rejected() -> None:
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_NOTIFY: False,
+        CONF_ON_NOTIFY: [{}],
+        CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID: "2902",
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot send notifications"):
+        validate_descriptor_not_notify(config)
+
+
+def test_descriptor_uuid_without_notify_allowed() -> None:
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_NOTIFY: False, CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID: "2902"}
+    assert validate_descriptor_not_notify(config) is config
+
+
+def test_notify_without_descriptor_uuid_allowed() -> None:
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_NOTIFY: True}
+    assert validate_descriptor_not_notify(config) is config
+
+
+def test_sensor_schema_rejects_notify_with_descriptor() -> None:
+    config = {**DESCRIPTOR_CONFIG, CONF_TYPE: "characteristic", CONF_NOTIFY: True}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot send notifications"):
+        SENSOR_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_text_sensor_schema_rejects_notify_with_descriptor() -> None:
+    config = {**DESCRIPTOR_CONFIG, CONF_NOTIFY: True}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot send notifications"):
+        TEXT_SENSOR_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_sensor_schema_allows_descriptor_polling() -> None:
+    assert SENSOR_SCHEMA({**DESCRIPTOR_CONFIG, CONF_TYPE: "characteristic"})
+
+
+def test_text_sensor_schema_allows_descriptor_polling() -> None:
+    assert TEXT_SENSOR_SCHEMA(dict(DESCRIPTOR_CONFIG))
+
+
+def test_on_notify_implies_notify() -> None:
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_NOTIFY: False, CONF_ON_NOTIFY: [{}]}
+    assert notify_from_on_notify(config)[CONF_NOTIFY] is True
+
+
+def test_notify_unchanged_without_on_notify() -> None:
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_NOTIFY: False}
+    assert notify_from_on_notify(config)[CONF_NOTIFY] is False
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7912fceed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_controller_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-controller
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: cb2s
+
+bk72xx_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b813e2702e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/bk72xx_tracker.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-tracker
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: cb2s
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/esp32_bluetooth_proxy.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/esp32_bluetooth_proxy.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7500f2133b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/esp32_bluetooth_proxy.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-esp32-proxy
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/esp32_tracker_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/esp32_tracker_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46a76cfec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/esp32_tracker_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-esp32-tracker
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/ln882h_tracker.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/ln882h_tracker.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..891d65ecf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/ln882h_tracker.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-ln882h-tracker
+
+ln882x:
+  board: generic-ln882h
+
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/rp2_controller_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/rp2_controller_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e64b328051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/rp2_controller_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-rp2-controller
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+rp2040_ble:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/rp2_tracker.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/rp2_tracker.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31686dd236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/config/rp2_tracker.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: slotcount-rp2-tracker
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59aecc461b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_hub_binding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""Tests for the BLE hub provider registry and the missing-hub diagnostics."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from importlib import import_module
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM, Platform
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, KEY_CORE
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+
+COMPONENTS_DIR = Path(ble_device_base.__file__).parent.parent
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def hub_registry() -> Generator[set[str]]:
+    """Save/restore _HUB_PROVIDERS — a module global with no reset hook.
+
+    CORE state needs no bookkeeping here: conftest's autouse reset_core
+    fixture reassigns it after every test.
+    """
+    saved = set(ble_device_base._HUB_PROVIDERS)
+    yield ble_device_base._HUB_PROVIDERS
+    ble_device_base._HUB_PROVIDERS.clear()
+    ble_device_base._HUB_PROVIDERS.update(saved)
+
+
+def _generated_id() -> ID:
+    """An ID as cv.GenerateID leaves it before the ID-assignment pass."""
+    return ID(None, is_declaration=False, type="ble_device_base::BLEHub")
+
+
+def _set_platform(platform: str | None) -> None:
+    core_data = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_CORE, {})
+    if platform is None:
+        core_data.pop(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM, None)
+    else:
+        core_data[KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = platform
+
+
+# The missing-hub diagnostics: one test per path so a regression in one
+# scenario cannot mask the others. The hub binding must fail with a
+# tracker-naming message, not use_id's C++-class error, regardless of
+# config-step ordering internals.
+
+
+def test_empty_registry_names_every_in_tree_tracker(hub_registry: set[str]) -> None:
+    # The common failure: a fresh CLI process where the tracker was simply
+    # forgotten, so no tracker module was ever imported and the registry is
+    # empty. The error must still name the in-tree trackers.
+    hub_registry.clear()
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.clear()
+    _set_platform(None)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match="add one of: bk72xx_ble_tracker, esp32_ble_tracker, ln882h_ble_tracker, rp2_ble_tracker",
+    ):
+        ble_device_base._require_hub(_generated_id())
+
+
+def test_platform_filters_the_suggested_trackers(hub_registry: set[str]) -> None:
+    hub_registry.clear()
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.clear()
+    _set_platform("esp32")
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="add one of: esp32_ble_tracker$"):
+        ble_device_base._require_hub(_generated_id())
+
+
+def test_ble_less_platform_is_not_misdirected(hub_registry: set[str]) -> None:
+    # A known platform with no in-tree hub must not be pointed at other
+    # platforms' trackers; out-of-tree BLE hubs are not supported.
+    hub_registry.clear()
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.clear()
+    _set_platform("esp8266")
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match="No BLE tracker exists for esp8266; BLE components are not supported",
+    ):
+        ble_device_base._require_hub(_generated_id())
+
+
+def test_explicit_id_bypasses_the_registry(hub_registry: set[str]) -> None:
+    # Explicit ble_hub_id: is the multi-hub disambiguation case; the ID pass
+    # owns that diagnosis and its error names the missing id.
+    hub_registry.clear()
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.clear()
+    explicit = ID("my_hub", is_declaration=False, type="ble_device_base::BLEHub")
+    assert ble_device_base._require_hub(explicit) is explicit
+
+
+def test_registered_and_loaded_provider_passes(hub_registry: set[str]) -> None:
+    hub_registry.add("esp32_ble_tracker")
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.add("esp32_ble_tracker")
+    generated = _generated_id()
+    assert ble_device_base._require_hub(generated) is generated
+
+
+def _module_name(path: Path) -> str:
+    """Dotted module name for a file under esphome/components."""
+    rel = path.relative_to(COMPONENTS_DIR.parent)
+    parts = rel.with_suffix("").parts
+    if parts[-1] == "__init__":
+        parts = parts[:-1]
+    return "esphome." + ".".join(parts)
+
+
+def _hub_component_modules() -> list[str]:
+    """Components whose codegen class inherits ble_device_base.BLEHub.
+
+    The source-text pass only selects import candidates (importing all ~900
+    component packages is too slow); membership is decided by the class
+    hierarchy via MockObjClass.inherits_from on every module whose source
+    matched — nested declaring modules included — so a comment mentioning
+    BLEHub in a consumer cannot produce a false positive.
+    """
+    hub_modules = []
+    for pkg in sorted(COMPONENTS_DIR.iterdir()):
+        if pkg.name == "ble_device_base" or not (pkg / "__init__.py").is_file():
+            continue
+        matched = [
+            path
+            for path in pkg.rglob("*.py")
+            if "BLEHub" in path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        ]
+        if not matched:
+            continue
+        for path in matched:
+            mod = import_module(_module_name(path))
+            if any(
+                isinstance(attr, MockObjClass)
+                and attr is not ble_device_base.BLEHub
+                and attr.inherits_from(ble_device_base.BLEHub)
+                for attr in vars(mod).values()
+            ):
+                hub_modules.append(pkg.name)
+                break
+    return hub_modules
+
+
+def test_every_in_tree_hub_registers_as_provider() -> None:
+    """A BLEHub subclass that forgets register_hub_provider() makes _require_hub
+    reject valid configs for that platform — fail CI instead of the user."""
+    hub_modules = _hub_component_modules()
+    assert hub_modules, "hub discovery found no BLEHub subclasses — scan stale?"
+    for name in hub_modules:
+        assert name in ble_device_base._HUB_PROVIDERS, (
+            f"{name} subclasses ble_device_base.BLEHub but never calls "
+            "register_hub_provider(); a valid config using it would be rejected"
+        )
+    # The per-platform error table must know every in-tree hub, keyed by real
+    # platform names — a typo'd key would silently route that platform into
+    # the no-in-tree-tracker branch.
+    assert set(ble_device_base._IN_TREE_HUB_PROVIDERS.values()) == set(hub_modules)
+    platforms = {platform.value for platform in Platform}
+    assert set(ble_device_base._IN_TREE_HUB_PROVIDERS) <= platforms
+
+
+def test_ble_device_schema_declares_the_binding_key(hub_registry: set[str]) -> None:
+    """Extending BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA keeps ble_hub_id a declared key on a strict
+    schema, for both the generated and the explicit form, and the missing-hub
+    rejection surfaces through the schema itself."""
+    schema = cv.Schema({}).extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    hub_registry.clear()
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.discard("esp32_ble_tracker")
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="No BLE tracker configured"):
+        schema({})
+    hub_registry.add("esp32_ble_tracker")
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.add("esp32_ble_tracker")
+    generated = schema({})[ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID]
+    assert isinstance(generated, ID) and generated.id is None
+    explicit = schema({"ble_hub_id": "my_hub"})[ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID]
+    assert explicit.id == "my_hub"
+
+
+def test_rename_legacy_hub_id_migrates_the_old_key() -> None:
+    validator = ble_device_base.rename_legacy_hub_id("my_sensor")
+    migrated = validator({"esp32_ble_id": "tracker1"})
+    assert migrated == {ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID: "tracker1"}
+    untouched = validator({"name": "x"})
+    assert untouched == {"name": "x"}
+
+
+def test_add_service_uuid_dispatches_by_width(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    emitted: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "esphome.components.ble_device_base.cg.add", lambda e: emitted.append(str(e))
+    )
+    var = cg.MockObj("trig")
+    ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, "11AA")
+    ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, "11223344")
+    ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, "11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00")
+    assert "set_service_uuid16" in emitted[0]
+    assert "set_service_uuid32" in emitted[1]
+    assert "set_service_uuid128" in emitted[2]
+    # BLE wire order: the 128-bit array must be byte-reversed — as_hex_array
+    # in its place would still emit the right setter name and silently never
+    # match on-air.
+    assert "0x00,0xff,0xee,0xdd" in emitted[2]
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported UUID format"):
+        ble_device_base.add_service_uuid(var, "123")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_name", "define"),
+    [
+        ("esp32_tracker_only.yaml", "USE_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER"),
+        ("rp2_tracker.yaml", "USE_RP2_BLE_TRACKER"),
+        ("bk72xx_tracker.yaml", "USE_BK72XX_BLE_TRACKER"),
+        ("ln882h_tracker.yaml", "USE_LN882H_BLE_TRACKER"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_every_tracker_emits_its_alias_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_name: str,
+    define: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Each tracker's codegen must emit its USE_*_BLE_TRACKER define - the
+    ble_hub_impl.h alias ladder selects on it. Checked through real codegen
+    (the other two legs of the invariant, the ladder arm and the defines.h
+    mirror, are compile-enforced: a missing arm fails any build containing a
+    BLEHub consumer - today bluetooth_proxy, which CI compiles or tidy-parses
+    on every tracker platform - and clang-tidy compiles each arm's
+    static_assert)."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_name))
+
+    assert define in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}, f"{define} not emitted by codegen"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3774d990d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_scan_parameter_validation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+"""Tests for the shared BLE tracker scan parameter validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.bk72xx_ble_tracker import (
+    SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA as BK72XX_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import to_ble_units
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble_tracker import SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA as ESP32_SCHEMA
+from esphome.components.ln882h_ble_tracker import (
+    SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA as LN882H_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.components.rp2_ble_tracker import SCAN_PARAMETERS_SCHEMA as RP2_SCHEMA
+
+
+def _validate(**kwargs: str | bool) -> dict:
+    """Run a scan_parameters config through the bk72xx tracker's real schema."""
+    return BK72XX_SCHEMA(kwargs)
+
+
+# --- to_ble_units ---
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("2500us", 4),  # controller minimum, 2.5 ms
+        ("30ms", 48),
+        ("100ms", 160),
+        ("10240ms", 16384),  # controller maximum, 0x4000
+    ],
+)
+def test_to_ble_units_converts_to_controller_units(value: str, expected: int) -> None:
+    """A time is converted to whole 0.625 ms units."""
+    assert to_ble_units(cv.positive_time_period(value)) == expected
+
+
+def test_to_ble_units_truncates() -> None:
+    """Sub-unit remainders are dropped, which is what makes collapse possible."""
+    assert to_ble_units(cv.positive_time_period("3000us")) == 4
+    assert to_ble_units(cv.positive_time_period("2500us")) == 4
+
+
+# --- the real per-chip schemas ---
+
+
+def test_bk72xx_defaults_are_valid() -> None:
+    """bk72xx pins the BK reference rate — 100 ms interval, shared 30 ms window —
+    and exposes active (default on, like every active-capable tracker)."""
+    config = _validate()
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 160
+    assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 48
+    assert config["active"] is True
+
+
+def test_esp32_defaults_are_valid() -> None:
+    """esp32 pins the ESP-IDF reference rate and exposes active (default on).
+
+    Without wifi loaded, the conditional window default falls back to the
+    historical 30 ms; the wifi-aware resolution is covered by the
+    esp32_ble_tracker component tests.
+    """
+    config = ESP32_SCHEMA({})
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 512
+    assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 48
+    assert config["active"] is True
+
+
+def test_rp2_defaults_are_valid() -> None:
+    """rp2 pins 100 ms interval / 30 ms window — a 30 % duty cycle leaving the
+    shared CYW43 radio mostly free for WiFi — and exposes active (default on)."""
+    config = RP2_SCHEMA({})
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 160
+    assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 48
+    assert config["active"] is True
+
+
+def test_ln882h_defaults_are_valid() -> None:
+    """ln882h pins the LN SDK reference rate — 100 ms interval / 50 ms window
+    (50 % duty) — and exposes active (default on)."""
+    config = LN882H_SCHEMA({})
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 160
+    assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 80
+    assert config["active"] is True
+
+
+def test_esp32_active_can_disable() -> None:
+    config = ESP32_SCHEMA({"active": False})
+    assert config["active"] is False
+
+
+def test_bk72xx_active_can_disable() -> None:
+    config = _validate(active=False)
+    assert config["active"] is False
+
+
+# --- accepted configurations ---
+
+
+def test_minimum_separation_accepted() -> None:
+    """Values one unit apart at the 2.5 ms floor are honest, not collapsed."""
+    config = _validate(interval="5000us", window="2500us")
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 8
+    assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 4
+
+
+def test_maximum_interval_accepted() -> None:
+    """The documented 10240 ms ceiling is inclusive, and maps to 0x4000.
+
+    Pins the ceiling from the accept side, mirroring the 2.5 ms floor above: the
+    reject cases alone would let the bound silently become exclusive.
+    """
+    config = _validate(interval="10240ms", window="30ms")
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == 16384
+
+
+def test_maximum_window_accepted() -> None:
+    """The ceiling applies to the window too, and is likewise inclusive."""
+    config = _validate(interval="10240ms", window="10240ms")
+    assert to_ble_units(config["window"]) == 16384
+
+
+def test_window_equal_to_interval_accepted() -> None:
+    """A deliberate 100 % duty cycle is allowed; only an accidental one is not."""
+    config = _validate(interval="100ms", window="100ms")
+    assert to_ble_units(config["interval"]) == to_ble_units(config["window"])
+
+
+def test_duration_equal_to_three_intervals_accepted() -> None:
+    """The three-interval floor is inclusive, mirroring the ceilings above."""
+    _validate(duration="3s", interval="1s", window="500ms")
+
+
+# --- rejected configurations ---
+
+
+def test_window_larger_than_interval_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="needs to be smaller than scan interval"):
+        _validate(interval="30ms", window="100ms")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("interval", "window", "offender"),
+    [
+        ("2ms", "1ms", "interval"),  # below the 2.5 ms controller floor
+        ("20s", "1s", "interval"),  # above the 10240 ms controller ceiling
+        ("100ms", "1ms", "window"),  # window below the floor
+    ],
+)
+def test_out_of_range_rejected(interval: str, window: str, offender: str) -> None:
+    """Values the controller cannot represent are rejected, not silently wrapped."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match=f"Scan {offender} .* must be between 2.5 ms and 10240 ms"
+    ):
+        _validate(interval=interval, window=window)
+
+
+def test_unit_collapse_rejected() -> None:
+    """3000us/2500us both floor to 4 units — a hidden 100 % duty cycle."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="both truncate to 4 x 0.625 ms"):
+        _validate(interval="3000us", window="2500us")
+
+
+def test_duration_shorter_than_three_intervals_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must cover at least three scan intervals"):
+        _validate(duration="1s", interval="500ms", window="100ms")
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86ee53fe8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ble_device_base/test_slot_counter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""Tests for the shared slot_counter codegen factory.
+
+The factory is exercised end to end through the real controllers: a tracker
+config must emit the platform's scan listener count define, and a
+controller-only config must emit nothing so the guarded StaticVector storage
+compiles out.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..helpers import get_define_value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "define"),
+    [
+        ("bk72xx_tracker.yaml", "BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT"),
+        ("rp2_tracker.yaml", "RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_tracker_requests_one_slot(
+    config: str,
+    define: str,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """The tracker's to_code requests a slot; the FINAL job emits the count.
+
+    The neutral listener count must stay absent from the same build: no BLE
+    consumer registered through register_ble_device().
+    """
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config))
+    assert get_define_value(define) == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT") is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "define"),
+    [
+        ("bk72xx_controller_only.yaml", "BK72XX_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT"),
+        ("rp2_controller_only.yaml", "RP2040_BLE_SCAN_LISTENER_COUNT"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_controller_only_emits_no_count(
+    config: str,
+    define: str,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """No consumer, no define — the guarded listener storage compiles out."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config))
+    assert get_define_value(define) is None
+
+
+def test_neutral_listener_count_emitted_when_requested() -> None:
+    """Registering through register_ble_device() emits the neutral count.
+
+    No in-tree sensor registers through ble_device_base.register_ble_device()
+    yet (consumer migration is a follow-up), so the coroutine is driven with a
+    mock hub instead of a config; every tracker's #ifdef-guarded listener
+    storage keys on this define, and a broken emit path would compile the
+    storage out silently.
+    """
+    import esphome.codegen as cg
+    from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+    from esphome.core import ID
+
+    hub_id = ID("hub", type=ble_device_base.BLEHub)
+    CORE.register_variable(hub_id, cg.MockObj("hub"))
+    CORE.add_job(
+        ble_device_base.register_ble_device,
+        cg.MockObj("listener"),
+        {ble_device_base.CONF_BLE_HUB_ID: hub_id},
+    )
+    CORE.flush_tasks()
+    assert get_define_value(ble_device_base.LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE) == "1"
+
+
+def test_esp32_tracker_handler_counts(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """A bare tracker registers its four esp32_ble handlers and nothing else."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("esp32_tracker_only.yaml"))
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_SCAN_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTC_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_BLE_STATUS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") is None
+    # No advertisement listener or client is registered, so both storages compile out.
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT") is None
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT") is None
+
+
+def test_esp32_bluetooth_proxy_requests_client_slots_only(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """The proxy requests a client slot per connection (three by default with
+    active: true); advertisements and scanner state arrive through the hub
+    callbacks, so no listener slot exists."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("esp32_bluetooth_proxy.yaml"))
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_LISTENER_COUNT") is None
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER_CLIENT_COUNT") == "3"
+    # One neutral GATT backend slot per connection (the hub-model flip).
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "3"
+
+
+def test_counts_reset_between_compiles(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """A second compile in the same process starts from zero.
+
+    The module level counters this change removes leaked across compiles in a
+    long lived host process (dashboard, device-builder), growing the handler
+    counts by one per compile and oversizing the StaticCallbackManager storage.
+    """
+    generate_main(component_config_path("esp32_tracker_only.yaml"))
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
+    CORE.reset()
+    generate_main(component_config_path("esp32_tracker_only.yaml"))
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT") == "1"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58e463b32a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_idf_max_connections_mirror.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""bluetooth_proxy mirrors esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS; pin them together.
+
+The mirror doubles as the outer CONFIG_SCHEMA's connection_slots bound, and
+the esp32 schema builder lazily imports esp32_ble and asserts the two values
+agree, but that assert only fires while building the esp32 schema. This test
+catches drift when the upstream constant changes without any esp32 config
+being validated.
+"""
+
+from esphome.components import esp32_ble
+from esphome.components.bluetooth_proxy import _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+
+
+def test_mirror_matches_esp32_ble() -> None:
+    assert _IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS == esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, (
+        "bluetooth_proxy._IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS is out of sync with "
+        "esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS; update the mirror in "
+        "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..765b2e48d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_outer_schema_mirror.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""The outer CONFIG_SCHEMA re-declares the esp32 scalar keys so tooling can walk
+them without importing the esp32 BLE stack; pin the two declarations together.
+
+The outer schema carries no defaults (the per-platform schema applies them), so
+drift cannot surface in validation output — a key renamed or removed in
+_esp32_config_schema() but not here would silently vanish from the dashboard's
+field extractor. This test is what catches that. The outer schema bounds
+connection_slots with the loosest platform cap (_IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS) so range
+walkers see a real Range; per-platform schemas tighten it, and the cap itself
+is pinned by test_idf_max_connections_mirror.
+"""
+
+import voluptuous as vol
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.bluetooth_proxy import CONFIG_SCHEMA, _esp32_config_schema
+
+
+def _esp32_schema_keys() -> dict[str, object]:
+    # The builder names its platform explicitly, so no CORE state is needed
+    # (this also mirrors how the language-schema dumper calls it).
+    return _keys(_schema_of(_esp32_config_schema()))
+
+
+# esp32-schema keys with no place in the outer schema: COMPONENT_SCHEMA
+# plumbing (derived, so a future core key does not fail this component's test),
+# generated IDs (not user-walkable options), and connections (must validate
+# exactly once — see the comment above CONFIG_SCHEMA).
+_NOT_MIRRORED = {str(key.schema) for key in cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.schema} | {
+    "connections"
+}
+
+
+def _schema_of(validator: cv.All) -> vol.Schema:
+    """The vol.Schema stage of a cv.All chain, found by type rather than by
+    position so reordering the chain cannot silently break these tests."""
+    schemas = [v for v in validator.validators if isinstance(v, vol.Schema)]
+    assert len(schemas) == 1, f"expected exactly one vol.Schema stage, got {schemas}"
+    return schemas[0]
+
+
+def _keys(schema: vol.Schema) -> dict[str, object]:
+    return {str(key.schema): key for key in schema.schema}
+
+
+def test_outer_scalar_keys_exist_in_esp32_schema() -> None:
+    outer = _keys(_schema_of(CONFIG_SCHEMA))
+    esp32 = _esp32_schema_keys()
+    missing = set(outer) - set(esp32)
+    assert not missing, (
+        f"outer CONFIG_SCHEMA declares {sorted(missing)} which the esp32 schema "
+        "does not; update one of them in "
+        "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py"
+    )
+
+
+def test_esp32_scalars_all_walkable() -> None:
+    """Every non-generated esp32 scalar option must appear in the outer schema
+    (connections is deliberately excluded — it must validate exactly once)."""
+    outer = _keys(_schema_of(CONFIG_SCHEMA))
+    esp32 = _esp32_schema_keys()
+    scalar = {
+        name
+        for name, key in esp32.items()
+        if isinstance(key, vol.Optional)
+        and not isinstance(key, cv.GenerateID)
+        and name not in _NOT_MIRRORED
+    }
+    missing = scalar - set(outer)
+    assert not missing, (
+        f"esp32 scalar options {sorted(missing)} are missing from the outer "
+        "CONFIG_SCHEMA and invisible to schema tooling; update "
+        "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fc7ffd23b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/bluetooth_proxy/test_platform_gates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+"""The three platform-gate branches: BLE-less platforms are rejected with the
+real reason, hub platforms reject GATT-only options by name, and the
+advertisement-only arm applies its own defaults."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, bluetooth_connection, bluetooth_proxy
+from esphome.config_helpers import frameworks_for_platforms
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACTIVE,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+# Advertisement-only hub platforms; rp2 runs the full proxy and has its own
+# tests below.
+HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS = [
+    PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+    PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+]
+
+HUB_TRACKERS = {
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX: "bk72xx_ble_tracker",
+    PLATFORM_LN882X: "ln882h_ble_tracker",
+    PLATFORM_RP2: "rp2_ble_tracker",
+}
+
+
+def test_hub_platform_list_covers_every_hub_platform() -> None:
+    # A platform added to _HUB_PLATFORMS would otherwise get no gate coverage
+    # at all; GATT platforms have their own tests.
+    advertisement_only = set(bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS) - set(
+        bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    )
+    assert {pf.value[0] for pf in HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS} == advertisement_only
+    assert set(HUB_TRACKERS) == set(bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS)
+
+
+def _set_platform(platform: str | None) -> None:
+    # For arms set_core_config cannot express (bare platform, no framework).
+    CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_CORE, {})[KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = platform
+
+
+def _register_tracker(platform: str) -> None:
+    # The ble_hub_id guard needs a loaded tracker, normally registered as an
+    # import side effect of the tracker module.
+    tracker = HUB_TRACKERS[platform]
+    ble_device_base.register_hub_provider(tracker)
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.add(tracker)
+
+
+def test_ble_less_platform_gets_the_real_reason(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on esp8266"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({})
+
+
+def test_ble_less_platform_connection_keys_fall_through(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    # The key-level rejection must not fire here — it would imply an
+    # advertisement-only proxy exists on this platform.
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on esp8266"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 2})
+
+
+def test_no_target_platform_keeps_the_key_gate_out_of_the_way() -> None:
+    # set_core_config cannot express "no platform"; script/build_codeowners.py
+    # sets exactly this shape, and the key gate returns early on it so the
+    # platform gate is what reports.
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on None"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 2})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform_framework", HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS)
+def test_hub_platform_rejects_active(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    _register_tracker(platform_framework.value[0])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Active connections are not supported"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"active": True})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform_framework", HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("key", "value"),
+    [
+        ("connection_slots", 2),
+        ("cache_services", True),
+        # Absent from the outer CONFIG_SCHEMA, so this gate is the only test
+        # that touches it.
+        ("connections", [{}]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_hub_platform_rejects_connection_keys_by_name(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+    key: str,
+    value: object,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"'{key}' requires active"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({key: value})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform_framework", HUB_PLATFORM_FRAMEWORKS)
+def test_hub_platform_accepts_the_advertisement_only_shape(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    _register_tracker(platform_framework.value[0])
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({})
+    assert validated[CONF_ACTIVE] is False
+
+
+def test_rp2_defaults_to_the_full_proxy(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    # esp32 parity: active defaults to true, with the platform's slot limit,
+    # and one populated connection entry for the codegen to index.
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({})
+    assert validated[CONF_ACTIVE] is True
+    assert validated[bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS] == 3
+    assert len(validated[bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTIONS]) == 3
+
+
+def test_rp2_accepts_explicit_passive(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ACTIVE: False})
+    assert validated[CONF_ACTIVE] is False
+    assert bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTIONS not in validated
+
+
+def test_rp2_rejects_slots_beyond_the_btstack_limit(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    # The BTstack pool overrides are sized for RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS slots.
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="at most 3 connection slot"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 4})
+    # Fewer slots than the cap stay accepted (the prebuilt single-client pool
+    # path for 1, the wrap path for 2).
+    validated = bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 1})
+    assert len(validated[bluetooth_proxy.CONF_CONNECTIONS]) == 1
+    # Values past even the loosest platform cap stop at the outer walkable
+    # schema, which stays bounded for range walkers (device-builder sync);
+    # in-range values get the platform message above.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="at most 9"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connection_slots": 12})
+
+
+def test_rp2_rejects_esp32_only_keys_by_name(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO)
+    _register_tracker(PLATFORM_RP2)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'cache_services' is esp32-only"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"cache_services": True})
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'connections' has no per-connection options"):
+        bluetooth_proxy.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"connections": [{}]})
+
+
+def test_hub_source_filter_covers_every_hub_platform() -> None:
+    # bluetooth_connection cannot import this module to derive the hub.cpp
+    # framework set, so pin it here: a platform admitted to the proxy but
+    # missing from the filter would validate, then fail at link.
+    expected = frameworks_for_platforms(
+        [*bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS, PLATFORM_ESP32]
+    )
+    hub_frameworks = bluetooth_connection.SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS[
+        "bluetooth_connection_hub.cpp"
+    ]
+    assert expected == hub_frameworks
+
+
+def test_bluetooth_connection_auto_load_covers_its_includes() -> None:
+    # The backend registers with its platform BLE stack (and the Bluedroid
+    # header includes the tracker's), so that closure lives here and
+    # consumers stay platform-blind; the platform-less arm is the union for
+    # manifest-resolving tooling.
+    _set_platform("esp32")
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
+    _set_platform("rp2")
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == ["ble_device_base", "rp2040_ble"]
+    _set_platform("ln882x")
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == ["ble_device_base"]
+    _set_platform(None)
+    assert bluetooth_connection.AUTO_LOAD() == [
+        "ble_device_base",
+        "esp32_ble_tracker",
+        "rp2040_ble",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_every_registered_hub_platform_has_a_schema_arm() -> None:
+    # A platform added to HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS without a schema builder or
+    # _HUB_PLATFORMS entry would only fail when a config for it is validated
+    # (or not even then); pin both couplings here. Connection codegen is
+    # shared (bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend), so it needs no arm.
+    registered = set(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+    assert registered <= set(bluetooth_proxy._GATT_HUB_SCHEMAS)
+    assert registered <= set(bluetooth_proxy._HUB_PLATFORMS)
+    # Hub platforms must also be in the backend registry the shared codegen
+    # helpers dispatch on.
+    assert registered <= set(bluetooth_connection._PLATFORM_BACKENDS)
+    # The outer walkable schema's bound must stay the loosest platform cap.
+    assert (
+        max(bluetooth_connection.HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS.values())
+        <= bluetooth_proxy._IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    )
+
+
+def test_defines_h_mirrors_the_rp2_slot_cap() -> None:
+    # esphome/core/defines.h carries a literal BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    # for static analysis; pin it to the real rp2 cap.
+    defines = (Path(__file__).parents[3] / "esphome" / "core" / "defines.h").read_text()
+    cap = bluetooth_connection.RP2_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+    # The rp2 arm's define, tolerating blank/comment lines in between.
+    match = re.search(
+        r"#elif defined\(USE_RP2\)\s*(?:(?://[^\n]*)?\n)+#define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS (\d+)",
+        defines,
+    )
+    assert match is not None, "no USE_RP2 arm defines BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == cap, (
+        f"defines.h rp2 arm carries {match.group(1)}, expected {cap}"
+    )
+    # The static-analysis client count scales with the same cap. Scoped to
+    # the USE_RP2 block: the esp32 arm carries its own count.
+    rp2_block = re.search(r"#ifdef USE_RP2\n((?:#define [^\n]*\n)+)", defines)
+    assert rp2_block is not None, "no USE_RP2 platform block in defines.h"
+    match = re.search(
+        r"#define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT (\d+)", rp2_block.group(1)
+    )
+    assert match is not None, "ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT missing from rp2 block"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == cap, (
+        f"rp2 ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT is {match.group(1)}, expected {cap}"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/conftest.py b/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
index 3730978ec3..4f0b786cc2 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
@@ -57,6 +57,14 @@ def reset_core() -> Generator[None]:
     CORE.reset()
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_full_config() -> Generator[None]:
+    """Give each test a clean final-validate config and restore it after."""
+    token = final_validate.full_config.set({})
+    yield
+    final_validate.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def set_core_config() -> Generator[SetCoreConfigCallable]:
     """Fixture to set up the core configuration for tests."""
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
index 84128d75d7..e68b1d17cc 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 """Tests for the deep sleep component."""
 
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import deep_sleep
+from esphome.const import CONF_WAKEUP_PIN, PlatformFramework
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
 
 def test_deep_sleep_setup(generate_main):
     """
@@ -33,6 +41,43 @@ def test_deep_sleep_run_duration_simple(generate_main):
     assert "deepsleep->set_run_duration(10000);" in main_cpp
 
 
+def test_deep_sleep_on_wake_trigger(generate_main):
+    """
+    When deep sleep is configured with a component-level on_wake automation,
+    a WakeTrigger component should be registered with the wakeup cause as
+    the automation argument.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep3.yaml")
+
+    assert "deep_sleep::WakeTrigger();" in main_cpp
+    assert "Automation<deep_sleep::WakeupCause>" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_deep_sleep_ext1_on_wake_triggers(generate_main):
+    """
+    Each esp32_ext1_wakeup pin with an on_wake automation should get its own
+    Ext1WakeTrigger with the pin number, and all pins (including the legacy
+    bare-pin shorthand) should contribute to the ext1 wakeup mask.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep3.yaml")
+
+    assert "deep_sleep::Ext1WakeTrigger(2);" in main_cpp
+    assert "deep_sleep::Ext1WakeTrigger(4);" in main_cpp
+    # GPIO13 has no on_wake, so no trigger is created for it
+    assert "deep_sleep::Ext1WakeTrigger(13)" not in main_cpp
+    # mask covers GPIO2, GPIO4 and GPIO13
+    assert ".mask = 8212," in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_deep_sleep_no_on_wake_no_triggers(generate_main):
+    """
+    Without any on_wake automations, no wake trigger code should be generated.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep1.yaml")
+
+    assert "WakeTrigger" not in main_cpp
+
+
 def test_deep_sleep_run_duration_dictionary(generate_main):
     """
     When deep sleep is configured with dictionary run duration, it should be set.
@@ -46,3 +91,35 @@ def test_deep_sleep_run_duration_dictionary(generate_main):
         "    .gpio_cause = 30000,\n"
         "});"
     ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_deep_sleep_bk72xx_wakeup_pin_mode_at_both_levels_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """On BK72xx, wakeup_pin_mode at the top level and under the pin entry is an error."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO)
+    config = {
+        CONF_WAKEUP_PIN: [
+            {"pin": "GPIO12", deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE: "KEEP_AWAKE"}
+        ],
+        deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE: "INVERT_WAKEUP",
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not both"):
+        deep_sleep.validate_config(config)
+
+
+def test_deep_sleep_bk72xx_top_level_wakeup_pin_mode_moved_onto_single_pin(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """On BK72xx, a top-level wakeup_pin_mode is moved onto the only pin entry."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO)
+    config = {
+        CONF_WAKEUP_PIN: [{"pin": "GPIO12"}],
+        deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE: "INVERT_WAKEUP",
+    }
+    result = deep_sleep.validate_config(config)
+
+    assert deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE not in result
+    assert (
+        result[CONF_WAKEUP_PIN][0][deep_sleep.CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE] == "INVERT_WAKEUP"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71a0340b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+deep_sleep:
+  id: deepsleep
+  sleep_duration: 1min
+  run_duration: 10s
+  on_wake:
+    - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("test", "cause %d", static_cast<int>(cause));'
+  esp32_ext1_wakeup:
+    mode: ANY_HIGH
+    pins:
+      - pin: GPIO2
+        on_wake:
+          - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("test", "left");'
+      - pin:
+          number: GPIO4
+        on_wake:
+          - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("test", "right");'
+      - number: GPIO13
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/emontx/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/emontx/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/emontx/test_sensor_defaults.py b/tests/component_tests/emontx/test_sensor_defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c6a8e4108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/emontx/test_sensor_defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""Tests for emontx sensor tag defaults."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.emontx.sensor import CONFIG_SCHEMA, apply_tag_defaults
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS,
+    CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
+    CONF_STATE_CLASS,
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+    UNIT_AMPERE,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_EMPTY,
+    UNIT_HERTZ,
+    UNIT_PULSES,
+    UNIT_VOLT,
+    UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
+    UNIT_WATT,
+    UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
+)
+
+
+def _resolve_via_config_schema(tag: str) -> dict:
+    """Run a minimal config through the real CONFIG_SCHEMA pipeline, the
+    same path a user's YAML goes through."""
+    return CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {"tag_name": tag, "emontx_id": "my_emontx", "name": f"{tag} sensor"}
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_schema_applies_tag_default_state_class():
+    """If sensor_schema(state_class=...) is reintroduced, the schema-level
+    default wins over apply_tag_defaults' per-prefix value, and E1 would
+    resolve to measurement instead of total_increasing. Driving the real
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA (not just apply_tag_defaults) catches that, since
+    sensor_schema() runs before apply_tag_defaults in the cv.All() chain.
+    """
+    result = _resolve_via_config_schema("E1")
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(
+        STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_schema_applies_tag_default_accuracy_decimals():
+    """Same root cause as the state_class regression: reintroducing
+    sensor_schema(accuracy_decimals=...) would make V1 resolve to the
+    schema-level default instead of the prefix-specific value of 2.
+    """
+    result = _resolve_via_config_schema("V1")
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == 2
+
+
+def _make_config(tag: str) -> dict:
+    """Minimal config dict with only tag_name set — no overrides."""
+    return {"tag_name": tag}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tag", "expected_state_class", "expected_decimals"),
+    [
+        # Known numeric-index prefixes
+        ("E1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("E12", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("P1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        ("V1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("I1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("T1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        # Known patterns
+        ("PULSE1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("PULSE12", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("PF1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("AP1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        ("AP12", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        # Frequency: reported as a single, un-numbered tag
+        ("F", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 2),
+        # Unknown / free-form tags fall back to generic defaults
+        ("CUSTOM1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        ("X", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        # "F1" is not the exact "F" tag, so it falls back to generic defaults
+        ("F1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        # "PULSE" (no index) is how some real emonTx firmware reports a
+        # single pulse counter, so it still resolves to the PULSE defaults
+        ("PULSE", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        # Real firmware sends this lowercase; tag_upper's case-folding must
+        # still match it against the PULSE pattern
+        ("pulse", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        # PF/AP require a numeric index; the bare prefix alone (no index)
+        # falls back to generic defaults
+        ("PF", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+        ("AP", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 0),
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults(tag, expected_state_class, expected_decimals):
+    """apply_tag_defaults must inject the correct state_class and accuracy_decimals
+    for each tag type when no user overrides are present."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(expected_state_class)
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == expected_decimals
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tag", "expected_unit", "expected_device_class"),
+    [
+        # Known numeric-index prefixes
+        ("E1", UNIT_WATT_HOURS, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("E12", UNIT_WATT_HOURS, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("P1", UNIT_WATT, DEVICE_CLASS_POWER),
+        ("V1", UNIT_VOLT, DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE),
+        ("I1", UNIT_AMPERE, DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT),
+        ("T1", UNIT_CELSIUS, DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE),
+        # Known patterns
+        ("PULSE1", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("PULSE12", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        # Bare "PULSE" (no index), as reported by some real emonTx firmware
+        ("PULSE", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        # Real firmware sends this lowercase; tag_upper's case-folding must
+        # still match it against the PULSE pattern
+        ("pulse", UNIT_PULSES, DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY),
+        ("PF1", UNIT_EMPTY, DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR),
+        ("AP1", UNIT_VOLT_AMPS, DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER),
+        ("AP12", UNIT_VOLT_AMPS, DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER),
+        # Frequency: reported as a single, un-numbered tag
+        ("F", UNIT_HERTZ, DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY),
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults_unit_and_device_class(
+    tag, expected_unit, expected_device_class
+):
+    """apply_tag_defaults must inject the correct, validated unit_of_measurement
+    and device_class for each tag type when no user overrides are present."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert result[CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT] == sensor.validate_unit_of_measurement(
+        expected_unit
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_DEVICE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_device_class(
+        expected_device_class
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "tag",
+    [
+        "CUSTOM1",
+        "X",
+        # Non-numeric suffixes must not collide with a PATTERN_CONFIGS prefix
+        # (e.g. "APPLE" starting with "AP", "PFX" starting with "PF").
+        "APPLE",
+        "PFX",
+        "PULSE_A",
+        # "F1" is not the exact "F" tag
+        "F1",
+        # Bare "PF"/"AP" (no numeric index) don't match; unlike "PULSE",
+        # real firmware never reports these without an index
+        "PF",
+        "AP",
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults_unknown_tag_has_no_unit_or_device_class(tag):
+    """Unknown / free-form tags only get generic state_class and
+    accuracy_decimals defaults; unit_of_measurement and device_class are left
+    for the user to set explicitly."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT not in result
+    assert CONF_DEVICE_CLASS not in result
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(
+        STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("tag", "user_state_class", "user_decimals"),
+    [
+        # User overrides must not be clobbered by defaults
+        ("E1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 3),
+        ("PULSE1", STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT, 1),
+        ("V1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 0),
+        ("CUSTOM1", STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING, 4),
+    ],
+)
+def test_apply_tag_defaults_respects_user_overrides(
+    tag, user_state_class, user_decimals
+):
+    """apply_tag_defaults must not overwrite values already set by the user."""
+    config = _make_config(tag)
+    config[CONF_STATE_CLASS] = sensor.validate_state_class(user_state_class)
+    config[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] = user_decimals
+
+    result = apply_tag_defaults(config)
+
+    assert result[CONF_STATE_CLASS] == sensor.validate_state_class(user_state_class)
+    assert result[CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS] == user_decimals
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/config/t133a01_no_init_sequence.yaml b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/config/t133a01_no_init_sequence.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1032927146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/config/t133a01_no_init_sequence.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+spi:
+  clk_pin: GPIO18
+  mosi_pin: GPIO19
+
+display:
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    id: epaper_display
+    model: t133a01
+    dc_pin: GPIO21
+    reset_pin: GPIO38
+    cs_pin: GPIO10
+    cs1_pin: GPIO2
+    busy_pin: GPIO13
+    update_interval: never
+    dimensions:
+      width: 200
+      height: 200
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py
index c7f34d7dd2..7a0507542e 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/epaper_spi/test_init.py
@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@ def test_all_predefined_models(
         if not model.get_default(CONF_CS_PIN):
             config[CONF_CS_PIN] = 5
 
+        # Dual-CS models (e.g. T133A01) require a second chip-select pin
+        if model.manages_cs and not model.get_default("cs1_pin"):
+            config["cs1_pin"] = 4
+
         # Select an ESP32 variant on which all of this model's pins are valid
         # (some models default to high-numbered pins only present on the S3).
         choose_variant_with_pins(_pins_for(model, config))
@@ -204,6 +208,10 @@ def test_individual_models(
     if not model.get_default(CONF_CS_PIN):
         config[CONF_CS_PIN] = 5
 
+    # Dual-CS models (e.g. T133A01) require a second chip-select pin
+    if model.manages_cs and not model.get_default("cs1_pin"):
+        config["cs1_pin"] = 4
+
     # Select an ESP32 variant on which all of this model's pins are valid
     # (some models default to high-numbered pins only present on the S3).
     choose_variant_with_pins(_pins_for(model, config))
@@ -454,3 +462,24 @@ def test_enable_pin_code_generation(
     # Both pin objects must be passed to the display via set_enable_pins() as a
     # std::vector initializer list, in the configured order.
     assert f"set_enable_pins({{{pin_25}, {pin_26}}});" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_model_with_no_default_init_sequence_generates(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that code generation succeeds for a model with no default init sequence.
+
+    The base "t133a01" model (used directly, not via one of its `.extend()`
+    variants) doesn't override `get_init_sequence()` or pass `initsequence` to
+    its constructor, and the user didn't supply `init_sequence:` either.
+    `EpaperModel.get_init_sequence()` used to default to `None` in this case,
+    which made `flatten_sequence()` raise a `TypeError` during code
+    generation. Regression test for that crash.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("t133a01_no_init_sequence.yaml"))
+
+    # The generated constructor call takes (name, width, height, init_sequence,
+    # init_sequence_length, ...); a length of 0 confirms the empty init
+    # sequence array was generated instead of raising during code generation.
+    assert re.search(r"epaper_spi::EPaperT133A01\([^;]*,\s*\w+,\s*0\);", main_cpp)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68f9cf1d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+  libraries:
+    - NetworkClientSecure
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: arduino
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_full.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_full.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..179fc12f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_full.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      use_full_certificate_bundle: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b29e5de2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af44693806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    sdkconfig_options:
+      CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE: y
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba5bf17688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+i2c:
+  sda: 21
+  scl: 22
+
+output:
+  - platform: ledc
+    id: ledc_out
+    pin: 25
+  - platform: ac_dimmer
+    id: dimmer_out
+    gate_pin: 26
+    zero_cross_pin: 27
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bc5c936e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+esp32_camera_web_server:
+  port: 8080
+  mode: stream
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5adfd66b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c509942635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+mqtt:
+  broker: "10.0.0.1"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c6e527b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+uart:
+  tx_pin: 17
+  rx_pin: 16
+  baud_rate: 115200
+
+display:
+  - platform: nextion
+    tft_url: "http://10.0.0.1/display.tft"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a82d4aaba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    sdkconfig_options:
+      CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION: y
+      CONFIG_NVS_SEC_KEY_PROTECT_USING_HMAC: y
+      CONFIG_NVS_SEC_HMAC_EFUSE_KEY_ID: "0"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6041bffee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+web_server:
+  version: 3
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2580e77736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    sdkconfig_options:
+      CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION: n
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_ethernet_priority.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_ethernet_priority.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d98d19f545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/network_wifi_ethernet_priority.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/nvs_encryption_s3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/nvs_encryption_s3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..371f2e28ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/nvs_encryption_s3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      nvs_encryption:
+        key_id: 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_ecdsa256_c6.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_ecdsa256_c6.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d504e36a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_ecdsa256_c6.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32c6
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_scheme: ecdsa256
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_ecdsa_v1.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_ecdsa_v1.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d0dad947a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_ecdsa_v1.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_scheme: ecdsa_v1
+        verification_key: ../../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key_v1_ecdsa.pem
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_external_rsa_s3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_external_rsa_s3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f63f3ab690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_external_rsa_s3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_scheme: rsa3072
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_signing_key_s3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_signing_key_s3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a42301e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_signing_key_s3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_scheme: rsa3072
+        signing_key: ../../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_verification_keys_s3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_verification_keys_s3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28966eba40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/signed_ota_verification_keys_s3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_scheme: rsa3072
+        verification_keys:
+          - ../../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
index cea34bef7c..297844b4e6 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
@@ -10,10 +10,17 @@ from typing import Any
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED,
+    KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED,
+    KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED,
+    KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED,
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANTS,
     NetworkSdkconfigData,
+    RawSdkconfigValue,
+    _ota_downgrade_protection_errors,
     _reconcile_network_sdkconfig,
+    _reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig,
 )
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     KEY_ESP32,
@@ -107,6 +114,38 @@ def test_esp32_default_toolchain_is_esp_idf(
     assert CORE.toolchain == expected
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config_toolchain",
+    [Toolchain.SDK_NRF.value, "nonsense"],
+)
+def test_esp32_rejects_unsupported_toolchains(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    config_toolchain: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Toolchains esp32 does not support are rejected at validation time."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    CORE.toolchain = None
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unknown value"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"variant": VARIANT_ESP32, "toolchain": config_toolchain})
+
+
+def test_esp32_rejects_unsupported_cli_toolchain(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A --toolchain the platform cannot serve fails instead of silently
+    building with PlatformIO (the CLI path bypasses the YAML validator)."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"variant": VARIANT_ESP32})
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("config", "error_match"),
     [
@@ -174,6 +213,29 @@ def test_esp32_default_toolchain_is_esp_idf(
             r"'ignore_efuse_mac_crc' is not supported on ESP32S3 @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['ignore_efuse_mac_crc'\]",
             id="ignore_efuse_mac_crc_only_on_esp32",
         ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                "variant": "esp32",
+                "board": "esp32dev",
+                "framework": {
+                    "type": "esp-idf",
+                    "advanced": {"nvs_encryption": {"key_id": 0}},
+                },
+            },
+            r"NVS encryption \(HMAC scheme\) is not supported on ESP32 .* @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['nvs_encryption'\]",
+            id="nvs_encryption_unsupported_on_esp32",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                "variant": "esp32s3",
+                "framework": {
+                    "type": "esp-idf",
+                    "advanced": {"nvs_encryption": {"key_id": 6}},
+                },
+            },
+            r"value must be at most 5 .* @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['nvs_encryption'\]\['key_id'\]",
+            id="nvs_encryption_key_id_out_of_range",
+        ),
     ],
 )
 def test_esp32_configuration_errors(
@@ -189,6 +251,147 @@ def test_esp32_configuration_errors(
         FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(CONFIG_SCHEMA(config))
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "reincluded"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes.yaml",
+            ("esp_driver_i2c", "esp_driver_ledc", "esp_driver_gptimer"),
+            id="i2c_ledc_ac_dimmer",
+        ),
+        # esp-tls has three owners; a per-owner config makes a dropped
+        # re-include from any single one fail the test.
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls", "esp_http_client"),
+            id="http_request",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            # "mqtt" itself is deliberately not asserted: on IDF >= 6.0 it
+            # is a managed component and never leaves the exclusion set.
+            "exclusion_reincludes_mqtt.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls",),
+            id="mqtt",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_web_server.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls", "esp_http_server"),
+            id="web_server_idf",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "nvs_encryption_s3.yaml",
+            ("nvs_sec_provider",),
+            id="nvs_encryption",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_nvs_sdkconfig.yaml",
+            ("nvs_sec_provider",),
+            id="nvs_encryption_raw_sdkconfig",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_camera_web_server.yaml",
+            ("esp_http_server",),
+            id="esp32_camera_web_server",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_nextion.yaml",
+            ("esp-tls", "esp_http_client"),
+            id="nextion",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_default_exclusions_reincluded_by_owning_components(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    reincluded: tuple[str, ...],
+) -> None:
+    """Components whose IDF driver is excluded by default must re-include it
+    during codegen; a dropped include_builtin_idf_component() call would only
+    surface as a missing-header failure in a full compile job."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS
+
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    excluded = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+
+    for name in reincluded:
+        assert name not in excluded, f"{name} should have been re-included"
+
+    # Components no part of this config touches stay excluded.
+    assert "unity" in excluded
+    assert "fatfs" in excluded
+    # The HTTP server only comes back for configs that run one.
+    assert ("esp_http_server" in excluded) == ("esp_http_server" not in reincluded)
+
+
+def test_nvs_sec_provider_stays_excluded_when_encryption_is_off(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """An explicit CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION=n keeps nvs_sec_provider excluded."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS
+
+    generate_main(component_config_path("exclusion_stays_nvs_sdkconfig_off.yaml"))
+    assert "nvs_sec_provider" in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS]
+
+
+_BUNDLE_OPTIONS = (
+    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE",
+    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN",
+    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL",
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "expected"),
+    [
+        pytest.param("exclusion_reincludes.yaml", (False, None, None), id="no_tls"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "certificate_bundle_http_request.yaml",
+            (True, True, False),
+            id="http_request",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "exclusion_reincludes_http_request.yaml",
+            (False, None, None),
+            id="http_request_no_verify",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "certificate_bundle_full.yaml", (True, None, True), id="full_option"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "certificate_bundle_arduino_tls.yaml",
+            (True, True, False),
+            id="arduino_network_client_secure",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_certificate_bundle_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    expected: tuple[bool | None, ...],
+) -> None:
+    """The bundle and its CMN/FULL variant are written only when requested."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert tuple(sdkconfig.get(name) for name in _BUNDLE_OPTIONS) == expected
+
+
+def test_user_sdkconfig_certificate_bundle_wins(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """A raw sdkconfig_options bundle setting is kept and still pins CMN."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("certificate_bundle_sdkconfig.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    value = sdkconfig["CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE"]
+    assert isinstance(value, RawSdkconfigValue)
+    assert value.value == "y"
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_CMN") is True
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL") is False
+
+
 def test_execute_from_psram_s3_sdkconfig(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
@@ -213,6 +416,68 @@ def test_execute_from_psram_p4_sdkconfig(
     assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
 
 
+def test_nvs_encryption_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that nvs_encryption sets the HMAC scheme sdkconfig options."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("nvs_encryption_s3.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_NVS_ENCRYPTION") is True
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_NVS_SEC_KEY_PROTECT_USING_HMAC") is True
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_NVS_SEC_HMAC_EFUSE_KEY_ID") == 0
+    # The permanent/irreversible eFuse burn is warned about at config time.
+    assert "PERMANENT and IRREVERSIBLE" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "multi_key", "idf_on_update"),
+    [
+        # Externally-signed RSA with a declared trusted-key list hands
+        # verification to ESPHome's multi-key verifier, so IDF's single-block
+        # on-update check must be OFF. It defaults ON under
+        # SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT, so it has to be set to False
+        # explicitly -- not merely omitted.
+        ("signed_ota_verification_keys_s3.yaml", True, False),
+        # Externally-signed RSA without a trusted-key list has no trust anchor,
+        # so it falls back to IDF's built-in check.
+        ("signed_ota_external_rsa_s3.yaml", False, True),
+        # Build-time signing and the other schemes keep IDF's check.
+        ("signed_ota_signing_key_s3.yaml", False, True),
+        ("signed_ota_ecdsa256_c6.yaml", False, True),
+        ("signed_ota_ecdsa_v1.yaml", False, True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_signed_ota_verification_sdkconfig(
+    fixture: str,
+    multi_key: bool,
+    idf_on_update: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Only external RSA disables IDF's on-update check and uses ESPHome's verifier."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    # The padded, externally-signable image is always produced.
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT") is True
+    # Explicit value (never left to the Kconfig default) decides who verifies.
+    assert (
+        sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_ON_UPDATE_NO_SECURE_BOOT") is idf_on_update
+    )
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY" in defines) is multi_key
+    if multi_key:
+        # The padding / reserved signature sector the verifier depends on keys
+        # off the RSA scheme symbol, not the hidden CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS
+        # (which the explicit `n` above drives to n). Pin the real dependency.
+        assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME") is True
+        # The compiled-in trust anchor: the fixture lists one key.
+        define_values = {define.name: str(define.value) for define in CORE.defines}
+        assert define_values["OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_COUNT"] == "1"
+        assert "OTA_TRUSTED_KEY_DIGESTS" in define_values
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("fixture", "expect_warning"),
     [
@@ -415,26 +680,18 @@ def test_flash_mode_unset_leaves_defaults(
         ),
         pytest.param(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
-            NetworkSdkconfigData(
-                wifi=True, bluetooth=True, ble_42=True, software_coexistence=True
-            ),
+            NetworkSdkconfigData(wifi=True, bluetooth=True, software_coexistence=True),
             {},
             {
                 "CONFIG_BT_ENABLED": True,
                 "CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED": True,
+                "CONFIG_BT_BLE_50_FEATURES_SUPPORTED": False,
                 "CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE": True,
                 "CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT": False,
                 "CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS": False,
             },
             id="idf_wifi_ble_tracker_coexistence",
         ),
-        pytest.param(
-            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
-            NetworkSdkconfigData(bluetooth=True),
-            {},
-            {"CONFIG_BT_ENABLED": True},
-            id="idf_ble_server_only_no_ble42",
-        ),
         # --- IDF: user sdkconfig_options always win ---
         pytest.param(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
@@ -518,6 +775,160 @@ def test_reconcile_network_sdkconfig(
     assert CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS] == expected
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("requires", "fatfs_required", "disables", "preset", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Nothing required and every disable_* flag off (NOT the shipped defaults, which
+        # disable everything): VFS enabled, FATFS left untouched entirely.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            False,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+            },
+            id="nothing_disabled_nothing_required",
+        ),
+        # The shipped out-of-the-box path: every disable_* flag defaults to True and nothing
+        # is required -- VFS off, FATFS at the smallest footprint (8.3 names, one volume).
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            False,
+            (True, True, True, True),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": False,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": False,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": False,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 1,
+            },
+            id="all_disabled_fatfs_fallback",
+        ),
+        # A component's require_* beats the user's disable_* flag for every VFS feature.
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                KEY_VFS_TERMIOS_REQUIRED: True,
+                KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED: True,
+                KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED: True,
+            },
+            False,
+            (True, True, True, False),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+            },
+            id="require_beats_disable",
+        ),
+        # A user sdkconfig_options preset wins over a require (the set_opt guard).
+        pytest.param(
+            {KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED: True},
+            False,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {"CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": False},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": False,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+            },
+            id="user_preset_wins_over_require",
+        ),
+        # require_fatfs() with no user preset: long filenames on the heap, 255 chars,
+        # four volumes.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            True,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": False,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_MAX_LFN": 255,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 4,
+            },
+            id="fatfs_required_defaults",
+        ),
+        # CONFIG_FATFS_LONG_FILENAMES is a Kconfig choice: a user picking any member
+        # (here LFN_STACK) leaves the whole group untouched -- no second =y in the choice.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            True,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {"CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_STACK": "y"},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_STACK": "y",
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 4,
+            },
+            id="fatfs_user_lfn_stack_untouched",
+        ),
+        # disable_fatfs (the shipped default) with a user LFN pick: the choice group is the
+        # user's -- no LFN_NONE=y written next to their member, only the volume fallback.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            False,
+            (False, False, False, True),
+            {"CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP": "y"},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_HEAP": "y",
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 1,
+            },
+            id="disable_fatfs_user_lfn_untouched",
+        ),
+        # Same for an explicit LFN_NONE preset: the group is the user's, only the volume
+        # count default is added.
+        pytest.param(
+            {},
+            True,
+            (False, False, False, False),
+            {"CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": "y"},
+            {
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT": True,
+                "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR": True,
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_LFN_NONE": "y",
+                "CONFIG_FATFS_VOLUME_COUNT": 4,
+            },
+            id="fatfs_user_lfn_none_untouched",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    requires: dict[str, bool],
+    fatfs_required: bool,
+    disables: tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool],
+    preset: dict[str, Any],
+    expected: dict[str, Any],
+) -> None:
+    """The FINAL-priority reconciler resolves the VFS feature flags and the FATFS
+    defaults from the recorded require_* calls, with user sdkconfig_options winning
+    and the LFN Kconfig choice treated as one group."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS: dict(preset)}
+    if fatfs_required:
+        CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED] = True
+    for key, value in requires.items():
+        CORE.data[key] = value
+
+    asyncio.run(_reconcile_vfs_fatfs_sdkconfig(*disables))
+
+    assert CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS] == expected
+
+
 def test_network_wifi_only_reconciles_end_to_end(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
@@ -555,8 +966,265 @@ def test_network_wifi_ble_coexistence_reconciles_end_to_end(
     sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED") is True
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED") is True
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_BT_BLE_50_FEATURES_SUPPORTED") is False
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE") is True
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT") is False
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS") is False
     # WiFi present alongside BT -> WiFi stack must stay enabled.
     assert "CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED" not in sdkconfig
+
+
+def test_network_wifi_ethernet_priority_keeps_wifi_enabled(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """End-to-end: with both WiFi and Ethernet declared under network: priority:,
+    the reconciler must NOT disable the WiFi stack or coexistence (the
+    multi-interface case unlocked by composing network priority with the
+    sdkconfig reconciler)."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("network_wifi_ethernet_priority.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert "CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_ENABLED" not in sdkconfig
+    assert "CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE" not in sdkconfig
+    # WiFi has no AP here, so SoftAP/DHCP server are still dropped.
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SOFTAP_SUPPORT") is False
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS") is False
+
+
+def test_esp32_build_internals_are_yaml_only() -> None:
+    """ESP32 raw framework / build inputs are ``YAML_ONLY``.
+
+    The framework block's PlatformIO package pins, raw ESP-IDF
+    sdkconfig options, the low-level ``advanced`` block, extra IDF
+    component sources, plus the partition table and toolchain override
+    on the main schema are build internals — never UI form fields.
+    User-facing choices (framework type/version, board, variant, …)
+    stay on the main form.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import CONFIG_SCHEMA, FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA
+
+    fw_markers = {str(k): k for k in FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA.schema}
+    for field in (
+        "release",
+        "source",
+        "platform_version",
+        "sdkconfig_options",
+        "advanced",
+        "components",
+    ):
+        assert fw_markers[field].visibility is cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY, field
+    # Framework type/version remain user-facing.
+    assert fw_markers["type"].visibility is None
+    assert fw_markers["version"].visibility is None
+
+    main_markers = {str(k): k for k in CONFIG_SCHEMA.validators[0].schema}
+    assert main_markers["partitions"].visibility is cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
+    # toolchain is a real but rarely-touched override -> advanced disclosure.
+    assert main_markers["toolchain"].visibility is cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+    assert main_markers["board"].visibility is None
+    assert main_markers["flash_size"].visibility is None
+
+
+def test_downgrade_protection_passes_with_numeric_version_and_signing() -> None:
+    assert _ota_downgrade_protection_errors("1.2.3", signed_ota_enabled=True) == []
+
+
+def test_downgrade_protection_accepts_calendar_version() -> None:
+    assert _ota_downgrade_protection_errors("2024.12.0", signed_ota_enabled=True) == []
+
+
+def test_downgrade_protection_requires_project_version() -> None:
+    errs = _ota_downgrade_protection_errors(None, signed_ota_enabled=True)
+    assert len(errs) == 1
+    assert "version" in str(errs[0])
+
+
+def test_downgrade_protection_rejects_non_numeric_version() -> None:
+    errs = _ota_downgrade_protection_errors("1.0-beta", signed_ota_enabled=True)
+    assert len(errs) == 1
+    assert "dotted-numeric" in str(errs[0])
+
+
+def test_downgrade_protection_requires_signed_ota() -> None:
+    errs = _ota_downgrade_protection_errors("1.2.3", signed_ota_enabled=False)
+    assert len(errs) == 1
+    assert "signed_ota_verification" in str(errs[0])
+
+
+def test_downgrade_protection_reports_all_unmet_requirements() -> None:
+    # No project version and no signing -> two distinct errors.
+    errs = _ota_downgrade_protection_errors(None, signed_ota_enabled=False)
+    assert len(errs) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config",
+    [
+        # V2 schemes: signing key (sign during build) or no key at all
+        # (external signing; the public key travels in the signature block).
+        {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072", "signing_key": "key.pem"},
+        {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072"},
+        {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa256", "signing_key": "key.pem"},
+        {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa256"},
+        # V1 ECDSA: exactly one of signing key / verification key.
+        {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa_v1", "signing_key": "key.pem"},
+        {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa_v1", "verification_key": "key.bin"},
+        # External RSA with a compiled-in trusted-key list (digests).
+        {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072", "verification_keys": ["ab" * 32]},
+        {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072", "verification_keys": ["ab" * 32, "cd" * 32]},
+    ],
+)
+def test_signed_ota_keys_valid_combinations(config: dict) -> None:
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import _validate_signed_ota_keys
+
+    assert _validate_signed_ota_keys(config) is config
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [None, {}])
+def test_signed_ota_bare_block_selects_v2_external_signing(value: dict | None) -> None:
+    """A bare `signed_ota_verification:` block is valid: the default V2
+    scheme embeds the public key in the signature block, so verifying
+    externally-signed binaries needs no keys in the config."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import _validate_signed_ota_verification
+
+    config = _validate_signed_ota_verification(value)
+    assert config == {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "match"),
+    [
+        # A verification key is meaningless with the V2 schemes -- the public
+        # key is embedded in each image's signature block.
+        (
+            {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072", "verification_key": "key.bin"},
+            "only used with signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1'",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa256", "verification_key": "key.bin"},
+            "only used with signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1'",
+        ),
+        # V1 ECDSA needs a key either way.
+        (
+            {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa_v1"},
+            "Signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1' requires either",
+        ),
+        # Never both keys at once.
+        (
+            {
+                "signing_scheme": "rsa3072",
+                "signing_key": "key.pem",
+                "verification_key": "key.bin",
+            },
+            "not both",
+        ),
+        (
+            {
+                "signing_scheme": "ecdsa_v1",
+                "signing_key": "key.pem",
+                "verification_key": "key.bin",
+            },
+            "not both",
+        ),
+        # A trusted-key list only applies to external RSA.
+        (
+            {"signing_scheme": "ecdsa256", "verification_keys": ["ab" * 32]},
+            "only used with signing scheme 'rsa3072'",
+        ),
+        # Can't both auto-sign and verify against a fixed trusted set.
+        (
+            {
+                "signing_scheme": "rsa3072",
+                "signing_key": "key.pem",
+                "verification_keys": ["ab" * 32],
+            },
+            "cannot be combined with",
+        ),
+        # The singular V1 key and the RSA trusted-key list are mutually exclusive.
+        (
+            {
+                "signing_scheme": "rsa3072",
+                "verification_key": "key.bin",
+                "verification_keys": ["ab" * 32],
+            },
+            "at most one",
+        ),
+        # Duplicate trusted keys are rejected.
+        (
+            {"signing_scheme": "rsa3072", "verification_keys": ["ab" * 32, "ab" * 32]},
+            "must be unique",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_signed_ota_keys_invalid_combinations(config: dict, match: str) -> None:
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import _validate_signed_ota_keys
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=match):
+        _validate_signed_ota_keys(config)
+
+
+def test_sbv2_rsa_key_digest_known_answer() -> None:
+    """The compiled-in trust anchor is the block-format digest the device
+    computes per signature block; pin it to espsecure's known output for the
+    shipped dummy key so a future change to the derivation can't drift silently.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import _sbv2_rsa_key_digest
+
+    key = (
+        Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+        / "components"
+        / "esp32"
+        / "dummy_signing_key.pem"
+    )
+    assert (
+        _sbv2_rsa_key_digest(key).hex()
+        == "957671f5ec1b55b3fb1d32c5525a68d3b8c33847922daddb4feefe64cd679f65"
+    )
+
+
+def test_validate_trusted_key_hex_forms() -> None:
+    """The digest-input branch: the same key as an uppercase 64-hex digest
+    normalizes to the PEM-derived value (the two forms are interchangeable), and
+    a mangled digest fails clearly instead of as a missing file.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import _sbv2_rsa_key_digest, _validate_trusted_key
+
+    key = (
+        Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+        / "components"
+        / "esp32"
+        / "dummy_signing_key.pem"
+    )
+    pem_digest = _sbv2_rsa_key_digest(key).hex()
+    assert _validate_trusted_key(pem_digest.upper()) == pem_digest
+    for bad in (pem_digest[:-1], "0x" + pem_digest):
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="64 hex"):
+            _validate_trusted_key(bad)
+    # An unquoted 0x.../all-digit digest reaches the validator as a YAML int.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Quote the digest"):
+        _validate_trusted_key(0x957671F5EC1B55B3)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Full x.y.z versions are rewritten into pioarduino release URLs
+        (
+            "55.3.30",
+            "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.30/platform-espressif32.zip",
+        ),
+        (
+            "55.3.31-2",
+            "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.31-2/platform-espressif32.zip",
+        ),
+        # Non-version values pass through untouched
+        (
+            "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32.git#develop",
+            "https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32.git#develop",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_pio_platform_version(value: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import _parse_pio_platform_version
+
+    assert _parse_pio_platform_version(value) == expected
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_explicit.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_explicit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70760fdea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_explicit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-explicit
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    window: 30ms
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_raised.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_raised.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4febbfcf3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_raised.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-raised
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_scan_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_scan_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5da5601388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_scan_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-scan-only
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b9093164f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/config/scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scan-window-user-scan-only
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    connection_scan_window: 20ms
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/test_scan_window_default.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/test_scan_window_default.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1381aaf4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_ble_tracker/test_scan_window_default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""Tests for the esp32_ble_tracker conditional scan window default.
+
+The scan window default depends on wifi coexistence and the IDF version:
+IDF 5.5.5 fixed a coexistence bug where BLE scans ran far longer than the
+configured window (espressif/esp-idf#18931), so on fixed versions the
+historical 30 ms default would only listen 9.4 % of the time and miss most
+advertisements. With the coexistence arbiter compiled in on a fixed IDF, the
+window instead defaults to the interval, as Espressif recommends; without the
+arbiter a full-duty scan would starve wifi, so the 30 ms default is kept.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW, to_ble_units
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS, CONF_WINDOW
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_IDF_VERSION
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble_tracker import (
+    CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.const import CONF_INTERVAL, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def stage_esp32(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> Callable[..., None]:
+    """Stage an esp32 build with a given IDF version and wifi presence."""
+
+    def stage(idf: str, *, wifi: bool) -> None:
+        set_core_config(
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+            platform_data={KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version.parse(idf)},
+        )
+        if wifi:
+            # Makes cv.OnlyWith default software_coexistence to True, exactly
+            # as a real config with wifi: does.
+            CORE.loaded_integrations.add("wifi")
+
+    return stage
+
+
+def _scan_params(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    return CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)[CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("idf", "config", "expected_units"),
+    [
+        ("5.5.5", {}, 512),  # first fixed version, default 320 ms interval
+        ("6.0.1", {}, 512),  # any newer version behaves the same
+        # Follows a user-set interval.
+        ("5.5.5", {"scan_parameters": {"interval": "1s"}}, 1600),
+    ],
+)
+def test_wifi_on_fixed_idf_defaults_window_to_interval(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    idf: str,
+    config: ConfigType,
+    expected_units: int,
+) -> None:
+    """With wifi coexistence on a fixed IDF, the window defaults to the interval."""
+    stage_esp32(idf, wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params(config)
+    assert params[CONF_WINDOW] == params[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_WINDOW]) == expected_units
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("idf", "wifi", "config"),
+    [
+        # Buggy IDF over-scans anyway; keep the 30 ms default.
+        ("5.5.4", True, {}),
+        # No wifi (e.g. ethernet) means no radio contention.
+        ("5.5.5", False, {}),
+        # Coexistence disabled: no arbiter, so a full-duty scan would starve
+        # wifi outright.
+        ("5.5.5", True, {CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE: False}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_30ms_default_kept(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    idf: str,
+    wifi: bool,
+    config: ConfigType,
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32(idf, wifi=wifi)
+    assert to_ble_units(_scan_params(config)[CONF_WINDOW]) == 48
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("window", ["60ms", "30ms"])
+def test_explicit_window_is_never_touched(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None], window: str
+) -> None:
+    """A user-set window wins over the conditional default.
+
+    The explicit 30 ms case matters: it is indistinguishable from the
+    defaulted value by inspection, so the defaulted flag must separate them.
+    """
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"window": window}})
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_WINDOW]) == to_ble_units(
+        cv.positive_time_period(window)
+    )
+
+
+def test_short_interval_without_window_still_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    """The provisional 30 ms default validates against the interval as before."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="needs to be smaller than scan interval"):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"interval": "20ms"}})
+
+
+# The connection-time fallback window: while a GATT connection is active the
+# scanner drops from a raised full-duty window back to this value so the
+# connection gets guaranteed airtime.
+
+
+def test_raise_arms_connection_scan_window_default(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params({})
+    assert params[CONF_WINDOW] == params[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW]) == 48
+
+
+def test_user_connection_scan_window_survives_raise(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    params = _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"connection_scan_window": "60ms"}})
+    assert params[CONF_WINDOW] == params[CONF_INTERVAL]
+    assert to_ble_units(params[CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW]) == 96
+
+
+def test_unraised_window_gets_no_connection_scan_window_default(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.4", wifi=True)
+    assert CONF_CONNECTION_SCAN_WINDOW not in _scan_params({})
+
+
+def test_connection_scan_window_above_interval_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="connection_scan_window .* needs to be smaller"
+    ):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"connection_scan_window": "400ms"}})
+
+
+def test_connection_scan_window_above_window_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    """A connection window above the (post-raise) window would widen the scan
+    during connections; the reject runs after the raise so a fallback below a
+    raised window still validates (covered by the survives-raise test)."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="connection_scan_window .* needs to be smaller"
+    ):
+        _scan_params(
+            {"scan_parameters": {"window": "30ms", "connection_scan_window": "300ms"}}
+        )
+
+
+def test_connection_scan_window_truncation_collapse_rejected(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+) -> None:
+    """A connection window that truncates into the interval's 0.625 ms unit
+    would silently program a full-duty scan during connections."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="connection_scan_window .* both truncate"):
+        _scan_params(
+            {
+                "scan_parameters": {
+                    "interval": "320.5ms",
+                    "connection_scan_window": "320.2ms",
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "window_call", "connection_call", "warns"),
+    [
+        # Raised window with GATT clients: the injected fallback is emitted.
+        ("scan_window_raised.yaml", "set_scan_window(512)", True, False),
+        # Explicit window: nothing injected.
+        ("scan_window_explicit.yaml", "set_scan_window(48)", False, False),
+        # Scan-only build compiles the path out: the injected default is
+        # dropped silently, a user-set value warns.
+        ("scan_window_scan_only.yaml", "set_scan_window(512)", False, False),
+        ("scan_window_user_set_scan_only.yaml", "set_scan_window(512)", False, True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_connection_scan_window_codegen(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    config_file: str,
+    window_call: str,
+    connection_call: bool,
+    warns: bool,
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    assert window_call in main_cpp
+    assert ("set_connection_scan_window(48)" in main_cpp) == connection_call
+    assert ("'connection_scan_window' has no effect" in caplog.text) == warns
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("wifi", "params", "expect_warning"),
+    [
+        (True, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "1100ms"}, True),
+        (True, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "601ms"}, True),
+        (True, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "600ms"}, False),
+        (False, {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "1100ms"}, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_long_window_with_wifi_warns(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    wifi: bool,
+    params: ConfigType,
+    expect_warning: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """A scan window above 600 ms warns only when wifi shares the radio."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=wifi)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": params})
+    assert ("starves wifi" in caplog.text) is expect_warning
+
+
+def test_long_window_warns_with_coexistence_disabled(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Disabling the arbiter is the worst case for a long window, so it still warns."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _scan_params(
+            {
+                CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE: False,
+                "scan_parameters": {"interval": "1100ms", "window": "1100ms"},
+            }
+        )
+    assert "BLE scan window of 1100ms" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_raised_window_warning_points_at_interval(
+    stage_esp32: Callable[..., None],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """When the window was raised to a long interval, the warning names the interval."""
+    stage_esp32("5.5.5", wifi=True)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _scan_params({"scan_parameters": {"interval": "1s"}})
+    assert "BLE scan interval of 1s" in caplog.text
+    assert "BLE scan window of" not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cc3f928cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32_hosted/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Tests for the esp32_hosted ESP-IDF version gate."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_IDF_VERSION
+from esphome.components.esp32_hosted import _final_validate
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("idf", ["5.3.0", "5.4.2", "5.5.5"])
+def test_final_validate_accepts_supported_idf(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, idf: str
+) -> None:
+    """ESP-IDF 5.3 and newer passes validation unchanged."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version.parse(idf)},
+    )
+    _final_validate({})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("idf", ["5.0.0", "5.2.2"])
+def test_final_validate_rejects_old_idf(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, idf: str
+) -> None:
+    """ESP-IDF older than 5.3 is rejected with a clear error."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version.parse(idf)},
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires ESP-IDF 5.3 or newer"):
+        _final_validate({})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_id_shared_bus.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_id_shared_bus.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ffcd6a59f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_id_shared_bus.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+spi:
+  - id: spi_bus
+    interface: spi2
+    clk_pin: GPIO18
+    mosi_pin: GPIO23
+    miso_pin: GPIO19
+
+ethernet:
+  id: eth_component
+  type: W5500
+  spi_id: spi_bus
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 20MHz
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_own_bus.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_own_bus.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3169e6a39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/config/spi_own_bus.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+ethernet:
+  id: eth_component
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: GPIO18
+  mosi_pin: GPIO23
+  miso_pin: GPIO19
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 20MHz
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..522357f972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_ethernet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""Tests for the ethernet final-validation coexistence gate and schema bounds."""
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+)
+from esphome.components.ethernet import CONF_CLOCK_SPEED, CONFIG_SCHEMA, _final_validate
+from esphome.components.network import _validate_priority_list
+from esphome.const import CONF_PRIORITY, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+_CH390_CONFIG = {
+    "type": "CH390",
+    "clk_pin": 47,
+    "mosi_pin": 48,
+    "miso_pin": 14,
+    "cs_pin": 21,
+}
+
+
+def test_rejects_wifi_and_ethernet_without_priority() -> None:
+    """Wi-Fi + ethernet without a network: priority: list must be rejected."""
+    fv.full_config.set({"wifi": {}, "ethernet": {}})
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="cannot be used together with component wifi"):
+        _final_validate({})
+
+
+def test_rejects_wifi_and_ethernet_with_incomplete_priority() -> None:
+    """A priority list missing an interface is rejected and names what's missing."""
+    fv.full_config.set(
+        {
+            "wifi": {},
+            "ethernet": {},
+            "network": {CONF_PRIORITY: _validate_priority_list(["ethernet"])},
+        }
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=r"must.*list both interfaces; missing: wifi"):
+        _final_validate({})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("clock_speed", ["26.67MHz", "72MHz"])
+def test_ch390_accepts_clock_speed_up_to_the_datasheet_maximum(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, clock_speed: str
+) -> None:
+    """CH390 SCK is rated to 72MHz, so the schema must accept the whole range."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 3, 2),
+        },
+    )
+    # _validate derives use_address from the node name, which has no default here.
+    CORE.name = "ch390-test"
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**_CH390_CONFIG, CONF_CLOCK_SPEED: clock_speed})
+    assert config[CONF_CLOCK_SPEED] == cv.frequency(clock_speed)
+
+
+def test_ch390_rejects_clock_speed_above_the_datasheet_maximum(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The shared 80MHz ceiling is out of spec for this part."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 3, 2),
+        },
+    )
+    # _validate derives use_address from the node name, which has no default here.
+    CORE.name = "ch390-test"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="value must be at most 72000000"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({**_CH390_CONFIG, CONF_CLOCK_SPEED: "80MHz"})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_spi_id.py b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_spi_id.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6dc9249e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ethernet/test_spi_id.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+"""Tests for the ethernet `spi_id:` option (attach to a shared spi bus)."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+)
+from esphome.components.ethernet import CONF_INTERFACE, CONFIG_SCHEMA, _final_validate
+from esphome.components.rp2.const import KEY_BOARD as RP2_KEY_BOARD
+
+# Registers the rp2 pin schema so RP2 configs can validate pins.
+import esphome.components.rp2.gpio  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.components.spi import CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CLK_PIN,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MISO_PIN,
+    CONF_MOSI_PIN,
+    CONF_SPI,
+    CONF_SPI_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+_W5500_PIN_CONFIG = {
+    "type": "W5500",
+    "clk_pin": 47,
+    "mosi_pin": 48,
+    "miso_pin": 14,
+    "cs_pin": 21,
+}
+
+_W5500_SPI_ID_CONFIG = {
+    "type": "W5500",
+    "spi_id": "spi_bus",
+    "cs_pin": 21,
+}
+
+
+def _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 3, 2),
+        },
+    )
+    # _validate derives use_address from the node name, which has no default here.
+    CORE.name = "spi-id-test"
+
+
+def test_spi_id_accepted_without_pins_or_interface(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """With spi_id set, the pin options are not required and no interface is defaulted."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(dict(_W5500_SPI_ID_CONFIG))
+    assert config[CONF_SPI_ID] == ID("spi_bus")
+    # The interface comes from the referenced bus; no default may be injected.
+    assert CONF_INTERFACE not in config
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("key", "value"),
+    [
+        (CONF_CLK_PIN, 47),
+        (CONF_MOSI_PIN, 48),
+        (CONF_MISO_PIN, 14),
+        (CONF_INTERFACE, "spi2"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_spi_id_rejects_bus_options(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, key: str, value: int | str
+) -> None:
+    """Options provided by the referenced bus must be rejected alongside spi_id."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=f"'{key}' cannot be used together with 'spi_id'"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({**_W5500_SPI_ID_CONFIG, key: value})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("key", [CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN, CONF_MISO_PIN])
+def test_bus_pins_still_required_without_spi_id(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, key: str
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, the bus pin options stay required."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    config = {k: v for k, v in _W5500_PIN_CONFIG.items() if k != key}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid, match=f"'{key}' is a required option when 'spi_id' is not set"
+    ):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_spi_id_rejected_on_rp2(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """spi_id is ESP32-only; the RP2 path is unchanged."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO, platform_data={RP2_KEY_BOARD: "rpipicow"}
+    )
+    CORE.name = "spi-id-test"
+    config = {
+        "type": "W5500",
+        "spi_id": "spi_bus",
+        "clk_pin": 18,
+        "mosi_pin": 19,
+        "miso_pin": 16,
+        "cs_pin": 17,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="only available on"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def _eth_spi_id_final_config() -> dict:
+    return {CONF_TYPE: "W5500", CONF_SPI_ID: ID("spi_bus")}
+
+
+class _FakeFinalConfig(dict):
+    """Dict-backed FinalValidateConfig with just enough ID resolution for
+    fv.id_declaration_match_schema to find an spi bus fragment."""
+
+    def get_path_for_id(self, id: ID) -> list:
+        for index, conf in enumerate(self[CONF_SPI]):
+            if conf[CONF_ID] == id:
+                return [CONF_SPI, index, CONF_ID]
+        raise KeyError(id)
+
+    def get_config_for_path(self, path: list) -> dict:
+        return self[path[0]][path[1]]
+
+
+def _set_spi_buses(*buses: dict) -> None:
+    fv.full_config.set(_FakeFinalConfig({CONF_SPI: list(buses)}))
+
+
+_SHAREABLE_BUS = {
+    CONF_ID: ID("spi_bus"),
+    CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0,
+    CONF_MISO_PIN: {},
+    CONF_MOSI_PIN: {},
+}
+
+
+def test_final_validate_accepts_hardware_bus_with_data_pins(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A hardware spi bus that declares miso_pin and mosi_pin may be shared."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    # An unrelated bus first: the ID lookup must skip past it.
+    _set_spi_buses({CONF_ID: ID("other_bus"), CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 1}, _SHAREABLE_BUS)
+    _final_validate(_eth_spi_id_final_config())
+
+
+def test_final_validate_rejects_software_bus(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A software spi bus (no hardware interface index) cannot be shared."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    bus = {k: v for k, v in _SHAREABLE_BUS.items() if k != CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX}
+    _set_spi_buses(bus)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="requires this spi bus to use a hardware"):
+        _final_validate(_eth_spi_id_final_config())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("pin_key", [CONF_MISO_PIN, CONF_MOSI_PIN])
+def test_final_validate_rejects_bus_without_data_pin(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, pin_key: str
+) -> None:
+    """The shared bus must declare both data pins to drive the ethernet chip."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    bus = {k: v for k, v in _SHAREABLE_BUS.items() if k != pin_key}
+    _set_spi_buses(bus)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match=f"requires this spi bus to declare a {pin_key}"):
+        _final_validate(_eth_spi_id_final_config())
+
+
+def test_final_validate_rejects_colliding_host_without_spi_id(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, claiming the same host as an spi bus stays an error."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    fv.full_config.set({CONF_SPI: [{CONF_ID: ID("spi_bus"), CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0}]})
+    config = {CONF_TYPE: "W5500", CONF_INTERFACE: "spi2"}
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="both using interface 'SPI2_HOST'"):
+        _final_validate(config)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_accepts_distinct_host_without_spi_id(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, a different host than the spi bus is accepted."""
+    _set_esp32_s3(set_core_config)
+    fv.full_config.set({CONF_SPI: [{CONF_ID: ID("spi_bus"), CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0}]})
+    _final_validate({CONF_TYPE: "W5500", CONF_INTERFACE: "spi3"})
+
+
+def test_generated_code_uses_spi_parent(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """With spi_id, codegen wires the spi parent and skips the bus options."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("spi_id_shared_bus.yaml"))
+
+    assert "eth_component->set_spi_parent(spi_bus);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_cs_pin(5);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_clk_pin(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_miso_pin(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_mosi_pin(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_interface(" not in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_generated_code_without_spi_id_initializes_own_bus(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Without spi_id, codegen still emits the pin and interface setters."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("spi_own_bus.yaml"))
+
+    assert "eth_component->set_spi_parent(" not in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_clk_pin(18);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_miso_pin(19);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_mosi_pin(23);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_cs_pin(5);" in main_cpp
+    assert "eth_component->set_interface(::SPI3_HOST);" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py
index d3813ecc75..78cb32af54 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/external_components/test_init.py
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
-"""Tests for the external_components skip-update behavior driven by CORE.skip_external_update."""
+"""Tests for the external_components config pass."""
 
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
+import pytest
+
 from esphome.components.external_components import do_external_components_pass
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS,
+    CONF_PATH,
     CONF_REFRESH,
     CONF_SOURCE,
     CONF_URL,
     TYPE_GIT,
+    TYPE_LOCAL,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodSeconds
 
@@ -69,3 +74,112 @@ def test_external_components_normal_refresh(
     mock_clone_or_update.assert_called_once()
     call_args = mock_clone_or_update.call_args
     assert call_args.kwargs["refresh"] == TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+
+
+def test_external_components_logs_built_in_override(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A source that provides a component with the same name as a built-in one logs an info message."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+
+    for name in ("gpio", "some_custom_component"):
+        component_dir = tmp_path / "components" / name
+        component_dir.mkdir()
+        (component_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert (
+        "External components are overriding built-in components:\n"
+        "  source: https://github.com/test/components\n"
+        "  components: gpio" in caplog.text
+    )
+    assert "some_custom_component" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_override_log_includes_ref(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A git source with a ref logs the ref appended to the url."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+    config[CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS][0][CONF_SOURCE] = "github://test/components@main"
+
+    component_dir = tmp_path / "components" / "gpio"
+    component_dir.mkdir()
+    (component_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert "  source: https://github.com/test/components.git@main\n" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_override_log_includes_git_path(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A git source with a subdirectory path logs the path after the url."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+    config[CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS][0][CONF_SOURCE][CONF_PATH] = "components"
+
+    component_dir = tmp_path / "components" / "gpio"
+    component_dir.mkdir()
+    (component_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert "  source: https://github.com/test/components (components)\n" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_override_log_local_source(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A local source logs its resolved path."""
+    components_dir = tmp_path / "my_components"
+    gpio_dir = components_dir / "gpio"
+    gpio_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (gpio_dir / "__init__.py").write_text("# Test component")
+
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "dummy.yaml"
+    config = {
+        CONF_EXTERNAL_COMPONENTS: [
+            {CONF_SOURCE: {"type": TYPE_LOCAL, CONF_PATH: "my_components"}}
+        ]
+    }
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert f"  source: {components_dir}\n" in caplog.text
+    assert "  components: gpio" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_components_no_override_no_log(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_clone_or_update: MagicMock,
+    mock_install_meta_finder: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A source that only provides components not shipped with ESPHome logs nothing."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (tmp_path, None)
+    config = _make_config(tmp_path)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        do_external_components_pass(config)
+
+    assert "are overriding built-in components" not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
index f336a9105e..60494d9cba 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+INTERRUPT_DEFINE = "USE_GPIO_BINARY_SENSOR_INTERRUPT"
+
 
 def test_gpio_binary_sensor_basic_setup(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
@@ -69,3 +74,62 @@ def test_gpio_binary_sensor_explicit_polling_mode(
     )
 
     assert "bs_polling->set_use_interrupt(false);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_interrupt_emits_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An interrupt-mode sensor must emit the define that compiles the ISR code,
+    since the platform ISR pin implementation is only built when needed
+    """
+    generate_main("tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.yaml")
+
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_polling_omits_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    A polling-only config must not emit the interrupt define, so the ISR code
+    (and its reference to ISRInternalGPIOPin) is compiled out
+    """
+    generate_main("tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_polling.yaml")
+
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed_modes_emit_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    With one interrupt and one polling sensor, the define is emitted and the
+    polling instance still opts out via its setter
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert "bs_polling->set_use_interrupt(false);" in main_cpp
+    assert "bs_interrupt->set_use_interrupt" not in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander_pin_omits_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An expander pin can't use interrupts: final validation falls back to
+    polling and the interrupt define must not be emitted. This is the config
+    that fails to link if the ISR code is compiled without an internal pin
+    """
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(
+            "tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml"
+        )
+
+    assert "bs_expander->set_use_interrupt(false);" in main_cpp
+    assert INTERRUPT_DEFINE not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert "falling back to polling mode" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f153ccebfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_expander.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+i2c:
+  scl: 16
+  sda: 17
+
+ch422g:
+  - id: ch422g_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    name: "Expander Sensor"
+    id: bs_expander
+    pin:
+      ch422g: ch422g_hub
+      number: 1
+      mode: INPUT
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e8c7ec3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor_mixed.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: 5
+    name: "Interrupt Sensor"
+    id: bs_interrupt
+
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: 4
+    name: "Polling Sensor"
+    id: bs_polling
+    use_interrupt: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..806b1775d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio_expander/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"""Tests for the shared io expander interrupt_pin validator."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
+from esphome.components.gpio_expander import validate_interrupt_pin
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def stage_esp32(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+
+
+def test_plain_pin_accepted(stage_esp32: None) -> None:
+    value = validate_interrupt_pin(
+        {"number": 16, "mode": {"input": True, "pullup": True}}
+    )
+    assert value["number"] == 16
+
+
+def test_inverted_rejected(stage_esp32: None) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'inverted: true' is not supported"):
+        validate_interrupt_pin({"number": 16, "inverted": True})
+
+
+def test_allow_other_uses_rejected(stage_esp32: None) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'allow_other_uses: true' is not supported"):
+        validate_interrupt_pin({"number": 16, "allow_other_uses": True})
+
+
+# mcp23017 covers the shared mcp23xxx_base schema
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "component",
+    [
+        "pcf8574",
+        "pca9554",
+        "tca9555",
+        "pca6416a",
+        "pi4ioe5v6408",
+        "mcp23016",
+        "mcp23017",
+    ],
+)
+def test_component_schemas_route_through_validator(
+    stage_esp32: None, component: str
+) -> None:
+    module = importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{component}")
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'inverted: true' is not supported"):
+        module.CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+            {"id": "expander_hub", "interrupt_pin": {"number": 16, "inverted": True}}
+        )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..950fa389be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gsl3670/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""Tests for the gsl3670 touchscreen configuration validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
+from esphome.components.gsl3670 import touchscreen as gsl
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CALIBRATION,
+    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN,
+    CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_TRANSFORM,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+VALID_URL = "https://example.com/fw.bin"
+
+
+def _make_firmware(blocks: int = 2) -> bytes:
+    """Build a structurally valid firmware blob with ``blocks`` blocks.
+
+    Each block is ``_FW_BLK_SIZE`` bytes: a 4-byte header (page address <= 0xEF
+    followed by the 1/2/3 marker bytes) and a 128-byte payload.
+    """
+    out = bytearray()
+    for i in range(blocks):
+        out += bytes([i, 1, 2, 3]) + bytes(gsl._FW_BLK_SIZE - 4)
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
+def _write_firmware(tmp_path: Path, data: bytes | None = None) -> Path:
+    """Write firmware bytes to a temp file and return its path."""
+    path = tmp_path / "fw.bin"
+    path.write_bytes(_make_firmware() if data is None else data)
+    return path
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _validate_firmware_data - blob structure
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_validate_firmware_data_accepts_valid_blob() -> None:
+    """A correctly structured blob passes validation."""
+    gsl._validate_firmware_data(_make_firmware(3), "test")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("length", [0, gsl._FW_BLK_SIZE - 1, gsl._FW_BLK_SIZE + 1])
+def test_validate_firmware_data_rejects_bad_length(length: int) -> None:
+    """The blob length must be a non-zero multiple of the block size."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="length is incorrect"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware_data(bytes(length), "test")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "index,value",
+    [
+        (0, 0xF0),  # page address must be <= 0xEF
+        (1, 0x00),  # marker byte must be 1
+        (2, 0x00),  # marker byte must be 2
+        (3, 0x00),  # marker byte must be 3
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_firmware_data_rejects_corrupted_header(
+    index: int, value: int
+) -> None:
+    """A block whose header bytes are wrong is reported as corrupted."""
+    data = bytearray(_make_firmware(2))
+    # Corrupt the header of the second block.
+    data[gsl._FW_BLK_SIZE + index] = value
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Corrupted firmware at block 1"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware_data(bytes(data), "test")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _cache_path / firmware_path
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_cache_path_is_deterministic_per_url(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """The cache path is derived from (and stable for) the URL."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    first = gsl._cache_path(VALID_URL)
+    assert first == gsl._cache_path(VALID_URL)
+    assert first != gsl._cache_path("https://example.com/other.bin")
+    assert first.parent == tmp_path / "gsl3670"
+
+
+def test_firmware_path_prefers_local_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A ``file`` source is returned as-is, without consulting the cache."""
+    path = _write_firmware(tmp_path)
+    assert gsl.firmware_path({"file": path}) == path
+
+
+def test_firmware_path_uses_cache_for_url(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A ``url`` source resolves to the cache path for that URL."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    assert gsl.firmware_path({"url": VALID_URL}) == gsl._cache_path(VALID_URL)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _validate_firmware / FIRMWARE_SCHEMA
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_firmware_requires_exactly_one_source(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Supplying both, or neither, of url/file is an error."""
+    path = _write_firmware(tmp_path)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Exactly one"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware({"url": VALID_URL, "file": path})
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Exactly one"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware({})
+
+
+def test_firmware_file_valid(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A valid firmware file passes the full FIRMWARE_SCHEMA."""
+    path = _write_firmware(tmp_path)
+    result = gsl.FIRMWARE_SCHEMA({"file": str(path)})
+    assert result["file"] == path
+
+
+def test_firmware_file_corrupt_rejected(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A file whose contents fail the structural check is rejected."""
+    path = _write_firmware(tmp_path, data=b"\x00" * (gsl._FW_BLK_SIZE * 2))
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Corrupted firmware"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware({"file": path})
+
+
+def test_firmware_url_downloads_and_validates(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A url source downloads the content and validates its structure."""
+    data = _make_firmware()
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(gsl.external_files, "download_content", lambda url, path: data)
+    assert gsl._validate_firmware({"url": VALID_URL}) == {"url": VALID_URL}
+
+
+def test_firmware_url_sha256_mismatch_rejected(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A configured SHA-256 that does not match the download is rejected."""
+    data = _make_firmware()
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(gsl.external_files, "download_content", lambda url, path: data)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="SHA-256 mismatch"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware({"url": VALID_URL, "sha256": "00" * 32})
+
+
+def test_firmware_url_invalid_structure_rejected(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Downloaded content that is not a valid blob is rejected."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        gsl.external_files, "download_content", lambda url, path: b"\x00\x01\x02"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="length is incorrect"):
+        gsl._validate_firmware({"url": VALID_URL})
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# CONFIG_SCHEMA
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _esp32_core(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """Configure the core as an ESP32 target for the schema tests."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+
+
+def test_config_custom_model_minimal(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The CUSTOM model validates with an explicit firmware file and pins."""
+    fw = _write_firmware(tmp_path)
+    result = gsl.CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "model": "custom",
+            "interrupt_pin": 16,
+            "reset_pin": 4,
+            "firmware": {"file": str(fw)},
+        }
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_MODEL] == "CUSTOM"
+    assert "id" in result
+    # The CUSTOM model supplies no transform/calibration defaults.
+    assert CONF_TRANSFORM not in result
+    assert CONF_CALIBRATION not in result
+
+
+def test_config_custom_model_requires_firmware() -> None:
+    """The firmware option is required for the CUSTOM model (no default)."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=r"required key not provided.*firmware"):
+        gsl.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"model": "custom", "interrupt_pin": 16, "reset_pin": 4})
+
+
+def test_config_invalid_model_rejected() -> None:
+    """An unknown model name is rejected."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="model"):
+        gsl.CONFIG_SCHEMA({"model": "nonexistent"})
+
+
+def test_config_seeed_model_applies_defaults(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The SEEED model populates transform and calibration defaults.
+
+    ``reset_pin`` is overridden with a plain GPIO so the test does not depend on
+    the model's default IO-expander pin.
+    """
+    fw = _write_firmware(tmp_path)
+    result = gsl.CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "model": "seeed-reterminal-d1001",
+            "reset_pin": 4,
+            "firmware": {"file": str(fw)},
+        }
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_MODEL] == "SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001"
+    # Transform defaults from the model.
+    assert result[CONF_TRANSFORM] == {
+        "swap_xy": True,
+        "mirror_x": True,
+        "mirror_y": True,
+    }
+    # Calibration defaults from the model.
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["x_min"] == 20
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["x_max"] == 872
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["y_min"] == 20
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["y_max"] == 1644
+    # The interrupt pin default (16) is applied without being specified.
+    assert CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN in result
+    assert CONF_RESET_PIN in result
+
+
+def test_config_guition_model_applies_defaults(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The GUITION model populates transform and calibration defaults."""
+    fw = _write_firmware(tmp_path)
+    result = gsl.CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "model": "guition-jc8012p4a1",
+            "firmware": {"file": str(fw)},
+        }
+    )
+    assert result[CONF_MODEL] == "GUITION-JC8012P4A1"
+    # Transform defaults from the model.
+    assert result[CONF_TRANSFORM] == {
+        "swap_xy": True,
+        "mirror_x": True,
+        "mirror_y": False,
+    }
+    # Calibration defaults from the model.
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["x_min"] == 20
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["x_max"] == 880
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["y_min"] == 20
+    assert result[CONF_CALIBRATION]["y_max"] == 1648
+    assert result[CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN]["number"] == 21
+    assert result[CONF_RESET_PIN]["number"] == 22
+
+
+def test_config_rejects_non_dict() -> None:
+    """A non-dict configuration is rejected."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="expected a dictionary"):
+        gsl.CONFIG_SCHEMA("not a dict")
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/heatpumpir/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/heatpumpir/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/heatpumpir/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/heatpumpir/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85da0c8bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/heatpumpir/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Tests for the heatpumpir climate config validation."""
+
+from esphome.components.heatpumpir.climate import _default_visual
+from esphome.const import CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE, CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE, CONF_VISUAL
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def test_default_visual_seeds_from_required_min_max() -> None:
+    """Without a visual block, the required min/max_temperature seed the visual
+    range so the entity reports it in Home Assistant instead of 0-100 (#17983)."""
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE: 18, CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE: 30}
+    _default_visual(config)
+    assert config[CONF_VISUAL][CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE] == 18
+    assert config[CONF_VISUAL][CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE] == 30
+
+
+def test_default_visual_keeps_explicit() -> None:
+    """An explicit visual min/max is not overwritten by the required temps."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE: 16,
+        CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE: 32,
+        CONF_VISUAL: {CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE: 18, CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE: 30},
+    }
+    _default_visual(config)
+    assert config[CONF_VISUAL][CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE] == 18
+    assert config[CONF_VISUAL][CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE] == 30
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/helpers.py b/tests/component_tests/helpers.py
index 2eb588c0ca..3b5e5bbd6e 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/helpers.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/helpers.py
@@ -27,3 +27,19 @@ def extract_packed_value(main_cpp: str, var_name: str) -> int:
     match = re.search(combined_pattern, main_cpp) or re.search(legacy_pattern, main_cpp)
     assert match, f"configure call not found for {var_name}"
     return int(match.group(1))
+
+
+def get_define_value(name: str) -> str | None:
+    """Rendered value of a CORE define, or None when absent.
+
+    Values are codegen expressions (IntLiteral); they are compared rendered.
+    A value-less define (e.g. USE_BK72XX_BLE) is present but renders as the
+    string "None", while an absent define returns the None object — easy to
+    conflate in assertions, so use this helper for valued defines only.
+    """
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    for define in CORE.defines:
+        if define.name == name:
+            return str(define.value)
+    return None
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/http_request/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_default.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_default.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86744dcb11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_default.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_explicit.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_explicit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0d0074caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_explicit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
+  watchdog_timeout: 20s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77a85da2ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+  watchdog_timeout: 60s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_stock.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_stock.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70d2701466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp32_stock.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0698dc57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
+  verify_ssl: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_rp2040.yaml b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_rp2040.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..030736c30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/config/test_rp2040.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+
+http_request:
+  timeout: 10s
+  verify_ssl: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/http_request/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/http_request/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..446c4acbd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/http_request/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""Tests for the http_request watchdog timeout default."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.const import CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodMilliseconds
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("yaml_file", "expected_ms"),
+    [
+        # stock 4.5s timeout: 3 x 4.5s plus 1s margin
+        ("test_esp32_stock.yaml", 14500),
+        # 3 x 10s plus 1s margin
+        ("test_esp32_default.yaml", 31000),
+        # esp32.watchdog_timeout: 60s is wider than the derived value and wins
+        ("test_esp32_platform_wider.yaml", 60000),
+        # explicit value is kept as is
+        ("test_esp32_explicit.yaml", 20000),
+    ],
+)
+def test_esp32_watchdog_timeout(
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path], yaml_file: str, expected_ms: int
+) -> None:
+    CORE.config_path = component_config_path(yaml_file)
+    config = read_config({})
+    assert config["http_request"][CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT] == TimePeriodMilliseconds(
+        milliseconds=expected_ms
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("yaml_file", ["test_esp8266.yaml", "test_rp2040.yaml"])
+def test_other_platforms_leave_watchdog_unset(
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path], yaml_file: str
+) -> None:
+    CORE.config_path = component_config_path(yaml_file)
+    config = read_config({})
+    assert CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT not in config["http_request"]
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/image/config/image_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/image/config/image_test.yaml
index c34e0993a5..31c29de21b 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/image/config/image_test.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/image/config/image_test.yaml
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ esphome:
 esp32:
   board: esp32s3box
 
+psram:
+  mode: octal
+
 image:
   defaults:
     type: rgb565
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
index f7f60a1f4d..fad8b7df09 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
@@ -11,28 +12,40 @@ from PIL import Image as PILImage
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER
+from esphome.components.file import image as file_image
+from esphome.components.file.image import validate_image_final, write_image
 from esphome.components.image import (
     CONF_ALPHA_CHANNEL,
     CONF_INVERT_ALPHA,
     CONF_OPAQUE,
     CONF_TRANSPARENCY,
-    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    PLATFORM_FILE,
+    _expand_platform_entry,
+    _flatten_legacy_image_config,
+    _is_legacy_image_format,
+    _is_new_image_format,
+    _migrate_legacy_image_config,
+    expand_platform_config,
     get_all_image_metadata,
     get_image_metadata,
-    write_image,
 )
-from esphome.const import CONF_DITHER, CONF_FILE, CONF_ID, CONF_RAW_DATA_ID, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DEFAULTS,
+    CONF_DITHER,
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_FILES,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PLATFORM,
+    CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("config", "error_match"),
     [
-        pytest.param(
-            "a string",
-            "Badly formed image configuration, expected a list or a dictionary",
-            id="invalid_string_config",
-        ),
         pytest.param(
             {"id": "image_id", "type": "rgb565"},
             r"required key not provided @ data\['file'\]",
@@ -43,6 +56,11 @@ from esphome.core import CORE
             r"required key not provided @ data\['id'\]",
             id="missing_id",
         ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {"id": "image_id", "file": "image.png"},
+            r"required key not provided @ data\['type'\]",
+            id="missing_type",
+        ),
         pytest.param(
             {"id": "mdi_id", "file": "mdi:weather-##", "type": "rgb565"},
             "Could not parse mdi icon name",
@@ -84,155 +102,620 @@ from esphome.core import CORE
             "File can't be opened as image",
             id="invalid_image_file",
         ),
-        pytest.param(
-            {"defaults": {}, "images": [{"id": "image_id", "file": "image.png"}]},
-            "Type is required either in the image config or in the defaults",
-            id="missing_type_in_defaults",
-        ),
     ],
 )
-def test_image_configuration_errors(
+def test_file_platform_configuration_errors(
     config: Any,
     error_match: str,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test detection of invalid configuration."""
+    """Invalid single-entry ``platform: file`` configs are rejected."""
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=error_match):
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+        file_image.CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_file_platform_configuration_success() -> None:
+    """A fully-specified ``platform: file`` entry validates and keeps its keys."""
+    result = file_image.CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "id": "image_id",
+            "file": "image.png",
+            "type": "rgb565",
+            "transparency": "chroma_key",
+            "byte_order": "little_endian",
+            "dither": "FloydSteinberg",
+            "resize": "100x100",
+            "invert_alpha": False,
+        }
+    )
+    for key in (CONF_TYPE, CONF_ID, CONF_TRANSPARENCY, CONF_RAW_DATA_ID):
+        assert key in result, f"Missing key {key} in validated image configuration"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy `image:` config migration -- REMOVE these tests after 2027.1.0 together
+# with the migration shim in esphome/components/image/__init__.py.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "expected"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            [{CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a"}], True, id="new_platform_list"
+        ),
+        pytest.param([], True, id="empty_list"),
+        pytest.param([{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}], False, id="legacy_bare_list"),
+        pytest.param([{CONF_PLATFORM: "file"}, {"id": "a"}], False, id="mixed_list"),
+        pytest.param(
+            [{CONF_PLATFORM: "file"}, "not-a-dict"], False, id="non_dict_entry"
+        ),
+        pytest.param({"defaults": {}}, False, id="legacy_dict"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_new_image_format(config: object, expected: bool) -> None:
+    assert _is_new_image_format(config) is expected
+
+
+def test_flatten_bare_list_filters_non_dicts() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}, "not-a-dict"]
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+
+
+def test_flatten_non_dict_non_list_yields_nothing() -> None:
+    assert _flatten_legacy_image_config("a string") == []
+
+
+def test_flatten_single_dict_with_id() -> None:
+    config = {"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}
+    assert _flatten_legacy_image_config(config) == [config]
+
+
+def test_flatten_single_dict_with_file_only() -> None:
+    config = {"file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}
+    assert _flatten_legacy_image_config(config) == [config]
+
+
+def test_flatten_defaults_images_list() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {
+            "defaults": {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "little_endian"},
+            "images": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+        }
+    )
+    assert out == [
+        {
+            "id": "a",
+            "file": "x.png",
+            "type": "rgb565",
+            "byte_order": "little_endian",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def test_flatten_defaults_images_single_dict() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {
+            "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+            "images": {"id": "a", "file": "x.png"},
+        }
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "rgb565"}]
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_list() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config({"binary": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}]})
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_transparency_list() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {"rgb565": {"alpha_channel": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}]}}
+    )
+    assert out == [
+        {
+            "id": "a",
+            "file": "x.png",
+            "type": "rgb565",
+            "transparency": "alpha_channel",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_transparency_single_dict() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {"rgb565": {"alpha_channel": {"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}}}
+    )
+    assert out == [
+        {
+            "id": "a",
+            "file": "x.png",
+            "type": "rgb565",
+            "transparency": "alpha_channel",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_dict_without_transparency() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config({"binary": {"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}})
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+
+
+def test_flatten_drops_byte_order_for_non_endian_type() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {
+            "defaults": {"byte_order": "little_endian"},
+            "binary": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+        }
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+    assert CONF_BYTE_ORDER not in out[0]
+
+
+def test_flatten_keeps_byte_order_for_endian_type() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {
+            "defaults": {"byte_order": "little_endian"},
+            "rgb565": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+        }
+    )
+    assert out[0][CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "little_endian"
+
+
+def test_flatten_drops_byte_order_written_directly_on_legacy_entry() -> None:
+    """The legacy flattener drops an incompatible byte_order even when written directly on the entry."""
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {"binary": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "byte_order": "little_endian"}]}
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+    assert CONF_BYTE_ORDER not in out[0]
+
+
+def test_flatten_skips_meta_and_unknown_keys() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {
+            "defaults": {"type": "binary"},
+            "images": [],
+            "not_a_type": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+        }
+    )
+    assert out == []
+
+
+def test_flatten_images_list_skips_non_dict_entries() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {
+            "defaults": {"type": "binary"},
+            "images": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}, "not-a-dict"],
+        }
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_list_skips_non_dict_entries() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {"binary": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}, "not-a-dict"]}
+    )
+    assert out == [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_scalar_value_is_ignored() -> None:
+    # A known type key whose value is neither a list nor a dict yields nothing.
+    assert _flatten_legacy_image_config({"binary": "not-a-list-or-dict"}) == []
+
+
+def test_flatten_type_grouped_transparency_skips_non_dict_entries() -> None:
+    out = _flatten_legacy_image_config(
+        {"rgb565": {"alpha_channel": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}, "not-a-dict"]}}
+    )
+    assert out == [
+        {
+            "id": "a",
+            "file": "x.png",
+            "type": "rgb565",
+            "transparency": "alpha_channel",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_new_format() -> None:
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config([{CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a"}]) is None
+
+
+def test_migrate_legacy_warns_and_prepends_platform(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        out = _migrate_legacy_image_config(
+            [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}]
+        )
+    assert out == [
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_FILE, "id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}
+    ]
+    assert "deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert f"platform: {PLATFORM_FILE}" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Recognised legacy shapes -> migrate.
+        pytest.param([{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}], True, id="bare_list_of_dicts"),
+        pytest.param({"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}, True, id="single_image_dict"),
+        pytest.param({"file": "x.png"}, True, id="single_dict_file_only"),
+        pytest.param({"defaults": {}, "images": []}, True, id="defaults_images"),
+        pytest.param({"rgb565": [{"id": "a"}]}, True, id="type_grouped"),
+        # Shapes the legacy schema never accepted -> not migrated.
+        pytest.param([], False, id="empty_list"),
+        pytest.param(["bad"], False, id="list_with_non_dict"),
+        pytest.param([{"id": "a"}, "bad"], False, id="list_mixed_dict_and_non_dict"),
+        pytest.param(
+            [{CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a"}], False, id="already_platform_tagged"
+        ),
+        pytest.param({"foo": 1}, False, id="dict_unknown_keys"),
+        pytest.param("a string", False, id="scalar"),
+        # A `platform:`-tagged dict is the new format written without list brackets.
+        pytest.param(
+            {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a", "file": "x.png"},
+            False,
+            id="platform_tagged_flat_dict",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+                "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+                "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+            },
+            False,
+            id="platform_tagged_defaults_files_dict",
+        ),
+        # `files:` without `platform:` is not legacy either -- the flattener has no branch for it.
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+                "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+            },
+            False,
+            id="defaults_files_dict_without_platform",
+        ),
+        # Same as above in a list -- without this exclusion it would be silently
+        # migrated to a hard-coded `platform: file` instead of raising the error.
+        pytest.param(
+            [
+                {
+                    "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+                    "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+                }
+            ],
+            False,
+            id="defaults_files_list_entry_without_platform",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_legacy_image_format(config: object, expected: bool) -> None:
+    assert _is_legacy_image_format(config) is expected
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "config",
     [
-        pytest.param(
-            {
-                "id": "image_id",
-                "file": "image.png",
-                "type": "rgb565",
-                "transparency": "chroma_key",
-                "byte_order": "little_endian",
-                "dither": "FloydSteinberg",
-                "resize": "100x100",
-                "invert_alpha": False,
-            },
-            id="single_image_all_options",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    "id": "image_id",
-                    "file": "image.png",
-                    "type": "binary",
-                }
-            ],
-            id="list_of_images",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            {
-                "defaults": {
-                    "type": "rgb565",
-                    "transparency": "chroma_key",
-                    "byte_order": "little_endian",
-                    "dither": "FloydSteinberg",
-                    "resize": "100x100",
-                    "invert_alpha": False,
-                },
-                "images": [
-                    {
-                        "id": "image_id",
-                        "file": "image.png",
-                    }
-                ],
-            },
-            id="images_with_defaults",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            {
-                "rgb565": {
-                    "alpha_channel": [
-                        {
-                            "id": "image_id",
-                            "file": "image.png",
-                            "transparency": "alpha_channel",
-                            "byte_order": "little_endian",
-                            "dither": "FloydSteinberg",
-                            "resize": "100x100",
-                            "invert_alpha": False,
-                        }
-                    ]
-                },
-                "binary": [
-                    {
-                        "id": "image_id",
-                        "file": "image.png",
-                        "transparency": "opaque",
-                        "dither": "FloydSteinberg",
-                        "resize": "100x100",
-                        "invert_alpha": False,
-                    }
-                ],
-            },
-            id="type_based_organization",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            {
-                "defaults": {
-                    "type": "binary",
-                    "transparency": "chroma_key",
-                    "byte_order": "little_endian",
-                    "dither": "FloydSteinberg",
-                    "resize": "100x100",
-                    "invert_alpha": False,
-                },
-                "rgb565": {
-                    "alpha_channel": [
-                        {
-                            "id": "image_id",
-                            "file": "image.png",
-                            "transparency": "alpha_channel",
-                            "dither": "none",
-                        }
-                    ]
-                },
-                "binary": [
-                    {
-                        "id": "image_id",
-                        "file": "image.png",
-                        "transparency": "opaque",
-                    }
-                ],
-            },
-            id="type_based_with_defaults",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            {
-                "defaults": {
-                    "type": "rgb565",
-                    "transparency": "alpha_channel",
-                },
-                "binary": {
-                    "opaque": [
-                        {
-                            "id": "image_id",
-                            "file": "image.png",
-                        }
-                    ],
-                },
-            },
-            id="binary_with_defaults",
-        ),
+        pytest.param(["bad"], id="list_with_non_dict"),
+        pytest.param([{"id": "a"}, "bad"], id="list_mixed"),
+        pytest.param({"foo": 1}, id="dict_unknown_keys"),
     ],
 )
-def test_image_configuration_success(
-    config: dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]],
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_invalid_legacy_shapes(
+    config: object, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
-    """Test successful configuration validation."""
-    result = CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
-    # All valid configurations should return a list of images
-    assert isinstance(result, list)
-    for key in (CONF_TYPE, CONF_ID, CONF_TRANSPARENCY, CONF_RAW_DATA_ID):
-        assert all(key in x for x in result), (
-            f"Missing key {key} in image configuration"
-        )
+    """Unrecognised shapes are not migrated (and emit no warning), so normal platform validation reports them."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+    assert "deprecated" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_mapping_form_defaults_files() -> None:
+    """A `platform:`-tagged `defaults:`/`files:` mapping must not be swallowed by the legacy migrator."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+        "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "a.png"}],
+    }
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+
+
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_defaults_files_dict_without_platform() -> None:
+    """`defaults:`/`files:` without `platform:` must not be swallowed either -- the flattener has
+    no `files:` branch and would silently return `[]`."""
+    config = {
+        "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+        "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "a.png"}],
+    }
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+
+
+def test_migrate_returns_none_for_defaults_files_list_entry_without_platform() -> None:
+    """Same, in a list -- previously the list branch migrated it to a hard-coded
+    `platform: file` instead of raising a missing-platform error."""
+    config = [
+        {
+            "defaults": {"type": "rgb565"},
+            "files": [{"id": "a", "file": "a.png"}],
+        }
+    ]
+    assert _migrate_legacy_image_config(config) is None
+
+
+# --------------------------- end legacy migration --------------------------
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_passes_through_plain_entry() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "a", "file": "x.png"}
+    assert _expand_platform_entry(0, entry) == [entry]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_expands_files_with_defaults() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565", "transparency": "opaque"},
+        CONF_FILES: [
+            {"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"},
+            {"id": "img2", "file": "bar.png", "type": "GRAYSCALE"},
+        ],
+    }
+    assert _expand_platform_entry(0, entry) == [
+        {
+            CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+            "id": "img1",
+            "file": "foo.png",
+            "type": "RGB565",
+            "transparency": "opaque",
+        },
+        {
+            CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+            "id": "img2",
+            "file": "bar.png",
+            "type": "GRAYSCALE",
+            "transparency": "opaque",
+        },
+    ]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_files_without_defaults() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}],
+    }
+    assert _expand_platform_entry(0, entry) == [
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}
+    ]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_preserves_source_range() -> None:
+    """A merged entry keeps the source range of its `files:` item so whole-entry errors anchor there."""
+    from esphome import yaml_util
+
+    file_entry = yaml_util.make_data_base({"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"})
+    file_entry._esp_range = "sentinel-range"
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"},
+        CONF_FILES: [file_entry],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert isinstance(out, yaml_util.ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert out.esp_range == "sentinel-range"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_plain_dict_file_entry_has_no_source_range() -> None:
+    """Plain-dict `files:` items must not crash -- `from_database` reads `.esp_range` unconditionally."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out == {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"}
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_per_file_overrides_win() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png", "type": "BINARY"}],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out["type"] == "BINARY"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_drops_byte_order_for_non_endian_override() -> None:
+    """A `byte_order` default merged into a non-endian override is dropped, as the legacy flattener did."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "little_endian"},
+        CONF_FILES: [
+            {"id": "a", "file": "x.png"},
+            {"id": "b", "file": "y.png", "type": "binary"},
+        ],
+    }
+    out = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out[0]["byte_order"] == "little_endian"
+    assert "byte_order" not in out[1]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_invalid_byte_order_in_defaults_raises() -> None:
+    """A dropped `byte_order` inherited from `defaults:` is still validated, so a typo raises."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "little_andian"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "binary"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="did you mean") as excinfo:
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert excinfo.value.path == [0]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_keeps_byte_order_for_endian_override() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565", "byte_order": "big_endian"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", "type": "rgb565"}],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out["byte_order"] == "big_endian"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_keeps_explicit_byte_order_conflict() -> None:
+    """A `byte_order` written directly on the entry is kept so validate_settings raises the normal error."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "rgb565"},
+        CONF_FILES: [
+            {
+                "id": "a",
+                "file": "x.png",
+                "type": "binary",
+                "byte_order": "little_endian",
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+    [out] = _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert out["byte_order"] == "little_endian"
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_defaults_without_files_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"}}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="may only be used together with") as excinfo:
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+    assert excinfo.value.path == [0]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_null_files_raises_not_empty() -> None:
+    """A `files:` key with no value parses to `None` and must be reported clearly."""
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"}, CONF_FILES: None}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must not be empty"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_empty_files_list_raises_not_empty() -> None:
+    """An explicit `files: []` must not silently drop the whole platform entry."""
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_FILES: []}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must not be empty"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_files_with_stray_key_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+        "extra": 1,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be combined with"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_id_in_defaults_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {CONF_ID: "a"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"file": "x.png"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not allowed inside"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_platform_in_defaults_raises() -> None:
+    """`platform:` inside `defaults:` would silently reassign every file's platform."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: {CONF_PLATFORM: "animation"},
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not allowed inside"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_platform_in_file_entry_raises() -> None:
+    """`platform:` on a `files:` item must not silently override the entry's platform."""
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png", CONF_PLATFORM: "animation"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not allowed inside"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_files_not_list_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_FILES: "not-a-list"}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must be a list"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_defaults_not_mapping_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {
+        CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+        CONF_DEFAULTS: "not-a-mapping",
+        CONF_FILES: [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must be a mapping"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_entry_file_item_not_mapping_raises() -> None:
+    entry = {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", CONF_FILES: [1, 2]}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="must be a mapping"):
+        _expand_platform_entry(0, entry)
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_config_mixes_plain_and_expanded_entries() -> None:
+    config = [
+        {
+            CONF_PLATFORM: "file",
+            CONF_DEFAULTS: {"type": "RGB565"},
+            CONF_FILES: [
+                {"id": "img1", "file": "foo.png"},
+                {"id": "img2", "file": "bar.png"},
+            ],
+        },
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: "file", "id": "plain", "file": "baz.png", "type": "BINARY"},
+    ]
+    out = expand_platform_config(config)
+    assert [entry["id"] for entry in out] == ["img1", "img2", "plain"]
+
+
+def test_expand_platform_config_ignores_non_platform_entries() -> None:
+    # Not expanded here -- legacy_config_migrate runs before this hook and is
+    # responsible for tagging/flattening pre-platform shapes.
+    config = ["not-a-platform-entry"]
+    assert expand_platform_config(config) == config
+
+
+# --------------------- end defaults/files expansion -------------------------
+
+
+def test_validate_image_final_defaults_to_little_endian() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_FILE: "x.png"}
+    validate_image_final(config)
+    assert config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+
+
+def test_validate_image_final_keeps_little_endian(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_FILE: "x.png", CONF_BYTE_ORDER: "LITTLE_ENDIAN"}
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        validate_image_final(config)
+    assert config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+    assert "big-endian" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_validate_image_final_warns_on_big_endian(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_FILE: "x.png", CONF_BYTE_ORDER: "BIG_ENDIAN"}
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        validate_image_final(config)
+    assert config[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] == "BIG_ENDIAN"
+    assert "big-endian" in caplog.text
 
 
 def test_image_generation(
@@ -369,7 +852,7 @@ def test_get_all_image_metadata_empty() -> None:
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_progmem_array():
     """Mock progmem_array to avoid needing a proper ID object in tests."""
-    with patch("esphome.components.image.cg.progmem_array") as mock_progmem:
+    with patch("esphome.components.file.image.cg.progmem_array") as mock_progmem:
         mock_progmem.return_value = MagicMock()
         yield mock_progmem
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/test_final_validate.py b/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/test_final_validate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bb091533b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ld6002b/test_final_validate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+"""Tests for the ld6002b validators that reach across platforms.
+
+wake needs a pin on its own hub, apply_area needs a select on its own hub, and
+area_config needs both a button and a select on its own hub.  Every one of them
+is a same-instance check, which is the half that breaks quietly.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.ld6002b.button import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as BUTTON_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA as BUTTON_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.components.ld6002b.const import CONF_AREA_CONFIG, CONF_Z_MIN
+from esphome.components.ld6002b.number import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA as NUMBER_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA as NUMBER_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AREA_ID,
+    CONF_BUTTON,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_WAKEUP_PIN,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+HUB_ID = "ld6002b_hub"
+OTHER_HUB_ID = "ld6002b_other"
+
+
+def _full_config(
+    hub: ConfigType,
+    *,
+    selects: list[ConfigType] | None = None,
+    buttons: list[ConfigType] | None = None,
+) -> Config:
+    """A full config carrying one ld6002b hub, as the ID pass leaves it.
+
+    final_validate resolves the hub through get_path_for_id, so the declaring
+    path has to be registered the way validate_config registers it: the path of
+    the id value itself, whose parent is the hub's own config.
+
+    The platform lists are what the cross-platform validators scan, so a test can
+    say which of them exist and which hub each one names.
+    """
+    full = Config()
+    full["ld6002b"] = [hub]
+    full.declare_ids.append((hub[CONF_ID], ["ld6002b", 0, CONF_ID]))
+    if selects is not None:
+        full["select"] = selects
+    if buttons is not None:
+        full[CONF_BUTTON] = buttons
+    return full
+
+
+def _hub(*, wakeup_pin: bool) -> ConfigType:
+    hub: ConfigType = {CONF_ID: ID(HUB_ID, is_declaration=True, type="ld6002b")}
+    if wakeup_pin:
+        hub[CONF_WAKEUP_PIN] = {"number": 4}
+    return hub
+
+
+def _buttons(**buttons: str) -> ConfigType:
+    """A button platform config naming the given buttons on the shared hub."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        "ld6002b_id": ID(HUB_ID, is_declaration=False, type="ld6002b")
+    }
+    config.update({key: {"name": name} for key, name in buttons.items()})
+    return config
+
+
+def _select(*, hub_id: str = HUB_ID) -> ConfigType:
+    """A select platform config naming area_id on the given hub."""
+    return {
+        "ld6002b_id": ID(hub_id, is_declaration=False, type="ld6002b"),
+        CONF_AREA_ID: {"name": "Area ID"},
+    }
+
+
+def _area_numbers(*, hub_id: str = HUB_ID) -> ConfigType:
+    """A number platform config carrying one area_config bound."""
+    return {
+        "ld6002b_id": ID(hub_id, is_declaration=False, type="ld6002b"),
+        CONF_AREA_CONFIG: {CONF_Z_MIN: {"name": "Area Z Min"}},
+    }
+
+
+def _validated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Run the button schema, then the final validation the hub is checked in."""
+    config = BUTTON_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    BUTTON_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
+
+
+def _validated_numbers(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """The same two passes for the number platform."""
+    config = NUMBER_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    NUMBER_FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
+
+
+def test_wake_without_wakeup_pin_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The wake button drives the pin directly, so a hub without one cannot serve it."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False))
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="wake requires wakeup_pin"):
+        _validated(_buttons(wake="Wake"))
+
+
+def test_wake_with_wakeup_pin_passes(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=True))
+    )
+
+    _validated(_buttons(wake="Wake"))
+
+
+def test_other_buttons_do_not_need_the_pin(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Only wake drives the pin; the query buttons stay usable without one."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False))
+    )
+
+    _validated(_buttons(get_delay="Get Delay"))
+
+
+def test_apply_area_without_select_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """apply_area sends the staged bounds to whichever area the select names."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False))
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^apply_area requires select\.area_id for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['apply_area'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated(_buttons(apply_area="Apply Area"))
+
+
+def test_apply_area_select_on_another_hub_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A select exists, but on a second ld6002b -- which cannot serve this one."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        full_config=_full_config(
+            _hub(wakeup_pin=False), selects=[_select(hub_id=OTHER_HUB_ID)]
+        ),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^apply_area requires select\.area_id for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['apply_area'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated(_buttons(apply_area="Apply Area"))
+
+
+def test_area_config_without_apply_area_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The six numbers only stage a write; apply_area is what sends it."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        full_config=_full_config(_hub(wakeup_pin=False), selects=[_select()]),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^area_config requires button\.apply_area for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['area_config'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated_numbers(_area_numbers())
+
+
+def test_area_config_without_select_is_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The validator's other half: the staged bounds also need an area to land in."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        full_config=_full_config(
+            _hub(wakeup_pin=False), buttons=[_buttons(apply_area="Apply Area")]
+        ),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=(
+            r"^area_config requires select\.area_id for the same ld6002b instance"
+            r" @ data\['area_config'\]$"
+        ),
+    ):
+        _validated_numbers(_area_numbers())
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..883d20b7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+esphome:
+  name: ln-trigger-codegen
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      # Bare form: restores the configured scan_parameters mode — no
+      # set_continuous emitted (asserted in the codegen test).
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.stop_scan:
+
+ln882x:
+  board: generic-ln882h
+
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    continuous: false
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - 11:22:33:44:55:66
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; ESP_LOGD("t", "%s", x.address_str_to(addr));'
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "end");'
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py b/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..608a4c6694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ln882h_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Codegen tests for the tracker automations: the generated main is the
+automated check on the setter calls and the listener accounting (the
+test.ln882x-ard.yaml compile fixture proves linkage, not codegen shape)."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import get_define_value
+
+
+def test_trigger_codegen(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("test_automations.yaml"))
+
+    # on_ble_advertise: multi-mac filter (two addresses in one initializer list)
+    assert "set_addresses({0xAC3743775F4CULL, 0x112233445566ULL})" in main_cpp
+    # 128-bit service uuid goes out reversed (BLE wire order); single-mac filter
+    assert (
+        "set_service_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "set_address(0xAC3743775F4CULL)" in main_cpp
+    # 32-bit middle branch of the width dispatch
+    assert "set_service_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    # All three manufacturer widths: getattr() builds these names as strings,
+    # so a misspelling only ever fails here.
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid16(0xABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "set_manufacturer_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    # scan-control actions: templatable continuous lambda + parented actions.
+    # Exactly one set_continuous: the bare start_scan emits none, pinning the
+    # restore-configured-mode divergence from esp32 against a future default=.
+    assert main_cpp.count("->set_continuous(") == 1
+    assert "startscanaction_id->set_continuous(" in main_cpp
+    assert "stopscanaction_id->set_parent(" in main_cpp
+    # scan_parameters continuous: false reaches the YAML-mode setter, not the
+    # runtime override.
+    assert "->set_configured_continuous(false)" in main_cpp
+    # Constructor call, not just the declaration: the parent argument is what
+    # registers the trigger as a listener.
+    assert re.search(
+        r"new\(\w+\) ble_device_base::BLEEndOfScanTrigger\(\w+\)", main_cpp
+    )
+
+    # Seven triggers register as listeners; an undercount silently drops the
+    # last trigger at runtime (StaticVector::push_back past capacity), so the
+    # define is the assertion that matters most.
+    assert get_define_value(ble_device_base.LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE) == "7"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2fe59b2f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-dropdown-update-event
+  on_boot:
+    - lvgl.dropdown.update:
+        id: test_dropdown
+        selected_index: 2
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - dropdown:
+        id: test_dropdown
+        options:
+          - First
+          - Second
+          - Third
+        on_update:
+          - lambda: |-
+              ESP_LOGD("test", "dropdown updated");
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/layout_update_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/layout_update_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84765a60cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/layout_update_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+spi:
+  - id: spi_bus
+    clk_pin: GPIO18
+    mosi_pin: GPIO23
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: st7789v
+    id: tft_display
+    dimensions:
+      width: 240
+      height: 320
+    cs_pin: GPIO22
+    dc_pin: GPIO21
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    invert_colors: false
+    update_interval: never
+
+lvgl:
+  id: lvgl_id
+  displays: tft_display
+  pages:
+    - id: main_page
+      widgets:
+        # A flex container whose layout options are changed at runtime.
+        - obj:
+            id: flex_box
+            layout:
+              type: flex
+              flex_flow: row
+            widgets:
+              - label:
+                  text: a
+              - label:
+                  text: b
+
+        # A grid container whose alignment options are changed at runtime.
+        # The grid structure (rows/columns) is fixed here at creation.
+        - obj:
+            id: grid_box
+            layout:
+              type: grid
+              grid_rows: [content, content]
+              grid_columns: [fr(1), fr(1)]
+            widgets:
+              - label:
+                  text: c
+              - label:
+                  text: d
+
+        # Button hosting all of the update actions under test.
+        - button:
+            id: btn_actions
+            on_click:
+              # Update flex container options (type unchanged).
+              - lvgl.widget.update:
+                  id: flex_box
+                  layout:
+                    flex_flow: column
+                    flex_align_main: center
+                    flex_align_cross: end
+                    pad_row: 7px
+              # Update grid container alignment options (structure unchanged).
+              - lvgl.widget.update:
+                  id: grid_box
+                  layout:
+                    grid_column_align: space_between
+                    grid_row_align: center
+              # Top-level layout applies to the active screen.
+              - lvgl.update:
+                  layout:
+                    flex_flow: column
+                    pad_column: 5px
+              # Layout applied to the top display layer.
+              - lvgl.update:
+                  top_layer:
+                    layout:
+                      flex_flow: row
+              # Styling applied to the bottom display layer (exercises the
+              # layers code path that previously generated no code).
+              - lvgl.update:
+                  bottom_layer:
+                    bg_color: 0x123456
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..875974a227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-list-on-add-lvgl-action
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - label:
+        id: later_label
+        text: orig
+    - list:
+        id: test_list
+        on_add:
+          - lvgl.label.update:
+              id: later_label
+              text: "changed"
+        on_remove:
+          - lvgl.label.update:
+              id: later_label
+              text: "removed"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_outside_block_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_outside_block_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4440734899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_outside_block_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-list-outside-block
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lvgl.list.add:
+          id: test_list
+          switch:
+            transform_rotation: 100
+            drop_shadow_color: 0x000000
+            bg_image_src: my_image
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+image:
+  - platform: file
+    file: mdi:battery
+    id: my_image
+    resize: 8x8
+    type: binary
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - list:
+        id: test_list
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b5b73478d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/list_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-list
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  theme:
+    label:
+      bg_color: 0xFF0000
+  widgets:
+    - list:
+        id: test_list
+        pad_row: 4
+        on_add:
+          - delay: 10ms
+          - delay: 20ms
+        on_remove:
+          - delay: 10ms
+    - button:
+        id: trigger_button
+        text: "Trigger"
+        on_click:
+          - lvgl.list.add_text:
+              id: test_list
+              text: "Header"
+          - lvgl.list.add_text:
+              id: test_list
+              text: "Pinned"
+              index: 0
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: test_list
+              button:
+                text: "Entry"
+                checkable: true
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: test_list
+              index: 1
+              obj:
+                widgets:
+                  - label:
+                      text: "Nested"
+                  - dropdown:
+                      options:
+                        - "One"
+                        - "Two"
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: test_list
+              obj:
+                widgets:
+                  - obj:
+                      widgets:
+                        - label:
+                            text: "Grandchild"
+          - lvgl.list.remove:
+              id: test_list
+              index: 0
+          - lvgl.list.clear:
+              id: test_list
+          - lvgl.list.update:
+              id: test_list
+              pad_row: 8
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/not_paused.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/not_paused.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dfe8f4ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/not_paused.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-not-paused
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin:
+      number: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  widgets:
+    - obj:
+        id: root_obj
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/paused.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/paused.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea747ec75b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/paused.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-paused
+
+esp32:
+  board: lolin_c3_mini
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin:
+    number: GPIO2
+    ignore_strapping_warning: true
+  clk_pin: GPIO1
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    data_rate: 20MHz
+    model: st7735
+    cs_pin:
+      number: GPIO8
+      ignore_strapping_warning: true
+    dc_pin:
+      number: GPIO3
+
+lvgl:
+  paused: true
+  widgets:
+    - obj:
+        id: root_obj
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/set_z_index_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/set_z_index_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61a248ff99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/config/set_z_index_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-set-z-index
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+spi:
+  - id: spi_bus
+    clk_pin: GPIO18
+    mosi_pin: GPIO23
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: st7789v
+    id: tft_display
+    dimensions:
+      width: 240
+      height: 320
+    cs_pin: GPIO22
+    dc_pin: GPIO21
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    invert_colors: false
+    update_interval: never
+
+lvgl:
+  displays: tft_display
+  widgets:
+    - label:
+        id: label_a
+        text: "A"
+    - label:
+        id: label_b
+        text: "B"
+    - button:
+        id: trigger_btn
+        on_click:
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: label_a
+              position: top
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: label_a
+              position: bottom
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: label_a
+              position: up
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: label_a
+              position: down
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: label_a
+              position: 3
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: label_a
+              position: -2
+          - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+              id: [label_a, label_b]
+              position: up
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_animation.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_animation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce9a162d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_animation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL animation schema and configuration validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid, MultipleInvalid
+
+from esphome.components.lvgl.animation import (
+    ANIMABLE_STYLES,
+    ANIMATION_SCHEMA,
+    TIMING_SCHEMA,
+    from_to,
+    literal_color,
+)
+from esphome.components.lvgl.defines import LValidator
+from esphome.core import Lambda
+
+
+def _animation(**overrides) -> dict:
+    """A minimal valid animation config, with optional overrides applied."""
+    config = {
+        "id": "anim_id",
+        "widgets": [{"id": "widget_id", "x": {"from": 0, "to": 100}}],
+    }
+    config.update(overrides)
+    return config
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Animatable property set
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestAnimableStyles:
+    def test_all_entries_are_animatable_validators(self) -> None:
+        """Every animatable style must be an LValidator marked animatable."""
+        assert ANIMABLE_STYLES
+        assert all(
+            isinstance(v, LValidator) and v.animatable for v in ANIMABLE_STYLES.values()
+        )
+
+    def test_known_animatable_present(self) -> None:
+        for prop in ("x", "y", "opa", "bg_color", "transform_rotation"):
+            assert prop in ANIMABLE_STYLES
+
+    def test_non_animatable_absent(self) -> None:
+        # width/height set size but are not animatable; layout/padding never are.
+        for prop in ("width", "height", "radius", "pad_all", "align"):
+            assert prop not in ANIMABLE_STYLES
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Animation schema
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestAnimationSchema:
+    def test_defaults(self) -> None:
+        config = ANIMATION_SCHEMA(_animation())
+        assert config["duration"].total_milliseconds == 5000
+        assert config["start_delay"].total_milliseconds == 0
+        assert config["auto_start"] is False
+        assert config["loop"] is False
+        assert config["timing"] == []
+
+    def test_values_preserved(self) -> None:
+        config = ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+            _animation(duration="2s", start_delay="250ms", auto_start=True, loop=True)
+        )
+        assert config["duration"].total_milliseconds == 2000
+        assert config["start_delay"].total_milliseconds == 250
+        assert config["auto_start"] is True
+        assert config["loop"] is True
+
+    def test_id_required(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            ANIMATION_SCHEMA({"widgets": [{"id": "widget_id"}]})
+
+    def test_widgets_required(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            ANIMATION_SCHEMA({"id": "anim_id"})
+
+    def test_multiple_properties_and_widgets(self) -> None:
+        config = ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+            _animation(
+                widgets=[
+                    {
+                        "id": "w1",
+                        "x": {"from": 0, "to": 100},
+                        "opa": {"from": "0%", "to": "100%"},
+                    },
+                    {"id": "w2", "y": {"from": 10, "to": 50}},
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+        assert len(config["widgets"]) == 2
+
+    def test_unknown_property_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+                _animation(widgets=[{"id": "w1", "not_a_style": {"from": 0, "to": 1}}])
+            )
+
+
+class TestAnimatedColorLiteral:
+    """A color animated via from/to must be a literal, not a lambda."""
+
+    def test_color_lambda_rejected_directly(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="lambda"):
+            literal_color(Lambda("return lv_color_hex(0xFF0000);"))
+
+    def test_color_literal_accepted_directly(self) -> None:
+        # A literal color value validates without error.
+        literal_color(0xFF0000)
+
+    def test_color_lambda_rejected_in_animation(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid), match="lambda"):
+            ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+                _animation(
+                    widgets=[
+                        {
+                            "id": "w1",
+                            "text_color": {
+                                "from": Lambda("return lv_color_hex(0xFF0000);"),
+                                "to": 0x00FF00,
+                            },
+                        }
+                    ]
+                )
+            )
+
+    def test_color_literals_accepted_in_animation(self) -> None:
+        config = ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+            _animation(
+                widgets=[{"id": "w1", "text_color": {"from": 0xFF0000, "to": 0x00FF00}}]
+            )
+        )
+        assert config["widgets"][0]["id"].id == "w1"
+
+    def test_non_color_property_allows_lambda(self) -> None:
+        # Only colors are restricted; numeric properties may use lambdas.
+        config = ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+            _animation(
+                widgets=[{"id": "w1", "x": {"from": Lambda("return 5;"), "to": 100}}]
+            )
+        )
+        assert config["widgets"][0]["id"].id == "w1"
+
+
+class TestFromTo:
+    def test_requires_both(self) -> None:
+        validator = from_to(lambda value: value)
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            validator({"from": 1})
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            validator({"to": 1})
+
+    def test_accepts_both(self) -> None:
+        validator = from_to(lambda value: value)
+        assert validator({"from": 1, "to": 2}) == {"from": 1, "to": 2}
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Timing schema
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestTimingSchema:
+    def test_round_trip_string(self) -> None:
+        assert TIMING_SCHEMA("round_trip")["type"] == "round_trip"
+
+    def test_round_trip_default_pause(self) -> None:
+        # Back-compat default: no pause, matching the pre-existing round_trip behavior.
+        assert TIMING_SCHEMA("round_trip")["pause"] == pytest.approx(0.0)
+
+    def test_round_trip_pause_percentage_string(self) -> None:
+        result = TIMING_SCHEMA({"type": "round_trip", "pause": "50%"})
+        assert result["pause"] == pytest.approx(0.5)
+
+    def test_round_trip_pause_rejects_one(self) -> None:
+        # pause == 1.0 would make moving_length_ zero and divide by zero in map_progress.
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            TIMING_SCHEMA({"type": "round_trip", "pause": 1.0})
+
+    def test_ease_in_out_default_weight(self) -> None:
+        result = TIMING_SCHEMA("ease_in_out")
+        assert result["type"] == "ease_in_out"
+        assert result["weight"] == pytest.approx(1.0)
+
+    def test_ease_in_out_custom_weight(self) -> None:
+        result = TIMING_SCHEMA({"type": "ease_in_out", "weight": 0.5})
+        assert result["weight"] == pytest.approx(0.5)
+
+    def test_gravity_defaults(self) -> None:
+        result = TIMING_SCHEMA("gravity")
+        assert result["type"] == "gravity"
+        assert result["bounce"] == pytest.approx(0.5)
+        assert result["acceleration"] == pytest.approx(0.5)
+
+    def test_gravity_custom(self) -> None:
+        result = TIMING_SCHEMA({"type": "gravity", "bounce": 0.3, "acceleration": 0.8})
+        assert result["bounce"] == pytest.approx(0.3)
+        assert result["acceleration"] == pytest.approx(0.8)
+
+    def test_unknown_type_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+            TIMING_SCHEMA({"type": "not_a_timing"})
+
+    def test_timing_list_in_animation(self) -> None:
+        config = ANIMATION_SCHEMA(
+            _animation(timing=["round_trip", {"type": "gravity", "bounce": 0.3}])
+        )
+        types = [t["type"] for t in config["timing"]]
+        assert types == ["round_trip", "gravity"]
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_dropdown_update_fires_event.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_dropdown_update_fires_event.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e034ad6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_dropdown_update_fires_event.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Regression test: lvgl.dropdown.update with selected_index must fire on_value/on_update.
+
+LvSelect (backing both dropdown and roller) did not set `value_property`, so the generic
+update-action machinery in automation.py never sent the synthetic update event for a
+`selected_index:` change made via `lvgl.dropdown.update`/`lvgl.roller.update`, unlike `value:`
+on number widgets or `text:` on text widgets. Fixed by setting `LvSelect.value_property` to
+`CONF_SELECTED_INDEX`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    config_path = (
+        Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "dropdown_update_fires_event_test.yaml"
+    )
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_dropdown_update_sends_update_event(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_send_event(test_dropdown->obj, lvgl::lv_update_event, nullptr)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_layout_update.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_layout_update.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9730df379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_layout_update.py
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""Tests for updating LVGL layout options via the update actions.
+
+The ``lvgl.update`` and ``lvgl.widget.update`` (and per-widget
+``lvgl.<widget>.update``) actions can change a container's layout *options* at
+runtime. The layout ``type`` and the grid ``grid_rows``/``grid_columns``
+structure are fixed at widget creation (they determine the cells/options
+available to child widgets), so only the simple style options - those applied
+via ``lv_obj_set_style_...`` calls - may be changed.
+
+These tests cover both the ``layout_validator`` (schema/normalisation) and the
+generated C++ for each target: a widget, the active screen (top-level
+``lvgl.update``) and the display layers.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.components.lvgl.defines import TYPE_FLEX, TYPE_GRID, get_lv_uses
+from esphome.components.lvgl.layout import layout_validator
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# layout_validator - schema and normalisation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value,expected",
+    [
+        ({"flex_flow": "row"}, {"flex_flow": "LV_FLEX_FLOW_ROW"}),
+        ({"flex_align_main": "center"}, {"flex_align_main": "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_CENTER"}),
+        ({"flex_align_cross": "end"}, {"flex_align_cross": "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_END"}),
+        (
+            {"grid_column_align": "space_between"},
+            {"grid_column_align": "LV_GRID_ALIGN_SPACE_BETWEEN"},
+        ),
+        ({"grid_row_align": "center"}, {"grid_row_align": "LV_GRID_ALIGN_CENTER"}),
+        ({"pad_row": "7px"}, {"pad_row": 7}),
+        ({"pad_column": "5px"}, {"pad_column": 5}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_layout_validator_normalises_options(value: dict, expected: dict) -> None:
+    """Each supported option is accepted and normalised to its LVGL form."""
+    assert layout_validator(value) == expected
+
+
+def test_layout_validator_accepts_multiple_options() -> None:
+    """Several options may be combined in one update."""
+    result = layout_validator(
+        {"flex_flow": "column", "flex_align_main": "center", "pad_row": "4px"}
+    )
+    assert result == {
+        "flex_flow": "LV_FLEX_FLOW_COLUMN",
+        "flex_align_main": "LV_FLEX_ALIGN_CENTER",
+        "pad_row": 4,
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        {"type": "flex"},
+        {"type": "grid", "grid_column_align": "center"},
+        {"grid_rows": 3},
+        {"grid_columns": ["fr(1)"]},
+        {"grid_rows": [1, 2], "flex_flow": "row"},
+    ],
+)
+def test_layout_validator_rejects_structural_keys(value: dict) -> None:
+    """The layout type and grid structure are fixed at creation and must not
+    be changeable via an update action."""
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="extra keys not allowed"):
+        layout_validator(value)
+
+
+def test_layout_validator_rejects_empty() -> None:
+    """An update must specify at least one layout option."""
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="at least one layout option"):
+        layout_validator({})
+
+
+def test_layout_validator_registers_flex_use() -> None:
+    """Validating a flex option registers the flex feature so LV_USE_FLEX is
+    emitted even when the option is set solely via an update action."""
+    layout_validator({"flex_flow": "row"})
+    assert TYPE_FLEX in get_lv_uses()
+
+
+def test_layout_validator_registers_grid_use() -> None:
+    """Validating a grid option registers the grid feature."""
+    layout_validator({"grid_column_align": "center"})
+    assert TYPE_GRID in get_lv_uses()
+
+
+def test_pad_only_update_registers_no_layout_use() -> None:
+    """Padding options belong to both layout types, so they alone do not force
+    either feature on."""
+    layout_validator({"pad_row": "4px"})
+    uses = get_lv_uses()
+    assert TYPE_FLEX not in uses
+    assert TYPE_GRID not in uses
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Generated C++ for the update actions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    """Generate the C++ output for the shared layout-update YAML config once
+    per module (codegen is relatively expensive)."""
+    config_path = Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "layout_update_test.yaml"
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_widget_flex_update_applies_partial_options(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """``lvgl.widget.update`` changes only the flex options that are specified,
+    via the appropriate ``lv_obj_set_style_...``/``lv_obj_set_flex_flow``
+    calls on the target widget."""
+    assert "lv_obj_set_flex_flow(flex_box, LV_FLEX_FLOW_COLUMN)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_style_flex_main_place(flex_box, LV_FLEX_ALIGN_CENTER, LV_STATE_DEFAULT)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_style_flex_cross_place(flex_box, LV_FLEX_ALIGN_END, LV_STATE_DEFAULT)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "lv_obj_set_style_pad_row(flex_box, 7, LV_STATE_DEFAULT)" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_widget_flex_update_does_not_change_type(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """The update must not re-establish the layout type: ``lv_obj_set_layout``
+    is emitted once (at creation) and never from the update action."""
+    assert main_cpp.count("lv_obj_set_layout(flex_box,") == 1
+
+
+def test_widget_flex_update_is_partial(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """An option that was not specified in the update (the track placement) is
+    only set at creation, not by the partial update."""
+    assert main_cpp.count("lv_obj_set_style_flex_track_place(flex_box,") == 1
+
+
+def test_widget_grid_update_applies_alignments(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """``lvgl.widget.update`` on a grid container changes its alignment
+    options without touching the grid structure."""
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_style_grid_column_align(grid_box, LV_GRID_ALIGN_SPACE_BETWEEN, "
+        "LV_STATE_DEFAULT)" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_style_grid_row_align(grid_box, LV_GRID_ALIGN_CENTER, LV_STATE_DEFAULT)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_grid_update_does_not_regenerate_descriptor_arrays(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """The grid row/column descriptor arrays are structural and generated once
+    at creation; an update must not regenerate them."""
+    assert main_cpp.count("grid_box_row_dsc") != 0
+    # The descriptor array is declared once and referenced once at creation.
+    assert main_cpp.count("grid_box_row_dsc") == main_cpp.count("grid_box_column_dsc")
+    assert "lv_obj_set_layout(grid_box," in main_cpp
+    assert main_cpp.count("lv_obj_set_layout(grid_box,") == 1
+
+
+def test_top_level_layout_targets_active_screen(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A top-level ``lvgl.update: { layout: ... }`` applies to the active
+    screen, not to the LVGL component object."""
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_flex_flow(lvgl_id->get_screen_active(), LV_FLEX_FLOW_COLUMN)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_style_pad_column(lvgl_id->get_screen_active(), 5, LV_STATE_DEFAULT)"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_top_layer_layout_applied(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A layout under ``top_layer`` is applied to the display's top layer."""
+    assert "lv_display_get_layer_top(lvgl_id->get_disp())" in main_cpp
+    assert "lv_obj_set_flex_flow(top_layer_VAR_, LV_FLEX_FLOW_ROW)" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_bottom_layer_styling_applied(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A ``bottom_layer`` style update generates code (previously the layer
+    keys of ``lvgl.update`` were silently ignored)."""
+    assert "lv_display_get_layer_bottom(lvgl_id->get_disp())" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(bottom_layer_VAR_, lv_color_make(18, 52, 86), "
+        "LV_PART_MAIN)" in main_cpp
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ee162f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL ``list`` widget: schema validation for its actions
+(``lvgl.list.add_text``/``add``/``remove``/``clear``) and the code they generate.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets.lv_list import (
+    LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA,
+    LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA,
+    LIST_SCHEMA,
+    list_add_schema,
+)
+from esphome.config import read_config
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# lvgl.list.add schema: id + optional index + exactly one widget-type key
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestListAddSchema:
+    def test_valid_single_widget(self) -> None:
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert result["id"].id == "my_list"
+        assert "widget" in result
+
+    def test_index_optional_and_templatable(self) -> None:
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "index": 2, "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert result["index"] == 2
+
+    def test_index_omitted_when_not_given(self) -> None:
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert "index" not in result
+
+    def test_missing_id_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="required key 'id' not provided"):
+            list_add_schema({"label": {"text": "hi"}})
+
+    def test_no_widget_key_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="exactly one widget definition"):
+            list_add_schema({"id": "my_list"})
+
+    def test_two_widget_keys_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="exactly one widget definition"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "label": {"text": "a"},
+                    "button": {"text": "b"},
+                }
+            )
+
+    def test_non_mapping_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Expected a mapping"):
+            list_add_schema("not_a_mapping")
+
+    def test_any_registered_widget_type_accepted(self) -> None:
+        for widget_key, widget_conf in (
+            ("checkbox", {"text": "Option"}),
+            ("switch", {}),
+            ("spinner", {}),
+            ("obj", {}),
+            ("dropdown", {"options": ["a", "b"]}),
+        ):
+            result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", widget_key: widget_conf})
+            assert widget_key in result["widget"][0]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("widget_key", "widget_conf"),
+        [
+            ("buttonmatrix", {"rows": [{"buttons": [{"text": "A"}]}]}),
+            ("tabview", {"tabs": [{"name": "Tab1"}]}),
+            ("tileview", {"tiles": [{"row": 0, "column": 0}]}),
+            ("meter", {"scales": [{"range_from": 0, "range_to": 100}]}),
+            ("canvas", {"width": 20, "height": 20}),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_dynamic_widget_unsupported_rejected(
+        self, widget_key: str, widget_conf: dict
+    ) -> None:
+        """buttonmatrix/tabview/tileview all register their own child widgets into
+        the global widget map from inside their to_code - fine for a widget built
+        once at boot, but broken if lvgl.list.add re-enters that on every call.
+        meter/canvas are rejected for a related but distinct reason: they declare a
+        Pvariable (meter's scale/indicator objects; canvas's draw buffer) with
+        cg.Pvariable()/cg.new_Pvariable(), which emits its assignment wherever code
+        is currently being generated -- fine at the top level of a boot-time
+        to_code, but lvgl.list.add's do_add runs inside a lambda. meter's assignment
+        would then end up outside the very lambda that declares the local object it
+        refers to (doesn't compile); canvas's Pvariable is declared once per config
+        site rather than per call, so every call overwrites its one draw buffer
+        (compiles, but leaks the old buffer and shares one buffer across every row).
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be used with lvgl.list.add"):
+            list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", widget_key: widget_conf})
+
+    def test_dynamic_widget_unsupported_rejected_when_nested(self) -> None:
+        """The check must recurse into `widgets:` so a tabview hidden a few levels
+        deep inside another widget is caught too, not just at the top level.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot be used with lvgl.list.add"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "obj": {"widgets": [{"tabview": {"tabs": [{"name": "Tab1"}]}}]},
+                }
+            )
+
+    def test_explicit_id_rejected(self) -> None:
+        """A dynamically-added widget is LocalVariable-scoped and rebuilt fresh
+        on every call, never registered anywhere an id could be looked up by --
+        an explicit id: would otherwise validate fine and then fail confusingly
+        (an uncaught traceback, not a clean config error) the moment anything
+        tries to reference it.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'id' is not allowed"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {"id": "my_list", "label": {"id": "dyn_label", "text": "hi"}}
+            )
+
+    def test_explicit_id_rejected_when_nested(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'id' is not allowed"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "obj": {"widgets": [{"label": {"id": "dyn_label", "text": "hi"}}]},
+                }
+            )
+
+    def test_no_explicit_id_still_valid(self) -> None:
+        """An id is auto-generated (and simply unused) when none is given --
+        only an explicit one is rejected."""
+        result = list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "label": {"text": "hi"}})
+        assert "id" in result["widget"][0]["label"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("key", "conf"),
+        [
+            ("on_swipe_left", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_swipe_right", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_swipe_up", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_swipe_down", [{"logger.log": "swiped"}]),
+            ("on_boot", [{"logger.log": "booted"}]),
+            ("align_to", {"id": "some_other_widget", "align": "OUT_LEFT_TOP"}),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_unsupported_trigger_rejected(self, key: str, conf: list) -> None:
+        """_wire_dynamic_triggers only wires LV_EVENT_TRIGGERS/on_value/on_update --
+        on_swipe_*/on_boot would otherwise validate fine and then silently generate
+        nothing at all for a widget added via lvgl.list.add. align_to is in the same
+        bucket: it's only ever consumed by generate_triggers() reading
+        get_widget_map(), which a widget built via lvgl.list.add never enters.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="is not supported"):
+            list_add_schema({"id": "my_list", "obj": {key: conf}})
+
+    def test_unsupported_trigger_rejected_when_nested(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="is not supported"):
+            list_add_schema(
+                {
+                    "id": "my_list",
+                    "obj": {
+                        "widgets": [
+                            {
+                                "label": {
+                                    "text": "hi",
+                                    "on_swipe_left": [{"logger.log": "swiped"}],
+                                }
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    },
+                }
+            )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# lvgl.list.remove: index must be non-negative -- LVGL treats a negative index as
+# counting back from the end, which would silently delete the wrong row while
+# reporting a list_index that matches nothing real to on_remove.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestListRemoveSchema:
+    def test_negative_index_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="at least 0"):
+            LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA({"id": "my_list", "index": -1})
+
+    def test_zero_index_accepted(self) -> None:
+        result = LIST_REMOVE_SCHEMA({"id": "my_list", "index": 0})
+        assert result["index"] == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The list widget's own schema: pad_row is shared between create/update, but
+# on_add/on_remove only make sense at creation time.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestListCreateVsModifySchema:
+    def test_create_schema_has_pad_row_and_triggers(self) -> None:
+        keys = {str(k) for k in LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA.schema}
+        assert "pad_row" in keys
+        assert "on_add" in keys
+        assert "on_remove" in keys
+
+    def test_modify_schema_has_pad_row_but_not_triggers(self) -> None:
+        """``lvgl.list.update`` can change pad_row but can't (re-)declare triggers."""
+        keys = {str(k) for k in LIST_SCHEMA.schema}
+        assert "pad_row" in keys
+        assert "on_add" not in keys
+        assert "on_remove" not in keys
+
+    def test_on_add_single_automation_with_multiple_actions(self) -> None:
+        """A bare action list under on_add: is one automation with a multi-step
+        `then:`, not multiple independent automations.
+        """
+        config = LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA({"on_add": [{"delay": "10ms"}, {"delay": "20ms"}]})
+        assert len(config["on_add"]) == 1
+        assert len(config["on_add"][0]["then"]) == 2
+
+    def test_on_add_accepts_multiple_independent_automations(self) -> None:
+        """Each explicit `then:` entry gets its own Trigger, so on_add can fire
+        more than one independent automation.
+        """
+        config = LIST_CREATE_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                "on_add": [
+                    {"then": [{"delay": "10ms"}]},
+                    {"then": [{"delay": "20ms"}]},
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+        assert len(config["on_add"]) == 2
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code generation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    """Generate the C++ output for the shared list-widget YAML config once per
+    module -- see test_widget_state.py for why this is module-scoped and
+    inlines the generate_main fixture logic rather than depending on it.
+    """
+    config_path = Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "list_test.yaml"
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_pad_row_set_at_creation(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_set_style_pad_row(test_list, 4, LV_PART_MAIN);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_pad_row_updated_via_update_action(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_set_style_pad_row(test_list, 8, LV_PART_MAIN);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_text_appends(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert 'lv_list_add_text(test_list, "Header");' in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_text_with_index_moves_before_firing_on_add(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """The index move must happen before on_add fires, so the reported
+    list_index reflects the entry's final position, not where it was appended.
+    """
+    assert (
+        'lv_obj_t *list_entry_VAR_ = lv_list_add_text(test_list, "Pinned");\n'
+        "        lv_obj_move_to_index(list_entry_VAR_, 0);\n"
+        "        triggerint_id->trigger(lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(test_list, list_entry_VAR_));"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_button_with_checkable_flag(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_button_VAR_ = lv_btn_create(test_list);" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_add_flag(dyn_button_VAR_, (lv_obj_flag_t)(LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE));"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        'lv_label_set_text(lv_obj_get_child(dyn_button_VAR_, 0), "Entry");' in main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_add_nested_hierarchy_with_compound_child(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """`obj: {widgets: [label, dropdown]}` builds a plain label child and a
+    heap-allocated (compound) dropdown child, both parented to the new row.
+
+    The child variable names carry a `_1` (depth) suffix, distinguishing them
+    from the row's own top-level variable -- necessary so that a child of the
+    *same* widget type as its parent (e.g. `obj: {widgets: [{obj: {...}}]}`)
+    doesn't declare a C++ variable that shadows its own not-yet-initialized
+    self, silently parenting the child to garbage.
+    """
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_obj_VAR_ = lv_obj_create(test_list);" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *dyn_label_1_VAR_ = lv_label_create(dyn_obj_VAR_);\n"
+        "            lv_obj_add_style(dyn_label_1_VAR_, _lv_theme_style_label_main_default, "
+        "(lv_state_t)(LV_PART_MAIN));\n"
+        '            lv_label_set_text(dyn_label_1_VAR_, "Nested");'
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_applies_theme_styles_to_dynamic_widget(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A widget added via lvgl.list.add must pick up the same `theme:` styling a
+    statically-declared widget of the same type gets, not render unthemed.
+    """
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_add_style(dyn_label_1_VAR_, _lv_theme_style_label_main_default, "
+        "(lv_state_t)(LV_PART_MAIN));"
+    ) in main_cpp
+    assert "LvDropdownType *dyn_dropdown_1_VAR_ = new LvDropdownType();" in main_cpp
+    assert "lv_dropdown_create(dyn_obj_VAR_)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lvgl::delete_lv_compound_on_delete<LvDropdownType>, LV_EVENT_DELETE, "
+        "dyn_dropdown_1_VAR_);"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_nested_same_type_child_does_not_shadow_parent(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A child of the same widget type as its parent (`obj: {widgets: [{obj:
+    ...}]}`) must get a distinct C++ variable name (or the child's declaration
+    would shadow its own not-yet-initialized self, parenting it to garbage --
+    compiling clean but for a -Wuninitialized warning). A grandchild of a third
+    type proves depth, not just type, drives the disambiguating suffix.
+    """
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_obj_VAR_ = lv_obj_create(test_list);" in main_cpp
+    assert "lv_obj_t *dyn_obj_1_VAR_ = lv_obj_create(dyn_obj_VAR_);" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *dyn_label_2_VAR_ = lv_label_create(dyn_obj_1_VAR_);\n"
+        "                lv_obj_add_style(dyn_label_2_VAR_, _lv_theme_style_label_main_default, "
+        "(lv_state_t)(LV_PART_MAIN));\n"
+        '                lv_label_set_text(dyn_label_2_VAR_, "Grandchild");'
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_add_moves_row_to_given_index_before_firing_on_add(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_move_to_index(dyn_obj_VAR_, 1);\n"
+        "        triggerint_id->trigger(lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(test_list, dyn_obj_VAR_));"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_on_add_fires_once_per_entry_via_shared_trigger(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A single on_add: automation means a single Trigger instance, reused by
+    every lvgl.list.add_text/add call site.
+    """
+    assert main_cpp.count("triggerint_id->trigger(lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(") == 5
+
+
+def test_remove_guards_against_missing_child_and_fires_before_delete(
+    main_cpp: str,
+) -> None:
+    """The index is materialised into a local once (list_index_VAR_) and reused for
+    both the child lookup and the on_remove trigger, so a templatable index isn't
+    evaluated twice.
+    """
+    assert (
+        "int list_index_VAR_ = 0;\n"
+        "        {\n"
+        "            lv_obj_t *list_child_VAR_ = lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove(test_list, list_index_VAR_);\n"
+        "            if (list_child_VAR_) {\n"
+        "                triggerint_id_2->trigger(list_index_VAR_);\n"
+        "                lv_obj_del(list_child_VAR_);"
+    ) in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_remove_out_of_range_lookup_uses_shared_cpp_helper(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """The out-of-range lookup (and its log line) live in a single C++ helper --
+    lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove() in lvgl_esphome.cpp -- rather than being
+    generated inline at every lvgl.list.remove call site, since a config can
+    have many of them and duplicating that logic (and its log string) at each
+    one would waste flash for no benefit.
+    """
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *list_child_VAR_ = lvgl::lv_list_get_row_for_remove(test_list, list_index_VAR_);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "ESP_LOGV" not in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_clear_fires_on_remove_for_every_entry_then_cleans(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "for (int list_index = (int) (lv_obj_get_child_count(test_list)) - 1; "
+        "list_index >= 0; list_index--) {\n"
+        "        triggerint_id_2->trigger(list_index);\n"
+        "    }\n"
+        "    lv_obj_clean(test_list);"
+    ) in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_on_add_lvgl_action.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_on_add_lvgl_action.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2383adc251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_on_add_lvgl_action.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Regression test: on_add:/on_remove: containing an lvgl action must not deadlock.
+
+ListType.to_code() used to build the on_add/on_remove automations directly, during
+widget creation. Every lvgl action's to_code awaits wait_for_widgets(), which only
+resolves once *all* widgets - including the list itself - have finished being
+created. Building an automation containing an lvgl action from inside that same
+widget-creation walk therefore could never complete: codegen deadlocked with
+"Circular dependency detected!". Fixed by deferring the actual build_automation()
+call to finish_list_triggers(), run after set_widgets_completed(True) - and,
+critically, before generate_triggers(), which is what processes other widgets'
+on_click etc. automations that might reference this list (e.g. via lvgl.list.add),
+and which therefore need the list's own on_add/on_remove triggers to already exist.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    config_path = (
+        Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "list_on_add_lvgl_action_test.yaml"
+    )
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_on_add_with_lvgl_action_does_not_deadlock(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert 'lv_label_set_text(later_label, "changed");' in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_on_remove_with_lvgl_action_does_not_deadlock(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert 'lv_label_set_text(later_label, "removed");' in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_outside_block.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_outside_block.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34c93a18e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_list_outside_block.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""Regression test for lvgl.list.add called from outside the lvgl: block.
+
+lv_list.py's list_add_to_code() must call _register_lv_uses() and
+_register_dynamic_widget_style_uses() before its first await (get_widgets(),
+which can block until the target list is defined) -- for an action referenced
+outside the lvgl: block, that wait can outlast lvgl's own to_code, which reads
+get_lv_uses()/get_styles_used() and flushes everything they drive (USE_LVGL_*
+defines, plus add_lv_use(image)/screen-transparency/A8-draw-support triggered
+by style properties) just once, near the end of its run. Every existing
+list_test.yaml call site lives inside lvgl: widgets:, so neither ordering
+requirement had any coverage.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GeneratedOutput:
+    main_cpp: str
+    define_names: set[str]
+    lv_define_names: set[str]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def generated(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> GeneratedOutput:
+    config_path = (
+        Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "list_outside_block_test.yaml"
+    )
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        # Copy out before CORE.reset() below clears these out from under us.
+        from esphome.components.lvgl import defines as df
+
+        return GeneratedOutput(
+            main_cpp=CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section,
+            define_names={d.name for d in CORE.defines},
+            lv_define_names=set(df.get_defines()),
+        )
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_dynamic_widget_creates_correctly(generated: GeneratedOutput) -> None:
+    assert (
+        "lv_obj_t *dyn_switch_VAR_ = lv_switch_create(test_list);" in generated.main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_dynamic_widget_type_use_define_is_registered(
+    generated: GeneratedOutput,
+) -> None:
+    """The switch type is only ever referenced via the on_boot lvgl.list.add call
+    (never declared as a static widget), so USE_LVGL_SWITCH can only be present
+    if _register_lv_uses() ran in time for lvgl's own to_code to flush it.
+    """
+    assert "USE_LVGL_SWITCH" in generated.define_names
+    assert "USE_LVGL_LIST" in generated.define_names
+
+
+def test_dynamic_widget_style_use_defines_are_registered(
+    generated: GeneratedOutput,
+) -> None:
+    """bg_image_src/transform_rotation/drop_shadow_color are only ever set on
+    the dynamically-added switch (never on a static widget), so
+    USE_LVGL_IMAGE/LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP/LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8 can only be
+    present if _register_dynamic_widget_style_uses() ran in time for lvgl's own
+    to_code to flush them.
+    """
+    assert "USE_LVGL_IMAGE" in generated.define_names
+    assert "LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP" in generated.lv_define_names
+    assert "LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_A8" in generated.lv_define_names
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_multi_conf_validate.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_multi_conf_validate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b63b7618e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_multi_conf_validate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Tests for LVGL's multi-instance config cross-checks."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.lvgl import defines as df, multi_conf_validate
+from esphome.components.lvgl.schemas import theme_schema
+from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+
+
+def _config(displays: list[str], theme: dict | None = None) -> dict:
+    config = {
+        df.CONF_DISPLAYS: displays,
+        "log_level": "WARN",
+        "color_depth": 16,
+        "byte_order": "big_endian",
+        df.CONF_TRANSPARENCY_KEY: 0x000400,
+    }
+    if theme is not None:
+        config[df.CONF_THEME] = theme
+    return config
+
+
+class TestThemeOnMultipleInstances:
+    def test_raises_when_two_instances_have_theme(self) -> None:
+        configs = [
+            _config(["disp_a"], theme={df.CONF_DARK_MODE: True}),
+            _config(["disp_b"], theme={df.CONF_DARK_MODE: False}),
+        ]
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="'theme' may only be set on one"):
+            multi_conf_validate(configs)
+
+    def test_raises_even_with_an_empty_theme_block(self) -> None:
+        # `theme: {}` still creates a CONF_THEME key (with dark_mode defaulted
+        # by the schema), so it should be treated the same as a populated one.
+        # Run it through the real schema rather than hand-building the dict,
+        # so this actually pins that defaulting behaviour.
+        configs = [
+            _config(["disp_a"], theme=theme_schema({})),
+            _config(["disp_b"], theme=theme_schema({})),
+        ]
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="'theme' may only be set on one"):
+            multi_conf_validate(configs)
+
+    def test_passes_when_only_one_instance_has_theme(self) -> None:
+        configs = [
+            _config(["disp_a"], theme={df.CONF_DARK_MODE: True}),
+            _config(["disp_b"]),
+        ]
+        multi_conf_validate(configs)
+
+    def test_passes_when_no_instance_has_theme(self) -> None:
+        configs = [_config(["disp_a"]), _config(["disp_b"])]
+        multi_conf_validate(configs)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_paused.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_paused.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eede17ec19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_paused.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL ``paused`` option code generation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+
+_SET_PAUSED_RE = re.compile(r"->set_paused\((.+?)\);")
+
+
+def _extract_set_paused(main_cpp: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Return the normalised argument text of every set_paused() call found.
+
+    Whitespace within and around the arguments is collapsed so unrelated
+    code-generation formatting changes don't break these tests.
+    """
+    return [" ".join(m.group(1).split()) for m in _SET_PAUSED_RE.finditer(main_cpp)]
+
+
+class TestPausedCodeGeneration:
+    """Verify that the ``paused`` option drives the set_paused() call."""
+
+    def test_paused_true_generates_set_paused(
+        self, generate_main, component_config_path
+    ):
+        """``paused: true`` emits a set_paused(true, false) call."""
+        main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("paused.yaml"))
+        calls = _extract_set_paused(main_cpp)
+        assert calls == ["true, false"]
+
+    def test_paused_default_omits_set_paused(
+        self, generate_main, component_config_path
+    ):
+        """Without ``paused`` (default false) no set_paused call is generated."""
+        main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("not_paused.yaml"))
+        assert _extract_set_paused(main_cpp) == []
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_schema_dict_helpers.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_schema_dict_helpers.py
index 16714f54d7..c8b3a76bf9 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_schema_dict_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_schema_dict_helpers.py
@@ -13,12 +13,7 @@ import pytest
 import voluptuous as vol
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
-import esphome.components.lvgl
-from esphome.components.lvgl import (
-    _theme_schema,
-    defines as df,
-    schemas as lvgl_schemas,
-)
+from esphome.components.lvgl import defines as df, schemas as lvgl_schemas
 from esphome.components.lvgl.schemas import (
     ALIGN_TO_SCHEMA,
     FLAG_SCHEMA,
@@ -31,6 +26,8 @@ from esphome.components.lvgl.schemas import (
     obj_schema,
     part_dict,
     part_schema,
+    theme_schema,
+    theme_update_schema,
 )
 from esphome.components.lvgl.types import LvType
 from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets import WidgetType
@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ def _clear_obj_dict_cache() -> Generator[None]:
         cache.clear()
     # The lazily-built theme schema is cached on _build_theme_schema; clear it
     # too so each test starts from a clean slate.
-    build_theme = getattr(esphome.components.lvgl, "_build_theme_schema", None)
+    build_theme = getattr(lvgl_schemas, "_build_theme_schema", None)
     if build_theme is not None and hasattr(build_theme, "cache_clear"):
         build_theme.cache_clear()
     yield
@@ -173,12 +170,12 @@ def test_spread_sources_carry_no_extra_schemas(schema: cv.Schema) -> None:
 
 
 def test_theme_schema_merges_obj_dict_and_full_style_props() -> None:
-    # _theme_schema is the riskiest merge: obj_dict(w) and FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA.schema
+    # theme_schema is the riskiest merge: obj_dict(w) and FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA.schema
     # share many STYLE_SCHEMA marker instances. Exercise the merged schema
     # end-to-end with one key from each side (a STATE_SCHEMA part from obj_dict
     # and a FULL_STYLE-only property) to lock the behaviour against future
     # regressions in either source.
-    out = _theme_schema(
+    out = theme_schema(
         {
             df.CONF_DARK_MODE: True,
             "obj": {
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ def test_theme_schema_self_heals_when_a_widget_type_is_registered_later() -> Non
     # any_widget_schema explicitly supports external components registering
     # widgets lazily, and the device builder revalidates in-process, so a
     # widget registered after first use must invalidate the cached snapshot.
-    _theme_schema({df.CONF_DARK_MODE: True})  # populate the cache
+    theme_schema({df.CONF_DARK_MODE: True})  # populate the cache
 
     name = "test_self_heal_widget"
     assert name not in WIDGET_TYPES
@@ -210,18 +207,68 @@ def test_theme_schema_self_heals_when_a_widget_type_is_registered_later() -> Non
     # manually so the next theme call sees the new entry.
     WIDGET_TYPES[name] = WidgetType(name, LvType("test_fake_t"), (), is_mock=True)
     try:
-        out = _theme_schema({df.CONF_DARK_MODE: False, name: {"bg_color": 0x010203}})
+        out = theme_schema({df.CONF_DARK_MODE: False, name: {"bg_color": 0x010203}})
         assert out[name]["bg_color"] == 0x010203
     finally:
         WIDGET_TYPES.pop(name, None)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "expected_path"),
+    [
+        ({"button": {"styles": ["foo"]}}, ["button", "styles"]),
+        (
+            {"button": {"pressed": {"styles": ["foo"]}}},
+            ["button", "pressed", "styles"],
+        ),
+        (
+            {"arc": {"indicator": {"styles": ["foo"]}}},
+            ["arc", "indicator", "styles"],
+        ),
+        (
+            {"arc": {"indicator": {"pressed": {"styles": ["foo"]}}}},
+            ["arc", "indicator", "pressed", "styles"],
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_theme_schema_rejects_styles_key(
+    config: dict, expected_path: list[str]
+) -> None:
+    # `styles:` (references to named styles) is accepted by FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA
+    # but silently dropped by style_set when building a theme's hidden style
+    # -- it only walks ALL_STYLES. Reject it instead of quietly doing nothing,
+    # at the top level and when nested under a part and/or state.
+    with pytest.raises(vol.Invalid, match="'styles:' is not allowed") as exc_info:
+        theme_schema(config)
+    assert exc_info.value.path == expected_path
+
+
+def test_theme_update_schema_rejects_styles_key() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(vol.Invalid, match="'styles:' is not allowed") as exc_info:
+        theme_update_schema({"label": {"styles": ["foo"]}})
+    assert exc_info.value.path == ["label", "styles"]
+
+
+def test_theme_update_schema_does_not_request_untargeted_main_default() -> None:
+    # collect_parts() unconditionally seeds a main/default entry even when
+    # only a specific state (here "pressed") was targeted -- registering a
+    # request for that spurious entry would make theme_to_code create an
+    # unused, empty style and attach it to every widget of this type.
+    theme_update_schema({"label": {"pressed": {"text_color": 0x010203}}})
+    assert df.get_theme_update_requests()["label"] == {("main", "pressed"): None}
+
+
+def test_theme_update_schema_requests_explicit_main_default() -> None:
+    theme_update_schema({"label": {"text_color": 0x010203}})
+    assert df.get_theme_update_requests()["label"] == {("main", "default"): None}
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "schema",
     [STATE_SCHEMA, FLAG_SCHEMA, STYLE_SCHEMA, FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA],
 )
 def test_spread_sources_have_no_top_level_marker_defaults(schema: cv.Schema) -> None:
-    # _theme_schema merges obj_dict(w) with FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA.schema; on a key
+    # theme_schema merges obj_dict(w) with FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA.schema; on a key
     # collision, dict-spread keeps the first source's marker (and its default)
     # but the last source's value, whereas .extend() would take both from the
     # later source. The two are equivalent today because the overlapping
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_set_z_index.py b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_set_z_index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf2a072ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/lvgl/test_set_z_index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+"""Tests for the ``lvgl.widget.set_z_index`` action: schema validation and
+code generation.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.lvgl.automation import SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA
+from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Validation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestSetZIndexSchemaValidation:
+    """Test that SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA accepts the documented forms and rejects
+    everything else.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("position", ["top", "bottom", "up", "down"])
+    def test_keyword_position_accepted(self, position: str) -> None:
+        config = SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget", "position": position})
+        assert config["position"] == position.upper()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("position", ["Top", "BOTTOM", "Up", "dOwN"])
+    def test_keyword_position_case_insensitive(self, position: str) -> None:
+        config = SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget", "position": position})
+        assert config["position"] == position.upper()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("position", [0, 1, 5, -1, -5])
+    def test_integer_position_accepted(self, position: int) -> None:
+        config = SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget", "position": position})
+        assert config["position"] == position
+
+    def test_unknown_keyword_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+            SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget", "position": "sideways"})
+
+    def test_float_position_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+            SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget", "position": 1.5})
+
+    def test_missing_id_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+            SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"position": "top"})
+
+    def test_missing_position_rejected(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+            SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget"})
+
+    def test_single_id_is_wrapped_in_list(self) -> None:
+        config = SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": "my_widget", "position": "top"})
+        assert len(config["id"]) == 1
+        assert config["id"][0]["id"].id == "my_widget"
+
+    def test_list_of_ids_accepted(self) -> None:
+        config = SET_Z_INDEX_SCHEMA({"id": ["widget_a", "widget_b"], "position": "top"})
+        assert [entry["id"].id for entry in config["id"]] == ["widget_a", "widget_b"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Code generation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def main_cpp(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> str:
+    """Generate the C++ output for the shared set_z_index YAML config once
+    per module. See ``test_widget_state.py`` for why this is module-scoped
+    and self-contained rather than using the function-scoped ``generate_main``
+    fixture from ``conftest.py``.
+    """
+    from esphome.__main__ import generate_cpp_contents
+    from esphome.config import read_config
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    config_path = Path(request.fspath).parent / "config" / "set_z_index_test.yaml"
+    original_path = CORE.config_path
+    try:
+        CORE.config_path = config_path
+        CORE.config = read_config({})
+        generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
+        return CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section
+    finally:
+        CORE.config_path = original_path
+        CORE.reset()
+
+
+def test_top_emits_move_foreground(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_move_foreground(label_a);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_bottom_emits_move_background(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_move_background(label_a);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_up_emits_unguarded_index_increment(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_move_to_index(label_a, lv_obj_get_index(label_a) + 1);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_down_emits_guarded_index_decrement(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """``down`` must be guarded so that a widget already at index 0 isn't
+    reinterpreted by LVGL as "move to the top" (LVGL treats a negative
+    index as "count from the back").
+    """
+    assert "if (lv_obj_get_index(label_a) > 0) {" in main_cpp
+    assert "lv_obj_move_to_index(label_a, lv_obj_get_index(label_a) - 1);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_positive_integer_emits_direct_index(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_move_to_index(label_a, 3);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_negative_integer_emits_direct_index(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    assert "lv_obj_move_to_index(label_a, -2);" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_list_of_ids_applies_to_each_widget(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """``id: [label_a, label_b]`` must emit the move call once per widget."""
+    assert (
+        main_cpp.count("lv_obj_move_to_index(label_a, lv_obj_get_index(label_a) + 1);")
+        == 2
+    )
+    assert "lv_obj_move_to_index(label_b, lv_obj_get_index(label_b) + 1);" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/micro_wake_word/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/micro_wake_word/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e57653585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""Tests for micro_wake_word local model validation."""
+
+import json
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.micro_wake_word import LOCAL_SCHEMA
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+MANIFEST: dict[str, Any] = {
+    "type": "micro",
+    "model": "hey_jarvis.tflite",
+    "author": "someone",
+    "version": 2,
+    "wake_word": "hey jarvis",
+    "trained_languages": ["en"],
+    "micro": {
+        "feature_step_size": 10,
+        "tensor_arena_size": 30000,
+        "probability_cutoff": 0.97,
+        "sliding_window_size": 5,
+        "minimum_esphome_version": "2024.7.0",
+    },
+}
+
+
+def _registered_files() -> list[Path]:
+    """Files components registered for bundling this run."""
+    data = CORE.data.get("bundle")
+    return list(data.extra_files) if data else []
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def config_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """A config dir holding a manifest and its model file."""
+    (tmp_path / "models").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "models" / "hey_jarvis.tflite").write_bytes(b"fake model")
+    (tmp_path / "models" / "hey_jarvis.json").write_text(json.dumps(MANIFEST))
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+def test_local_schema_registers_model_file(config_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """The model file named by the manifest is registered so bundles include it."""
+    LOCAL_SCHEMA({"path": "models/hey_jarvis.json"})
+
+    assert _registered_files() == [config_dir / "models" / "hey_jarvis.tflite"]
+
+
+def test_local_schema_registers_model_file_in_subdirectory(config_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """The model reference is resolved relative to the manifest, not the config dir."""
+    nested = config_dir / "models" / "nested"
+    nested.mkdir()
+    (nested / "model.tflite").write_bytes(b"fake model")
+    (config_dir / "models" / "nested.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({**MANIFEST, "model": "nested/model.tflite"})
+    )
+
+    LOCAL_SCHEMA({"path": "models/nested.json"})
+
+    assert _registered_files() == [nested / "model.tflite"]
+
+
+def test_local_schema_leaves_config_untouched(config_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Registration is a side effect; the model file is not a config key."""
+    config = LOCAL_SCHEMA({"path": "models/hey_jarvis.json"})
+
+    assert config == {"path": config_dir / "models" / "hey_jarvis.json"}
+
+
+def test_local_schema_missing_model_file_still_validates(config_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """A model file that does not exist is registered, not rejected.
+
+    Raising here would be swallowed by the shorthand validator, which would then
+    report a confusing error about a missing file in a git repository.
+    """
+    (config_dir / "models" / "hey_jarvis.tflite").unlink()
+
+    LOCAL_SCHEMA({"path": "models/hey_jarvis.json"})
+
+    assert _registered_files() == [config_dir / "models" / "hey_jarvis.tflite"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "contents",
+    [
+        pytest.param("{not valid json", id="malformed"),
+        pytest.param(json.dumps({"type": "micro"}), id="no_model_key"),
+        pytest.param(json.dumps(["a", "list"]), id="not_an_object"),
+        pytest.param(json.dumps({"model": 42}), id="model_not_a_string"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_local_schema_bad_manifest_does_not_raise(
+    config_dir: Path, contents: str, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Manifest problems are left to later stages, which report them better.
+
+    The skipped registration is logged so a bundle built without the model file can
+    be diagnosed.
+    """
+    (config_dir / "models" / "hey_jarvis.json").write_text(contents)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
+        LOCAL_SCHEMA({"path": "models/hey_jarvis.json"})
+
+    assert _registered_files() == []
+    assert "Not registering a model file" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
index c14abdb4fd..6259d85184 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for mpi_dsi configuration validation."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
@@ -71,6 +72,18 @@ def test_configuration_errors(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
             }
         )
 
+    # DSI displays cannot swap axes; enabling swap_xy reports a clear error.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'swap_xy' is not supported by this model"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                "model": "custom",
+                "init_sequence": [[0xA0, 0x01]],
+                "lane_bit_rate": "1.5Gbps",
+                "dimensions": {"width": 320, "height": 240},
+                "transform": {"mirror_x": True, "mirror_y": True, "swap_xy": True},
+            }
+        )
+
 
 def test_configuration_success(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
     """Test successful configuration validation."""
@@ -116,6 +129,59 @@ def test_configuration_success(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
         CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
 
 
+def test_deprecated_model_warning(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The deprecated M5Stack-Tab5-v2 alias warns and points at the replacement models."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32-p4-evboard", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32P4},
+    )
+
+    from esphome.components.mipi_dsi.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"id": "deprecated_display", "model": "M5Stack-Tab5-v2"})
+    assert "M5STACK-TAB5-V2 is deprecated" in caplog.text
+    # The warning names the replacement models so users know what to switch to.
+    assert "M5STACK-TAB5-ST7123" in caplog.text
+
+    # The replacement models validate without emitting a deprecation warning.
+    caplog.clear()
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"id": "st7123_display", "model": "M5Stack-Tab5-ST7123"})
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"id": "st7121_display", "model": "M5Stack-Tab5-ST7121"})
+    assert "deprecated" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_metadata_records_rotation(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """A configured display rotation is recorded in the metadata.
+
+    LVGL relies on this to flag a rotation set in the display config (see the
+    mipi_spi tests for the end-to-end LVGL rejection).
+    """
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32-p4-evboard", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32P4},
+    )
+
+    from esphome.components.display import get_display_metadata
+    from esphome.components.mipi_dsi.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    base = {
+        "model": "custom",
+        "init_sequence": [[0xA0, 0x01]],
+        "lane_bit_rate": "1.5Gbps",
+        "dimensions": {"width": 320, "height": 240},
+    }
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "id": "rotated", "rotation": 90})
+    assert get_display_metadata(config["id"]).rotation == 90
+
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "id": "unrotated"})
+    assert get_display_metadata(config["id"]).rotation == 0
+
+
 def test_code_generation(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_fixture_path: Callable[[str], Path],
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ab6c022e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+"""Tests for mipi_rgb configuration validation, in particular the per-model
+``requires`` component check (see esphome.components.mipi.DriverChip.check_requirements)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32S3
+from esphome.components.mipi_rgb.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA
+
+# Importing pca9554 registers its pin schema with pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY so that
+# models (e.g. SEEED-INDICATOR-D1) that reference pca9554-backed pins in their
+# defaults can be validated by the mipi_rgb CONFIG_SCHEMA in this test.
+import esphome.components.pca9554  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _validated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Run the component config schema followed by the final validation."""
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
+
+
+def test_model_requires_psram(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """A model known to have PSRAM on its board rejects a config without it.
+
+    RGB parallel displays always need a full framebuffer, so every model in this
+    component is expected to carry ``requires={"psram", ...}``. This board has no
+    other requirements, so its check is exercised in isolation here.
+    """
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3},
+    )
+    CORE.raw_config = {}
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"ESP32-8048S070 requires component 'psram' to be configured",
+    ):
+        _validated({"model": "ESP32-8048S070"})
+
+
+def test_model_requires_psram_satisfied(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    set_component_config: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """The same board model validates once PSRAM is configured."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3},
+    )
+    set_component_config("psram", True)
+    CORE.raw_config = {"psram": True}
+
+    config = _validated({"model": "ESP32-8048S070"})
+    assert config["model"] == "ESP32-8048S070"
+
+
+def test_model_requires_psram_and_expander(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    set_component_config: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """A model that also depends on an I2C GPIO expander lists both when missing."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3},
+    )
+    # Only satisfy one of the two requirements.
+    set_component_config("psram", True)
+    CORE.raw_config = {"psram": True}
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"SEEED-INDICATOR-D1 requires component 'pca9554' to be configured",
+    ):
+        _validated(
+            {
+                "model": "SEEED-INDICATOR-D1",
+                "spi_id": "spi_bus",
+            }
+        )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e85327c0ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_rgb/test_mipi_rgb_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Tests for mipi_rgb configuration validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+
+# Importing these registers their pin schemas with pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY so that
+# models referencing IO-expander-backed pins in their defaults (e.g. the LilyGO
+# T-RGB boards via xl9535, SEEED-INDICATOR-D1 via pca9554, or the Waveshare panels
+# via ch422g) can be validated by the mipi_rgb CONFIG_SCHEMA in this test.
+import esphome.components.ch422g  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.components.display import get_display_metadata
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, VARIANT_ESP32S3
+import esphome.components.pca9554  # noqa: F401
+import esphome.components.xl9535  # noqa: F401
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BLUE,
+    CONF_DIMENSIONS,
+    CONF_GREEN,
+    CONF_HEIGHT,
+    CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
+    CONF_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
+    CONF_RED,
+    CONF_SWAP_XY,
+    CONF_WIDTH,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+# A generic set of data pins so that models without a default pin assignment
+# (e.g. CUSTOM and RPI) still validate.
+DATA_PINS = {
+    CONF_RED: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+    CONF_GREEN: [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11],
+    CONF_BLUE: [12, 13, 14, 15, 16],
+}
+
+
+def _set_s3(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={
+            KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
+            KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_configuration_success(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """Every predefined model validates once required defaults are supplied."""
+    _set_s3(set_core_config)
+
+    from esphome.components.mipi_rgb.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, MODELS
+
+    for name, model in MODELS.items():
+        config = {"model": name, "data_pins": DATA_PINS, "pclk_pin": 21}
+        if model.initsequence is None:
+            config[CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE] = [[0xA0, 0x01]]
+        if not model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH):
+            config[CONF_DIMENSIONS] = {CONF_WIDTH: 480, CONF_HEIGHT: 480}
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+
+
+def test_transform_matches_model_support(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The transform schema only accepts the axes a model actually supports."""
+    _set_s3(set_core_config)
+
+    from esphome.components.mipi_rgb.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, MODELS
+
+    # ESP32-8048S070 supports both mirror axes but not swap_xy (RGB displays
+    # never support axis swapping).
+    model = MODELS["ESP32-8048S070"]
+    assert model.transforms == {CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y}
+
+    base = {"model": "ESP32-8048S070", "data_pins": DATA_PINS, "pclk_pin": 21}
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "transform": {"mirror_x": True, "mirror_y": False}})
+
+    # An unsupported axis may be explicitly disabled (a harmless no-op)...
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {**base, "transform": {"mirror_x": True, "mirror_y": False, "swap_xy": False}}
+    )
+
+    # ...but enabling it reports a clear, model-specific error.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'swap_xy' is not supported by this model"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                **base,
+                "transform": {"mirror_x": True, "mirror_y": False, "swap_xy": True},
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_st7701s_only_supports_mirror_x(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """ST7701S panels shorter than full height only expose mirror_x.
+
+    mirror_y only works at full height (864px), so the LilyGO 480px panels must
+    reject a mirror_y transform.
+    """
+    _set_s3(set_core_config)
+
+    from esphome.components.mipi_rgb.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, MODELS
+
+    model = MODELS["T-RGB-2.1"]
+    assert model.transforms == {CONF_MIRROR_X}
+    assert CONF_SWAP_XY not in model.transforms
+
+    base = {"model": "T-RGB-2.1"}
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "transform": {"mirror_x": True}})
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="'mirror_y' is not supported by this model"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "transform": {"mirror_x": True, "mirror_y": True}})
+
+
+def test_metadata_records_rotation(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A configured display rotation is recorded in the metadata.
+
+    LVGL relies on this to flag a rotation set in the display config (see the
+    mipi_spi tests for the end-to-end LVGL rejection).
+    """
+    _set_s3(set_core_config)
+
+    from esphome.components.mipi_rgb.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    base = {"model": "ESP32-8048S070", "data_pins": DATA_PINS, "pclk_pin": 21}
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "id": "rotated", "rotation": 90})
+    assert get_display_metadata(config["id"]).rotation == 90
+
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({**base, "id": "unrotated"})
+    assert get_display_metadata(config["id"]).rotation == 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py
index e7f5143d91..06cc8ee09a 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
 from esphome.components.const import BYTE_ORDER_BIG
 from esphome.components.display import get_all_display_metadata, get_display_metadata
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
@@ -13,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 )
 from esphome.components.mipi_spi.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA
 from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import ID
 from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
 
@@ -23,6 +27,18 @@ def validated_config(config):
     return config
 
 
+def _lvgl_config(display_id: str) -> dict:
+    """Build a minimal LVGL config dict referencing the given display id."""
+    return {
+        "displays": [ID(display_id, True)],
+        "log_level": "WARN",
+        "color_depth": 16,
+        "transparency_key": 0x000400,
+        "draw_rounding": 2,
+        "buffer_size": 0,
+    }
+
+
 def test_metadata_native_quad_default_test_card(
     set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
 ) -> None:
@@ -91,7 +107,7 @@ def test_metadata_no_swap_xy_not_full_hardware_rotation(
         PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3},
     )
-    # JC3248W535 has swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED -> transforms={mirror_x, mirror_y} only
+    # JC3248W535 has transforms={mirror_x, mirror_y} only
     config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({"model": "JC3248W535", "id": "jc3248w535"})
     meta = get_display_metadata(config["id"])
     assert meta is not None
@@ -166,3 +182,69 @@ def test_metadata_via_code_generation_lvgl(
     assert meta.height == 160
     assert meta.has_hardware_rotation is True
     assert meta.byte_order == BYTE_ORDER_BIG
+
+
+def test_metadata_records_rotation(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A configured display rotation is recorded in the metadata."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {"model": "ST7735", "dc_pin": 18, "id": "rotated", "rotation": 90}
+    )
+    meta = get_display_metadata(config["id"])
+    assert meta is not None
+    assert meta.rotation == 90
+
+
+def test_metadata_rotation_defaults_to_zero(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A display without a rotation reports rotation 0 in its metadata."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({"model": "ST7735", "dc_pin": 18, "id": "unrotated"})
+    meta = get_display_metadata(config["id"])
+    assert meta is not None
+    assert meta.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_rotation_flagged_when_used_with_lvgl(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A display with a rotation is rejected when driven by LVGL.
+
+    LVGL manages its own rotation, so a rotation set in the display config must be
+    flagged and the user directed to configure it in the LVGL block instead. This
+    exercises the full chain: the mipi_spi schema records the rotation in the
+    display metadata, and LVGL's final validation reports it.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.lvgl import final_validation
+
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA({"model": "ST7735", "dc_pin": 18, "id": "rotated", "rotation": 90})
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="rotation.*not compatible with LVGL"):
+        final_validation([_lvgl_config("rotated")])
+
+
+def test_no_rotation_accepted_with_lvgl(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A display without a rotation validates cleanly when driven by LVGL."""
+    from esphome.components.lvgl import final_validation
+
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA({"model": "ST7735", "dc_pin": 18, "id": "unrotated"})
+    # Should not raise.
+    final_validation([_lvgl_config("unrotated")])
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py
index 8c45b47752..77111ae867 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py
@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
 from esphome.components.display import CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD
 from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
+from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
 from esphome.components.mipi_spi.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA
 from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
@@ -183,3 +186,77 @@ def test_buffer_size_selected_when_lvgl_with_test_card(
     )
 
     assert config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE] == pytest.approx(1.0 / 4)
+
+
+def test_requires_missing_single_component_raises() -> None:
+    """A model that requires a single component raises when it is absent."""
+    CORE.raw_config = {}
+    chip = DriverChip("TEST-REQUIRES-PSRAM", requires={"psram"})
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"TEST-REQUIRES-PSRAM requires component 'psram' to be configured",
+    ):
+        chip.check_requirements()
+
+
+def test_requires_missing_multiple_components_raises() -> None:
+    """A model that requires several components lists all the missing ones, pluralized."""
+    CORE.raw_config = {}
+    chip = DriverChip("TEST-REQUIRES-MULTI", requires={"psram", "pca9554"})
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"TEST-REQUIRES-MULTI requires components '.*' to be configured",
+    ) as excinfo:
+        chip.check_requirements()
+    assert "psram" in str(excinfo.value)
+    assert "pca9554" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+def test_requires_satisfied_does_not_raise() -> None:
+    """No error is raised once all the required components are configured."""
+    CORE.raw_config = {"psram": True, "pca9554": []}
+    chip = DriverChip("TEST-REQUIRES-SATISFIED", requires={"psram", "pca9554"})
+
+    chip.check_requirements()  # Should not raise
+
+
+def test_requires_absent_does_not_raise() -> None:
+    """Models without a requires set are unaffected by the check."""
+    CORE.raw_config = {}
+    chip = DriverChip("TEST-REQUIRES-NONE")
+
+    chip.check_requirements()  # Should not raise
+
+
+def test_predefined_model_requires_psram(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A predefined board model known to have PSRAM rejects a config without it."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    CORE.raw_config = {}
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match=r"S3BOX requires component 'psram' to be configured"
+    ):
+        _validated({"model": "s3box"})
+
+
+def test_predefined_model_requires_psram_satisfied(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    set_component_config: Any,
+) -> None:
+    """The same board model validates once PSRAM is configured."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    set_component_config("psram", True)
+    CORE.raw_config = {"psram": True}
+
+    config = _validated({"model": "s3box"})
+    assert config["model"] == "S3BOX"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_init.py
index 8edbe095b7..f29883684c 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_init.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def test_dimension_validation(
                 "model": "JC3248W535",
                 "transform": {"mirror_x": False, "mirror_y": True, "swap_xy": True},
             },
-            "Axis swapping not supported by this model",
+            "'swap_xy' is not supported by this model",
             id="axis_swapping_not_supported",
         ),
         pytest.param(
@@ -361,7 +361,8 @@ def test_native_generation(
         "mipi_spi::MipiSpiBuffer<uint16_t, mipi_spi::PIXEL_MODE_16, true, mipi_spi::PIXEL_MODE_16, mipi_spi::BUS_TYPE_QUAD, 360, 360, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, true, 1, 1>()"
         in main_cpp
     )
-    assert "set_init_sequence({240, 1, 8, 242" in main_cpp
+    # A 10ms post-reset delay ({10, 255}) is prepended ahead of the model commands.
+    assert "set_init_sequence({10, 255, 240, 1, 8, 242" in main_cpp
     assert "show_test_card();" in main_cpp
     assert "set_write_only(true);" in main_cpp
 
@@ -377,6 +378,76 @@ def test_lvgl_generation(
         "mipi_spi::MipiSpi<uint16_t, mipi_spi::PIXEL_MODE_16, true, mipi_spi::PIXEL_MODE_16, mipi_spi::BUS_TYPE_SINGLE, 128, 160, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, true>();"
         in main_cpp
     )
-    assert "set_init_sequence({177, 3, 1, 44, 45, 178" in main_cpp
+    # A 10ms post-reset delay ({10, 255}) is prepended ahead of the model commands.
+    assert "set_init_sequence({10, 255, 177, 3, 1, 44, 45, 178" in main_cpp
     assert "show_test_card();" not in main_cpp
     assert "set_auto_clear(false);" in main_cpp
+
+
+# A 10ms delay (flattened to {10, 0xFF}, where 0xFF is the delay marker byte) is
+# always prepended to the init sequence, since both a software and a hardware reset
+# need to settle before further commands. A custom model has no reset_pin default
+# and does not set no_swreset, so when no reset pin is configured the SWRESET command
+# ({1, 0}: command 0x01 with no parameters) is prepended ahead of that delay.
+_SWRESET_YAML = """
+esphome:
+  name: swreset-test
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+spi:
+  clk_pin: 1
+  mosi_pin: 2
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    model: custom
+    id: {display_id}
+    dc_pin: 4
+    cs_pin: 8
+    dimensions:
+      width: 320
+      height: 240
+    init_sequence:
+      - [0xA0, 0x01]
+{reset_line}
+"""
+
+
+def test_swreset_prepended_without_reset_pin(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A model with no reset pin (and no no_swreset) gets SWRESET prepended."""
+    yaml_file = tmp_path / "swreset.yaml"
+    yaml_file.write_text(
+        _SWRESET_YAML.format(display_id="swreset_display", reset_line="")
+    )
+
+    main_cpp = generate_main(yaml_file)
+
+    # SWRESET ({1, 0}) followed by a 10ms delay ({10, 255}) is inserted ahead of
+    # the model's own commands.
+    assert "swreset_display->set_init_sequence({1, 0, 10, 255, 160, 1, 1," in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_swreset_not_prepended_with_reset_pin(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A hardware reset pin performs the reset, so SWRESET must not be prepended.
+
+    The post-reset delay is still required, so the sequence starts with the delay.
+    """
+    yaml_file = tmp_path / "hwreset.yaml"
+    yaml_file.write_text(
+        _SWRESET_YAML.format(
+            display_id="hwreset_display", reset_line="    reset_pin: 5"
+        )
+    )
+
+    main_cpp = generate_main(yaml_file)
+
+    # The delay ({10, 255}) is still present, but no leading SWRESET ({1, 0}).
+    assert "hwreset_display->set_init_sequence({10, 255, 160, 1, 1," in main_cpp
+    assert "hwreset_display->set_init_sequence({1, 0," not in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_padding_and_offsets.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_padding_and_offsets.py
index 7ae6f0e61f..b2b421c1e2 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_padding_and_offsets.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_padding_and_offsets.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ class TestNewModelVariants:
     def test_m5core2_with_native_dimensions(
         self,
         set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+        set_component_config: Callable[[str, Any], None],
     ) -> None:
         """Test M5CORE2 variant with reset native_width and native_height."""
         set_core_config(
@@ -231,6 +233,8 @@ class TestNewModelVariants:
                 KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32S3,
             },
         )
+        # M5CORE2 has PSRAM on board and requires it to be configured
+        set_component_config("psram", True)
 
         # M5CORE2 should validate successfully
         config = validated_config({"model": "M5CORE2"})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/fixtures/top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/fixtures/top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0226d680a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/fixtures/top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+mitsubishi_cn105:
+  id: ac_hub
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    mitsubishi_cn105_id: ac_hub
+    name: AC
+    current_temperature_min_interval: 30s
+    uart_id: uart_bus
+    update_interval: 10s
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/test_climate.py b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/test_climate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4e3da9c7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mitsubishi_cn105/test_climate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"""Tests for Mitsubishi CN105 climate configuration migration diagnostics."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.mitsubishi_cn105 import climate
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
+
+
+def test_top_level_hub_rejects_leftover_legacy_climate_keys(
+    component_fixture_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    config = load_yaml(
+        component_fixture_path("top_level_hub_with_legacy_climate_keys.yaml")
+    )
+    CORE.raw_config = config
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        climate.CONFIG_SCHEMA(config["climate"][0])
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "'current_temperature_min_interval'" in message
+    assert "'uart_id'" in message
+    assert "'update_interval'" in message
+    assert "top-level 'mitsubishi_cn105:' block" in message
+    assert "'telemetry_request_min_interval'" in message
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus/test_modbus.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus/test_modbus.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e53c55b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus/test_modbus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Tests for modbus configuration validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import modbus
+from esphome.components.modbus import CONF_MODBUS_ID, _validate_server_address
+from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS
+
+
+def test_server_address_accepts_valid_unit_address() -> None:
+    # A normal unit address (1-247) is accepted and returned as an int.
+    assert _validate_server_address(1) == 1
+    assert _validate_server_address(247) == 247
+
+
+def test_server_address_accepts_hex_string() -> None:
+    # hex_uint8_t parses hex strings, and the validator returns the parsed int.
+    assert _validate_server_address("0x10") == 0x10
+
+
+def test_server_address_zero_rejected() -> None:
+    # Address 0 is the Modbus broadcast address and cannot identify a server device.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="broadcast address"):
+        _validate_server_address(0)
+
+
+def test_server_schema_rejects_address_zero() -> None:
+    # The server-role schema wires in _validate_server_address, so address 0 is rejected there too.
+    schema = modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01, role="server")
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="broadcast address"):
+        schema({CONF_MODBUS_ID: "hub", CONF_ADDRESS: 0})
+
+
+def test_client_schema_still_accepts_address_zero() -> None:
+    # Not rejected for clients today, but not supported either: a client broadcast gets no reply and
+    # stalls the hub for the full send-wait.
+    schema = modbus.modbus_device_schema(0x01)
+    assert schema({CONF_MODBUS_ID: "hub", CONF_ADDRESS: 0})[CONF_ADDRESS] == 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cab944d825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_client/test_modbus_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Tests for modbus_client configuration validation.
+
+Handler PDU spans point into hub buffers reused once the handler returns, so the deferring-actions
+guard is a safety property: these tests pin it to every handler slot.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import modbus_client
+from esphome.components.modbus_client import (
+    CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE,
+    CONF_ON_NOT_SENT,
+    CONF_ON_SENT,
+    CONF_PDU,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA,
+)
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADDRESS,
+    CONF_CONTINUOUS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_ON_RESPONSE,
+)
+from esphome.core import Lambda
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+# Every handler slot on modbus_client.send. All five must reject deferring actions.
+HANDLER_KEYS = [
+    CONF_ON_SENT,
+    CONF_ON_RESPONSE,
+    CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE,
+    CONF_ON_NOT_SENT,
+]
+
+# A deferring action (registered synchronous=False) and a synchronous one, for contrast.
+DEFERRING_ACTION = {"delay": "1s"}
+SYNCHRONOUS_ACTION = {"lambda": Lambda('ESP_LOGD("test", "ran");')}
+TRUE_CONDITION = {"lambda": Lambda("return true;")}
+
+# The same deferring action buried inside nested control flow, which the guard must still find.
+NESTED_ACTIONS = [
+    pytest.param(
+        [{"if": {"condition": TRUE_CONDITION, "then": [DEFERRING_ACTION]}}],
+        id="if",
+    ),
+    pytest.param([{"repeat": {"count": 2, "then": [DEFERRING_ACTION]}}], id="repeat"),
+    pytest.param(
+        [
+            {
+                "repeat": {
+                    "count": 2,
+                    "then": [
+                        {
+                            "if": {
+                                "condition": TRUE_CONDITION,
+                                "then": [DEFERRING_ACTION],
+                            }
+                        }
+                    ],
+                }
+            }
+        ],
+        id="repeat_if",
+    ),
+]
+
+DEFER_MESSAGE = "Deferring actions"
+
+
+def _config(handler_key: str, actions: list) -> ConfigType:
+    """A minimal valid modbus_client.send config with one handler populated."""
+    return {
+        CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+        CONF_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01],
+        handler_key: {"then": actions},
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("handler_key", HANDLER_KEYS)
+def test_synchronous_handler_accepted(handler_key: str) -> None:
+    # The guard must not get in the way of an ordinary inline handler.
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(_config(handler_key, [SYNCHRONOUS_ACTION]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("handler_key", HANDLER_KEYS)
+def test_deferring_action_rejected(handler_key: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=DEFER_MESSAGE):
+        MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(_config(handler_key, [DEFERRING_ACTION]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("handler_key", HANDLER_KEYS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("actions", NESTED_ACTIONS)
+def test_nested_deferring_action_rejected(handler_key: str, actions: list) -> None:
+    # has_non_synchronous_actions recurses, so a delay buried in if:/repeat: is still caught.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=DEFER_MESSAGE):
+        MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(_config(handler_key, actions))
+
+
+def test_on_no_response_lambda_form_accepted() -> None:
+    # The returning-lambda form has no action list; the guard is a no-op on it.
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+            CONF_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01],
+            CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE: Lambda("return false;"),
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_on_no_response_retry_lambda_accepted() -> None:
+    # The automation form may also carry a nested retry: lambda.
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+            CONF_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01],
+            CONF_ON_NO_RESPONSE: {
+                "then": [SYNCHRONOUS_ACTION],
+                "retry": Lambda("return true;"),
+            },
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_continuous_on_write_pdu_rejected() -> None:
+    """A literal write-code PDU with continuous: true is rejected at config time (reads only)."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="does not apply to a write PDU"):
+        MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+                CONF_PDU: [0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0A],
+                CONF_CONTINUOUS: True,
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_continuous_on_read_pdu_accepted() -> None:
+    """A literal read-code PDU with continuous: true is fine - continuous polling applies to reads."""
+    MODBUS_CLIENT_SEND_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01,
+            CONF_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01],
+            CONF_CONTINUOUS: True,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+# The standalone component block. The compile fixtures cover the accepted shapes end to end; these pin
+# the parts a fixture cannot express - a rejection, and a module flag whose absence breaks other
+# components rather than this one.
+
+
+def test_component_requires_an_address() -> None:
+    """The address identifies the device on the bus, so there is no sensible default."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=CONF_ADDRESS):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ID: "bare_client"})
+
+
+def test_component_requires_an_id() -> None:
+    """The device is reachable only through id() in a lambda, so a generated id would be dead config."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=CONF_ID):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01})
+
+
+def test_component_accepts_an_id_and_address() -> None:
+    """modbus_id stays optional: it resolves to the single hub when only one is declared."""
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ID: "bare_client", CONF_ADDRESS: 0x01})
+    assert config[CONF_ADDRESS] == 0x01
+
+
+def test_component_rejects_an_out_of_range_address() -> None:
+    """A Modbus device address is one byte."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_ID: "bare_client", CONF_ADDRESS: 0x100})
+
+
+def test_multi_conf_no_default_is_set() -> None:
+    """Load-bearing: the modbus hub auto-loads this component to register its actions.
+
+    Without MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT that auto-load builds a default entry, which then fails the required
+    address above - breaking every configuration that uses modbus but never declares a modbus_client
+    block. validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml covers the same path end to end; this names the reason.
+    """
+    assert modbus_client.MULTI_CONF is True
+    assert modbus_client.MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT is True
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_custom_pdu.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_custom_pdu.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3a18da07f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_controller/test_custom_pdu.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+"""Config validation for custom_pdu and the deprecated custom_command alias.
+
+custom_command took a raw frame with a leading device address byte; custom_pdu takes the PDU only.
+Most of these tests cover what the schema itself enforces (the two keys are mutually exclusive, and
+custom_pdu takes byte-sized values). The last two reach the final-validate step that a bare-schema
+test cannot: a write-coded custom_pdu polled continuously is rejected there.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid, MultipleInvalid
+
+from esphome.components.modbus_controller import (
+    ModbusItemBaseSchema,
+    validate_custom_pdu_item,
+)
+from esphome.components.modbus_controller.const import (
+    CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_PDU,
+    CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS, CONF_CONTINUOUS, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import ID
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
+
+def test_custom_command_accepted_at_schema_level() -> None:
+    """custom_command validates at the schema level; migration/rejection happens in final validate."""
+    config = ModbusItemBaseSchema(
+        {CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]}
+    )
+    assert config[CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND] == [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]
+
+
+def test_custom_pdu_and_custom_command_mutually_exclusive() -> None:
+    """Only one custom source may be given; supplying both is a schema error."""
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+        ModbusItemBaseSchema(
+            {
+                CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01],
+                CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01],
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_custom_pdu_accepted() -> None:
+    """The new key takes PDU bytes (function code + data, no address byte)."""
+    config = ModbusItemBaseSchema({CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]})
+    assert config[CONF_CUSTOM_PDU] == [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]
+
+
+def test_custom_pdu_rejects_non_byte_values() -> None:
+    """PDU entries are bytes; a word-sized value is a sign the old raw format is being used."""
+    with pytest.raises((Invalid, MultipleInvalid)):
+        ModbusItemBaseSchema({CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x0103, 0x002A]})
+
+
+def _controller_full_config(*, continuous: bool) -> Config:
+    """A minimal full-config graph with one modbus_controller declaring id 'ctl', enough for the
+    final-validate to resolve the controller (and its continuous flag) from an item's
+    modbus_controller_id."""
+    ctl_id = ID("ctl", is_declaration=True)
+    config = Config()
+    config["modbus_controller"] = [
+        {CONF_ID: ctl_id, CONF_ADDRESS: 1, CONF_CONTINUOUS: continuous}
+    ]
+    config.declare_ids.append((ctl_id, ["modbus_controller", 0, CONF_ID]))
+    return config
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def reset_full_config():
+    token = fv.full_config.set(Config())
+    yield
+    fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_continuous_write_custom_pdu_rejected(reset_full_config) -> None:
+    """A write-coded custom_pdu (0x17 = read/write-multiple) under a continuous controller is
+    rejected at final validate: the hub would strip continuous from the mutating code and warn on
+    every update."""
+    fv.full_config.set(_controller_full_config(continuous=True))
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="can't be polled continuously"):
+        validate_custom_pdu_item(
+            {
+                CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID: ID("ctl"),
+                CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x17, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01],
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_continuous_read_custom_pdu_allowed(reset_full_config) -> None:
+    """A read-coded custom_pdu (0x03) under a continuous controller is fine - only writes stream."""
+    fv.full_config.set(_controller_full_config(continuous=True))
+    validate_custom_pdu_item(
+        {
+            CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID: ID("ctl"),
+            CONF_CUSTOM_PDU: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01],
+        }
+    )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py b/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py
index 7c978a5cd5..ce1098fbca 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/modbus_server/test_modbus_server.py
@@ -7,8 +7,13 @@ from esphome.components.modbus_server import (
     SERVER_SENSOR_VALUE_TYPE,
     _validate_no_overlapping_registers,
     _validate_register_ranges,
+    _validate_unique_bit_addresses,
+)
+from esphome.components.modbus_server.const import (
+    CONF_BITS,
+    CONF_REGISTERS,
+    CONF_VALUE_TYPE,
 )
-from esphome.components.modbus_server.const import CONF_REGISTERS, CONF_VALUE_TYPE
 from esphome.const import CONF_ADDRESS
 
 
@@ -21,6 +26,10 @@ def _config(registers: list[tuple[int, str]]) -> dict:
     }
 
 
+def _bits_config(addresses: list[int]) -> dict:
+    return {CONF_BITS: [{CONF_ADDRESS: address} for address in addresses]}
+
+
 def test_non_overlapping_registers_pass() -> None:
     # Values that tile the address space without gaps or overlaps are accepted.
     config = _config([(0x00, "U_WORD"), (0x01, "U_DWORD"), (0x03, "U_WORD")])
@@ -42,6 +51,18 @@ def test_duplicate_address_rejected() -> None:
         _validate_no_overlapping_registers(config)
 
 
+def test_unique_bit_addresses_pass() -> None:
+    config = _bits_config([0x00, 0x01, 0x02])
+    assert _validate_unique_bit_addresses(config) is config
+
+
+def test_duplicate_bit_address_rejected() -> None:
+    # Coils and discrete inputs share one bit address space, so a repeated address is rejected.
+    config = _bits_config([0x05, 0x05])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="more than once"):
+        _validate_unique_bit_addresses(config)
+
+
 def test_multi_register_value_overlapping_neighbour_rejected() -> None:
     # U_DWORD at 0x10 occupies 0x10 and 0x11; a U_WORD at 0x11 collides with its low word.
     config = _config([(0x10, "U_DWORD"), (0x11, "U_WORD")])
@@ -82,3 +103,5 @@ def test_raw_value_type_rejected() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
         validator("RAW")
     assert validator("U_WORD") == "U_WORD"
+    assert validator("U_WORD_S") == "U_WORD_S"
+    assert validator("S_WORD_S") == "S_WORD_S"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/network/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_arduino.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_arduino.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b66f676601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_arduino.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: arduino
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_ethernet_first.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_ethernet_first.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d98d19f545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_ethernet_first.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_rp2040.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_rp2040.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..984f2dcbb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_rp2040.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 18
+  mosi_pin: 19
+  miso_pin: 16
+  cs_pin: 17
+  interrupt_pin: 21
+  reset_pin: 20
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_single.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_single.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd23697808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_single.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_wifi_first.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_wifi_first.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65247f005f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/priority_wifi_first.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - wifi
+    - ethernet
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59c3a29fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+network:
+  tcp_send_buffer: 32kB
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18dd1fe5fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+network:
+  enable_high_performance: true
+  tcp_send_buffer: 16384
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/config/wifi_only.yaml b/tests/component_tests/network/config/wifi_only.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61dfde3e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/config/wifi_only.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py b/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..041b358dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/test_priority.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+"""Tests for the ``network: priority:`` list validator."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome.components.network import (
+    _SETUP_PRIORITY_AFTER_WIFI,
+    KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY,
+    NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE,
+    NETWORK_PRIORITY_STEP,
+    _final_validate,
+    _validate_priority_list,
+    get_network_priority,
+)
+from esphome.const import CONF_PRIORITY, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _clear_core_data():
+    """Wipe CORE.data so each test starts clean."""
+    CORE.data.clear()
+    yield
+    CORE.data.clear()
+
+
+def test_validates_plain_string_list() -> None:
+    result = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "wifi"])
+    assert result == [{"interface": "ethernet"}, {"interface": "wifi"}]
+
+
+def test_normalizes_mixed_case_to_lowercase() -> None:
+    # Regression check: mixed-case input must be lowercased so downstream
+    # callers like get_network_priority("ethernet") find a match.
+    result = _validate_priority_list(["Ethernet", "WIFI"])
+    assert result == [{"interface": "ethernet"}, {"interface": "wifi"}]
+
+
+def test_accepts_all_supported_interface_types() -> None:
+    # Only ethernet and wifi are currently accepted. Other interface types
+    # (openthread, modem) will be added when their setup-priority consumers
+    # land — see NETWORK_PLAN.md.
+    result = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "wifi"])
+    assert [e["interface"] for e in result] == ["ethernet", "wifi"]
+
+
+def test_rejects_not_yet_supported_interface() -> None:
+    # openthread / modem are in the long-term roadmap but no setup-priority
+    # consumer is wired yet, so VALID_NETWORK_TYPES excludes them today.
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "openthread"])
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        _validate_priority_list(["wifi", "modem"])
+
+
+def test_single_interface_is_valid() -> None:
+    result = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet"])
+    assert result == [{"interface": "ethernet"}]
+
+
+def test_rejects_unknown_interface() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "bluetooth"])
+
+
+def test_rejects_duplicate_entries() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Duplicate entries"):
+        _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "ethernet"])
+
+
+def test_rejects_duplicates_regardless_of_case() -> None:
+    # Same interface in mixed cases should still trip the duplicate check
+    # after normalization.
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Duplicate entries"):
+        _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "Ethernet"])
+
+
+def test_rejects_mapping_form() -> None:
+    # The mapping form (- ethernet: { timeout: 30s }) was removed when the
+    # timeout option moved to its consumer PR.  Verify we reject it cleanly
+    # instead of silently accepting a no-op.
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        _validate_priority_list([{"ethernet": {"timeout": "30s"}}])
+
+
+def test_get_network_priority_returns_none_when_unset() -> None:
+    assert get_network_priority("ethernet") is None
+
+
+def test_get_network_priority_assigns_base_to_first_entry() -> None:
+    CORE.data[KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY] = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "wifi"])
+    assert get_network_priority("ethernet") == NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE
+
+
+def test_get_network_priority_steps_down_by_step_per_position() -> None:
+    CORE.data[KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY] = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "wifi"])
+    assert get_network_priority("wifi") == NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE - NETWORK_PRIORITY_STEP
+
+
+def test_get_network_priority_is_case_insensitive_on_query() -> None:
+    CORE.data[KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY] = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet"])
+    assert get_network_priority("Ethernet") == NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE
+
+
+def test_get_network_priority_returns_none_for_unlisted_interface() -> None:
+    CORE.data[KEY_NETWORK_PRIORITY] = _validate_priority_list(["ethernet"])
+    assert get_network_priority("wifi") is None
+
+
+def test_final_validate_rejects_priority_iface_without_component() -> None:
+    """An interface named in 'priority' with no matching component block is rejected."""
+    # priority lists wifi, but only ethernet is present in the full config.
+    fv.full_config.set({"ethernet": {}})
+    config = {CONF_PRIORITY: _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "wifi"])}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid, match=r"'wifi' is listed in 'network: priority:' but no 'wifi:'"
+    ):
+        _final_validate(config)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_accepts_when_all_priority_ifaces_present() -> None:
+    """No error when every interface in 'priority' has a matching component block."""
+    fv.full_config.set({"ethernet": {}, "wifi": {}})
+    config = {CONF_PRIORITY: _validate_priority_list(["ethernet", "wifi"])}
+    _final_validate(config)  # must not raise
+
+
+def test_final_validate_noop_without_priority_list() -> None:
+    """A network config without a 'priority' list imposes no component requirements."""
+    fv.full_config.set({})
+    _final_validate({})  # must not raise
+
+
+def test_final_validate_rejects_unsupported_arbitration_interface(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The ethernet/wifi-only arbitration tripwire fails as a clean config error.
+
+    Unreachable through the public schema today (VALID_NETWORK_TYPES gates the
+    list), so the config is hand-built to simulate a future interface type that
+    was added to the schema without extending NetworkComponent::loop().
+    """
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    fv.full_config.set({"openthread": {}, "wifi": {}})
+    config = {CONF_PRIORITY: [{"interface": "openthread"}, {"interface": "wifi"}]}
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="arbitration does not support: openthread"):
+        _final_validate(config)
+
+
+def _cpp_setup_priority(name: str) -> float:
+    """Read a setup_priority constant straight from esphome/core/component.h."""
+    header = Path(__file__).parents[3] / "esphome" / "core" / "component.h"
+    match = re.search(
+        rf"inline constexpr float {name} = ([\d.]+)f;", header.read_text()
+    )
+    assert match is not None, f"setup_priority::{name} not found in component.h"
+    return float(match.group(1))
+
+
+def test_priority_band_constants_match_cpp_setup_priority() -> None:
+    """The Python priority-band constants mirror the C++ setup_priority values.
+
+    NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE must equal the historical setup_priority::WIFI /
+    ::ETHERNET default so a single-entry priority list reproduces the legacy
+    setup order, and the band guard must track setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI.
+    Reading the values from component.h turns a silent desync into a CI
+    failure if either side is ever rebalanced.
+    """
+    assert _cpp_setup_priority("WIFI") == NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE
+    assert _cpp_setup_priority("ETHERNET") == NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE
+    assert _cpp_setup_priority("AFTER_WIFI") == _SETUP_PRIORITY_AFTER_WIFI
+    # Must stay below AFTER_BLUETOOTH (NetworkComponent's own priority) so
+    # interfaces never set up before esp_netif_init().
+    assert _cpp_setup_priority("AFTER_BLUETOOTH") > NETWORK_PRIORITY_BASE
+
+
+def test_wifi_first_priority_emits_primary_interface_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """A wifi-first priority list emits USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("priority_wifi_first.yaml"))
+    defines = {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert "USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_WIFI" in defines
+    # Emitted by cg.set_setup_priority() at the wifi/ethernet call sites.
+    assert "USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE" in defines
+
+
+def test_ethernet_first_priority_emits_no_primary_interface_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Ethernet-first matches the built-in preference order, so no define is emitted."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("priority_ethernet_first.yaml"))
+    assert not any(
+        d.name.startswith("USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_") for d in CORE.defines
+    )
+    # The setup-priority overrides themselves are still emitted.
+    assert "USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE" in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_no_primary_interface_define_without_priority(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Without a priority list, no primary-interface define is emitted."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("wifi_only.yaml"))
+    assert not any(
+        d.name.startswith("USE_NETWORK_PRIMARY_INTERFACE_") for d in CORE.defines
+    )
+
+
+def _dns_per_default_netif_option() -> bool | None:
+    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS
+
+    if KEY_ESP32 not in CORE.data:  # non-ESP32 configs have no sdkconfig at all
+        return None
+    return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get(
+        "CONFIG_ESP_NETIF_SET_DNS_PER_DEFAULT_NETIF"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config_file",
+    [
+        "priority_wifi_first.yaml",
+        "priority_ethernet_first.yaml",
+        "priority_arduino.yaml",
+    ],
+)
+def test_multi_interface_priority_enables_default_route_arbitration(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+) -> None:
+    """More than one interface in 'priority' enables default-route arbitration."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    assert "USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE" in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert _dns_per_default_netif_option() is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config_file",
+    [
+        # Single-entry priority list / no list at all.
+        "priority_single.yaml",
+        "wifi_only.yaml",
+        # Dual-interface on rp2040: validates, but the arbitration is ESP32-only
+        # (NetworkComponent::loop() is compiled under USE_ESP32) — emitting the
+        # define here would be a hard build break.
+        "priority_rp2040.yaml",
+    ],
+)
+def test_single_interface_has_no_default_route_arbitration(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Single-interface and non-ESP32 configs must not compile in the arbitration."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    assert "USE_NETWORK_DEFAULT_ROUTE" not in {d.name for d in CORE.defines}
+    assert _dns_per_default_netif_option() is None
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/network/test_tcp_send_buffer.py b/tests/component_tests/network/test_tcp_send_buffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6498921243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/network/test_tcp_send_buffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""Tests for the ``network: tcp_send_buffer:`` option.
+
+The option sets lwIP's per-socket TCP send buffer
+(CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT) on ESP-IDF. The stock default (5744 bytes)
+stalls bursty senders such as a Bluetooth proxy streaming GATT notifications;
+until now the only way to raise it was the all-or-nothing
+``enable_high_performance`` bundle.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from voluptuous import Invalid
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
+    KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+)
+from esphome.components.network import (
+    CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX,
+    TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN,
+)
+from esphome.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _sdkconfig_option(name: str) -> int | None:
+    return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get(name)
+
+
+def test_tcp_send_buffer_sets_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path("tcp_send_buffer.yaml"))
+    assert _sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT") == 32000
+
+
+def test_tcp_send_buffer_overrides_high_performance(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """An explicit size wins over the high performance bundle's 65534."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("tcp_send_buffer_high_perf.yaml"))
+    assert _sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT") == 16384
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MIN, TCP_SEND_BUFFER_MAX])
+def test_boundary_values_accepted(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, value: int
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 5, 5)},
+        platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    assert CONFIG_SCHEMA({"tcp_send_buffer": value})[CONF_TCP_SEND_BUFFER] == value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["1kB", "128kB"])
+def test_out_of_range_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, value: str
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 5, 5)},
+        platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"tcp_send_buffer": value})
+
+
+def test_rejected_on_esp8266(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(3, 1, 2)},
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="esp32"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"tcp_send_buffer": "32kB"})
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/noise/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/noise/test_encryption_key.py b/tests/component_tests/noise/test_encryption_key.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62abae6487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/noise/test_encryption_key.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Tests for the shared noise encryption key helpers."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.noise import decode_encryption_key, validate_encryption_key
+
+KEY = "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8="
+
+
+def test_validate_encryption_key_roundtrips() -> None:
+    assert validate_encryption_key(KEY) == KEY
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["not-base64!!!", "AAECAw=="])
+def test_validate_encryption_key_rejects_bad_input(value: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        validate_encryption_key(value)
+
+
+def test_decode_encryption_key_returns_32_bytes() -> None:
+    assert decode_encryption_key(KEY) == bytes(range(32))
+
+
+def test_decode_encryption_key_rejects_invalid_base64() -> None:
+    """The shared helper raises cv.Invalid, not binascii.Error."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="base64"):
+        decode_encryption_key("A")
+
+
+def test_decode_encryption_key_rejects_short_decode() -> None:
+    """a2b_base64 stops at embedded padding; a short decode must not become
+    a zero padded PSK on the device."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="32 bytes"):
+        decode_encryption_key("AAECAw==")
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/online_image/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/online_image/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/online_image/config/online_image_platform_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/online_image/config/online_image_platform_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b92bf75d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/online_image/config/online_image_platform_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# New `image:` `platform: online_image` form. Exercises online_image/image.py
+# through the real platform loader and codegen pipeline.
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32s3box
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: false
+
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: test_online_image
+    url: http://example.com/image.png
+    format: png
+    type: rgb565
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin: 6
+  clk_pin: 7
+
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    id: lcd_display
+    model: s3box
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/online_image/config/online_image_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/online_image/config/online_image_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4af398cdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/online_image/config/online_image_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Legacy top-level `online_image:` form. Exercises the deprecation shim and the
+# shared codegen path through the real read_config/codegen pipeline.
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32s3box
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: false
+
+online_image:
+  - id: test_online_image
+    url: http://example.com/image.png
+    format: png
+    type: rgb565
+
+spi:
+  mosi_pin: 6
+  clk_pin: 7
+
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    id: lcd_display
+    model: s3box
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/online_image/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/online_image/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76b00ff5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/online_image/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Tests for the online_image platform and the legacy `online_image:` shim."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.online_image import (
+    DOMAIN,
+    LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION,
+    _capture_legacy_entry,
+    _warn_legacy_online_image,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Legacy top-level `online_image:` deprecation shim -- REMOVE these tests after
+# 2027.1.0 together with the shim in esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_warn_legacy_online_image_warns_once(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The deprecation warning fires exactly once and never mutates the config."""
+    config: ConfigType = {"id": "test_online_image", "url": "http://example.com/i.png"}
+
+    # A per-entry capture (CONFIG_SCHEMA step) records the raw entry so the
+    # one-shot warning can print a pasteable migrated block.
+    assert _capture_legacy_entry(config) is config
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        # First call: flag not yet set -> warns and records the flag.
+        assert _warn_legacy_online_image(config) is config
+        # Second call: flag already set -> stays silent (the dedup branch).
+        assert _warn_legacy_online_image(config) is config
+
+    assert CORE.data[DOMAIN]["legacy_warning_shown"] is True
+    warnings = [r for r in caplog.records if r.levelno == logging.WARNING]
+    assert len(warnings) == 1
+    assert "deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert "platform: online_image" in caplog.text
+    assert LEGACY_REMOVAL_VERSION in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_legacy_online_image_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The legacy `online_image:` block validates, warns, and generates codegen
+    through the real read_config/codegen pipeline."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("online_image_test.yaml"))
+
+    # Deprecation warning surfaced through the real validation pipeline.
+    assert "online_image" in caplog.text
+    assert "deprecated" in caplog.text
+
+    # setup_online_image ran: OnlineImage object constructed and parented.
+    assert "new(test_online_image) online_image::OnlineImage(" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_online_image_platform_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """The `image:` `platform: online_image` form generates codegen through the
+    real platform loader (online_image/image.py) without a deprecation warning."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("online_image_platform_test.yaml"))
+
+    assert "new(test_online_image) online_image::OnlineImage(" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py b/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py
index 6990c1c051..418cab5ea1 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome import bundle
 from esphome.components.packages import (
     CONFIG_SCHEMA,
     _substitute_package_definition,
@@ -1264,6 +1265,75 @@ def test_remote_packages_no_revert(
     ]
 
 
+@patch("esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml")
+@patch("pathlib.Path.is_file")
+@patch("esphome.git.clone_or_update")
+def test_remote_packages_skipped_revert_does_not_retry(
+    mock_clone_or_update, mock_is_file, mock_load_yaml
+) -> None:
+    """When revert() reports the rollback was skipped, the load is not
+    retried (the checkout is unchanged) and the error says so."""
+    mock_revert = MagicMock(return_value=False)
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (Path("/tmp/noexists"), mock_revert)
+    mock_is_file.return_value = True
+    mock_load_yaml.side_effect = cv.Invalid("bad yaml")
+
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "pkg": {
+                CONF_URL: "https://github.com/esphome/repo",
+                CONF_REF: "main",
+                CONF_FILES: [{CONF_PATH: "file.yaml"}],
+                CONF_REFRESH: "1d",
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="could not revert the cached checkout"):
+        packages_pass(config)
+
+    assert mock_revert.call_count == 1
+    assert mock_load_yaml.call_count == 1
+
+
+@patch("esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml")
+@patch("pathlib.Path.is_file")
+@patch("esphome.git.clone_or_update")
+def test_remote_packages_successful_revert_retries(
+    mock_clone_or_update, mock_is_file, mock_load_yaml, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A successful revert retries the load against the reverted checkout and
+    logs the original error, the only trace that upstream was broken."""
+    mock_revert = MagicMock(return_value=True)
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (Path("/tmp/noexists"), mock_revert)
+    mock_is_file.return_value = True
+    mock_load_yaml.side_effect = [
+        cv.Invalid("bad yaml"),
+        OrderedDict(
+            {CONF_SENSOR: [{CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1, CONF_NAME: "test"}]}
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "pkg": {
+                CONF_URL: "https://github.com/esphome/repo",
+                CONF_REF: "main",
+                CONF_FILES: [{CONF_PATH: "file.yaml"}],
+                CONF_REFRESH: "1d",
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        actual = packages_pass(config)
+
+    assert actual[CONF_SENSOR] == [
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1, CONF_NAME: "test"}
+    ]
+    assert mock_revert.call_count == 1
+    assert mock_load_yaml.call_count == 2
+    assert any("reverted the cached checkout" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records)
+
+
 def test_raw_config_contains_merged_esphome_from_package(tmp_path) -> None:
     """Test that CORE.raw_config contains esphome section from merged package.
 
@@ -1625,3 +1695,34 @@ def test_resolve_packages_does_not_apply_extend_remove() -> None:
     # over the package value during merge), and the marker is not
     # resolved by this wrapper.
     assert isinstance(result[CONF_WIFI], Remove)
+
+
+@patch("esphome.git.clone_or_update")
+def test_remote_package_registers_checkout_for_secret_scan(
+    mock_clone_or_update, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Loading a remote package registers its path-narrowed checkout dir
+    as a bundle secret-scan dir (issue 18023)."""
+    repo_root = tmp_path / "repo"
+    package_dir = repo_root / "packages"
+    package_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (package_dir / "base.yml").write_text(
+        f"sensor:\n  - platform: {TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1}\n    name: {TEST_SENSOR_NAME_1}\n"
+    )
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (repo_root, None)
+
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "package1": {
+                CONF_URL: "https://github.com/esphome/non-existant-repo",
+                CONF_REF: "main",
+                CONF_PATH: "packages",
+                CONF_FILES: ["base.yml"],
+                CONF_REFRESH: "1d",
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    packages_pass(config)
+
+    assert package_dir in bundle._get_data().secret_scan_dirs
+    assert repo_root not in bundle._get_data().secret_scan_dirs
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/preferences/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/bk72xx.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/bk72xx.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ea4154bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/bk72xx.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+bk72xx:
+  board: generic-bk7252
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp32.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp32.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..586979d7b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp32.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8a1035159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+esp8266:
+  board: esp01_1m
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/host.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..047f8693a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+host:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/nrf52.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/nrf52.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00892addb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/nrf52.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+nrf52:
+  board: adafruit_itsybitsy_nrf52840
+  bootloader: adafruit_nrf52_sd140_v6
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/rp2.yaml b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/rp2.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d57b96a54e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/config/rp2.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esphome:
+  name: preftest
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/preferences/test_key_lookup_gate.py b/tests/component_tests/preferences/test_key_lookup_gate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7726113aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/preferences/test_key_lookup_gate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Every preferences platform either emits USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP from
+codegen (key-lookup backends) or must not (slot-based backends, whose managers
+have no load_from_key()). Run each platform's real codegen and assert the
+emission, mirroring the split the deny-list in esphome/core/defines.h assumes
+for static analysis.
+
+The fixtures cover every distinct preferences backend today: ln882x and
+rtl87xx route through libretiny (bk72xx stands in for the family), rp2040 is
+an alias of rp2, and nrf52 exercises zephyr. A seventh backend needs a new
+fixture here."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "emits"),
+    [
+        ("esp32.yaml", True),
+        ("bk72xx.yaml", True),  # libretiny
+        ("host.yaml", True),
+        ("nrf52.yaml", True),  # zephyr
+        ("esp8266.yaml", False),
+        ("rp2.yaml", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_key_lookup_define_matches_the_platform_backend(
+    fixture: str,
+    emits: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_PREFERENCE_KEY_LOOKUP" in defines) is emits
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py b/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3a3771bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/provisioning/test_provisioning.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""Tests for the provisioning component config validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.provisioning import (
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA,
+    register_source,
+    report_hardcoded_credentials,
+)
+from esphome.const import CONF_TIMEOUT, PlatformFramework
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def test_provisioning_requires_a_source(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Provisioning with no registered source is a config error.
+
+    Sources register themselves during their own config validation; with none
+    registered the window could never resolve, so validation fails.
+    """
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="provisioning-capable component"):
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
+
+
+def test_provisioning_accepts_a_registered_source(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A component that registered as a provisioning source satisfies validation."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    register_source("network")
+    # Should not raise.
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
+
+
+def test_provisioning_warns_on_hardcoded_credentials(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A source with credentials set in the config triggers a warning."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    register_source("network")
+    report_hardcoded_credentials("wifi")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
+    assert "wifi" in caplog.text
+    assert "credentials" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_provisioning_no_warning_without_hardcoded_credentials(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """No credentials warning when no source reports hardcoded credentials."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    register_source("network")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA({})
+    assert "credentials" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_provisioning_rejects_zero_timeout(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A zero timeout would leave the window open forever, so it is rejected."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_TIMEOUT: "0s"})
+
+
+def test_provisioning_accepts_positive_timeout(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A positive timeout is accepted."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_TIMEOUT: "5min"})
+    assert config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds == 300000
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py b/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee2769e177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""non_blocking is family-gated at config validation; the CI build boards never compile
+the ISR paths, so this gate is the only CI-reachable coverage for the platform matrix."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
+    FAMILY_BK7231T,
+    FAMILY_BK7238,
+    FAMILY_RTL8710B,
+    FAMILY_RTL8720C,
+    KEY_FAMILY,
+    KEY_LIBRETINY,
+)
+from esphome.components.remote_transmitter import _validate_non_blocking_platform
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform_framework", "family", "accepted"),
+    [
+        (PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, None, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_RTL8720C, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_RTL8710B, False),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231N, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7238, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231T, False),
+        (PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO, None, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_non_blocking_platform_gate(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+    family: str | None,
+    accepted: bool,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(platform_framework)
+    if family is not None:
+        CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {KEY_FAMILY: family}
+    if accepted:
+        assert _validate_non_blocking_platform(True) is True
+    else:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="non_blocking is only supported on"):
+            _validate_non_blocking_platform(True)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_default.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_default.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93c769283f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_default.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: poolwrap-rp2-default
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e9c94df59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: poolwrap-rp2-single
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  connection_slots: 1
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c631562743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/config/rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: poolwrap-rp2-two
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  connection_slots: 2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_connection_slots.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_connection_slots.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f33180e2d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_connection_slots.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Connection-slot accounting: consumers claim against MAX_CONNECTIONS and
+final validation rejects over-subscription with the consumer list."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+def test_proxy_claims_its_slots_through_the_shared_accounting(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    # A default (3-slot) proxy build records one claim per slot, attributed
+    # to the consumer, and passes final validation.
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_default.yaml"))
+    used = CORE.data[rp2040_ble.KEY_RP2040_BLE][rp2040_ble.KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
+    assert used == ["bluetooth_proxy"] * 3
+
+
+def test_oversubscription_is_rejected_with_the_consumer_list() -> None:
+    # No YAML shape reaches this today (the proxy schema caps at the same
+    # limit); the guard exists for a second consumer such as ble_client.
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(3, "bluetooth_proxy")({})
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(1, "ble_client")({})
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid,
+        match=r"4 connection slots.*maximum is 3.*bluetooth_proxy.*ble_client",
+    ):
+        rp2040_ble.validate_connection_slots()
+
+
+def test_at_cap_passes() -> None:
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(3, "bluetooth_proxy")({})
+    rp2040_ble.validate_connection_slots()
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_pool_wrap.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_pool_wrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..291ca5eb58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2040_ble/test_pool_wrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""The rp2 BTstack pool overrides: multi-slot builds emit the --wrap flags
+that swap the prebuilt single-client pools for the codegen-sized ones;
+single-slot builds emit none and stay byte-identical to previous releases."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+from ..helpers import get_define_value
+
+# Spelled out rather than derived from rp2040_ble's symbol tuple, so a typo
+# in the component's list fails here instead of mirroring into the test.
+WRAP_FLAGS = (
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_gatt_client_get",
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_gatt_client_free",
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_hci_connection_get",
+    "-Wl,--wrap=btstack_memory_hci_connection_free",
+)
+
+
+def test_default_slots_emit_the_pool_wrap(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_default.yaml"))
+    assert all(flag in CORE.build_flags for flag in WRAP_FLAGS)
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "3"
+    assert get_define_value("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS") == "3"
+
+
+def test_two_slots_emit_the_pool_wrap(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    # Two slots: the wrap pools are smaller than the cap, sized from the count.
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_two_slots.yaml"))
+    assert all(flag in CORE.build_flags for flag in WRAP_FLAGS)
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "2"
+    assert get_define_value("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS") == "2"
+
+
+def test_single_slot_keeps_the_prebuilt_pools(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path("rp2_proxy_single_slot.yaml"))
+    assert not any(flag in CORE.build_flags for flag in WRAP_FLAGS)
+    assert get_define_value("ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_COUNT") == "1"
+    assert get_define_value("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS") == "1"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf0d4f1567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/config/test_automations.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+esphome:
+  name: rp2-trigger-codegen
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      # Bare form: restores the configured scan_parameters mode — no
+      # set_continuous emitted (asserted in the codegen test).
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+
+rp2:
+  board: rpipicow
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    continuous: false
+    active: false
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - 11:22:33:44:55:66
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; ESP_LOGD("t", "%s", x.address_str_to(addr));'
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "%zu", x.size());'
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("t", "end");'
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdcf2bcf75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/rp2_ble_tracker/test_automations_codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""Codegen tests for the tracker automations.
+
+The shared trigger classes (ble_device_base/automation.h) are compiled by the
+rp2040 compile fixtures, but the codegen accounting — the getattr-built setter
+spellings, the single set_continuous pin and the listener-count define — is
+only checkable from the generated main, mirroring the bk72xx/ln882h tests."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import get_define_value
+
+
+def test_trigger_codegen(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("test_automations.yaml"))
+
+    # on_ble_advertise: multi-mac filter (two addresses in one initializer list)
+    assert "set_addresses({0xAC3743775F4CULL, 0x112233445566ULL})" in main_cpp
+    # 128-bit service uuid goes out reversed (BLE wire order); single-mac filter
+    assert (
+        "set_service_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "set_address(0xAC3743775F4CULL)" in main_cpp
+    # 32-bit middle branch of the width dispatch
+    assert "set_service_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    # All three manufacturer widths: getattr() builds these names as strings,
+    # so a misspelling only ever fails here.
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid16(0xABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert "set_manufacturer_uuid32(0xABCDABCDULL)" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "set_manufacturer_uuid128((uint8_t*)(const uint8_t[16]){0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,"
+        "0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB,0xCD,0xAB})" in main_cpp
+    )
+    # scan-control actions: templatable continuous lambda + parented actions.
+    # Exactly one set_continuous: the bare start_scan emits none, pinning the
+    # restore-configured-mode divergence from esp32 against a future default=.
+    assert main_cpp.count("->set_continuous(") == 1
+    assert "startscanaction_id->set_continuous(" in main_cpp
+    assert "stopscanaction_id->set_parent(" in main_cpp
+    # scan_parameters continuous: false reaches the YAML-mode setter, not the
+    # runtime override.
+    assert "->set_configured_continuous(false)" in main_cpp
+    # active: false (non-default) flows through to the setter.
+    assert "->set_scan_active(false)" in main_cpp
+    # Constructor call, not just the declaration: the parent argument is what
+    # registers the trigger as a listener.
+    assert re.search(
+        r"new\(\w+\) ble_device_base::BLEEndOfScanTrigger\(\w+\)", main_cpp
+    )
+
+    # Seven triggers register as listeners; an undercount silently drops the
+    # last trigger at runtime (StaticVector::push_back past capacity), so the
+    # define is the assertion that matters most.
+    assert get_define_value(ble_device_base.LISTENER_COUNT_DEFINE) == "7"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode.py b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..617a3b4855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""Tests for the safe_mode component."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+SHUTDOWN_DEFINE = "USE_SAFE_MODE_BOOT_IS_GOOD_ON_SHUTDOWN"
+
+
+def _has_define(name: str) -> bool:
+    return any(define.name == name for define in CORE.defines)
+
+
+def test_boot_is_good_on_shutdown_default(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """By default, an orderly shutdown confirms the app image."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_default.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert "safe_mode::SafeModeComponent" in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define(SHUTDOWN_DEFINE)
+
+
+def test_boot_is_good_on_shutdown_disabled(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """With boot_is_good_on_shutdown: false, the define is not added."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_no_shutdown_confirm.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert "safe_mode::SafeModeComponent" in main_cpp
+    assert not _has_define(SHUTDOWN_DEFINE)
+
+
+def test_safe_mode_disabled(generate_main: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
+    """With safe_mode disabled, no component and no define are generated."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_disabled.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert "safe_mode::SafeModeComponent" not in main_cpp
+    assert not _has_define(SHUTDOWN_DEFINE)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_default.yaml b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_default.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07c38250aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_default.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+safe_mode:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_disabled.yaml b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_disabled.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac9b224191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_disabled.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+safe_mode:
+  disabled: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_no_shutdown_confirm.yaml b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_no_shutdown_confirm.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64df87b381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/safe_mode/test_safe_mode_no_shutdown_confirm.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+safe_mode:
+  boot_is_good_on_shutdown: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sendspin/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/sendspin/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_image.py b/tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be3b7d6684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""Validation tests for the sendspin image platform.
+
+These cover the rejection branches, which a compile test cannot reach: a
+`test*.yaml` can only assert that a configuration is accepted.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.sendspin import IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG, MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS, _get_data
+from esphome.components.sendspin.image import CONFIG_SCHEMA, MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _slot_config(**overrides: Any) -> ConfigType:
+    """Build a minimal valid artwork slot config, allowing field overrides."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        "id": "album_slot",
+        "format": "JPEG",
+        "type": "RGB565",
+        "resize": "240x240",
+        "current_image": {"id": "album_art"},
+    }
+    config.update(overrides)
+    return config
+
+
+def test_minimal_config_is_accepted(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """The baseline the rejection tests vary is itself valid."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config())
+
+    assert config["slot"] == 0
+    assert config["source"] == "ALBUM"
+    assert config["display_offset"].total_milliseconds == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("image_format", ["JPEG", "JPG"])
+def test_jpeg_alias_maps_to_one_enum(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, image_format: str
+) -> None:
+    """runtime_image takes JPG as an alias for JPEG, so both spellings must reach the
+    library's single JPEG enum."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(format=image_format))
+
+    assert _get_data().artwork_preferences[0]["format"] == IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG
+
+
+def test_too_many_slots_rejected(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    """Slot numbers run out after MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS entries."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    for slot in range(MAX_ARTWORK_SLOTS):
+        assert CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(id=f"slot_{slot}"))["slot"] == slot
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Too many Sendspin image slots"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(id="one_too_many"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "resize",
+    [f"{MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION + 1}x240", f"240x{MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION + 1}"],
+)
+def test_oversized_resize_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, resize: str
+) -> None:
+    """Either dimension past the decoder's limit is refused."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"must be {MAX_IMAGE_DIMENSION} or less"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(resize=resize))
+
+
+def test_sub_millisecond_display_offset_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The library field is whole milliseconds, so finer values are refused
+    rather than silently rounded down to zero."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Maximum precision is milliseconds"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(display_offset="500us"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("display_offset", ["61s", "-61s"])
+def test_out_of_range_display_offset_rejected(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, display_offset: str
+) -> None:
+    """Offsets more than a minute either side of the boundary are refused."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="value must be at (most|least)"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(display_offset=display_offset))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("display_offset", "expected_ms"), [("250ms", 250), ("-2s", -2000)]
+)
+def test_display_offset_accepted(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable, display_offset: str, expected_ms: int
+) -> None:
+    """Whole-millisecond offsets pass through in both directions."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(_slot_config(display_offset=display_offset))
+
+    assert config["display_offset"].total_milliseconds == expected_ms
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/spi/test_psram_dma.py b/tests/component_tests/spi/test_psram_dma.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f721e0761b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/spi/test_psram_dma.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+"""Tests for SPI PSRAM DMA configuration validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+)
+from esphome.components.spi import (
+    CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX,
+    CONF_PSRAM_DMA,
+    _final_validate,
+    spi_device_schema,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SPI_ID, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _schema() -> cv.Schema:
+    return spi_device_schema(
+        cs_pin_required=False,
+        default_data_rate="1MHz",
+        default_mode="MODE0",
+    )
+
+
+def _stage(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    platform_framework: PlatformFramework,
+    variant: str,
+    version: cv.Version,
+) -> None:
+    set_core_config(
+        platform_framework,
+        core_data={KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: version},
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "test-board", KEY_VARIANT: variant},
+    )
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.add("psram")
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_supported_idf_target(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+
+    config = _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+    assert config[CONF_PSRAM_DMA] is True
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_esp32s31(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+        cv.Version(6, 0, 0),
+    )
+
+    config = _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+    assert config[CONF_PSRAM_DMA] is True
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_arduino(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="only available with framework"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_target_without_capability(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="PSRAM DMA is only available"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_false_is_portable(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        VARIANT_ESP32,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
+    )
+
+    config = _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: False})
+
+    assert config[CONF_PSRAM_DMA] is False
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_older_idf(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires at least framework version 5.5.3"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_requires_psram_component(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    _stage(
+        set_core_config,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+        cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    )
+    CORE.loaded_integrations.remove("psram")
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires component psram"):
+        _schema()({CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True})
+
+
+def _full_spi_config(*, hardware: bool, with_device: bool = True) -> tuple[Config, ID]:
+    bus_id = ID("spi_bus", is_declaration=True, type="SPIComponent")
+    bus = {CONF_ID: bus_id}
+    if hardware:
+        bus[CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX] = 0
+    full = Config()
+    full["spi"] = [bus]
+    if with_device:
+        full["spi_device_test"] = {
+            CONF_SPI_ID: ID("spi_bus"),
+            CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True,
+        }
+    full.declare_ids.append((bus_id, ["spi", 0, CONF_ID]))
+    return full, ID("spi_bus", is_declaration=False, type="SPIComponent")
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_hardware_spi(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    full_config, _ = _full_spi_config(hardware=True)
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_rejects_software_spi(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    full_config, _ = _full_spi_config(hardware=False)
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="psram_dma requires a hardware SPI") as error:
+        _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
+
+    assert error.value.path[-2:] == ["spi_device_test", CONF_PSRAM_DMA]
+
+
+def test_spi_bus_rejects_psram_dma_device_without_component_final_validation(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    full_config, bus_id = _full_spi_config(hardware=False, with_device=False)
+    full_config["device_without_final_validation"] = {
+        CONF_SPI_ID: bus_id,
+        CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True,
+    }
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="psram_dma requires a hardware SPI") as error:
+        _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
+
+    assert error.value.path[-2:] == [
+        "device_without_final_validation",
+        CONF_PSRAM_DMA,
+    ]
+
+
+def test_psram_dma_accepts_hardware_device_with_mixed_buses(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    software_bus_id = ID("software_bus", is_declaration=True, type="SPIComponent")
+    hardware_bus_id = ID("hardware_bus", is_declaration=True, type="SPIComponent")
+    full_config = Config()
+    full_config["spi"] = [
+        {CONF_ID: software_bus_id},
+        {CONF_ID: hardware_bus_id, CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX: 0},
+    ]
+    full_config["spi_device_test"] = {
+        CONF_SPI_ID: ID("hardware_bus"),
+        CONF_PSRAM_DMA: True,
+    }
+    full_config.declare_ids.extend(
+        (
+            (software_bus_id, ["spi", 0, CONF_ID]),
+            (hardware_bus_id, ["spi", 1, CONF_ID]),
+        )
+    )
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, full_config=full_config)
+
+    _final_validate(full_config["spi"])
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/config/no_triggers.yaml b/tests/component_tests/time/config/no_triggers.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2df919df7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/config/no_triggers.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time.yaml b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..919a94f52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+logger:
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+    on_time:
+      - seconds: 0
+        then:
+          - logger.log: tick
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time_sync.yaml b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time_sync.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5ddedce14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/config/on_time_sync.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+logger:
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+    on_time_sync:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: synced
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/time/test_triggers.py b/tests/component_tests/time/test_triggers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34fd5a3157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/time/test_triggers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""automation.cpp (CronTrigger and SyncTrigger) is only compiled when an
+on_time or on_time_sync automation exists, so the define must follow them."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "emits"),
+    [
+        ("no_triggers.yaml", False),
+        ("on_time.yaml", True),
+        ("on_time_sync.yaml", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_triggers_define_follows_automations(
+    fixture: str,
+    emits: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_TIME_TRIGGERS" in defines) is emits
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/uptime/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/seconds.yaml b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/seconds.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d81a28011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/seconds.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: uptime
+    name: Uptime Seconds
+    type: seconds
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/timestamp.yaml b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/timestamp.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2eea374bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/uptime/config/timestamp.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: "test_ssid"
+  password: "test_password"
+
+time:
+  - platform: sntp
+    id: sntp_time
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: uptime
+    name: Uptime Timestamp
+    type: timestamp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/uptime/test_uptime.py b/tests/component_tests/uptime/test_uptime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d77f510659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/uptime/test_uptime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""The timestamp uptime sensor source is only compiled when that type is used,
+so the define must follow the configured sensor type rather than time: alone."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("fixture", "emits"),
+    [
+        ("seconds.yaml", False),
+        ("timestamp.yaml", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_timestamp_define_follows_sensor_type(
+    fixture: str,
+    emits: bool,
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    generate_main(component_config_path(fixture))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+    assert ("USE_UPTIME_TIMESTAMP" in defines) is emits
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_private_network_access.py b/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_private_network_access.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87911c5f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_private_network_access.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Tests for web_server Private Network Access / allowed_origins validation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.web_server import (
+    CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS,
+    validate_origin,
+    validate_private_network_access,
+)
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def test_pna_enabled_without_origins_fails() -> None:
+    """Enabling PNA without allowed_origins must fail validation."""
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS: True}
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        validate_private_network_access(config)
+
+    error_msg = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS in error_msg
+    assert "must be set" in error_msg
+
+
+def test_pna_enabled_with_origins_passes() -> None:
+    """Enabling PNA with at least one allowed origin passes validation."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS: True,
+        CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS: ["https://app.esphome.io"],
+    }
+    assert validate_private_network_access(config) == config
+
+
+def test_origins_without_pna_passes() -> None:
+    """allowed_origins can be set without enabling PNA (they are independent)."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS: False,
+        CONF_ALLOWED_ORIGINS: ["https://app.esphome.io"],
+    }
+    assert validate_private_network_access(config) == config
+
+
+def test_pna_disabled_without_origins_passes() -> None:
+    """PNA disabled and no origins specified passes validation."""
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS: False}
+    assert validate_private_network_access(config) == config
+
+
+def test_validate_origin_wildcard() -> None:
+    """The '*' wildcard is accepted as-is."""
+    assert validate_origin("*") == "*"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        "https://example.com",
+        "http://example.com:8080",
+        "https://192.168.1.5",
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_origin_valid(value: str) -> None:
+    """Well-formed origins pass through unchanged."""
+    assert validate_origin(value) == value
+
+
+def test_validate_origin_lowercased() -> None:
+    """Scheme and host are normalized to lowercase to match the browser Origin header."""
+    assert validate_origin("HTTPS://App.Example.com") == "https://app.example.com"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        "https://example.com/",  # trailing slash
+        "https://example.com/path",  # path segment
+        "example.com",  # missing scheme
+        "",  # empty
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_origin_invalid(value: str) -> None:
+    """Malformed origins are rejected at config time instead of silently 403ing."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not a valid origin"):
+        validate_origin(value)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py b/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..183c586a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/test_web_server_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+"""Tests for web_server authentication codegen."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+_DEFAULT_CHANGE_WARNING = "default will change to 'digest' in ESPHome 2027.1.0"
+
+
+def _has_define(name: str) -> bool:
+    return any(d.name == name for d in CORE.defines)
+
+
+def test_web_server_auth_default_is_basic_with_deprecation_warning(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Auth without an explicit type builds Basic and warns about the upcoming default change."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_default.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert '->set_auth_username("admin");' in main_cpp
+    assert '->set_auth_password("password");' in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+    assert _DEFAULT_CHANGE_WARNING in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_web_server_auth_explicit_basic_no_warning(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Auth type basic on ESP32 uses plaintext credentials and does not warn."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert '->set_auth_username("admin");' in main_cpp
+    assert '->set_auth_password("password");' in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_basic_hash" not in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+    assert _DEFAULT_CHANGE_WARNING not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_web_server_auth_basic_esp8266_uses_precomputed_hash(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """Auth type basic on ESP8266 emits the precomputed base64 hash, not the credentials."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert '->set_auth_basic_hash("YWRtaW46cGFzc3dvcmQ=");' in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_username" not in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_password" not in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+
+
+def test_web_server_auth_digest_esp8266_uses_plaintext_credentials(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """Auth type digest on ESP8266 uses plaintext credentials, not the basic hash."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(
+        "tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml"
+    )
+
+    assert '->set_auth_username("admin");' in main_cpp
+    assert '->set_auth_password("password");' in main_cpp
+    assert "set_auth_basic_hash" not in main_cpp
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+
+
+def test_web_server_auth_explicit_digest(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Auth type digest builds Digest and does not warn."""
+    generate_main("tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest.yaml")
+
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+    assert _DEFAULT_CHANGE_WARNING not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_web_server_without_auth(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str], str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Without an auth block, no auth is compiled in and no warning is emitted."""
+    generate_main("tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_no_auth.yaml")
+
+    assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH")
+    assert not _has_define("USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH_DIGEST")
+    assert _DEFAULT_CHANGE_WARNING not in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70180f9fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79e0c0ccf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_basic_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: esp01_1m
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_default.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_default.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..076180ab79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_default.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f413787601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: digest
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59565f8733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_auth_digest_esp8266.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: esp01_1m
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: digest
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_no_auth.yaml b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_no_auth.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c7823b4ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/web_server/web_server_no_auth.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/wireguard/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/wireguard/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82b57e8fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/wireguard/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Tests for the wireguard component."""
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/wireguard/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/wireguard/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..556d14cd00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/wireguard/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Tests for the wireguard component schema."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.wireguard import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.yaml_util import SensitiveStr
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+# Any 42 base64 chars plus a valid terminator satisfies _WG_KEY_REGEX.
+PRIVATE_KEY = "a" * 42 + "A="
+PEER_PUBLIC_KEY = "b" * 42 + "A="
+PEER_PRESHARED_KEY = "c" * 42 + "A="
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("field", "value", "sensitive"),
+    [
+        ("private_key", PRIVATE_KEY, True),
+        ("peer_preshared_key", PEER_PRESHARED_KEY, True),
+        ("peer_public_key", PEER_PUBLIC_KEY, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_key_sensitivity(
+    field: str,
+    value: str,
+    sensitive: bool,
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """The private and preshared keys are secrets and must be tagged so dump
+    tooling redacts them deterministically; the peer's public key is not a
+    secret and must stay readable in redacted dumps (see issue #17718)."""
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF)
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "address": "10.0.0.2",
+            "private_key": PRIVATE_KEY,
+            "peer_endpoint": "wg.example.com",
+            "peer_public_key": PEER_PUBLIC_KEY,
+            "peer_preshared_key": PEER_PRESHARED_KEY,
+        }
+    )
+    assert isinstance(config[field], SensitiveStr) == sensitive
+    assert config[field] == value
diff --git a/tests/components/README.md b/tests/components/README.md
index 145a3440d2..be5e887767 100644
--- a/tests/components/README.md
+++ b/tests/components/README.md
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ create an `__init__.py` in your component's test directory and define `override_
 ```python
 from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
+
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     # Re-enable the component's own to_code (needed when the component must
     # emit C++ setup code that the test binary depends on at link time).
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ Or supply a lightweight stub instead of the real `to_code`:
 ```python
 from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
+
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     async def to_code_testing(config):
         # Only emit what the C++ tests actually need
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ e.g. `tests/components/my_sensor/sensor/__init__.py`):
 ```python
 from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
+
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     manifest.enable_codegen()
 ```
diff --git a/tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/components/adc/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
rename to tests/components/adc/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/adc/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/adc/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe15f2746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/adc/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Deprecated `pin: TEMPERATURE`, superseded by the `internal_temperature` platform.
+# Remove before 2027.2.0
+sensor:
+  - id: adc_temperature_sensor
+    platform: adc
+    pin: TEMPERATURE
+    name: ADC Test temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
index a071f9df91..d21c4b61b9 100644
--- a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-ard-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
 
diff --git a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
index a071f9df91..d21c4b61b9 100644
--- a/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/addressable_light/common-idf-esp32_rmt_led_strip.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
 
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..292192f052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+airthings_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..347f6640ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+airthings_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5883578909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ble: !include ../../test_build_components/common/ble/esp32-idf.yaml
+  airthings_ble: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa0ec6f7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  airthings_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/airthings_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/airthings_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efcde0990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/airthings_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+airthings_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/animation/common.yaml b/tests/components/animation/common.yaml
index 8bb2a2f4d8..6790e8439b 100644
--- a/tests/components/animation/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/animation/common.yaml
@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
-animation:
-  - id: rgb565_animation
+image:
+  - platform: animation
+    id: rgb565_animation
     file: $component_dir/anim.gif
     type: RGB565
     transparency: opaque
     resize: 50x50
-  - id: rgb_animation
+  - platform: animation
+    id: rgb_animation
     file: $component_dir/anim.apng
     type: RGB
     transparency: chroma_key
     resize: 50x50
-  - id: grayscale_animation
+  - platform: animation
+    id: grayscale_animation
     file: $component_dir/anim.apng
     type: grayscale
 
 display:
   lambda: |-
       id(rgb565_animation).next_frame();
-      id(rgb_animation1).next_frame();
-      id(grayscale_animation2).next_frame();
+      id(rgb_animation).next_frame();
+      id(grayscale_animation).next_frame();
       it.image(0, 0, rgb565_animation);
-      it.image(120, 0, rgb_animation1);
-      it.image(240, 0, grayscale_animation2);
+      it.image(120, 0, rgb_animation);
+      it.image(240, 0, grayscale_animation);
diff --git a/tests/components/animation/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml b/tests/components/animation/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..034497c548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/animation/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# `platform: animation` entry exercising the shared `defaults:`/`files:` expansion.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: animation_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  - platform: animation
+    defaults:
+      type: rgb565
+      transparency: opaque
+      resize: 50x50
+    files:
+      - id: platform_defaults_animation
+        file: $component_dir/anim.gif
+      - id: platform_defaults_animation_rgb
+        file: $component_dir/anim.apng
+        type: rgb
diff --git a/tests/components/animation/validate.host.yaml b/tests/components/animation/validate.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d754f34688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/animation/validate.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Legacy top-level `animation:` form (deprecated; migrates to
+# `platform: animation`). Config-only test exercising the deprecation path.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: animation_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+animation:
+  - id: legacy_animation
+    file: $component_dir/anim.gif
+    type: RGB565
+    transparency: opaque
+    resize: 50x50
diff --git a/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml b/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml
index 060254990d..c9eb200471 100644
--- a/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/api/common-base.yaml
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ esphome:
           event: esphome.button_pressed
           data:
             message: Button was pressed
+      - homeassistant.event:
+          event: esphome.button_pressed_with_variables
+          data_template:
+            message: Button {{ button_name }} ({{ button_index }}) was pressed from {{ button_source }}
+          variables:
+            button_name: !lambda 'return std::string("test_button");'
+            button_index: !lambda 'return 1;'
+            button_source: static_value
       - homeassistant.action:
           action: notify.html5
           data:
@@ -109,6 +117,34 @@ api:
               - name.c_str()
               - int_arr.size()
               - string_arr.size()
+    # Test string + array args used by homeassistant.action's deferred
+    # on_success/on_error response callback.  homeassistant.action registers
+    # synchronous=False, so the api codegen must fall back to owning
+    # std::string / std::vector args here: the non-owning defaults would
+    # dangle once rx_buf_ is reused before the response arrives, and the
+    # non-copyable FixedVector would fail to compile when captured into
+    # the response callback.
+    - action: action_response_args
+      variables:
+        name: string
+        int_arr: int[]
+      then:
+        - homeassistant.action:
+            action: notify.notify
+            data:
+              message: !lambda 'return name;'
+            on_success:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "Notified %s (%u ints)"
+                  args:
+                    - name.c_str()
+                    - int_arr.size()
+            on_error:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "Notify failed (%s): %s"
+                  args:
+                    - error.c_str()
+                    - name.c_str()
     # Test ContinuationAction (IfAction with then/else branches)
     - action: test_if_action
       variables:
diff --git a/tests/components/api/test-dynamic-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/api/test-dynamic-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml
index 504871716b..7563e3e9df 100644
--- a/tests/components/api/test-dynamic-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/api/test-dynamic-encryption.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-<<: !include common-base.yaml
+packages:
+  common: !include common-base.yaml
 
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
   password: password1
+
+# Encryption enabled without a key: compiles both frame helpers so the key
+# can be provisioned at runtime (zero-PSK noise or deprecated plaintext)
+api:
+  encryption:
diff --git a/tests/components/api/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/api/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
index 18bf23d710..347480bab6 100644
--- a/tests/components/api/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/api/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
 network:
   enable_ipv6: true
 
 openthread:
   tlv: 0E080000000000010000
-
-api:
diff --git a/tests/components/aqi/benchmark.yaml b/tests/components/aqi/benchmark.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0d54c50b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/aqi/benchmark.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Declares the component graph the C++ unit test build needs so that the aqi
+# component's sources (which include sensor.h) compile. to_code is suppressed by
+# the test harness; this only pulls the sensor + aqi source/include paths in.
+# Loaded with plain yaml.safe_load, so avoid lambdas / ESPHome-tagged values here.
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: pm25_sensor
+    name: "PM2.5"
+  - platform: template
+    id: pm10_sensor
+    name: "PM10"
+  - platform: aqi
+    name: "AQI"
+    pm_2_5: pm25_sensor
+    pm_10_0: pm10_sensor
+    calculation_type: AQI
diff --git a/tests/components/aqi/common.yaml b/tests/components/aqi/common.yaml
index 4c8cbbfa3f..cddc1f77cd 100644
--- a/tests/components/aqi/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/aqi/common.yaml
@@ -20,3 +20,10 @@ sensor:
     pm_2_5: pm25_sensor
     pm_10_0: pm10_sensor
     calculation_type: CAQI
+
+  - platform: aqi
+    name: "Air Quality Index (AQI, extended)"
+    pm_2_5: pm25_sensor
+    pm_10_0: pm10_sensor
+    calculation_type: AQI
+    extended_range: true
diff --git a/tests/components/aqi/test_aqi_calculator.cpp b/tests/components/aqi/test_aqi_calculator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab95d3ac92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/aqi/test_aqi_calculator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h"
+#include "esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h"
+
+namespace esphome::aqi::testing {
+
+// US AQI (EPA 2024): PM2.5 225.5-500.4 -> 301-500, PM10 425-604 -> 301-500.
+
+TEST(USAQI, LowRangeUnaffectedByExtendedFlag) {
+  AQICalculator calc;
+  // PM2.5 25 drives over PM10 50; well below the top band, so the flag changes nothing.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(25.0f, 50.0f, false), 81);
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(25.0f, 50.0f, true), 81);
+}
+
+TEST(USAQI, HazardousInterpolatesNotPinnedAt301) {
+  AQICalculator calc;
+  // Regression guard: the old FLT_MAX top bucket collapsed every hazardous reading to 301.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(225.5f, 0.0f, false), 301);  // band start
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(250.0f, 0.0f, false), 319);  // interpolated, not 301
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(500.4f, 0.0f, false), 500);  // band top
+}
+
+TEST(USAQI, DefaultClampsAtStandardMaximum) {
+  AQICalculator calc;
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(600.0f, 0.0f, false), 500);
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(1000.0f, 0.0f, false), 500);
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(0.0f, 604.0f, false), 500);  // PM10 top breakpoint
+}
+
+TEST(USAQI, ExtendedRangeExtrapolatesBeyond500) {
+  AQICalculator calc;
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(600.0f, 0.0f, true), 572);
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(1000.0f, 0.0f, true), 862);
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(0.0f, 700.0f, true), 607);  // PM10 extrapolated past 500
+}
+
+TEST(USAQI, ExtendedRangeSaturatesUint16NoWraparound) {
+  AQICalculator calc;
+  // An absurd concentration would overflow uint16_t; it must saturate, not wrap to a small value.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(100000.0f, 0.0f, true), 65535);
+}
+
+TEST(USAQI, WorseOfTwoPollutantsWins) {
+  AQICalculator calc;
+  // PM10 604 -> 500 dominates PM2.5 25 -> 81.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(25.0f, 604.0f, false), 500);
+}
+
+// CAQI (CITEAIR): no maximum by spec -- the top ">100" class is open, so it is always unbounded
+// and the extended_range flag does not apply.
+
+TEST(CAQI, LowRange) {
+  CAQICalculator calc;
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(25.0f, 50.0f, false), 50);
+}
+
+TEST(CAQI, ContinuousAt100NoPinAt101) {
+  CAQICalculator calc;
+  // Old code pinned everything above the top breakpoint to 101; now it reaches exactly 100.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(110.1f, 0.0f, false), 100);
+}
+
+TEST(CAQI, UnboundedAboveTopBand) {
+  CAQICalculator calc;
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(200.0f, 0.0f, false), 139);
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(2000.0f, 0.0f, false), 925);
+}
+
+TEST(CAQI, ExtendedRangeFlagIsIgnored) {
+  CAQICalculator calc;
+  // CAQI is always unbounded, so the flag must make no difference either way.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(200.0f, 0.0f, true), calc.get_aqi(200.0f, 0.0f, false));
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(2000.0f, 0.0f, true), calc.get_aqi(2000.0f, 0.0f, false));
+}
+
+TEST(CAQI, SaturatesUint16NoWraparound) {
+  CAQICalculator calc;
+  // CAQI is unbounded, so an extreme reading can extrapolate past uint16_t; it must saturate,
+  // not wrap around to a small (falsely "good") value.
+  EXPECT_EQ(calc.get_aqi(200000.0f, 0.0f, false), 65535);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::aqi::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78787099dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: ATC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: ATC Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml
index 0248090c23..c6da2fa173 100644
--- a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     temperature:
       name: ATC Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..144ba0e3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  atc_mithermometer: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44bc401caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# The esp32_ble_id -> ble_hub_id alias (removal 2027.2.0) still validates.
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    esp32_ble_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: ATC Legacy Key Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7528dbf8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/atc_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: BK ATC Temperature
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: atc_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:79
+    temperature:
+      name: BK ATC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml b/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml
index b7457165a5..7bee370c90 100644
--- a/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/audio_http/common.yaml
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ media_source:
   - platform: audio_http
     id: audio_http_source
     buffer_size: 100000
+    persistent_ring_buffer: true
     task_stack_in_psram: true
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..797b94c76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: b_parasite
+    mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:01
+    humidity:
+      name: b-parasite Air Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: b-parasite Air Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml
index 262e891bb2..e603d058b7 100644
--- a/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: b_parasite
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:01
     humidity:
       name: b-parasite Air Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f711f63aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  b_parasite: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/b_parasite/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/b_parasite/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fab4895d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/b_parasite/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: b_parasite
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:01
+    humidity:
+      name: b-parasite Air Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: b-parasite Air Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: b-parasite Soil Moisture
+    battery_voltage:
+      name: b-parasite Battery Voltage
+    illuminance:
+      name: b-parasite Illuminance
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: b_parasite
+    mac_address: F0:CA:F0:CA:01:02
+    temperature:
+      name: BK b-parasite Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
index 15409caeaf..2bb831848c 100644
--- a/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 light:
   - platform: beken_spi_led_strip
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     pin: P16
     num_leds: 30
     chipset: ws2812
diff --git a/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/validate-legacy.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/validate-legacy.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ca78398c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/beken_spi_led_strip/validate-legacy.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# The deprecated rgb_order / is_rgbw / is_wrgb keys, kept working until 2027.3.0.
+# Config-only, and only one strip because P16 is the sole supported pin.
+light:
+  - platform: beken_spi_led_strip
+    name: Legacy RGBW
+    pin: P16
+    num_leds: 30
+    chipset: sk6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_rgbw: true # -> GRBW
diff --git a/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml b/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml
index 4f4cf6ea59..d0a16cc99c 100644
--- a/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml
@@ -136,3 +136,19 @@ binary_sensor:
         invalid_cooldown: 2s
         then:
           - logger.log: "Click with custom cooldown"
+
+  # Test on_click and on_double_click (compiles match_interval via
+  # USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER)
+  - platform: template
+    id: click_triggers
+    name: "Click Triggers"
+    on_click:
+      min_length: 50ms
+      max_length: 350ms
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Clicked"
+    on_double_click:
+      min_length: 50ms
+      max_length: 350ms
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Double clicked"
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ada71a141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bk72xx_ble:
+  enable_on_boot: true
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5009aa940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  bk72xx_ble: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24844e18a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker
+  scan_parameters:
+    # Boundary coverage: the documented 2.5 ms floor on window (expressible only
+    # via the microsecond-accurate validation), a non-round interval exercising the
+    # 0.625 ms unit conversion without collapsing onto the window's unit count,
+    # and the non-continuous config path.
+    interval: 5000us
+    window: 2500us
+    duration: 5min
+    continuous: false
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/common.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8787a9347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker
+  scan_parameters:
+    interval: 100ms
+    window: 30ms
+    duration: 5min
+    continuous: true
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-automations.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-automations.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e110369b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-automations.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+packages:
+  bk72xx_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.start_scan
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+      - bk72xx_ble_tracker.stop_scan: ble_tracker
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4D
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCD
+      # mac_address exercises the UUID triggers' set_address() codegen branch.
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of service data is %zu", x.size());
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "32-bit service data is %zu", x.size());
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "128-bit service data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "128-bit manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Scan ended");
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..932eb4fb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  bk72xx_ble_tracker: !include common-boundary.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-passive.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-passive.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad25fd6b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate-passive.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Passive scanning variant: the package merge keeps the shared parameters from
+# common.yaml and overrides only the mode.
+packages:
+  bk72xx_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  scan_parameters:
+    active: false
diff --git a/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc89479d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  bk72xx_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py b/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dbd0becd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # resolve_irk() is compiled only when a sensor configures irk:
+    # (request_irk_support() emits USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK). The unit-test build has
+    # no sensors, so emit the define here to put the real IRK path under test.
+    # Likewise the scan-response merger (emitted by the split-report trackers)
+    # and the listener vector it dispatches into (codegen-sized by consumers).
+    async def to_code_testing(config):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER")
+        cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BLE_DEVICE_BASE_LISTENER_COUNT", 4)
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_address.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_address.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ff318b66b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_address.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// from_scan_result() ingests BLE controller order (LSB-first); the public
+// accessors must expose the historical esp32 semantics: address() in printable
+// (MSB-first) order, address_uint64() with byte 0 in the LSB, address_str_to()
+// printed MSB-first.
+namespace {
+// Device AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF — controller order delivers FF first.
+const uint8_t MAC_LSB_FIRST[6] = {0xff, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xaa};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(BleDeviceAddress, AccessorsMatchEsp32Semantics) {
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(MAC_LSB_FIRST, -50, BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC, nullptr, 0);
+
+  const uint8_t *raw = device.address();
+  EXPECT_EQ(raw[0], 0xaa);  // MSB first, like ESP-IDF's bda
+  EXPECT_EQ(raw[5], 0xff);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.address_uint64(), 0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL);
+
+  char buf[ESPBTDevice::MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  EXPECT_STREQ(device.address_str_to(buf), "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF");
+
+  // The deprecated wrapper must keep returning the same string until its 2027.2.0 removal.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.address_str(), "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF");
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+}
+
+// mac_lsb_first_to_uint64() packs the controller-order bytes a raw-advertisement
+// callback delivers into the printable-order uint64 the native API speaks — the
+// value esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64() has always produced for that address.
+TEST(BleDeviceAddress, MacLsbFirstToUint64MatchesWireValue) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(MAC_LSB_FIRST), 0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL);
+}
+
+// The helper and the parsed-device accessor are two routes to the same wire
+// value: byte order must agree no matter which path an advertisement takes.
+TEST(BleDeviceAddress, MacLsbFirstToUint64AgreesWithParsedDevice) {
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(MAC_LSB_FIRST, -50, BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC, nullptr, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(MAC_LSB_FIRST), device.address_uint64());
+}
+
+// uint64_to_mac_msb_first() is the inverse: unpacking the wire value yields
+// printable (MSB-first) order, and round-tripping through the LSB-first
+// packer restores the original value.
+TEST(BleDeviceAddress, Uint64ToMacMsbFirstRoundTrip) {
+  uint8_t msb_first[6];
+  uint64_to_mac_msb_first(0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL, msb_first);
+  EXPECT_EQ(msb_first[0], 0xaa);
+  EXPECT_EQ(msb_first[5], 0xff);
+  uint8_t lsb_first[6];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    lsb_first[i] = msb_first[5 - i];
+  EXPECT_EQ(mac_lsb_first_to_uint64(lsb_first), 0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_adv_name.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_adv_name.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44fb3525ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_adv_name.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+namespace {
+
+// AD types under test
+constexpr uint8_t AD_SHORT_NAME = 0x08;
+constexpr uint8_t AD_COMPLETE_NAME = 0x09;
+
+void append_name(std::vector<uint8_t> &adv, uint8_t ad_type, const char *name) {
+  size_t len = strlen(name);
+  adv.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(len + 1));
+  adv.push_back(ad_type);
+  adv.insert(adv.end(), name, name + len);
+}
+
+ESPBTDevice device_from(const std::vector<uint8_t> &adv) {
+  const uint8_t mac[6] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(mac, -59, 0, adv.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(adv.size()));
+  return device;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(BleAdvName, ParsesACompleteName) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  append_name(adv, AD_COMPLETE_NAME, "TP96");
+  ESPBTDevice device = device_from(adv);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.get_name(), "TP96");
+  // The backing buffer is NUL-terminated so c_str() is usable directly.
+  EXPECT_STREQ(device.get_name().c_str(), "TP96");
+}
+
+TEST(BleAdvName, LongestNameWinsShortenedThenComplete) {
+  // A merged adv + scan-response frame can carry both forms; the shortened
+  // one must never replace the complete one.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  append_name(adv, AD_SHORT_NAME, "Radon");
+  append_name(adv, AD_COMPLETE_NAME, "RadonEye");
+  EXPECT_EQ(device_from(adv).get_name(), "RadonEye");
+}
+
+TEST(BleAdvName, LongestNameWinsCompleteThenShortened) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  append_name(adv, AD_COMPLETE_NAME, "RadonEye");
+  append_name(adv, AD_SHORT_NAME, "Radon");
+  EXPECT_EQ(device_from(adv).get_name(), "RadonEye");
+}
+
+TEST(BleAdvName, MaxLengthNameFitsAndTerminates) {
+  // 29 bytes is the largest name a legacy AD element can carry and exactly
+  // fills the fixed buffer.
+  std::string max_name(29, 'a');
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  append_name(adv, AD_COMPLETE_NAME, max_name.c_str());
+  ESPBTDevice device = device_from(adv);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.get_name().size(), 29u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.get_name(), max_name);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(device.get_name().c_str(), max_name.c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(BleAdvName, ReparseResetsThePreviousName) {
+  const uint8_t mac[6] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> first;
+  append_name(first, AD_COMPLETE_NAME, "RadonEye");
+  std::vector<uint8_t> second;
+  append_name(second, AD_COMPLETE_NAME, "TP96");
+
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(mac, -59, 0, first.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(first.size()));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.get_name(), "RadonEye");
+  // A shorter name from a fresh report must fully replace the longer one:
+  // the longest-name rule applies within one report, not across reports.
+  device.from_scan_result(mac, -59, 0, second.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(second.size()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.get_name(), "TP96");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(device.get_name().c_str(), "TP96");
+}
+
+TEST(BleAdvName, NoNamePresentIsEmpty) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv = {0x02, 0x0A, 0x00};  // TX power only
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device_from(adv).get_name().empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c844a30b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_aes_ccm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_aes_ccm.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// Reference vector generated with Python `cryptography` AESCCM(tag_length=4),
+// using the same AES-128-CCM parameters BTHome advertisements use: a 16-byte
+// key, a 13-byte nonce, a 4-byte authentication tag and no associated data.
+namespace {
+const uint8_t KEY[16] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+                         0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f};
+const uint8_t NONCE[13] = {0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c};
+const uint8_t CIPHERTEXT[7] = {0x68, 0xb4, 0xf6, 0xc5, 0x2b, 0xf8, 0xaf};
+const uint8_t TAG[4] = {0x48, 0x4d, 0xaa, 0x56};
+const uint8_t PLAINTEXT[7] = {0x02, 0x01, 0x64, 0x03, 0x10, 0x8a, 0x01};
+}  // namespace
+
+// Xiaomi's parameters differ from BTHome's: a 12-byte nonce and a 1-byte AAD
+// (0x11). Both the AAD block and the l = 3 length encoding are only reachable
+// through this shape, so they need their own vector. Generated the same way.
+namespace {
+const uint8_t NONCE_XIAOMI[12] = {0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b};
+const uint8_t AAD_XIAOMI[1] = {0x11};
+const uint8_t CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI[5] = {0xc3, 0x7e, 0x0a, 0x1d, 0x23};
+const uint8_t TAG_XIAOMI[4] = {0x98, 0x79, 0x87, 0xc6};
+const uint8_t PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI[5] = {0x04, 0x10, 0x02, 0xd4, 0x00};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, DecryptsXiaomiShapedVector) {
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI)] = {};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE_XIAOMI, sizeof(NONCE_XIAOMI), AAD_XIAOMI, sizeof(AAD_XIAOMI),
+                                   CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI), out, TAG_XIAOMI, sizeof(TAG_XIAOMI)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(out, PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI, sizeof(PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI)));
+}
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, RejectsWrongAssociatedData) {
+  uint8_t bad_aad[sizeof(AAD_XIAOMI)];
+  memcpy(bad_aad, AAD_XIAOMI, sizeof(AAD_XIAOMI));
+  bad_aad[0] ^= 0x01;
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT_XIAOMI)] = {};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE_XIAOMI, sizeof(NONCE_XIAOMI), bad_aad, sizeof(bad_aad),
+                                    CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT_XIAOMI), out, TAG_XIAOMI, sizeof(TAG_XIAOMI)));
+}
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, DecryptsAndAuthenticatesKnownVector) {
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT)] = {};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE, sizeof(NONCE), nullptr, 0, CIPHERTEXT, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT), out, TAG,
+                                   sizeof(TAG)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(out, PLAINTEXT, sizeof(PLAINTEXT)));
+}
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, RejectsTamperedTag) {
+  uint8_t bad_tag[sizeof(TAG)];
+  memcpy(bad_tag, TAG, sizeof(TAG));
+  bad_tag[0] ^= 0x01;
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT)] = {};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE, sizeof(NONCE), nullptr, 0, CIPHERTEXT, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT), out, bad_tag,
+                                    sizeof(bad_tag)));
+}
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, RejectsTamperedCiphertext) {
+  uint8_t bad_ct[sizeof(CIPHERTEXT)];
+  memcpy(bad_ct, CIPHERTEXT, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT));
+  bad_ct[0] ^= 0x01;
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT)] = {};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(KEY, NONCE, sizeof(NONCE), nullptr, 0, bad_ct, sizeof(bad_ct), out, TAG, sizeof(TAG)));
+}
+
+TEST(BleAesCcm, RejectsWrongKey) {
+  uint8_t bad_key[sizeof(KEY)];
+  memcpy(bad_key, KEY, sizeof(KEY));
+  bad_key[0] ^= 0xFF;
+  uint8_t out[sizeof(PLAINTEXT)] = {};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(aes_ccm_auth_decrypt(bad_key, NONCE, sizeof(NONCE), nullptr, 0, CIPHERTEXT, sizeof(CIPHERTEXT), out, TAG,
+                                    sizeof(TAG)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_ble_uuid.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_ble_uuid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e99ce8a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_ble_uuid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// A 16- or 32-bit UUID must compare equal to its 128-bit Bluetooth Base UUID form, matching
+// esp32_ble_tracker. The 128-bit raw is the base UUID (LSB-first) with the short value at
+// bytes 12.. : here 0x1234 -> bytes [12]=0x34, [13]=0x12.
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, ShortFormMatchesEquivalentLongForm) {
+  const ESPBTUUID u16 = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x1234);
+  const uint8_t raw128[16] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                              0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00};
+  const ESPBTUUID u128 = ESPBTUUID::from_raw(raw128);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(u16 == u128);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(u128 == u16);  // symmetric
+}
+
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, ThirtyTwoBitMatchesEquivalentLongForm) {
+  const ESPBTUUID u32 = ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(0x1122AAFF);
+  const uint8_t raw128[16] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                              0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xAA, 0x22, 0x11};
+  const ESPBTUUID u128 = ESPBTUUID::from_raw(raw128);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(u32 == u128);
+}
+
+// A default-constructed UUID is UNSET, the historical "not configured" sentinel
+// (len 0 through the esp32 get_uuid() adapter).
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, DefaultConstructedIsUnset) {
+  const ESPBTUUID unset;
+  EXPECT_EQ(unset.type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unset == ESPBTUUID());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(unset == ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x1234));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(unset.contains(0x00, 0x00));
+}
+
+// Every factory yields a non-UNSET UUID, even for 0x0000: only default construction and a
+// failed text parse are unset, keeping type() != UNSET equivalent to the old len > 0 check.
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, AllFactoriesProduceSetUuids) {
+  const uint8_t raw[16] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                           0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0000).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(0).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(raw).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(raw).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_raw("180F", 4).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_raw("0000180F", 8).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(raw), 16).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+  EXPECT_NE(ESPBTUUID::from_raw("6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E").type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+}
+
+// 0x0000 is a valid short UUID on real devices (esphome/aioesphomeapi#1742); an unset
+// UUID must never compare equal to it. Unset equals only unset.
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, UnsetIsNotEqualToZeroUuid) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID() == ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0000) == ESPBTUUID());
+  const uint8_t base[16] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                            0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID() == ESPBTUUID::from_raw(base));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ESPBTUUID() == ESPBTUUID());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID().as_128bit().is_set());  // widening preserves the unset state
+  // A configured 0x0000 still matches its own 128-bit base UUID expansion.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0000) == ESPBTUUID::from_raw(base));
+}
+
+// is_set() is the sentinel check; an unset UUID prints as "None" instead of a
+// valid-looking all-zero 128-bit UUID.
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, IsSetAndUnsetToStr) {
+  char buf[UUID_STR_LEN];
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID().is_set());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(ESPBTUUID().to_str(buf), "None");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0000).is_set());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0000).to_str(buf), "0x0000");
+}
+
+// Text parsing of an invalid length historically produced a len-0 (unset) UUID.
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, InvalidTextFormParsesToUnset) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(ESPBTUUID::from_raw("nope", 3).type(), ESPBTUUID::Type::UNSET);
+}
+
+TEST(BleDeviceUuid, DifferentUuidsDoNotMatch) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x1234) == ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x1235));
+  const uint8_t raw128[16] = {0xFB, 0x34, 0x9B, 0x5F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80,
+                              0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00};
+  // Same low bytes but a non-base prefix is a genuinely different 128-bit UUID.
+  uint8_t custom[16];
+  memcpy(custom, raw128, 16);
+  custom[0] ^= 0x01;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x1234) == ESPBTUUID::from_raw(custom));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89eb56642e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_gatt_client_contract.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// The GATT client contract compiles in no real build until a hub backend is
+// configured; this TU pins it on the host so the header cannot rot unseen.
+// The contract is a concept (BLEGattConnection is a per-platform alias), so
+// the minimal backend here proves the concept stays satisfiable and routes
+// events through the GattClientListener interface the way a real backend does.
+#define USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// Overrides only what it records; the interface's defaults cover the rest.
+class RecordingListener : public GattClientListener {
+ public:
+  void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) override { this->connected_ = connected; }
+  void on_service_discovery_done(int error) override { this->discovery_error_ = error; }
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override { this->write_handle_ = handle; }
+
+  bool connected_{false};
+  int discovery_error_{0};
+  uint16_t write_handle_{0};
+};
+
+class MinimalConnection {
+ public:
+  void set_listener(GattClientListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  int connect(uint64_t address, uint8_t addr_type) {
+    this->listener_->on_connection_state(true, 517, 0);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  bool cancel_gatt_disconnect() { return false; }
+  int gatt_disconnect() { return 0; }
+  int discover_services() {
+    this->listener_->on_service_discovery_done(0);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) { return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+    this->listener_->on_write_result(handle, 0);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) { return 0; }
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) { return 0; }
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) { return 0; }
+  int pair() { return GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED; }
+  int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+  void release_services() {}
+  void set_connection_type(ConnectionType ct) {}
+
+ protected:
+  GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+};
+
+static_assert(BLEGattConnectionContract<MinimalConnection>,
+              "a minimal backend must satisfy the contract the alias asserts");
+
+TEST(BleGattClientContract, MinimalImplementerCompilesAndRoutesEvents) {
+  MinimalConnection connection;
+  RecordingListener listener;
+  connection.set_listener(&listener);
+  EXPECT_EQ(connection.connect(0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL, 0), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(listener.connected_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(connection.discover_services(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(listener.discovery_error_, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(connection.read_characteristic(1), GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(connection.write_characteristic(7, nullptr, 0, true), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(listener.write_handle_, 7);
+
+  // A default table is empty and safe to walk.
+  GattServiceTable table = connection.get_service_table();
+  EXPECT_EQ(table.service_count, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(table.characteristic_count, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(table.descriptor_count, 0);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_ibeacon.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_ibeacon.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b154742ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_ibeacon.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// from_manufacturer_data() accepts exactly the iBeacon frame: Apple company ID,
+// 23 payload bytes, and the 0x02/0x15 sub-type/length prefix. The prefix check
+// is stricter than the legacy esp32 parser (which surfaced any 23-byte Apple
+// payload as a beacon) — a declared behavior change; these tests pin the
+// accept/reject boundary.
+namespace {
+
+ServiceData make_apple_payload(uint8_t sub_type, uint8_t length, size_t size = 23) {
+  ServiceData data;
+  data.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x004C);  // Apple company ID
+  data.data.assign(size, 0);
+  if (size >= 2) {
+    data.data[0] = sub_type;
+    data.data[1] = length;
+  }
+  // BeaconData layout: sub_type[0], length[1], proximity_uuid[2..17],
+  // major[18..19], minor[20..21], signal_power[22] — all wire values big-endian.
+  if (size >= 23) {
+    data.data[18] = 0x12;  // major 0x1234
+    data.data[19] = 0x34;
+    data.data[20] = 0x56;  // minor 0x5678
+    data.data[21] = 0x78;
+    data.data[22] = 0xC5;  // signal power -59 dBm
+  }
+  return data;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, AcceptsWellFormedFrame) {
+  auto beacon = ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x02, 0x15));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(beacon.has_value());
+  // Explicit guard: clang-tidy's unchecked-optional-access models neither
+  // gtest's ASSERT_TRUE nor value() as a check.
+  if (beacon.has_value()) {
+    // Pins every scalar accessor's offset and the on-wire big-endian order.
+    EXPECT_EQ(beacon->get_major(), 0x1234);
+    EXPECT_EQ(beacon->get_minor(), 0x5678);
+    EXPECT_EQ(beacon->get_signal_power(), -59);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, RejectsWrongSubType) {
+  // Apple "nearby" and other frames of coincidental length must not parse.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x10, 0x15)).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, RejectsWrongLengthByte) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x02, 0x14)).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, RejectsWrongPayloadSize) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x02, 0x15, 22)).has_value());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x02, 0x15, 24)).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, RejectsNonAppleCompany) {
+  auto data = make_apple_payload(0x02, 0x15);
+  data.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0059);  // Nordic
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(data).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, PrefixRejectedFlagsOnlyTheSubTypeCase) {
+  // The out-param drives the get_ibeacon() diagnostic for frames the legacy
+  // parser accepted: exactly the 23-byte Apple payload with a wrong prefix.
+  // Wrong size and non-Apple frames were never accepted and must stay silent.
+  bool flagged = false;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x10, 0x15), &flagged).has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(flagged);
+
+  flagged = false;
+  ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x02, 0x15), &flagged);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(flagged);
+
+  flagged = false;
+  ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(make_apple_payload(0x10, 0x15, 22), &flagged);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(flagged);
+
+  flagged = false;
+  auto nordic = make_apple_payload(0x10, 0x15);
+  nordic.uuid = ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x0059);
+  ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(nordic, &flagged);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(flagged);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// One AD manufacturer-data record: [len][0xFF][company LE][payload...].
+void append_mfr_record(std::vector<uint8_t> &adv, uint16_t company, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
+  adv.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + 2 + payload.size()));
+  adv.push_back(0xFF);
+  adv.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(company & 0xFF));
+  adv.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(company >> 8));
+  adv.insert(adv.end(), payload.begin(), payload.end());
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> beacon_payload(uint8_t sub_type, uint8_t length) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> p(23, 0);
+  p[0] = sub_type;
+  p[1] = length;
+  p[18] = 0x12;
+  p[19] = 0x34;
+  p[20] = 0x56;
+  p[21] = 0x78;
+  p[22] = 0xC5;
+  return p;
+}
+
+ESPBTDevice device_from(const std::vector<uint8_t> &adv) {
+  const uint8_t mac[6] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(mac, -59, 0, adv.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(adv.size()));
+  return device;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// get_ibeacon() wraps the parser with first-rejection capture and the log
+// gate; pin its short circuits so a regression there needs a code change, not
+// a review, to surface.
+TEST(BleIBeacon, GetIbeaconReturnsBeaconDespitePrecedingRejectedFrame) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  append_mfr_record(adv, 0x004C, beacon_payload(0x10, 0x15));  // rejected prefix
+  append_mfr_record(adv, 0x004C, beacon_payload(0x02, 0x15));  // real iBeacon
+  auto device = device_from(adv);
+  auto beacon = device.get_ibeacon();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(beacon.has_value());
+  if (beacon.has_value()) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(beacon->get_major(), 0x1234);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, GetIbeaconEmptyWhenOnlyRejectedFrames) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  append_mfr_record(adv, 0x004C, beacon_payload(0x10, 0x15));
+  auto device = device_from(adv);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.get_ibeacon().has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(BleIBeacon, GetIbeaconEmptyWithoutManufacturerData) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv;
+  adv.push_back(0x02);  // flags record only
+  adv.push_back(0x01);
+  adv.push_back(0x06);
+  auto device = device_from(adv);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.get_ibeacon().has_value());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_irk.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_irk.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f507968c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_irk.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// Reference vector generated with Python `cryptography` AES-128-ECB following
+// the RPA resolution procedure (Bluetooth Core, Vol 3 Part H §2.2.2):
+// hash = e(IRK, prand), where prand is the top 3 address bytes and the hash
+// must equal the low 3 address bytes.
+namespace {
+const uint8_t IRK[16] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+                         0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f};
+// 4A:2B:7C:FB:7B:21 — prand 4A:2B:7C (two MSBs = 01, an RPA), hash FB:7B:21.
+const uint8_t RPA_LSB_FIRST[6] = {0x21, 0x7b, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0x2b, 0x4a};
+
+ESPBTDevice make_device(const uint8_t mac_lsb_first[6]) {
+  ESPBTDevice device;
+  device.from_scan_result(mac_lsb_first, /*rssi=*/-60, /*addr_type=*/BLE_ADDR_TYPE_RPA_RANDOM, nullptr, 0);
+  return device;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(BleIrk, ResolvesMatchingRpa) {
+  ESPBTDevice device = make_device(RPA_LSB_FIRST);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.resolve_irk(IRK));
+}
+
+TEST(BleIrk, RejectsWrongIrk) {
+  uint8_t wrong_irk[16];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    wrong_irk[i] = IRK[i] ^ 0xff;
+  ESPBTDevice device = make_device(RPA_LSB_FIRST);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.resolve_irk(wrong_irk));
+}
+
+TEST(BleIrk, RejectsWrongAddress) {
+  uint8_t other_mac[6];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    other_mac[i] = RPA_LSB_FIRST[i];
+  other_mac[0] ^= 0x01;  // corrupt one hash byte
+  ESPBTDevice device = make_device(other_mac);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.resolve_irk(IRK));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62a9aebb81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_raw_callback.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// Exercises the hub contract around RawAdvertisementCallback, not just the
+// struct: a hub stores one slot via set_raw_advertisement_callback(), fires it
+// only when set ("no subscriber" is the default-constructed slot), and a new
+// registration replaces the old ("one consumer at a time").
+//
+// The in-tree emit site (BK72xxBLETracker::on_scan_report) compiles against
+// the Beken SDK and cannot run host-side, so the guard-and-fire semantics are
+// pinned here through a minimal host hub carrying only the slot under test.
+namespace {
+
+class FakeHub {
+ public:
+  void set_raw_advertisement_callback(RawAdvertisementCallback callback) { this->callback_ = callback; }
+
+  /// The emit path every tracker implements: fire only when a subscriber is set.
+  void emit(const RawAdvertisement &adv) {
+    if (this->callback_.is_set())
+      this->callback_.invoke(adv);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  RawAdvertisementCallback callback_;  // default-constructed: no subscriber
+};
+
+struct CapturingSubscriber {
+  RawAdvertisement last{};
+  int calls{0};
+
+  static void trampoline(void *self, const RawAdvertisement &adv) {
+    auto *sub = static_cast<CapturingSubscriber *>(self);
+    sub->last = adv;
+    sub->calls++;
+  }
+};
+
+// Device AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF, packed the way the API speaks it.
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_ADDRESS = 0xAABBCCDDEEFFULL;
+const uint8_t ADV_DATA[4] = {0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x00};
+
+RawAdvertisement make_test_adv() {
+  return RawAdvertisement{
+      .address = TEST_ADDRESS, .data = ADV_DATA, .data_len = sizeof(ADV_DATA), .rssi = -63, .addr_type = 1};
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(RawAdvertisementCallback, DefaultConstructedSlotIsNotSet) {
+  const RawAdvertisementCallback callback{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(callback.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(RawAdvertisementCallback, SubscriberSeesFieldsUnchanged) {
+  FakeHub hub;
+  CapturingSubscriber subscriber;
+  hub.set_raw_advertisement_callback({&subscriber, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline});
+
+  hub.emit(make_test_adv());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(subscriber.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.address, TEST_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.data, ADV_DATA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.data_len, sizeof(ADV_DATA));
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.rssi, -63);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last.addr_type, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(RawAdvertisementCallback, NoSubscriberDoesNotFire) {
+  FakeHub hub;
+  // No set_raw_advertisement_callback(): emitting must be a guarded no-op,
+  // not a jump through a garbage pointer.
+  hub.emit(make_test_adv());
+}
+
+TEST(RawAdvertisementCallback, NewSubscriberReplacesOld) {
+  FakeHub hub;
+  CapturingSubscriber first;
+  CapturingSubscriber second;
+  hub.set_raw_advertisement_callback({&first, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline});
+  hub.set_raw_advertisement_callback({&second, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline});
+
+  hub.emit(make_test_adv());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(first.calls, 0);  // one consumer at a time
+  ASSERT_EQ(second.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second.last.rssi, -63);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_response_merger.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_response_merger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec157715fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scan_response_merger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// The host test build gets this from the manifest override; clang-tidy does not.
+#ifndef USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+#define USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
+#endif
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/scan_response_merger.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+namespace {
+
+// Pins the merge policy three trackers share (ln882h, rp2, bk72xx): slot
+// bookkeeping, the same-device reuse path, the table-full fallback, the
+// 62-byte truncation, the advertisement-RSSI choice and the raw_only gate.
+// Delivery is observed through a real AdvDispatcher: the raw callback sees
+// every frame (including raw_only), a listener only the parsed ones.
+
+struct DeliveredFrame {
+  uint64_t address;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  int8_t rssi;
+};
+
+struct RawCapture {
+  std::vector<DeliveredFrame> frames;
+
+  static void trampoline(void *self, const RawAdvertisement &adv) {
+    auto *capture = static_cast<RawCapture *>(self);
+    capture->frames.push_back({adv.address, std::vector<uint8_t>(adv.data, adv.data + adv.data_len), adv.rssi});
+  }
+};
+
+class CountingListener : public ESPBTDeviceListener {
+ public:
+  bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override {
+    this->parsed++;
+    return true;  // claimed: keeps the discovered log quiet
+  }
+  int parsed{0};
+};
+
+class ScanResponseMergerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    this->dispatcher_.set_raw_advertisement_callback({&this->raw_, &RawCapture::trampoline});
+    this->dispatcher_.register_listener(&this->listener_);
+    this->merger_.bind(&this->dispatcher_, &this->scan_continuous_, "test");
+  }
+
+  void stash_(const uint8_t (&mac)[6], int8_t rssi, uint8_t data_len, uint8_t fill, uint32_t now = 0) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data(data_len, fill);
+    this->merger_.stash_adv(mac, rssi, 0, data.data(), data_len, now);
+  }
+
+  void scan_rsp_(const uint8_t (&mac)[6], int8_t rssi, uint8_t data_len, uint8_t fill) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data(data_len, fill);
+    this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(mac, rssi, 0, data.data(), data_len);
+  }
+
+  ScanResponseMerger merger_;
+  AdvDispatcher dispatcher_;
+  RawCapture raw_;
+  CountingListener listener_;
+  bool scan_continuous_{true};
+};
+
+constexpr uint8_t MAC_A[6] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06};
+constexpr uint8_t MAC_B[6] = {0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16};
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, MatchedPairDeliversOneMergedFrameWithAdvRssi) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());  // held, not delivered
+
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_A, -70, 10, 0xBB);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &frame = this->raw_.frames[0];
+  ASSERT_EQ(frame.data.size(), 30u);  // adv + response as ONE frame
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.data[0], 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.data[19], 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.data[20], 0xBB);
+  // The advertisement's RSSI, never the scan response's.
+  EXPECT_EQ(frame.rssi, -40);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, ReAdvertisementDeliversHeldFrameAndReusesSlot) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA);
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -45, 22, 0xCC);  // same device again: first frame is delivered
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 20u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].rssi, -40);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->merger_.empty());  // the second advertisement now holds the slot
+
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_A, -70, 5, 0xBB);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[1].data.size(), 27u);  // 22 + 5, merged from the reused slot
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[1].rssi, -45);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, FullTableDegradesToUnmergedDelivery) {
+  uint8_t mac[6] = {0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    mac[5] = i;
+    this->stash_(mac, -50, 10, i);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());  // 8 slots, all held
+
+  mac[5] = 8;
+  this->stash_(mac, -50, 10, 8);            // 9th device: no slot left
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);  // delivered immediately, unmerged
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 10u);
+
+  this->merger_.flush();  // the 8 held frames are all still intact
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 9u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, MergeTruncatesAtBufferCapacity) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 31, 0xAA);
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_A, -70, 40, 0xBB);  // only 31 bytes of room remain
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 62u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data[31], 0xBB);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data[61], 0xBB);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, UnmatchedScanResponseIsRawOnly) {
+  this->scan_rsp_(MAC_B, -60, 12, 0xDD);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);  // still forwarded on the raw path
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].rssi, -60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 0);  // but never parsed for listeners
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, AddrTypeIsPartOfTheMatchKey) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> adv(20, 0xAA);
+  this->merger_.stash_adv(MAC_A, -40, /*addr_type=*/0, adv.data(), adv.size(), 0);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rsp(10, 0xBB);
+  this->merger_.submit_scan_rsp(MAC_A, -70, /*addr_type=*/1, rsp.data(), rsp.size());
+  // Same MAC, different addr_type: no merge — the response goes out raw_only.
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].data.size(), 10u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->merger_.empty());  // the advertisement is still held
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, SweepDeliversOnlyPastTheTimeout) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA, /*now=*/1000);
+  this->merger_.sweep(1300);  // exactly 300 ms: not yet past the timeout
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());
+  this->merger_.sweep(1301);
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames[0].rssi, -40);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 1);  // timeout delivery is a full parse, not raw_only
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, FlushDeliversEverythingImmediately) {
+  this->stash_(MAC_A, -40, 20, 0xAA, /*now=*/1000);
+  this->stash_(MAC_B, -50, 15, 0xBB, /*now=*/1000);
+  this->merger_.flush();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->raw_.frames.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->listener_.parsed, 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->merger_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, UnboundMergerDropsInsteadOfCrashing) {
+  ScanResponseMerger unbound;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data(20, 0xAA);
+  unbound.stash_adv(MAC_A, -40, 0, data.data(), data.size(), 0);
+  unbound.submit_scan_rsp(MAC_A, -70, 0, data.data(), data.size());
+  unbound.sweep(1000);
+  unbound.flush();  // no null jump anywhere
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unbound.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ScanResponseMergerTest, PartialBindIsTreatedAsUnbound) {
+  ScanResponseMerger partial;
+  partial.bind(&this->dispatcher_, nullptr, "test");
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data(20, 0xAA);
+  partial.submit_scan_rsp(MAC_A, -70, 0, data.data(), data.size());
+  partial.stash_adv(MAC_A, -40, 0, data.data(), data.size(), 0);
+  partial.flush();  // dropped, not dispatched through half a binding
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->raw_.frames.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scanner_state_callback.cpp b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scanner_state_callback.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7515b2f38e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_device_base/test_scanner_state_callback.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_hub.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing {
+
+// Pins the ScannerStateCallback slot semantics, mirroring test_raw_callback:
+// a default-constructed slot is "no subscriber", a set slot delivers the
+// state, and a new registration replaces the old.
+namespace {
+
+struct CapturingSubscriber {
+  ScannerState last{ScannerState::IDLE};
+  int calls{0};
+
+  static void trampoline(void *self, ScannerState state) {
+    auto *sub = static_cast<CapturingSubscriber *>(self);
+    sub->last = state;
+    sub->calls++;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ScannerStateCallback, DefaultConstructedSlotIsNotSet) {
+  const ScannerStateCallback callback{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(callback.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(ScannerStateCallback, SubscriberSeesState) {
+  CapturingSubscriber subscriber;
+  ScannerStateCallback callback{&subscriber, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(callback.is_set());
+  callback.invoke(ScannerState::RUNNING);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscriber.last, ScannerState::RUNNING);
+}
+
+TEST(ScannerStateCallback, NewSubscriberReplacesOld) {
+  CapturingSubscriber first;
+  CapturingSubscriber second;
+  ScannerStateCallback callback{&first, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline};
+  callback = {&second, CapturingSubscriber::trampoline};
+  callback.invoke(ScannerState::STOPPED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(first.calls, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second.last, ScannerState::STOPPED);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cc5075efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_presence
+    mac_address: 11:22:33:44:55:66
+    name: BLE Test Presence
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml
index 2ba6aa0754..bd2bb9fecc 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ble_presence
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
     name: ESP32 BLE Tracker Google Home Mini
   - platform: ble_presence
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a359c772c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ble_presence: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_presence/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_presence/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92b39f1255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_presence/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_presence
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+    name: BK BLE Presence
+  - platform: ble_presence
+    irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
+    name: BK BLE Presence IRK
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0ccc2df06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    # irk: is the only thing that emits USE_BLE_DEVICE_IRK off ESP32
+    irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
+    name: BLE Test RSSI
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml
index 43bed1d0e7..bbedf17c37 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ble_rssi
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
     name: BLE Google Home Mini RSSI value
   - platform: ble_rssi
@@ -14,7 +17,9 @@ sensor:
     service_uuid: 11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00
     name: BLE Test Service 128
   - platform: ble_rssi
-    service_uuid: 11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00
+    ibeacon_uuid: 11223344-5566-7788-99aa-bbccddeeff00
+    ibeacon_major: 100
+    ibeacon_minor: 1
     name: BLE Test iBeacon UUID
   - platform: ble_rssi
     irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3554484ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ble_rssi: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..926701117e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate-legacy-key.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config-only: pins the esp32_ble_id: -> ble_hub_id: deprecation alias — the
+# legacy key must keep validating (with a rename warning) until its removal
+# release (2027.2.0).
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: legacy_tracker
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    esp32_ble_id: legacy_tracker
+    mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+    name: Legacy Key RSSI
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fb6bdd201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_rssi/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+    name: BK BLE RSSI
+  - platform: ble_rssi
+    irk: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
+    name: BK BLE RSSI IRK
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c732031d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_scanner
+    name: BLE Test Scanner
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml
index 935a5a5a19..5c8d09892f 100644
--- a/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/common.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 text_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ble_scanner
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: Scanner
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26dbe4476d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ble_scanner: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_scanner/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ble_scanner/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb025d74b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_scanner/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ble_scanner
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    name: BK Scanner
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding _require_hub guards.
+  - platform: ble_scanner
+    name: BK Scanner Implicit
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c1ad4e74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # close_service_batch compiles only under USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS;
+    # emit the backend define so the host build exercises it.
+    async def to_code_testing(config):
+        # These defines are global to the merged host test binary; safe
+        # because no co-compiled test observes them.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_STUB_BACKEND")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY")
+        # Gates the connection half of the API surface, which is what
+        # close_service_batch and the GATT response types live behind.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
+        cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE", 16)
+        cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", 1)
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
+    # The batcher sizes api protobuf messages.
+    manifest.dependencies = manifest.dependencies + ["api"]
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/common.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e84f4a678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+api:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_close_service_batch.cpp b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_close_service_batch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..601ff9202b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_close_service_batch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+// The three cursor behaviors: a fitting service advances and continues, an
+// overflowing batch with >1 service pops and retries it, and a single
+// oversized service is force-advanced so the stream cannot wedge.
+
+static void add_service(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, uint16_t characteristics) {
+  resp.services.emplace_back();
+  auto &svc = resp.services.back();
+  svc.handle = resp.services.size();
+  svc.uuid = {0x1234567890ABCDEFULL, 0xFEDCBA0987654321ULL};
+  svc.characteristics.init(characteristics);
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < characteristics; i++) {
+    auto &chr = svc.characteristics.emplace_back();
+    chr.handle = 100 + i;
+    chr.properties = 0x12;
+    chr.uuid = {0x1234567890ABCDEFULL, 0xFEDCBA0987654321ULL};
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(CloseServiceBatch, FittingServiceAdvancesAndContinues) {
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  add_service(resp, 1);
+  size_t current_size = 0;
+  int16_t cursor = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ(close_service_batch(resp, current_size, cursor, 0, "AA:BB"), BatchClose::CONTINUE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cursor, 1);
+  EXPECT_GT(current_size, 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(CloseServiceBatch, OverflowPopsAndRetriesWithoutAdvancing) {
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  add_service(resp, 1);
+  add_service(resp, 1);
+  size_t current_size = MAX_PACKET_SIZE - 10;  // any service is bigger than 10 bytes
+  int16_t cursor = 5;
+  EXPECT_EQ(close_service_batch(resp, current_size, cursor, 0, "AA:BB"), BatchClose::SEND);
+  EXPECT_EQ(resp.services.size(), 1u);  // popped for the next batch
+  EXPECT_EQ(cursor, 5);                 // not advanced: retried next batch
+}
+
+TEST(CloseServiceBatch, SingleOversizedServiceForceAdvances) {
+  api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
+  add_service(resp, 60);  // ~30 bytes per characteristic, far past the budget
+  ASSERT_GT(resp.services.back().calculate_size(), MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
+  size_t current_size = 0;
+  int16_t cursor = 7;
+  EXPECT_EQ(close_service_batch(resp, current_size, cursor, 0, "AA:BB"), BatchClose::SEND);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cursor, 8);  // advanced despite not fitting, so the stream moves on
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_gatt_uuid.cpp b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_gatt_uuid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3596a4364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/test_gatt_uuid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Pins the shared UUID wire packing and the size-estimate budget the service
+// streamers rely on, in both efficient and legacy client modes.
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection::testing {
+
+using ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID;
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, ShortUuidUsedWhenClientSupportsIt) {
+  std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid128{};
+  uint32_t short_uuid = 0;
+  fill_gatt_uuid(uuid128, short_uuid, ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x180F), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_uuid, 0x180Fu);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[0], 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[1], 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, LegacyClientGetsBaseUuidExpansion) {
+  // 0000180F-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
+  std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid128{};
+  uint32_t short_uuid = 0;
+  fill_gatt_uuid(uuid128, short_uuid, ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x180F), false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_uuid, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[0], 0x0000180F00001000ULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[1], 0x800000805F9B34FBULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, FullUuidPassesThroughBigEndian) {
+  // 12345678-90AB-CDEF-1122-334455667788, stored little-endian in ESPBTUUID.
+  const uint8_t big_endian[16] = {0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF,
+                                  0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88};
+  std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid128{};
+  uint32_t short_uuid = 0;
+  // Efficient mode must still use the 128-bit form for 128-bit UUIDs.
+  fill_gatt_uuid(uuid128, short_uuid, ESPBTUUID::from_raw_reversed(big_endian), true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_uuid, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[0], 0x1234567890ABCDEFULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uuid128[1], 0x1122334455667788ULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GattUuidPacking, EstimateGrowsWithCharacteristicsAndMode) {
+  // The estimate only gates batching; pin its shape, not exact bytes.
+  EXPECT_LT(estimate_service_size(0, true), estimate_service_size(0, false));
+  EXPECT_LT(estimate_service_size(1, false), estimate_service_size(2, false));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3674b8406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_connection/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Distinct shape from bluetooth_proxy's own rp2 fixtures: explicit slot count
+# on the platform whose backend lives in this component (validate-only, so it
+# never collides with grouped builds).
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+# Two slots: the one shape where the wrap pools are smaller than the cap.
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+  connection_slots: 2
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3445f16c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on esp32 by explicit choice: no GATT backend is
+# compiled (USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT unset), which pins the HAS_GATT gating and the
+# address-scoped maintenance path that a connections build never exercises.
+# Under batch grouping the active default build is what runs; the standalone
+# compile of this fixture is what exercises the passive gating.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: false
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae0f00d765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test-passive.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on rp2 by explicit choice. Variant tests compile
+# as their own builds when this component is tested individually; under CI
+# batch grouping the active default build is what runs, so this fixture's
+# guarantee is the individual run plus config validation.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: false
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae1aed7c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on the ln882x BLE hub (active-scan-capable, in-tree
+# since #16691) — a target CI fully compiles. Same bare-hub arrangement as
+# test.rp2040-ard.yaml: no explicit ble_hub_id so a grouped build cannot
+# collide with ln882h_ble_tracker's own fixture id.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77ed2ea32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Full proxy on the rp2 BLE hub: active defaults to true here (esp32 parity),
+# so this compiles the BTstack GATT client backend with the default three
+# connection slots, exercising the rp2040_ble/btstack_memory.cpp pool --wrap
+# link.
+# No explicit ble_hub_id: the generated binding resolves the single declared
+# hub, and an inline id here would collide with rp2_ble_tracker's own fixture
+# once CI merges both components into one grouped rp2040-ard build (grouped
+# component dicts collapse; only one id survives). The explicit-key form is
+# covered by validate.rp2040-ard.yaml, which never participates in grouping.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2350-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1abc62cedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Pico 2 W build of the full proxy: links the rp2350 framework archive, so
+# the pool --wrap overrides and their per-architecture layout asserts are
+# exercised for this chip too (see test.rp2040-ard.yaml for the slot shape).
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..331d679510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Advertisement-only proxy on the bk72xx BLE hub (active-scan-capable since the
+# tracker's packed-command start). Config-only: the CI base board generic-bk7252
+# is BLE 4.2 and cannot compile the BLE 5.x tracker. Same bare-hub arrangement
+# as test.ln882x-ard.yaml: no explicit ble_hub_id so a grouped build cannot
+# collide with bk72xx_ble_tracker's own fixture id.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a92716ebeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Connections given as a bare list, with no explicit per-entry id. The ids are
+# generated during validation, so this config breaks if the schema validates the
+# connections list more than once.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  active: true
+  connections:
+    - {}
+    - {}
diff --git a/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa385dd5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bluetooth_proxy/validate.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Explicit ble_hub_id on the rp2 hub — the documented disambiguator once a
+# platform has more than one tracker. Validate-only: never merged into grouped
+# builds, so the inline id cannot collide with rp2_ble_tracker's own fixture.
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+bluetooth_proxy:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..947f8890f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    # bindkey compiles ble_device_base::aes_ccm_auth_decrypt off Espressif
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: BTHome Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: BTHome Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml
index 7a68fae966..d61738bbe5 100644
--- a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d03ff4a4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  bthome_mithermometer: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a50dd6e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bthome_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: BK BTHome Temperature
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: bthome_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:79
+    temperature:
+      name: BK BTHome Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/camera/__init__.py b/tests/components/camera/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61104b0bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/camera/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # No host camera platform exists to emit USE_CAMERA; define it here so
+    # the iterator CAMERA state compiles into the test binary.
+    async def to_code_testing(config):
+        cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/camera/test_component_iterator_camera.cpp b/tests/components/camera/test_component_iterator_camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efd8261554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/camera/test_component_iterator_camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/component_iterator.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_CAMERA
+#include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+class StubCamera : public camera::Camera {
+ public:
+  void add_listener(camera::CameraListener *listener) override {}
+  camera::CameraImageReader *create_image_reader() override { return nullptr; }
+  void request_image(camera::CameraRequester requester) override {}
+  void start_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override {}
+  void stop_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override {}
+};
+
+// Iterator that accepts everything except the camera, which can refuse a
+// configurable number of times. The CAMERA state is a singleton path
+// distinct from process_platform_item_; this pins the same contract:
+// a refused camera is re-offered, never skipped.
+class CameraRefusingIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+ public:
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  bool on_##singular(type *obj) override { return true; }
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+
+  bool on_camera(camera::Camera *obj) override {
+    this->camera_calls++;
+    if (this->camera_refusals > 0) {
+      this->camera_refusals--;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int camera_calls{0};
+  int camera_refusals{0};
+};
+
+// Far above the fixed number of iterator states
+static constexpr size_t BIG_BUDGET = 1000;
+
+class ComponentIteratorCameraTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Constructing a Camera installs the process-wide singleton
+    static StubCamera stub_camera;
+    ASSERT_EQ(camera::Camera::instance(), &stub_camera);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ComponentIteratorCameraTest, RefusedCameraIsReofferedNotSkipped) {
+  CameraRefusingIterator it;
+  it.camera_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  // Runs until the camera refuses, which stops the pass
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.camera_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The camera is re-offered once per call, not skipped
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.camera_calls, 2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // Once accepted, the iteration completes
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.camera_calls, 3);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
+#endif  // USE_CAMERA
diff --git a/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml b/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml
index 9784bfce8b..4d2411e021 100644
--- a/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml
@@ -17,6 +17,15 @@ cc1101:
   sync0: 0x91
   sync1: 0xD3
   num_preamble: 2
+  foc_bs_cs_gate: true
+  foc_pre_k: "2K"
+  foc_post_k: "K/2"
+  foc_limit: "BW/4"
+  bs_pre_ki: "3KI"
+  bs_pre_kp: "4KP"
+  bs_post_ki: "KI/2"
+  bs_post_kp: "KP"
+  bs_limit: "12.5%"
   on_packet:
     then:
       - lambda: |-
diff --git a/tests/components/climate/climate_test.cpp b/tests/components/climate/climate_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bda014b87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/climate/climate_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
+
+namespace esphome::climate::testing {
+
+// Minimal concrete Climate that offers a fixed set of modes, so the restore path can be exercised
+// without any hardware or platform component.
+class TestClimate : public Climate {
+ public:
+  ClimateTraits traits() override {
+    auto traits = ClimateTraits();
+    traits.set_supported_modes({CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL});
+    traits.set_supported_fan_modes({CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH});
+    return traits;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const ClimateCall &call) override {}
+};
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, RestoresASupportedMode) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  // Value-initialized: several members (mode, swing_mode, the temperature union) have no default
+  // member initializer, so leaving the {} off would read indeterminate values.
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
+}
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, DoesNotRestoreAnUnsupportedMode) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  // The device never advertised HEAT, so the mode stays where it was.
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+}
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, LeavesTheCurrentModeAloneRatherThanForcingOff) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  // apply() is public and nothing restricts it to setup(), so the entity is not necessarily off
+  // when an unsupported mode is dropped. It keeps what it had rather than being forced to OFF.
+  climate.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
+}
+
+TEST(ClimateRestoreStateTest, KeepsRestoringTheOtherFieldsWhenTheModeIsDropped) {
+  TestClimate climate;
+  ClimateDeviceRestoreState state{};
+  state.mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+  state.target_temperature = 21.0f;
+  state.uses_custom_fan_mode = false;
+  state.fan_mode = CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+
+  state.apply(&climate);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.mode, CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(climate.target_temperature, 21.0f);
+  // Compared as an optional: this asserts both that the fan mode was restored and what it holds.
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate.fan_mode, CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::climate::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml b/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml
index e0bc185d2c..5536c36742 100644
--- a/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/climate_ir_lg/common.yaml
@@ -12,5 +12,8 @@ climate:
   - platform: climate_ir_lg
     name: LG Climate
     transmitter_id: xmitr
+    header_high: 3300us
+    header_low: 9840us
+    advanced_commands_support: true
     sensor: climate_ir_lg_temp_sensor
     humidity_sensor: humidity_sensor
diff --git a/tests/components/core/benchmark.yaml b/tests/components/core/benchmark.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..063ac41eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/benchmark.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Pulls in sensor so entity iteration paths compile (USE_SENSOR);
+# tests register their own instances. Plain yaml.safe_load, no ESPHome tags.
+# An alphabetically-earlier component's sensor: block shadows this one in
+# combined builds; the tests' sensor-count ASSERT catches a capacity drop.
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: bench_sensor_a
+    name: "Bench A"
+  - platform: template
+    id: bench_sensor_b
+    name: "Bench B"
diff --git a/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp b/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
index 468185787f..521ae10e5c 100644
--- a/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
@@ -55,4 +55,78 @@ TEST(HelpersTest, Ilog10RoundTripMatchesLog10) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(StaticVectorTest, ConvertingConstructorFromSmaller) {
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, 5> small{0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, 253> big = small;
+  ASSERT_EQ(big.size(), small.size());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < small.size(); i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(big[i], small[i]) << "mismatch at index " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(StaticVectorTest, ConvertingConstructorPartiallyFilledAndEmpty) {
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, 5> partial{0xAA, 0xBB};
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, 8> from_partial = partial;
+  ASSERT_EQ(from_partial.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(from_partial[0], 0xAA);
+  EXPECT_EQ(from_partial[1], 0xBB);
+
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, 5> empty;
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, 8> from_empty = empty;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(from_empty.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(StaticVectorTest, ConvertingConstructorSameSize) {
+  StaticVector<int, 3> src{1, 2, 3};
+  StaticVector<int, 3> dst = src;
+  ASSERT_EQ(dst.size(), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst[2], 3);
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, NullPointerAlwaysFalse) {
+  const char *haystack = nullptr;
+  const char *needle = nullptr;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, needle));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case("Hello World", needle));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, "anything"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, EmptySearchMatches) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, ""));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, MiscCaseMatches) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "HELLO"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "hELLO"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, MiscNotMatching) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+
+  // Expected to match
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Hell"));
+
+  // Expected not to match
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Heaven"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "Hello!"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, "world!"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringContainsIgnoreCaseTest, FallbackMatchesLibc) {
+  const char *haystack = "Hello World";
+  for (const char *needle : {"", "Hello", "hELLO", "HELLO", "Hell", "world", "World", "Heaven", "Hello!", "d"}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback(haystack, needle), str_contains_ignore_case(haystack, needle))
+        << "needle: " << needle;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback("", ""), str_contains_ignore_case("", ""));
+  EXPECT_EQ(str_contains_ignore_case_fallback("ab", "abc"), str_contains_ignore_case("ab", "abc"));
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/core/json_escape_test.cpp b/tests/components/core/json_escape_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4db6dce2ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/json_escape_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Large enough that none of the inputs below are ever dropped.
+constexpr size_t TEST_BUFFER_SIZE = 64 * JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION + 1;
+
+// Escape into a stack buffer and return the result as a string so the expectations stay readable.
+std::string escape(const std::string &value) {
+  char buf[TEST_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return json_escape_into_buffer(buf, StringRef(value.c_str(), value.size()));
+}
+
+// Same, but with the short control forms turned off.
+std::string escape_long(const std::string &value) {
+  char buf[TEST_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return json_escape_into_buffer(buf, StringRef(value.c_str(), value.size()), false);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Plain ASCII with no special characters is passed through unchanged.
+TEST(JsonEscape, PlainStringUnchanged) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("MyNetwork"), "MyNetwork");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape(""), "");
+}
+
+// A double quote is escaped so it does not terminate the surrounding JSON string.
+TEST(JsonEscape, EscapesDoubleQuote) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("a\"b"), "a\\\"b");
+  // A double quote followed by other characters stays inside the JSON string.
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\">end"), "\\\">end");
+}
+
+// A backslash is doubled so it does not start an escape sequence in the output.
+TEST(JsonEscape, EscapesBackslash) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("a\\b"), "a\\\\b");
+  // A trailing backslash must not escape the closing quote of the JSON string.
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("net\\"), "net\\\\");
+}
+
+// The control characters with short JSON forms use those forms.
+TEST(JsonEscape, EscapesShortFormControls) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\n"), "\\n");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\r"), "\\r");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\t"), "\\t");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\b"), "\\b");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\f"), "\\f");
+}
+
+// Other control characters (< 0x20) without a short form become \u00XX with lowercase hex.
+TEST(JsonEscape, EscapesOtherControlsAsUnicode) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape(std::string("\x00", 1)), "\\u0000");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\x01"), "\\u0001");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\x10"), "\\u0010");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\x1f"), "\\u001f");
+  // 0x7f (DEL) is >= 0x20, so it is NOT escaped by this helper.
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\x7f"), "\x7f");
+}
+
+// With the short forms turned off, every control character is written as \u00XX instead.
+TEST(JsonEscape, LongControlEscapes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("\n"), "\\u000a");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("\r"), "\\u000d");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("\t"), "\\u0009");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("\b"), "\\u0008");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("\f"), "\\u000c");
+  // Controls without a short form are unaffected by the flag.
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("\x01"), "\\u0001");
+}
+
+// The flag only affects control characters. A quote or backslash is never written as \u00XX, because that form is
+// no shorter and both modes have always emitted the two character escape.
+TEST(JsonEscape, LongModeStillUsesTwoCharQuoteAndBackslash) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("a\"b"), "a\\\"b");
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("a\\b"), "a\\\\b");
+  // Ordinary text is untouched in either mode.
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape_long("MyDevice"), "MyDevice");
+}
+
+// Bytes >= 0x20, including multi-byte UTF-8 sequences, are passed through verbatim.
+TEST(JsonEscape, PassesThroughUtf8) {
+  // "café" in UTF-8 (é == 0xC3 0xA9).
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("caf\xc3\xa9"), "caf\xc3\xa9");
+  // Emoji (📶, 4-byte UTF-8) survives unchanged.
+  EXPECT_EQ(escape("\xf0\x9f\x93\xb6"), "\xf0\x9f\x93\xb6");
+}
+
+// A mix of special and normal characters is escaped in place without disturbing the rest.
+TEST(JsonEscape, MixedContent) { EXPECT_EQ(escape("a\"b\\c\nd"), "a\\\"b\\\\c\\nd"); }
+
+// A buffer sized at JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION bytes per input byte holds the worst case exactly.
+TEST(JsonEscape, WorstCaseInputFitsExactly) {
+  constexpr size_t input_len = 8;
+  char buf[input_len * JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION + 1];
+  const std::string input(input_len, '\x01');
+  std::string expected;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < input_len; i++)
+    expected += "\\u0001";
+  EXPECT_EQ(json_escape_into_buffer(buf, StringRef(input.c_str(), input.size())), expected);
+}
+
+// An escape sequence that would not fit is dropped whole rather than written partially, and the result stays null
+// terminated.
+TEST(JsonEscape, DropsEscapeThatWouldNotFit) {
+  // Room for one \u00XX sequence plus the null terminator, but two are requested.
+  char buf[JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION + 1];
+  const std::string input(2, '\x01');
+  const std::string result = json_escape_into_buffer(buf, StringRef(input.c_str(), input.size()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, "\\u0001");
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[JSON_ESCAPE_MAX_EXPANSION], '\0');
+}
+
+// Plain characters are truncated at the buffer size, leaving room for the null terminator.
+TEST(JsonEscape, TruncatesPlainInput) {
+  char buf[5];
+  const std::string input(20, 'a');
+  EXPECT_STREQ(json_escape_into_buffer(buf, StringRef(input.c_str(), input.size())), "aaaa");
+}
+
+// A zero length buffer cannot even hold a null terminator, so an empty string is returned instead of writing.
+TEST(JsonEscape, EmptyBufferIsSafe) {
+  const std::string input("test");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(json_escape_into_buffer(std::span<char>(), StringRef(input.c_str(), input.size())), "");
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_component_iterator.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_component_iterator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03d467c920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_component_iterator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/component_iterator.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+// Iterator whose begin/end callbacks can refuse a configurable number of
+// times; all entity callbacks accept (any registered entities are accepted).
+class RefusingIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+ public:
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  bool on_##singular(type *obj) override { return true; }
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+
+  bool on_begin() override { return step(this->begin_calls, this->begin_refusals); }
+  bool on_end() override { return step(this->end_calls, this->end_refusals); }
+
+  int begin_calls{0};
+  int end_calls{0};
+  int begin_refusals{0};
+  int end_refusals{0};
+
+ protected:
+  static bool step(int &calls, int &refusals) {
+    calls++;
+    if (refusals > 0) {
+      refusals--;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+// Far above the fixed number of iterator states
+static constexpr size_t BIG_BUDGET = 1000;
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, NotRunningMakesNoProgress) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, CompletesInOneCallWithoutRefusals) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.begin();
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, StepBudgetIsHonored) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.begin();
+  it.try_advance(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, RefusedStepStopsBatchAndRetriesSameStep) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.end_refusals = 3;
+  it.begin();
+  // First call runs until the refused end step, which stops the pass
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The refused step is retried once per call, not skipped
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 3);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // Once accepted, the iteration completes
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 4);
+}
+
+TEST(ComponentIterator, RefusedBeginStopsBatchAndRetries) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.begin_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.begin_calls, 3);
+}
+
+// The deprecated advance() wrapper must keep the legacy once-per-loop
+// pattern working during the deprecation window.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+TEST(ComponentIterator, DeprecatedAdvanceKeepsLegacyPatternWorking) {
+  RefusingIterator it;
+  it.end_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  size_t guard = 0;
+  while (!it.completed() && guard++ < BIG_BUDGET) {
+    it.advance();
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  // Two refused end steps were retried, then accepted
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.end_calls, 3);
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+// Iterator whose sensor callback can refuse or yield; pins the per-item
+// contract: a refused item is re-offered with at_ unchanged, never skipped.
+class ItemRefusingIterator : public RefusingIterator {
+ public:
+  bool on_sensor(sensor::Sensor *obj) override {
+    this->last_sensor = obj;
+    if (!step(this->sensor_calls, this->sensor_refusals))
+      return false;
+    if (this->yield_on_sensor)
+      this->yield_after_step_();
+    return true;
+  }
+  sensor::Sensor *last_sensor{nullptr};
+  int sensor_calls{0};
+  int sensor_refusals{0};
+  bool yield_on_sensor{false};
+};
+
+class ComponentIteratorSensorTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    static sensor::Sensor sensor_a;
+    static sensor::Sensor sensor_b;
+    static bool registered = false;
+    if (!registered) {
+      App.register_sensor(&sensor_a);
+      App.register_sensor(&sensor_b);
+      registered = true;
+    }
+    // StaticVector drops silently when full; fail the fixture, not the contract
+    ASSERT_EQ(App.get_sensors().size(), 2u) << "benchmark.yaml sensor count too small";
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ComponentIteratorSensorTest, RefusedItemIsReofferedNotSkipped) {
+  ItemRefusingIterator it;
+  it.sensor_refusals = 2;
+  it.begin();
+  // Runs until the first sensor refuses
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The refused item is re-offered, not skipped
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 2);
+  sensor::Sensor *refused = it.last_sensor;
+  // Once accepted, iteration continues through the second sensor to the end
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+  EXPECT_NE(it.last_sensor, refused);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 4);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComponentIteratorSensorTest, YieldAfterStepEndsPassAndResumes) {
+  ItemRefusingIterator it;
+  it.yield_on_sensor = true;
+  it.begin();
+  // The pass ends right after the first sensor despite a big budget
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it.completed());
+  // The next pass ends after the second sensor
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_EQ(it.sensor_calls, 2);
+  // Remaining states then run to completion in one pass
+  it.try_advance(BIG_BUDGET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it.completed());
+}
+#endif  // USE_SENSOR
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_event_pool.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_event_pool.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da13924c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_event_pool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <set>
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+struct PoolItem {
+  int value{0};
+  // EventPool contract: release() cleans up per-object state; nothing here.
+  void release() {}
+};
+
+TEST(EventPool, AllocateUpToCapacityThenNull) {
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 4> pool;
+  PoolItem *items[4];
+  for (auto *&item : items) {
+    item = pool.allocate();
+    ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+  }
+  // At capacity: the pool refuses rather than growing past SIZE.
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, FullDrainRetainsEveryObject) {
+  // Pins the SIZE + 1 free-list sizing: a fully returned pool must hold all
+  // SIZE objects. With a SIZE-slot ring (capacity SIZE - 1) the last release()
+  // of a full drain was dropped, permanently orphaning one object.
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 4> pool;
+  PoolItem *items[4];
+  for (auto *&item : items)
+    item = pool.allocate();
+  for (auto *item : items)
+    pool.release(item);
+
+  // Every object must be allocatable again — no orphan, no new creation
+  // (total_created_ is already at SIZE, so a lost object would surface as a
+  // nullptr on the fourth allocation).
+  std::set<PoolItem *> seen;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    PoolItem *item = pool.allocate();
+    ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+    seen.insert(item);
+  }
+  // And they are the same four objects, recycled rather than re-created.
+  for (auto *item : items)
+    EXPECT_TRUE(seen.count(item) == 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, RepeatedDrainCyclesAreStable) {
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 3> pool;
+  // Several full allocate/release cycles: capacity must not shrink over time.
+  for (int cycle = 0; cycle < 10; cycle++) {
+    PoolItem *items[3];
+    for (auto *&item : items) {
+      item = pool.allocate();
+      ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+    for (auto *item : items)
+      pool.release(item);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, ReleaseNullptrIsSafe) {
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 2> pool;
+  pool.release(nullptr);
+  EXPECT_NE(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, WarmFullyPopulatesThePool) {
+  // warm()'s guarantee is invisible at runtime: no later allocate() may touch
+  // malloc(). Fully populated means SIZE allocations succeed from the free
+  // list and the SIZE + 1-th refuses.
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 4> pool;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.warm());
+  PoolItem *items[4];
+  for (auto *&item : items) {
+    item = pool.allocate();
+    ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, WarmIsIdempotent) {
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 3> pool;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.warm());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.warm());
+  // Still exactly SIZE objects: no growth past capacity.
+  PoolItem *items[3];
+  for (auto *&item : items) {
+    item = pool.allocate();
+    ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, AllocateAfterWarmRecyclesTheWarmedObjects) {
+  // The objects handed out after warm() are the ones warm() created,
+  // recycled rather than re-created.
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 4> pool;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.warm());
+  std::set<PoolItem *> first_round;
+  PoolItem *items[4];
+  for (auto *&item : items) {
+    item = pool.allocate();
+    first_round.insert(item);
+  }
+  for (auto *item : items)
+    pool.release(item);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    PoolItem *item = pool.allocate();
+    ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(first_round.count(item) == 1);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(EventPool, WarmTopsUpWithEntriesOutstanding) {
+  // warm() counts existing entries (free or checked out) instead of failing
+  // when some are outstanding: it tops the pool up from any state.
+  esphome::EventPool<PoolItem, 4> pool;
+  PoolItem *held = pool.allocate();
+  ASSERT_NE(held, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.warm());
+  // The held object plus three more accounts for all SIZE entries.
+  PoolItem *items[3];
+  for (auto *&item : items) {
+    item = pool.allocate();
+    ASSERT_NE(item, nullptr);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.allocate(), nullptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
index 5fb77ef753..3767b24d86 100644
--- a/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::core::testing {
@@ -213,4 +214,70 @@ TEST(BufAppendSepStr, Truncation) {
   EXPECT_EQ(end - buf, 7);
 }
 
+// --- base64 encode/decode ---
+
+static const char BASE64_ALPHABET[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+// Pack 6-bit indices 0..63 into 48 bytes so encoding yields the full alphabet in order
+TEST(Base64, EncodeProducesCanonicalAlphabet) {
+  uint8_t bytes[48];
+  size_t n = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 64; i += 4) {
+    bytes[n++] = (i << 2) | ((i + 1) >> 4);
+    bytes[n++] = ((i + 1) & 0x0F) << 4 | ((i + 2) >> 2);
+    bytes[n++] = ((i + 2) & 0x03) << 6 | (i + 3);
+  }
+  std::string encoded = base64_encode(bytes, sizeof(bytes));  // NOLINT(esphome-heap-allocation) - host test
+  EXPECT_EQ(encoded, BASE64_ALPHABET);
+}
+
+// Decode the alphabet then re-encode: locks the encode and decode mappings together
+TEST(Base64, DecodeCanonicalAlphabetRoundTrip) {
+  uint8_t buf[48];
+  size_t len = base64_decode(std::string(BASE64_ALPHABET), buf, sizeof(buf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(len, 48u);
+  std::string reencoded = base64_encode(buf, len);  // NOLINT(esphome-heap-allocation) - host test
+  EXPECT_EQ(reencoded, BASE64_ALPHABET);
+}
+
+TEST(Base64, DecodeBase64UrlMatchesStandard) {
+  std::string url = BASE64_ALPHABET;
+  for (char &c : url) {
+    if (c == '+')
+      c = '-';
+    if (c == '/')
+      c = '_';
+  }
+  uint8_t standard[48], urlsafe[48];
+  size_t len_standard = base64_decode(std::string(BASE64_ALPHABET), standard, sizeof(standard));
+  size_t len_url = base64_decode(url, urlsafe, sizeof(urlsafe));
+  EXPECT_EQ(len_standard, len_url);
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(standard, urlsafe, len_standard), 0);
+}
+
+// RFC 4648 vectors cover both padding cases (len % 3 == 1 and len % 3 == 2)
+TEST(Base64, Rfc4648Vectors) {
+  const struct {
+    const char *plain;
+    const char *encoded;
+  } vectors[] = {
+      {"", ""},
+      {"f", "Zg=="},
+      {"fo", "Zm8="},
+      {"foo", "Zm9v"},
+      {"foob", "Zm9vYg=="},
+      {"fooba", "Zm9vYmE="},
+      {"foobar", "Zm9vYmFy"},
+  };
+  for (const auto &v : vectors) {
+    const auto *plain = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(v.plain);
+    std::string encoded = base64_encode(plain, strlen(v.plain));  // NOLINT(esphome-heap-allocation) - host test
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded, v.encoded);
+    uint8_t buf[8];
+    size_t len = base64_decode(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(v.encoded), strlen(v.encoded), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_EQ(len, strlen(v.plain));
+    EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf, v.plain, len), 0);
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_lock_free_queue.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_lock_free_queue.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f74278129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_lock_free_queue.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Exercises the no-atomics LockFreeQueue implementation (PlainAtomic indices —
+// the path used on cores without atomic RMW instructions, currently BK72xx).
+// The define is forced before the include so this TU deterministically compiles
+// that path regardless of the host's default thread model; no other test TU
+// instantiates this template, so the differing definition is confined here.
+#define ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, EmptyPopReturnsNull) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 4> q;
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(q.full());
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.size(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, FifoOrder) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 4> q;
+  int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&c));
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.size(), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, CapacityIsSizeMinusOne) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 4> q;
+  int v[4] = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[0]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[1]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[2]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.full());
+  // Ring reserves one slot: the SIZEth push fails and is counted as dropped.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(q.push(&v[3]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 0u);  // reset is sticky
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, NullPushRejected) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 4> q;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(q.push(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, WrapAround) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 4> q;
+  int v[3] = {10, 20, 30};
+  // Cycle several times the ring size to cross the wrap boundary repeatedly.
+  for (int cycle = 0; cycle < 10; cycle++) {
+    for (auto &value : v)
+      ASSERT_TRUE(q.push(&value));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(q.full());
+    for (auto &value : v)
+      ASSERT_EQ(q.pop(), &value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, IncrementDroppedCount) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 4> q;
+  // Producer-side external drop accounting (pool exhausted before push).
+  q.increment_dropped_count();
+  q.increment_dropped_count();
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 2u);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueNoAtomics, InterleavedPushPop) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<int, 8> q;
+  int v[64];
+  int popped = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+    v[i] = i;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(q.push(&v[i]));
+    if (i % 2 == 1) {
+      int *first = q.pop();
+      ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+      EXPECT_EQ(*first, popped++);
+      int *second = q.pop();
+      ASSERT_NE(second, nullptr);
+      EXPECT_EQ(*second, popped++);
+    }
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(popped, 64);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_lock_free_queue_single.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_lock_free_queue_single.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..911674da65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_lock_free_queue_single.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Exercises the LockFreeQueue PlainAtomic path under ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE —
+// the gate added for single-threaded platforms whose only concurrency is
+// same-core interrupt preemption (RP2: BTstack packet handler in the CYW43
+// async-context IRQ). The define is forced before the include so this TU
+// deterministically compiles that path regardless of the host's default
+// thread model. The instantiations here deliberately differ from
+// test_lock_free_queue.cpp's (uint32_t elements, non-power-of-2 sizes): no
+// template instantiation is shared between the two TUs, so the differing
+// AtomicIndex definitions can never collide under the one-definition rule,
+// and the non-power-of-2 sizes cover next_index()'s comparison branch, which
+// the other TU's power-of-2 sizes never reach.
+#define ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+// Pin the gate itself: under ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE the index type must be the
+// PlainAtomic fallback, not std::atomic — otherwise the RP2040 build silently
+// pulls __atomic_* library calls back in.
+static_assert(!std::is_same_v<esphome::lockfree_internal::AtomicIndex<uint8_t>, std::atomic<uint8_t>>,
+              "ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE must select the PlainAtomic index path");
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, EmptyPopReturnsNull) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 5> q;
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(q.full());
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.size(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, FifoOrder) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 5> q;
+  uint32_t a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&c));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.size(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), &d);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.pop(), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, CapacityIsSizeMinusOne) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 5> q;
+  uint32_t v[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[0]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[1]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[2]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.push(&v[3]));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.full());
+  // Ring reserves one slot: the SIZEth push fails and is counted as dropped.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(q.push(&v[4]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 0u);  // reset is sticky
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, NullPushRejected) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 5> q;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(q.push(nullptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, WrapAround) {
+  // Non-power-of-2 SIZE: next_index() wraps via the comparison branch here.
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 5> q;
+  uint32_t v[4] = {10, 20, 30, 40};
+  // Cycle several times the ring size to cross the wrap boundary repeatedly.
+  for (int cycle = 0; cycle < 10; cycle++) {
+    for (auto &value : v)
+      ASSERT_TRUE(q.push(&value));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(q.full());
+    for (auto &value : v)
+      ASSERT_EQ(q.pop(), &value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, IncrementDroppedCount) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 5> q;
+  // Producer-side external drop accounting (pool exhausted before push).
+  q.increment_dropped_count();
+  q.increment_dropped_count();
+  EXPECT_EQ(q.get_and_reset_dropped_count(), 2u);
+}
+
+TEST(LockFreeQueueThreadSingle, InterleavedPushPop) {
+  esphome::LockFreeQueue<uint32_t, 7> q;
+  uint32_t v[64];
+  uint32_t popped = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+    v[i] = i;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(q.push(&v[i]));
+    if (i % 2 == 1) {
+      uint32_t *first = q.pop();
+      ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+      EXPECT_EQ(*first, popped++);
+      uint32_t *second = q.pop();
+      ASSERT_NE(second, nullptr);
+      EXPECT_EQ(*second, popped++);
+    }
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(q.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(popped, 64u);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_preference_contract.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_preference_contract.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0833a5929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_preference_contract.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Pins the preferences contract concepts so the surface they enforce cannot
+// drift unnoticed: a minimal conforming type must satisfy each concept, and a
+// type missing a method or returning the wrong type must not.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/preference_backend.h"
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+struct MinimalBackend {
+  bool save(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+  bool load(uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(PreferenceBackendContract<MinimalBackend>);
+
+struct BackendMissingLoad {
+  bool save(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferenceBackendContract<BackendMissingLoad>);
+
+struct BackendWrongReturn {
+  void save(const uint8_t *, size_t) {}
+  bool load(uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferenceBackendContract<BackendWrongReturn>);
+
+struct MinimalPreferences : public PreferencesMixin<MinimalPreferences> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<MinimalPreferences>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(PreferencesContract<MinimalPreferences>);
+
+struct PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesMissingTwoArgForm>);
+
+struct PreferencesMissingReset : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingReset> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<PreferencesMissingReset>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesMissingReset>);
+
+struct PreferencesWrongSyncReturn : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesWrongSyncReturn> {
+  using PreferencesMixin<PreferencesWrongSyncReturn>::make_preference;
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  void sync() {}
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesWrongSyncReturn>);
+
+// Forgot `using PreferencesMixin<X>::make_preference;`, so the derived
+// overloads hide the template forms (see the PreferencesContract note in
+// preference_backend.h); the concept must reject the class.
+struct PreferencesForgotUsingDeclaration : public PreferencesMixin<PreferencesForgotUsingDeclaration> {
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t, bool) { return {}; }
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_preference(size_t, uint32_t) { return {}; }
+  bool sync() { return true; }
+  bool reset() { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!PreferencesContract<PreferencesForgotUsingDeclaration>);
+
+struct MinimalKeyLookup {
+  bool load_from_key(uint32_t, uint8_t *, size_t) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(PreferencesKeyLookupContract<MinimalKeyLookup>);
+
+struct KeyLookupMissingMethod {};
+static_assert(!PreferencesKeyLookupContract<KeyLookupMissingMethod>);
+
+TEST(PreferenceContract, NullBackendRefusesBothOperations) {
+  // ESPPreferenceObject forwards to whichever backend the platform binds; a
+  // default-constructed object has no backend and must refuse both operations
+  // instead of crashing.
+  ESPPreferenceObject without_backend;
+  uint32_t value = 42;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(without_backend.save(&value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(without_backend.load(&value));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_string_ref.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_string_ref.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcbd0aa0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_string_ref.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, ProperPrefixMatches) {
+  StringRef ref("FR:R20:12345", 12);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ref.starts_with("FR:"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, WholeStringIsAPrefixOfItself) {
+  StringRef ref("TP96", 4);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ref.starts_with("TP96"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, PrefixLongerThanViewFails) {
+  StringRef ref("TP", 2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ref.starts_with("TP96"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, DifferentContentFails) {
+  StringRef ref("TP96", 4);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ref.starts_with("FR:"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, EmptyPrefixAlwaysMatches) {
+  StringRef ref("abc", 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ref.starts_with(""));
+  StringRef empty;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(empty.starts_with(""));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, EmptyViewOnlyMatchesEmptyPrefix) {
+  StringRef empty;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(empty.starts_with("a"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, WorksOnANonTerminatedBuffer) {
+  // The reason the helper exists: a bounded view over a buffer with no
+  // terminator anywhere near the viewed bytes.
+  const char raw[] = {'R', 'a', 'd', 'o', 'n', 'X'};
+  StringRef ref(raw, 5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ref.starts_with("Radon"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ref.starts_with("RadonEye"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ref.starts_with("adon"));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, StdStringOverload) {
+  StringRef ref("TP96", 4);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ref.starts_with(std::string("TP")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ref.starts_with(std::string("96")));
+}
+
+TEST(StringRefStartsWith, RefOverloadComparesOnlyTheViewedLength) {
+  // The prefix is a bounded view: bytes past its length must not be compared.
+  StringRef ref("FR:123", 6);
+  StringRef prefix("FR:xyz", 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ref.starts_with(prefix));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/cst328/common.yaml b/tests/components/cst328/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..286dbf587f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/cst328/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+display:
+  - platform: ssd1306_i2c
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: cst328_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    model: SSD1306_128X64
+    reset_pin: ${display_reset_pin}
+    pages:
+      - id: cst328_page1
+        lambda: |-
+          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());
+
+touchscreen:
+  - platform: cst328
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: cst328_touchscreen
+    display: cst328_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
+    reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: cst328
+    id: touch_key_cst328
diff --git a/tests/components/cst328/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/cst328/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac4ad140a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/cst328/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+substitutions:
+  display_reset_pin: "4"
+  interrupt_pin: "20"
+  reset_pin: "21"
+
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+  cst328: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/dallas_temp/common.yaml b/tests/components/dallas_temp/common.yaml
index abd8e0cfa3..7f03ffa326 100644
--- a/tests/components/dallas_temp/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/dallas_temp/common.yaml
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 one_wire:
   - platform: gpio
+    id: ow_dallas_temp
     pin: ${one_wire_pin}
 
 sensor:
   - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_dallas_temp
     address: 0x1C0000031EDD2A28
     name: Dallas Temperature 1
     resolution: 9
   - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_dallas_temp
     name: Dallas Temperature 2
   - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_dallas_temp
     name: Dallas Temperature 3
     index: 2
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-all.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-all.yaml
index b97eec76b9..9dc2f87258 100644
--- a/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-all.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-all.yaml
@@ -6,9 +6,15 @@ deep_sleep:
   sleep_duration: 50s
   wakeup_pin: ${wakeup_pin}
   wakeup_pin_mode: INVERT_WAKEUP
+  on_wake:
+    - logger.log:
+        format: "Woke up, cause %d"
+        args: ["static_cast<int>(cause)"]
   esp32_ext1_wakeup:
     pins:
-      - number: GPIO2
+      - pin: GPIO2
+        on_wake:
+          - logger.log: Woken by ext1 pin GPIO2
       - number: GPIO13
     mode: ANY_HIGH
   touch_wakeup: true
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-ext1.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-ext1.yaml
index 9ed4279a33..c531d44743 100644
--- a/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-ext1.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32-ext1.yaml
@@ -5,8 +5,15 @@ deep_sleep:
   sleep_duration: 50s
   wakeup_pin: ${wakeup_pin}
   wakeup_pin_mode: INVERT_WAKEUP
+  on_wake:
+    - logger.log:
+        format: "Woke up, cause %d"
+        args: ["static_cast<int>(cause)"]
   esp32_ext1_wakeup:
     pins:
-      - number: GPIO2
+      - pin:
+          number: GPIO2
+        on_wake:
+          - logger.log: Woken by ext1 pin GPIO2
       - number: GPIO5
     mode: ANY_HIGH
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32.yaml
index c20e1a902e..e670787cc0 100644
--- a/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/common-esp32.yaml
@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ deep_sleep:
   sleep_duration: 50s
   wakeup_pin: ${wakeup_pin}
   wakeup_pin_mode: INVERT_WAKEUP
+  on_wake:
+    - logger.log:
+        format: "Woke up, cause %d"
+        args: ["static_cast<int>(cause)"]
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/test-ota-rollback.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test-ota-rollback.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb24377675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test-ota-rollback.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Deep sleep combined with OTA while bootloader rollback support is enabled
+# (the default on ESP-IDF). Entering deep sleep runs the safe shutdown hooks,
+# where safe_mode confirms the running app image so the bootloader does not
+# roll back a fresh OTA update when the device goes to sleep before
+# boot_is_good_after has elapsed.
+substitutions:
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO4
+
+packages:
+  deep_sleep: !include common.yaml
+  deep_sleep_esp32: !include common-esp32.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+    password: "superlongpasswordthatnoonewillknow"
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/test-ota-rollback.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test-ota-rollback.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..485490576d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test-ota-rollback.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Deep sleep combined with mcumgr OTA while MCUboot image rollback is enabled
+# (the default on nRF52). Entering system-off deep sleep runs the safe
+# shutdown hooks, where safe_mode confirms the running image so MCUboot does
+# not revert a fresh OTA update on the next wake.
+packages:
+  deep_sleep: !include common.yaml
+
+deep_sleep:
+  run_duration: 10s
+
+zephyr_ble_server:
+
+ota:
+  - platform: zephyr_mcumgr
+    transport:
+      ble: true
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
index 2385fbb4db..bdbd27c902 100644
--- a/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 deep_sleep:
   run_duration: 30s
   sleep_duration: 12h
+  on_wake:
+    - logger.log:
+        format: "Woke up, cause %d"
+        args: ["static_cast<int>(cause)"]
   wakeup_pin:
     - pin:
         number: P6
diff --git a/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index df08ec8a14..e4c592c095 100644
--- a/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 deep_sleep:
   run_duration: 10s
   sleep_duration: 50s
+  on_wake:
+    - logger.log:
+        format: "Woke up, cause %d"
+        args: ["static_cast<int>(cause)"]
 
 <<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ds2484/common.yaml b/tests/components/ds2484/common.yaml
index 1e5dcd7dba..b6abc5bd76 100644
--- a/tests/components/ds2484/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ds2484/common.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 one_wire:
-  platform: ds2484
-  i2c_id: i2c_bus
-  address: 0x18
-  active_pullup: true
-  strong_pullup: false
+  - platform: ds2484
+    id: ow_ds2484
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x18
+    active_pullup: true
+    strong_pullup: false
diff --git a/tests/components/ds248x/common.yaml b/tests/components/ds248x/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53ae56f20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds248x/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# Combined DS248x test covering all chip variants and options:
+#   - DS2482-100: active pullup, multiple sensors + index access
+#   - DS2482-101: sleep pin, bus_sleep / hub_sleep
+#   - DS2482-800: all 8 channels
+#   - DS2484:     adjustable 1-Wire timing + RWPU pullup resistor selection
+ds248x:
+  - id: ds2482_100
+    address: 0x18
+    type: ds2482-100
+    active_pullup: true
+  - id: ds2482_101
+    address: 0x19
+    type: ds2482-101
+    active_pullup: true
+    sleep_pin:
+      number: GPIO12
+      inverted: false
+    bus_sleep: true
+    hub_sleep: true
+  - id: ds2482_800
+    address: 0x1a
+    type: ds2482-800
+    active_pullup: true
+  - id: ds2484_hub
+    address: 0x1b
+    type: ds2484
+    active_pullup: true
+    # DS2484-specific 1-Wire timing parameters (optional fine-tuning)
+    reset_low_time: 8              # tRSTL: Reset low time
+    master_sample_time: 8         # tMSP: Master sample point
+    write_0_low_time: 8           # tW0L: Write-0 low time
+    recovery_time: 8              # tREC0: Recovery time
+    active_pullup_resistance: 1000ohm  # RWPU: weak pullup resistor selection
+
+one_wire:
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_100
+    channel: 0
+    id: ow_100
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_101
+    channel: 0
+    id: ow_101
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 0
+    id: ow_800_0
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 1
+    id: ow_800_1
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 2
+    id: ow_800_2
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 3
+    id: ow_800_3
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 4
+    id: ow_800_4
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 5
+    id: ow_800_5
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 6
+    id: ow_800_6
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2482_800
+    channel: 7
+    id: ow_800_7
+  - platform: ds248x
+    ds248x_id: ds2484_hub
+    channel: 0
+    id: ow_2484
+
+sensor:
+  # DS2482-100: explicit address + index-based access on the same bus
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_100
+    address: 0x1c0000031edd2a28
+    name: Temp 100 by address
+    resolution: 12
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_100
+    index: 0
+    name: Temp 100 by index
+  # DS2482-101 (sleep variant)
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_101
+    address: 0x578295491f64ff28
+    name: Temp 101
+  # DS2482-800: sensors on a few of the eight channels
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_800_0
+    address: 0x1c0000031edd2a28
+    name: Temp 800 CH0
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_800_3
+    index: 0
+    name: Temp 800 CH3 by index
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_800_7
+    address: 0x2800000123456789
+    name: Temp 800 CH7
+  # DS2484 (adjustable timing)
+  - platform: dallas_temp
+    one_wire_id: ow_2484
+    address: 0x1c0000031edd2a28
+    name: Temp 2484
+    resolution: 12
diff --git a/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp32-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c503b0ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47e39c389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a98b9388a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds248x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ds248x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ds248x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..319a7c71a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ds248x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml b/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml
index 8300dbb01b..48ccafc2d2 100644
--- a/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/e131/common-ard.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
     effects:
diff --git a/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml b/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml
index 8300dbb01b..48ccafc2d2 100644
--- a/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/e131/common-idf.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: ${pin}
     effects:
diff --git a/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 4593784ef9..89255e2d87 100644
--- a/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/e131/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ light:
     pin: 2
     pio: 0
     num_leds: 256
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: WS2812
     effects:
       - e131:
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index a0784fcd53..e56b1bda5d 100644
--- a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 80a2cb2fc0..9ec9377437 100644
--- a/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp8266-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 410c579d4b..6f4952d8e5 100644
--- a/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/rp2040-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/emontx/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/emontx/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..882ee26fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/emontx/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+packages:
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
+  emontx: !include common.yaml
+
+# Validate that each sensor type gets the correct default state_class,
+# unit_of_measurement, device_class, and accuracy_decimals when NO overrides
+# are provided. The values are intentionally omitted so apply_tag_defaults is
+# exercised, not the user-override path.
+
+sensor:
+  # Energy sensor (E prefix): expects state_class=total_increasing, unit=Wh,
+  # device_class=energy, accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: E1
+    name: Energy 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Power sensor (P prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=W,
+  # device_class=power, accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: P1
+    name: Power 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Voltage sensor (V prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=V,
+  # device_class=voltage, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: V1
+    name: Voltage 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Current sensor (I prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=A,
+  # device_class=current, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: I1
+    name: Current 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Temperature sensor (T prefix): expects state_class=measurement, unit=°C,
+  # device_class=temperature, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: T1
+    name: Temperature 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Pulse sensor (PULSE pattern): expects state_class=total_increasing,
+  # unit=pulses, device_class=energy, accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: PULSE1
+    name: Pulse 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Power factor sensor (PF pattern): expects state_class=measurement,
+  # device_class=power_factor, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: PF1
+    name: Power Factor 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Apparent power sensor (AP pattern): expects state_class=measurement,
+  # unit=VA, device_class=apparent_power, accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: AP1
+    name: Apparent Power 1
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Frequency sensor (F, matched exactly, not as a prefix): expects
+  # state_class=measurement, unit=Hz, device_class=frequency,
+  # accuracy_decimals=2
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: F
+    name: Frequency
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # Unknown tag: no prefix match, falls back to state_class=measurement,
+  # accuracy_decimals=0
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: CUSTOM1
+    name: Custom sensor
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+
+  # User override: verify that explicit values are respected and not clobbered
+  - platform: emontx
+    tag_name: E2
+    name: Energy 2 (user override)
+    emontx_id: test_emontx
+    state_class: measurement
+    accuracy_decimals: 3
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/common.h b/tests/components/epaper_spi/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ac12afa6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi::testing {
+
+/// SPI delegate that records transaction boundaries and burns wall-clock time on each
+/// row write, so a transfer can be driven past its MAX_TRANSFER_TIME yield deadline.
+class TimedSPIDelegate : public spi::SPIDelegate {
+ public:
+  explicit TimedSPIDelegate(uint32_t row_transfer_ms) : row_transfer_ms_(row_transfer_ms) {}
+
+  uint8_t transfer(uint8_t data) override { return 0; }
+
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) override {
+    // A row of pixel data is one "slow" write; single-byte writes are commands.
+    if (length > 1) {
+      const uint32_t until = millis() + this->row_transfer_ms_;
+      while (millis() < until) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void begin_transaction() override { this->begin_count++; }
+  void end_transaction() override { this->end_count++; }
+
+  int begin_count{0};
+  int end_count{0};
+
+ protected:
+  uint32_t row_transfer_ms_;
+};
+
+/// GPIO pin that just remembers the last level written to it.
+class RecordingPin : public GPIOPin {
+ public:
+  void setup() override {}
+  void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override {}
+  gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE; }
+  bool digital_read() override { return false; }
+  void digital_write(bool value) override { this->level = value; }
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override { return snprintf(buffer, len, "recording"); }
+
+  bool level{true};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/display/test_t133a01_transfer.cpp b/tests/components/epaper_spi/display/test_t133a01_transfer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c7abdc022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/display/test_t133a01_transfer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "../common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_t133a01.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi::testing {
+
+/// Exposes the protected transfer machinery so the yield behaviour can be driven directly.
+class TestableT133A01 : public EPaperT133A01 {
+ public:
+  TestableT133A01(uint16_t width, uint16_t height) : EPaperT133A01("test", width, height, nullptr, 0) {}
+
+  void install(spi::SPIDelegate *delegate) {
+    this->delegate_ = delegate;
+    this->set_dc_pin(&this->dc);
+    this->set_cs_pins(&this->cs, &this->cs1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->init_buffer_(this->buffer_length_));
+  }
+
+  using EPaperT133A01::transfer_data;
+
+  RecordingPin dc, cs, cs1;
+};
+
+/// Regression test for the T133A01 transfer deadlock (issue #17668).
+///
+/// `transfer_data()` evaluates its yield deadline *after* incrementing the row counter, so the
+/// deadline can expire on a phase's final row. The phase is then complete but the function
+/// reports "not done"; on the next call the phase guard is false, so the `disable()` /
+/// CS-deassert epilogue is skipped permanently. The SPI transaction is never closed and the
+/// next `enable()` blocks forever, tripping the task watchdog.
+///
+/// Here the CS phase is two rows and every row write overruns the deadline, so the second call
+/// completes the phase exactly as the deadline expires, which is the failing alignment. The completed
+/// phase must still run its epilogue: end the transaction and deassert CS.
+TEST(EPaperT133A01, CompletedPhaseRunsEpilogueWhenDeadlineExpiresOnFinalRow) {
+  // width 8 -> 4 bytes per row, 2 per half-row; height 2 -> a two-row CS phase
+  TestableT133A01 display(8, 2);
+  TimedSPIDelegate delegate(MAX_TRANSFER_TIME + 5);
+  display.install(&delegate);
+
+  // First call performs the one-off CCSET setup (which opens and closes a transaction of its
+  // own) and then writes row 0 of the CS phase before yielding on the deadline.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(display.transfer_data()) << "transfer should have yielded after the first row";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(display.cs.level) << "CS must stay asserted across a yield mid-phase";
+  const int closed_after_setup = delegate.end_count;
+
+  // Second call writes the final row of the CS phase; the deadline expires as it lands.
+  display.transfer_data();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(delegate.end_count, closed_after_setup + 1)
+      << "completed CS phase skipped disable() -- SPI transaction left open";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(display.cs.level) << "completed CS phase left CS asserted";
+}
+
+/// The CS1 phase has the same off-by-one, but fails worse: after the skipped epilogue the
+/// function falls through to `return true`, reporting the transfer complete while the SPI
+/// transaction is still open and CS1 is still asserted. The next command's `enable()` then
+/// blocks forever. A transfer that reports done must have released the bus.
+TEST(EPaperT133A01, TransferReportsDoneOnlyAfterReleasingTheBus) {
+  TestableT133A01 display(8, 2);
+  TimedSPIDelegate delegate(MAX_TRANSFER_TIME + 5);
+  display.install(&delegate);
+
+  // Both phases are two rows each and every row overruns the deadline, so the transfer needs
+  // one call per row plus the setup call. Bound the loop so a regression fails rather than hangs.
+  int calls = 0;
+  while (!display.transfer_data()) {
+    ASSERT_LT(++calls, 10) << "transfer never reported completion";
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(display.cs1.level) << "transfer reported done with CS1 still asserted";
+  EXPECT_EQ(delegate.begin_count, delegate.end_count)
+      << "transfer reported done with an SPI transaction still open -- the next enable() would deadlock";
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index 60e4008f4f..9cca528744 100644
--- a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ display:
 
   - platform: epaper_spi
     model: seeed-reterminal-e1002
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    model: seeed-reterminal-e1004
+    cs_pin: 33
+    cs1_pin: 34
+    dc_pin: 35
+    reset_pin: 36
+    busy_pin: 37
+    enable_pin: 39
   - platform: epaper_spi
     model: seeed-ee04-mono-4.26
     full_update_every: 10
@@ -203,3 +211,47 @@ display:
       it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
       it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color::BLACK);
       it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 15, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  # Soldered Inkplate 6COLOR 7-color e-paper (600x448, UC8159-family)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: inkplate6color
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+      inverted: true
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 30, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color(255, 0, 0));
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 10, Color(255, 165, 0));
+
+  # Waveshare 7.5" V2 BWR (800x480, UC8179 controller, EDP_7in5b_V2)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: waveshare-7.5in-bv2-bwr
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 100, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 60, Color(255, 0, 0));
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/validate-e1004.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/epaper_spi/validate-e1004.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27066710e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/validate-e1004.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+esphome:
+  name: e1004-test
+  friendly_name: E1004 Test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+psram:
+  mode: octal
+
+spi:
+  - id: epaper_spi_bus
+    clk_pin: GPIO7
+    mosi_pin: GPIO9
+
+display:
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: epaper_spi_bus
+    model: seeed-reterminal-e1004
+    update_interval: never
+    lambda: |-
+      it.fill(Color::WHITE);
+      it.rectangle(10, 10, it.get_width() - 20, it.get_height() - 20, Color::BLACK);
+      it.print(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, id(my_font), Color::BLACK, TextAlign::CENTER, "E1004 Test");
+      it.circle(100, 100, 30, Color(255, 0, 0));
+      it.circle(200, 100, 30, Color(0, 255, 0));
+      it.circle(300, 100, 30, Color(0, 0, 255));
+      it.circle(400, 100, 30, Color(255, 255, 0));
+
+font:
+  - file: "gfonts://Roboto"
+    id: my_font
+    size: 20
+
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test-nvs_encryption.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test-nvs_encryption.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab9001efec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test-nvs_encryption.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      nvs_encryption:
+        key_id: 0
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test-ota_downgrade_protection.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test-ota_downgrade_protection.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d6ab455ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test-ota_downgrade_protection.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+esphome:
+  project:
+    name: esphome.downgrade_test
+    version: "1.2.3"
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      enable_ota_downgrade_protection: true
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_key: ../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
+        signing_scheme: rsa3072
+
+# wifi + ota so the IDF OTA backend compiles with USE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION.
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota_external.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota_external.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fab1d922fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota_external.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# External RSA signing mode with a declared trusted-key list enables ESPHome's
+# own multi-key OTA signature verifier (USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION_MULTI_KEY),
+# which accepts an image whose signature block matches one of the compiled-in
+# trusted keys. wifi + ota pull in the ota component so CI actually compiles that
+# verifier; allow_partition_access exercises the bootloader-update path too.
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        verification_keys:
+          - ../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+    allow_partition_access: true
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 6b77a4e171..523e614e24 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ esp32:
       enable_lwip_mdns_queries: true
       enable_lwip_bridge_interface: true
       disable_libc_locks_in_iram: false  # Test explicit opt-out of RAM optimization
-      use_full_certificate_bundle: false  # Test CMN bundle (default)
+      use_full_certificate_bundle: false  # Bundle stays off without a component that needs it
       include_builtin_idf_components:
         - freertos  # Test escape hatch (freertos is always included anyway)
       enable_full_printf: false
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index fd42fac5a3..c16869d06b 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ esp32:
       disable_fatfs: true
 
 ota:
-  platform: esphome
+  - platform: esphome
 
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble_tracker/common.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble_tracker/common.yaml
index 564cf1f6ea..9c880dbf1a 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble_tracker/common.yaml
@@ -12,18 +12,21 @@ esp32_ble_tracker:
       then:
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
         - lambda: !lambda |-
-            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address (%s) exists in list", x.address_str().c_str());
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address (%s) exists in list", x.address_str_to(addr));
         # yamllint enable rule:line-length
     - mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
       then:
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
         - lambda: !lambda |-
-            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str().c_str());
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
         # yamllint enable rule:line-length
     - then:
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
         - lambda: !lambda |-
-            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str().c_str());
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
         # yamllint enable rule:line-length
   on_ble_service_data_advertise:
     - service_uuid: ABCD
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index 9640032b34..5cf33179ba 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-embedded.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ update:
     type: embedded
     path: $component_dir/test_firmware.bin
     sha256: de2f256064a0af797747c2b97505dc0b9f3df0de4f489eac731c23ae9ca9cc31
+    on_update_available:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Coprocessor update available"
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index 17cde0f35d..88b620cfe8 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-http.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ update:
     type: http
     source: https://esphome.github.io/esp-hosted-firmware/manifest/esp32c6.json
     update_interval: 6h
+    on_update_available:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Coprocessor update available"
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml
index f3ee86bcce..7f52d32229 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/common.yaml
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ light:
     id: led_strip1
     pin: ${pin1}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: ws2812
   - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
     id: led_strip2
     pin: ${pin2}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: RGB
+    channel_colors: RWGB
     bit0_high: 100us
     bit0_low: 100us
     bit1_high: 100us
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index 6bf0639a52..132966eddf 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ light:
     id: led_strip1
     pin: ${pin1}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: ws2812
     use_dma: "true"
   - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
     id: led_strip2
     pin: ${pin2}
     num_leds: 60
-    rgb_order: RGB
+    channel_colors: RGB
     bit0_high: 100us
     bit0_low: 100us
     bit1_high: 100us
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6dd1bcdad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# The deprecated rgb_order / is_rgbw / is_wrgb keys, kept working until 2027.3.0.
+# Config-only: each strip below must migrate to the channel_colors shown in the comment.
+light:
+  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgb
+    pin: GPIO13
+    num_leds: 60
+    chipset: ws2812
+    rgb_order: GRB # -> GRB
+  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgbw
+    pin: GPIO14
+    num_leds: 60
+    chipset: sk6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_rgbw: true # -> GRBW
+  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
+    id: legacy_wrgb
+    pin: GPIO15
+    num_leds: 60
+    chipset: sk6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_wrgb: true # -> WGRB
diff --git a/tests/components/espnow/common-wifi.yaml b/tests/components/espnow/common-wifi.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ffa9dd44b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/espnow/common-wifi.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+espnow:
+  id: espnow_component
+  auto_add_peer: true
+  peers:
+    - 11:22:33:44:55:66
diff --git a/tests/components/espnow/common.yaml b/tests/components/espnow/common.yaml
index f05735e8f4..2f82e794c4 100644
--- a/tests/components/espnow/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/espnow/common.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ espnow:
   id: espnow_component
   auto_add_peer: false
   channel: 1
+  max_payload_size: 1470
   peers:
     - 11:22:33:44:55:66
   on_receive:
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ sensor:
     id: espnow_temp_sensor
 
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport1
     provider: test-provider
     remote_id: espnow_temp_sensor
     id: remote_temp
diff --git a/tests/components/espnow/test-wifi.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/espnow/test-wifi.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c45547cd53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/espnow/test-wifi.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  espnow: !include common-wifi.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/common-ch390.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/common-ch390.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b27bc6ab4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/common-ch390.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: CH390
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500-spi-id.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500-spi-id.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14c01842f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500-spi-id.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  spi_id: spi_bus
+  cs_pin: 5
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test-ch390.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test-ch390.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50165d458f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test-ch390.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-ch390.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500-spi-id.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500-spi-id.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16a25ced2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500-spi-id.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+  ethernet: !include common-w5500-spi-id.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3f9b93464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+exposure_notifications:
+  on_exposure_notification:
+    then:
+      - lambda: |
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "RSSI: %d", x.rssi);
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml
index faba5bb2d1..8cc209ff4e 100644
--- a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 exposure_notifications:
   on_exposure_notification:
+    # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     then:
       - lambda: |
           ESP_LOGD("main", "Got notification:");
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..964f5b68b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  exposure_notifications: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/exposure_notifications/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b487591d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/exposure_notifications/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+exposure_notifications:
+  on_exposure_notification:
+    # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    then:
+      - lambda: |
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "Got notification:");
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "  RPI: %s", format_hex(x.rolling_proximity_identifier).c_str());
+          ESP_LOGD("main", "  RSSI: %d", x.rssi);
diff --git a/tests/components/file/common.yaml b/tests/components/file/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e95c6b01f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/file/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+image:
+  - platform: file
+    id: file_binary_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: BINARY
+    dither: FloydSteinberg
+  - platform: file
+    id: file_rgb565_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: RGB565
+    transparency: alpha_channel
+    resize: 50x50
+  - platform: file
+    id: file_mdi_image
+    file: mdi:alert-circle-outline
+    type: BINARY
+    resize: 24x24
diff --git a/tests/components/file/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/file/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29822d7b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/file/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    id: file_main_lcd
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 15
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/file/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/file/test.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76f9e5af85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/file/test.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: file_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/gpio/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/gpio/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
index fb3f368e03..d034736524 100644
--- a/tests/components/gpio/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/gpio/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,31 @@
+# P0.2, P0.4 and P0.5 all live on the same Zephyr port device (gpio0) and each
+# attaches its own interrupt. This locks in shared-port behavior: every pin owns
+# a separate gpio_callback initialized with its own BIT(pin) mask, so Zephyr
+# dispatches to each pin independently even though the port device is shared.
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: gpio
     pin: 2
     id: gpio_binary_sensor
+    use_interrupt: true
+    interrupt_type: ANY
+
+  # Inverted pin with an edge-specific interrupt: exercises the inversion-aware
+  # interrupt-arming path (logical RISING must arm on the physical falling edge).
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin:
+      number: P0.4
+      inverted: true
+    id: gpio_binary_sensor_inverted
+    use_interrupt: true
+    interrupt_type: RISING
+
+  # Second non-inverted interrupt on the same port (gpio0) as P0.2 above: verifies
+  # multiple pins sharing one port device each get their own callback/pin_mask.
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: P0.5
+    id: gpio_binary_sensor_shared_port
+    use_interrupt: true
+    interrupt_type: FALLING
 
 output:
   - platform: gpio
diff --git a/tests/components/gsl3670/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/gsl3670/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..384e12eaba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/gsl3670/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+
+xl9535:
+  id: expander
+
+touchscreen:
+  # Firmware downloaded from the model's default release URL and cached.
+  - platform: gsl3670
+    model: seeed-reterminal-d1001
+    display: test_display_screen
+    interrupt_pin: 18
+  # Explicit firmware URL + SHA-256 override.
+  - platform: gsl3670
+    model: seeed-reterminal-d1001
+    display: test_display_screen
+    reset_pin: 10
+    interrupt_pin: 11
+    firmware:
+      url: https://github.com/esphome-libs/gsl3670-firmware/releases/download/v1.0.0/seeed-d1001-fw.bin
+      sha256: 2e50501ad83656fb6fa3d92591f9f31add4d442c8e8a79f29f5c4d335bd127a4
diff --git a/tests/components/gt911/common.yaml b/tests/components/gt911/common.yaml
index 0fc40737f0..24a67e2e45 100644
--- a/tests/components/gt911/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/gt911/common.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,8 @@
-display:
-  - platform: ssd1306_i2c
-    i2c_id: i2c_bus
-    id: gt911_ssd1306_i2c_display
-    model: SSD1306_128X64
-    reset_pin: ${display_reset_pin}
-    pages:
-      - id: gt911_page1
-        lambda: |-
-          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());
-
 touchscreen:
   - platform: gt911
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     id: gt911_touchscreen
-    display: gt911_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    display: test_display_screen
     interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
     reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
 
diff --git a/tests/components/gt911/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/gt911/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 3bce86d9a3..9c2de1a425 100644
--- a/tests/components/gt911/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/gt911/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  display_reset_pin: "10"
   interrupt_pin: "20"
   reset_pin: "21"
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  gt911: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/gt911/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/gt911/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index c3bc159b5b..59af399be8 100644
--- a/tests/components/gt911/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/gt911/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  display_reset_pin: "10"
   interrupt_pin: "12"
   reset_pin: "13"
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  gt911: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/gt911/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/gt911/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 0c7f0bc504..efd5d9c2b1 100644
--- a/tests/components/gt911/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/gt911/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  display_reset_pin: "10"
   interrupt_pin: "20"
   reset_pin: "21"
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  gt911: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e9b567080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/binary_sensor/hoermann_hcp_binary_sensor.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// Nothing has been heard from the bus controller yet, so the sensor starts out seeded as disconnected.
+TEST(HoermannHcpBinarySensorTest, StartsDisconnected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor sensor(&door);
+  sensor.setup();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sensor.has_state());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sensor.state);
+}
+
+// The connection flag follows the bus controller in both directions.
+TEST(HoermannHcpBinarySensorTest, FollowsTheConnectionState) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor sensor(&door);
+  sensor.setup();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(sensor.state);
+
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sensor.state);
+
+  door.set_valid_(false);
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sensor.state);
+}
+
+// Any hub change re-runs the publish path, so an unchanged connection must not be reported twice.
+TEST(HoermannHcpBinarySensorTest, UnchangedConnectionIsPublishedOnce) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpConnectedBinarySensor sensor(&door);
+  sensor.setup();
+  int publishes = 0;
+  sensor.add_on_state_callback([&publishes](bool /*state*/) { publishes++; });
+
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+
+  // A status broadcast changes the door state without touching the connection.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c38bc1708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// The intermediate positions are named in the second register, which repeats that name on release.
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, VentButtonSendsTheVentCommand) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpVentButton vent(&door);
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  vent.press();
+
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x4000);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  auto [released, released_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released_2, 0x4000);
+}
+
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, HalfOpenButtonSendsTheHalfOpenCommand) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton half_open(&door);
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  half_open.press();
+
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0400);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  auto [released, released_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released_2, 0x0400);
+}
+
+// The door drives to the vent position on its own, so a position the cover was still travelling to must not
+// stop it on the way there.
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, VentAbandonsAnArmedTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;  // starts out fully closed
+  HoermannHcpVentButton vent(&door);
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  consume_command(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+
+  vent.press();
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  // Position 120/200 = 0.6 is past the abandoned target, which must no longer stop the door.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A button carries no state, so a refused press is simply dropped rather than fired once the controller
+// turns up, which could be much later.
+TEST(HoermannHcpButtonTest, PressWithoutABusControllerSendsNothing) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // never contacted by a bus controller
+  HoermannHcpVentButton vent(&door);
+
+  vent.press();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.h b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6151697f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <chrono>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+using modbus::RegisterValues;
+
+// Register block addresses the Hoermann bus controller polls (see hoermann_hcp.cpp).
+constexpr uint16_t COMMAND_REG = 0x9C41;
+constexpr uint16_t STATE_REG = 0x9CB9;
+constexpr uint16_t BROADCAST_REG = 0x9D31;
+
+// The tests shorten the key-press delay to zero, so the release only needs the millis() clock to tick on.
+constexpr auto KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED = std::chrono::milliseconds(2);
+
+inline RegisterValues make_registers(std::initializer_list<uint16_t> values) {
+  RegisterValues registers;
+  for (uint16_t value : values)
+    registers.push_back(value);
+  return registers;
+}
+
+// A status broadcast carrying the lamp register, which the door reports at index 6.
+inline RegisterValues lamp_broadcast(uint16_t lamp_reg) {
+  return make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, lamp_reg});
+}
+
+// The door only accepts commands once the bus controller has actually talked to it.
+inline void connect_controller(HoermannHcp &door) {
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000}));
+}
+
+// Runs one command poll (write 2 / read 8) and returns both key-press registers.
+inline std::pair<uint16_t, uint16_t> poll_command(HoermannHcp &door) {
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  RegisterValues response;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  if (response.size() != 8u)
+    return {0xFFFF, 0xFFFF};
+  return {response[2], response[3]};
+}
+
+// Presents and then releases the queued command, leaving the slot free.
+inline void consume_command(HoermannHcp &door) {
+  poll_command(door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(door);
+}
+
+// Exposes the internal timings and the connection bookkeeping, so no test has to wait out a real delay.
+class TestableHoermannHcp : public HoermannHcp {
+ public:
+  TestableHoermannHcp() { this->key_press_delay_ms_ = 0; }
+
+  using HoermannHcp::connection_timeout_ms_;
+  using HoermannHcp::is_light_toggle_pending_;
+  using HoermannHcp::light_toggle_released_at_;
+  using HoermannHcp::light_toggles_in_flight_;
+  using HoermannHcp::set_valid_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.yaml b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..618a8181bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+hoermann_hcp:
+  id: hoermann_hcp_hub
+  modbus_id: modbus_server_bus
+
+cover:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    name: Garage Door
+    device_class: garage
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    is_connected:
+      name: Garage Connected
+
+button:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    vent:
+      name: Garage Vent
+    half_open:
+      name: Garage Half Open
+
+light:
+  - platform: hoermann_hcp
+    name: Garage Light
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43ca47edb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/cover/hoermann_hcp_cover.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// Cover::position starts at COVER_OPEN, so a door that is already closed still has a state to publish.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, ClosedDoorPublishesItsInitialPosition) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  int publishes = 0;
+  cover.add_on_state_callback([&publishes]() { publishes++; });
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, cover::COVER_OPEN);
+
+  // Any request marks the device connected, which is itself a state change.
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  door.update();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, cover::COVER_CLOSED);
+}
+
+// Venting and half-open moves report no direction, so one is only derived once the position has moved.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, DirectionlessMoveHoldsTheOperationUntilThePositionMoves) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+
+  // Position 100/200 = 0.5, state 0x80 -> resting half open.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x8000}));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
+
+  // State 0x05 -> moving to half-open, but the position has not moved yet.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0500}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
+
+  // Position 120/200 = 0.6 is higher than before, so the door is opening.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0500}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, 0.6f);
+}
+
+// Booting while the door is already mid-move gives no baseline to compare against, so no direction
+// may be inferred from the first update.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, FirstDirectionlessMoveDoesNotGuessADirection) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+
+  // The very first thing seen is a half-open move already at 100/200 = 0.5.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0500}));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(cover.current_operation, cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
+}
+
+// A cover.open arrives as a position of 1.0, so it has to reach the door as a plain open command rather
+// than as a target the door would be stopped at.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, OpenCommandOpensTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_open().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+}
+
+// The same for cover.close, which arrives as a position of 0.0.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, CloseCommandClosesTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_close().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);  // COMMAND_CLOSE pressed
+}
+
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, ToggleCommandSendsAnImpulse) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_toggle().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, StopCommandStopsAMovingDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // The door is opening, so it takes an impulse to stop it.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_stop().perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+// A position between the end stops starts the door in the right direction; it is stopped there later.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, PositionCommandStartsTheDoorTowardsTheTarget) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // starts out fully closed
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  connect_controller(door);
+
+  cover.make_call().set_position(0.5f).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+}
+
+// A command the door cannot take is assumed to have worked by whoever sent it, so the unchanged state has
+// to be published back over that assumption.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, RefusedCommandPublishesTheUnchangedState) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // never contacted by a bus controller
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  int publishes = 0;
+  cover.add_on_state_callback([&publishes]() { publishes++; });
+
+  cover.make_call().set_command_close().perform();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(publishes, 1);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(cover.position, cover::COVER_OPEN);
+}
+
+// Nothing is published before the bus controller is heard from, so a door that never reaches the bus would
+// otherwise sit at its fully open default and look healthy.
+TEST(HoermannHcpCoverTest, MissingBusControllerIsFlaggedUntilFirstContact) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  HoermannHcpCover cover(&door);
+  cover.setup();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cover.status_has_warning());
+
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cover.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cc5301b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/hoermann_hcp_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+// An empty poll (write 2 / read 2) answers with the fixed status word 0x0004.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, EmptyPollReturnsStatusWord) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 2, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[0], 0x0004);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[1], 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A bus scan (write 3 / read 5) answers with the fixed device identification block.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, BusScanReturnsIdentification) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 5, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[1], 0x0005);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0430);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[3], 0x10ff);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[4], 0xa845);
+}
+
+// Without a queued command, the command poll (write 2 / read 8) reports idle and no key press.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, IdleCommandPollHasNoCommand) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[1], 0x0001);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[3], 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A queued control command is injected into the next command poll as a simulated key press.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, QueuedCommandIsInjectedIntoPoll) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000})).has_value());
+  RegisterValues response;
+  auto status = door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN "key pressed" value
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[3], 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A read of any other block is an addressing error rather than a successful all-zero reply.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, UnknownAddressIsRejected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  RegisterValues response;
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.on_read_holding_registers(0x1234, 2, response), modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.on_write_registers(0x1234, make_registers({0x0000})), modbus::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A command is held for the key-press duration, then released, and only then can the next one be queued.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, CommandIsReleasedAfterTheKeyPressDelay) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+  // Refused while one is pending: were it accepted, the release below would carry COMMAND_CLOSE's 0x0120.
+  door.close_door();
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);  // COMMAND_OPEN released
+  // With the command gone, the next one is accepted again.
+  door.close_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);  // COMMAND_CLOSE pressed
+}
+
+// Commands issued while the bus controller is absent are dropped instead of firing when it returns.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, CommandIsDroppedWhileDisconnected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  door.open_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Losing the controller must drop a command it never fetched, otherwise it blocks every later command
+// and fires unasked once the bus comes back.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, ConnectionLossDropsThePendingCommand) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+
+  door.set_valid_(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // The reconnecting poll must not replay the dropped command.
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+  // And the slot is free, so a new command is accepted.
+  door.close_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);
+}
+
+// The connection is dropped by update() once the controller stops polling, which is what releases a
+// command it never fetched in the field.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, PollingTimeoutDropsTheConnection) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  // Wide enough that a stall cannot expire the connection before the check below runs.
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 10000;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+
+  // Still inside the window: the controller counts as present.
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // Shrink the window so the expiry needs only a short sleep; overshooting it only makes it surer.
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  door.update();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_valid());
+  // The pending command went with the connection instead of firing on the reconnecting poll.
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Status broadcasts alone keep the connection alive, so a command the controller never fetches has to
+// expire on its own; otherwise it blocks every later command until the bus goes quiet entirely.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, UnfetchedCommandExpiresWhileConnected) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 200;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.open_door();
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(220));
+  // A status broadcast refreshes the connection without ever fetching the command.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // With the stale command gone, the door accepts commands again.
+  door.close_door();
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0220);
+}
+
+// The 0x17 read half echoes the message counter and command byte written to COMMAND_REG, packed
+// differently per block length.
+TEST(HoermannHcpReadWrite, CommandRegisterIsEchoedBack) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  // Counter 0x34 in the high byte, command 0x07 in the low byte.
+  door.on_write_registers(COMMAND_REG, make_registers({0x3407, 0x0000}));
+
+  RegisterValues command_poll;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, command_poll);
+  ASSERT_EQ(command_poll.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(command_poll[0], 0x3400);  // counter alone
+  EXPECT_EQ(command_poll[1], 0x0701);  // command in the high byte, status 0x01 in the low
+
+  RegisterValues empty_poll;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 2, empty_poll);
+  ASSERT_EQ(empty_poll.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_poll[0], 0x3404);  // status 0x04 shares the register with the counter here
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_poll[1], 0x0700);  // command alone
+
+  RegisterValues scan;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 5, scan);
+  ASSERT_EQ(scan.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scan[0], 0x3400);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scan[1], 0x0705);
+}
+
+// A status broadcast (function code 0x10 to 0x9D31) updates the decoded door state and position.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, BroadcastUpdatesStateAndPosition) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  // registers[1] low byte = position (value / 200), registers[2] high byte = state (0x01 -> opening).
+  auto status = door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+// The first broadcast has to be decoded even when it carries the register's initial value, otherwise a
+// door parked mid-travel at boot keeps the CLOSED default and reports itself fully closed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, FirstBroadcastReportingAStopIsDecoded) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  auto status = door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0000}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+// The vent position is reported as state 0x00 with low byte 0x61, so a change confined to the low byte of
+// the state register still has to be decoded.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, VentIsDecodedFromTheStateLowByte) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0061}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::VENT);
+}
+
+// A door parking a count short of its end stop must still report exactly closed or open, because
+// Cover::is_fully_closed() compares against 0.0 exactly.
+TEST(HoermannHcpWrite, EndStopsReportExactPositions) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  // Position register 1 of 200 while the door reports itself closed.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0001, 0x4000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSED);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.0f);
+
+  // Position register 199 of 200 while the door reports itself open.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x00C7, 0x2000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPEN);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 1.0f);
+
+  // Away from the end stops the raw count is reported as-is.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(door.get_current_position(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+// A position request below the lower snap threshold becomes a plain close command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, NearlyClosedTargetClosesTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.02f);
+  RegisterValues response;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0220);  // COMMAND_CLOSE "key pressed" value
+}
+
+// A half-open target starts the door moving towards the requested position.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, HalfOpenTargetOpensTheDoor) {
+  HoermannHcp door;  // starts out fully closed
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  RegisterValues response;
+  door.on_read_holding_registers(STATE_REG, 8, response);
+  ASSERT_EQ(response.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(response[2], 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN "key pressed" value
+}
+
+// The door has no notion of a target, so it is stopped with an impulse once it travels past the request.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetPositionStopsTheDoor) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);  // COMMAND_OPEN released
+
+  // Position 20/200 = 0.1 while opening: short of the target, so the door keeps going.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+
+  // Position 120/200 = 0.6 is past the target, so the door is stopped.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+// An impulse restarts a stopped door, so a frame reporting the stop and the target crossing at once
+// must be read as "already stopped" rather than "still opening".
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, StopReportedWithTheCrossingSendsNoImpulse) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPENING);
+
+  // Same frame: position 0.6 (past the target) and state 0x20 -> the door has reached its open end stop.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x2000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::OPEN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A target the door never reaches is dropped once it comes to rest, so a later move is not cut short.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetIsDroppedWhenTheDoorStopsShort) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  // The door is stopped at 0.3 by a wall button, short of the requested 0.5.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0014, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+
+  // A later manual open must run freely instead of being stopped at the abandoned target.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0050, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A target armed while the door is still travelling the other way must not be judged by that old direction,
+// otherwise the very next position it reports counts as reached and stops the door where it stands.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetArmedWhileMovingTheOtherWayWaitsForTheTurnaround) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // The door is closing, passing 60/200 = 0.3.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSING);
+
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);  // COMMAND_OPEN pressed
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);  // COMMAND_OPEN released
+
+  // Still closing at 58/200 = 0.29: below the target, but not on the way to it.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003A, 0x0200}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+
+  // Now opening at 62/200 = 0.31, still short of the target.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+
+  // Past the target at 110/200 = 0.55, so the door is stopped.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x006E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE pressed
+}
+
+// A motor turning around can report a momentary stop; dropping the target there would let the door run on
+// to the end stop that the reversing command asked for.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, MomentaryStopWhileTurningAroundKeepsTheTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSING);
+
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  // The stop reported on the way from closing to opening.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::STOPPED);
+
+  // The door then opens and still has to be stopped at the requested position.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x006E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0240);
+}
+
+// A door that never turns around has to lose the target as well, otherwise it would cut a later move short.
+TEST(HoermannHcpPosition, TargetIsDroppedWhenTheDoorNeverTurnsAround) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 200;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSING);
+
+  door.set_position(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0210);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0110);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(220));
+  // The door ignored the command and closed all the way. Its broadcast keeps the connection alive, so the
+  // target is the only thing that may expire here.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4000}));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.is_valid());
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.get_door_state(), DoorState::CLOSED);
+
+  // A later manual open must run freely instead of being stopped at the abandoned target.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003E, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x006E, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(poll_command(door).first, 0x0000);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light_test.cpp b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed7e81b279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,761 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/light/hoermann_hcp_light.h"
+
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Counts how often the platform is asked to write, so a publish that re-triggers itself becomes visible.
+class CountingHoermannHcpLight : public HoermannHcpLight {
+ public:
+  using HoermannHcpLight::HoermannHcpLight;
+
+  void write_state(light::LightState *state) override {
+    this->writes++;
+    HoermannHcpLight::write_state(state);
+  }
+
+  int writes{0};
+};
+
+// Drives the platform against a real LightState. ALWAYS_OFF keeps setup() clear of preferences.
+struct LightFixture {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  CountingHoermannHcpLight output{&door};
+  light::LightState state{&output};
+
+  explicit LightFixture(light::LightRestoreMode restore_mode = light::LIGHT_ALWAYS_OFF) {
+    this->state.set_restore_mode(restore_mode);
+    this->output.setup();
+    // setup() queues the restored state for write_state(); the first settle() below delivers it, which is the
+    // boot ordering tests need to be able to place around the bus controller coming up.
+    this->state.setup();
+  }
+
+  // Brings the bus controller up and lets the platform read the lamp once, which is what a device does before
+  // any user command can arrive.
+  void bring_up() {
+    connect_controller(this->door);
+    this->report_lamp(false);
+  }
+
+  // Issues a command the way Home Assistant would, then lets the state machine settle.
+  void command(bool on) {
+    auto call = this->state.make_call();
+    call.set_state(on);
+    call.perform();
+    this->settle();
+  }
+
+  // Delivers a status broadcast and runs the hub's notification pass.
+  void report_broadcast(const RegisterValues &registers) {
+    this->door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, registers);
+    this->pump();
+  }
+
+  void report_lamp(bool on) { this->report_broadcast(lamp_broadcast(on ? 0x0010 : 0x0000)); }
+
+  // Runs the hub's notification pass and lets the resulting publishes settle.
+  void pump() {
+    this->door.update();
+    this->settle();
+  }
+
+  void settle() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+      this->state.loop();
+  }
+
+  bool entity_on() { return this->state.remote_values.is_on(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The lamp state lives in the low byte of register 6; only 0x14 and 0x10 mean lit.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampStateIsDecodedFromTheBroadcast) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_light_on());
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0014));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(door.is_light_on());
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_light_on());
+}
+
+// The lamp command is the only one that drives the second command register, on both halves of the press.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampCommandUsesTheSecondRegister) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(door.is_light_on());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  auto [released, released_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released, 0x0800);
+  EXPECT_EQ(released_2, 0x0200);
+
+  // The command is spent, so the next poll carries nothing.
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Toggling the lamp must not disturb a cover position the door is still travelling to.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampToggleKeepsTheCoverTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  // Past the target: the door still has to be stopped despite the lamp command in between.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A lamp toggle occupies the single command slot, so a target stop falling due while it waits to be fetched
+// has to wait too. The target stays armed and the stop goes out on the next position report, which costs the
+// door a little overshoot but never loses the stop.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampToggleDelaysButDoesNotLoseTheTargetStop) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  // The door passes the target while the lamp toggle still holds the slot, so the lamp goes out first.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(door);
+
+  // The target survived the refusal, so the next position report still stops the door.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0079, 0x0100}));
+  auto [stop, stop_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stop, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE
+  EXPECT_EQ(stop_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// The target's start deadline is its own, so toggling the lamp cannot keep a stale target alive.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampToggleDoesNotExtendTheTargetWatchdog) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // The door is closing, so an opening target is armed but not yet under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0200}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);
+  door.update();
+
+  // The target expired on its own schedule, so a later opening move runs freely.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0050, 0x0100}));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Without a bus controller the command cannot be delivered, and the caller is told.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, LampCommandIsRefusedWhileDisconnected) {
+  HoermannHcp door;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.toggle_light());
+}
+
+// Switching the entity on sends one toggle, and the door's own report does not send a second.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, CommandTogglesOnceAndSettles) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // release, clearing the slot
+
+  // The lamp is now on, and the resulting broadcast must not queue another toggle.
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A broadcast arriving while a toggle is queued must not reconcile against the not-yet-inverted lamp, which
+// would cancel the user's own command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, BroadcastDuringPendingToggleKeepsTheCommand) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  // A door movement sets changed_, firing the state callback while the toggle is still queued.
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A lamp switched on at the door itself has to reach the entity.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, DoorDrivenChangeReachesTheEntity) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A refused command must leave the entity showing the lamp, not the request.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusedCommandRepublishesTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;  // never connected, so the hub refuses every command
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A reversing press once the toggle is already on the wire cannot stop it, so the entity has to end up
+// showing the lamp rather than the request that was refused.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusedPressAfterFetchShowsWhereTheLampIsHeading) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // the controller fetches the press, so it can no longer be cancelled
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // A door movement while the refused toggle is still on the wire must not pull the entity back either.
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The toggle lands and the door confirms it; the entity must already agree.
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// The lamp is only reported some time after the key press is released, so an unrelated door broadcast in
+// that gap must not publish the state the lamp is about to leave.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, DoorMovementDoesNotFlipTheEntityBeforeTheLampReports) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // release, so nothing is pending any more
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_on());  // the lamp has still not been reported
+
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0064, 0x0100}));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A toggle the controller never fetches is eventually dropped, and nothing else will ever report the lamp
+// moving, so the entity has to be brought back to what the lamp actually is.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, DroppedToggleReturnsTheEntityToTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The controller keeps broadcasting but never fetches the command, so the connection stays up.
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  fixture.pump();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// Losing the bus controller discards the queued toggle too, so the entity must not keep showing it once the
+// controller is back and still reporting the lamp unchanged.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ToggleLostWithTheConnectionReturnsTheEntityToTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.pump();  // the connection times out and the command goes with it
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// The lamp can be switched at the door while the bus is quiet, so what was read before an outage must not
+// decide whether a toggle is needed after it.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, LampIsNotTrustedAcrossAConnectionLoss) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+
+  // Back on the bus, but nothing has said what the lamp is doing yet.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A door that never reports the lamp leaves the entity unable to do anything, so it must not look healthy.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, UnreportedLampIsFlaggedOnTheEntity) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.output.status_has_warning());
+
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.output.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+// Two outstanding toggles leave the lamp where it started, so a third tap has to be judged against that and
+// withdraw the one still waiting rather than deciding nothing is needed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ThirdTapWithTwoTogglesOutstandingIsHonoured) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // the first toggle is released but not reported back
+  fixture.command(false);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  ASSERT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 2);
+
+  // Two toggles cancel out, so asking for on again means withdrawing the second one.
+  fixture.command(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// The boot replay is the first write and nothing else, so a real command arriving before the hub's next poll
+// must not be mistaken for it and swallowed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, CommandBeforeTheFirstPollIsNotMistakenForTheBootReplay) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.settle();  // the boot replay lands here, while the lamp is still unknown
+
+  // The first status broadcast arrives, but the hub has not polled yet, so no callback has fired.
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);  // COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+}
+
+// On boot the restored state is replayed through write_state() before the lamp has ever been read. A lamp
+// that is already on must not be switched off by that replay.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RestoredStateOnBootDoesNotCommandTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  // The controller is already up and reporting the lamp lit before the entity's first loop.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_on());
+
+  fixture.settle();
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+  // Once the platform has read the lamp the entity follows it, still without commanding anything.
+  fixture.pump();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// Bus traffic makes the connection valid without saying anything about the lamp, so a request arriving before
+// the first status broadcast must not be judged against a lamp state that was never read.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RequestBeforeTheLampIsReportedDoesNotCommandTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  // The controller polls for commands, which is enough to connect but carries no lamp register.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A toggle that has been released onto the wire is no longer pending, but the lamp has not reported it yet.
+// A reversing request in that window is a real request and has to be sent, not swallowed.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ReversingRequestAfterReleaseQueuesASecondToggle) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);  // released, so nothing is pending and the lamp is still unreported
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_on());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);  // COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The first toggle lands and is reported, but the entity is already heading for off.
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The second toggle lands too, and the lamp finally agrees with the request.
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(fixture.door);
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A refusal that has no toggle on the wire leaves nothing outstanding, so it must not latch the entity
+// against the next lamp change the door reports.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusalWithoutAToggleStillFollowsTheLamp) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_valid());
+
+  // Refused because the bus is down, so no toggle is heading for the lamp.
+  fixture.command(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // The controller returns and reports the lamp switched on at the door itself.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.report_lamp(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A lamp toggle carries no target, so dropping it unfetched must leave the cover's target alone.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, DroppedLampToggleKeepsTheCoverTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+
+  // The controller keeps broadcasting but stops fetching, so the lamp toggle expires on its own.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0050, 0x0100}));
+  door.update();
+
+  // The target survived the lamp toggle being dropped, so the door is still stopped on the way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0240);  // COMMAND_IMPULSE
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A door that takes the key press but never actually switches the lamp must not leave the entity showing the
+// request for ever; the wait has to end so the entity can settle back on what the door reports.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ToggleTheDoorIgnoresStopsBeingWaitedFor) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  consume_command(fixture.door);  // the door takes press and release, then does nothing
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);  // the lamp is still off, and keeps saying so
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A resting door's first broadcast changes nothing except the lamp finally being reported, so unless that
+// counts as a change the light never hears about it and swallows the first command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, FirstLampReportReachesTheEntity) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  // A command poll connects the controller without saying anything about the lamp.
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.pump();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  // Closed, at rest, lamp off: every field matches the defaults the hub started with.
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0100);  // COMMAND_TOGGLE_LAMP
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0200);
+}
+
+// A lost connection means the door can travel unwatched, so a target left armed would stop it long afterwards.
+// Which command happened to be in the slot must not change that.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, ConnectionLossWithALampTogglePendingClearsTheTarget) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  // Position 60/200 = 0.3 while opening, so a 0.5 target is armed and under way.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x003C, 0x0100}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.set_position(0.5f));
+  consume_command(door);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  door.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(door.is_valid());
+
+  // Back on the bus and travelling past where the target was: nothing should stop the door now.
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, make_registers({0x0000, 0x0078, 0x0100}));
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// Withdrawing a later toggle must not take the deadline of the one already on the wire with it, or a door
+// that never reports the lamp would leave the entity waiting for ever.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, WithdrawingALaterToggleKeepsTheWatchdogArmed) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 20;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  consume_command(fixture.door);  // the first toggle is released but never reported back
+  fixture.command(false);
+  ASSERT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 2);
+  fixture.command(true);  // withdraws the second, leaving the first outstanding
+  ASSERT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+
+  // The door still says nothing about the lamp, so the wait has to time out on its own.
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
+  fixture.report_lamp(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A request refused while the lamp is unknown must leave the entity idle. Republishing unconditionally would
+// re-enter write_state() on every loop, so the platform would never stop asking to be written.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RefusedRequestLeavesTheEntityIdle) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.settle();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  // The lamp is unknown and the entity already shows off, so asking for off cannot be serviced or displayed.
+  fixture.command(false);
+  const int settled_writes = fixture.output.writes;
+  fixture.settle();
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.output.writes, settled_writes);
+}
+
+// A door that acts on the key press and reports the lamp before the release is even fetched leaves nothing
+// outstanding. Arming the watchdog on that release anyway would leave it firing on every poll and abandoning
+// the next toggle the moment it is queued.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, ReleaseWithNothingOutstandingLeavesTheWatchdogDisarmed) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  poll_command(door);  // the door is shown the key press
+
+  // The door acts on it and reports the lamp straight away, which settles the count.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 0);
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(KEY_PRESS_ELAPSED);
+  poll_command(door);  // the release, with nothing left to wait for
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggle_released_at_, 0u);
+}
+
+// A restore mode that boots the entity on replays a lit state the door has never confirmed, so it has to be
+// adopted back to what is known rather than turned into a command.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, RestoredOnStateIsAdoptedNotCommanded) {
+  LightFixture fixture{light::LIGHT_ALWAYS_ON};
+  connect_controller(fixture.door);
+  fixture.settle();
+
+  auto [idle, idle_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(idle_2, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+// A reversing press before the toggle is fetched cancels it, so the lamp never moves.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, ReversingPressCancelsTheQueuedToggle) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+
+  fixture.command(true);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+
+  fixture.command(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.entity_on());
+
+  // Nothing is left for the controller to fetch, so the lamp stays off as asked.
+  auto [pressed, pressed_2] = poll_command(fixture.door);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed, 0x0000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pressed_2, 0x0000);
+}
+
+// A lamp switched at the door itself is not one of our toggles landing, so a toggle the door has not even
+// been shown has to keep counting.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, DoorSideLampChangeLeavesAnUnsentToggleCounted) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  // The toggle still in the slot will invert what the door just reported.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.is_light_heading_on());
+}
+
+// Once the toggles left over are all still waiting in the slot, nothing the door has seen is outstanding,
+// so the wait has to end rather than time out against toggles the door was never shown.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, SettlingTheLastSentToggleEndsTheWait) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);             // shown to the door, so the wait for a lamp report starts
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());  // queued behind it, never shown
+  ASSERT_NE(door.light_toggle_released_at_, 0u);
+
+  // The door reports the lamp change the first toggle caused, leaving only the unsent one.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggle_released_at_, 0u);
+}
+
+// The watchdog gives up on the toggles the door was shown, but one still waiting in the command slot is
+// going to fire, so it keeps counting.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, WatchdogKeepsAToggleTheDoorHasNotSeen) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  // Wide enough that the toggle queued after the sleep cannot expire before update() runs.
+  door.connection_timeout_ms_ = 200;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  consume_command(door);  // shown to the door, which then says nothing about the lamp
+
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(220));
+  // Queued just now, so only the wait for the first toggle is overdue.
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+  door.update();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(door.is_light_toggle_pending_());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(door.is_light_heading_on());
+}
+
+// Only the parity of the outstanding count says where the lamp is heading, so the count must not run away.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightTest, TogglesAreRefusedOnceTooManyAreOutstanding) {
+  TestableHoermannHcp door;
+  connect_controller(door);
+  door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0000));
+
+  // The door takes every key press but never reports the lamp, so nothing is ever confirmed.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(door.toggle_light());
+    consume_command(door);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(door.toggle_light());
+  EXPECT_EQ(door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 4);
+}
+
+// A controller that stops carrying the lamp register leaves nothing refreshing it, so the entity has to flag
+// itself rather than command against what was read before.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, BroadcastWithoutTheLampRegisterMarksItUnknown) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+
+  fixture.report_broadcast(make_registers({0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4000}));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fixture.door.is_light_known());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.output.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+// A publish of ours only reaches write_state() a loop pass later. If the lamp changed at the door in that
+// gap, the write still carries the old value and must not be taken for a request to invert the lamp.
+TEST(HoermannHcpLightPlatformTest, PublishOvertakenByTheLampIsNotARequest) {
+  LightFixture fixture;
+  fixture.bring_up();
+  // A door command holds the only command slot, so the request below is refused and the lamp published back.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(fixture.door.open_door());
+
+  auto call = fixture.state.make_call();
+  call.set_state(true);
+  call.perform();
+  fixture.state.loop();  // the refusal happens here and schedules the publish for a later pass
+
+  // The slot frees up and the lamp is switched on at the door before that publish arrives.
+  consume_command(fixture.door);
+  fixture.door.on_write_registers(BROADCAST_REG, lamp_broadcast(0x0010));
+  fixture.settle();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(fixture.door.light_toggles_in_flight_, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fixture.entity_on());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce3aa2437a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus_server: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml
+  hoermann_hcp: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f7ba81b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hoermann_hcp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus_server: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  hoermann_hcp: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
index 71a7ac65c2..1099f7ea85 100644
--- a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ esphome:
           data_template:
             message: The humidity is {{ my_variable }}%.
           variables:
-            my_variable: "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
+            my_variable: !lambda "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
       - homeassistant.action:
           action: notify.html5
           data:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ esphome:
           data_template:
             message: The humidity is {{ my_variable }}%.
           variables:
-            my_variable: "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
+            my_variable: !lambda "return id(ha_hello_world_temperature).state;"
 
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
diff --git a/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml b/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml
index 46d4b88ec5..4b3c2ca36b 100644
--- a/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml
@@ -59,6 +59,24 @@ esphome:
                   id: test_regression_light
                   brightness: 100%
                   effect: "None"
+      - http_request.get:
+          url: https://esphome.io
+          capture_response: true
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              # Regression test: http_request.post with json: (dict variant) inside
+              # on_response of a capture_response: true request puts std::string&
+              # (body) into the nested action's Ts..., which exposes a
+              # const-correctness bug in HttpRequestSendAction::play() where
+              # encode_json_ receives const copies of non-const reference args.
+              - http_request.post:
+                  url: https://esphome.io
+                  json:
+                    status: "ok"
+              # Same with json: lambda variant, exercises json_func_ path
+              - http_request.post:
+                  url: https://esphome.io
+                  json: !lambda "root[\"status\"] = \"ok\";"
 
 http_request:
   useragent: esphome/tagreader
diff --git a/tests/components/image/common.yaml b/tests/components/image/common.yaml
index 9819068970..5a8f938319 100644
--- a/tests/components/image/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/image/common.yaml
@@ -1,85 +1,104 @@
 image:
-  - id: binary_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: binary_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: BINARY
     dither: FloydSteinberg
-  - id: transparent_transparent_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: transparent_transparent_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: BINARY
     transparency: chroma_key
 
-  - id: rgba_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgba_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: RGB
     transparency: alpha_channel
     resize: 50x50
-  - id: rgb24_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb24_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: RGB
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - id: rgb_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: RGB
     transparency: opaque
 
-  - id: rgb565_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb565_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: RGB565
     transparency: opaque
-  - id: rgb565_ck_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb565_ck_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: RGB565
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - id: rgb565_alpha_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb565_alpha_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: RGB565
     transparency: alpha_channel
 
-  - id: grayscale_alpha_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: grayscale_alpha_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: grayscale
     transparency: alpha_channel
     resize: 50x50
-  - id: grayscale_ck_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: grayscale_ck_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: grayscale
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - id: grayscale_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: grayscale_image
     file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: grayscale
     transparency: opaque
 
-  - id: web_svg_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: web_svg_image
     file: https://media.esphome.io/logo/logo.svg
     resize: 256x48
     type: BINARY
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - id: web_tiff_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: web_tiff_image
     file: https://media.esphome.io/tests/images/SIPI_Jelly_Beans_4.1.07.tiff
     type: RGB
     resize: 48x48
-  - id: web_redirect_image
+  - platform: file
+    id: web_redirect_image
     file: https://media.esphome.io/logo/logo.png
     type: RGB
     resize: 48x48
-  - id: mdi_alert
+  - platform: file
+    id: mdi_alert
     type: BINARY
     file: mdi:alert-circle-outline
     resize: 50x50
-  - id: another_alert_icon
+  - platform: file
+    id: another_alert_icon
     file: mdi:alert-outline
     type: BINARY
-  - file: mdil:arrange-bring-to-front
+  - platform: file
+    file: mdil:arrange-bring-to-front
     id: mdil_id
     resize: 50x50
     type: binary
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - file: mdi:beer
+  - platform: file
+    file: mdi:beer
     id: mdi_id
     resize: 50x50
     type: binary
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - file: memory:alert-octagon
+  - platform: file
+    file: memory:alert-octagon
     id: memory_id
     resize: 50x50
     type: binary
diff --git a/tests/components/image/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/image/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 492b57c449..939a3ac39b 100644
--- a/tests/components/image/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/image/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ display:
     invert_colors: true
 
 image:
-  defaults:
+  - platform: file
+    id: test_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
     type: rgb565
     transparency: opaque
     byte_order: little_endian
     resize: 50x50
     dither: FloydSteinberg
-  images:
-    - id: test_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
diff --git a/tests/components/image/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/test.host.yaml
index aa45497088..455d41d0c2 100644
--- a/tests/components/image/test.host.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/image/test.host.yaml
@@ -7,43 +7,60 @@ display:
       height: 480
 
 image:
-  binary:
-    - id: binary_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      dither: FloydSteinberg
-    - id: transparent_transparent_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: chroma_key
-  rgb:
-    alpha_channel:
-      - id: rgba_image
-        file: ../../pnglogo.png
-        resize: 50x50
-    chroma_key:
-      - id: rgb24_image
-        file: ../../pnglogo.png
-        type: RGB
-    opaque:
-      - id: rgb_image
-        file: ../../pnglogo.png
-  rgb565:
-    - id: rgb565_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: opaque
-    - id: rgb565_ck_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: chroma_key
-    - id: rgb565_alpha_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: alpha_channel
-  grayscale:
-    - id: grayscale_alpha_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: alpha_channel
-      resize: 50x50
-    - id: grayscale_ck_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: chroma_key
-    - id: grayscale_image
-      file: ../../pnglogo.png
-      transparency: opaque
+  - platform: file
+    id: binary_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: binary
+    dither: FloydSteinberg
+  - platform: file
+    id: transparent_transparent_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: binary
+    transparency: chroma_key
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgba_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: rgb
+    transparency: alpha_channel
+    resize: 50x50
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb24_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: RGB
+    transparency: chroma_key
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: rgb
+    transparency: opaque
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb565_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: rgb565
+    transparency: opaque
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb565_ck_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: rgb565
+    transparency: chroma_key
+  - platform: file
+    id: rgb565_alpha_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: rgb565
+    transparency: alpha_channel
+  - platform: file
+    id: grayscale_alpha_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: grayscale
+    transparency: alpha_channel
+    resize: 50x50
+  - platform: file
+    id: grayscale_ck_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: grayscale
+    transparency: chroma_key
+  - platform: file
+    id: grayscale_image
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: grayscale
+    transparency: opaque
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate-defaults.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate-defaults.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16ea9e7b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate-defaults.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Legacy top-level `image:` defaults/images form (deprecated; migrates to
+# `platform: file`). Config-only test exercising the deprecation/migration path,
+# including the per-type byte_order drop when an entry overrides to a non-endian
+# type (binary).
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  defaults:
+    type: rgb565
+    transparency: opaque
+    byte_order: little_endian
+    resize: 50x50
+    dither: FloydSteinberg
+  images:
+    - id: legacy_defaults_image
+      file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    - id: legacy_defaults_binary
+      file: ../../pnglogo.png
+      type: binary
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate-grouped-single.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate-grouped-single.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b6ff3d576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate-grouped-single.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Legacy top-level `image:` structured form using single-dict (non-list) values
+# for `images:`, a type group, and a transparency group -- the old `ensure_list`
+# accepted a bare dict in each of these places. Deprecated; migrates to
+# `platform: file`. Config-only test exercising the deprecation/migration path.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  images:
+    id: legacy_images_single_dict
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: rgb565
+  rgb565:
+    id: legacy_grouped_type_single_dict
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+  rgb:
+    alpha_channel:
+      id: legacy_grouped_transparency_single_dict
+      file: ../../pnglogo.png
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate-grouped.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate-grouped.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f85aa7ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate-grouped.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Legacy top-level `image:` type-grouped form (deprecated; migrates to
+# `platform: file`). Config-only test exercising the deprecation/migration path.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  binary:
+    - id: legacy_grouped_binary
+      file: ../../pnglogo.png
+  rgb:
+    alpha_channel:
+      - id: legacy_grouped_rgba
+        file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    opaque:
+      - id: legacy_grouped_rgb
+        file: ../../pnglogo.png
+  rgb565:
+    - id: legacy_grouped_rgb565
+      file: ../../pnglogo.png
+      transparency: chroma_key
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1b3037cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate-platform-defaults.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# `platform: file` entry using the `defaults:`/`files:` shape, including the
+# per-type byte_order drop when an entry overrides to a non-endian type.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  - platform: file
+    defaults:
+      type: rgb565
+      transparency: opaque
+      byte_order: little_endian
+      resize: 50x50
+      dither: FloydSteinberg
+    files:
+      - id: platform_defaults_image
+        file: ../../pnglogo.png
+      - id: platform_defaults_binary
+        file: ../../pnglogo.png
+        type: binary
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate-single.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate-single.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52a945fb67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate-single.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Legacy top-level `image:` single-dict form (a bare image dict instead of a
+# list; deprecated, migrates to `platform: file`). Config-only test exercising
+# the deprecation/migration path.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  id: legacy_single_image
+  file: ../../pnglogo.png
+  type: RGB565
+  transparency: opaque
diff --git a/tests/components/image/validate.host.yaml b/tests/components/image/validate.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa821ea7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/image/validate.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Legacy top-level `image:` list form (deprecated; migrates to `platform: file`).
+# Config-only test exercising the deprecation/migration path.
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+image:
+  - id: legacy_list_binary
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: BINARY
+  - id: legacy_list_rgb565
+    file: ../../pnglogo.png
+    type: RGB565
+    transparency: alpha_channel
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..618b4ff879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:11
+    temperature:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml
index ba46b7dbf6..50c977cf8d 100644
--- a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:11
     temperature:
       name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d37c8d318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  inkbird_ibsth1_mini: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ea63c2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:11
+    temperature:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Inkbird IBS-TH1 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: inkbird_ibsth1_mini
+    mac_address: 38:81:D7:0A:9C:12
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Inkbird Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml b/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee881bd787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ld6002b/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+ld6002b:
+  id: ld6002b_radar
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO14
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    target_count:
+      name: Target Count
+    point_count:
+      name: Point Count
+    target_1:
+      x:
+        name: Target-1 X
+      y:
+        name: Target-1 Y
+      z:
+        name: Target-1 Z
+      doppler_index:
+        name: Target-1 Dop
+      cluster_id:
+        name: Target-1 Cluster
+    target_2:
+      x:
+        name: Target-2 X
+      y:
+        name: Target-2 Y
+      z:
+        name: Target-2 Z
+      doppler_index:
+        name: Target-2 Dop
+      cluster_id:
+        name: Target-2 Cluster
+    target_3:
+      x:
+        name: Target-3 X
+      y:
+        name: Target-3 Y
+      z:
+        name: Target-3 Z
+      doppler_index:
+        name: Target-3 Dop
+      cluster_id:
+        name: Target-3 Cluster
+    interference_area_0:
+      x_min:
+        name: Interference-0 X Min
+      x_max:
+        name: Interference-0 X Max
+      y_min:
+        name: Interference-0 Y Min
+      y_max:
+        name: Interference-0 Y Max
+      z_min:
+        name: Interference-0 Z Min
+      z_max:
+        name: Interference-0 Z Max
+    detection_area_0:
+      x_min:
+        name: Detection-0 X Min
+      x_max:
+        name: Detection-0 X Max
+      y_min:
+        name: Detection-0 Y Min
+      y_max:
+        name: Detection-0 Y Max
+      z_min:
+        name: Detection-0 Z Min
+      z_max:
+        name: Detection-0 Z Max
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    target:
+      name: Presence
+    target_1:
+      name: Target-1 Presence
+    detection_area_0:
+      name: Detection Area-0 Presence
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    work_mode:
+      name: Work Mode
+    ota_version:
+      name: OTA Version
+
+number:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    hold_delay:
+      name: Hold Delay
+    z_min:
+      name: Z Min
+    z_max:
+      name: Z Max
+    low_power_sleep_time:
+      name: Low Power Sleep
+    area_config:
+      x_min:
+        name: Area X Min
+      x_max:
+        name: Area X Max
+      y_min:
+        name: Area Y Min
+      y_max:
+        name: Area Y Max
+      z_min:
+        name: Area Z Min
+      z_max:
+        name: Area Z Max
+
+select:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    sensitivity:
+      name: Sensitivity
+    trigger_speed:
+      name: Trigger Speed
+    installation_mode:
+      name: Installation
+    area_id:
+      name: Area ID
+
+switch:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    low_power:
+      name: Low Power
+    point_cloud:
+      name: Point Cloud
+    target_display:
+      name: Target Display
+
+button:
+  - platform: ld6002b
+    ld6002b_id: ld6002b_radar
+    apply_area:
+      name: Apply Area
+    auto_interference:
+      name: Auto Interference
+    get_areas:
+      name: Get Areas
+    clear_interference:
+      name: Clear Interference
+    reset_detection_area:
+      name: Reset Detection
+    get_delay:
+      name: Get Delay
+    get_sensitivity:
+      name: Get Sensitivity
+    get_trigger_speed:
+      name: Get Trigger Speed
+    get_z_range:
+      name: Get Z Range
+    get_installation:
+      name: Get Installation
+    get_low_power_mode:
+      name: Get Low Power Mode
+    get_low_power_sleep_time:
+      name: Get Low Power Sleep
+    reset_unattended:
+      name: Reset Unattended
+    wake:
+      name: Wake
diff --git a/tests/components/ld6002b/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ld6002b/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d26ef5c348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ld6002b/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
+  ld6002b: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ld6002b/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ld6002b/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8846b4ab50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ld6002b/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  ld6002b: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ld6002b/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ld6002b/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4edcb6965e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ld6002b/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  ld6002b: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
index 60521b8088..08f5f39810 100644
--- a/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
-esphome:
-  on_boot:
-    then:
-      - light.toggle: test_binary_light
-
 output:
   - platform: gpio
     id: light_test_binary
-    pin: 0
+    pin: 12
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_1
+    pin: 13
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_2
+    pin:
+      number: 14
+      inverted: true
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_3
+    pin: 15
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_4
+    pin: 16
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_5
+    pin: 17
 
-light:
-  - platform: binary
-    id: test_binary_light
-    name: Binary Light
-    output: light_test_binary
-    effects:
-      - strobe:
-    on_state:
-      - logger.log: Binary light state changed
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml b/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
index 60521b8088..08f5f39810 100644
--- a/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/light/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
-esphome:
-  on_boot:
-    then:
-      - light.toggle: test_binary_light
-
 output:
   - platform: gpio
     id: light_test_binary
-    pin: 0
+    pin: 12
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_1
+    pin: 13
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_2
+    pin:
+      number: 14
+      inverted: true
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_3
+    pin: 15
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_4
+    pin: 16
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: test_ledc_5
+    pin: 17
 
-light:
-  - platform: binary
-    id: test_binary_light
-    name: Binary Light
-    output: light_test_binary
-    effects:
-      - strobe:
-    on_state:
-      - logger.log: Binary light state changed
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/light/test_light_call_brightness.cpp b/tests/components/light/test_light_call_brightness.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c5dffd2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/light/test_light_call_brightness.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_call.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_state.h"
+
+namespace esphome::light::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A light that only supports ON_OFF, like the `binary` platform and `status_led`.
+class OnOffOutput : public LightOutput {
+ public:
+  LightTraits get_traits() override {
+    LightTraits traits;
+    traits.set_supported_color_modes({ColorMode::ON_OFF});
+    return traits;
+  }
+  void write_state(LightState *state) override {}
+};
+
+// A dimmable light, like the `monochromatic` platform.
+class BrightnessOutput : public LightOutput {
+ public:
+  LightTraits get_traits() override {
+    LightTraits traits;
+    traits.set_supported_color_modes({ColorMode::BRIGHTNESS});
+    return traits;
+  }
+  void write_state(LightState *state) override {}
+};
+
+// validate_() is where zero brightness is resolved against the light's capabilities.
+class TestableLightCall : public LightCall {
+ public:
+  using LightCall::LightCall;
+  using LightCall::validate_;
+};
+
+bool as_binary(const LightColorValues &values) {
+  bool binary;
+  values.as_binary(&binary);
+  return binary;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// An ON/OFF light has no "on but dark" state, so a zero brightness -- how effects encode
+// their dark phase -- must turn the light off. Regression test for
+// https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/17873.
+TEST(LightCallOnOff, ZeroBrightnessTurnsOutputOff) {
+  OnOffOutput output;
+  LightState state(&output);
+  TestableLightCall call(&state);
+
+  call.set_state(true).set_brightness(0.0f);
+  auto values = call.validate_();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(as_binary(values));
+}
+
+// The zero must not be stored, or no later turn-on could clear it: the capability check in
+// validate_() drops any brightness an ON/OFF light doesn't support, so a stored zero would
+// leave the light permanently off.
+TEST(LightCallOnOff, ZeroBrightnessIsNotStored) {
+  OnOffOutput output;
+  LightState state(&output);
+
+  TestableLightCall dark_call(&state);
+  dark_call.set_state(true).set_brightness(0.0f);
+  state.remote_values = dark_call.validate_();
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(state.remote_values.get_brightness(), 1.0f);
+
+  // A plain turn-on afterwards must switch the light back on.
+  TestableLightCall on_call(&state);
+  on_call.set_state(true);
+  auto values = on_call.validate_();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(as_binary(values));
+}
+
+// A plain turn-on with no brightness must still light up.
+TEST(LightCallOnOff, PlainTurnOnIsVisible) {
+  OnOffOutput output;
+  LightState state(&output);
+  TestableLightCall call(&state);
+
+  call.set_state(true);
+  auto values = call.validate_();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(as_binary(values));
+}
+
+TEST(LightCallOnOff, TurnOffTurnsOutputOff) {
+  OnOffOutput output;
+  LightState state(&output);
+  TestableLightCall call(&state);
+
+  call.set_state(false);
+  auto values = call.validate_();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(as_binary(values));
+}
+
+// A dimmable light can represent "on but dark", so zero brightness must be kept as-is and
+// must not be rewritten into a turn-off.
+TEST(LightCallBrightness, ZeroBrightnessStaysOnButDark) {
+  BrightnessOutput output;
+  LightState state(&output);
+  TestableLightCall call(&state);
+
+  call.set_state(true).set_brightness(0.0f);
+  auto values = call.validate_();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(values.is_on());
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values.get_brightness(), 0.0f);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::light::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c466c2a4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ln882h_ble:
+  enable_on_boot: true
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08cb35b3d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6df6f6f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker
+  scan_parameters:
+    # Boundary coverage: the documented 2.5 ms floor on window (expressible only
+    # via the microsecond-accurate validation), a non-round interval exercising the
+    # 0.625 ms unit conversion without collapsing onto the window's unit count,
+    # and the non-continuous config path.
+    interval: 5000us
+    window: 2500us
+    duration: 5min
+    active: false
+    continuous: false
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aba02147c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker
+  scan_parameters:
+    interval: 100ms
+    window: 50ms
+    duration: 5min
+    continuous: true
+
+# Pulls in USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER so the OTA scan-pause path compiles in CI
+# (same coverage arrangement as the rp2_ble_tracker tests).
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/test-automations.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/test-automations.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3cd3ce28b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/test-automations.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.start_scan
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: !lambda return false;
+      - ln882h_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+
+ln882h_ble_tracker:
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of service data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Scan ended");
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a9efad314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc5790e3b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include common-boundary.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/logger/test-uart0_no_logging.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/logger/test-uart0_no_logging.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76444a2e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/logger/test-uart0_no_logging.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-uart0_no_logging.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/common.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/common.yaml
index f500002f40..b4d5fe0387 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/common.yaml
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ binary_sensor:
             animation: move_right
             time: 600ms
   - platform: lvgl
-    id: button_checker
-    name: LVGL button
+    id: common_button_checker
+    name: Common button
     widget: spin_up
     on_state:
       then:
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
index 7af058e6b8..57be4e9043 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
@@ -24,20 +24,6 @@ binary_sensor:
     name: Button A checked
     widget: button_a
     state: checked
-  - platform: lvgl
-    id: button_checker
-    name: LVGL button
-    widget: button_button
-    state: checked
-    on_state:
-      then:
-        - lvgl.checkbox.update:
-            id: checkbox_id
-            state:
-              checked: !lambda |-
-                  auto y = x; // block inlining of one line return
-                  return y;
-
   - platform: lvgl
     id: button_presser
     name: Button pressed
@@ -49,6 +35,9 @@ lvgl:
   rotation: 90
   log_level: debug
   resume_on_input: true
+  paused: true
+  update_when_display_idle: true
+  refresh_interval: 30ms
   on_pause:
     - logger.log: LVGL is Paused
     - lvgl.display.set_rotation: 90
@@ -57,6 +46,40 @@ lvgl:
     - lvgl.display.set_rotation:
         rotation: 0
         lvgl_id: lvgl_id
+    - lvgl.display.set_rotation:
+        rotation: !lambda "return 180;"
+        lvgl_id: lvgl_id
+  on_landscape:
+    - logger.log: LVGL display is now landscape
+    # Re-layout a container in response to orientation changes. The layout type
+    # and grid structure are fixed at creation; only the style options change.
+    - lvgl.widget.update:
+        id: grid_rows_only_shorthand
+        layout:
+          grid_column_align: center
+          grid_row_align: space_between
+          pad_row: 4px
+    - lvgl.update:
+        top_layer:
+          layout:
+            flex_flow: row
+  on_portrait:
+    - logger.log: LVGL display is now portrait
+    - lvgl.widget.update:
+        id: grid_rows_only_shorthand
+        layout:
+          grid_column_align: start
+          pad_row: 2px
+    # Top-level layout applies to the active screen
+    - lvgl.update:
+        layout:
+          flex_flow: column
+          pad_row: 8px
+    - lvgl.update:
+        top_layer:
+          layout:
+            flex_flow: column
+            flex_align_main: center
 
   on_boot:
     - logger.log: LVGL has started
@@ -64,6 +87,12 @@ lvgl:
         id: meter_arc_indicator
         start_value: 0
         end_value: 180
+    - lvgl.animation.start:
+        id:
+          - anim_slide
+          - anim_color
+        duration: 3s
+        loop: true
   on_invalidate_area:
     logger.log: Invalidate area
   on_resolution_change:
@@ -108,6 +137,53 @@ lvgl:
       - obj:
           bg_color: 0x000000
           bg_opa: cover
+  top_layer:
+    widgets:
+      - obj:
+          id: anim_box
+          x: 0
+          y: 0
+          width: 50
+          height: 50
+          bg_color: 0xFF0000
+      - label:
+          id: anim_label
+          text: anim
+  animations:
+    - id: anim_slide
+      duration: 1s
+      start_delay: 100ms
+      auto_start: true
+      loop: true
+      timing: ease_in_out
+      on_start:
+        - logger.log: anim started
+      on_stop:
+        - logger.log: anim stopped
+      widgets:
+        - id: anim_box
+          x:
+            from: 0
+            to: 100
+          y:
+            from: 0
+            to: !lambda "return 80;"
+          opa:
+            from: 50%
+            to: 100%
+    - id: anim_color
+      duration: 2s
+      timing:
+        - type: round_trip
+          pause: 0.5
+        - type: gravity
+          bounce: 0.3
+          acceleration: 0.8
+      widgets:
+        - id: anim_label
+          text_color:
+            from: 0xFF0000
+            to: color_id
   theme:
     dark_mode: true
     obj:
@@ -210,13 +286,37 @@ lvgl:
           on_click:
             then:
               - lvgl.display.set_rotation: 0
+              - lvgl.animation.stop: anim_slide
+              - lvgl.animation.stop:
+                  id:
+                    - anim_slide
+                    - anim_color
               - lvgl.widget.hide: message_box
               - lvgl.style.update:
                   id: style_test
                   bg_color: blue
                   bg_opa: !lambda return 0.5;
+              # `obj` is already themed above -- exercises updating an existing hidden style.
+              - lvgl.theme.update:
+                  obj:
+                    border_width: 2
+              # `label` is never mentioned under `theme:` -- exercises lazily creating the
+              # hidden style and getting it attached to already-built label widgets.
+              - lvgl.theme.update:
+                  label:
+                    text_color: red
+              # `button` is never mentioned under `theme:`, and only a non-default state is
+              # targeted here -- exercises that no spurious, empty main/default style is
+              # created (and attached to every button) alongside the requested one.
+              - lvgl.theme.update:
+                  button:
+                    pressed:
+                      bg_color: red
               - lvgl.image.update:
                   id: lv_image
+                  src:
+                    mapping: image_map
+                    value: !lambda return round(1.0);
                   scale: !lambda return 512;
                   rotation: !lambda return 100;
                   pivot_x: !lambda return 20;
@@ -342,9 +442,16 @@ lvgl:
             text_font: montserrat_40
             border_post: true
             on_press:
-              lvgl.label.update:
-                id: hello_label
-                text: Goodbye
+              - lvgl.label.update:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  text:
+                    mapping: lvgl_string_map
+                    value: !lambda return 2;
+              - lvgl.label.update:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  text:
+                    mapping: lvgl_string_map
+                    value: 2
             on_click:
               then:
                 - lvgl.animimg.stop: anim_img
@@ -650,7 +757,25 @@ lvgl:
             on_defocus:
               lvgl.widget.hide: hello_label
             on_focus:
-              logger.log: Button clicked
+              - logger.log: Button clicked
+              - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  position: top
+              - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  position: bottom
+              - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  position: up
+              - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  position: down
+              - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  position: 1
+              - lvgl.widget.set_z_index:
+                  id: hello_label
+                  position: -1
             on_scroll:
               logger.log: Button clicked
             on_scroll_end:
@@ -1056,6 +1181,38 @@ lvgl:
                 - logger.log:
                     format: "bar value %f"
                     args: [x]
+        - table:
+            id: table_id
+            align: top_mid
+            y: 60
+            columns:
+              - width: 40%
+              - width: 80
+            rows:
+              - ["Name", "Value"]
+              - cells:
+                  - text: "Temp"
+                    merge_right: true
+                  - text: "22.5"
+                    text_crop: true
+            selected_row: 0
+            on_value:
+              then:
+                - logger.log:
+                    format: "table selected row %u col %u"
+                    args: [row, column]
+            on_click:
+              then:
+                - lvgl.table.cell.update:
+                    id: table_id
+                    row: 1
+                    column: 1
+                    text: !lambda return str_sprintf("%.1f", (float) rand() / RAND_MAX * 100);
+                    merge_right: false
+                - lvgl.table.update:
+                    id: table_id
+                    selected_row: !lambda return (int) ((float) rand() / RAND_MAX * 2);
+                    selected_column: 0
         - line:
             id: lv_line_id
             align: center
@@ -1089,6 +1246,64 @@ lvgl:
             id: checkbox_id
             text: Checkbox
             align: bottom_right
+        - list:
+            id: test_list_id
+            align: top_right
+            width: 150px
+            height: 120px
+            pad_row: 4
+            on_add:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "list entry added at %d"
+                  args: [list_index]
+            on_remove:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "list entry removed at %d"
+                  args: [list_index]
+            on_click:
+              - lvgl.list.add_text:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  text: !lambda return "Section";
+              - lvgl.list.add_text:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  text: "Pinned section"
+                  index: 0
+              - lvgl.list.add:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  button:
+                    text: "Entry"
+                    checkable: true
+              - lvgl.list.add:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  index: 1
+                  obj:
+                    widgets:
+                      - label:
+                          text: !lambda return "Dynamic row " + std::to_string(millis());
+                      - button:
+                          widgets:
+                            - label:
+                                text: "Tap"
+                          on_click:
+                            - lambda: |-
+                                ESP_LOGD("lvgl", "dynamic row button clicked, row %d",
+                                    lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(id(test_list_id), static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(event))));
+                      - dropdown:
+                          options:
+                            - "One"
+                            - "Two"
+                          on_value:
+                            - lambda: |-
+                                ESP_LOGD("lvgl", "dynamic row dropdown changed, row %d",
+                                    lvgl::lv_list_get_row_index(id(test_list_id), static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(event))));
+              - lvgl.list.remove:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  index: 0
+              - lvgl.list.clear:
+                  id: test_list_id
+              - lvgl.list.update:
+                  id: test_list_id
+                  pad_row: 8
         - slider:
             id: slider_id
             align: top_mid
@@ -1433,23 +1648,41 @@ font:
 
 image:
   - id: cat_image
+    platform: file
     resize: 256x48
     file: $component_dir/logo-text.svg
     type: RGB565
     transparency: alpha_channel
   - id: dog_image
+    platform: file
     file: $component_dir/logo-text.svg
     resize: 256x48
     type: BINARY
     transparency: chroma_key
 
   - id: alert
+    platform: file
     file: $component_dir/logo-text.svg
     type: grayscale
     resize: 100x100
     invert_alpha: true
     transparency: alpha_channel
 
+mapping:
+  - id: image_map
+    from: int
+    to: image
+    entries:
+      0: cat_image
+      1: dog_image
+  - id: lvgl_string_map
+    from: int
+    to: string
+    entries:
+      0: "First"
+      1: "Second"
+      2: "Third"
+
 color:
   - id: light_blue
     hex: "3340FF"
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 79ea06f16a..d938017fd9 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 packages:
-  lvgl: !include lvgl-package.yaml
+  lvgl_package: !include lvgl-package.yaml
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+  lvgl: !include common.yaml
 
 sensor:
   - platform: rotary_encoder
@@ -77,5 +78,3 @@ lvgl:
     - component.update: tft_display
     - delay: 60s
     - lvgl.resume:
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/test.host.yaml
index 6328648fe3..3fa54fa3d6 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/test.host.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/test.host.yaml
@@ -22,6 +22,36 @@ lvgl:
     displays: sdl0
     rotation: 180
     top_layer:
+    widgets:
+      - obj:
+          id: anim_box
+          x: 0
+          y: 0
+          width: 40
+          height: 40
+          bg_color: 0xFF0000
+    animations:
+      - id: anim_slide
+        duration: 1s
+        start_delay: 100ms
+        auto_start: true
+        loop: true
+        timing:
+          - round_trip
+          - type: ease_in_out
+            weight: 0.5
+        on_start:
+          - logger.log: anim started
+        on_stop:
+          - logger.log: anim stopped
+        widgets:
+          - id: anim_box
+            x:
+              from: 0
+              to: !lambda "return 100;"
+            opa:
+              from: 50%
+              to: 100%
 
   - id: lvgl_1
     displays: sdl1
@@ -42,7 +72,14 @@ lvgl:
             - label:
                 text: Click ME
           on_click:
-            logger.log: Clicked
+            then:
+              - logger.log: Clicked
+              - lvgl.animation.stop:
+                  id: anim_slide
+                  lvgl_id: lvgl_0
+              - lvgl.animation.start:
+                  id: anim_slide
+                  lvgl_id: lvgl_0
 
 font:
   - file: "gfonts://Roboto"
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/validate.host.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/validate.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77db404a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/validate.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+esphome:
+  name: lvgl-list-validate
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: sdl0
+    dimensions:
+      width: 320
+      height: 240
+
+lvgl:
+  displays: sdl0
+  widgets:
+    # Two independent lists, each with their own on_add/on_remove and, for list_a,
+    # more than one automation under the same trigger key -- checks that the
+    # per-list trigger bookkeeping is keyed correctly and doesn't require exactly
+    # one automation.
+    - list:
+        id: validate_list_a
+        align: center
+        pad_row: 6
+        on_add:
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "a: added %d"
+              args: [list_index]
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "a: also added %d"
+              args: [list_index]
+        on_remove:
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "a: removed %d"
+              args: [list_index]
+        on_boot:
+          # lvgl.list.add_text and lvgl.list.add both take an optional, templatable index.
+          - lvgl.list.add_text:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              text: "Header"
+              index: !lambda return 0;
+          # any registered widget type is valid as the single lvgl.list.add key.
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              checkbox:
+                align: center
+                text: "Option"
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              index: !lambda return 0;
+              switch:
+                align: center
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              spinner:
+                align: center
+          - lvgl.list.add:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              obj:
+                align: center
+          - lvgl.list.remove:
+              id: validate_list_a
+              index: !lambda return 0;
+          - lvgl.list.clear:
+              id: validate_list_a
+    - list:
+        id: validate_list_b
+        align: center
+        on_remove:
+          - logger.log:
+              format: "b: removed %d"
+              args: [list_index]
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp4461/common.yaml b/tests/components/mcp4461/common.yaml
index 71e2528aa4..8accc2ea54 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp4461/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp4461/common.yaml
@@ -3,30 +3,61 @@ mcp4461:
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
 
 output:
+  # All-terminals-off coverage lives here (folded from a former second channel-A
+  # output — one output per channel keeps the reg_ state deterministic).
   - platform: mcp4461
     id: digipot_wiper_1
     mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
     channel: A
-
-  - platform: mcp4461
-    id: digipot_wiper_2
-    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
-    channel: B
-
-  - platform: mcp4461
-    id: digipot_wiper_3
-    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
-    channel: C
-
-  - platform: mcp4461
-    id: digipot_wiper_4
-    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
-    channel: D
-
-  - platform: mcp4461
-    id: digipot_wiper_5
-    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
-    channel: A
     terminal_a: false
     terminal_b: false
     terminal_w: false
+
+  - platform: mcp4461
+    id: digipot_wiper_2
+    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
+    channel: B
+    nonvolatile: false
+
+  - platform: mcp4461
+    id: digipot_wiper_3
+    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
+    channel: C
+    nonvolatile_write_delay: 5s
+    initial_value: 0.5
+
+  # TCON1 coverage: terminal flags on a channel D output exercise the
+  # calc_terminal_connector_byte_() write path for wipers 2/3.
+  - platform: mcp4461
+    id: digipot_wiper_4
+    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
+    channel: D
+    terminal_a: false
+    terminal_w: false
+
+  # Bare NV-channel output — the pre-existing persistence workaround; must
+  # keep validating without any nonvolatile key (regression: schema default
+  # used to materialize the key on every channel and fail final validation).
+  - platform: mcp4461
+    id: digipot_nv_wiper_1
+    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
+    channel: E
+
+  # Explicit opt-out on an NV channel is a harmless no-op and stays valid.
+  - platform: mcp4461
+    id: digipot_nv_wiper_2
+    mcp4461_id: mcp4461_digipot_01
+    channel: F
+    nonvolatile: false
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Digipot test actions"
+    on_press:
+      - mcp4461.wiper.increase: digipot_wiper_1
+      - mcp4461.wiper.decrease: digipot_wiper_1
+      - mcp4461.wiper.store_nonvolatile: digipot_wiper_2
+      - mcp4461.wiper.set_terminal:
+          id: digipot_wiper_1
+          terminal: a
+          enable: false
diff --git a/tests/components/md5/__init__.py b/tests/components/md5/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf4ad47363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/md5/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # md5's to_code calls cg.add_define("USE_MD5"), which gates md5.h. C++ unit
+    # test builds that pull md5 in transitively (e.g. ota's host backend, which
+    # has an md5::MD5Digest member) need that define, otherwise md5.h compiles to
+    # nothing and the dependent headers fail to find md5::MD5Digest.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/components/mdns/test-fallback.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mdns/test-fallback.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b51dbb443f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mdns/test-fallback.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# No api, web_server or extra services so the fallback _http service
+# (with version, mac and config_hash TXT records) is compiled.
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+mdns:
diff --git a/tests/components/mdns/test-webserver-no-api.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mdns/test-webserver-no-api.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23f3abdeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mdns/test-webserver-no-api.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# web_server without the native api so the version, mac and config_hash
+# TXT records are attached to the web_server _http service.
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+web_server:
+
+mdns:
diff --git a/tests/components/micro_wake_word/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/micro_wake_word/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d87b19bdcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/micro_wake_word/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Config-only test: micro_wake_word without any compiled-in models. Covers the optional models
+# schema, which validates without a model list. Wake word models are added at runtime instead,
+# which voice_assistant wires up.
+substitutions:
+  mic_din_pin: GPIO36
+
+packages:
+  i2s_audio: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2s_audio/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+microphone:
+  - platform: i2s_audio
+    id: echo_microphone
+    i2s_audio_id: i2s_audio_bus
+    i2s_din_pin: ${mic_din_pin}
+    adc_type: external
+    pdm: true
+    bits_per_sample: 16bit
+
+micro_wake_word:
+  microphone: echo_microphone
+  # models is omitted entirely, so the default empty list applies
diff --git a/tests/components/microphone/common-pdm.yaml b/tests/components/microphone/common-pdm.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..093dcb24f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/microphone/common-pdm.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+microphone:
+  - platform: i2s_audio
+    id: mic_id_external
+    i2s_din_pin: ${i2s_din_pin1}
+    adc_type: external
+    pdm: false
+    mclk_multiple: 384
+    correct_dc_offset: true
+    on_data:
+      - if:
+          condition:
+            - microphone.is_muted:
+                id: mic_id_external
+          then:
+            - microphone.unmute:
+                id: mic_id_external
+          else:
+            - microphone.mute:
+                id: mic_id_external
+  - platform: i2s_audio
+    id: mic_id_pdm
+    i2s_din_pin: ${i2s_din_pin2}
+    adc_type: external
+    pdm: true
+    pdm_dsr: 16
diff --git a/tests/components/microphone/common.yaml b/tests/components/microphone/common.yaml
index 39ab06da61..281bda1ce0 100644
--- a/tests/components/microphone/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/microphone/common.yaml
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-i2s_audio:
-  i2s_bclk_pin: ${i2s_bclk_pin}
-  i2s_lrclk_pin: ${i2s_lrclk_pin}
-  i2s_mclk_pin: ${i2s_mclk_pin}
-
 microphone:
   - platform: i2s_audio
     id: mic_id_external
@@ -22,8 +17,3 @@ microphone:
           else:
             - microphone.mute:
                 id: mic_id_external
-  - platform: i2s_audio
-    id: mic_id_pdm
-    i2s_din_pin: ${i2s_din_pin2}
-    adc_type: external
-    pdm: true
diff --git a/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 2f39263a43..65d7081bcd 100644
--- a/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO15
-  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO4
-  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO5
   i2s_din_pin1: GPIO33
   i2s_din_pin2: GPIO34
 
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  i2s_audio: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2s_audio/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common-pdm.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47b9283720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/microphone/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+substitutions:
+  i2s_din_pin1: GPIO33
+  i2s_din_pin2: GPIO34
+
+packages:
+  i2s_audio: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2s_audio/esp32-s2-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/midea/common.yaml b/tests/components/midea/common.yaml
index c7b18a6701..25fc2debcd 100644
--- a/tests/components/midea/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/midea/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-wifi:
-  ssid: MySSID
-  password: password1
-
 climate:
   - platform: midea
     id: midea_unit
diff --git a/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-ard.yaml
index 1e3fe0ff51..17ced80477 100644
--- a/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 packages:
   remote_transmitter: !include ../../test_build_components/common/remote_transmitter/esp32-ard.yaml
   uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-ard.yaml
+  midea: !include common.yaml
 
-<<: !include common.yaml
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
diff --git a/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-h2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-h2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45b73dc6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-h2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# ESP32-H2 has no WiFi PHY; this verifies the component builds without wifi
+packages:
+  remote_transmitter: !include ../../test_build_components/common/remote_transmitter/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-h2-idf.yaml
+  midea: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ad22b5b93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/midea/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+packages:
+  remote_transmitter: !include ../../test_build_components/common/remote_transmitter/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  midea: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+# Regression test for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/18054: the
+# MideaUART ESP-IDF shims must not make unqualified millis() ambiguous
+interval:
+  - interval: 10s
+    then:
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGD("test", "%u", millis());
diff --git a/tests/components/midea/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/midea/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 9825ff85a1..70a0b00105 100644
--- a/tests/components/midea/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/midea/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 packages:
   remote_transmitter: !include ../../test_build_components/common/remote_transmitter/esp8266-ard.yaml
   uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  midea: !include common.yaml
 
-<<: !include common.yaml
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
diff --git a/tests/components/mipi_rgb/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mipi_rgb/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index b56ebee21e..12b45ee160 100644
--- a/tests/components/mipi_rgb/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mipi_rgb/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 packages:
-  - !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
 
 psram:
   mode: octal
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp
index 36e0fc90b4..10d935a775 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_climate_tests.cpp
@@ -1,165 +1,112 @@
+#include <array>
+#include <utility>
 #include "../common.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h"
+
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
 
+struct MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component component;
+  MitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext() { this->sut.set_parent(&this->component); }
+};
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, CelsiusTemperatureMappingAndTraitsMatchExpectedValues) {
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
+
+  for (int temperature = 16; temperature <= 31; ++temperature) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().to_mitsubishi(temperature), temperature);
+    EXPECT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(temperature), temperature);
+  }
+
+  const auto traits = context.sut.traits();
+  EXPECT_EQ(traits.get_temperature_unit(), TemperatureUnit::CELSIUS);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), 16.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_max_temperature(), 31.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step(), 1.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step(), 0.5f);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, FahrenheitTemperatureMappingAndTraitsMatchExpectedValues) {
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
+  context.component.set_use_fahrenheit(true);
+
+  const std::array cases{
+      std::pair{61, 16.0f}, std::pair{62, 16.5f}, std::pair{63, 17.0f}, std::pair{64, 17.5f}, std::pair{65, 18.0f},
+      std::pair{66, 18.5f}, std::pair{67, 19.0f}, std::pair{68, 20.0f}, std::pair{69, 21.0f}, std::pair{70, 21.5f},
+      std::pair{71, 22.0f}, std::pair{72, 22.5f}, std::pair{73, 23.0f}, std::pair{74, 23.5f}, std::pair{75, 24.0f},
+      std::pair{76, 24.5f}, std::pair{77, 25.0f}, std::pair{78, 25.5f}, std::pair{79, 26.0f}, std::pair{80, 26.5f},
+      std::pair{81, 27.0f}, std::pair{82, 27.5f}, std::pair{83, 28.0f}, std::pair{84, 28.5f}, std::pair{85, 29.0f},
+      std::pair{86, 29.5f}, std::pair{87, 30.0f}, std::pair{88, 30.5f},
+  };
+
+  for (const auto &[fahrenheit, mitsubishi_celsius] : cases) {
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().to_mitsubishi(fahrenheit), mitsubishi_celsius);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(context.component.get_temperature_mapping().from_mitsubishi(mitsubishi_celsius), fahrenheit);
+  }
+  const auto traits = context.sut.traits();
+  EXPECT_EQ(traits.get_temperature_unit(), TemperatureUnit::FAHRENHEIT);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), 61.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_max_temperature(), 88.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step(), 1.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step(), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, FahrenheitTemperatureMappingUsesLinearConversionOutsideSetpointRange) {
+  auto mapping = TemperatureMapping();
+  mapping.set_use_fahrenheit(true);
+
+  const std::array cases{
+      std::pair{0.0f, 32.0f},  std::pair{10.0f, 50.0f}, std::pair{15.5f, 59.9f},
+      std::pair{31.0f, 87.8f}, std::pair{35.0f, 95.0f}, std::pair{40.0f, 104.0f},
+  };
+
+  for (const auto &[celsius, fahrenheit] : cases) {
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(mapping.from_mitsubishi(celsius), fahrenheit);
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeOffLeavesTraitsEmpty) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
 
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().get_supports_swing_modes());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().get_supports_swing_modes());
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeVerticalExposesOffAndVertical) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeHorizontalExposesOffAndHorizontal) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, SupportedSwingModeBothExposesAllExpectedModes) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
+  MitsubishiCN105ClimateTestContext context;
 
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
+  context.sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsVerticalSwingWhenSupported) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsHorizontalSwingWhenSupported) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsBothSwingWhenSupported) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesMapsSwingOffWhenNoSwingActive) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesRemembersLastNonSwingPositions) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesDoesNotOverwriteRememberedPositionWithUnknownValues) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
-
-  sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_ = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2;
-  sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_ = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT;
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesIgnoresUnsupportedVerticalSwingState) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
-}
-
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105ClimateTests, ApplyValuesIgnoresUnsupportedHorizontalSwingState) {
-  TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate sut;
-
-  sut.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-
-  sut.status().vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO;
-  sut.status().wide_vane_mode = MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING;
-
-  sut.apply_values_();
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(sut.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(context.sut.traits().supports_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab3048b874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "../common.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_swing_mode_manager.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
+
+static SwingModeManager make_swing_mode_manager(std::initializer_list<climate::ClimateSwingMode> supported_modes) {
+  SwingModeManager manager;
+  climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes;
+  for (const auto mode : supported_modes)
+    supported_swing_modes.insert(mode);
+  manager.set_supported_swing_modes(supported_swing_modes);
+  return manager;
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsVerticalSwingWhenSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsHorizontalSwingWhenSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsBothSwingWhenSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, StatusMapsSwingOffWhenNoSwingActive) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER),
+      std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, RemembersLastNonSwingPositions) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT);
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING);
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::RIGHT});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, UnknownValuesDoNotOverwriteRememberedPositions) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
+  manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::UNKNOWN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, UnsupportedVerticalSwingStateIsIgnored) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, UnsupportedHorizontalSwingStateIsIgnored) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING),
+            std::optional{climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF});
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, SwingModeFromReturnsNulloptWhenNoSwingModesSupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(manager.update_and_get_swing_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING)
+                   .has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, VaneFromSwingModeReturnsNulloptWhenVerticalUnsupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, WideVaneFromSwingModeReturnsNulloptWhenHorizontalUnsupported) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL).has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(SwingModeManagerTests, VaneAndWideVaneFromSwingModeMapSwingModes) {
+  auto manager = make_swing_mode_manager({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+                                          climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL),
+            std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING});
+  EXPECT_EQ(manager.wide_vane_from(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH), std::optional{MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING});
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
index ef3cdd0fff..fcd09bb18e 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
 
-struct TestContext {
+struct MitsubishiCN105TestsContext {
   MockUARTComponent uart;
   uart::UARTDevice device{&uart};
   TestableMitsubishiCN105 sut{device};
 
-  TestContext() { this->sut.set_current_time(0); }
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext() { this->sut.set_current_time(0); }
 };
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, InitSendsConnectPacket) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(123);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::NOT_CONNECTED);
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, InitSendsConnectPacket) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -42,11 +42,17 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
 
   // All bytes from UART should be consumed
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
-  // After successful connect we request status, first settings (0x02)
+  // Defer the first settings request (0x02) until the next update.
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(201);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x42, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                                                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7B));
-  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 201);
 
   // Clear TX bytes.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
@@ -75,20 +81,29 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().wide_vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::SWING);
 
-  // Now fetch room temperature (0x03)
+  // Defer the telemetry request (0x03) until the next update.
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::DEFERRED_STATUS_REQUEST);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(301);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x42, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                                                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A));
-  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 300);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 301);
 
   // Clear TX bytes.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
 
-  // Room temperature response
+  // Queue a setting while waiting for telemetry.
+  ctx.sut.set_power(true);
+
+  // Telemetry response
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00,
                     0xAA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA5});
 
-  // Room temperature should still have initial value
+  // Room temperature from telemetry should still have initial value
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, ::testing::IsNan());
 
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(400);
@@ -97,16 +112,23 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.is_status_initialized());
 
-  // Check room temperature we just read from received package
+  // Check room temperature we just read from telemetry package
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, 21.0f);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 400);
+
+  // Apply the pending setting on the next update, outside RX processing.
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(401);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::APPLYING_SETTINGS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.operation_start_ms_, 401);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NoResponseTriggersReconnect) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -133,7 +155,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NoResponseTriggersReconnect) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, RxWatchdogLimitsProcessingPerUpdate) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -164,7 +186,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, RxWatchdogLimitsProcessingPerUpdate) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ParserHandlesMixedRxStream) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
@@ -228,7 +250,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ParserHandlesMixedRxStream) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NextStatusUpdateAfterUpdateIntervalMilliseconds) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(80000);
@@ -258,7 +280,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NextStatusUpdateAfterUpdateIntervalMilliseconds) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedA) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx(
       {0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55});
@@ -266,14 +288,14 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedA) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 26.0f);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx(
       {0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA5, 0xAD});
@@ -281,14 +303,14 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedB) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 18.5f);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY);
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedA) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5D});
 
@@ -298,7 +320,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedA) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xBC, 0xA7});
 
@@ -308,7 +330,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedB) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitNotSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58});
@@ -316,11 +338,11 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitNotSet) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().wide_vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_high_bit_);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.property_context_.set_wide_vane_high_bit);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD8});
@@ -328,11 +350,11 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeWideVanePackageHighBitSet) {
   ctx.sut.update();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().wide_vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::CENTER);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_high_bit_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.property_context_.set_wide_vane_high_bit);
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsPowerOn) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_power(true);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -342,7 +364,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsPowerOn) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedA) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(23.0f);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -352,9 +374,9 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedA) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(26.0f);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
 
@@ -363,9 +385,9 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsTemperatureEncodedB) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsHalfDegreeTemperatureEncodedB) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(26.5f);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
 
@@ -374,7 +396,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplySettingsHalfDegreeTemperatureEncodedB) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyModeCool) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -384,7 +406,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyModeCool) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyFanModeSpeed1) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_fan_mode(MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -394,7 +416,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyFanModeSpeed1) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyVaneModeSwing) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -404,7 +426,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyVaneModeSwing) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitNotSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
@@ -414,9 +436,9 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitNotSet) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitSet) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
-  ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_high_bit_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.set_wide_vane_high_bit = true;
   ctx.sut.set_wide_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::WideVaneMode::LEFT);
   ctx.sut.apply_settings();
 
@@ -425,7 +447,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyWideVaneModeLeftAndHighBitSet) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteInterruptsWaitingForNextStatusUpdate) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(5000);
@@ -445,7 +467,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteInterruptsWaitingForNextStatusUpdate) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_wait_credit_ms_, 0);
 
   // Write new values
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_power(false);
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(25.0f);
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT);
@@ -469,8 +491,38 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteInterruptsWaitingForNextStatusUpdate) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_wait_credit_ms_, 0);
 }
 
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, PendingSettingsTakePriorityOverDueTelemetry) {
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
+
+  ctx.sut.status_.target_temperature = 24.0f;
+  ctx.sut.status_.room_temperature = 21.0f;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ctx.sut.is_status_initialized());
+
+  ctx.sut.state_ = TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+  ctx.sut.set_state(TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE);
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(1000);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  ASSERT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+  ctx.uart.tx.clear();
+
+  ctx.sut.set_power(true);
+  ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x07,
+                    0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C});
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(1001);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(1002);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::APPLYING_SETTINGS);
+  EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x41, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                                  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7B));
+}
+
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetAndClearRemoteRoomTemp) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   // Set remote temperature
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(28.5f);
@@ -505,10 +557,10 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetAndClearRemoteRoomTemp) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   // Queue normal settings plus remote temperature together.
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_power(false);
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(25.0f);
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT);
@@ -521,11 +573,11 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
 
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x41, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
                                                   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xB2, 0x00, 0xBB));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::POWER));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::TEMPERATURE));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::MODE));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::FAN));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::POWER));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::MODE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::FAN));
 
   // ACK the first write. Remote temperature should still be pending afterward.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
@@ -533,7 +585,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
                     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5E});
   ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 
   // The next apply sends the remote-temperature packet and clears the last pending flag.
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();
@@ -545,7 +597,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ApplyQueuedSettingsThenRemoteRoomTempInSecondWrite) {
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteTimeoutClearsStatusUpdateWaitCreditOnReconnect) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
   ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(5000);
 
@@ -557,7 +609,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteTimeoutClearsStatusUpdateWaitCreditOnReconnect)
   ASSERT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_wait_credit_ms_, 0);
 
   // Interrupt that wait with a write so credit is accumulated.
-  ctx.sut.use_temperature_encoding_b_ = true;
+  ctx.sut.property_context_.use_temperature_encoding_b = true;
   ctx.sut.set_power(false);
   ctx.sut.set_target_temperature(25.0f);
   ctx.sut.set_mode(MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT);
@@ -578,28 +630,28 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, WriteTimeoutClearsStatusUpdateWaitCreditOnReconnect)
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetOutOfRangeRemoteRoomTempIsIgnored) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
 
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(7.0f);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(40.0f);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(NAN);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetMinRemoteRoomTemp) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(8.0f);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SetMaxRemoteRoomTemp) {
-  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+  MitsubishiCN105TestsContext ctx;
   ctx.sut.set_remote_temperature(39.5f);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.pending_updates_.contains(TestableMitsubishiCN105::PropertyId::REMOTE_TEMPERATURE));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
index 798f7283f6..6029327e9a 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h"
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h"
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
@@ -37,18 +39,20 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public uart::UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(uart::UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {}
+#endif  // defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
 };
 
 class TestableMitsubishiCN105 : public MitsubishiCN105 {
  public:
   using MitsubishiCN105::MitsubishiCN105;
   using MitsubishiCN105::State;
-  using MitsubishiCN105::UpdateFlag;
+  using MitsubishiCN105::PropertyId;
   using MitsubishiCN105::state_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::status_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::operation_start_ms_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105::use_temperature_encoding_b_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105::set_wide_vane_high_bit_;
+  using MitsubishiCN105::property_context_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::status_update_wait_credit_ms_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::pending_updates_;
 
@@ -60,13 +64,4 @@ class TestableMitsubishiCN105 : public MitsubishiCN105 {
   void set_current_time(uint32_t ms) { test_loop_time_ms = ms; }
 };
 
-class TestableMitsubishiCN105Climate : public MitsubishiCN105Climate {
- public:
-  using MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105Climate::last_non_swing_vane_mode_;
-  using MitsubishiCN105Climate::last_non_swing_wide_vane_mode_;
-
-  MitsubishiCN105::Status &status() { return static_cast<TestableMitsubishiCN105 &>(this->hp_).status_; }
-};
-
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml
index 5b9c3aaaf6..3f7e8c8f95 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,40 @@
+mitsubishi_cn105:
+  id: ac
+  uart_id: uart_bus
+  update_interval: 30s
+  telemetry_request_min_interval: 120s
+  use_fahrenheit: true
+  vane:
+    on_state:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "TRIGGER: vane on_state is auto: %s"
+          args: ['x.vertical.direction == VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_AUTO ? "yes" : "no"']
+
 climate:
   - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
-    id: ac
+    mitsubishi_cn105_id: ac
     name: "AC Test"
-    uart_id: uart_bus
-    update_interval: 30s
-    current_temperature_min_interval: 120s
     supported_swing_modes: BOTH
 
+select:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    mitsubishi_cn105_id: ac
+    vertical_vane_direction:
+      name: "Vertical Vane"
+
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature:
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature:
           id: ac
           temperature: 22.0
-      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature:
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature:
           id: ac
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.vane.control:
+          id: ac
+          vertical:
+            direction: SWING
+      - mitsubishi_cn105.vane.control:
+          id: ac
+          vertical:
+            direction: !lambda return esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING;
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..928d4123f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_component_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, PublishesVaneStateForEveryValidSnapshot) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  size_t callback_count = 0;
+  std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> callback_direction;
+  hub.add_on_vane_state_callback([&](const VaneState &state) {
+    callback_count++;
+    callback_direction = state.vertical.direction;
+  });
+
+  hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  hub.set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4});
+
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_count, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, PublishesUnknownVaneState) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  size_t status_callback_count = 0;
+  size_t vane_callback_count = 0;
+  std::optional<VerticalVaneMode> callback_direction;
+  hub.add_on_status_callback([&]() { status_callback_count++; });
+  hub.add_on_vane_state_callback([&](const VaneState &state) {
+    vane_callback_count++;
+    callback_direction = state.vertical.direction;
+  });
+
+  hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN);
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(status_callback_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(vane_callback_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_UNKNOWN});
+
+  hub.set_vane_mode(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4);
+  hub.publish_status();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(status_callback_count, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(vane_callback_count, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(callback_direction, std::optional{VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_4});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, VaneCallAppliesVerticalDirection) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+
+  auto call = hub.make_vane_call();
+  call.vertical.set_direction(VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_POSITION_5);
+  call.perform();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105ComponentTests, VaneControlActionAppliesConfiguredFields) {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  VaneControlAction<> action(&hub, [](VaneCall &call) { call.vertical.set_direction(VERTICAL_VANE_MODE_SWING); });
+
+  action.play();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING);
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55ae1d6c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "../common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/select/mitsubishi_cn105_vane_select_vertical.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing {
+
+struct VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext {
+  MitsubishiCN105Component hub;
+  MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelect select;
+
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext() {
+    this->select.traits.set_options({"Auto", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "Swing"});
+    this->select.set_parent(&this->hub);
+    this->select.setup();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, MapsIndexesToVaneModes) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+
+  constexpr std::array expected_modes{
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,       MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < expected_modes.size(); ++i) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(i);
+    ctx.select.make_call().set_index(i).perform();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ctx.hub.status().vane_mode, expected_modes[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, PublishesIncomingVaneModes) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+  ctx.hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  ctx.hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+
+  constexpr std::array modes{
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::AUTO,       MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_1,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_2, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_4, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_5,
+      MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::SWING,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < modes.size(); ++i) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(i);
+    ctx.hub.set_vane_mode(modes[i]);
+    ctx.hub.publish_status();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional{i});
+  }
+
+  ctx.select.publish_vane_state(MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::UNKNOWN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional{modes.size() - 1});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, ControlPublishesSelectAndClimateThroughHub) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+  MitsubishiCN105Climate climate_entity;
+  climate_entity.set_parent(&ctx.hub);
+  climate_entity.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+
+  ctx.hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  ctx.hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  climate_entity.setup();
+
+  ctx.select.make_call().set_index(6).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{6});
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate_entity.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+
+  ctx.select.make_call().set_index(3).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{3});
+  EXPECT_EQ(climate_entity.swing_mode, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, ClimateControlPublishesSelectThroughHub) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+  MitsubishiCN105Climate climate_entity;
+  climate_entity.set_parent(&ctx.hub);
+  climate_entity.set_supported_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
+
+  ctx.hub.set_telemetry_request_min_interval(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN);
+  ctx.hub.set_target_temperature(20.0f);
+  climate_entity.setup();
+
+  climate_entity.make_call().set_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{6});
+
+  climate_entity.make_call().set_swing_mode(climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF).perform();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.select.active_index(), std::optional<size_t>{0});
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTests, BeforeInitializationDoesNotPublishSelectState) {
+  VerticalVaneDirectionSelectTestContext ctx;
+
+  ctx.select.make_call().set_index(3).perform();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.hub.status().vane_mode, MitsubishiCN105::VaneMode::POSITION_3);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.select.has_state());
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test-legacy-climate-actions.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test-legacy-climate-actions.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..247568cfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test-legacy-climate-actions.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    id: ac
+    name: "AC Test"
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.set_remote_temperature:
+          id: ac
+          temperature: 22.0
+      - climate.mitsubishi_cn105.clear_remote_temperature:
+          id: ac
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-current-temperature-min-interval.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-current-temperature-min-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2abaf8b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-current-temperature-min-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    current_temperature_min_interval: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ef70b6535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-uart-id.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-uart-id.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..065d2b5495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-uart-id.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    uart_id: uart_bus
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-update-interval.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-update-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e8f714f52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-legacy-climate-update-interval.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    update_interval: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-top-level-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-top-level-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f05da5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/validate-top-level-minimal.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+mitsubishi_cn105:
+
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/common.h b/tests/components/modbus/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6c37b0e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+// A UART that discards all writes, for tests that never inspect the wire.
+class NullUART : public uart::UARTComponent {
+ public:
+  NullUART() { this->set_baud_rate(115200); }
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {}
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override { return false; }
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override { return false; }
+  size_t available() override { return 0; }
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override { return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS; }
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {}
+#endif
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
+};
+
+// A UART that records every byte written so tests can assert on the exact wire response.
+class RecordingUART : public NullUART {
+ public:
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    this->written.insert(this->written.end(), data, data + len);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> written;
+};
+
+// A UART the test can inject received bytes into, so frames travel the full receive path
+// (receive_modbus_frames -> parse -> dispatch) through hub.loop(). Writes are recorded.
+class InjectableUART : public RecordingUART {
+ public:
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override {
+    if (this->rx_.empty())
+      return false;
+    *data = this->rx_.front();
+    return true;
+  }
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    if (len > this->rx_.size())
+      return false;
+    memcpy(data, this->rx_.data(), len);
+    this->rx_.erase(this->rx_.begin(), this->rx_.begin() + len);
+    return true;
+  }
+  size_t available() override { return this->rx_.size(); }
+
+  // Queues a complete wire frame: address + PDU + CRC16 (low byte first).
+  void inject_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+    size_t start = this->rx_.size();
+    this->rx_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_.insert(this->rx_.end(), pdu.begin(), pdu.end());
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_.data() + start, this->rx_.size() - start);
+    this->rx_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..869b280b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/heap_probe_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+// The allocation counters rely on AddressSanitizer's malloc hooks. The cpp_unit_test harness always
+// builds with ASan, so this is exercised in CI; the fallback only applies to out-of-harness builds.
+#ifndef __has_feature
+#define __has_feature(x) 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__) || __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#define HEAP_PROBE_HAS_ASAN
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HEAP_PROBE_HAS_ASAN
+
+// Allocation counters fed by ASan's malloc hooks; sampled tightly around the calls under test.
+static std::atomic<size_t> g_alloc_count{0};
+static std::atomic<size_t> g_alloc_bytes{0};
+
+static void malloc_hook(const volatile void *, size_t size) {
+  g_alloc_count++;
+  g_alloc_bytes += size;
+}
+static void free_hook(const volatile void *) {}
+
+extern "C" int __sanitizer_install_malloc_and_free_hooks(void (*malloc_hook)(const volatile void *, size_t),
+                                                         void (*free_hook)(const volatile void *));
+
+[[maybe_unused]] static const int g_hooks_installed = __sanitizer_install_malloc_and_free_hooks(malloc_hook, free_hook);
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A UART the test can inject received bytes into; sent bytes are discarded.
+class InjectableUART : public uart::UARTComponent {
+ public:
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {}
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override {
+    if (this->rx_.empty())
+      return false;
+    *data = this->rx_.front();
+    return true;
+  }
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    if (len > this->rx_.size())
+      return false;
+    memcpy(data, this->rx_.data(), len);
+    this->rx_.erase(this->rx_.begin(), this->rx_.begin() + len);
+    return true;
+  }
+  size_t available() override { return this->rx_.size(); }
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override { return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS; }
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
+
+  void inject_frame(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+    // Wire frame: address + PDU + CRC16(low, high)
+    size_t start = this->rx_.size();
+    this->rx_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_.insert(this->rx_.end(), pdu.begin(), pdu.end());
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_.data() + start, this->rx_.size() - start);
+    this->rx_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_;
+};
+
+class NullDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  using ModbusClientDevice::ModbusClientDevice;
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->responses++;
+  }
+  int responses{0};
+};
+
+struct Sample {
+  size_t count;
+  size_t bytes;
+};
+
+template<typename F> Sample sample(F &&f) {
+  size_t c0 = g_alloc_count.load(), b0 = g_alloc_bytes.load();
+  f();
+  return {g_alloc_count.load() - c0, g_alloc_bytes.load() - b0};
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Typical frames (reads and single-register/coil writes are exactly address + 5-byte PDU + CRC = 8
+// bytes) fit the SmallInlineBuffer and are built with zero heap allocations; only larger frames spill
+// to a single allocation.
+TEST(HeapProbe, TypicalFrameConstructionIsAllocationFree) {
+  const uint8_t read_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};  // 5 bytes -> 8-byte frame, inline
+  Sample typical = sample([&] {
+    ModbusFrame frame(0x02, read_pdu, sizeof(read_pdu));
+    (void) frame;
+  });
+  printf("HEAPPROBE frame_typical count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", typical.count, typical.bytes);
+  EXPECT_EQ(typical.count, 0u);
+
+  uint8_t large_pdu[250] = {0x10};  // multi-register write -> 253-byte frame, spills once
+  Sample large = sample([&] {
+    ModbusFrame frame(0x02, large_pdu, sizeof(large_pdu));
+    (void) frame;
+  });
+  printf("HEAPPROBE frame_large count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", large.count, large.bytes);
+  EXPECT_EQ(large.count, 1u);
+}
+
+// Queueing typical commands is allocation-free within the deque's first block: the frame fits the
+// inline buffer, every entry is a plain append (ordering lives in selection, not storage), and the
+// first block is already allocated when the hub is constructed. A 512-byte deque block holds
+// 512 / sizeof(ModbusDeviceCommand) entries (16 on the 64-bit host); a deeper queue allocates more.
+TEST(HeapProbe, QueueingTypicalCommandsIsAllocationFree) {
+  ModbusClientHub hub;
+  ModbusClientDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> req;
+  const uint8_t read_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  req.assign(read_pdu, read_pdu + sizeof(read_pdu));
+
+  constexpr int n = 12;
+  static_assert(n * sizeof(ModbusDeviceCommand) < 512, "keep n within one deque block so the probe stays meaningful");
+  size_t total = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i != n; i++) {
+    req[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);  // distinct start addresses: identical frames would dedup, not enqueue
+    total += sample([&] { device.queue_pdu(req); }).count;
+  }
+  printf("HEAPPROBE queue_%d_typical_commands total_allocs=%zu\n", n, total);
+  EXPECT_EQ(total, 0u);
+}
+
+// A WRITE arriving behind queued reads is a plain append too - the old priority front-insert (and
+// its possible front-block allocation) is gone; the write wins transmit SELECTION instead.
+TEST(HeapProbe, WriteBehindQueuedReadsAppendsAllocationFree) {
+  ModbusClientHub hub;
+  ModbusClientDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> req;
+  const uint8_t read_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  req.assign(read_pdu, read_pdu + sizeof(read_pdu));
+  for (int i = 0; i != 3; i++) {
+    req[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);  // distinct start addresses: identical frames would dedup, not enqueue
+    device.queue_pdu(req);
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  Sample append = sample([&] { device.queue_pdu(write_pdu); });
+  printf("HEAPPROBE write_append count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", append.count, append.bytes);
+  EXPECT_EQ(append.count, 0u);
+}
+
+// End to end: bytes injected at the UART travel through receive, frame parsing, response matching and
+// device dispatch. The first response may grow the hub's rx buffer once; after that warm-up, handling a
+// response performs zero heap allocations all the way to the device callback.
+TEST(HeapProbe, ResponseHandlingIsAllocationFreeAfterWarmup) {
+  InjectableUART uart;
+  uart.set_baud_rate(115200);  // tx timing math divides by the baud rate
+  ModbusClientHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();  // computes frame timing from the baud rate
+  NullDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> req;
+  const uint8_t read_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  req.assign(read_pdu, read_pdu + sizeof(read_pdu));
+
+  // Largest possible read response first, so the rx buffer warm-up covers every later size.
+  uint8_t large_resp[252] = {0x03, 250};
+  const uint8_t small_resp[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+
+  auto round_trip = [&](std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) {
+    device.queue_pdu(req);
+    hub.loop();  // transmit; the tx queue is empty during the measured receive below
+    uart.inject_frame(0x02, response_pdu);
+    return sample([&] { hub.loop(); });  // receive + parse + match + dispatch
+  };
+
+  Sample warmup = round_trip(std::span<const uint8_t>(large_resp, sizeof(large_resp)));
+  Sample steady_large = round_trip(std::span<const uint8_t>(large_resp, sizeof(large_resp)));
+  Sample steady_small = round_trip(small_resp);
+
+  printf("HEAPPROBE warmup count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", warmup.count, warmup.bytes);
+  printf("HEAPPROBE steady_large count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", steady_large.count, steady_large.bytes);
+  printf("HEAPPROBE steady_small count=%zu bytes=%zu\n", steady_small.count, steady_small.bytes);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.responses, 3);
+  EXPECT_LE(warmup.count, 1u);  // at most the one-time rx buffer growth
+  EXPECT_EQ(steady_large.count, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(steady_small.count, 0u);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
+
+#else  // !HEAP_PROBE_HAS_ASAN
+
+// Stub every ASan-gated test name, so the suite's test list is identical in every build configuration.
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+TEST(HeapProbe, TypicalFrameConstructionIsAllocationFree) {
+  GTEST_SKIP() << "allocation counting requires an AddressSanitizer build";
+}
+TEST(HeapProbe, QueueingTypicalCommandsIsAllocationFree) {
+  GTEST_SKIP() << "allocation counting requires an AddressSanitizer build";
+}
+TEST(HeapProbe, WriteBehindQueuedReadsAppendsAllocationFree) {
+  GTEST_SKIP() << "allocation counting requires an AddressSanitizer build";
+}
+TEST(HeapProbe, ResponseHandlingIsAllocationFreeAfterWarmup) {
+  GTEST_SKIP() << "allocation counting requires an AddressSanitizer build";
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
+
+#endif  // HEAP_PROBE_HAS_ASAN
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_broadcast_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_broadcast_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f088f4888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_broadcast_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A server device that records the writes the hub routes to it.
+class RecordingDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit RecordingDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    this->last_start_address = start_address;
+    this->last_values.assign(registers.begin(), registers.end());
+    return std::nullopt;  // return value is ignored for broadcasts, which are never answered
+  }
+
+  int write_count{0};
+  uint16_t last_start_address{0};
+  std::vector<uint16_t> last_values;
+};
+
+// A server device that records the coil writes the hub routes to it. Coils arrive as a PackedBits view
+// over the hub's buffers, so the bits are copied out here rather than the view retained.
+class RecordingCoilDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit RecordingCoilDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    this->last_start_address = start_address;
+    this->last_bits.clear();
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i != bits.size(); i++) {
+      this->last_bits.push_back(bits[i]);
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;  // return value is ignored for broadcasts, which are never answered
+  }
+
+  int write_count{0};
+  uint16_t last_start_address{0};
+  std::vector<bool> last_bits;
+};
+
+// A server device that rejects every write, to exercise the broadcast dispatch loop's rejection branch.
+class RejectingDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit RejectingDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    return ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
+  }
+
+  int write_count{0};
+};
+
+// Drives full frames through the server hub's receive path in tests.
+class TestServerHub : public ModbusServerHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return false; }
+
+  // Builds a complete client frame (address + FC + pdu + CRC) and runs the full receive-side parser
+  // (parse_modbus_frames), so the expecting-peer-response routing is exercised, not just the frame parser
+  // below it. Returns true once the buffer has fully drained.
+  bool run_receive_parser_for_test(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *pdu_data,
+                                   size_t pdu_data_len) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    this->rx_buffer_.reserve(pdu_data_len + 4);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(function_code);
+    this->rx_buffer_.insert(this->rx_buffer_.end(), pdu_data, pdu_data + pdu_data_len);
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+    this->parse_modbus_frames();
+    return this->rx_buffer_.empty();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+using testing::RecordingUART;
+
+// A broadcast (address 0) single-register write reaches every registered device and is not answered.
+// Driven through the full receive parser (parse_modbus_frames) so the address-0 routing -- frame length,
+// CRC, and client-vs-broadcast dispatch -- is exercised, not just the handler below it.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, SingleRegisterWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x06 payload: start address 0x9D31, value 0x00A5 (big-endian, no address/CRC).
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0xA5};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_values.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[0], 0x00A5);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // broadcasts are never answered
+}
+
+// A single-register broadcast (FC 0x06) must still reach every device when the hub is mid-way through
+// waiting for a peer's response. Its frame length matches a response frame, so without the address-0 guard
+// in parse_modbus_frames() it would be swallowed by the response parser instead of being dispatched.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, SingleRegisterBroadcastDispatchedWhileExpectingPeerResponse) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // A unicast write addressed to an unregistered peer (0x09) leaves the hub expecting that peer's response.
+  const uint8_t peer_pdu[] = {0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x09, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), peer_pdu,
+                                              sizeof(peer_pdu)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device_a.write_count, 0);  // the peer request is not for our devices
+  ASSERT_EQ(device_b.write_count, 0);
+
+  // The broadcast that follows must still be delivered to every device, and still without a reply.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0xA5};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_values.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[0], 0x00A5);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // broadcasts are never answered
+}
+
+// After dispatching a broadcast, the hub must not still expect a peer response: a following unicast FC 0x06
+// to one of our own devices must be handled, not misparsed as that peer's response and dropped.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, BroadcastClearsStalePeerExpectation) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // A unicast write to an unregistered peer (0x09) leaves the hub expecting that peer's response.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x09, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data,
+                                              sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  // The broadcast that follows clears that expectation as it is dispatched.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_count, 1);
+
+  // The next unicast FC 0x06 to our own device is handled, not swallowed by the stale expectation.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data,
+                                              sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 2);
+}
+
+// A broadcast multi-register write is decoded and delivered to every device, still without a reply.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, MultipleRegisterWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x10 payload: start 0x9D31, quantity 2, byte count 4, values 0x0102 and 0x0304.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_values.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[0], 0x0102);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_values[1], 0x0304);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+// A read broadcast is meaningless (it would need a reply), so nothing is dispatched and nothing is sent.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, ReadFunctionCodeIsIgnoredAndProducesNoReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // FC 0x03 payload: start 0x0000, quantity 2. Reads cannot be broadcast.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);   // no device was written
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // and the broadcast address is never answered
+}
+
+// An invalid broadcast write is silently dropped: no writes dispatched and no exception reply sent.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, InvalidMultipleWriteBroadcastProducesNoWriteAndNoReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x10 payload: quantity 2 but byte count 2 (should be 4), so parsing fails.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device_a.write_count, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device_b.write_count, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+// A device that rejects a broadcast write must not stop dispatch to devices registered after it, and the
+// broadcast is still never answered.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, RejectingDeviceDoesNotStopBroadcastDispatch) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RejectingDevice rejecter(0x02);
+  RecordingDevice device(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&rejecter);  // registered first, so a rejection happens before the normal device
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // FC 0x06 payload: start address 0x9D31, value 0x00A5 (big-endian, no address/CRC).
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x9D, 0x31, 0x00, 0xA5};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(rejecter.write_count, 1);  // the rejecting device was still invoked
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 1);    // and dispatch continued to the device registered after it
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_start_address, 0x9D31);
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.last_values.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_values[0], 0x00A5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // a broadcast is never answered, even when a device rejects
+}
+
+// A unicast out-of-range write sends exactly one exception frame on the wire.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, UnicastOutOfRangeWriteSendsSingleExceptionFrame) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // FC 0x10 payload: start 0xFFFF, quantity 2, byte count 4, values valid but address range overflows.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS),
+                                              pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[0], 0x02);  // server address
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS));
+}
+
+// A broadcast single-coil write (FC 0x05) reaches every device and is not answered. The 2-byte ON value
+// is normalized to a one-bit view, so the handler sees the same shape as a multiple-coil write of one.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, SingleCoilWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x05 payload: coil 0x00AC, value 0xFF00 (ON).
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0xAC, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                              pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingCoilDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x00AC);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_bits.size(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(device->last_bits[0]);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());  // broadcasts are never answered
+}
+
+// A broadcast multiple-coil write (FC 0x0F) delivers the packed bits to every device, LSB first.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, MultipleCoilWriteReachesAllDevicesWithoutReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_a(0x02);
+  RecordingCoilDevice device_b(0x03);
+  hub.register_device(&device_a);
+  hub.register_device(&device_b);
+
+  // FC 0x0F payload: start 0x0013, 10 coils, 2 bytes, 0xCD 0x01 -> bit 0 set, bit 8 set.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0xCD, 0x01};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS), pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  for (RecordingCoilDevice *device : {&device_a, &device_b}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->write_count, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(device->last_start_address, 0x0013);
+    ASSERT_EQ(device->last_bits.size(), 10u);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(device->last_bits[0]);   // 0xCD bit 0
+    EXPECT_FALSE(device->last_bits[1]);  // 0xCD bit 1
+    EXPECT_TRUE(device->last_bits[8]);   // 0x01 bit 0
+    EXPECT_FALSE(device->last_bits[9]);  // padding bit
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+// A coil broadcast that fails validation is dropped exactly like a bad register broadcast: no handler
+// call and, because broadcasts are never answered, no exception frame either.
+TEST(ModbusBroadcast, InvalidCoilBroadcastProducesNoWriteAndNoReply) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  RecordingCoilDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  // Byte count disagrees with the coil quantity: 10 coils need 2 bytes, not 1.
+  const uint8_t bad_count[] = {0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x01, 0xCD};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(
+      BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS), bad_count, sizeof(bad_count)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);
+
+  // A single-coil value must be 0x0000 or 0xFF00; anything else is out of spec.
+  const uint8_t bad_value[] = {0x00, 0xAC, 0x12, 0x34};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(BROADCAST_ADDRESS, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                              bad_value, sizeof(bad_value)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_count, 0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(uart.written.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..333da5b228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_device_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Records every typed callback so tests can assert on the dispatch performed by the default
+// on_response()/on_error() implementations.
+class RecordingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  struct ReadRegistersCall {
+    uint16_t start_address;
+    std::vector<uint16_t> registers;
+    ResponseStatus status;
+  };
+  struct ReadBitsCall {
+    uint16_t start_address;
+    uint16_t count;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> packed;
+    ResponseStatus status;
+  };
+  struct WriteCall {
+    uint16_t address;
+    uint16_t value;
+    ResponseStatus status;
+  };
+
+  void on_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                 ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->holding_calls.push_back({start_address, {registers.begin(), registers.end()}, status});
+  }
+  void on_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                               ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->input_calls.push_back({start_address, {registers.begin(), registers.end()}, status});
+  }
+  void on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->coil_calls.push_back({start_address, bits.size(), {bits.bytes().begin(), bits.bytes().end()}, status});
+  }
+  void on_read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->discrete_calls.push_back({start_address, bits.size(), {bits.bytes().begin(), bits.bytes().end()}, status});
+  }
+  void on_write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->write_single_register_calls.push_back({address, value, status});
+  }
+  void on_write_single_coil(uint16_t address, bool value, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->write_single_coil_calls.push_back({address, static_cast<uint16_t>(value), status});
+  }
+  void on_write_multiple_registers(uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                                   ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->write_multiple_registers_calls.push_back({start_address, {registers.begin(), registers.end()}, status});
+  }
+  void on_write_multiple_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->write_multiple_coils_calls.push_back(
+        {start_address, bits.size(), {bits.bytes().begin(), bits.bytes().end()}, status});
+  }
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->custom_requests.emplace_back(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+    this->custom_responses.emplace_back(response_pdu.begin(), response_pdu.end());
+    this->custom_statuses.push_back(status);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<ReadRegistersCall> holding_calls;
+  std::vector<ReadRegistersCall> input_calls;
+  std::vector<ReadBitsCall> coil_calls;
+  std::vector<ReadBitsCall> discrete_calls;
+  std::vector<WriteCall> write_single_register_calls;
+  std::vector<WriteCall> write_single_coil_calls;
+  std::vector<ReadRegistersCall> write_multiple_registers_calls;
+  std::vector<ReadBitsCall> write_multiple_coils_calls;
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> custom_requests;
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> custom_responses;
+  std::vector<ResponseStatus> custom_statuses;
+};
+
+// Overrides only the generic callbacks to verify the typed defaults delegate to them.
+class GenericDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  void on_read_registers(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, std::span<const uint16_t> registers,
+                         ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->register_type = register_type;
+    this->start_address = start_address;
+    this->registers.assign(registers.begin(), registers.end());
+    this->calls++;
+  }
+  void on_read_bits(EntityType register_type, uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->register_type = register_type;
+    this->start_address = start_address;
+    this->bit_count = bits.size();
+    this->calls++;
+  }
+  EntityType register_type{EntityType::CUSTOM};
+  uint16_t start_address{0};
+  uint16_t bit_count{0};
+  std::vector<uint16_t> registers;
+  int calls{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadHoldingRegistersSuccess) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};         // read 2 regs at 0x100
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};  // 0x002A, 0x0100
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.holding_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.holding_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.start_address, 0x100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.registers, (std::vector<uint16_t>{0x002A, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(call.status.has_value());
+}
+
+// FC 0x17: the response carries only the read block, so it decodes as a holding-register read of the read
+// start/count. The write half has no client-side ack callback - it is confirmed by a successful response.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersDeliversReadBlockAsHolding) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  // read 2 regs at 0x0010, write 1 reg (0x00FF) at 0x0020
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x17, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFF};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x17, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};  // read-back: 0x002A, 0x0100
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.holding_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.holding_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.start_address, 0x0010);  // the READ start address, not the write
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.registers, (std::vector<uint16_t>{0x002A, 0x0100}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(call.status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.empty());  // no separate write-ack on the client side
+}
+
+// A 0x17 response shorter than the requested read count is self-consistent but wrong; it must be diverted
+// to on_custom_response(), never clamped and delivered as if complete.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersShortResponseGoesToCustom) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x17, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFF};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x17, 0x02, 0x00, 0x2A};  // only 1 register, but 2 were requested
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.holding_calls.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_requests.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadInputRegistersDelegateToGeneric) {
+  GenericDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x04, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34};
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.register_type, EntityType::INPUT_REGISTER);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.start_address, 0x10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.registers, (std::vector<uint16_t>{0x1234}));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadDiscreteInputsDelegateToGenericBits) {
+  GenericDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x05};  // 5 inputs at 0x20
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x02, 0x01, 0x15};
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.calls, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.register_type, EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.start_address, 0x20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.bit_count, 5);
+}
+
+// A CRC-valid response whose length does not match its request cannot be decoded per the
+// function-code contract: it goes to the catch-all with the raw PDUs, not to the typed callback.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadRegistersMismatchedLengthGoesToCatchAll) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  // Request asks for 4 registers but the response only carries 1.
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.holding_calls.empty());
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.custom_responses.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_responses.front(), (std::vector<uint8_t>(response, response + sizeof(response))));
+}
+
+// Coil responses are validated the same way: byte count must be ceil(count / 8).
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadCoilsMismatchedLengthGoesToCatchAll) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x13};  // 19 coils -> 3 packed bytes
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0xCD, 0x6B};       // only 2
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.coil_calls.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_responses.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadCoilsSuccess) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x13, 0x00, 0x13};  // 19 coils at 0x13
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0xCD, 0x6B, 0x05};
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.coil_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.coil_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.start_address, 0x13);
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.count, 19);
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.packed, (std::vector<uint8_t>{0xCD, 0x6B, 0x05}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(call.status.has_value());
+  // first coil = bit 0 of byte 0
+  EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::bit_from_packed(0, call.packed));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::bit_from_packed(1, call.packed));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, WriteSingleRegisterSuccess) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03};
+  device.on_response(request, request);  // echo
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_single_register_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.write_single_register_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.address, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.value, 3);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(call.status.has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, WriteSingleCoilSuccess) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x05, 0x00, 0xAC, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  device.on_response(request, request);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_single_coil_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_single_coil_calls.front().address, 0xAC);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_single_coil_calls.front().value, 1u);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, WriteErrorReportsRequestArgumentsAndStatus) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03};
+  const uint8_t exception[] = {0x86, 0x02};  // ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS
+  device.on_error(request, static_cast<ExceptionCode>(exception[1]));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_single_register_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.write_single_register_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.address, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.value, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadErrorReportsEmptyDataAndStatus) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t exception[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  device.on_error(request, static_cast<ExceptionCode>(exception[1]));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.holding_calls.size(), 1u);
+  const auto &call = device.holding_calls.front();
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.start_address, 0x100);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(call.registers.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(call.status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, CustomFunctionCodeGoesToCatchAll) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x47, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x47, 0xAA, 0xBB};
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.custom_requests.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_requests.front(), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x47, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_responses.front(), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x47, 0xAA, 0xBB}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.custom_statuses.front().has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.holding_calls.empty());
+
+  // On failure the catch-all receives an empty response and the status (the exception code).
+  const uint8_t exception[] = {0xC7, 0x02};
+  device.on_error(request, static_cast<ExceptionCode>(exception[1]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.custom_statuses.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_statuses.back(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.custom_responses.back().empty());
+}
+
+// A write ack only echoes the start address and count, so the data that was written is decoded from the
+// request PDU: [0] function code, [1..2] start address, [3..4] count, [5] byte count, [6..] data.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, WriteMultipleAcksReportStartAndData) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  // Write 2 registers (0x0001, 0x0002) at 0x0020: byte count 4, data from offset 6.
+  const uint8_t reg_request[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t reg_ack[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.on_response(reg_request, reg_ack);
+  // Write 10 coils at 0x0030: byte count 2, packed bits 0xFF 0x03 from offset 6.
+  const uint8_t coil_request[] = {0x0F, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0xFF, 0x03};
+  const uint8_t coil_ack[] = {0x0F, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x0A};
+  device.on_response(coil_request, coil_ack);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.front().start_address, 0x20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.front().registers, (std::vector<uint16_t>{0x0001, 0x0002}));
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_multiple_coils_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_multiple_coils_calls.front().start_address, 0x30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_multiple_coils_calls.front().count, 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_multiple_coils_calls.front().packed, (std::vector<uint8_t>{0xFF, 0x03}));
+}
+
+// A truncated request (byte-count header promises more data than the PDU carries) is not a standard
+// write-multiple, so it is diverted to on_custom_response() - never clamped and delivered as if complete.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, WriteMultipleTruncatedRequestDispatchesAsCustom) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  // Header claims 2 registers / 4 data bytes, but only one register's worth is present.
+  const uint8_t reg_request[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t reg_ack[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.on_response(reg_request, reg_ack);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.empty());
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.custom_requests.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_requests.front(), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01}));
+}
+
+// A request whose byte-count header disagrees with its own quantity field (here: 2 registers but a
+// byte count of 2 instead of 4, with matching data) is non-standard and diverted to the catch-all.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, WriteMultipleInconsistentByteCountDispatchesAsCustom) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t reg_request[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t reg_ack[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.on_response(reg_request, reg_ack);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.write_multiple_registers_calls.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_requests.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+// An exception on a read still dispatches to the typed callback (empty data, status set): the gate must
+// not require a standard response on the failure path, because on_error() delivers an empty response by
+// design.
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadErrorWithEmptyResponseStillDispatchesTyped) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t read_request[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.on_error(read_request, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.holding_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.holding_calls.front().registers.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.holding_calls.front().status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.custom_requests.empty());
+}
+
+// An error on a coil read must deliver a PackedBits view whose size() is zero - the count must never
+// promise bits that have no bytes behind them (operator[] is unchecked).
+TEST(ModbusClientDeviceFanOut, ReadCoilsErrorDeliversZeroCountBits) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t read_request[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A};
+  device.on_error(read_request, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.coil_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.coil_calls.front().count, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.coil_calls.front().packed.empty());
+}
+
+// Single-write acks: on success the delivered value is the device's echo (real read-back);
+// on an exception it falls back to the request copy.
+TEST(ModbusTypedDispatch, SingleWriteAckPrefersTheResponseEcho) {
+  RecordingDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  const uint8_t echo_clamped[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x28};  // device clamped 42 -> 40
+  device.on_response(request, echo_clamped);
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_single_register_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_single_register_calls.front().value, 0x0028);  // the echo, not the request
+
+  device.on_error(request, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.write_single_register_calls.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_single_register_calls.back().value, 0x002A);  // exception: request copy
+}
+
+// Deprecated on_modbus_data() compatibility shim (pre-2026.8 API). Records the vectors delivered to
+// the old callback so we can pin its payload framing against the pre-2026.7 behavior.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+namespace {
+class LegacyDevice : public ModbusDevice {
+ public:
+  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override { this->data_calls.push_back(data); }
+  void on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) override {
+    this->error_calls.emplace_back(function_code, exception_code);
+  }
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> data_calls;
+  std::vector<std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>> error_calls;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// Custom (user-defined) function codes historically delivered the payload INCLUDING the function code
+// byte (frame data_offset 1). External components such as the Century VS pump match that first byte
+// against the code they sent, so dropping it (issue #17994) makes every response get ignored.
+TEST(ModbusLegacyShim, CustomFunctionCodeKeepsFunctionCodeByte) {
+  LegacyDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x45, 0x01, 0x02};         // custom function 0x45
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x45, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC};  // echo of the custom code + data
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.data_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_calls.front(), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x45, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC}));
+}
+
+// Standard reads still strip the function code and byte-count header, matching the pre-2026.7 shim.
+TEST(ModbusLegacyShim, StandardReadStripsHeader) {
+  LegacyDevice device;
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  device.on_response(request, response);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.data_calls.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_calls.front(), (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00}));
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..026df34bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_client_hub_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2151 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Exposes the frame state machine so tests can drive it without a UART (force_send_next(),
+// timeout_waiting(), sweep_for_test() stand in for the loop() transmit/watchdog/sweep steps).
+class NoResponseProbeHub : public ModbusClientHub {
+ public:
+  // The old "queue" view: entries awaiting transmission, in STORAGE order (selection order is
+  // what the engine transmits by; use next_ready() for that).
+  size_t queued_frames() const {
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (const auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+      if (cmd.state == FrameState::READY)
+        count++;
+    }
+    return count;
+  }
+  // A never-null placeholder to return when a lookup fails, so a tripped EXPECT/ADD_FAILURE reports
+  // the assertion instead of dereferencing null / an empty deque and segfaulting the whole suite.
+  static const ModbusDeviceCommand &dummy_command() {
+    static const uint8_t DUMMY_PDU[1] = {0x00};
+    static ModbusDeviceCommand cmd(nullptr, 0, std::span<const uint8_t>(DUMMY_PDU, 1));
+    return cmd;
+  }
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand &queued(size_t i) const {
+    for (const auto &cmd : this->tx_buffer_) {
+      if (cmd.state == FrameState::READY && i-- == 0)
+        return cmd;
+    }
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "no READY entry at that index";
+    return dummy_command();
+  }
+  size_t entries() const { return this->tx_buffer_.size(); }
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next_ready() { return this->select_next_ready_(); }
+  bool waiting() const { return this->waiting_for_response_; }
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand &waiting_command() {
+    ModbusDeviceCommand *cmd = this->find_waiting_();
+    EXPECT_NE(cmd, nullptr);
+    return cmd != nullptr ? *cmd : dummy_command();
+  }
+
+  void sweep_for_test() { this->sweep_(); }
+  void send_next_for_test() {
+    this->send_next_frame_();
+    this->sweep_();  // a transmit failure's on_not_sent() is delivered by the loop's sweep
+  }
+  void force_send_next() {
+    ModbusDeviceCommand *cmd = this->select_next_ready_();
+    ASSERT_NE(cmd, nullptr) << "no READY entry to send";
+    cmd->state = FrameState::WAITING;
+    this->waiting_for_response_ = true;
+  }
+  // Drives the real response/interruption branches, followed by the loop's sweep.
+  void receive_frame_for_test(uint8_t address, std::span<const uint8_t> pdu) {
+    this->process_modbus_server_frame(address, pdu);
+    this->sweep_();
+  }
+  void timeout_waiting() {
+    this->sweep_();  // deliver anything already owed (e.g. an interruption's on_no_response)
+    this->expire_waiting_();
+    this->sweep_();
+  }
+};
+
+// A device with a scripted answer to on_no_response().
+class RetryingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  RetryingDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address, bool retry) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address), retry_(retry) {}
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_count_++;
+    return this->retry_;
+  }
+  int no_response_count_{0};
+
+ protected:
+  bool retry_{false};
+};
+
+// A device that clears its own queued traffic from inside the no-response callback, then asks for a retry.
+class ClearingRetryDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearingRetryDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_count_++;
+    this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();  // detaches this device from the waiting slot mid-callback
+    return true;                        // and still requests a retry
+  }
+  int no_response_count_{0};
+};
+
+constexpr uint8_t READ_PDU[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};  // read 2 holding registers at 0x100
+
+StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> read_pdu() {
+  StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> pdu;
+  pdu.assign(READ_PDU, READ_PDU + sizeof(READ_PDU));
+  return pdu;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A device that requests a retry gets the frame the hub was holding re-queued on its behalf,
+// byte-identical and still routed to the same device.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, RetryRequeuesWaitingFrame) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand &requeued = hub.queued(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(requeued.device, &device);
+  // address + PDU + CRC
+  ASSERT_EQ(requeued.frame.size(), sizeof(READ_PDU) + 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(requeued.frame.address(), 0x02);
+  ASSERT_EQ(requeued.frame.pdu().size(), sizeof(READ_PDU));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(requeued.frame.pdu().data(), READ_PDU, sizeof(READ_PDU)));
+}
+
+// A device that declines the retry has the frame dropped.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, NoRetryDropsWaitingFrame) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+// After the device is detached from the waiting frame (e.g. clear_tx_queue_for_device on
+// destruction), a timeout must not deliver a callback or re-queue anything.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, DetachedDeviceIsNotNotified) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  {
+    RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+    device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+    hub.force_send_next();
+    // device destructor clears its queue entries, including the waiting frame's device pointer
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().device, nullptr);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+// An unexpected frame interrupts the transaction: the entry becomes an INTERRUPTED shell that
+// ignores this transaction and blocks tx until the send-wait timeout, where it gets its single
+// on_no_response() - a granted retry is requeued there, like any other timeout.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, RetryBehindInterruptedShell) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+
+  // A frame from the wrong address (0x07, expected 0x02) hits the unexpected-frame branch.
+  const uint8_t stray_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x07, stray_pdu);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 0);  // not notified early: it waits out the timeout
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());               // and keeps blocking the bus
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::INTERRUPTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 1u);
+
+  // The send-wait timeout delivers on_no_response and requeues the granted retry.
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).device, &device);
+}
+
+// The declined-retry interrupted shell blocks until the send-wait timeout, then gets its single
+// on_no_response() there and retires with nothing left to send.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, InterruptedShellDeclinedRetryRetiresOnRelease) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+
+  const uint8_t stray_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x07, stray_pdu);  // wrong address: interrupts the transaction
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 0);  // not notified early
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());               // the shell still blocks the wire
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::INTERRUPTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 1u);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // on_no_response (declined), then the shell retires
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+}
+
+// A callback that detaches the device (clear_tx_queue_for_device()) wins over its own retry request:
+// no orphaned frame with a null device is re-queued.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, MidCallbackClearCancelsRetry) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearingRetryDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);  // the retry was not re-queued for a detached device
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+}
+
+// Writes jump ahead of queued reads; reads keep FIFO order among themselves.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, WritesSendBeforeQueuedReads) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[0], 0x06);  // the write transmits first
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[1], 0x01);  // reads follow in FIFO order
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[1], 0x02);
+}
+
+// Re-requesting a queued frame is absorbed into the existing entry instead of queueing a duplicate.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateQueuedFrameAbsorbedNotDuplicated) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);  // one entry standing for two accepted requests
+}
+
+// Re-requesting the frame currently waiting is absorbed into the waiting entry; after a
+// no-response timeout the absorbed request still gets its run even though the device declines a
+// retry, and a second timeout does not run it again.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, InFlightDuplicateRunsOnceMore) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // duplicate of the waiting frame
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);  // not queued twice
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 2u);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);  // the timeout resolved one request; the absorbed one runs
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
+
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);  // the last request resolved; nothing left to run
+}
+
+// An entry with an absorbed extra request that times out while the device asks to retry: the
+// retry is not a resolution, so BOTH requests remain pending rather than one being dropped -
+// which would leave that caller without a resolution.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, AbsorbedRequestSurvivesDeviceRetry) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // duplicate of the waiting frame -> absorbed
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 2u);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // no response; the device requests a retry
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);  // preserved: the retry resolved nothing
+}
+
+// A continuous read re-queues itself (at the lowest priority) after each successful response,
+// but not after an exception response.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousReadRequeuesOnSuccessOnly) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+
+  // A matching successful response cycles the continuous entry back to READY.
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+
+  // An exception response ends the poll.
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A continuous read that gets no response and is retried stays continuous: an explicit retry of a
+// continuous poll is assumed to still want continuous polling (the entry stays continuous).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, RetriedContinuousReadStaysContinuous) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // no response -> device requests retry
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);  // the retried poll stays continuous
+}
+
+// A one-shot duplicate downgrades a continuous poll to a one-shot (the mirror of a continuous
+// duplicate upgrading a one-shot): the entry runs one more cycle to serve the request, then stops.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateSendDowngradesContinuous) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2);  // one-shot duplicate downgrades the poll
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
+
+  // It runs one more cycle to serve the request, then stops - not re-queued as a poll.
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting_command().options.continuous);
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Re-sends its frame once as a one-shot from inside on_error(), to exercise the downgrade branch
+// when the poll it duplicates has already reached a terminal (pending drained to 0).
+class ResendOnErrorDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ResendOnErrorDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, ExceptionCode exception_code) override {
+    this->error_count_++;
+    if (this->resend_) {
+      this->resend_ = false;
+      this->read_holding_registers(0x100, 2);  // one-shot re-send from inside the failure callback
+    }
+  }
+  int error_count_{0};
+  bool resend_{true};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A one-shot re-send issued from inside a continuous poll's failure callback must still run. The
+// poll's exception terminal has already drained pending to 0, so the re-send absorbs into that entry
+// via the downgrade branch - which must restore the debt, or the sweep erases the entry with the
+// request never sent and no callback delivered.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DowngradeAfterTerminalKeepsRequestAlive) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendOnErrorDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);  // exception ends the poll; on_error re-sends
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.error_count_, 1);               // one terminal delivered so far
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);              // the re-send survived the sweep instead of being erased
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);  // downgraded to a one-shot
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);            // debt restored so the request runs
+
+  // And it runs to its own terminal - a good response this time - then the entry is gone.
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// Requesting continuous polling for a frame that is already queued as a one-shot turns that entry
+// into the continuous poll instead of leaving a promotion that never polls.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousRequestUpgradesQueuedDuplicate) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+
+  // And it behaves as a poll from here: success cycles it back to READY.
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+}
+
+// The transmit order is one key with three levels: writes, then one-shot reads, then continuous
+// polls - a poll only gets the bus when nothing else wants it.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, WritesThenOneShotReadsThenContinuousPolls) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  // Queued oldest-first in the opposite order to the one they must transmit in, so age cannot be
+  // what produces the expected sequence.
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  const uint8_t one_shot[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  device.queue_pdu(one_shot);
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::CONTINUOUS);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(1).priority(), CommandPriority::READ);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(2).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
+
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[0], 0x06);  // the write goes first
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[1], 0x02);  // then the one-shot read
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting_command().options.continuous);  // and the poll takes what is left
+}
+
+// continuous is ignored for writes: the frame still sends at WRITE priority, once.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousIgnoredForWrites) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+}
+
+// A queued continuous poll does not count against immediate-send readiness: it ranks below every
+// one-shot, so a new one-shot goes out ahead of it. A queued one-shot does count.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ContinuousPollDoesNotBlockImmediateSend) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());  // nothing queued
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());  // a READY continuous poll still leaves room to send now
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x200, 2);  // a one-shot does count
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());
+}
+
+// A device whose sent/not-sent callbacks are counted.
+namespace {
+class SentCountingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  SentCountingDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->sent_count_++;
+    this->last_sent_pdu_.assign(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+  }
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    this->last_not_sent_pdu_.assign(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+  }
+  int sent_count_{0};
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> last_sent_pdu_;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> last_not_sent_pdu_;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A write is never requeueable, so its entry can serve exactly one request: a duplicate of a
+// queued write is refused at the door rather than earning the write an extra transmission.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateQueuedWriteRefused) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));  // duplicate write: refused
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);  // a write's cap
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // refusals are returned, never delivered
+}
+
+// Requeueability is an allow-list of the standard reads: a custom function code's idempotency is
+// unknown, so its duplicate is refused like a write's instead of earning a silent re-send.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, DuplicateCustomFunctionCodeRefused) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t custom_pdu[] = {0x41, 0x01, 0x02};  // user-defined function code
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(custom_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(custom_pdu));  // duplicate custom command: refused
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);  // the non-requeueable cap of one run
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+}
+
+// An anonymous duplicate (no device - the YAML-lambda path) is always dropped, never promoted:
+// with no callback there is no lifecycle to absorb into and no owner to route a re-run to.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, AnonymousDuplicateDroppedNotPromoted) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  hub.queue_pdu(0x02, read);
+  hub.queue_pdu(0x02, read);  // anonymous duplicate: dropped
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);  // never absorbed for a null owner
+}
+
+// A retried entry is re-stamped to the queue tail: reads that arrived while it was waiting get
+// their turn before the retry, so a frame that keeps timing out cannot starve the rest of the bus.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, RetriedReadGoesBehindFreshReads) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();         // the frame that will time out and retry
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // waiting duplicate: absorbed into the waiting entry
+  const uint8_t fresh_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t fresh_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(fresh_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(fresh_b);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // device retries; the entry returns to READY behind the fresh reads
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
+  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.pdu()[2], 0x10);  // fresh reads keep FIFO order ahead of the retry
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu()[2], 0x20);
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  hub.force_send_next();  // the retry gets its turn last, both requests still on the entry
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu().begin(), hub.waiting_command().frame.pdu().end(), READ_PDU));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().pending, 2u);
+}
+
+// An absorbed duplicate does not move the entry back in line: seq belongs to the entry, and only
+// re-entering the line (retry, resolved request, continuous cycle) re-stamps it.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, AbsorbedDuplicateKeepsPlaceInLine) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);  // duplicate of the older entry: absorbed, place unchanged
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
+  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.pdu()[2], 0x10);  // read_a still transmits first
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->pending, 2u);
+}
+
+// A write that is retried after a no-response keeps the WRITE class, so it stays ahead of reads,
+// and a later duplicate still resolves against it instead of queueing twice.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, RetriedWriteKeepsWritePriorityAndStaysNonRequeueable) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/true);
+
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // no response -> device requests retry -> back to READY
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);  // retry preserves the WRITE class
+
+  device.queue_pdu(write_pdu);         // duplicate of the retried write
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);  // still not queued twice...
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);  // ...the duplicate was refused at the door (write cap is 1)
+}
+
+namespace {
+// A hub that is never free to transmit.
+class AlwaysBlockedHub : public NoResponseProbeHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return true; }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// Transmitting cannot fail, so a hub that is busy simply does not transmit: the frame keeps its
+// place in the queue and goes out on a later loop, with no callback and no lifecycle change. (The
+// caller owns the tx_blocked() check; send_frame_() has no gate of its own to refuse at.)
+TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, BlockedHubDefersInsteadOfFailing) {
+  AlwaysBlockedHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // nothing failed - it has not been attempted
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);    // still queued, still owed exactly one terminal
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+}
+
+// on_sent() fires when the frame goes onto the wire, not when it is queued.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, FiresOnWireNotOnQueue) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();  // frame timing derives from the baud rate
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // queued only - nothing sent yet
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+  // The callback identifies which command transmitted: it carries the request PDU.
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_sent_pdu_, (std::vector<uint8_t>(READ_PDU, READ_PDU + sizeof(READ_PDU))));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Records on_sent / on_response / on_no_response so a broadcast's fire-and-forget completion
+// (on_sent, and no terminal) can be asserted.
+class BroadcastProbeDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  BroadcastProbeDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_count_++; }
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->response_count_++;
+    this->last_response_size_ = response_pdu.size();
+  }
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_count_++;
+    return false;
+  }
+  int sent_count_{0};
+  int response_count_{0};
+  int no_response_count_{0};
+  size_t last_response_size_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A broadcast (address 0) is never answered (Modbus 4.1), so the client treats it as fire-and-forget:
+// on_sent fires as the frame goes out, NO terminal (on_response/on_error/on_no_response) is delivered,
+// the hub is left NOT waiting - no timeout is burned - and the sweep erases the entry.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, CompletesAtTransmissionWithoutWaiting) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t write[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};  // write single register 0x0010 = 0x0001
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // transmit + sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);         // the frame went on the wire
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.response_count_, 0);     // fire-and-forget: no terminal callback
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 0);  // and it never waited for a reply
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());              // no waiting slot occupied
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);       // and the entry is gone
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Keeps the DEFAULT on_response() (so the base typed dispatcher runs) and records the typed write
+// callback and the catch-all, to prove a broadcast reaches neither - only on_sent.
+class BroadcastTypedProbeDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  BroadcastTypedProbeDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_count_++; }
+  void on_write_single_register(uint16_t address, uint16_t value, ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->write_single_count_++;
+  }
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->custom_count_++;
+  }
+  int sent_count_{0};
+  int write_single_count_{0};
+  int custom_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// Completing a broadcast with an empty response({}) used to fall, for a device on the default
+// on_response(), through the typed dispatcher to on_custom_response() - firing the wrong callback and
+// logging a spurious "non-standard" warning. Fire-and-forget delivers no terminal at all, so a broadcast
+// write reaches neither the typed write callback nor the catch-all: only on_sent.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, DeliversNoTerminalToTypedDevice) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastTypedProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t write[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};  // write single register 0x0010 = 0x0001
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write));
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // transmit + sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);          // on_sent still reports the transmission
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.write_single_count_, 0);  // no terminal: the typed write callback never fires
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.custom_count_, 0);        // and it is NOT diverted to the catch-all (no false warning)
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A broadcast is only meaningful for a command that changes state; a broadcast READ could never be
+// answered, so the hub refuses it at the door (false return, no entry queued) rather than silently
+// retiring it. Writes, 0x17, and custom codes still go through (covered above).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, RefusesReadBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02};  // read holding registers 0x0010, count 2
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read));                   // refused: a broadcast read is never answered
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);                           // nothing entered the machine
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();          // nothing to send
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // never transmitted
+}
+
+// The counterpart to RefusesReadBroadcast: a custom (user-defined) function code carries no reply the
+// hub knows how to expect, so a broadcast of one is accepted and completes fire-and-forget like a write.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, AcceptsCustomBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t custom[] = {0x41, 0x01, 0x02};  // FC 0x41: first user-defined function code space
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(custom));        // accepted: a custom code is not a read
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // transmit + sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);         // the frame went on the wire
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.response_count_, 0);     // fire-and-forget: no terminal callback
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 0);  // and it never waited for a reply
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);  // the entry is gone
+}
+
+// An exception-flagged custom code (0x80 bit set) is not a real request: is_function_code_custom() masks
+// the bit away and would accept it, but the broadcast guard excludes it, matching classify()'s handling
+// of an exception-flagged write.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubBroadcast, RefusesExceptionFlaggedCustomBroadcast) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  BroadcastProbeDevice device(&hub, BROADCAST_ADDRESS);
+
+  const uint8_t exception_custom[] = {0xC1, 0x01, 0x02};  // 0x41 | 0x80: custom code with the exception bit
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(exception_custom));       // refused: exception-flagged, never a real broadcast
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);                           // nothing entered the machine
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.send_next_for_test();          // nothing to send
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // never transmitted
+}
+
+namespace {
+// tx_blocked() clear for send_next_frame_'s gate, then blocked for send_frame_'s post-delay re-check.
+class RejectPostDelayHub : public NoResponseProbeHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return this->tx_blocked_calls_++ > 0; }
+  int tx_blocked_calls_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A byte arriving during send_frame_'s pre-send delay blocks transmission after the caller's gate
+// already passed. send_frame_ rejects, and send_next_frame_ leaves the frame READY to retry - it is
+// not marked WAITING and the bus is not claimed.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, SendRejectedAfterDelayLeavesFrameReady) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  RejectPostDelayHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // gate passes, send_frame_ rejects on the post-delay re-check
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 0);  // nothing transmitted
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());       // the frame was left untouched, bus not claimed
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.entries(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).state, FrameState::READY);  // still selectable next loop
+}
+
+// Counts response deliveries so requeue semantics can be pinned end to end.
+namespace {
+class DataCountingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  DataCountingDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->data_count_++;
+  }
+  void on_error(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, ExceptionCode exception_code) override { this->error_count_++; }
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_count_++;
+    this->last_no_response_pdu_.assign(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+    if (this->retries_ == 0)
+      return false;
+    this->retries_--;
+    return true;
+  }
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    this->last_not_sent_pdu_.assign(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+  }
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->sent_count_++; }
+  int terminals() const {
+    return this->data_count_ + this->error_count_ + this->no_response_count_ + this->not_sent_count_;
+  }
+  int data_count_{0};
+  int error_count_{0};
+  int no_response_count_{0};
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+  int sent_count_{0};
+  int retries_{0};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> last_not_sent_pdu_;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> last_no_response_pdu_;
+};
+
+// Runs full send/respond cycles until the queue drains; returns the number of cycles executed.
+int drain_with_responses(NoResponseProbeHub &hub, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu, int max_cycles = 10) {
+  int cycles = 0;
+  while (hub.queued_frames() != 0 && cycles < max_cycles) {
+    hub.force_send_next();
+    hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, response_pdu);
+    cycles++;
+  }
+  return cycles;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+constexpr uint8_t OK_RESPONSE[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+
+// One request produces exactly one data callback.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, SingleReadSingleCallback) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  drain_with_responses(hub, OK_RESPONSE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+}
+
+// Requesting the same read twice while queued yields exactly two callbacks:
+// the promoted entry completes, re-queues once (demoted), completes again, and stops.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, DuplicateReadExactlyTwoCallbacks) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  int cycles = drain_with_responses(hub, OK_RESPONSE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(cycles, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // both requests were served
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Clears the address queue from inside its first response callback, so a duplicate still owed on the
+// same entry has to be resolved (or, as things stand, is dropped) by that clear.
+class ClearOnFirstResponseDevice : public DataCountingDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearOnFirstResponseDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : DataCountingDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->data_count_++;
+    if (this->data_count_ == 1)
+      this->clear_tx_queue_for_address();  // clear mid-completion, from inside the first response
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A duplicate read absorbs into one entry (pending 2). The first response resolves one request, and
+// its callback clears the address queue mid-completion. The still-owed duplicate is a second accepted
+// request, so it must get its own terminal - on_not_sent() - not be dropped silently.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, ClearFromResponseResolvesDuplicateWithNotSent) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearOnFirstResponseDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, OK_RESPONSE);  // response -> on_response -> clear, then sweep
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 1);      // exactly one response delivered
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 1);  // the duplicate resolved with a terminal, not dropped
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 2);      // one terminal per accepted request
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A read entry serves two requests (this run plus one re-run), so the third identical request is
+// refused at the door: two data callbacks, and no terminal for the request that was never taken.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, TripleReadRefusesTheThird) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));  // the entry is already at its cap
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // refused synchronously, nothing owed
+  int cycles = drain_with_responses(hub, OK_RESPONSE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(cycles, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 2);  // exactly one per accepted request
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A duplicate write is refused at the door and the original write sends once - the caller learns
+// immediately, and no lifecycle is created for the request that was never taken.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, DuplicateWriteRefusedWithoutLifecycle) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 0);  // the accepted write has not resolved; the other never existed
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);
+}
+
+// An exception response is a terminal on its own: exactly one on_error(), no others,
+// preceded by exactly one on_sent().
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, ErrorResponseIsSoleTerminal) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.error_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);
+}
+
+// A timeout is a terminal on its own: exactly one on_no_response(), preceded by one
+// on_sent(); a refused duplicate ends in on_not_sent() with NO on_sent().
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, NoResponseIsSoleTerminalAndNotSentHasNoSent) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);
+
+  // Unabsorbable duplicate: the second identical write is refused at the door - no lifecycle, no
+  // terminal, nothing sent.
+  const uint8_t write_pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(write_pdu));
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 1);  // still just the read's timeout
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 1);
+
+  // Drain the accepted write: its echo response is the data terminal, and the books balance.
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, write_pdu);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 2);  // 2 accepted lifecycles, 2 terminals
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 2);  // 2 transmissions; the refused duplicate never sent
+}
+
+// A device-requested retry starts a new lifecycle: each transmission gets its own sent + terminal.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, RetryLifecyclesEachGetSentAndTerminal) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+  device.retries_ = 1;  // ask for exactly one retry
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // lifecycle 1: sent + no_response (retry requested -> re-queued)
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // lifecycle 2: sent + no_response (retry declined -> done)
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  // The retried lifecycle's timeout carries the SAME request PDU as the first attempt.
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_no_response_pdu_, std::vector<uint8_t>(READ_PDU, READ_PDU + sizeof(READ_PDU)));
+}
+
+// A retry is a state flip on an existing entry, never a new insertion, so a full queue can't refuse
+// it: fill the queue, time out the waiting frame with a retry, and it survives as READY.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, RetryIsNeverRefusedByFullQueue) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+  device.retries_ = 1;
+  SentCountingDevice filler(&hub, 0x05);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();         // waiting
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: two requests pending
+  // Fill the remaining live capacity with distinct frames.
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; hub.entries() < MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
+    const uint8_t fill[] = {0x03, static_cast<uint8_t>(i >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xFF), 0x00, 0x01};
+    filler.queue_pdu(fill);
+  }
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // retry requested; the entry flips back to READY regardless of capacity
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // nothing was refused
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
+  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->device, &filler);  // round-robin: the retry re-stamped behind the fillers
+  // The retried entry survives as READY with both absorbed requests intact.
+  bool found = false;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < hub.queued_frames(); i++) {
+    const ModbusDeviceCommand &cmd = hub.queued(i);
+    if (cmd.device == &device) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(cmd.pending, 2u);
+      found = true;
+    }
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(found);
+}
+
+// The deprecated device-side send_raw() reports an unusable payload the same way every other
+// refused send does: false at the call site, with no queue entry and no callback.
+namespace {
+class NotSentCountingRawDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  NotSentCountingRawDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->not_sent_count_++; }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SendRawTooShortIsRefusedAtTheDoor) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  NotSentCountingRawDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  device.send_raw({});  // too short to contain a PDU; the deprecated void spelling cannot report it
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // refused at the door: no callback delivered
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());    // the only evidence of the refusal is that nothing queued
+}
+
+// A continuous read: every wire transmission pairs one sent with one terminal, ending on the error.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, ContinuousLifecyclesBalance) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);  // lifecycle 1 -> requeued
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);  // lifecycle 2 -> requeued
+  hub.send_next_for_test();
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);  // lifecycle 3 -> stops
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.error_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.sent_count_, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// A device that stops itself (clears its own queue) from inside on_response().
+class ClearOnDataDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearOnDataDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+  }
+};
+
+// A device that chains a follow-up send from inside on_sent().
+class ChainOnSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ChainOnSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    if (!this->chained_) {
+      this->chained_ = true;
+      const uint8_t follow[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x01};  // read holding 0x0009 x1
+      this->queue_pdu(follow);
+    }
+  }
+  bool chained_{false};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// clear_tx_queue_for_address() resolves every dropped frame via its owner's on_not_sent(), so a device
+// sharing the address with the clearer (e.g. a modbus_client action alongside an offline controller)
+// observes the drop; frames for other addresses are untouched.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressQueueNotifiesEveryOwner) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice controller_like(&hub, 0x02);
+  SentCountingDevice bystander_same(&hub, 0x02);
+  SentCountingDevice bystander_other(&hub, 0x03);
+
+  const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t read_c[] = {0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  controller_like.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  bystander_same.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  bystander_other.queue_pdu(read_c);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
+
+  controller_like.clear_tx_queue_for_address();
+  hub.sweep_for_test();  // the loop's sweep delivers the owed terminals and erases the entries
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);  // only the other-address frame remains
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).frame.address(), 0x03);
+  EXPECT_EQ(controller_like.not_sent_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bystander_same.not_sent_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bystander_other.not_sent_count_, 0);
+  // each owner saw its own request PDU
+  EXPECT_EQ(bystander_same.last_not_sent_pdu_, std::vector<uint8_t>(std::begin(read_b), std::end(read_b)));
+}
+
+// A cleared entry resolves with one on_not_sent() per accepted request it stood for, so the
+// books balance for owners counting outstanding requests - all within the one sweep.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressDeliversOneTerminalPerAcceptedRequest) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(read);  // duplicate: absorbed into the queued entry
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 2);  // one terminal per accepted request
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);  // fully drained and erased
+}
+
+// A duplicate read absorbs into one waiting entry (pending 2 once the first is sent). A clear with
+// clear_sent detaches the in-flight frame as a silent shell, but the duplicate - a second accepted
+// request that would have re-run - was never transmitted, so it must still get its on_not_sent().
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearSentOnInFlightDuplicateStillNotifiesTheDuplicate) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
+  hub.force_send_next();  // the frame is sent (WAITING); pending still 2
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 1);  // the un-transmitted duplicate is resolved, not dropped
+}
+
+// A clear does not abandon the in-flight frame: it becomes a WAITING_RETIRED shell that keeps the
+// bus and still delivers the in-flight request's usual callback (here on_response) when the reply
+// arrives. Only un-run duplicates are turned into on_not_sent(); a lone in-flight frame has none.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearWhileInFlightStillDeliversTheResponse) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();  // sent, now WAITING
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // no un-run duplicate to resolve
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());            // still waiting for a response, holding the bus
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.entries(), 1u);          // entry preserved as a cleared shell
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
+
+  // the in-flight request still gets its usual callback when the response finally arrives
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, OK_RESPONSE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Re-sends its frame once from inside on_not_sent - the re-queued frame must survive the sweep.
+class ResendOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ResendOnNotSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    if (this->not_sent_count_ == 1) {
+      const uint8_t again[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x01};  // a write: ranked first at selection, not by position
+      this->queue_pdu(again);
+    }
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A handler that re-sends to the same address from inside on_not_sent() neither corrupts the sweep
+// nor loops it: the fresh entry starts within its cap, so the sweep never touches it.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressReentrantResendSurvives) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendOnNotSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  // The original frame resolved via on_not_sent; the re-send from inside that callback remains queued.
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).frame.address(), 0x02);
+}
+
+// The hard case for the sweep: the notified handler re-queues a WRITE to the cleared address. The
+// fresh entry must be neither dropped nor re-notified - and the bystander's frame at the other
+// address survives untouched, while the write still wins transmit selection.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearAddressReentrantResendNotSwept) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendOnNotSentDevice resender(&hub, 0x02);
+  SentCountingDevice bystander_other(&hub, 0x03);
+
+  const uint8_t read_victim[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t read_other[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  resender.queue_pdu(read_victim);
+  bystander_other.queue_pdu(read_other);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(resender.not_sent_count_, 1);  // notified once, never re-notified for the re-send
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);      // the re-queued write AND the other-address read survive
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
+  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.address(), 0x02);  // the WRITE class wins selection over the older read
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.pdu()[0], 0x06);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Re-sends its own frame from EVERY on_not_sent. There is no serve/absorb treadmill: a duplicate at
+// the servable cap is refused at the door, and a re-send issued while the entry is retiring queues a
+// fresh entry beyond the sweep's captured work_set (served next sweep), never re-absorbing the one draining.
+class AlwaysResendDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  AlwaysResendDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    const uint8_t again[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x01};
+    this->queue_pdu(again);
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+
+// From inside on_not_sent, clears ANOTHER address - those victims must still be notified. Nothing
+// suppresses that: a re-entrant clear only flips states, retire() is a no-op on an already-retired
+// entry, and each entry still owes one notification per un-run request until pending reaches zero.
+class ClearOtherOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearOtherOnNotSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    this->parent_->clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x03);
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// pending can never exceed what the entry can serve, so the old serve/absorb treadmill is
+// impossible by construction: the surplus request is refused at the door instead of being absorbed
+// and resolved later, and a handler that re-sends gets false rather than another lifecycle.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, PendingNeverExceedsTheServableCap) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  AlwaysResendDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read));  // at the cap: refused
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
+
+  hub.sweep_for_test();  // nothing is owed, so the handler never runs
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
+}
+
+// A full queue refuses at the door: false at the call site, no entry, no callback - so the
+// refusal cannot re-enter the hub at all and needs no recursion bound of its own.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, FullQueueRefusesWithoutCallbacks) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice filler(&hub, 0x05);
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  // Fill the queue with distinct frames (distinct start addresses keep the dedup from absorbing them).
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
+    const uint8_t fill[] = {0x03, static_cast<uint8_t>(i >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xFF), 0x00, 0x01};
+    filler.queue_pdu(fill);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(read));  // refused synchronously
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // nothing was accepted, so nothing is owed
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);  // and no refusal bookkeeping was stored
+}
+
+namespace {
+// From inside on_not_sent, clears its OWN address - its remaining queued frames resolve silently
+// (the guard suppresses self-deliveries), while other owners on the address are still notified.
+class ClearOwnAddressOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearOwnAddressOnNotSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    this->clear_tx_queue_for_address();
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// An address clear issued from inside on_not_sent() resolves EVERY dropped request with its own
+// terminal at the sweep - including the clearer's (the sweep delivers from a quiescent hub, so the
+// old stack-nesting silence no longer applies; use clear_tx_queue_for_device() for silent teardown).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SelfClearFromNotSentResolvesEveryRequest) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearOwnAddressOnNotSentDevice clearer(&hub, 0x02);
+  SentCountingDevice bystander(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t read_c[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01};
+  clearer.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  clearer.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  bystander.queue_pdu(read_c);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 3u);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(clearer.queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>{}));  // empty: refused, no callback
+  clearer.clear_tx_queue_for_address();                         // the clear the handler used to make
+
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(clearer.not_sent_count_, 2);    // one per cleared request of its own
+  EXPECT_EQ(bystander.not_sent_count_, 1);  // the bystander's cleared frame is notified too
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A clear issued from inside on_not_sent() still delivers its victims' notifications in the same sweep:
+// the newly-retired entries set sweep_needed_ and the sweep's restart loop drains them before it ends.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, NestedClearFromNotSentStillNotifiesVictims) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearOtherOnNotSentDevice clearer(&hub, 0x02);
+  SentCountingDevice victim(&hub, 0x03);
+
+  const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  clearer.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  victim.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);  // clearer's on_not_sent clears address 0x03 in turn
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(clearer.not_sent_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(victim.not_sent_count_, 1);  // the nested clear's victim resolves in the same sweep
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// From on_not_sent (delivered by the sweep), re-sends a frame identical to ANOTHER doomed queued
+// frame; the dedup must not absorb into the doomed entry.
+class ResendSecondFrameDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ResendSecondFrameDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    if (this->not_sent_count_ == 1) {
+      const uint8_t same_as_r2[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x01};
+      this->queue_pdu(same_as_r2);
+    }
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A send during a sweep that matches a DELETED (doomed) frame must queue fresh, not absorb into
+// the doomed entry - absorption would tie the new request to a frame the sweep is draining.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SweepDedupSkipsDeletedFrames) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendSecondFrameDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t r1[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x21, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t r2[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x22, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(r1);
+  device.queue_pdu(r2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();  // r1 and r2 both resolve; r1's handler re-sends a frame identical to r2
+  // Without the dedup's dead-state skip the re-send would be absorbed into r2 and drained with it;
+  // with the skip it queues fresh and survives.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 2);  // r1 and r2 both resolved
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);    // the re-send survives
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).frame.pdu()[2], 0x22);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// The worst-case handler: from every on_not_sent() it both re-sends and clears its own address, so
+// each delivery manufactures a fresh entry AND a fresh terminal debt.
+class ResendAndClearOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ResendAndClearOnNotSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    const uint8_t again[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x01};
+    this->queue_pdu(again);
+    this->clear_tx_queue_for_address();
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// Sweep-termination worst case: a handler re-sending AND clearing from every on_not_sent() still
+// can't extend the sweep, since it serves only the entries it started with (new debt waits).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ResendAndClearFromNotSentCannotExtendTheSweep) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendAndClearOnNotSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 1);  // exactly the one terminal that was owed on entry
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 1u);          // the frame the handler queued (and then cleared itself)
+
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 2);  // its terminal comes on the next loop, not this sweep
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 1u);          // and the container is still not growing
+
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 1u);
+}
+
+// clear_tx_queue_for_device() drops queued frames SILENTLY - no terminal callback (the documented
+// exception to the exactly-one-terminal contract; used during teardown/offline handling).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearDeviceQueueDropsSilently) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read_a[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  const uint8_t read_b[] = {0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.queue_pdu(read_a);
+  device.queue_pdu(read_b);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  device.clear_tx_queue_for_device();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // silent drop: no terminal callback
+}
+
+// A queue_pdu() from inside on_sent() enqueues behind the waiting frame rather than sending
+// immediately or corrupting the waiting transaction.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubSent, ReentrantSendFromOnSentQueues) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  ChainOnSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.send_next_for_test();  // first frame is sent -> on_sent chains a follow-up
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.waiting());                     // first frame is waiting
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);             // the follow-up queued behind it, not sent
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).frame.pdu()[2], 0x09);  // it is the chained read (start address 0x0009)
+}
+
+// "Stop polling now" from inside on_response() works: the completing command is exposed to the
+// clear routines, which detach it, cancelling the pending continuous re-queue.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ClearDeviceDuringDataCancelsContinuousRequeue) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearOnDataDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+
+  // "Stop polling now" from inside on_response() works: the completing command is detached, so the
+  // continuous re-queue is cancelled.
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// A device that stops polling for its address (clear by address) from inside on_response().
+class ClearAddressOnDataDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearAddressOnDataDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->clear_tx_queue_for_address();
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// The address-scoped clear cancels the mid-completion re-queue the same way the device-scoped one does.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ClearAddressDuringDataCancelsContinuousRequeue) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearAddressOnDataDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Overrides only the DEPRECATED on_modbus_* names: the new-name default implementations must forward, so
+// external devices written against the old names keep working through the deprecation window.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+class LegacyNameDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  LegacyNameDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_modbus_not_sent() override { this->legacy_not_sent_++; }
+  bool on_modbus_no_response() override {
+    this->legacy_no_response_++;
+    return false;
+  }
+  int legacy_not_sent_{0};
+  int legacy_no_response_{0};
+};
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+}  // namespace
+
+// send_pdu() was renamed queue_pdu() because the call queues a request rather than transmitting one.
+// The old spelling stays for the deprecation window with the signature 2026.7.4 shipped - void, no
+// CommandOptions - so a component built against a real release still compiles and still queues.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCompat, DeprecatedSendPduStillQueues) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  RetryingDevice device(&hub, 0x02, /*retry=*/false);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.send_pdu(read);  // deprecated device spelling: void, as 2026.7.4 shipped it
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  // A refusal is invisible to this spelling - no return value and no callback - so the only evidence
+  // is that nothing was queued. Reporting the refusal is exactly what moving to queue_pdu() buys.
+  device.send_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  // The deprecated hub spelling queues the same way, addressed explicitly.
+  const uint8_t other[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01};
+  hub.send_pdu(0x03, other, &device);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+
+  // Both frames resolve to the same owner. Drain them in turn: the device-spelling frame first (FIFO),
+  // then the hub-spelling frame - addressed to 0x03 yet owned by &device, so reaching device's
+  // on_no_response proves the request routes by owner pointer, not by address.
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);  // device-spelling frame (address 0x02)
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 2);  // hub-spelling frame (address 0x03, &device routing)
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCompat, LegacyCallbackNamesStillForward) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  LegacyNameDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // no reply -> on_no_response -> forwards to on_modbus_no_response
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_no_response_, 1);
+
+  // A refused send returns false with no callback, so exercise the forward through an accepted
+  // request instead: a cleared queue entry delivers on_not_sent(), which forwards to the old name.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(std::span<const uint8_t>()));  // empty PDU: refused at the door
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_not_sent_, 0);
+  const uint8_t queued[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(queued));
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_not_sent_, 1);
+}
+
+// The queue_pdu() capacity bound: a PDU larger than MAX_PDU_SIZE would build a frame past the RTU
+// 256-byte limit, so it is refused up front - false at the call site, no entry, no callback.
+TEST(ModbusClientHub, OversizedPduIsRefusedAtTheDoor) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  LegacyNameDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> big(MAX_PDU_SIZE + 1, 0x41);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(big));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.legacy_not_sent_, 0);  // refusals are returned, never delivered
+  EXPECT_TRUE(hub.tx_buffer_empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// --- ModbusDevice compatibility shim ------------------------------------------------------------
+// External components written against the pre-2026.8 API subclass ModbusDevice and override the
+// old callbacks; the shim adapts the span-based hooks back to those signatures.
+namespace {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+class LegacyApiDevice : public ModbusDevice {
+ public:
+  LegacyApiDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override { this->last_data_ = data; }
+  void on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) override {
+    this->last_error_fc_ = function_code;
+    this->last_error_code_ = exception_code;
+  }
+  std::vector<uint8_t> last_data_;
+  int last_error_fc_{-1};
+  int last_error_code_{-1};
+};
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ModbusDeviceShim, LegacyCallbacksReceiveTheOldShapes) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  LegacyApiDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  // Read response: on_modbus_data() historically received the payload after the function code and
+  // the byte-count byte, as an owning vector.
+  const uint8_t read_req[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02};
+  device.queue_pdu(read_req);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, response);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_data_, expected);
+
+  // Write echo: no byte-count byte, so the payload is everything after the function code.
+  const uint8_t write_req[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  device.queue_pdu(write_req);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, write_req);  // single-write responses echo the request
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected_echo{0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2A};
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_data_, expected_echo);
+
+  // Exception response: on_modbus_error() received the masked function code and the exception code.
+  device.queue_pdu(read_req);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t error[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_error_fc_, 0x03);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.last_error_code_, 0x02);
+}
+
+// --- typed send helpers --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Each helper is a one-line forward onto a merged builder; these pin the function code and wire
+// bytes each one queues, so a swapped code or transposed field cannot survive review silently.
+TEST(ModbusTypedSendHelpers, HelpersQueueExpectedPdus) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ModbusClientDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+  auto check = [&](const std::vector<uint8_t> &expected) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+    auto pdu = hub.queued(0).frame.pdu();
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+    hub.force_send_next();
+    hub.timeout_waiting();  // default on_no_response() declines the retry, dropping the frame
+  };
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x0102, 3);
+  check({0x03, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03});
+  device.read_input_registers(0x0010, 2);
+  check({0x04, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02});
+  device.read_coils(0x0020, 10);
+  check({0x01, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x0A});
+  device.read_discrete_inputs(0x0030, 1);
+  check({0x02, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01});
+  device.write_single_register(0x0040, 0xABCD);
+  check({0x06, 0x00, 0x40, 0xAB, 0xCD});
+  device.write_single_coil(0x0041, true);
+  check({0x05, 0x00, 0x41, 0xFF, 0x00});
+  device.write_single_coil(0x0041, false);
+  check({0x05, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00});
+  const uint16_t regs[] = {0x000B, 0x0016};
+  device.write_multiple_registers(0x0050, regs);
+  check({0x10, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16});
+  const bool coils[] = {true, false, true};
+  device.write_multiple_coils(0x0060, coils);
+  check({0x0F, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x03, 0x01, 0x05});
+  const uint8_t packed[] = {0x05};
+  device.write_multiple_coils(0x0060, PackedBits(packed, 3));  // packed overload, same wire bytes
+  check({0x0F, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x03, 0x01, 0x05});
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedSendHelpers, ReadEntitiesDispatchesByTypeAndRejectsInvalid) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ModbusClientDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.read_entities(EntityType::HOLDING, 0x0001, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).frame.pdu()[0], 0x03);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  device.read_entities(EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT, 0x0001, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).frame.pdu()[0], 0x02);
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  device.read_entities(EntityType::CUSTOM, 0x0001, 1);  // no read function: logged and not queued
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A rejected read_entities() returns false like every other refused send.
+namespace {
+class NotSentCountingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  NotSentCountingDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->not_sent_++; }
+  int not_sent_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedSendHelpers, InvalidReadEntitiesIsRefusedAtTheDoor) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  NotSentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.read_entities(EntityType::CUSTOM, 0x0001, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_, 0);  // refused sends report through the return value
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Re-sends its own frame from inside on_response() - matching the command mid-completion.
+class ResendOnDataDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ResendOnDataDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu) override {
+    this->queue_pdu(std::vector<uint8_t>(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end()));
+  }
+  void queue_pdu(const std::vector<uint8_t> &pdu) { ModbusClientDevice::queue_pdu(pdu); }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A send from inside on_response() that matches the RECEIVED (completing) entry is absorbed into it,
+// never a fresh twin. Here it is a one-shot re-send of a continuous poll, so it also downgrades the
+// poll to a one-shot: one entry on the queue afterwards, now non-continuous.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ResendFromOnResponseAbsorbsIntoCompletingCommand) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendOnDataDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.read_holding_registers(0x100, 2, {.continuous = true});
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);  // handler re-sends the identical frame mid-completion
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);              // absorbed into the same entry, not a fresh twin
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.queued(0).options.continuous);  // the one-shot re-send downgraded the poll
+}
+
+// An exception-flagged function code is never silently re-sendable, even though the read check
+// masks the exception bit: its duplicate takes the drop path like any other non-read.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ExceptionFlaggedDuplicateDroppedNotPromoted) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t weird[] = {0x83, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};  // read-shaped but exception-flagged
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(weird));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.queue_pdu(weird));  // non-requeueable: cap of one, so the duplicate is refused
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);
+
+  // The write-shaped twin (0x86 masks to WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) must not take WRITE-class
+  // ordering either: exception-flagged codes are excluded from the mutates classification.
+  const uint8_t weird_write[] = {0x86, 0x00, 0x10, 0xBE, 0xEF};
+  device.queue_pdu(weird_write);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(1).priority(), CommandPriority::READ);  // not WRITE
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
+  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.pdu()[0], 0x83);  // FIFO by age: it did not jump the older entry
+}
+
+namespace {
+// From inside the sweep's on_not_sent, re-sends the frame that is currently WAITING.
+class ResendInFlightOnNotSentDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ResendInFlightOnNotSentDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->not_sent_count_++;
+    if (this->not_sent_count_ == 1) {
+      const uint8_t same_as_waiting[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};  // == READ_PDU
+      this->queue_pdu(same_as_waiting);
+    }
+  }
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// A clear turns the waiting entry into a WAITING_RETIRED shell. The shell keeps its device (so the
+// in-flight request still gets its callback), but the dedup skips it, so a sweep handler re-sending
+// that frame queues fresh instead of being absorbed into the cleared shell and drained as on_not_sent.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, SweepResendAfterClearQueuesFreshNotAbsorbedIntoShell) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ResendInFlightOnNotSentDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();  // READ_PDU now waiting
+  const uint8_t queued_read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(queued_read);  // a queued frame for the sweep to notify
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 1);  // only the cleared queued frame, not the re-send
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);    // the handler's re-send queued fresh...
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);  // ...not absorbed into the cleared shell
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(hub.queued(0).frame.pdu().begin(), hub.queued(0).frame.pdu().end(), READ_PDU));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);  // in-flight one still awaiting a reply
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Gives up after a timeout by clearing its address from inside on_no_response() - the natural
+// "device is dead, drop my traffic" pattern, and the reentrant case the address clear must handle.
+class ClearAddressOnNoResponseDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  ClearAddressOnNoResponseDevice(ModbusClientHub *hub, uint8_t address) : ModbusClientDevice(hub, address) {}
+  bool on_no_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override {
+    this->no_response_count_++;
+    this->clear_tx_queue_for_address();
+    return false;  // gave up
+  }
+  void on_not_sent(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu) override { this->not_sent_count_++; }
+  int terminals() const { return this->no_response_count_ + this->not_sent_count_; }
+  int no_response_count_{0};
+  int not_sent_count_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A clear issued from inside on_no_response() must not cause the request to be resolved twice:
+// that callback already was its terminal, so the entry it hijacks owes nothing more.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, SelfClearFromNoResponseDoesNotDoubleResolve) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearAddressOnNoResponseDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 1);  // exactly one terminal for the one accepted request
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// The same entry standing for two accepted requests: the timeout resolves one, and the clear that
+// cancels the re-run must resolve exactly the other.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubNoResponse, SelfClearFromNoResponseResolvesTheAbsorbedRequestOnce) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  ClearAddressOnNoResponseDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(read_pdu()));  // absorbed: one entry, two requests
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.terminals(), 2);  // one per accepted request, no more
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A cleared in-flight frame must release the bus by both exits and still deliver the in-flight
+// request's usual callback (on_response here, on_no_response on timeout); no on_not_sent, no duplicate.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearedShellReleasesTheBusOnLateResponse) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
+
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);  // the late reply for the cleared frame
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());           // the bus is free again
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);          // the shell is gone
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 1);      // the in-flight request still got its response callback
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);  // no un-run duplicate
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearedShellReleasesTheBusOnTimeout) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();  // no reply ever arrives; the watchdog releases the shell
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);  // the in-flight request got its on_no_response
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);     // no un-run duplicate
+}
+
+// Clearing an interrupted (not-yet-notified) frame keeps its distrust: it becomes an
+// INTERRUPTED_RETIRED shell that still ends in on_no_response at the timeout - never delivering a
+// late response as on_response. No duplicate here, so no on_not_sent.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearInterruptedFrameGetsNoResponseAtTimeout) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);  // declines the retry (retries_ == 0)
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  const uint8_t stray_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x07, stray_pdu);  // wrong address: interrupts the transaction
+  hub.sweep_for_test();
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::INTERRUPTED);
+
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED);
+
+  // A late MATCHING response is ignored (distrust survives the clear), not delivered as on_response.
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.waiting());  // still held; the ignored response did not free the wire
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);  // the interrupted request's usual terminal, at the timeout
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 0);     // no un-run duplicate
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// The other order: clear a WAITING frame, THEN an unexpected frame arrives. The distrust must still
+// take hold - the cleared shell becomes INTERRUPTED_RETIRED and a later matching frame is ignored.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, InterruptAfterClearStillDistrusts) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::WAITING_RETIRED);
+
+  const uint8_t stray_pdu[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x07, stray_pdu);  // unexpected frame interrupts the cleared shell
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.waiting_command().state, FrameState::INTERRUPTED_RETIRED);
+
+  const uint8_t ok_response[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, ok_response);  // now-distrusted late response is ignored
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.data_count_, 0);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);
+}
+
+// A cleared waiting duplicate (pending 2) that times out: the duplicate drains to on_not_sent and
+// the in-flight request gets on_no_response, with nothing re-transmitted (sweep runs before timeout).
+TEST(ModbusClientHubQueue, ClearedInFlightDuplicateTimesOutWithoutRerunning) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // absorbed: one entry, pending 2
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 2u);
+  hub.force_send_next();  // sent, pending still 2
+  hub.clear_tx_queue_for_address(0x02);
+
+  hub.timeout_waiting();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.not_sent_count_, 1);     // the un-run duplicate
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.no_response_count_, 1);  // the in-flight request's usual terminal
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 0u);       // nothing re-transmitted
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.entries(), 0u);             // fully drained and erased
+  EXPECT_FALSE(hub.waiting());
+}
+
+// An absorbed extra request also gets its run after an error response - the re-request was
+// explicit, so it runs once more whether this attempt succeeded or not.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubCallbackCount, AbsorbedRequestRunsAfterErrorResponse) {
+  NullUART uart;
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();
+  DataCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());
+  hub.force_send_next();
+  device.queue_pdu(read_pdu());  // waiting duplicate: absorbed
+  const uint8_t exception_response[] = {0x83, 0x02};
+  hub.receive_frame_for_test(0x02, exception_response);  // error terminal for request 1
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.error_count_, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 1u);  // request 2's run still queued
+  EXPECT_EQ(hub.queued(0).pending, 1u);
+}
+
+// Read-modify-write function codes mutate registers, so they rank as WRITE for transmit ordering.
+TEST(ModbusClientHubPriority, ReadModifyWritesRankAsWrites) {
+  NoResponseProbeHub hub;
+  SentCountingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
+  const uint8_t mask_write[] = {0x16, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x01};
+  device.queue_pdu(read);
+  device.queue_pdu(mask_write);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(hub.queued_frames(), 2u);
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand *next = hub.next_ready();
+  ASSERT_NE(next, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->priority(), CommandPriority::WRITE);  // 0x16 wins selection over the queued read
+  EXPECT_EQ(next->frame.pdu()[0], 0x16);
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
index ecdca4df6d..53f51b016b 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
 
-using FC = ModbusFunctionCode;
+using FC = FunctionCode;
 
 // --- server_frame_length ---------------------------------------------------
 // Frame layout: address(1) + function(1) + ... + CRC(2). Fixtures borrowed from
@@ -83,6 +85,25 @@ TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, WriteMultipleByteCountCapped) {
   EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 9 + MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE * 2);
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadWriteMultipleByteCountCappedAtSpecLimit) {
+  // FC 0x17's write byte count caps at the spec 6.17 limit of 121 registers (242 bytes), deliberately
+  // tighter than FC 0x10's 123, so a corrupt byte count cannot make the parser wait past the real frame.
+  const uint8_t pdu[] = {0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xFF};  // claims 255 bytes
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)), 10 + MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW * 2);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadWriteMultipleUsesByteCount) {
+  // read start(2) + read qty(2) + write start(2) + write qty(2) + byte count(1) then data
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x17, 0x9C, 0xB9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x9C, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 13 + 4);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadWriteMultipleMissingByteCount) {
+  // header present up to the write quantity but the byte count byte (frame[10]) is absent
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x17, 0x9C, 0xB9, 0x00, 0x02, 0x9C, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 13);
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, WriteMultipleMissingByteCount) {
   const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
   EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 9);
@@ -97,6 +118,124 @@ TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, MiscFixedAndUnknown) {
   EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(unknown, sizeof(unknown)), MIN_FRAME_SIZE);
 }
 
+// --- file-record length cap --------------------------------------------------
+// FC 0x14/0x15 are parsed only to keep the frame parser in sync; the byte count caps at 251
+// (MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2), reproducing the released frame-relative bound of MAX_FRAME_SIZE - 5.
+
+TEST(ModbusFileRecordCap, PduLengthCapsByteCountAt251) {
+  const uint8_t pdu[] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_FILE_RECORD), 0xFF};  // claims 255 bytes
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)), 2 + (MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)), 2 + (MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2));
+  // Frame wrappers: address(1) + PDU + CRC(2) stays within the RTU 256-byte frame limit.
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::WRITE_FILE_RECORD), 0xFF};
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusFileRecordCap, StandardChecksAcceptUpTo251) {
+  // A full-length PDU at the cap: function(1) + byte count(1) + 251 data bytes = MAX_PDU_SIZE.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> at_cap(MAX_PDU_SIZE, 0x00);
+  at_cap[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_FILE_RECORD);
+  at_cap[1] = MAX_PDU_SIZE - 2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(at_cap.data(), at_cap.size()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(at_cap.data(), at_cap.size()));
+  // Byte count 252 in the same 253-byte buffer: the parsed length still matches (capped), so this
+  // exercises the byte-count bound itself rather than the length identity.
+  at_cap[1] = MAX_PDU_SIZE - 1;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(at_cap.data(), at_cap.size()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(at_cap.data(), at_cap.size()));
+}
+
+// --- is_client_pdu_standard / is_server_pdu_standard -------------------------
+// The gatekeepers for the typed client dispatch: a PDU must be exactly its function code's standard
+// shape, with byte count, quantity, and address range all consistent.
+
+TEST(ModbusPduStandard, ClientReadAndWriteConformant) {
+  const uint8_t read_regs[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(read_regs, sizeof(read_regs)));
+  const uint8_t write_regs[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(write_regs, sizeof(write_regs)));
+  // 10 coils pack into 2 data bytes - the coil formula, not the register one.
+  const uint8_t write_coils[] = {0x0F, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0xFF, 0x03};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(write_coils, sizeof(write_coils)));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusPduStandard, ClientRejectsNonConformant) {
+  // Truncated: header claims 4 data bytes, only 2 present.
+  const uint8_t truncated[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(truncated, sizeof(truncated)));
+  // Byte count disagrees with quantity (2 registers need 4 bytes, header says 2).
+  const uint8_t inconsistent[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(inconsistent, sizeof(inconsistent)));
+  // Coil write using the register byte-count formula (10 coils with 20 data bytes).
+  const uint8_t coil_as_regs[] = {0x0F, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                                  0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(coil_as_regs, sizeof(coil_as_regs)));
+  // Quantity zero and quantity beyond the per-function-code maximum.
+  const uint8_t zero_qty[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(zero_qty, sizeof(zero_qty)));
+  const uint8_t too_many[] = {0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E};  // 126 > 125
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(too_many, sizeof(too_many)));
+  // Address range overflow: 0xFFFF + 2 registers exceeds the 16-bit register space.
+  const uint8_t wraps[] = {0x03, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(wraps, sizeof(wraps)));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusPduStandard, ServerReadResponses) {
+  const uint8_t ok[] = {0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(ok, sizeof(ok)));
+  // Byte-count header disagrees with the actual length.
+  const uint8_t lying[] = {0x03, 0x06, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(lying, sizeof(lying)));
+  // An empty PDU (the on_error path) is not a standard response.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(ok, 0));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusPduStandard, ServerResponsesRejectDegenerateShapes) {
+  // A read response always carries data: byte count zero is non-conformant.
+  const uint8_t zero_bc[] = {0x03, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(zero_bc, sizeof(zero_bc)));
+  // Registers are 2 bytes each: an odd byte count would silently truncate a register.
+  const uint8_t odd_bc[] = {0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(odd_bc, sizeof(odd_bc)));
+  // Bit reads have no parity requirement: one packed byte is a fine coil response.
+  const uint8_t coil_one_byte[] = {0x01, 0x01, 0x05};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(coil_one_byte, sizeof(coil_one_byte)));
+  // A write-multiple echo claiming 65535 registers written is bounded like the request side.
+  const uint8_t wild_echo[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(wild_echo, sizeof(wild_echo)));
+  const uint8_t ok_echo[] = {0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(ok_echo, sizeof(ok_echo)));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusPduStandard, SingleCoilValueMustBeCanonical) {
+  // FC 0x05's value field allows exactly 0xFF00 (ON) and 0x0000 (OFF); anything else is non-standard.
+  const uint8_t on[] = {0x05, 0x00, 0x10, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  const uint8_t off[] = {0x05, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00};
+  const uint8_t junk[] = {0x05, 0x00, 0x10, 0x12, 0x34};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(on, sizeof(on)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(off, sizeof(off)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(junk, sizeof(junk)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(on, sizeof(on)));  // the response echoes the request
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_server_pdu_standard(junk, sizeof(junk)));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusPduStandard, NonStandardFunctionCodesAcceptedOnLengthAlone) {
+  // Custom, unimplemented, and exception function codes have no standard shape to check: they are
+  // accepted whenever the parsed length matches, so a dispatcher can still route them by function
+  // code instead of having them rejected outright. This is the documented contract - see the header.
+  const uint8_t custom[] = {0x42};  // user-defined space; 1 byte matches the MIN_PDU_SIZE fallback
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(custom, sizeof(custom)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(custom, sizeof(custom)));
+  const uint8_t unimplemented[] = {0x07};  // READ_EXCEPTION_STATUS
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(unimplemented, sizeof(unimplemented)));
+  const uint8_t exception[] = {0x83, 0x02};  // exception response; length pinned to 2 bytes
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_server_pdu_standard(exception, sizeof(exception)));
+  // The length identity still gates: extra bytes beyond the parsed fallback are non-conformant.
+  const uint8_t custom_long[] = {0x42, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_client_pdu_standard(custom_long, sizeof(custom_long)));
+}
+
 // --- create_client_pdu -----------------------------------------------------
 // PDU = function code + data (no address, no CRC).
 
@@ -179,19 +318,67 @@ TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteMultipleOverEntityLimitReturnsEmpty) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
 }
 
+// The generic write path requires the data length to agree exactly with the entity count
+// (registers: 2 bytes each; coils: 8 packed per byte) - the same rule the response dispatch
+// enforces via is_client_pdu_standard(), so a frame built here always passes that gate.
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteMultipleRejectsMismatchedDataLength) {
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  // 2 registers need exactly 4 data bytes.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 2, values, 3).empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 2, values, 4).empty());
+  // 10 coils pack into exactly 2 data bytes - the coil formula, not the register one.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, 0x0000, 10, values, 2).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, 0x0000, 10, values, 4).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteCoilsUseTheCoilLimitNotTheRegisterLimit) {
+  // 200 coils: above the 123-register write limit but well within the 1968-coil limit; 25 data bytes.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> values(25, 0xAA);
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, 0x0000, 200, values.data(), values.size());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(pdu.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(pdu[5], 25);                                        // byte count uses the coil formula
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(pdu.data(), pdu.size()));  // builder output passes the validator
+  // Builder and validator agree at the top of the range too: 1969 coils rejected.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> big((1969 + 7) / 8, 0x00);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, 0x0000, 1969, big.data(), big.size()).empty());
+}
+
+// --- payload_to_number -----------------------------------------------------
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberRejectsOffsetAtEndOfBuffer) {
   const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34};
-  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 2, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::U_WORD, 2, 0xFFFFFFFF).has_value());
 }
 
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberRejectsTruncatedMultiRegisterValue) {
   const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34, 0x56};
-  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF).has_value());
 }
 
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberDecodesValidWord) {
   const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34};
-  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::U_WORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberDecodesSwappedUnsignedWord) {
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x34, 0x12};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::U_WORD_S, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberDecodesSwappedSignedWord) {
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0xFE, 0xFF};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::S_WORD_S, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), -2);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberAppliesBitmaskAfterSwap) {
+  // Bytes {0x34,0x12} decode as U_WORD_S to 0x1234; mask 0xFF00 then right-shift by bit 8 -> 0x12
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x34, 0x12};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::U_WORD_S, 0, 0xFF00), 0x12);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberAppliesBitmaskAfterSwapSigned) {
+  // Bytes {0x34,0xFE} decode as S_WORD_S to 0xFE34 (negative); mask 0x00F0 then right-shift by bit 4 -> 0x3
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x34, 0xFE};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(data), SensorValueType::S_WORD_S, 0, 0x00F0), 0x3);
 }
 
 // --- registers_to_number ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -202,6 +389,16 @@ TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesWord) {
   EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_WORD), 0x1234);
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesSwappedUnsignedWord) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x3412};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_WORD_S), 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesSwappedSignedWord) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0xFEFF};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::S_WORD_S), -2);
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesDwordHighWordFirst) {
   const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234, 0x5678};
   EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 2, SensorValueType::U_DWORD), 0x12345678);
@@ -218,16 +415,291 @@ TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberMatchesPayloadToNumber) {
   const uint16_t registers[] = {0x8001, 0x0002};
   const std::vector<uint8_t> bytes{0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02};
   for (auto value_type : {SensorValueType::S_DWORD, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R}) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 2, value_type), payload_to_number(bytes, value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF))
+    EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 2, value_type),
+              payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(bytes), value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF))
         << "value_type=" << static_cast<int>(value_type);
   }
 }
 
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberRejectsTruncatedMultiRegisterValue) {
   const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234};
-  bool error = false;
-  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, &error), 0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(error);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_DWORD).has_value());
+}
+
+// --- packed bit helpers ------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PackBitsAppendsToContainer) {
+  // Bits are packed LSB first: the first value is bit 0 of the first byte, and the push_back
+  // overload appends packed bytes onto a growable container preserving existing content.
+  std::vector<bool> bits{true, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, true, true};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> out{0x55};  // pre-existing content must be preserved
+  pack_bits(out, bits);
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 3u);  // leading byte + 2 packed bytes (10 bits)
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x55);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[1], 0x0D);  // 0b00001101
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[2], 0x03);  // bits 8 and 9 -> bits 0,1 of second byte
+}
+
+// --- typed builders ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, ReadPduWireBytes) {
+  auto pdu = create_read_pdu(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0x0102, 3);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x03, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
+  // Reads that run past the 16-bit address space are refused.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_pdu(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0xFFFF, 2).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, WriteSinglePduWireBytes) {
+  auto reg = create_write_single_register_pdu(0x0010, 0xABCD);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected_reg{0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0xAB, 0xCD};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(reg.begin(), reg.end()), expected_reg);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(reg.data(), reg.size()));
+  auto coil_on = create_write_single_coil_pdu(0x0011, true);
+  auto coil_off = create_write_single_coil_pdu(0x0011, false);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected_on{0x05, 0x00, 0x11, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected_off{0x05, 0x00, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(coil_on.begin(), coil_on.end()), expected_on);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(coil_off.begin(), coil_off.end()), expected_off);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(coil_on.data(), coil_on.size()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(coil_off.data(), coil_off.size()));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, WriteRegistersPduWireBytes) {
+  const uint16_t values[] = {0x000B, 0x0016};
+  auto pdu = create_write_registers_pdu(0x0000, values);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
+  // Writes that run past the 16-bit address space are refused.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_registers_pdu(0xFFFF, values).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, WriteRegistersPduRejectsOverLimit) {
+  std::vector<uint16_t> values(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE + 1, 0xAAAA);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_registers_pdu(0x0000, values).empty());
+  values.pop_back();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_write_registers_pdu(0x0000, values).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersPduWireBytes) {
+  const uint16_t write_values[] = {0x000B, 0x0016};
+  // Read 2 registers at 0x0010, write 2 registers at 0x0020.
+  auto pdu = create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0010, 2, 0x0020, write_values);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x17, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20,
+                                      0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_client_pdu_standard(pdu.data(), pdu.size()));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, ReadWriteMultipleRegistersPduRejectsOutOfRange) {
+  const uint16_t one_value[] = {0x0001};
+  const uint16_t two_values[] = {0x0001, 0x0002};
+  // Read count out of range (zero and above the read ceiling).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 0, 0x0020, one_value).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ + 1, 0x0020, one_value).empty());
+  // Write count out of range (empty, and above the read/write ceiling which is lower than a plain write).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 1, 0x0020, std::span<const uint16_t>()).empty());
+  std::vector<uint16_t> too_many(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW + 1, 0xAAAA);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 1, 0x0020, too_many).empty());
+  // Both blocks at their respective ceilings are accepted.
+  std::vector<uint16_t> at_write_limit(MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE_RW, 0xAAAA);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ, 0x0020, at_write_limit).empty());
+  // A block that runs past the 16-bit address space is refused (read block, then write block).
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0xFFFF, 2, 0x0020, one_value).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 2, 0xFFFF, two_values).empty());
+  // Accept boundary: a block ending exactly at 0x10000 (last register 0xFFFF) still fits.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0xFFFE, 2, 0x0000, one_value).empty());  // read ends at 0x10000
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      create_read_write_multiple_registers_pdu(0x0000, 1, 0xFFFF, one_value).empty());  // write ends at 0x10000
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusFunctionCodeClass, ReadWriteMultipleCountsAsBothReadAndWrite) {
+  const auto rw = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS);
+  // 0x17 both reads and writes, but it is not a pure (retry-safe) read.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_read(rw));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_write(rw));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read_only(rw));
+  // Pure reads are read and read-only, never write.
+  const auto rd = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_read(rd));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_read_only(rd));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_write(rd));
+  // Plain writes are write only.
+  const auto wr = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_write(wr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read(wr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read_only(wr));
+  // Mask-write register mutates via read-modify-write, so it classes as a write, never a read.
+  const auto mask = static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_function_code_write(mask));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read(mask));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_function_code_read_only(mask));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadWriteMultipleReturnsEmpty) {
+  // The generic builder cannot express 0x17's two blocks; callers use the dedicated builder instead.
+  const uint16_t values[] = {0x0001};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FC::READ_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 1, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(values),
+                                sizeof(values))
+                  .empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, FloatToPayloadAppendsToExistingContent) {
+  // The container overload appends - the semantic every migrated caller relies on when a lambda
+  // has already put words into the buffer.
+  std::vector<uint16_t> data{0x1234};
+  float_to_payload(data, 1.0f, SensorValueType::U_WORD);
+  ASSERT_EQ(data.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(data[0], 0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(data[1], 0x0001);
+}
+
+// --- number_to_payload -----------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, NumberToPayloadRoundTripsSwappedUnsignedWord) {
+  std::vector<uint16_t> regs;
+  number_to_payload(regs, 0x1234, SensorValueType::U_WORD_S);
+  ASSERT_EQ(regs.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(regs[0], 0x3412);
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(regs.data(), regs.size(), SensorValueType::U_WORD_S), 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, NumberToPayloadRoundTripsSwappedSignedWord) {
+  std::vector<uint16_t> regs;
+  number_to_payload(regs, -2, SensorValueType::S_WORD_S);
+  ASSERT_EQ(regs.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(regs[0], 0xFEFF);
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(regs.data(), regs.size(), SensorValueType::S_WORD_S), -2);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ExceptionFlaggedWriteCodesRejected) {
+  // is_function_code_write() masks the exception bit; the builder must not.
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FunctionCode(0x90), 0x0000, 2, values, 4).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FunctionCode(0x85), 0x0000, 1, values, 2).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTypedBuilders, BoolSpanCoilBuilderRejectsOverLimit) {
+  // This early guard is what keeps the 246-byte packing buffer from overflowing - the shared core's
+  // identical check runs after packing, so it cannot protect it.
+  auto big = std::make_unique<bool[]>(MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_coils_pdu(0, std::span<const bool>(big.get(), MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE + 1)).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, GenericCoilWriteMasksTrailingPadBits) {
+  // 10 coils with junk in the pad bits of the last data byte: the generic path masks them like the
+  // typed builder, so both produce identical wire bytes.
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0xFF, 0xFF};
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, 0x0000, 10, values, 2);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(pdu.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(pdu[pdu.size() - 1], 0x03);  // bits 8-9 kept, pad bits 10-15 zeroed
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, SingleCoilValueValidated) {
+  const uint8_t on[] = {0xFF, 0x00};
+  const uint8_t junk[] = {0x01, 0x00};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, 0x0003, 1, on, 2).empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, 0x0003, 1, junk, 2).empty());
+}
+
+// --- create_write_coils_pdu (packed) ---------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusWriteCoilsPacked, MatchesBoolBuilder) {
+  const bool coils[] = {true, false, true, true, false, false, true, false, true, true};
+  uint8_t packed[] = {0b01001101, 0b00000011};
+  auto from_bools = create_write_coils_pdu(0x13, coils);
+  auto from_packed = create_write_coils_pdu(0x13, PackedBits(packed, 10));
+  ASSERT_EQ(from_packed.size(), from_bools.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(from_packed.data(), from_bools.data(), from_bools.size()));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusWriteCoilsPacked, MasksUnusedTrailingBits) {
+  uint8_t packed[] = {0xFF};
+  auto pdu = create_write_coils_pdu(0, PackedBits(packed, 3));
+  ASSERT_EQ(pdu.size(), 7u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pdu[6], 0x07);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusWriteCoilsPacked, RejectsShortBufferAndZeroCount) {
+  uint8_t packed[] = {0xFF};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_coils_pdu(0, PackedBits(packed, 9)).empty());  // needs 2 bytes
+  EXPECT_TRUE(create_write_coils_pdu(0, PackedBits(packed, 0)).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PackedBitsReadsLsbFirst) {
+  const uint8_t packed[] = {0x0D, 0x03};  // bits 0,2,3 and 8,9
+  PackedBits bits(packed, 11);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bits.size(), 11u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bits[0]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bits[1]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bits[2]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bits[3]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bits[7]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bits[8]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bits[9]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bits[10]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bits.bytes().size(), 2u);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, MutablePackedBitsSetsAndClears) {
+  uint8_t packed[2] = {0x00, 0xFF};
+  MutablePackedBits bits(packed, 16);
+  bits.set(0, true);
+  bits.set(3, true);
+  bits.set(9, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed[0], 0x09);  // bits 0 and 3
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed[1], 0xFD);  // bit 9 (bit 1 of byte 1) cleared
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, MutablePackedBitsRoundTripAndConversion) {
+  const bool original[] = {true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, true};
+  constexpr uint16_t count = sizeof(original);
+  uint8_t packed[(count + 7) / 8] = {};
+  MutablePackedBits out(packed, count);
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i != count; i++)
+    out.set(i, original[i]);
+  PackedBits view = out;  // implicit conversion to the read-only view
+  ASSERT_EQ(view.size(), count);
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i != count; i++)
+    EXPECT_EQ(view[i], original[i]) << "bit " << i;
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PackedBitsViewContractsEnforced) {
+  uint8_t buf[8] = {};
+  PackedBits view(buf, 10);  // 10 bits -> 2 bytes, over an 8-byte buffer
+  EXPECT_EQ(view.bytes().size(), 2u);
+
+  MutablePackedBits bits(std::span<uint8_t>(buf, 2), 10);
+  bits.set(9, true);    // in range: lands in byte 1
+  bits.set(10, true);   // out of range: dropped
+  bits.set(300, true);  // far out of range: dropped, no write past the span
+
+  MutablePackedBits short_bits(std::span<uint8_t>(buf, 1), 10);  // contract-violating: 10 bits over 1 byte
+  short_bits.set(9, false);  // within count_ but past the span: dropped (would clear bit 9 set above)
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], 0x02);
+  for (size_t i = 2; i < sizeof(buf); i++)
+    EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], 0) << "byte " << i;
+}
+
+// server_pdu_payload() must never classify an exception PDU as a read: [fc|0x80, code] is 2 bytes, and a
+// read-offset of 2 would return an empty span, losing the exception code. The payload of an exception PDU
+// is the exception code byte, for reads and writes alike.
+TEST(ModbusServerPduPayload, ExceptionOfReadYieldsExceptionCode) {
+  const uint8_t pdu[] = {0x83, 0x02};  // exception response to READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS
+  auto payload = server_pdu_payload(pdu);
+  ASSERT_EQ(payload.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload[0], 0x02);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerPduPayload, ExceptionOfWriteYieldsExceptionCode) {
+  const uint8_t pdu[] = {0x86, 0x03};  // exception response to WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER
+  auto payload = server_pdu_payload(pdu);
+  ASSERT_EQ(payload.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload[0], 0x03);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus::helpers
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_server_coils_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_server_coils_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4bf3f6b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_server_coils_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A server device backed by a small coil array: reads deliver the stored bits, writes apply them.
+class CoilDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit CoilDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->read_count++;
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++)
+      bits.set(i, this->coils[start_address + i]);
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_write_coils(uint16_t start_address, PackedBits bits) override {
+    this->write_count++;
+    this->last_write_count = bits.size();
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < bits.size(); i++)
+      this->coils[start_address + i] = bits[i];
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  bool coils[32] = {};
+  int read_count{0};
+  int write_count{0};
+  uint16_t last_write_count{0};
+};
+
+// A device with no bit handlers, to exercise the ILLEGAL_FUNCTION defaults.
+class NoBitsDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit NoBitsDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+};
+
+// Distinguishes the two bit-read entry points: each fills a different pattern and counts its calls, so a
+// test can prove FC 0x01 vs 0x02 dispatch routes to the right handler (and not merely that bits came back).
+class DualReadDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit DualReadDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+
+  ResponseStatus on_read_coils(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->coil_reads++;
+    bits.set(0, true);  // pattern 0x01
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  ResponseStatus on_read_discrete_inputs(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->discrete_reads++;
+    bits.set(1, true);  // pattern 0x02
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+
+  int coil_reads{0};
+  int discrete_reads{0};
+};
+
+// Overrides only on_read_bits() - the shared fallback the header documents that on_read_coils() and
+// on_read_discrete_inputs() default to. Both FC 0x01 and FC 0x02 must reach it.
+class BitsOnlyDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {
+ public:
+  explicit BitsOnlyDevice(uint8_t address) { this->set_address(address); }
+  ResponseStatus on_read_bits(uint16_t start_address, MutablePackedBits bits) override {
+    this->calls++;
+    bits.set(0, true);  // set bit 0 so the response proves the fallback ran
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  int calls{0};
+};
+
+using testing::RecordingUART;
+
+// Exposes the client-frame parser so a fully CRC-framed request can be pushed through the hub.
+class TestServerHub : public ModbusServerHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return false; }
+
+  void prime_send_timestamps_for_test() {
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    this->last_modbus_byte_ = now;
+    this->last_send_ = now;
+  }
+
+  bool process_full_client_frame_for_test(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *pdu_data,
+                                          size_t pdu_data_len) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    this->rx_buffer_.reserve(pdu_data_len + 4);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(function_code);
+    this->rx_buffer_.insert(this->rx_buffer_.end(), pdu_data, pdu_data + pdu_data_len);
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+    return this->parse_modbus_client_frame_();
+  }
+};
+
+struct CoilFixture {
+  CoilFixture() {
+    hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+    hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+    hub.register_device(&device);
+  }
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  CoilDevice device{0x02};
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A coil read returns byte count + packed bits, set by the handler directly in the response buffer.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ReadCoilsReturnsPackedBits) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+  f.device.coils[0] = true;
+  f.device.coils[2] = true;
+  f.device.coils[3] = true;
+  f.device.coils[9] = true;
+
+  // FC 0x01: start 0x0000, quantity 10 -> 2 packed bytes
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 1);
+  // Response: address(1) + fc(1) + byte count(1) + packed(2) + CRC(2)
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 7u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[0], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], 2u);    // byte count
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[3], 0x0D);  // coils 0,2,3
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[4], 0x02);  // coil 9 -> bit 1 of byte 1
+}
+
+// A device overriding only on_read_bits() - the documented fallback - still serves both FC 0x01 (coils)
+// and FC 0x02 (discrete inputs), since on_read_coils()/on_read_discrete_inputs() default to it.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ReadBitsFallbackServesBothCoilsAndDiscreteInputs) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  BitsOnlyDevice device{0x05};
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};  // start 0x0000, quantity 1
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x05, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                     sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.calls, 1);
+  // address(1) + fc(1) + byte count(1) + packed(1) + CRC(2); bit 0 set -> 0x01
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 6u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x01);
+
+  uart.written.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x05, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS),
+                                                     pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.calls, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 6u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x01);
+}
+
+// A multiple-coil write hands the handler the packed wire bytes and echoes the request header.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, WriteMultipleCoilsAppliesPackedBits) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // FC 0x0F: start 0x0000, quantity 10, byte count 2, packed values 0x0D 0x02
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x02, 0x0D, 0x02};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.last_write_count, 10u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[0]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(f.device.coils[1]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[2]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[3]);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[9]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(f.device.coils[10]);
+  // Response echoes start address + quantity: address(1) + fc(1) + start(2) + quantity(2) + CRC(2)
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 8u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS));
+}
+
+// A single-coil write (FC 0x05) is normalized to a one-bit packed buffer.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, WriteSingleCoilNormalizedToOneBit) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_on[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x00};  // coil 3 ON
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                       pdu_on, sizeof(pdu_on)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.last_write_count, 1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(f.device.coils[3]);
+
+  f.uart.written.clear();
+  f.hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  const uint8_t pdu_off[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00};  // coil 3 OFF
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                       pdu_off, sizeof(pdu_off)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(f.device.coils[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 2);
+}
+
+// An invalid single-coil value (not 0xFF00/0x0000) is rejected with ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE, no write.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, InvalidSingleCoilValueRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0x12, 0x34};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);  // one exception frame
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+// Read quantity validation lives in the shared read-request parser, so the register and bit reads cannot
+// drift apart. These pin both ends of the range for coils; the register case below pins that the same
+// parser is on that path too.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ZeroCoilReadQuantityRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // FC 0x01: start 0x0000, quantity 0 - a read of nothing is out of spec.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);  // one exception frame
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, OverLimitCoilReadQuantityRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // One past MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ (2000 = 0x07D0), which no frame could carry anyway.
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD1};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+// The register read path shares that parser, so a zero quantity is rejected there identically. Lives
+// beside the coil cases deliberately: together they are what stops the shared parser being bypassed on
+// one side without the other noticing.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ZeroRegisterReadQuantityRejectedByTheSameParser) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+}
+
+// A device without bit handlers rejects coil requests with ILLEGAL_FUNCTION via the defaults.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, UnhandledCoilReadIsIllegalFunction) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  NoBitsDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                     sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION));
+}
+
+// The view contracts are enforced, not merely documented: bytes() returns exactly ceil(size()/8) bytes
+// even over a larger buffer (forwarding it can never leak trailing buffer content), and set() drops
+// out-of-range bits instead of writing past the span (on the server read path that span wraps a stack
+// response buffer).
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, PackedBitsViewContractsEnforced) {
+  uint8_t buf[8] = {};
+  PackedBits view(buf, 10);  // 10 bits -> 2 bytes, over an 8-byte buffer
+  EXPECT_EQ(view.bytes().size(), 2u);
+
+  PackedBits short_view(std::span<const uint8_t>(buf, 1), 10);  // contract-violating: 10 bits over 1 byte
+  EXPECT_EQ(short_view.bytes().size(), 1u);  // clamped to the real span, not a fabricated 2-byte span
+
+  MutablePackedBits bits(std::span<uint8_t>(buf, 2), 10);
+  bits.set(9, true);    // in range: lands in byte 1
+  bits.set(10, true);   // out of range: dropped
+  bits.set(300, true);  // far out of range: dropped, no write past the span
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], 0x02);
+  for (size_t i = 2; i < sizeof(buf); i++)
+    EXPECT_EQ(buf[i], 0) << "byte " << i;
+}
+
+// FC 0x02 must dispatch to on_read_discrete_inputs, not on_read_coils: the two handlers fill different
+// patterns, so a swapped dispatch would fail on both the counters and the wire bytes.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, ReadDiscreteInputsDispatchesToItsOwnHandler) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  DualReadDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS),
+                                                     pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.discrete_reads, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.coil_reads, 0);
+  ASSERT_GE(uart.written.size(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x02);  // the discrete handler's pattern, not the coil handler's
+
+  uart.written.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                     sizeof(pdu_data)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.coil_reads, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.discrete_reads, 1);
+  ASSERT_GE(uart.written.size(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[3], 0x01);
+}
+
+// The write-side ILLEGAL_FUNCTION defaults: a device without bit handlers rejects coil writes too
+// (single and multiple), mirroring the read-side default already covered above.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, UnhandledCoilWriteIsIllegalFunction) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.prime_send_timestamps_for_test();
+  NoBitsDevice device(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t single[] = {0x00, 0x03, 0xFF, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL),
+                                                     single, sizeof(single)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION));
+
+  uart.written.clear();
+  const uint8_t multiple[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01, 0xAA};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS),
+                                                     multiple, sizeof(multiple)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION));
+}
+
+// FC 0x0F with a byte count that does not match ceil(quantity / 8) is ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE and never
+// reaches the handler.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, WriteCoilsByteCountMismatchRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // quantity 10 needs 2 bytes; claim 1
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x01, 0xFF};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS),
+                                                       pdu_data, sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.write_count, 0);
+}
+
+// A coil range that runs past address 0xFFFF is ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS and never reaches the handler.
+TEST(ModbusServerCoils, CoilAddressRangeOverflowRejected) {
+  CoilFixture f;
+
+  // start 0xFFF8, quantity 16 -> 0x10008 > 0x10000
+  const uint8_t pdu_data[] = {0xFF, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x10};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(f.hub.process_full_client_frame_for_test(0x02, static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS), pdu_data,
+                                                       sizeof(pdu_data)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(f.uart.written.size(), 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[1], static_cast<uint8_t>(FunctionCode::READ_COILS) | 0x80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.uart.written[2], static_cast<uint8_t>(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS));
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.device.read_count, 0);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_unknown_function_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_unknown_function_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b91d088b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_unknown_function_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Records custom-response dispatches so tests can assert an unknown-length frame reached the device.
+class CustomRecordingDevice : public ModbusClientDevice {
+ public:
+  using ModbusClientDevice::ModbusClientDevice;
+  void on_custom_response(std::span<const uint8_t> request_pdu, std::span<const uint8_t> response_pdu,
+                          ResponseStatus status) override {
+    this->requests.emplace_back(request_pdu.begin(), request_pdu.end());
+    this->responses.emplace_back(response_pdu.begin(), response_pdu.end());
+    this->statuses.push_back(status);
+  }
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> requests;
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> responses;
+  std::vector<ResponseStatus> statuses;
+};
+
+// Every handler keeps its ILLEGAL_FUNCTION default; the hub's dispatch is what is under test.
+class SilentServerDevice : public ModbusServerDevice {};
+
+// Drives full client frames through the server hub's receive path (same shape as the broadcast tests).
+class TestServerHub : public ModbusServerHub {
+ public:
+  bool tx_blocked() override { return false; }
+
+  // Builds a complete client frame (address + FC + data + CRC) and runs the full receive-side parser.
+  // Returns true once the buffer has fully drained.
+  bool run_receive_parser_for_test(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    this->rx_buffer_.reserve(data.size() + 4);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(address);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(function_code);
+    this->rx_buffer_.insert(this->rx_buffer_.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
+    uint16_t crc = crc16(this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size());
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(crc >> 8);
+    this->parse_modbus_frames();
+    return this->rx_buffer_.empty();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The frame-length parsers have explicit cases for exactly these 13 codes; every other value - the
+// assigned-but-unimplemented management codes, both user-defined ranges, and all unassigned codes -
+// must classify as unknown length. The exception flag masks off first.
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, HelperMatchesParserCoverage) {
+  for (uint8_t fc : {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18}) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << int(fc);
+  }
+  for (uint8_t fc : {0x07, 0x08, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x11, 0x2A, 0x41, 0x48, 0x49, 0x64, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x7F}) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << int(fc);
+  }
+  // Exception replies classify by their base code.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(0x83));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(0x87));
+  // Strictly wider than the user-defined ranges: every custom code is unknown-length, but not vice versa.
+  for (int fc = 0; fc <= 0xFF; fc++) {
+    if (helpers::is_function_code_custom(fc))
+      EXPECT_TRUE(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc)) << "fc 0x" << std::hex << fc;
+  }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(helpers::is_function_code_custom(0x49));
+
+  // Derived contract check: the helper must say "unknown" exactly when both length parsers fall
+  // through to default. With a zero-filled max-size PDU every explicit case returns at least 2
+  // (file records bottom out at 2, FIFO at 3) and only default returns MIN_PDU_SIZE, so comparing
+  // against MIN_PDU_SIZE detects a case added to either switch without updating the helper. The
+  // loop stops at 0x7F: above it the helper masks the exception flag off while client_pdu_length()
+  // switches on the unmasked byte and server_pdu_length() early-returns the exception length.
+  for (int fc = 0; fc <= 0x7F; fc++) {
+    const uint8_t pdu[MAX_PDU_SIZE] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(fc)};  // zero header fields
+    EXPECT_EQ(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc),
+              helpers::client_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)) == MIN_PDU_SIZE)
+        << "client_pdu_length disagrees for fc 0x" << std::hex << fc;
+    EXPECT_EQ(helpers::is_function_code_unknown_length(fc),
+              helpers::server_pdu_length(pdu, sizeof(pdu)) == MIN_PDU_SIZE)
+        << "server_pdu_length disagrees for fc 0x" << std::hex << fc;
+  }
+}
+
+// A response with a function code outside the user-defined ranges (0x49) has no length case in
+// server_pdu_length(), so the parser must find the frame end by CRC scan - the same way it already
+// handles user-defined codes. Frame: address + FC 0x49 + 3 data bytes + CRC = 7 bytes. Without the
+// scan the parser assumes a 4-byte frame, fails the CRC, and the response never reaches the device.
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, ClientParsesUnknownLengthResponse) {
+  InjectableUART uart;
+  ModbusClientHub hub;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+  hub.setup();  // computes frame timing from the baud rate
+  CustomRecordingDevice device(&hub, 0x02);
+
+  const uint8_t request[] = {0x49, 0x01};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(device.queue_pdu(request));
+  hub.loop();  // transmit
+  ASSERT_FALSE(uart.written.empty());
+
+  const uint8_t response_pdu[] = {0x49, 0x02, 0xAA, 0xBB};
+  uart.inject_frame(0x02, response_pdu);
+  hub.loop();  // receive + parse + match + dispatch
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(device.responses.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.requests[0], std::vector<uint8_t>(request, request + sizeof(request)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(device.responses[0], std::vector<uint8_t>(response_pdu, response_pdu + sizeof(response_pdu)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(device.statuses[0].has_value());
+}
+
+// The server side of the same gap: a request with FC 0x49 for a registered device must parse (CRC
+// scan again) so the hub can answer ILLEGAL_FUNCTION per the spec. Without the scan the frame fails
+// to parse and the client gets silence instead of the exception.
+TEST(ModbusUnknownFunction, ServerRepliesIllegalFunctionToUnknownLengthRequest) {
+  TestServerHub hub;
+  RecordingUART uart;
+  hub.set_uart_parent(&uart);
+
+  SilentServerDevice device;
+  device.set_address(0x02);
+  hub.register_device(&device);
+
+  const uint8_t data[] = {0x02, 0xAA, 0xBB};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(hub.run_receive_parser_for_test(0x02, 0x49, data));
+
+  // Expected reply: address + FC with exception flag + ILLEGAL_FUNCTION + CRC.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x02, 0xC9, 0x01};
+  uint16_t crc = crc16(expected.data(), expected.size());
+  expected.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+  expected.push_back(crc >> 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(uart.written, expected);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76f7479a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# The modbus_client actions are self-contained hub devices: each takes the hub (auto-resolved when there
+# is a single modbus client hub) and a templatable device address; no component block is needed. The
+# address is not passed back to reply handlers - recompute the configured expression if needed.
+# The hub does not bound retries, so a retry lambda must (here: a counter capped at 3), or a dead
+# device is retried forever. Reset the counter before the send or on a terminal outcome (on_response)
+# so the cap is per transaction, not per device lifetime. Never reset in on_sent: it fires again on
+# every retry, so the cap would never be reached.
+
+# The standalone component: a bare hub device with nothing but an address, so a lambda can drive the
+# device directly. Two entries cover both hub-binding paths - the auto-resolved single hub and an
+# explicit modbus_id - and the button below calls them, so the generated device has to be usable
+# rather than merely constructed (an unreferenced one is optimised away entirely).
+modbus_client:
+  - id: bare_client
+    address: 0x01
+  - id: bare_client_explicit_hub
+    modbus_id: modbus_bus
+    address: 0x02
+
+globals:
+  - id: read_retries
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: combined_retries
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+button:
+  # The bare modbus_client devices: no handlers, so nothing reports the outcome - see the component
+  # comment. Calls here only pin that the device is bound to its hub and the helpers are reachable.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Bare Client"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(bare_client).write_single_register(0x10, 42);
+          id(bare_client).write_single_coil(0x01, true);
+          id(bare_client_explicit_hub).read_holding_registers(0x20, 4);
+          const uint16_t rw_vals[] = {1, 2};
+          id(bare_client).read_write_multiple_registers(0x0400, 2, 0x0300, rw_vals);
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Send Read"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(read_retries) = 0;"
+      - modbus_client.send:
+          address: 0x01
+          pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01]
+          # on_no_response lambda form: return true to retry. `request` is the timed-out PDU.
+          on_no_response: !lambda "return !request.empty() && request[0] == 0x03 && id(read_retries)++ < 3;"
+      # Per-send inline reply handlers (fire-and-continue): they run when this send's outcome is known;
+      # the targeted address is not passed back - recompute the configured expression if needed.
+      # A pdu lambda can hand-assemble bytes or return a modbus::helpers::create_*_pdu() builder result.
+      - modbus_client.send:
+          address: 0x01
+          continuous: true
+          pdu: !lambda "return modbus::helpers::create_read_pdu(modbus::FunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0x0010, 1);"
+      - modbus_client.send:
+          address: !lambda "return 1;"
+          pdu: !lambda "return {0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};"
+          on_sent:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "sent fc 0x%X", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0]);'
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  id(combined_retries) = 0;
+                  ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "got %d bytes", (int) response.size());
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "fc 0x%X exception %d", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0], (int) exception_code);'
+          # on_no_response combined form: run actions on timeout AND decide the retry via nested retry:.
+          on_no_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "no reply for fc 0x%X", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0]);'
+            retry: !lambda "return !request.empty() && request[0] == 0x03 && id(combined_retries)++ < 3;"
+          on_not_sent:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "not sent fc 0x%X", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0]);'
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Typed Actions"
+    on_press:
+      - modbus_client.write_single_register:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x0102
+          value: !lambda "return 42;"
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - logger.log: "write acked"
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "write exception %d", (int) exception_code);'
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: !lambda "return 1;"
+          start_address: 0x10
+          count: 2
+          continuous: true
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "first=%u n=%u", values[0], (unsigned) values.size());'
+          on_no_response:
+            then:
+              - logger.log: "typed read timeout"
+      - modbus_client.read_input_registers:
+          continuous: !lambda "return false;"
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x20
+          on_custom_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "non-standard reply: fc 0x%02X, %u byte request",
+                           response.empty() ? 0 : response[0], (unsigned) request.size());
+      - modbus_client.write_single_coil:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x01
+          value: true
+      - modbus_client.read_coils:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x03
+          count: 16
+          continuous: true
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "coil0=%d n=%u", bits[0], (unsigned) bits.size());'
+      - modbus_client.read_discrete_inputs:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x00
+          continuous: true
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "fc 0x%X exception %d", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0], (int) exception_code);'
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x0200
+          values: !lambda "return {1, 2, 3};"
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "multi write acked");'
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_coils:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x0010
+          values: [true, false, true]
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGW("modbus_client.test", "fc 0x%X exception %d", request.empty() ? 0 : request[0], (int) exception_code);'
+      - modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          write_address: 0x0300
+          values: !lambda "return {1, 2};"
+          read_address: 0x0400
+          read_count: 2
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              # `values` here is the READ-BACK block, not the written block above
+              - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("modbus_client.test", "rw read0=%u n=%u", values[0], (unsigned) values.size());'
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5882e90d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus/esp32-idf.yaml
+  modbus_client: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..151922b0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  modbus_client: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aaf115ae45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  modbus: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  modbus_client: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_client/validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_client/validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..318d492717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_client/validate-autoload.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# The modbus hub auto-loads modbus_client so the modbus_client.* actions are registered. That must not
+# create a device on its own, which is what MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT in the component buys: without it the
+# auto-load builds a default entry and fails on the required address, breaking every modbus config.
+# So this file deliberately declares no modbus_client: block - it is the no-block path, kept as its own
+# fixture because common.yaml now declares one.
+packages:
+  modbus: !include ../../test_build_components/common/modbus/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Action without a component block"
+    on_press:
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          start_address: 0x10
+          count: 1
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_controller/command_payload_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus_controller/command_payload_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0a59f5106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_controller/command_payload_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing {
+
+// The coil write factory packs into an exact-size payload. Pinned at one past the protocol maximum
+// because a fixed pack buffer sized for the maximum would silently truncate there while the quantity
+// field still claimed every coil - and the truncated frame would fit the RTU limit and go on the wire
+// malformed. Built at its true byte count, the oversize frame is refused by the hub's size check with
+// a log instead.
+TEST(ModbusCommandPayload, CoilWritePayloadIsExactSizedNotTruncated) {
+  ModbusController controller(nullptr, 1);
+  std::vector<bool> coils(modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_WRITE + 1, true);
+  auto cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(&controller, 0x10, coils);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cmd.payload.size(), modbus::packed_bit_bytes(coils.size()));
+}
+
+// LSB-first packing with zeroed pad bits, matching the wire layout the PDU builders produce.
+TEST(ModbusCommandPayload, CoilWritePacksLsbFirstWithZeroPad) {
+  ModbusController controller(nullptr, 1);
+  const std::vector<bool> coils{true, false, true, true};
+  auto cmd = ModbusCommandItem::create_write_multiple_coils(&controller, 0x10, coils);
+  ASSERT_EQ(cmd.payload.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cmd.payload.data()[0], 0b00001101);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml
index 51951a4528..78bec522cf 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_controller/common.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ modbus_controller:
   - id: modbus_controller1
     address: 0x2
     modbus_id: modbus_bus
+    continuous: true
     on_online:
       then:
         logger.log: "Module Online"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ binary_sensor:
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
     id: modbus_binary_sensor2
     name: Test Binary Sensor with Lambda
-    register_type: read
+    register_type: input
     address: 0x3201
     lambda: |-
       return x;
@@ -41,6 +42,13 @@ number:
       return x * 2.0;
     write_lambda: |-
       return x / 2.0;
+  # Covers Python value-type maps + read/write path for byte-swapped words
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_number3
+    name: Test Number Swapped Word
+    address: 0x9003
+    value_type: U_WORD_S
 
 output:
   - platform: modbus_controller
@@ -101,6 +109,22 @@ select:
       return value;
 
 sensor:
+  # custom_pdu polls a ready-made PDU (function code + data - no device address byte, no CRC); covers
+  # the set_custom_pdu codegen path and the custom-range polling constructor.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_custom_pdu
+    name: Test Custom PDU Sensor
+    custom_pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x00, 0x01]
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  # Deprecated custom_command (leading byte 0x02 == modbus_controller1's address) drives the
+  # migrate_custom_command final-validate auto-migration path in CI.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_custom_command
+    name: Test Custom Command Sensor
+    custom_command: [0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x2B, 0x00, 0x01]
+    value_type: U_WORD
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
     id: modbus_sensor1
@@ -118,6 +142,61 @@ sensor:
     value_type: U_WORD
     lambda: |-
       return x / 10.0;
+  # Non-mergeable sensor sharing the start address of modbus_sensor1 (different register_count):
+  # must join the same range, never open a second range keyed on the same (address, type).
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_shared_addr
+    name: Test Sensor Shared Address
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9001
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+  # Sensors sharing one start address with distinct byte offsets (mixed register counts, so they take
+  # the shared-start path: each resolves to exactly its configured offset, no accumulation).
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_shared_offs0
+    name: Test Sensor Shared Offset Base
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9020
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_shared_offs1
+    name: Test Sensor Shared Offset Low Word
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9020
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_shared_offs2
+    name: Test Sensor Shared Offset High Word
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9020
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    offset: 2
+  # Raw-decode lambda kept on the deprecated get_data() helper on purpose: `data` is a span now, so this
+  # pins that the compatibility overload still accepts one. The deprecation warning it raises is the
+  # point - it is what a user on the old helper sees. `item->offset` locates this sensor's data.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_raw_lambda
+    name: Test Sensor Raw Lambda
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9050
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    lambda: |-
+      return modbus_controller::get_data<uint16_t>(data, item->offset) * 0.1f;
+  # force_new_range sensors sort before plain ones, so this high-address forced sensor is grouped
+  # first and the lower-address plain sensors above must still get their own ranges.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_sensor_forced_high
+    name: Test Sensor Forced High Address
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9040
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    force_new_range: true
 
 switch:
   - platform: modbus_controller
@@ -158,3 +237,22 @@ text_sensor:
     response_size: 4
     lambda: |-
       return "Modified: " + x;
+  # A register reporting FEWER bytes than 2*register_count (response_size: 3 for 2 registers), followed
+  # by a contiguous sensor: the follower's byte position must track the actual 3 bytes, not underflow.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_text_sensor_narrow
+    name: Test Text Sensor Narrow Response
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9030
+    register_count: 2
+    response_size: 3
+    raw_encode: HEXBYTES
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller1
+    id: modbus_text_sensor_after_narrow
+    name: Test Text Sensor After Narrow
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x9032
+    register_count: 1
+    raw_encode: HEXBYTES
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_controller/offline_cadence_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus_controller/offline_cadence_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dade5dd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_controller/offline_cadence_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing {
+
+// A probe must come due exactly once per offline_skip_updates + 1 cycles from the trip point,
+// for every phase between the trip cycle and the update counter. Pins the regression where a
+// probe additionally required a range's skip_updates cadence to coincide, which some phase
+// combinations never satisfy - the device then never polled again.
+TEST(OfflineRetryCadence, DueOncePerWindowForEveryPhase) {
+  for (uint16_t skip = 0; skip <= 5; skip++) {
+    const uint16_t period = skip + 1;
+    for (uint16_t offline_at = 0; offline_at <= 7; offline_at++) {
+      uint16_t due_count = 0;
+      for (uint32_t counter = offline_at; counter < offline_at + 4u * period; counter++) {
+        if (offline_retry_due(static_cast<uint16_t>(counter), offline_at, skip))
+          due_count++;
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(due_count, 4) << "skip=" << skip << " offline_at=" << offline_at;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// The first probe goes out within one window of going offline: after at most skip skipped cycles.
+TEST(OfflineRetryCadence, FirstProbeWithinOneWindow) {
+  for (uint16_t skip = 0; skip <= 5; skip++) {
+    for (uint16_t offline_at = 0; offline_at <= 7; offline_at++) {
+      uint16_t counter = offline_at;
+      uint16_t skipped = 0;
+      while (!offline_retry_due(counter, offline_at, skip)) {
+        counter++;
+        skipped++;
+        ASSERT_LE(skipped, skip) << "skip=" << skip << " offline_at=" << offline_at;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// The cadence neither stretches nor collapses when update_counter_ wraps past 65535.
+TEST(OfflineRetryCadence, SurvivesCounterWraparound) {
+  const uint16_t skip = 2;  // period 3
+  const uint16_t offline_at = 65530;
+  uint16_t counter = offline_at;
+  uint16_t due_count = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {  // crosses the wrap mid-run
+    if (offline_retry_due(counter, offline_at, skip))
+      due_count++;
+    counter++;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(due_count, 10);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_controller/sensor_item_position_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus_controller/sensor_item_position_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2fb679ee07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_controller/sensor_item_position_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Minimal concrete SensorItem so the position/address accessors can be exercised directly.
+class TestSensorItem : public SensorItem {
+ public:
+  void parse_and_publish(std::span<const uint8_t> /*data*/) override {}
+};
+
+// Builds an item the way a platform constructor does, before ranges are built.
+TestSensorItem make_item(modbus::EntityType type, uint16_t address, uint8_t offset) {
+  TestSensorItem item;
+  item.register_type = type;
+  item.set_address(address);
+  item.set_offset_from_start_address(offset);
+  return item;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A freshly constructed item is already usable: its resolved position is the offset as configured and
+// its range base is its own address, which is what an item that never gets polled relies on.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, ConstructionSeedsResolvedPositionAndRangeBase) {
+  auto item = make_item(modbus::EntityType::HOLDING, 0x9001, 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.offset_from_start_address, 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.offset, 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.range_start_address, 0x9001);
+}
+
+// A write lands on the register the sensor reads from. The resolved position is relative to the range's
+// first register, which may be earlier than the sensor's own address, so both are needed to get there.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, WriteAddressForRegisters) {
+  auto item = make_item(modbus::EntityType::HOLDING, 0x9003, 0);
+  item.range_start_address = 0x9001;
+  item.offset = 4;
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.write_address(), 0x9003);
+}
+
+// Coils index bits, so the resolved offset is a bit count and is added to the range base directly.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, WriteAddressForCoils) {
+  auto item = make_item(modbus::EntityType::COIL, 0x15, 0);
+  item.range_start_address = 0x10;
+  item.offset = 5;
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.write_address(), 0x15);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(item.addresses_bits());
+}
+
+// An item that is never polled keeps the range base its constructor set, so its write address is still
+// its own address plus its configured offset - a switch with assumed_state, or an output.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, WriteAddressWithoutAGroupedRange) {
+  auto item = make_item(modbus::EntityType::HOLDING, 0x9010, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.write_address(), 0x9011);
+}
+
+// A sensor re-using a register after one with a non-zero offset resolves past that offset, and its
+// write address follows the same position - the behaviour releases before the range rework had.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, ReUseChainWriteAddressFollowsResolvedPosition) {
+  auto item = make_item(modbus::EntityType::HOLDING, 0x9001, 4);
+  item.range_start_address = 0x9001;
+  item.offset = 6;  // 4 configured, plus the 2 the previous sensor on this register resolved to
+  EXPECT_EQ(item.write_address(), 0x9004);
+}
+
+// Registers address 16-bit words; only coils and discrete inputs address bits.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, AddressesBitsOnlyForCoilAndDiscreteInput) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(make_item(modbus::EntityType::HOLDING, 0, 0).addresses_bits());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(make_item(modbus::EntityType::INPUT_REGISTER, 0, 0).addresses_bits());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(make_item(modbus::EntityType::COIL, 0, 0).addresses_bits());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(make_item(modbus::EntityType::DISCRETE_INPUT, 0, 0).addresses_bits());
+}
+
+// A span payload reaches payload_to_number() unqualified from inside this namespace: SensorValueType
+// lives in modbus::helpers, so argument-dependent lookup finds the helper. Declaring a same-signature
+// forwarder here would make the call ambiguous rather than convenient, which is why none exists.
+TEST(SensorItemPosition, UnqualifiedPayloadToNumberResolvesToTheHelper) {
+  const uint8_t bytes[] = {0x01, 0x02};
+  auto value = payload_to_number(std::span<const uint8_t>(bytes), SensorValueType::U_WORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+  EXPECT_EQ(value, 0x0102);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus_controller::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml
index 8b2316b6e3..3f84a3f6da 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_server/common.yaml
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ modbus_server:
   - id: modbus_server3
     address: 0x3
     modbus_id: mod_bus2
+    bits:
+      - address: 0x0
+        read_lambda: |-
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x1
+        read_lambda: |-
+          return address == 0x1;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          printf("bit address=%d, value=%d\n", (int) address, (int) x);
+          return true;
     registers:
       - address: 0x9
         value_type: S_DWORD
@@ -40,3 +50,11 @@ modbus_server:
         value_type: U_WORD
         read_lambda: |-
           return (random_uint32() % 100);
+      # Covers CPP_TYPE_REGISTER_MAP / signed byte-swapped codegen
+      - address: 0x6
+        value_type: S_WORD_S
+        read_lambda: |-
+          return -2;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          printf("address=%d, value=%d\n", (int) address, (int) x);
+          return true;
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp
index 419bb9cf25..ce39e83736 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/modbus_server/modbus_server_test.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_server {
 
-using modbus::ModbusExceptionCode;
+using modbus::ExceptionCode;
 using modbus::RegisterValues;
 
 namespace {
@@ -29,11 +29,26 @@ TEST(ModbusServerWrite, SingleWordSucceeds) {
   };
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());  // nullopt == success
   EXPECT_EQ(written, 0x1234);
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, SwappedWordSucceeds) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  int64_t written = -1;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD_S, 1);
+  reg.write_lambda = [&written](int64_t value) {
+    written = value;
+    return true;
+  };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x3412}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(written, 0x1234);
+}
+
 // A multi-register value is decoded high word first and applied as a single number.
 TEST(ModbusServerWrite, DwordSucceeds) {
   ModbusServer server;
@@ -45,7 +60,7 @@ TEST(ModbusServerWrite, DwordSucceeds) {
   };
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234, 0x5678}));
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234, 0x5678}));
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
   EXPECT_EQ(written, 0x12345678);
 }
@@ -70,10 +85,10 @@ TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnderSuppliedValueAppliesNothing) {
   server.add_server_register(&dword_reg);
 
   // Two words supplied: one for the WORD at 0x0000, but only one of the two the DWORD at 0x0001 needs.
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1111, 0x2222}));
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1111, 0x2222}));
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
   EXPECT_FALSE(word_written);  // the writable WORD must NOT have been applied
   EXPECT_FALSE(dword_written);
 }
@@ -84,19 +99,33 @@ TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnwritableRegisterRejected) {
   ServerRegister read_only(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);  // no write_lambda set
   server.add_server_register(&read_only);
 
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
 }
 
-// An address with no registered register yields ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+// A write to an address not covered by any configured register (on a populated server) yields
+// ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
 TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnmatchedAddressRejected) {
   ModbusServer server;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0005, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.write_lambda = [](int64_t) { return true; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0005, make_registers({0x1234}));
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A server with no registers configured does not implement the register-write function: ILLEGAL_FUNCTION.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, EmptyServerRejectsWithIllegalFunction) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
 }
 
 // A write_lambda failing at runtime is the one non-atomic case: the earlier register is already
@@ -114,14 +143,14 @@ TEST(ModbusServerWrite, CallbackFailureIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
   server.add_server_register(&first);
   server.add_server_register(&second);
 
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0xAAAA, 0xBBBB}));
+  auto status = server.on_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0xAAAA, 0xBBBB}));
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
   EXPECT_TRUE(first_written);  // pre-validation passed, so the first write applied before the failure
 }
 
-// --- on_modbus_read_registers --------------------------------------------------
+// --- on_read_registers --------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST(ModbusServerRead, SingleWordSucceeds) {
   ModbusServer server;
@@ -130,12 +159,25 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, SingleWordSucceeds) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x1234);
 }
 
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, SwappedWordReturnsByteSwappedRegister) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD_S, 1);
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x1234; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x3412);
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusServerRead, DwordReturnsTwoWordsHighFirst) {
   ModbusServer server;
   ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);
@@ -143,7 +185,7 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, DwordReturnsTwoWordsHighFirst) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 2, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 2, out);
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 2u);
   EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x1234);
@@ -165,10 +207,10 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, StartInsideValueRejected) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0011, 1, out);  // the second cell of the DWORD
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0011, 1, out);  // the second cell of the DWORD
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
   EXPECT_FALSE(read_called);
 }
 
@@ -184,10 +226,10 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, ClippedTailRejected) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);  // only 1 of the DWORD's 2 registers
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);  // only 1 of the DWORD's 2 registers
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
   EXPECT_FALSE(read_called);
 }
 
@@ -200,10 +242,10 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, WriteOnlyRegisterRejected) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
 }
 
 // An unregistered address with courtesy enabled returns the default value for each cell.
@@ -213,21 +255,50 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, CourtesyDefaultForUnregistered) {
       ServerCourtesyResponse{.enabled = true, .register_last_address = 0xFFFF, .register_value = 0xABCD});
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0005, 2, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0005, 2, out);
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 2u);
   EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0xABCD);
   EXPECT_EQ(out[1], 0xABCD);
 }
 
-// An unregistered address with courtesy disabled is rejected.
+// An unregistered address on a populated server (courtesy disabled) is rejected with ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
 TEST(ModbusServerRead, UnregisteredRejectedWithoutCourtesy) {
   ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x1234; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0005, 1, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0005, 1, out);
   ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
   if (status.has_value())
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A server with no registers configured (courtesy disabled) does not implement the register-read
+// function: ILLEGAL_FUNCTION.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, EmptyServerRejectsWithIllegalFunction) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0005, 1, out);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
+}
+
+// A register read lambda returning an empty optional declines the read: the whole request is
+// answered with SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE. Uses set_read_lambda<T> so the optional-forwarding wrapper
+// (not a hand-assigned read_lambda) is what carries the decline through.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, ReadLambdaDecliningIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.set_read_lambda<uint16_t>([](uint16_t address) -> optional<uint16_t> { return {}; });
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
 }
 
 // --- partial reads (opt-in) ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -241,7 +312,7 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadHighWord) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0010, 1, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0010, 1, out);
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x1234);
@@ -256,7 +327,7 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadLowWordFromInterior) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues out;
-  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0011, 1, out);
+  auto status = server.on_read_registers(0x0011, 1, out);
   EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x5678);
@@ -272,14 +343,149 @@ TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadReversedType) {
   server.add_server_register(&reg);
 
   RegisterValues first;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0010, 1, first).has_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(server.on_read_registers(0x0010, 1, first).has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(first.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(first[0], 0x5678);
 
   RegisterValues second;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0011, 1, second).has_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(server.on_read_registers(0x0011, 1, second).has_value());
   ASSERT_EQ(second.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_EQ(second[0], 0x1234);
 }
 
+// --- bits (coils / discrete inputs, one shared address space) -------------------
+
+// Bits are read through the shared table regardless of which read function code arrived:
+// the hub routes both 0x01 and 0x02 to on_read_bits().
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, ReadSetsRequestedBits) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit bit0(0x0000);
+  bit0.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  ServerBit bit1(0x0001);
+  bit1.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return false; });
+  ServerBit bit2(0x0002);
+  bit2.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit0);
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit1);
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit2);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0000, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed[0], 0b101);
+}
+
+// The read lambda receives the bit's address, so one lambda can serve several bits.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, ReadLambdaReceivesAddress) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit server_bit(0x0007);
+  server_bit.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t address) { return address == 0x0007; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&server_bit);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0007, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed[0], 0x01);
+}
+
+// An unregistered or write-only bit rejects the whole read with ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, UnreadableBitRejectsRead) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit readable(0x0000);
+  readable.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  ServerBit write_only(0x0001);
+  write_only.set_write_lambda([](uint16_t, bool) { return true; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&readable);
+  server.add_server_bit(&write_only);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0000, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+
+  auto unregistered = server.on_read_bits(0x0005, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unregistered, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A read lambda returning an empty optional declines the read: the whole request is answered
+// with SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, ReadLambdaDecliningIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerBit ok(0x0000);
+  ok.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return true; });
+  ServerBit declining(0x0001);
+  declining.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) -> optional<bool> { return {}; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&ok);
+  server.add_server_bit(&declining);
+
+  uint8_t packed[1] = {0};
+  auto status = server.on_read_bits(0x0000, modbus::MutablePackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+}
+
+// A multi-coil write applies every bit and reports success.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, WriteAppliesAllBits) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool state[2] = {false, true};
+  ServerBit bit0(0x0000);
+  bit0.set_write_lambda([&state](uint16_t, bool value) {
+    state[0] = value;
+    return true;
+  });
+  ServerBit bit1(0x0001);
+  bit1.set_write_lambda([&state](uint16_t, bool value) {
+    state[1] = value;
+    return true;
+  });
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit0);
+  server.add_server_bit(&bit1);
+
+  const uint8_t packed[1] = {0b01};  // bit0 on, bit1 off
+  auto status = server.on_write_coils(0x0000, modbus::PackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(state[0]);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(state[1]);
+}
+
+// Pre-flight atomicity: an unwritable bit anywhere in the span rejects the write before any
+// bit is applied.
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, UnwritableBitAppliesNothing) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool written = false;
+  ServerBit writable(0x0000);
+  writable.set_write_lambda([&written](uint16_t, bool) {
+    written = true;
+    return true;
+  });
+  ServerBit read_only(0x0001);
+  read_only.set_read_lambda([](uint16_t) { return false; });
+  server.add_server_bit(&writable);
+  server.add_server_bit(&read_only);
+
+  const uint8_t packed[1] = {0b11};
+  auto status = server.on_write_coils(0x0000, modbus::PackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(written);  // the writable bit must NOT have been applied
+}
+
+// A write lambda failing at runtime is the one non-atomic case: earlier bits stay applied and
+// the handler reports SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE (mirrors the register behavior).
+TEST(ModbusServerBits, CallbackFailureIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool first_written = false;
+  ServerBit first(0x0000);
+  first.set_write_lambda([&first_written](uint16_t, bool) {
+    first_written = true;
+    return true;
+  });
+  ServerBit second(0x0001);
+  second.set_write_lambda([](uint16_t, bool) { return false; });  // rejects at runtime
+  server.add_server_bit(&first);
+  server.add_server_bit(&second);
+
+  const uint8_t packed[1] = {0b11};
+  auto status = server.on_write_coils(0x0000, modbus::PackedBits(packed, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, ExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(first_written);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus_server
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14df729405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mopeka_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml
index a115404f1c..d511a449f9 100644
--- a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 mopeka_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8026866234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  mopeka_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41fdf62d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+mopeka_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e28e1e58d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_pro_check
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: 20LB_V
+    temperature:
+      name: Propane test temp
+    level:
+      name: Propane test level
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml
index 3533ecf631..15eabe1f25 100644
--- a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: mopeka_pro_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
     tank_type: CUSTOM
     custom_distance_full: 40cm
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3484c7b5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  mopeka_pro_check: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..888b879e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_pro_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_pro_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: 20lb_v
+    level:
+      name: BK Mopeka Pro Level
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b645dcaf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: Europe_11kg
+    temperature:
+      name: Propane test temp
+    level:
+      name: Propane test level
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml
index 383e2e2a19..e7224ba725 100644
--- a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/common.yaml
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
   # Example using 11kg 100% propane tank.
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
     tank_type: Europe_11kg
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11a54cb37c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  mopeka_std_check: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86b4425518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/mopeka_std_check/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:91
+    tank_type: Europe_11kg
+    level:
+      name: BK Mopeka Std Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: mopeka_std_check
+    mac_address: D3:75:F2:DC:16:92
+    tank_type: Europe_11kg
+    level:
+      name: BK Propane implicit level
diff --git a/tests/components/network/__init__.py b/tests/components/network/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..101f63ac82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/network/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
+    real_to_code = manifest.to_code
+
+    async def to_code_testing(config):
+        await real_to_code(config)
+        cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK_IPV6", True)
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a04246a128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Arduino dual-stack test: default-route arbitration must also compile under
+# the Arduino framework, which builds the same esp_netif/ESP-IDF from source.
+# Ethernet is listed first so this build exercises the ethernet-first side of
+# the arbitration pivot in NetworkComponent::loop() (the IDF variant of this
+# test covers the wifi-first side).
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: GPIO19
+  mosi_pin: GPIO21
+  miso_pin: GPIO23
+  cs_pin: GPIO18
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - ethernet
+    - wifi
diff --git a/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..baa821a234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/network/test-priority.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Compiled dual-stack test: wifi + ethernet coexisting via network: priority:.
+# This is the first build path that keeps both radios' stacks compiled in, so
+# it must actually compile (not just validate) to guard the reconciler wiring.
+# WiFi is listed first so the build also exercises the wifi-primary branch in
+# network/util.cpp (the ethernet-primary branch matches the legacy order).
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: GPIO19
+  mosi_pin: GPIO21
+  miso_pin: GPIO23
+  cs_pin: GPIO18
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO36
+  reset_pin: GPIO22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+
+network:
+  priority:
+    - wifi
+    - ethernet
diff --git a/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 7c01bafa0d..6ad365ead2 100644
--- a/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/network/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 
 network:
   enable_high_performance: true
+  tcp_send_buffer: 32kB
diff --git a/tests/components/network/test_ip_address_host.cpp b/tests/components/network/test_ip_address_host.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4070f422b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/network/test_ip_address_host.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/network/ip_address.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+
+namespace esphome::network::testing {
+
+// =========================================================================
+// IPv4
+// =========================================================================
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4DefaultNotSet) {
+  IPAddress addr;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4DefaultIsIPv4) {
+  IPAddress addr;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_ip4());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_ip6());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4ParseAndSerialize) {
+  IPAddress addr("192.168.1.1");
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  EXPECT_STREQ(addr.str_to(buf), "192.168.1.1");
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4FromOctets) {
+  IPAddress addr(192, 168, 1, 1);
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  EXPECT_STREQ(addr.str_to(buf), "192.168.1.1");
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4IsSet) {
+  IPAddress addr("192.168.1.1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4IsIp4) {
+  IPAddress addr("192.168.1.1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_ip4());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_ip6());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4MulticastDetected) {
+  IPAddress addr("239.0.60.53");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4MulticastBoundaryLow) {
+  IPAddress addr("224.0.0.0");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4MulticastBoundaryHigh) {
+  IPAddress addr("239.255.255.255");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4UnicastNotMulticast) {
+  IPAddress addr("192.168.1.1");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4EqualityMatch) {
+  IPAddress a("192.168.1.1");
+  IPAddress b("192.168.1.1");
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4EqualityMismatch) {
+  IPAddress a("192.168.1.1");
+  IPAddress b("192.168.1.2");
+  EXPECT_NE(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4FromOctetsMatchesParse) {
+  IPAddress from_octets(192, 168, 1, 1);
+  IPAddress from_string("192.168.1.1");
+  EXPECT_EQ(from_octets, from_string);
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4FromIPAddrT) {
+  ip_addr_t raw;
+  memset(&raw, 0, sizeof(raw));
+  raw.u_addr.ip4.s_addr = htonl((192u << 24) | (168u << 16) | (1u << 8) | 1u);
+  raw.type = IPADDR_TYPE_V4;
+  IPAddress addr(&raw);
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  EXPECT_STREQ(addr.str_to(buf), "192.168.1.1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_ip4());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_ip6());
+}
+
+// =========================================================================
+// IPv6
+// =========================================================================
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6ParseAndSerialize) {
+  IPAddress addr("ff12::cafe");
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  EXPECT_STREQ(addr.str_to(buf), "ff12::cafe");
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6Loopback) {
+  IPAddress addr("::1");
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  EXPECT_STREQ(addr.str_to(buf), "::1");
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6IsIp6) {
+  IPAddress addr("ff12::cafe");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_ip6());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_ip4());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6AllZerosNotSet) {
+  IPAddress addr("::");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6LoopbackIsSet) {
+  IPAddress addr("::1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_set());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6MulticastDetected) {
+  IPAddress addr("ff12::cafe");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6MulticastLinkLocal) {
+  IPAddress addr("ff02::1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6UnicastNotMulticast) {
+  IPAddress addr("::1");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_multicast());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6EqualityMatch) {
+  IPAddress a("ff12::cafe");
+  IPAddress b("ff12::cafe");
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6EqualityMismatch) {
+  IPAddress a("ff12::cafe");
+  IPAddress b("ff02::1");
+  EXPECT_NE(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6OutputIsLowercase) {
+  // inet_pton is case-insensitive; str_to must lowercase the output
+  IPAddress addr("FF12::CAFE");
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  addr.str_to(buf);
+  for (const char *p = buf; *p; ++p) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'F') << "uppercase letter in: " << buf;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv6FullAddressRoundTrip) {
+  // A full 128-bit address with no compression opportunity
+  const char *input = "fde0:983a:d0d3:a65e:725a:0fff:fe36:9916";
+  IPAddress addr(input);
+  char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  addr.str_to(buf);
+  EXPECT_NE(buf[0], '\0');
+  EXPECT_NE(std::string(buf).find("fde0"), std::string::npos);
+}
+
+// =========================================================================
+// Malformed input
+// =========================================================================
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, MalformedIPv4YieldsEmptyAddress) {
+  IPAddress addr("not-an-ip");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_set());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_ip4());
+}
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, MalformedIPv6YieldsEmptyAddress) {
+  // "gg::1" looks like IPv6 (contains ':') but fails inet_pton; addr stays
+  // zeroed (type=V4 from memset) so is_set() is false and is_ip4() is true.
+  IPAddress addr("gg::1");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(addr.is_set());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(addr.is_ip4());
+}
+
+// =========================================================================
+// Cross-family
+// =========================================================================
+
+TEST(IPAddressHost, IPv4AndIPv6NotEqual) {
+  IPAddress v4("192.168.1.1");
+  IPAddress v6("::1");
+  EXPECT_NE(v4, v6);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::network::testing
+
+#endif  // USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+#endif  // USE_HOST
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/__init__.py b/tests/components/noise/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..60a5740a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # to_code must run: it defines USE_NOISE and adds the noise-c library
+    # the component sources under test need.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/common.yaml b/tests/components/noise/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35253a35e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+noise:
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/noise/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..550ffd1f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  noise: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test_noise_handshake.cpp b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_handshake.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d879a26c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_handshake.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise_handshake.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise::testing {
+
+using Action = NoiseResponderHandshake::Action;
+
+// A raw noise-c initiator driving the same Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256
+// pattern the responder class implements, so the tests exercise a real
+// two-message handshake rather than mirrored calls into the class under test.
+class Initiator {
+ public:
+  Initiator(const psk_t &psk, const uint8_t *prologue, size_t prologue_len) {
+    const NoiseProtocolId nid = {
+        .prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD,
+        .pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN,
+        .modifier_ids = {NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0},
+        .dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519,
+        .cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY,
+        .hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256,
+        .hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE,
+    };
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&this->state_, &nid, NOISE_ROLE_INITIATOR), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(this->state_, psk.data(), psk.size()), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(this->state_, prologue, prologue_len), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_start(this->state_), 0);
+  }
+  ~Initiator() {
+    if (this->state_ != nullptr)
+      noise_handshakestate_free(this->state_);
+    if (this->send_ != nullptr)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(this->send_);
+    if (this->recv_ != nullptr)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(this->recv_);
+  }
+  Initiator(const Initiator &) = delete;
+  Initiator &operator=(const Initiator &) = delete;
+
+  size_t write_message(uint8_t *out, size_t capacity) {
+    NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+    noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+    noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, out, capacity);
+    EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->state_, &mbuf, nullptr), 0);
+    return mbuf.size;
+  }
+
+  int read_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+    noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+    noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, data, len);
+    return noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->state_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  void split() { EXPECT_EQ(noise_handshakestate_split(this->state_, &this->send_, &this->recv_), 0); }
+
+  NoiseCipherState *send_{nullptr};
+  NoiseCipherState *recv_{nullptr};
+
+ private:
+  NoiseHandshakeState *state_{nullptr};
+};
+
+static const uint8_t PROLOGUE[] = {'t', 'e', 's', 't', 'p', 'r', 'o', 'l', 'o', 'g', 'u', 'e'};
+
+static psk_t make_psk(uint8_t seed) {
+  psk_t psk;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < psk.size(); i++) {
+    psk[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(seed + i);
+  }
+  return psk;
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, ActionFailedBeforeInit) {
+  NoiseResponderHandshake handshake;
+  EXPECT_EQ(handshake.action(), Action::ACTION_FAILED);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, MessageMethodsErrorBeforeInit) {
+  // The class doc promises a noise-c error, not a crash, when the message
+  // methods run outside their action() step; pin the library's null check
+  NoiseResponderHandshake handshake;
+  uint8_t buf[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE] = {};
+  size_t out_len = 0;
+  EXPECT_NE(handshake.read_message(buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(handshake.write_message(buf, sizeof(buf), out_len), 0);
+  // Deliberately non-null: split() documents a nullptr postcondition on
+  // error, so a caller's uninitialized locals never hold garbage to free
+  auto *sentinel = reinterpret_cast<NoiseCipherState *>(0x1);
+  NoiseCipherState *send_cipher = sentinel;
+  NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher = sentinel;
+  EXPECT_NE(handshake.split(send_cipher, recv_cipher), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(send_cipher, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(recv_cipher, nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, FullHandshakeAndTransportRoundTrip) {
+  const psk_t psk = make_psk(7);
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(psk, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_READ);
+
+  Initiator initiator(psk, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.read_message(msg, msg_len), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_WRITE);
+
+  size_t reply_len = 0;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg), reply_len), 0);
+  ASSERT_GT(reply_len, 0u);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_SPLIT);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(initiator.read_message(msg, reply_len), 0);
+  initiator.split();
+
+  NoiseCipherState *send_cipher = nullptr;
+  NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher = nullptr;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.split(send_cipher, recv_cipher), 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(send_cipher, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_NE(recv_cipher, nullptr);
+  // The handshake state is released by split(); the class reports FAILED after
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_FAILED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher)), MAC_SIZE);
+
+  // Responder encrypts, initiator decrypts
+  uint8_t frame[64];
+  static constexpr char PLAINTEXT[] = "encrypted ota";
+  std::memcpy(frame, PLAINTEXT, sizeof(PLAINTEXT));
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, frame, sizeof(PLAINTEXT), sizeof(frame));
+  ASSERT_EQ(noise_cipherstate_encrypt(send_cipher, &mbuf), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mbuf.size, sizeof(PLAINTEXT) + MAC_SIZE);
+
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, frame, mbuf.size, sizeof(frame));
+  ASSERT_EQ(noise_cipherstate_decrypt(initiator.recv_, &mbuf), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(mbuf.size, sizeof(PLAINTEXT));
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::memcmp(frame, PLAINTEXT, sizeof(PLAINTEXT)), 0);
+
+  noise_cipherstate_free(send_cipher);
+  noise_cipherstate_free(recv_cipher);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, ReInitRestartsHandshake) {
+  // The documented retry shape: a repeated init() frees the previous state
+  // and starts over. The first message under the new key authenticating
+  // proves the restart took effect; the old state surviving would fail the
+  // MAC here.
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(make_psk(7), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(make_psk(9), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_READ);
+
+  Initiator initiator(make_psk(9), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.read_message(msg, msg_len), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, WrongPskFailsWithMacFailure) {
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(make_psk(7), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+
+  Initiator initiator(make_psk(200), PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+
+  int err = responder.read_message(msg, msg_len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(err, NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.action(), Action::ACTION_FAILED);
+}
+
+TEST(NoiseResponderHandshakeTest, MismatchedPrologueFailsWithMacFailure) {
+  // The prologue binds the plaintext preamble for downgrade resistance; a
+  // tampered preamble must fail even with the right key.
+  const psk_t psk = make_psk(7);
+  NoiseResponderHandshake responder;
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.init(psk, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE)), 0);
+
+  static const uint8_t TAMPERED[] = {'x'};
+  Initiator initiator(psk, TAMPERED, sizeof(TAMPERED));
+  uint8_t msg[MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE];
+  size_t msg_len = initiator.write_message(msg, sizeof(msg));
+  ASSERT_GT(msg_len, 0u);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(responder.read_message(msg, msg_len), NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/noise/test_noise_primitives.cpp b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_primitives.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..018be9f717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/noise/test_noise_primitives.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <noise/protocol.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/noise/noise.h"
+
+namespace esphome::noise::testing {
+
+TEST(NoiseContextTest, AllZerosPskIsReserved) {
+  psk_t zeros{};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(NoiseContext::is_all_zeros(zeros));
+
+  psk_t psk{};
+  psk[31] = 1;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(NoiseContext::is_all_zeros(psk));
+
+  NoiseContext ctx;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.has_psk());
+  ctx.set_psk(zeros);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.has_psk());
+  ctx.set_psk(psk);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.has_psk());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.get_psk(), psk);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, FrameHeaderIsIndicatorPlusBigEndianLength) {
+  uint8_t header[FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
+  write_frame_header(header, 0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(header[0], FRAME_INDICATOR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(header[1], 0x12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(header[2], 0x34);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, RejectPayloadCarriesStatusByteAndMacFailureContract) {
+  // The MAC failure string is a wire contract: clients match it to report a
+  // wrong key. Format the payload exactly the way the handshake read path does.
+  uint8_t buf[64];
+  size_t len = format_reject_payload(buf, sizeof(buf), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE));
+  static constexpr char EXPECTED[] = "Handshake MAC failure";
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 1 + strlen(EXPECTED));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf + 1, EXPECTED, strlen(EXPECTED)), 0);
+  // The exported floor covers the full MAC failure payload exactly
+  EXPECT_EQ(MAC_FAILURE_PAYLOAD_SIZE, 1 + strlen(EXPECTED));
+
+  // Any other error maps to the generic reason
+  len = format_reject_payload(buf, sizeof(buf), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE));
+  static constexpr char GENERIC[] = "Handshake error";
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 1 + strlen(GENERIC));
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf + 1, GENERIC, strlen(GENERIC)), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, RejectPayloadTruncatesToCapacity) {
+  uint8_t buf[8];
+  size_t len = format_reject_payload(buf, sizeof(buf), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE));
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, sizeof(buf));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(buf + 1, "Handsha", 7), 0);
+
+  // A one-byte buffer still carries the status byte
+  uint8_t tiny[1];
+  len = format_reject_payload(tiny, sizeof(tiny), reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE));
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tiny[0], HANDSHAKE_STATUS_REJECT);
+
+  // A zero-capacity buffer yields no payload and stays untouched
+  uint8_t none[1] = {0xAA};
+  EXPECT_EQ(format_reject_payload(none, 0, reject_reason_for(NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(none[0], 0xAA);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::noise::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
index 3ae48b2a5f..5fa0d6e88f 100644
--- a/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -19,5 +19,3 @@ nrf52:
   reg0:
     voltage: 2.1V
     uicr_erase: true
-  framework:
-    version: "2.6.1-b"
diff --git a/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-microbit.yaml b/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-microbit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d27f9ff699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-microbit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nrf52:
diff --git a/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml b/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml
index de4c0c6e00..e1b5f088bb 100644
--- a/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml
@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ nrf52:
   dfu: true
   reg0:
     voltage: 1.8V
+  framework:
+    libc_nano: false
diff --git a/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml b/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
index fc3cc94217..85901287c7 100644
--- a/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ wifi:
   ssid: MySSID
   password: password1
 
-# Purposely test that `online_image:` does auto-load `image:`
-# Keep the `image:` undefined.
-# image:
-online_image:
-  - id: online_binary_image
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_binary_image
     url: http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/img_png/pnglogo-blk-tiny.png
     format: PNG
     type: BINARY
@@ -21,37 +19,49 @@ online_image:
         } else {
           ESP_LOGD("online_image", "Cache miss: fresh download");
         }
-  - id: online_binary_transparent_image
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_binary_transparent_image
     url: http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/img_png/pnglogo-blk-tiny.png
     type: BINARY
     transparency: chroma_key
     format: png
-  - id: online_rgba_image
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_rgba_image
     url: http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/img_png/pnglogo-blk-tiny.png
     format: PNG
     type: RGB
     transparency: alpha_channel
-  - id: online_rgb24_image
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_rgb24_image
     url: http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/img_png/pnglogo-blk-tiny.png
     format: PNG
     type: RGB
     transparency: chroma_key
-  - id: online_binary_bmp
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_binary_bmp
     url: https://samples-files.com/samples/images/bmp/480-360-sample.bmp
     format: BMP
     type: BINARY
-  - id: online_rgb_bmp_8bit
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_rgb_bmp_8bit
     url: https://samples-files.com/samples/images/bmp/480-360-sample.bmp
     format: BMP
     type: RGB
-  - id: online_jpeg_image
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_jpeg_image
     url: http://www.faqs.org/images/library.jpg
     format: JPEG
     type: RGB
-  - id: online_jpg_image
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_jpg_image
     url: http://www.faqs.org/images/library.jpg
     format: JPG
     type: RGB565
+  - platform: online_image
+    id: online_auto_image
+    url: http://www.faqs.org/images/library.jpg
+    format: AUTO
+    type: RGB565
 
 # Check the set_url action
 esphome:
diff --git a/tests/components/online_image/validate.host.yaml b/tests/components/online_image/validate.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0ba98c65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/online_image/validate.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Legacy top-level `online_image:` form (deprecated; migrates to
+# `platform: online_image`). Config-only test exercising the deprecation path.
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: online_image_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 480
+      height: 480
+
+online_image:
+  - id: legacy_online_image
+    url: http://www.example.org/example.png
+    format: PNG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 50x50
diff --git a/tests/components/openthread_info/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/openthread_info/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
index ded0f17611..8c55546ce6 100644
--- a/tests/components/openthread_info/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/openthread_info/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -28,3 +28,32 @@ text_sensor:
       name: "PAN ID"
     ext_pan_id:
       name: "Extended PAN ID"
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: openthread_info
+    parent_average_rssi:
+      name: "Parent Average RSSI"
+    parent_last_rssi:
+      name: "Parent Last RSSI"
+    parent_link_quality_in:
+      name: "Parent Link Quality In"
+    parent_link_quality_out:
+      name: "Parent Link Quality Out"
+    tx_total:
+      name: "TX Total"
+    tx_retries:
+      name: "TX Retries"
+    tx_err_cca:
+      name: "TX CCA Errors"
+    tx_err_abort:
+      name: "TX Abort Errors"
+    rx_total:
+      name: "RX Total"
+    rx_err_fcs:
+      name: "RX FCS Errors"
+    attach_attempts:
+      name: "Attach Attempts"
+    parent_changes:
+      name: "Parent Changes"
+    partition_id_changes:
+      name: "Partition ID Changes"
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8ac96f051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+zephyr_ble_server:
+
+ota:
+  - platform: zephyr_mcumgr
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_backend_contract.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_backend_contract.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b4fbbc32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_backend_contract.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Pins the OTA backend contract concept so the surface it enforces cannot
+// drift unnoticed: the build's real backend and a minimal conforming type
+// must satisfy it, and a type missing a method or returning the wrong type
+// must not.
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+struct MinimalBackend {
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type = OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP) { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) {}
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+  OTAResponseTypes end() { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+  void abort() {}
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
+};
+static_assert(OTABackendContract<MinimalBackend>);
+
+// Each negative case derives from MinimalBackend and breaks exactly one
+// requirement; the declaration in the derived struct hides the conforming
+// one from the base.
+
+// begin() without the default ota_type argument breaks consumers that only
+// pass the image size.
+struct BackendWithoutDefaultOTAType : MinimalBackend {
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size, OTAType ota_type) { return OTA_RESPONSE_OK; }
+};
+static_assert(!OTABackendContract<BackendWithoutDefaultOTAType>);
+
+struct BackendMissingAbort : MinimalBackend {
+  void abort() = delete;
+};
+static_assert(!OTABackendContract<BackendMissingAbort>);
+
+struct BackendWrongWriteReturn : MinimalBackend {
+  bool write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) { return true; }
+};
+static_assert(!OTABackendContract<BackendWrongWriteReturn>);
+
+// Pin the build's real backend, not just local mocks: the unit test harness
+// builds for the host platform, so this is the same check the factory's
+// static_assert performs in a firmware compile.
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+static_assert(OTABackendContract<HostOTABackend>);
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_erase_ahead.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_erase_ahead.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f84dd8a85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_erase_ahead.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Pins the lazy erase-ahead arithmetic used by the ESP-IDF OTA backend: the
+// erased watermark must always cover the write end, stay 64 KiB block-aligned
+// until the clamp, and never exceed the partition.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+static constexpr size_t BLOCK = 64 * 1024;
+static constexpr size_t PART = 1835008;  // 0x1C0000, a real app slot size
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, FirstWriteRoundsUpToOneBlock) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(1024, PART), BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, ExactBlockBoundaryDoesNotOverErase) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(BLOCK, PART), BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, StraddlingWriteCoversNextBlock) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(BLOCK + 1, PART), 2 * BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, ClampsToPartitionEnd) {
+  // Partition sizes are sector multiples but not always block multiples
+  constexpr size_t part = 27 * BLOCK + 4096;
+  EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(27 * BLOCK + 1, part), part);
+  EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(part, part), part);
+}
+
+// Bootloader staging seeds erased_end_ mid-block (e.g. 0x8000); the target for
+// a write past that seed must still cover the write end.
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, MidBlockSeedStillCovered) { EXPECT_EQ(next_erase_end(0x8000 + 1024, PART), BLOCK); }
+
+TEST(NextEraseEnd, SweepAlwaysCoversWriteEndWithinPartition) {
+  for (size_t end = 1; end <= PART; end += 4093) {
+    const size_t erased = next_erase_end(end, PART);
+    ASSERT_GE(erased, end);
+    ASSERT_LE(erased, PART);
+    // Block-aligned unless clamped at the partition end
+    ASSERT_TRUE(erased == PART || erased % BLOCK == 0);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_rsa_der.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_rsa_der.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aefce6769a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_rsa_der.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_rsa_der.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A modulus with the top bit set, as every real 3072-bit modulus has.
+std::array<uint8_t, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES> make_modulus(uint8_t first = 0xC5) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES> modulus{};
+  modulus.fill(0xAB);
+  modulus[0] = first;
+  modulus[RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES - 1] = 0x01;  // odd, like a real modulus
+  return modulus;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// e = 65537, the exponent espsecure uses.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, StandardExponent) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t len = rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der));
+
+  // 4 (SEQUENCE header) + 389 (modulus) + 5 (exponent) = 398
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 398u);
+  // SEQUENCE, 2-byte length of the 394-byte body
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[0], 0x30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[1], 0x82);
+  EXPECT_EQ((der[2] << 8) | der[3], 394);
+  // INTEGER, 2-byte length 385, sign pad, then the modulus
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[4], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[5], 0x82);
+  EXPECT_EQ((der[6] << 8) | der[7], 385);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[8], 0x00);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(der + 9, modulus.data(), modulus.size()));
+  // INTEGER, 3 bytes, leading zero of the input dropped
+  const size_t exp_at = 9 + RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 1], 0x03);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 2], 0x01);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 3], 0x00);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 4], 0x01);
+}
+
+// An exponent whose top bit is set needs a 0x00 sign pad, widening the body.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, ExponentNeedingSignPad) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t len = rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, 397u);  // 4 + 389 + 4
+  const size_t exp_at = 9 + RSA_3072_MODULUS_BYTES;
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at], 0x02);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 1], 0x02);  // pad + one value byte
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 2], 0x00);
+  EXPECT_EQ(der[exp_at + 3], 0x81);
+}
+
+// The widest exponent still fits the documented buffer size.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, WidestExponentFitsBuffer) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  const size_t len = rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(len, RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX);  // 4 + 389 + 7
+  EXPECT_LE(len, sizeof(der));
+}
+
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, ZeroExponentRejected) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  uint8_t der[RSA_DER_PUBKEY_MAX];
+  EXPECT_EQ(rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der, sizeof(der)), 0u);
+}
+
+// A buffer that cannot hold the result must be refused, not overrun. Sized
+// against a heap vector so ASAN catches a write past the end.
+TEST(RsaDerPublicKey, ShortBufferRejected) {
+  const auto modulus = make_modulus();
+  const uint8_t exponent[4] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01};
+  for (size_t out_len : {size_t(0), size_t(1), size_t(4), size_t(100), size_t(397)}) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> der(out_len);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rsa_der_public_key(modulus.data(), exponent, sizeof(exponent), der.data(), out_len), 0u)
+        << "out_len=" << out_len;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test_version_compare.cpp b/tests/components/ota/test_version_compare.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4072a45792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test_version_compare.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ota::testing {
+
+// version_is_older(candidate, reference) == true means candidate is a downgrade
+// and should be rejected.
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, PatchOlder) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(version_is_older("1.2.3", "1.2.4"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.2.4", "1.2.3"));
+}
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, NumericNotLexical) {
+  // "1.10.0" is newer than "1.9.0" even though '1' < '9' lexically.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(version_is_older("1.9.0", "1.10.0"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.10.0", "1.9.0"));
+}
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, MajorMinor) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(version_is_older("1.9.9", "2.0.0"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(version_is_older("1.2.9", "1.3.0"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("2.0.0", "1.9.9"));
+}
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, EqualVersionsAllowed) {
+  // Re-flashing the same version must be permitted.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("2024.1.0", "2024.1.0"));
+}
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, DifferingComponentCounts) {
+  // Missing trailing components count as 0.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.2", "1.2.0"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.2.0", "1.2"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(version_is_older("1.2", "1.2.1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.2.1", "1.2"));
+}
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, CalendarVersions) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(version_is_older("2024.12.0", "2025.1.0"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("2025.1.0", "2024.12.0"));
+}
+
+TEST(VersionIsOlder, NullInputsAreSafe) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older(nullptr, "1.2.3"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older("1.2.3", nullptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(version_is_older(nullptr, nullptr));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ota::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/common.yaml b/tests/components/packet_transport/common.yaml
index 9151cf27dc..5c6c8dd636 100644
--- a/tests/components/packet_transport/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/common.yaml
@@ -7,36 +7,40 @@ udp:
   addresses: ["239.0.60.53"]
 
 packet_transport:
-  platform: udp
-  update_interval: 5s
-  encryption: "our key goes here"
-  rolling_code_enable: true
-  ping_pong_enable: true
-  binary_sensors:
-    - binary_sensor_id1
-    - id: binary_sensor_id1
-      broadcast_id: other_id
-  sensors:
-    - sensor_id1
-    - id: sensor_id1
-      broadcast_id: other_id
-  providers:
-    - name: some-device-name
-      encryption: "their key goes here"
+  - platform: udp
+    id: transport_udp
+    update_interval: 5s
+    encryption: "our key goes here"
+    rolling_code_enable: true
+    ping_pong_enable: true
+    binary_sensors:
+      - binary_sensor_id1
+      - id: binary_sensor_id1
+        broadcast_id: other_id
+    sensors:
+      - sensor_id1
+      - id: sensor_id1
+        broadcast_id: other_id
+    providers:
+      - name: some-device-name
+        encryption: "their key goes here"
 
 sensor:
   - platform: template
     id: sensor_id1
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport_udp
     provider: some-device-name
     id: our_id
     remote_id: some_sensor_id
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport_udp
     provider: unencrypted-device
     id: other_binary_sensor_id
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport_udp
     provider: some-device-name
     type: status
     name: Some-Device Status
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/packet_transport/test.host.yaml
index 49fdbbc9b2..f67b561226 100644
--- a/tests/components/packet_transport/test.host.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/test.host.yaml
@@ -3,36 +3,40 @@ udp:
   addresses: ["239.0.60.53"]
 
 packet_transport:
-  platform: udp
-  update_interval: 5s
-  encryption: "our key goes here"
-  rolling_code_enable: true
-  ping_pong_enable: true
-  binary_sensors:
-    - binary_sensor_id1
-    - id: binary_sensor_id1
-      broadcast_id: other_id
-  sensors:
-    - sensor_id1
-    - id: sensor_id1
-      broadcast_id: other_id
-  providers:
-    - name: some-device-name
-      encryption: "their key goes here"
+  - platform: udp
+    id: transport_udp
+    update_interval: 5s
+    encryption: "our key goes here"
+    rolling_code_enable: true
+    ping_pong_enable: true
+    binary_sensors:
+      - binary_sensor_id1
+      - id: binary_sensor_id1
+        broadcast_id: other_id
+    sensors:
+      - sensor_id1
+      - id: sensor_id1
+        broadcast_id: other_id
+    providers:
+      - name: some-device-name
+        encryption: "their key goes here"
 
 sensor:
   - platform: template
     id: sensor_id1
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport_udp
     provider: some-device-name
     id: our_id
     remote_id: some_sensor_id
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport_udp
     provider: unencrypted-device
     id: other_binary_sensor_id
   - platform: packet_transport
+    transport_id: transport_udp
     provider: some-device-name
     type: status
     name: Some-Device Status
diff --git a/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml b/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml
index b2ceadd6f7..8d39670e32 100644
--- a/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/partition/common-ard.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ light:
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
     num_leds: 256
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     pin: ${pin}
   - platform: partition
     name: Partition Light
diff --git a/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml b/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml
index b2ceadd6f7..8d39670e32 100644
--- a/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/partition/common-idf.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ light:
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
     num_leds: 256
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     pin: ${pin}
   - platform: partition
     name: Partition Light
diff --git a/tests/components/pcm5122/common.yaml b/tests/components/pcm5122/common.yaml
index cf96f57464..a8ae1e6975 100644
--- a/tests/components/pcm5122/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pcm5122/common.yaml
@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ audio_dac:
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     address: 0x4D
     bits_per_sample: 32bit
+    analog_gain: -6db
+    channel_mix: swapped
+    volume_min_db: -60dB
+    volume_max_db: -3dB
+    enable_pin: GPIO12
 
 output:
   - platform: gpio
@@ -22,3 +27,9 @@ binary_sensor:
       number: 4
       mode:
         input: true
+
+switch:
+  - platform: pcm5122
+    pcm5122: pcm5122_dac
+    name: PCM5122 Power Down
+    power_mode: powerdown
diff --git a/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 4c7c176fdc..f0ea0f5898 100644
--- a/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/preferences/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
 preferences:
+  id: prefs_syncer
   flash_write_interval: 20s
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - component.suspend: prefs_syncer
+      - component.resume: prefs_syncer
diff --git a/tests/components/preferences/validate-rtc-storage.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/preferences/validate-rtc-storage.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1808e09f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/preferences/validate-rtc-storage.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Exercises the opt-in that compiles the RTC-backed preference storage into
+# the ESP32 backend without any other option selecting it.
+preferences:
+  rtc_storage: true
diff --git a/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24168881fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Exercises the provisioning window: api registers as a provisioning source
+# (encryption enabled, no key), the on_timeout automation, and the wifi +
+# esp32_improv cross-component guards. improv_serial is intentionally NOT gated.
+provisioning:
+  timeout: 1min
+  on_timeout:
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "Provisioning window expired"
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+improv_serial:
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: 0
+    id: io0_button
+
+esp32_improv:
+  authorizer: io0_button
diff --git a/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4188c00bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/provisioning/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Provisioning window on ESP8266 (no BLE Improv): api as a provisioning source
+# and the wifi reboot guard. improv_serial is present and intentionally NOT gated.
+provisioning:
+  timeout: 1min
+  on_timeout:
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "Provisioning window expired"
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+improv_serial:
diff --git a/tests/components/provisioning/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/provisioning/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fd3d67882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/provisioning/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# A device provisioned over the network (wifi / Improv) with no api: network
+# connectivity alone satisfies provisioning, so `provisioning:` is valid without an
+# api encryption source. Config-only -- exercises the network provisioning-source
+# validation path (the Improv-only case from the review).
+provisioning:
+  timeout: 1min
+  on_timeout:
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "Provisioning window expired"
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+improv_serial:
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b40f8cfd53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Sensor only: the pvvx display is a GATT client and stays ESP32-only.
+sensor:
+  - platform: pvvx_mithermometer
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: PVVX Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: PVVX Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml
index 972f23122c..8e3e8284a6 100644
--- a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ wifi:
   password: password1
 
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 ble_client:
   - mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
@@ -26,7 +27,9 @@ display:
       it.print_battery(true);
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: pvvx_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     temperature:
       name: PVVX Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bf34382d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  pvvx_mithermometer: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..756ebdf79d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pvvx_mithermometer/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here. The display platform is excluded: it needs ble_client
+# (GATT), which only the esp32 tracker stack provides.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_hub
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: pvvx_mithermometer
+    ble_hub_id: ble_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    temperature:
+      name: BK PVVX Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfa30b967f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+radon_eye_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml
index 85638d5c0e..4779f5db27 100644
--- a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 radon_eye_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f32bca2a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  radon_eye_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88e69921b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/radon_eye_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+radon_eye_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/common-buttons.yaml b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/common-buttons.yaml
index 5631c48f95..981946a9a4 100644
--- a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/common-buttons.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/common-buttons.yaml
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ button:
             0xFF,
           ]
   - platform: template
-    name: Haier
+    name: Haier Long
     on_press:
       remote_transmitter.transmit_haier:
         code:
@@ -217,6 +217,21 @@ button:
             0x00,
             0x05,
           ]
+  - platform: template
+    name: Haier Short
+    on_press:
+      remote_transmitter.transmit_haier:
+        code:
+          [
+            0xA6,
+            0xDA,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x40,
+            0x40,
+            0x00,
+            0x80,
+          ]
   - platform: template
     name: Mirage
     on_press:
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea2feafda9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+remote_transmitter:
+  id: xmitr
+  pin: GPIO26
+  carrier_duty_percent: 50%
+  # non_blocking is bk7231n/bk7238-only; the CI board is a BK7252
+
+packages:
+  buttons: !include common-buttons.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74caa24cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+remote_transmitter:
+  id: xmitr
+  pin: GPIO12
+  carrier_duty_percent: 50%
+  # non_blocking is rtl8720c-only; the CI board is an RTL8710B
+
+packages:
+  buttons: !include common-buttons.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
similarity index 97%
rename from tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
rename to tests/components/rp2/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 09531f914e..eaa494a01a 100644
--- a/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/rp2/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-rp2040:
+rp2:
   variant: rp2040
   enable_full_printf: false
 
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
similarity index 90%
rename from tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
rename to tests/components/rp2/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
index c9d795840d..84ee39a81e 100644
--- a/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/rp2/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-rp2040:
+rp2:
   variant: rp2350
   enable_full_printf: false
 
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-scan.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-scan.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..401a18c0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-scan.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Exercises the controller scan API from a lambda: scan start with
+# interval/window in 0.625 ms BLE units and the active flag, stop, and the
+# adapter MAC accessor.
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          uint8_t mac[6];
+          id(ble).get_mac_msb_first(mac);
+          if (id(ble).scan_start(160, 48, false)) {
+            id(ble).scan_stop();
+          }
+          if (id(ble).scan_start(160, 48, true)) {
+            id(ble).scan_stop();
+          }
+
+rp2040_ble:
+  id: ble
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml
index 254ac0e13d..1cb5fe0737 100644
--- a/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/common.yaml
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ light:
     pin: 4
     num_leds: 60
     pio: 0
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     chipset: WS2812
   - platform: rp2040_pio_led_strip
     id: led_strip_custom_timings
     pin: 5
     num_leds: 60
     pio: 1
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     bit0_high: .1us
     bit0_low: 1.2us
     bit1_high: .69us
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/validate-legacy.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/validate-legacy.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ab124393b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/validate-legacy.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# The deprecated rgb_order / is_rgbw keys, kept working until 2027.3.0.
+# Config-only: each strip below must migrate to the channel_colors shown in the comment.
+light:
+  - platform: rp2040_pio_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgb
+    pin: 4
+    num_leds: 60
+    pio: 0
+    chipset: WS2812
+    rgb_order: GRB # -> GRB
+  - platform: rp2040_pio_led_strip
+    id: legacy_rgbw
+    pin: 5
+    num_leds: 60
+    pio: 1
+    chipset: SK6812
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    is_rgbw: true # -> GRBW
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-automations.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-automations.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..273cb5bb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-automations.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: true
+      # Lambda arm of the templatable value — different codegen instantiation.
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.start_scan:
+          continuous: !lambda return false;
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan
+      - rp2_ble_tracker.stop_scan: ble_tracker
+
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  on_ble_advertise:
+    - mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+    - mac_address:
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+        - AC:37:43:77:5F:4D
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            char addr[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "The device address is %s", x.address_str_to(addr));
+  on_ble_service_data_advertise:
+    - service_uuid: ABCD
+      # mac_address exercises the UUID triggers' set_address() codegen branch.
+      mac_address: AC:37:43:77:5F:4C
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of service data is %zu", x.size());
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "32-bit service data is %zu", x.size());
+    - service_uuid: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "128-bit service data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_ble_manufacturer_data_advertise:
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Length of manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+    - manufacturer_id: ABCDABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCD-ABCDABCDABCD
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "128-bit manufacturer data is %zu", x.size());
+  on_scan_end:
+    - then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("main", "Scan ended");
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91e010b121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common-boundary.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker
+  scan_parameters:
+    # Boundary coverage: the documented 2.5 ms floor on window (expressible only
+    # via the microsecond-accurate validation), a non-round interval exercising the
+    # 0.625 ms unit conversion without collapsing onto the window's unit count,
+    # and the non-continuous config path.
+    interval: 5000us
+    window: 2500us
+    duration: 5min
+    active: false
+    continuous: false
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..633a4e1d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+rp2_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker
+  scan_parameters:
+    interval: 100ms
+    window: 30ms
+    duration: 5min
+    active: true
+    continuous: true
+
+# Pulls in USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER so the OTA scan-pause path compiles in CI
+# (same coverage arrangement as the esp32_ble_tracker tests).
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test-automations.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test-automations.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6710ee4373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test-automations.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  rp2_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
+  automations: !include common-automations.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b94f3cade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  rp2_ble_tracker: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b62a401320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2_ble_tracker/validate-boundary.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  rp2_ble_tracker: !include common-boundary.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/tests/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8ff4bb68e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from esphome.components.runtime_image import enable_format
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # to_code is suppressed in cpptest builds; formats are normally enabled by
+    # process_runtime_image_config(). Enable all formats so the format-switch
+    # tests have two decoder types and every retained decoder is under test.
+    async def to_code_testing(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+        enable_format("BMP")
+        enable_format("PNG")
+        enable_format("JPEG")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
diff --git a/tests/components/runtime_image/test_decoder_reuse.cpp b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_decoder_reuse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c2d00b747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_decoder_reuse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h"
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing {
+
+// 3x2 24bpp BMP, every pixel a unique color (rows padded to 4 bytes)
+static const uint8_t BMP_24BPP[] = {
+    0x42, 0x4D, 0x4E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC4, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC4, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0x22, 0x11, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x10, 0xE0, 0x40, 0xC0, 0x30, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED[2][3][3] = {
+    {{0xE0, 0x10, 0x20}, {0x30, 0xC0, 0x40}, {0x50, 0x60, 0xA0}},
+    {{0x11, 0x22, 0x33}, {0x99, 0x88, 0x77}, {0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF}},
+};
+
+// 3x2 8bpp BMP with a 4-entry color table
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP[] = {
+    0x42, 0x4D, 0x4E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0xD0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED[2][3][3] = {
+    {{0x10, 0x20, 0x30}, {0xF0, 0xE0, 0xD0}, {0x00, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF}, {0x00, 0xFF, 0x00}, {0xF0, 0xE0, 0xD0}},
+};
+
+// 3x2 8bpp BMP with an 8-entry color table, all colors distinct from BMP_8BPP's
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP_BIG[] = {
+    0x42, 0x4D, 0x5E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x18, 0x08,
+    0x00, 0xA8, 0xB8, 0xC8, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x55, 0x99,
+    0x11, 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00, 0x44, 0x22, 0xEE, 0x00, 0x01, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0x05, 0x03, 0x00,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t BMP_8BPP_BIG_EXPECTED[2][3][3] = {
+    {{0xEE, 0x22, 0x44}, {0x11, 0x99, 0x55}, {0x80, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0xC8, 0xB8, 0xA8}, {0x66, 0x00, 0xCC}, {0xFF, 0x80, 0x00}},
+};
+
+// 4x4 RGB PNG, every pixel a unique color
+static const uint8_t PNG_RGB[] = {
+    0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D, 0x49, 0x48, 0x44, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x08, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x93, 0x09, 0x29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x49,
+    0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x78, 0x9C, 0x63, 0x60, 0x64, 0x62, 0x16, 0x50, 0x30, 0x58, 0xB0, 0xE1, 0xC0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0C,
+    0x0C, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x50, 0xEC, 0xE0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x50, 0xCF, 0xF0, 0x9F, 0xA1, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7A, 0x86, 0xFA,
+    0xFF, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x42, 0x26, 0x61, 0xA9, 0xCE, 0x8A, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEC, 0x5A, 0x7D, 0xF6, 0x3D, 0x00, 0x81, 0xCB,
+    0x12, 0x4D, 0xB3, 0xFB, 0xD4, 0xE1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4E, 0x44, 0xAE, 0x42, 0x60, 0x82,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t PNG_RGB_EXPECTED[4][4][3] = {
+    {{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}, {0x10, 0x20, 0x30}, {0xA0, 0xB0, 0xC0}, {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0x40, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x40, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x40}, {0x40, 0x40, 0x40}},
+    {{0x7F, 0x00, 0xFF}, {0x00, 0x7F, 0xFF}, {0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00}, {0x7F, 0xFF, 0x00}},
+    {{0x12, 0x34, 0x56}, {0x65, 0x43, 0x21}, {0xFE, 0xDC, 0xBA}, {0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF}},
+};
+
+/// Exposes the protected decoder machinery so reuse and eviction can be observed directly.
+class TestableRuntimeImage : public RuntimeImage {
+ public:
+  explicit TestableRuntimeImage(ImageFormat format)
+      : RuntimeImage(format, image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB, image::TRANSPARENCY_OPAQUE, nullptr, false, 0, 0) {}
+
+  ImageDecoder *decoder() { return this->decoder_.get(); }
+};
+
+/// Runs one full decode session. Returns true when every stage succeeded.
+static bool decode_all(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, ImageFormat format = AUTO) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(data, data + len);  // feed_data needs mutable bytes
+  if (!img.begin_decode(len, format)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < len) {
+    int consumed = img.feed_data(buffer.data() + offset, len - offset);
+    if (consumed <= 0) {
+      return false;  // decode error, or no progress despite full data
+    }
+    offset += consumed;
+  }
+  return img.end_decode();
+}
+
+/// Feeds the image the way online_image's download loop does: append a small
+/// chunk to a window, feed the window, drop what was consumed, repeat. A zero
+/// return mid-stream means "need more data" and grows the window.
+static bool decode_chunked(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t chunk_size) {
+  if (!img.begin_decode(len)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::vector<uint8_t> window;
+  size_t supplied = 0;
+  while (supplied < len || !window.empty()) {
+    if (supplied < len) {
+      size_t take = std::min(chunk_size, len - supplied);
+      window.insert(window.end(), data + supplied, data + supplied + take);
+      supplied += take;
+    }
+    int consumed = img.feed_data(window.data(), window.size());
+    if (consumed < 0 || (consumed == 0 && supplied >= len)) {
+      return false;  // decode error, or stuck with all data supplied
+    }
+    window.erase(window.begin(), window.begin() + consumed);
+  }
+  return img.end_decode();
+}
+
+template<size_t H, size_t W> static void expect_pixels(TestableRuntimeImage &img, const uint8_t (&expected)[H][W][3]) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_width(), static_cast<int>(W));
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_height(), static_cast<int>(H));
+  for (size_t y = 0; y < H; y++) {
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < W; x++) {
+      SCOPED_TRACE(::testing::Message() << "pixel (" << x << "," << y << ")");
+      Color color = img.get_pixel(x, y);
+      EXPECT_THAT((std::array<uint8_t, 3>{color.r, color.g, color.b}), ::testing::ElementsAreArray(expected[y][x]));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, DecoderStaysWarmAcrossDecodes) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "decoder must be reused, not reallocated";
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, SecondDecodeStartsClean) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  // Palettized decode, then a 24bpp decode, then palettized again, all on the
+  // same decoder: each session must produce correct pixels for its own image.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, ColorTableGrowsAndShrinksAcrossReuse) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  // Small palette first: the retained table is allocated at 4 entries.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  // Growing to 8 entries on the reused decoder must reallocate, not overflow.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP_BIG, sizeof(BMP_8BPP_BIG)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_BIG_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+
+  // Shrinking back must not surface stale colors from the larger table.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, ChunkedFeedDecodesLikeDownloadLoop) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_chunked(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), 16));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+
+  // Chunked again on the warm decoder: the cross-call resume state
+  // (current_index_ / paint_index_) must have been fully reset.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_chunked(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), 16));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, FormatSwitchEvictsMismatchedDecoder) {
+  // Drive the format switch through begin_decode()'s format parameter, the way
+  // a dynamic-format producer (online_image MIME detection) does.
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(AUTO);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), BMP));
+  ASSERT_NE(img.decoder(), nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.decoder()->get_format(), BMP);
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+
+  // Same explicit format again: the decoder must stay warm.
+  ImageDecoder *bmp_decoder = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_8BPP, sizeof(BMP_8BPP), BMP));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_8BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), bmp_decoder);
+
+  // Different format: the stale decoder must be evicted and recreated.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, PNG_RGB, sizeof(PNG_RGB), PNG));
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder()->get_format(), PNG);
+  expect_pixels(img, PNG_RGB_EXPECTED);
+
+  // And back again.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), BMP));
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder()->get_format(), BMP);
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, AutoFormatFallsBackToConfiguredAndKeepsDecoderWarm) {
+  // With a configured format, an AUTO begin_decode() must resolve to the
+  // configured format before the reuse check instead of evicting the decoder.
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), AUTO));
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(first->get_format(), BMP);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP), AUTO));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "AUTO must not evict the configured-format decoder";
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, AutoWithoutConfiguredFormatFails) {
+  // Neither a configured format nor an explicit one: there is nothing to decode with.
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(AUTO);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.begin_decode(64));
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, ReleaseKeepsDecoderWarm) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(PNG);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, PNG_RGB, sizeof(PNG_RGB)));
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  img.release();
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first) << "release() must keep the decoder for reuse";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decoding());
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.get_width(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.get_height(), 0);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, PNG_RGB, sizeof(PNG_RGB)));
+  expect_pixels(img, PNG_RGB_EXPECTED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, FailedDecodeRecovers) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+
+  uint8_t garbage[32];
+  memset(garbage, 'X', sizeof(garbage));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(img.begin_decode(sizeof(garbage)));
+  EXPECT_LT(img.feed_data(garbage, sizeof(garbage)), 0) << "garbage must fail to decode";
+  img.release();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, BMP_24BPP, sizeof(BMP_24BPP)));
+  expect_pixels(img, BMP_24BPP_EXPECTED);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+// 8x8 gradient JPEG (quality 90). JPEG is lossy, so the test asserts that a
+// reused decoder reproduces the exact same pixels, not absolute colors.
+static const uint8_t JPEG_GRADIENT[] = {
+    0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x10, 0x4A, 0x46, 0x49, 0x46, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0x00, 0x43, 0x00, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x04, 0x03, 0x03,
+    0x04, 0x05, 0x08, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x0A, 0x07, 0x07, 0x06, 0x08, 0x0C, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0B, 0x0A,
+    0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x11, 0x0E, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x10, 0x16, 0x10, 0x11, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15,
+    0x15, 0x15, 0x0C, 0x0F, 0x17, 0x18, 0x16, 0x14, 0x18, 0x12, 0x14, 0x15, 0x14, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0x00, 0x43, 0x01, 0x03,
+    0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x04, 0x05, 0x09, 0x05, 0x05, 0x09, 0x14, 0x0D, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0xFF, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x11, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x03, 0x01, 0x22, 0x00,
+    0x02, 0x11, 0x01, 0x03, 0x11, 0x01, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x05, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
+    0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A,
+    0x0B, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xB5, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x03, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x7D, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, 0x11, 0x05, 0x12, 0x21, 0x31, 0x41, 0x06, 0x13, 0x51, 0x61, 0x07,
+    0x22, 0x71, 0x14, 0x32, 0x81, 0x91, 0xA1, 0x08, 0x23, 0x42, 0xB1, 0xC1, 0x15, 0x52, 0xD1, 0xF0, 0x24, 0x33, 0x62,
+    0x72, 0x82, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
+    0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4A, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5A,
+    0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7A, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85,
+    0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8A, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9A, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6,
+    0xA7, 0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0xB4, 0xB5, 0xB6, 0xB7, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xC2, 0xC3, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC7,
+    0xC8, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0xD6, 0xD7, 0xD8, 0xD9, 0xDA, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xE7,
+    0xE8, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
+    0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0xFF, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xB5, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x04,
+    0x03, 0x04, 0x07, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x77, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x11, 0x04, 0x05, 0x21, 0x31,
+    0x06, 0x12, 0x41, 0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x71, 0x13, 0x22, 0x32, 0x81, 0x08, 0x14, 0x42, 0x91, 0xA1, 0xB1, 0xC1, 0x09,
+    0x23, 0x33, 0x52, 0xF0, 0x15, 0x62, 0x72, 0xD1, 0x0A, 0x16, 0x24, 0x34, 0xE1, 0x25, 0xF1, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A,
+    0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4A,
+    0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5A, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75,
+    0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7A, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8A, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96,
+    0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9A, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0xB4, 0xB5, 0xB6, 0xB7,
+    0xB8, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xC2, 0xC3, 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0xD6, 0xD7, 0xD8,
+    0xD9, 0xDA, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xE7, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0xF8, 0xF9,
+    0xFA, 0xFF, 0xDA, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x11, 0x03, 0x11, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xE5, 0x3E, 0x0B, 0xFE,
+    0xC8, 0x7F, 0xEA, 0x3F, 0xD0, 0xBD, 0x3F, 0x86, 0x8A, 0x28, 0xAA, 0xC2, 0x62, 0x6A, 0xFB, 0x25, 0xA9, 0xD5, 0xC0,
+    0x7C, 0x6B, 0x9D, 0x7F, 0x62, 0xD3, 0xFD, 0xEF, 0xF5, 0xF7, 0x9F, 0xFF, 0xD9,
+};
+
+static std::vector<uint8_t> pixel_bytes(TestableRuntimeImage &img) {
+  const uint8_t *start = img.get_data_start();
+  return std::vector<uint8_t>(start, start + img.get_width_stride() * img.get_height());
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, JpegDecoderStaysWarmAcrossDecodes) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(JPEG);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, JPEG_GRADIENT, sizeof(JPEG_GRADIENT)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_width(), 8);
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.get_height(), 8);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> first_pixels = pixel_bytes(img);
+  ImageDecoder *first = img.decoder();
+  ASSERT_NE(first, nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(decode_all(img, JPEG_GRADIENT, sizeof(JPEG_GRADIENT)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(img.decoder(), first);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pixel_bytes(img), first_pixels) << "reused decoder must reproduce identical pixels";
+}
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageDecoder, SessionFlagsTrackLifecycle) {
+  TestableRuntimeImage img(BMP);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(BMP_24BPP, BMP_24BPP + sizeof(BMP_24BPP));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(img.begin_decode(buffer.size()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(img.is_decoding());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decode_finished());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(img.feed_data(buffer.data(), buffer.size()), static_cast<int>(buffer.size()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(img.is_decode_finished()) << "all pixel data consumed";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(img.end_decode());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decoding()) << "end_decode() must close the session";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(img.is_decode_finished()) << "no session means nothing is 'finished'";
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/runtime_image/test_mime_types.cpp b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_mime_types.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de8bbc76be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/runtime_image/test_mime_types.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing {
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, FormatForKnownMimeTypes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/bmp"), BMP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-ms-bmp"), BMP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-bmp"), BMP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/png"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/x-png"), PNG);
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/jpeg"), JPEG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/jpg"), JPEG);
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, FormatMatchingIsCaseInsensitive) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("Image/PNG"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("IMAGE/BMP"), BMP);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, FormatMatchesContentTypeWithParameters) {
+  // Content-Type headers may carry parameters after the media type
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/png; charset=binary"), PNG);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/bmp;name=\"a.bmp\""), BMP);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, UnknownMimeTypeHasNoFormat) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("text/html"), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("application/octet-stream"), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type("image/*"), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type(""), std::nullopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type(nullptr), std::nullopt);
+}
+
+TEST(RuntimeImageMime, MimeTypeForFormatRoundTrip) {
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(BMP), "image/bmp");
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(PNG), "image/png");
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(JPEG), "image/jpeg");
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+  // AUTO has no single MIME type and falls back to the wildcard
+  EXPECT_STREQ(get_mime_type_for_format(AUTO), "image/*");
+
+  // Every decodable format must resolve back to itself through its MIME type
+  for (ImageFormat format : {
+           BMP,
+           PNG,
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+           JPEG,
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+       }) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(get_format_for_mime_type(get_mime_type_for_format(format)), format) << format;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39e578f349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ruuvi_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml
index 1f155fd8e1..0221d865ef 100644
--- a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 ruuvi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cc6a112ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ruuvi_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0436c0031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+ruuvi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3219624340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: ruuvitag
+    mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E8
+    humidity:
+      name: RuuviTag Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: RuuviTag Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml
index 7990617710..ce6abf5bb5 100644
--- a/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: ruuvitag
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E8
     humidity:
       name: RuuviTag Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b0d8c2c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  ruuvitag: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ruuvitag/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/ruuvitag/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..967df8e53f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ruuvitag/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: ruuvitag
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E8
+    humidity:
+      name: RuuviTag Humidity
+    temperature:
+      name: RuuviTag Temperature
+    pressure:
+      name: RuuviTag Pressure
+    acceleration:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration
+    acceleration_x:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration X
+    acceleration_y:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration Y
+    acceleration_z:
+      name: RuuviTag Acceleration Z
+    battery_voltage:
+      name: RuuviTag Battery Voltage
+    tx_power:
+      name: RuuviTag TX Power
+    movement_counter:
+      name: RuuviTag Movement Counter
+    measurement_sequence_number:
+      name: RuuviTag Measurement Sequence Number
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: ruuvitag
+    mac_address: FF:56:D3:2F:7D:E9
+    temperature:
+      name: BK RuuviTag Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/safe_mode/test-no-shutdown-confirm.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/safe_mode/test-no-shutdown-confirm.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ee1f308a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/safe_mode/test-no-shutdown-confirm.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Compile with OTA rollback support active (ota + safe_mode on ESP-IDF, the
+# default) but boot_is_good_on_shutdown disabled, so an orderly shutdown does
+# not confirm the app image; only boot_is_good_after / mark_successful do.
+packages:
+  safe_mode: !include common-enabled.yaml
+
+safe_mode:
+  boot_is_good_on_shutdown: false
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/safe_mode/test-rtc.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/safe_mode/test-rtc.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..113a2b6ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/safe_mode/test-rtc.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Exercises the ESP32 RTC-backed preferences path (storage: rtc) for safe_mode.
+safe_mode:
+  num_attempts: 3
+  storage: rtc
diff --git a/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml
index a4462a16ea..5cfff15243 100644
--- a/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ sensor:
       name: PM <10µm Weight concentration
       id: pm_10_0
       accuracy_decimals: 1
-    nox:
-      name: NOx
-    voc:
-      name: VOC
+    nox_index:
+      name: NOx Index
+    voc_index:
+      name: VOC Index
       algorithm_tuning:
         index_offset: 100
         learning_time_offset_hours: 12
@@ -42,4 +42,5 @@ sensor:
     auto_cleaning_interval: 604800s
     acceleration_mode: low
     store_baseline: true
+    model: sen55
     address: 0x69
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
index 61ff9f1e0c..859e012c4a 100644
--- a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ sensor:
       name: PM <10µm Weight concentration
       id: sen6x_pm_10_0
       accuracy_decimals: 1
-    nox:
-      name: NOx
-    voc:
-      name: VOC
+    nox_index:
+      name: NOx Index
+    voc_index:
+      name: VOC Index
     co2:
       name: Carbon Dioxide
     formaldehyde:
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml
index 16f19ad7d1..1bba06ab46 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-action.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # `sendspin.switch` action enables the controller role, so we use a standalone test
 packages:
-  base: !include common.yaml
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 wifi:
   on_connect:
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-ethernet.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-ethernet.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..276163cda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-ethernet.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+packages:
+  sendspin_hub: !include common-hub.yaml
+
+ethernet:
+  type: OPENETH
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-hub.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-hub.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a6a9ffd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-hub.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
+sendspin:
+  id: sendspin_hub_id
+  task_stack_in_psram: true
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-image.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-image.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c32a5e257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-image.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+    lambda: |-
+      it.fill(Color(0, 0, 0));
+      it.image(0, 0, id(album_art));
+
+image:
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: album_slot
+    format: JPEG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 240x240
+    source: ALBUM
+    current_image:
+      id: album_art
+    transition_image:
+      id: album_art_transition
+    on_image_display:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "Album art displayed (late by %u ms)"
+          args: ["(unsigned) lateness_ms"]
+      # Stand-in for a display transition; with a transition image every display must end
+      # with transition_finished so the library releases the next artwork frame.
+      - delay: 300ms
+      - sendspin.image.transition_finished: album_slot
+    on_image_clear:
+      - logger.log: "Album art cleared"
+    on_image_error:
+      - logger.log: "Album art error"
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: artist_slot
+    format: PNG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 96x96
+    source: ARTIST
+    current_image:
+      id: artist_art
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml
index d3792cf470..afb8b992f3 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_player.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 media_player:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml
index 5b33a54647..1977b79c04 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-media_source.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 media_source:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml
index 6d9745cff9..6467e38b90 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-sensor.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 sensor:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml
index fc6a56a21a..23111e8d37 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common-text_sensor.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
 
 text_sensor:
   - platform: sendspin
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml
index 9d7da76758..980635b4e3 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/common.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
+packages:
+  sendspin_hub: !include common-hub.yaml
+
 wifi:
   ap:
-
-psram:
-  mode: quad
-
-sendspin:
-  id: sendspin_hub_id
-  task_stack_in_psram: true
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml
index 70a7ee1bad..080eb59034 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-action.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-action.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-action.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
index 069e397d99..09a951d211 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-ethernet.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,2 @@
-ethernet:
-  type: OPENETH
-
-psram:
-  mode: quad
-
-sendspin:
-  id: sendspin_hub_id
-  task_stack_in_psram: true
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-ethernet.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-image-lvgl.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image-lvgl.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9084d77262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image-lvgl.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+
+lvgl:
+  displays:
+    - main_lcd
+  animations:
+    # Fades the top widget out to reveal the new artwork underneath. Starting it also snaps the
+    # widget back to full opacity, and on_stop acks the transition so the library can deliver the
+    # next artwork.
+    - id: album_art_crossfade
+      duration: 2s
+      widgets:
+        - id: outgoing_art
+          opa:
+            from: 100%
+            to: 0%
+      on_stop:
+        - sendspin.image.transition_finished: album_slot
+  widgets:
+    # Cross-fade pair: the bottom widget always shows the current artwork; the top widget is
+    # pointed at the outgoing frame on each display event and faded out over it.
+    - image:
+        id: incoming_art
+        src: album_art
+    - image:
+        id: outgoing_art
+        src: album_art
+
+image:
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: album_slot
+    format: JPEG
+    type: RGB565
+    resize: 240x240
+    source: ALBUM
+    # Start the fade 1s before the track boundary so the 2s cross-fade straddles it.
+    display_offset: 1s
+    current_image:
+      id: album_art
+    transition_image:
+      id: album_art_transition
+    on_image_display:
+      # A widget keeps drawing the buffer it was last pointed at until its source is set again, so
+      # both widgets are re-pointed on every display: the top widget at the outgoing frame
+      # (covering the bottom), the bottom widget at the new frame. The transition image is black
+      # before the first artwork, so the first fade needs no special case.
+      - lvgl.image.update:
+          id: outgoing_art
+          src: album_art_transition
+      - lvgl.image.update:
+          id: incoming_art
+          src: album_art
+      - lvgl.animation.start: album_art_crossfade
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-image.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4f9e492c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-image.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+  sendspin: !include common-image.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
index cbbdb07c77..bcd4062bbe 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-media_player.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-media_player.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml
index 47aeb2257c..faadccb06d 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-media_source.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-media_source.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-media_source.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
index f9127d47bc..1646902ca3 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-sensor.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-sensor.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
index 8998b8896e..69cf8e63fb 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test-text_sensor.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common-text_sensor.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common-text_sensor.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index dade44d145..36667f7fae 100644
--- a/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sendspin/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common.yaml
+packages:
+  sendspin: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/common.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d883e02cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: sfa40
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    wait_for_ready: false
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: SFA40 formaldehyde
+    temperature:
+      name: SFA40 temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: SFA40 humidity
+    address: 0x5D
+    update_interval: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff65829346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+  sfa40: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11c0bcbfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  sfa40: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c7f8acdf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  sfa40: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sfa40/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sfa40/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f65ac4bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sfa40/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: sfa40
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    wait_for_ready: true
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: SFA40 formaldehyde
diff --git a/tests/components/sgp4x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sgp4x/common.yaml
index 4edda8fd1b..88b8166876 100644
--- a/tests/components/sgp4x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sgp4x/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sensor:
   - platform: sgp4x
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
-    voc:
+    voc_index:
       name: VOC Index
       id: sgp40_voc_index
       algorithm_tuning:
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ sensor:
         gating_max_duration_minutes: 180
         std_initial: 50
         gain_factor: 230
-    nox:
-      name: NOx
+    nox_index:
+      name: NOx Index
       algorithm_tuning:
         index_offset: 100
         learning_time_offset_hours: 12
diff --git a/tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/components/spi/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
rename to tests/components/spi/test.rp2350-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/spi_device/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/spi_device/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41dc178c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spi_device/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+  common: !include common.yaml
+psram:
+  mode: octal
+spi_device:
+  - id: spi_device_psram_dma_test
+    psram_dma: true
+    data_rate: 1MHz
+    spi_mode: 0
diff --git a/tests/components/st7123/common.yaml b/tests/components/st7123/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b34eb669e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/st7123/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+display:
+  - platform: ssd1306_i2c
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: st7123_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    model: SSD1306_128X64
+    reset_pin: ${display_reset_pin}
+    pages:
+      - id: st7123_page1
+        lambda: |-
+          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());
+
+touchscreen:
+  - platform: st7123
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: st7123_touchscreen
+    display: st7123_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
+    reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
diff --git a/tests/components/st7123/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/st7123/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bce86d9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/st7123/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+substitutions:
+  display_reset_pin: "10"
+  interrupt_pin: "20"
+  reset_pin: "21"
+
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/syslog/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/syslog/test.host.yaml
index 31122437d5..d9aa8e529b 100644
--- a/tests/components/syslog/test.host.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/syslog/test.host.yaml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ udp:
   addresses: ["239.0.60.53"]
 
 time:
-  platform: host
+  - platform: host
 
 syslog:
   port: 514
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/common.yaml b/tests/components/test_display/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c36cf4b997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/test_display/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# The test_display platform (and its external_components entry) is provided by
+# the shared package included from the test.*.yaml files. These extra instances
+# exercise the remaining `dimensions` code paths: the width/height map form and
+# the default when omitted. The package's own `test_display_screen` covers the
+# "WIDTHxHEIGHT" string form.
+display:
+  - platform: test_display
+    id: test_display_wh_dimensions
+    dimensions:
+      width: 320
+      height: 240
+  - platform: test_display
+    id: test_display_default_dimensions
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/__init__.py b/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/display.py b/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/display.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8503053b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/display.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import display
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_DIMENSIONS, CONF_HEIGHT, CONF_ID, CONF_WIDTH
+from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+
+test_display_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("test_display")
+TestDisplay = test_display_ns.class_("TestDisplay", display.Display)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(TestDisplay),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DIMENSIONS, default="100x100"): cv.Any(
+            cv.dimensions,
+            cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    cv.Required(CONF_WIDTH): cv.int_,
+                    cv.Required(CONF_HEIGHT): cv.int_,
+                }
+            ),
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await display.register_display(var, config)
+
+    dimensions = config[CONF_DIMENSIONS]
+    if isinstance(dimensions, dict):
+        width, height = dimensions[CONF_WIDTH], dimensions[CONF_HEIGHT]
+    else:
+        width, height = dimensions
+    cg.add(var.set_dimensions(width, height))
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/test_display.h b/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/test_display.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f2b03a773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/test_display/components/test_display/test_display.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
+#include "esphome/core/color.h"
+
+namespace esphome::test_display {
+
+/** A no-op display that draws nothing and uses no pins.
+ *
+ * It exists purely to satisfy components that require a display (for example
+ * touchscreens, which read the display dimensions) in configurations - most
+ * notably YAML build tests - where a real display driver would only get in the
+ * way by occupying GPIO pins and pulling in bus dependencies.
+ */
+class TestDisplay : public display::Display {
+ public:
+  void update() override { this->do_update_(); }
+
+  void set_dimensions(int width, int height) {
+    this->width_ = width;
+    this->height_ = height;
+  }
+
+  display::DisplayType get_display_type() override { return display::DisplayType::DISPLAY_TYPE_COLOR; }
+
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override {}
+
+ protected:
+  int get_width_internal() override { return this->width_; }
+  int get_height_internal() override { return this->height_; }
+
+  int width_{0};
+  int height_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::test_display
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/test_display/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfc8006c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/test_display/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  test_display_extra: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/test_display/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfc8006c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/test_display/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  test_display_extra: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/test_display/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/test_display/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfc8006c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/test_display/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  test_display_extra: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10aff2d658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: thermopro_ble
+    mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B7
+    temperature:
+      name: ThermoPro Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: ThermoPro Humidity
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml
index 297725e1c3..63fab83c01 100644
--- a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: thermopro_ble
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B7
     temperature:
       name: "ThermoPro Temperature"
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3a59e83fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  thermopro_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/thermopro_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f1ec417be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thermopro_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: thermopro_ble
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B7
+    temperature:
+      name: "ThermoPro Temperature"
+    humidity:
+      name: "ThermoPro Humidity"
+    battery_level:
+      name: "ThermoPro Battery Level"
+    signal_strength:
+      name: "ThermoPro Signal Strength"
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: thermopro_ble
+    mac_address: FE:74:B8:6A:97:B8
+    temperature:
+      name: BK ThermoPro Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/time/__init__.py b/tests/components/time/__init__.py
index 7f68003e29..8b4fd955f2 100644
--- a/tests/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     async def to_code(config):
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
+        cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
     manifest.to_code = to_code
diff --git a/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp b/tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
similarity index 56%
rename from tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp
rename to tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
index 440eea608d..760328a518 100644
--- a/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
-// Tests for the POSIX TZ parser, time conversion functions, and ESPTime::strptime.
+// Tests for time conversion functions, DST detection, and ESPTime::strptime.
 //
-// Most tests here cover the C++ POSIX TZ string parser (parse_posix_tz), which is
-// bridge code for backward compatibility — it will be removed before ESPHome 2026.9.0.
-// After https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/14233 merges, the parser is solely
-// used to handle timezone strings from Home Assistant clients older than 2026.3.0
-// that haven't been updated to send the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct.
-// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
-//
-// The epoch_to_local_tm, is_in_dst, and ESPTime::strptime tests cover conversion
-// functions that will remain permanently.
+// These tests cover the permanent timezone functions: epoch_to_local_tm, is_in_dst,
+// calculate_dst_transition, and the internal helper functions they depend on.
 
 // Enable USE_TIME_TIMEZONE for tests
 #define USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
@@ -16,6 +9,8 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
 #include "esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
 
@@ -35,435 +30,83 @@ static time_t make_utc(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int min = 0,
   return days * 86400 + hour * 3600 + min * 60 + sec;
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Basic TZ string parsing tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseSimpleOffsetEST5) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);  // +5 hours (west of UTC)
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+// Helper to build a US Eastern timezone (EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2)
+static ParsedTimezone make_us_eastern() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = 4 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 2;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 11;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNegativeOffsetCET) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CET-1", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -1 * 3600);  // -1 hour (east of UTC)
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+// Helper to build a US Central timezone (CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0)
+static ParsedTimezone make_us_central() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 6 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 2;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 11;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseExplicitPositiveOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST+5", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+// Helper to build New Zealand timezone (NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3)
+static ParsedTimezone make_new_zealand() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -12 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -13 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 9;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 4;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseZeroOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUSEasternWithDST) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 4 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.week, 2);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day_of_week, 0);          // Sunday
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);  // Default 2:00 AM
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 11);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.week, 1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day_of_week, 0);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUSCentralWithTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 6 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);  // 2:00 AM
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseEuropeBerlin) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -1 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -2 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.week, 5);  // Last week
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 10);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.week, 5);                 // Last week
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 3 * 3600);  // 3:00 AM
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNewZealand) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Southern hemisphere - DST starts in Sept, ends in April
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -12 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -13 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 9);  // September
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 4);    // April
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseExplicitDstOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Some places have non-standard DST offsets
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST5DST4,M3.2.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 4 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Angle-bracket notation tests (espressif/newlib-esp32#8)
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketPositive) {
-  // Format: <+07>-7 means UTC+7 (name is "+07", offset is -7 hours east)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+07>-7", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -7 * 3600);  // -7 = 7 hours east of UTC
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketNegative) {
-  // <-03>3 means UTC-3 (name is "-03", offset is 3 hours west)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<-03>3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 3 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketWithDST) {
-  // <+10>-10<+11>,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3 (Australia/Sydney style)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+10>-10<+11>,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -10 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -11 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 10);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 4);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketNamed) {
-  // <AEST>-10 (Australian Eastern Standard Time)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<AEST>-10", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -10 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketWithMinutes) {
-  // <+0545>-5:45 (Nepal)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+0545>-5:45", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Half-hour and unusual offset tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithMinutesIndia) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // India: UTC+5:30
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("IST-5:30", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithMinutesNepal) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Nepal: UTC+5:45
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("NPT-5:45", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithSeconds) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Unusual but valid: offset with seconds
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST-1:30:30", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(1 * 3600 + 30 * 60 + 30));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseChathamIslands) {
-  // Chatham Islands: UTC+12:45 with DST
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+1245>-12:45<+1345>,M9.5.0/2:45,M4.1.0/3:45", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(12 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -(13 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Invalid input tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseEmptyStringFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNullFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz(nullptr, tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseShortNameFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // TZ name must be at least 3 characters
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("AB5", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseMissingOffsetFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUnterminatedBracketFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("<+07-7", tz));  // Missing closing >
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// J-format and plain day number tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseJFormatBasic) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // J format: Julian day 1-365, not counting Feb 29
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60,J305", tz));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);  // March 1
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 305);  // November 1
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseJFormatWithTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60/2,J305/2", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 305);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParsePlainDayNumber) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Plain format: day 0-365, counting Feb 29 in leap years
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,59,304", tz));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 59);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.type, DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 304);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JFormatInvalidDayZero) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // J format day must be 1-365, not 0
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J0,J305", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JFormatInvalidDay366) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // J format day must be 1-365
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J366,J305", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, ParsePlainDayNumberWithTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,59/3,304/1:30", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 59);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 3 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 304);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 1 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDayInvalidDay366) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Plain format day must be 0-365
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,366,304", tz));
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Transition time edge cases (POSIX V3 allows -167 to +167 hours)
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, NegativeTransitionTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Negative transition time: /-1 means 11 PM (23:00) the previous day
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/-1,M11.1.0/2", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, -1 * 3600);  // -1 hour = 11 PM previous day
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, NegativeTransitionTimeWithMinutes) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // /-1:30 means 10:30 PM the previous day
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/-1:30,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, -(1 * 3600 + 30 * 60));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LargeTransitionTime) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX V3 allows transition times from -167 to +167 hours
-  // /25 means 1:00 AM the next day
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/25,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 25 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxTransitionTime167Hours) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Maximum allowed transition time per POSIX V3
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/167,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 167 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, TransitionTimeWithHoursMinutesSeconds) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2:30:45,M11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600 + 30 * 60 + 45);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Invalid M format tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidMonth13) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Month must be 1-12
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M13.1.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidMonth0) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Month must be 1-12
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M0.1.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidWeek6) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Week must be 1-5
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.6.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidWeek0) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Week must be 1-5
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.0.0,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidDayOfWeek7) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Day of week must be 0-6
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.7,M11.1.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRule) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRuleJFormat) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRulePlainDay) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,60", tz));
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LowercaseMFormat) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Lowercase 'm' should be accepted
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,m3.2.0,m11.1.0", tz));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 11);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LowercaseJFormat) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Lowercase 'j' should be accepted
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,j60,j305", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstNameWithoutRules) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // DST name present but no rules - treat as no DST since we can't determine transitions
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT", tz));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, TrailingCharactersIgnored) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Trailing characters after valid TZ should be ignored (parser stops at end of valid input)
-  // This matches libc behavior
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5 extra garbage here", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDay365LeapYear) {
-  // Day 365 in leap year is Dec 31
-  int month, day;
-  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(365, 2024, month, day);
-  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
-  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDay364NonLeapYear) {
-  // Day 364 (0-indexed) is Dec 31 in non-leap year (last valid day)
-  int month, day;
-  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(364, 2025, month, day);
-  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
-  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Large offset tests
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxOffset14Hours) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Line Islands (Kiribati) is UTC+14, the maximum offset
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+14>-14", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -14 * 3600);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxNegativeOffset12Hours) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  // Baker Island is UTC-12
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<-12>12", tz));
-  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 12 * 3600);
+// Helper to build Australia/Sydney timezone (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3)
+static ParsedTimezone make_australia_sydney() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -10 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -11 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 10;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 4;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  return tz;
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Helper function tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
   // J60 is always March 1 (J format ignores leap years by design)
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(60, month, day);
@@ -471,7 +114,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
   int month, day;
   // Day 59 in leap year is Feb 29
   internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(59, 2024, month, day);
@@ -483,7 +126,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
   // January 1, 1970 was Thursday (4)
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(1970, 1, 1), 4);
   // January 1, 2000 was Saturday (6)
@@ -492,56 +135,56 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(2026, 3, 8), 0);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LeapYearDetection) {
+TEST(PosixTz, LeapYearDetection) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(internal::is_leap_year(1900));  // Divisible by 100 but not 400
   EXPECT_TRUE(internal::is_leap_year(2000));   // Divisible by 400
   EXPECT_TRUE(internal::is_leap_year(2024));   // Divisible by 4
   EXPECT_FALSE(internal::is_leap_year(2025));  // Not divisible by 4
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay1IsJan1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay1IsJan1) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(1, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay31IsJan31) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay31IsJan31) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(31, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay32IsFeb1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay32IsFeb1) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(32, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay59IsFeb28) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay59IsFeb28) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(59, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 28);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay365IsDec31) {
+TEST(PosixTz, JulianDay365IsDec31) {
   int month, day;
   internal::julian_to_month_day(365, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear0IsJan1) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DayOfYear0IsJan1) {
   int month, day;
   internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(0, 2025, month, day);
   EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
   EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthRegular) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DaysInMonthRegular) {
   // Test all 12 months to ensure switch coverage
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 1), 31);   // Jan - default case
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 2), 28);   // Feb - case 2
@@ -557,19 +200,32 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthRegular) {
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 12), 31);  // Dec - default case
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthLeapYear) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DaysInMonthLeapYear) {
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2024, 2), 29);
   EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 2), 28);
 }
 
+TEST(PosixTz, PlainDay365LeapYear) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(365, 2024, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, PlainDay364NonLeapYear) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(364, 2025, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // DST transition calculation tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
   // March 8, 2026 is 2nd Sunday of March
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   time_t dst_start = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, tz.dst_start, tz.std_offset_seconds);
   struct tm tm;
@@ -582,10 +238,9 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_hour, 7);     // 7:00 UTC = 2:00 EST
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
   // November 1, 2026 is 1st Sunday of November
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   time_t dst_end = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, tz.dst_end, tz.dst_offset_seconds);
   struct tm tm;
@@ -598,7 +253,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_hour, 6);      // 6:00 UTC = 2:00 EDT
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
   // Europe: M3.5.0 = last Sunday of March = March 29, 2026
   DSTRule rule{};
   rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
@@ -613,7 +268,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);  // Sunday
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
   // Europe: M10.5.0 = last Sunday of October = October 25, 2026
   DSTRule rule{};
   rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
@@ -628,7 +283,7 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
   EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);  // Sunday
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
+TEST(PosixTz, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
   // April 5, 2026 is 1st Sunday
   DSTRule rule{};
   rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
@@ -647,46 +302,39 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
 // DST detection tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstUSEasternSummer) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, IsInDstUSEasternSummer) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
   // July 4, 2026 12:00 UTC - definitely in DST
   time_t summer = make_utc(2026, 7, 4, 12);
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(summer, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstUSEasternWinter) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, IsInDstUSEasternWinter) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
   // January 15, 2026 12:00 UTC - definitely not in DST
   time_t winter = make_utc(2026, 1, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(winter, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstNoDstTimezone) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("IST-5:30", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, IsInDstNoDstTimezone) {
+  // India: IST-5:30 (no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
+  // No DST rules
 
-  // July 15, 2026 12:00 UTC
   time_t epoch = make_utc(2026, 7, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(epoch, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstSummer) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, SouthernHemisphereDstSummer) {
+  auto tz = make_new_zealand();
   // December 15, 2025 12:00 UTC - summer in NZ, should be in DST
   time_t nz_summer = make_utc(2025, 12, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(nz_summer, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz);
-
+TEST(PosixTz, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
+  auto tz = make_new_zealand();
   // July 15, 2026 12:00 UTC - winter in NZ, should NOT be in DST
   time_t nz_winter = make_utc(2026, 7, 15, 12);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(nz_winter, tz));
@@ -696,9 +344,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
 // epoch_to_local_tm tests
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalBasic) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalBasic) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
 
   time_t epoch = 0;  // Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC
   struct tm local;
@@ -709,9 +356,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalBasic) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 0);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
 
   // Dec 31, 1969 23:59:59 UTC (1 second before epoch)
   time_t epoch = -1;
@@ -725,15 +371,15 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_sec, 59);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNullTmFails) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNullTmFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
   EXPECT_FALSE(epoch_to_local_tm(0, tz, nullptr));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5", tz);  // UTC-5
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
+  // EST5 (UTC-5, no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
 
   // Jan 1, 2026 05:00:00 UTC should be Jan 1, 2026 00:00:00 EST
   time_t utc_epoch = make_utc(2026, 1, 1, 5);
@@ -745,9 +391,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   // July 4, 2026 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT (noon)
   time_t utc_epoch = make_utc(2026, 7, 4, 16);
@@ -758,210 +403,12 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
   EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Leap year edge cases for closed-form year arithmetic
-// ============================================================================
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalLeapYear2000) {
-  // 2000 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  // Feb 29, 2000 12:00:00 UTC
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2000, 2, 29, 12);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 100);  // 2000
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNonLeapYear2100) {
-  // 2100 is NOT a leap year (divisible by 100 but not 400)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  // Mar 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC — the day after what would be Feb 29
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 3, 1);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 2);     // March
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
-
-  // Feb 28, 2100 23:59:59 UTC — last second of February (no Feb 29)
-  epoch = make_utc(2100, 2, 28, 23, 59, 59);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);  // February
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 28);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalLeapYear2400) {
-  // 2400 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2400, 2, 29, 6);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 500);  // 2400
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 6);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNewYearBoundaries) {
-  // Test year boundary — last second of 2099 and first second of 2100
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-  struct tm local;
-
-  // Dec 31, 2099 23:59:59 UTC
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2099, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 199);  // 2099
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 11);    // December
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 31);
-
-  // Jan 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC
-  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 1);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 0);     // January
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstAcrossCenturyBoundary) {
-  // DST transition in year 2100 (non-leap) with US Eastern rules
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz));
-
-  // July 4, 2100 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 7, 4, 16);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
-
-  // Jan 15, 2100 10:00 UTC = 05:00 EST
-  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 15, 10);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 5);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
-}
-
-TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalFarFutureYear5000) {
-  // Year 5000 — days/365 estimate overshoots by ~2 years due to leap days,
-  // requiring multiple correction steps in days_to_year.
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
-
-  time_t epoch = make_utc(5000, 6, 15, 12);
-  struct tm local;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 3100);  // 5000
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 5);      // June
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 15);
-  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Verification against libc
-// ============================================================================
-
-class LibcVerificationTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<const char *, time_t>> {
- protected:
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
-  void SetUp() override {
-    // Save current TZ
-    const char *current_tz = getenv("TZ");
-    saved_tz_ = current_tz ? current_tz : "";
-    had_tz_ = current_tz != nullptr;
-  }
-
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
-  void TearDown() override {
-    // Restore TZ
-    if (had_tz_) {
-      setenv("TZ", saved_tz_.c_str(), 1);
-    } else {
-      unsetenv("TZ");
-    }
-    tzset();
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string saved_tz_;
-  bool had_tz_{false};
-};
-
-TEST_P(LibcVerificationTest, MatchesLibc) {
-  auto [tz_str, epoch] = GetParam();
-
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
-
-  // Our implementation
-  struct tm our_tm {};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &our_tm));
-
-  // libc implementation
-  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
-  tzset();
-  struct tm *libc_tm = localtime(&epoch);
-  ASSERT_NE(libc_tm, nullptr);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_year, libc_tm->tm_year);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mon, libc_tm->tm_mon);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mday, libc_tm->tm_mday);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_hour, libc_tm->tm_hour);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_min, libc_tm->tm_min);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_sec, libc_tm->tm_sec);
-  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_isdst, libc_tm->tm_isdst);
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USEastern, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1735689600)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AngleBracket, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("<+07>-7", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("<+07>-7", 1720000000)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(India, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("IST-5:30", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("IST-5:30", 1720000000)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(NewZealand, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USCentral, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1735689600)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(EuropeBerlin, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1735689600)));
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AustraliaSydney, LibcVerificationTest,
-                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
-                                           std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000),
-                                           std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1735689600)));
-
 // ============================================================================
 // DST boundary edge cases
 // ============================================================================
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
-  // Test 1 second before DST starts
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   // March 8, 2026 06:59:59 UTC = 01:59:59 EST (1 second before spring forward)
   time_t before_epoch = make_utc(2026, 3, 8, 6, 59, 59);
@@ -972,10 +419,8 @@ TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(after_epoch, tz));
 }
 
-TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeFallBack) {
-  // Test 1 second before DST ends
-  ParsedTimezone tz;
-  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+TEST(PosixTz, DstBoundaryJustBeforeFallBack) {
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
 
   // November 1, 2026 05:59:59 UTC = 01:59:59 EDT (1 second before fall back)
   time_t before_epoch = make_utc(2026, 11, 1, 5, 59, 59);
@@ -1102,7 +547,6 @@ TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, PartialTimeFails) {
 
 TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, ExtraCharactersFails) {
   ESPTime t{};
-  // Full datetime with extra characters should fail
   EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03-15 14:30:45x", 20, t));
 }
 
@@ -1123,6 +567,12 @@ TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, LeadingZeroTime) {
 // recalc_timestamp_local() tests - verify behavior matches libc mktime()
 // ============================================================================
 
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
+
+namespace esphome::time::testing {
+
+using esphome::ESPTime;
+
 // Helper to call libc mktime with same fields
 static time_t libc_mktime(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int min, int sec) {
   struct tm tm {};
@@ -1154,8 +604,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NormalTimeMatchesLibc) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test a normal time in winter (no DST)
@@ -1177,8 +626,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, SpringForwardSkippedHour) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test time before the transition (1:30 AM CST exists)
@@ -1204,8 +652,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, FallBackRepeatedHour) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test time before the transition (midnight CDT)
@@ -1227,13 +674,12 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, FallBackRepeatedHour) {
 }
 
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, SouthernHemisphereDST) {
-  // Set timezone to Australia/Sydney (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0)
+  // Set timezone to Australia/Sydney (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3)
   // DST starts first Sunday of October, ends first Sunday of April
-  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0";
+  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_australia_sydney();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Test winter time (July - no DST in southern hemisphere)
@@ -1253,8 +699,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, ExactTransitionBoundary) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_central();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // 1:59:59 AM CST - last second before transition (still standard time)
@@ -1279,8 +724,19 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NonDefaultTransitionTime) {
   const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/3,M11.1.0/3";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 6 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 2;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 11;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 1;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // 2:30 AM should still be standard time (transition at 3:00 AM)
@@ -1298,11 +754,21 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsWithoutDayOfWeekOrYear) {
   // Regression test for issue #15115: DateTimeEntity::state_as_esptime() constructs
   // an ESPTime with only year/month/day/hour/minute/second set (no day_of_week or
   // day_of_year). recalc_timestamp_local() must work without those fields.
-  const char *tz_str = "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0";
-  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  setenv("TZ", "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0", 1);
   tzset();
   time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -1 * 3600;  // CET-1 = UTC+1
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -2 * 3600;  // CEST = UTC+2
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 10;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Construct ESPTime with only date/time fields (like state_as_esptime does)
@@ -1326,11 +792,11 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsWithoutDayOfWeekOrYear) {
 
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsNoDST) {
   // Same test but with a timezone that has no DST
-  const char *tz_str = "IST-5:30";
-  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  setenv("TZ", "IST-5:30", 1);
   tzset();
   time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);  // IST-5:30 = UTC+5:30
+  // No DST
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   ESPTime t{};
@@ -1351,11 +817,10 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsNoDST) {
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, YearBoundaryDST) {
   // Test southern hemisphere DST across year boundary
   // Australia/Sydney: DST active from October to April (spans Jan 1)
-  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0";
+  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3";
   setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
   tzset();
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_australia_sydney();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Dec 31, 2025 at 23:30 - DST should be active
@@ -1380,8 +845,7 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, YearBoundaryDST) {
 // ============================================================================
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, NoTimezone) {
-  // When no timezone is set, offset should be 0
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
@@ -1389,34 +853,28 @@ TEST(TimezoneOffset, NoTimezone) {
 }
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, FixedOffsetPositive) {
-  // India: UTC+5:30 (no DST)
-  const char *tz_str = "IST-5:30";
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  // India: IST-5:30 (no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
-  // Offset should be +5:30 = 19800 seconds (to add to UTC to get local)
   EXPECT_EQ(offset, 5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
 }
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, FixedOffsetNegative) {
-  // US Eastern Standard Time: UTC-5 (testing without DST rules)
-  const char *tz_str = "EST5";
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  // EST5 (no DST)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = 5 * 3600;
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
-  // Offset should be -5 hours = -18000 seconds
   EXPECT_EQ(offset, -5 * 3600);
 }
 
 TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
   // US Eastern with DST
-  const char *tz_str = "EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
-  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
-  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  auto tz = make_us_eastern();
   set_global_tz(tz);
 
   // Get current time and check offset matches expected based on DST status
@@ -1424,7 +882,7 @@ TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
   int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
 
   // Verify offset matches what is_in_dst says
-  if (time::is_in_dst(now, tz)) {
+  if (is_in_dst(now, tz)) {
     // During DST, offset should be -4 hours (EDT)
     EXPECT_EQ(offset, -4 * 3600);
   } else {
@@ -1433,4 +891,234 @@ TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::testing
+// ============================================================================
+// Leap year edge cases for closed-form year arithmetic
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalLeapYear2000) {
+  // 2000 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  // Feb 29, 2000 12:00:00 UTC
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2000, 2, 29, 12);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 100);  // 2000
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNonLeapYear2100) {
+  // 2100 is NOT a leap year (divisible by 100 but not 400)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  // Mar 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC — the day after what would be Feb 29
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 3, 1);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 2);     // March
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
+
+  // Feb 28, 2100 23:59:59 UTC — last second of February (no Feb 29)
+  epoch = make_utc(2100, 2, 28, 23, 59, 59);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);  // February
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 28);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalLeapYear2400) {
+  // 2400 is a leap year (divisible by 400)
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2400, 2, 29, 6);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 500);  // 2400
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 1);     // February
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 29);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 6);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalNewYearBoundaries) {
+  // Test year boundary — last second of 2099 and first second of 2100
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+  struct tm local;
+
+  // Dec 31, 2099 23:59:59 UTC
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2099, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 199);  // 2099
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 11);    // December
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 31);
+
+  // Jan 1, 2100 00:00:00 UTC
+  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 1);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 200);  // 2100
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 0);     // January
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalDstAcrossCenturyBoundary) {
+  // DST transition in year 2100 (non-leap) with US Eastern rules
+  ParsedTimezone tz = make_us_eastern();
+
+  // July 4, 2100 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2100, 7, 4, 16);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
+
+  // Jan 15, 2100 10:00 UTC = 05:00 EST
+  epoch = make_utc(2100, 1, 15, 10);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTz, EpochToLocalFarFutureYear5000) {
+  // Year 5000 — days/365 estimate overshoots by ~2 years due to leap days,
+  // requiring multiple correction steps in days_to_year.
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};  // UTC
+
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(5000, 6, 15, 12);
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 3100);  // 5000
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 5);      // June
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 15);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Verification against libc
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Helper to build the <+07>-7 timezone (UTC+7, no DST)
+static ParsedTimezone make_plus_seven() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -7 * 3600;
+  return tz;
+}
+
+// Helper to build the India timezone (IST-5:30, no DST)
+static ParsedTimezone make_india() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
+  return tz;
+}
+
+// Helper to build the Europe/Berlin timezone (CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3)
+static ParsedTimezone make_europe_berlin() {
+  ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  tz.std_offset_seconds = -1 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_offset_seconds = -2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_start.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_start.month = 3;
+  tz.dst_start.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_start.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_start.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  tz.dst_end.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  tz.dst_end.month = 10;
+  tz.dst_end.week = 5;
+  tz.dst_end.day_of_week = 0;
+  tz.dst_end.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  return tz;
+}
+
+// Compares our converter against libc for the same zone: the struct drives
+// epoch_to_local_tm() and the equivalent POSIX TZ string drives libc localtime().
+using LibcVerificationParam = std::tuple<ParsedTimezone (*)(), const char *, time_t>;
+
+class LibcVerificationTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<LibcVerificationParam> {
+ protected:
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Save current TZ
+    const char *current_tz = getenv("TZ");
+    saved_tz_ = current_tz ? current_tz : "";
+    had_tz_ = current_tz != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
+  void TearDown() override {
+    // Restore TZ
+    if (had_tz_) {
+      setenv("TZ", saved_tz_.c_str(), 1);
+    } else {
+      unsetenv("TZ");
+    }
+    tzset();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string saved_tz_;
+  bool had_tz_{false};
+};
+
+TEST_P(LibcVerificationTest, MatchesLibc) {
+  auto [make_tz, tz_str, epoch] = GetParam();
+
+  ParsedTimezone tz = make_tz();
+
+  // Our implementation
+  struct tm our_tm {};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &our_tm));
+
+  // libc implementation
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  struct tm *libc_tm = localtime(&epoch);
+  ASSERT_NE(libc_tm, nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_year, libc_tm->tm_year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mon, libc_tm->tm_mon);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mday, libc_tm->tm_mday);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_hour, libc_tm->tm_hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_min, libc_tm->tm_min);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_sec, libc_tm->tm_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_isdst, libc_tm->tm_isdst);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USEastern, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_us_eastern, "EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_eastern, "EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_eastern, "EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2",
+                                                           1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AngleBracket, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_plus_seven, "<+07>-7", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_plus_seven, "<+07>-7", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(India, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_india, "IST-5:30", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_india, "IST-5:30", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    NewZealand, LibcVerificationTest,
+    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_new_zealand, "NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_new_zealand, "NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USCentral, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_us_central, "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_central, "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple(&make_us_central, "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2",
+                                                           1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    EuropeBerlin, LibcVerificationTest,
+    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_europe_berlin, "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1704067200),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_europe_berlin, "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1720000000),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_europe_berlin, "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    AustraliaSydney, LibcVerificationTest,
+    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(&make_australia_sydney, "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_australia_sydney, "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000),
+                      std::make_tuple(&make_australia_sydney, "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1735689600)));
+
+}  // namespace esphome::time::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/time/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/time/test.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6bec9fd1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/time/test.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+network:
+
+api:
+
+time:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    # Angle-bracket name pins the explicit-timezone host codegen path
+    # (setenv/tzset plus pre-parsed struct emission) with characters that
+    # would break unescaped string interpolation.
+    timezone: "<+07>-7"
diff --git a/tests/components/tt21100/common.yaml b/tests/components/tt21100/common.yaml
index 1f9249f1ba..5cb6b99a8e 100644
--- a/tests/components/tt21100/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tt21100/common.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,8 @@
-display:
-  - platform: ssd1306_i2c
-    i2c_id: i2c_bus
-    id: tt21100_ssd1306_i2c_display
-    model: SSD1306_128X64
-    reset_pin: ${disp_reset_pin}
-    pages:
-      - id: tt21100_page1
-        lambda: |-
-          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());
-
 touchscreen:
   - platform: tt21100
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     id: tt21100_touchscreen
-    display: tt21100_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    display: test_display_screen
     interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
     reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
 
diff --git a/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 033aafb73c..a79695d611 100644
--- a/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  disp_reset_pin: GPIO12
   interrupt_pin: GPIO15
   reset_pin: GPIO4
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  tt21100: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 25d1ff82e3..ae6977c6ec 100644
--- a/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tt21100/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  disp_reset_pin: GPIO0
   interrupt_pin: GPIO15
   reset_pin: GPIO16
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  tt21100: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/tt21100/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/tt21100/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 0d13628294..98b2ad600c 100644
--- a/tests/components/tt21100/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tt21100/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 substitutions:
-  disp_reset_pin: GPIO10
   interrupt_pin: GPIO2
   reset_pin: GPIO3
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+  tt21100: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/common.h b/tests/components/uart/common.h
index de3ea3029e..5c4ba1130e 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/uart/common.h
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  MOCK_METHOD(void, load_settings, (bool dump_config), (override));
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ufm01/common.h b/tests/components/ufm01/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1582358700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ufm01/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <deque>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ufm01/ufm01.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ufm01::testing {
+
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_1 = 0x3C;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_START_BYTE_2 = 0x32;
+static constexpr uint8_t PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2 = 0x64;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_STOP_BYTE = 0x16;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_FLAG_INSTANT_FLOW = 0x0B;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_FLAG_RESERVED_SECTION = 0x0C;
+static constexpr uint8_t FRAME_FLAG_TEMP = 0x0D;
+static constexpr uint8_t COMMAND_ACK = 0xE5;
+
+// UART mock with a byte queue for read-side simulation.
+class QueuedMockUART : public uart::UARTComponent {
+ public:
+  std::deque<uint8_t> rx_queue;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> written_data;
+
+  void enqueue(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+    this->rx_queue.insert(this->rx_queue.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
+  }
+
+  void enqueue(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
+    for (uint8_t byte : data)
+      this->rx_queue.push_back(byte);
+  }
+
+  void clear_rx() { this->rx_queue.clear(); }
+
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    if (this->rx_queue.size() < len)
+      return false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      data[i] = this->rx_queue.front();
+      this->rx_queue.pop_front();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override {
+    if (this->rx_queue.empty())
+      return false;
+    *data = this->rx_queue.front();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  size_t available() override { return this->rx_queue.size(); }
+
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override { return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS; }
+
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override { this->written_data.assign(data, data + len); }
+
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {}
+#endif
+};
+
+class TestableUFM01 : public UFM01Component {
+ public:
+  void set_mock_uart(QueuedMockUART *uart) { this->set_uart_parent(uart); }
+
+  bool process_active_stream() { return this->process_active_stream_(); }
+
+  PassiveReadResult continue_passive_read() { return this->continue_passive_read_(); }
+
+  bool consume_ack() { return this->consume_ack_(); }
+
+  void start_passive_read() { this->start_passive_read_(); }
+
+  void loop_startup() { this->loop_startup_(); }
+
+  OperatingMode operating_mode() const { return this->operating_mode_; }
+
+  StartupPhase startup_phase() const { return this->startup_phase_; }
+
+  int32_t read_index() const { return this->read_index_; }
+
+  size_t passive_index() const { return this->passive_index_; }
+
+  uint32_t last_valid_frame_ms() const { return this->last_valid_frame_ms_; }
+
+  void prepare_passive_read() {
+    this->passive_index_ = 0;
+    this->passive_start_ms_ = millis();
+  }
+
+  void init_wait_phase() {
+    this->operating_mode_ = OperatingMode::STARTUP;
+    this->startup_phase_ = StartupPhase::WAIT;
+    this->startup_wait_ms_ = 60000;
+    this->phase_start_ms_ = millis();
+  }
+
+  void reset_state() {
+    this->read_index_ = 0;
+    this->last_valid_frame_ms_ = 0;
+    this->passive_index_ = 0;
+    this->passive_read_pending_ = false;
+  }
+};
+
+inline std::array<uint8_t, FRAME_SIZE> make_active_frame() {
+  std::array<uint8_t, FRAME_SIZE> frame{};
+  frame[0] = FRAME_START_BYTE_1;
+  frame[1] = FRAME_START_BYTE_2;
+  frame[15] = FRAME_FLAG_INSTANT_FLOW;
+  frame[21] = FRAME_FLAG_RESERVED_SECTION;
+  frame[24] = FRAME_FLAG_TEMP;
+  frame[31] = FRAME_STOP_BYTE;
+  uint8_t sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 30; ++i)
+    sum += frame[i];
+  frame[30] = sum;
+  return frame;
+}
+
+inline std::array<uint8_t, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE> make_passive_frame() {
+  std::array<uint8_t, PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE> frame{};
+  frame[0] = FRAME_START_BYTE_1;
+  frame[1] = PASSIVE_START_BYTE_2;
+  frame[9] = FRAME_FLAG_INSTANT_FLOW;
+  frame[15] = FRAME_FLAG_TEMP;
+  frame[22] = FRAME_STOP_BYTE;
+  uint8_t sum = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 21; ++i)
+    sum += frame[i];
+  frame[21] = sum;
+  return frame;
+}
+
+class UFM01Test : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    this->mock_uart_.clear_rx();
+    this->mock_uart_.written_data.clear();
+    this->ufm01_.set_mock_uart(&this->mock_uart_);
+    this->ufm01_.reset_state();
+  }
+
+  QueuedMockUART mock_uart_;
+  TestableUFM01 ufm01_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ufm01::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_frame_test.cpp b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_frame_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b1b148d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_frame_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ufm01::testing {
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ValidActiveFrameAccepted) {
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->ufm01_.process_active_stream());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.read_index(), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, GarbagePrefixThenValidActiveFrame) {
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({0x00, 0xFF, 0xAA});
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->ufm01_.process_active_stream());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.read_index(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, InvalidActiveFrameChecksumRejected) {
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  frame[30] ^= 0xFF;
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->ufm01_.process_active_stream());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.read_index(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ValidPassiveFrameReadSuccess) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.passive_index(), PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+  EXPECT_NE(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, InvalidPassiveChecksumFails) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  frame[21] ^= 0xFF;
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.last_valid_frame_ms(), 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, PassiveReadResyncsAfterGarbagePrefix) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({0x00, 0x01, 0x02});
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, PassiveReadResyncsOnSecondStartByte) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({FRAME_START_BYTE_1, 0x99});
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, PassiveReadPendingWhenPartial) {
+  auto frame = make_passive_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.begin() + 10));
+  this->ufm01_.prepare_passive_read();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_PENDING);
+  EXPECT_LT(this->ufm01_.passive_index(), PASSIVE_FRAME_SIZE);
+
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin() + 10, frame.end()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.continue_passive_read(), PassiveReadResult::PASSIVE_READ_RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ufm01::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_startup_test.cpp b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_startup_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b7feb0f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ufm01/ufm01_startup_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ufm01::testing {
+
+TEST(UFM01SetupPriority, IsLate) {
+  TestableUFM01 ufm01;
+  EXPECT_EQ(ufm01.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::LATE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ConsumeAckFindsByteAmongGarbage) {
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue({0x00, 0x01, COMMAND_ACK, 0x02});
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->ufm01_.consume_ack());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.available(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, ConsumeAckReturnsFalseWhenEmpty) { EXPECT_FALSE(this->ufm01_.consume_ack()); }
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, StartupWaitDetectsActiveStream) {
+  auto frame = make_active_frame();
+  this->mock_uart_.enqueue(std::vector<uint8_t>(frame.begin(), frame.end()));
+  this->ufm01_.init_wait_phase();
+
+  this->ufm01_.loop_startup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.operating_mode(), OperatingMode::ACTIVE_STREAM);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ufm01_.startup_phase(), StartupPhase::WAIT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UFM01Test, StartPassiveReadSendsCommand) {
+  this->ufm01_.start_passive_read();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data.size(), 7u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[0], 0xFE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[1], 0xFE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[2], 0x11);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[3], 0x5B);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->mock_uart_.written_data[6], FRAME_STOP_BYTE);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ufm01::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ultrasonic/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/ultrasonic/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ultrasonic/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/common.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/common.yaml
index 5a05a58c2d..d7b880efe6 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/common.yaml
@@ -4,6 +4,17 @@ wifi:
 
 binary_sensor:
 cover:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Template Cover Assumed"
+    # assumed_state must be reflected in the web_server JSON (detail=all)
+    assumed_state: true
+    lambda: 'return COVER_OPEN;'
+    open_action:
+      - logger.log: open_action
+    close_action:
+      - logger.log: close_action
+    stop_action:
+      - logger.log: stop_action
 fan:
 light:
 sensor:
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/common_v2.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/common_v2.yaml
index f2b15e484d..b9bc0bbf61 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/common_v2.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/common_v2.yaml
@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ web_server:
   port: 8080
   version: 2
   compression: br
+  enable_private_network_access: true
+  allowed_origins:
+    - https://app.esphome.io
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/common_v3.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/common_v3.yaml
index bdacaaddbe..354d7bb6ac 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/common_v3.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/common_v3.yaml
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ packages:
 web_server:
   port: 8080
   version: 3
+  # allowed_origins can be set independently of Private Network Access
+  allowed_origins:
+    - https://app.esphome.io
   sorting_groups:
     - id: sorting_group_1
       name: "Group 1 Diplayed Last"
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test-basicauth.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test-basicauth.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a01180892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test-basicauth.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-ard.yaml
index 7e6658e20e..2e091b905a 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-<<: !include common_v2.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: digest
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 24b292d0d6..2e091b905a 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-<<: !include common_v2.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
 
 web_server:
   auth:
     username: admin
     password: password
+    type: digest
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 7e6658e20e..2e091b905a 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-<<: !include common_v2.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: digest
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 7e6658e20e..6a01180892 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-<<: !include common_v2.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-ard.yaml
index 389a930284..1d563de834 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common_v1.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v1.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-idf.yaml
index 389a930284..1d563de834 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test_v1.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common_v1.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v1.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/test_v3.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/test_v3.esp32-ard.yaml
index 00d05521e4..956a88bc68 100644
--- a/tests/components/web_server/test_v3.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/test_v3.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-<<: !include common_v3.yaml
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v3.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/web_server/validate.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/web_server/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4d50d7776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/web_server/validate.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+packages:
+  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml
+
+web_server:
+  auth:
+    username: admin
+    password: password
+    type: basic
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/scan_list_test.cpp b/tests/components/wifi/scan_list_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47427f063f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/scan_list_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
+
+namespace esphome::wifi::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Stand-in for WiFiScanResult, which does not compile on the host.
+struct Entry {
+  std::string ssid;
+  int8_t rssi;
+  bool with_auth{true};
+  bool is_hidden{false};
+
+  // Compares length and bytes like CompactString does, so an embedded NUL counts.
+  bool ssid_equals(const Entry &other) const { return this->ssid == other.ssid; }
+  int8_t get_rssi() const { return this->rssi; }
+  bool get_with_auth() const { return this->with_auth; }
+  bool get_is_hidden() const { return this->is_hidden; }
+};
+
+// One network as a consumer would emit it.
+struct Row {
+  std::string ssid;
+  int8_t rssi;
+  bool lock;
+
+  bool operator==(const Row &rhs) const { return ssid == rhs.ssid && rssi == rhs.rssi && lock == rhs.lock; }
+};
+
+// Walk the results the way the consumers do and collect the rows that survive.
+std::vector<Row> rows(const std::vector<Entry> &results) {
+  std::vector<Row> out;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
+    bool with_auth = false;
+    if (!should_show_scan_entry(results, results[i], with_auth))
+      continue;
+    out.push_back({results[i].ssid, results[i].rssi, with_auth});
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ScanList, SingleEntryShown) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -60}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -60, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, DistinctSsidsAllShownInOrder) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -60}, {"Guest", -70}, {"Cafe", -40}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -60, true}, {"Guest", -70, true}, {"Cafe", -40, true}}));
+}
+
+// Results are ordered by connection preference, not RSSI, so the strongest entry
+// can sit anywhere in the list.
+TEST(ScanList, SameSsidKeepsStrongest) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -70}, {"Home", -50}, {"Home", -60}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, EqualRssiKeepsFirst) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -60}, {"Home", -60}, {"Home", -60}};
+  bool with_auth = false;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[0], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[1], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[2], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -60, true}}));
+}
+
+// with_auth is an out-parameter that must only be written for a shown entry.
+TEST(ScanList, WithAuthUntouchedWhenNotShown) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -50, false}, {"Home", -70, true}};
+  bool with_auth = false;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(should_show_scan_entry(results, results[1], with_auth));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(with_auth);
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, DuplicatesInterleavedWithOtherNetworks) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -70}, {"Guest", -55}, {"Home", -50}, {"Guest", -65}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Guest", -55, true}, {"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+// Hidden networks scan with an empty SSID. They are never listed and do not
+// collapse into each other or into anything else.
+TEST(ScanList, HiddenEntriesNeverShown) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"", -40, true, true}, {"Home", -70}, {"", -30, true, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -70, true}}));
+}
+
+// On ESP8266 the hidden flag comes from the driver alongside a real SSID, so a
+// hidden access point can share its name with a visible one. It must not
+// outrank that visible entry and leave the network unlisted.
+TEST(ScanList, HiddenEntryDoesNotSuppressVisibleSameSsid) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Home", -40, true, true}, {"Home", -70}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -70, true}}));
+}
+
+// An open access point and a secured one sharing an SSID collapse to one row that
+// still asks for a password, whichever of them is strongest.
+TEST(ScanList, LockSetWhenAnyEntryRequiresAuth) {
+  std::vector<Entry> open_stronger = {{"Home", -50, false}, {"Home", -70, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(open_stronger), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -50, true}}));
+
+  std::vector<Entry> secured_stronger = {{"Home", -70, false}, {"Home", -50, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(secured_stronger), (std::vector<Row>{{"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, LockClearWhenEveryEntryIsOpen) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Cafe", -60, false}, {"Cafe", -50, false}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Cafe", -50, false}}));
+}
+
+// The auth flag of an unrelated network must not leak into another SSID's row.
+TEST(ScanList, LockIsPerSsid) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results = {{"Cafe", -60, false}, {"Home", -50, true}};
+  EXPECT_EQ(rows(results), (std::vector<Row>{{"Cafe", -60, false}, {"Home", -50, true}}));
+}
+
+TEST(ScanList, EmptyListShowsNothing) {
+  std::vector<Entry> results;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rows(results).empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wifi::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-storage.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-storage.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93d223b908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-storage.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Exercises the dict form of fast_connect with RTC-backed preference storage.
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+  fast_connect:
+    enabled: true
+    storage: rtc
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-storage.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-storage.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..070e22fd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-storage.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Exercises the dict form of fast_connect overriding the ESP8266 default (rtc)
+# back to flash storage.
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+  fast_connect:
+    storage: flash
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-substitution.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-substitution.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9fab8261a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/validate-fast-connect-substitution.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# fast_connect passed through a substitution arrives as a string ("false"),
+# which must be accepted like the historic plain boolean form.
+substitutions:
+  fast_connect_value: "false"
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+  fast_connect: ${fast_connect_value}
diff --git a/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml
index 156b31181e..ecab767812 100644
--- a/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/wled/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ light:
     id: led_matrix_32x8
     default_transition_length: 500ms
     chipset: ws2812
-    rgb_order: GRB
+    channel_colors: GRB
     num_leds: 256
     pin: 2
     effects:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d46c306d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+xiaomi_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml
index 9d10393177..f218426c23 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 xiaomi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..014985c5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_ble: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20b42c4263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_ble/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+xiaomi_ble:
+  ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ee92e3e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml
index 94ed09e8f2..032a6d5c19 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
     bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..844f9c97bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgd1: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5980fba7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgd1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgd1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7E
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi CGD1 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8ff21bd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml
index dddca56222..d5040aa0be 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
     bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
     temperature:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Temperature
     humidity:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Humidity
     battery_level:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f0fb03fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgdk2: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0eb2617cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgdk2/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGDK2 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgdk2
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7E
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi CGDK2 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f26d31ed50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml
index 170aebfbde..e4a3ef4ba7 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
     bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
     temperature:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Temperature
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Temperature
     humidity:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Humidity
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Humidity
     battery_level:
-      name: Xiaomi CGD1 Battery Level
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76ebbc01ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgg1: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11420925a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgg1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7D
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi CGG1 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgg1
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:D1:61:7E
+    bindkey: c99d2313182473b38001086febf781bd
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi CGG1 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..675d7ac18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    name: CGPR1 Motion
+    mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:56"
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    battery_level:
+      name: CGPR1 Battery Level
+    idle_time:
+      name: CGPR1 Idle Time
+    illuminance:
+      name: CGPR1 Illuminance
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml
index 48082a886c..d713e5e996 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: CGPR1 Motion
     mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:56"
     bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
     battery_level:
-      name: CGPR1 battery Level
+      name: CGPR1 Battery Level
     idle_time:
       name: CGPR1 Idle Time
     illuminance:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7199fd6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_cgpr1: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..749adfebe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_cgpr1/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: CGPR1 Motion
+    mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:56"
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    battery_level:
+      name: CGPR1 Battery Level
+    idle_time:
+      name: CGPR1 Idle Time
+    illuminance:
+      name: CGPR1 Illuminance
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_cgpr1
+    name: BK CGPR1 Implicit Motion
+    mac_address: "12:34:56:12:34:57"
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..606f78e7cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: GCLS02 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: GCLS02 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: GCLS02 Soil Conductivity
+    illuminance:
+      name: GCLS02 Illuminance
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml
index 32990708cc..86ec068a19 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
     temperature:
       name: GCLS02 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bec7b000c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_gcls002: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f84d325685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_gcls002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: GCLS02 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: GCLS02 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: GCLS02 Soil Conductivity
+    illuminance:
+      name: GCLS02 Illuminance
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_gcls002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    temperature:
+      name: BK GCLS02 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fcbe985eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Soil Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml
index 0def909488..756f1280f6 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
     temperature:
       name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3cb949bb83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccjcy01: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da52b527e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy01/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Soil Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy01
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi HHCCJCY01 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c71b5cc1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79efdde42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc67f843ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ble: !include ../../test_build_components/common/ble/esp32-idf.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccjcy10: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8fe9e74dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccjcy10: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e39bcfb8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Temperature
+    moisture:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Moisture
+    illuminance:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Illuminance
+    conductivity:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Conductivity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccjcy10
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi HHCCJCY10 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f39b6a2b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    moisture:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Soil Conductivity
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml
index 2e5fa14620..cee426f100 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
     moisture:
       name: HHCCPOT002 Moisture
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f69281400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_hhccpot002: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4003ecf4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_hhccpot002/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:61
+    moisture:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Moisture
+    conductivity:
+      name: HHCCPOT002 Soil Conductivity
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_hhccpot002
+    mac_address: 94:2B:FF:5C:91:62
+    moisture:
+      name: BK HHCCPOT002 Implicit Moisture
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c20269eab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Humidity
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Formaldehyde
+    battery_level:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml
index 54c4b33dcd..1aace227cf 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
     temperature:
       name: JQJCY01YM Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3196e5188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_jqjcy01ym: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c63ddcae3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_jqjcy01ym/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Humidity
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Formaldehyde
+    battery_level:
+      name: JQJCY01YM Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_jqjcy01ym
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BB
+    temperature:
+      name: BK JQJCY01YM Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea3ec6647f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4E
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml
index 3e40ab8d70..76638cec5e 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4E
     temperature:
       name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc3e0bca1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsd02: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59d9045e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4E
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02
+    mac_address: 3F:5B:7D:82:58:4F
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSD02 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e81de78ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:18
+    bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml
index e63f585830..870a4f4916 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:18
     bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcbe4c20d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsd02mmc: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5266b65af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:18
+    bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd02mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:54:5E:19
+    bindkey: 2529d8e0d23150a588675cc54ad48400
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSD02MMC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe9b0b7b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml
index d10a859c56..907fdb9078 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
     bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c85742c495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsd03mmc: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e13b4dac47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsd03mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:78
+    bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsd03mmc
+    mac_address: A4:C1:38:4E:16:79
+    bindkey: e9efaa6873f9f9c87a5e75a5f814801c
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a458a5b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml
index d8422b4c0c..147b77c2d1 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
     temperature:
       name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48aa38be38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_lywsdcgq: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..030f74afa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_lywsdcgq/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_lywsdcgq
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BB
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi LYWSDCGQ Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca89047a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C303 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C303 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C303 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml
index e4353d3c6a..74c96fc26d 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
     temperature:
       name: MHO-C303 Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e927dafe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mhoc303: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c7f29c98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc303/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C303 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C303 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C303 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc303
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1D
+    temperature:
+      name: BK MHO-C303 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43641f66d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C401 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C401 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C401 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml
index ae378f5604..646961b3b6 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/common.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
     bindkey: "eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9"
     temperature:
-      name: MHO-C303 Temperature
+      name: MHO-C401 Temperature
     humidity:
-      name: MHO-C303 Humidity
+      name: MHO-C401 Humidity
     battery_level:
-      name: MHO-C303 Battery Level
+      name: MHO-C401 Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a20f24671d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mhoc401: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7a2bd3e4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1C
+    bindkey: "eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9"
+    temperature:
+      name: MHO-C401 Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: MHO-C401 Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: MHO-C401 Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mhoc401
+    mac_address: E7:50:59:32:A0:1D
+    bindkey: eef418daf699a0c188f3bfd17e4565d9
+    temperature:
+      name: BK MHO-C401 Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38c3287402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A2'
+    weight:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Weight"
+    impedance:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Impedance"
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml
index 89f32ad199..673db86311 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A2'
     weight:
       name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Weight"
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88c5054ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_miscale: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46fc7d0a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_miscale/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A2'
+    weight:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Weight"
+    impedance:
+      name: "Xiaomi Mi Scale Impedance"
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_miscale
+    mac_address: '5C:CA:D3:70:D4:A3'
+    weight:
+      name: "BK Xiaomi Mi Scale Implicit Weight"
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04117e1565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    name: MJYD02YL-A Motion
+    mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:02
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    idle_time:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Idle Time
+    light:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Light Status
+    battery_level:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml
index dffcef84c4..1a2c67c971 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: MJYD02YL-A Motion
     mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:02
     bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e7ec5e9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mjyd02yla: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47069a939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mjyd02yla/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: MJYD02YL-A Motion
+    mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:02
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
+    idle_time:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Idle Time
+    light:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Light Status
+    battery_level:
+      name: MJYD02YL-A Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mjyd02yla
+    name: BK MJYD02YL-A Implicit Motion
+    mac_address: 50:EC:50:CD:32:03
+    bindkey: 48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d28a7e7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    name: MUE4094RT Motion
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    timeout: 5s
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml
index 4f0e5ccbae..bd5d9348ea 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: MUE4094RT Motion
     mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
     timeout: 5s
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd2ccc4e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_mue4094rt: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10a537089b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_mue4094rt/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: MUE4094RT Motion
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BA
+    timeout: 5s
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_mue4094rt
+    name: BK MUE4094RT Implicit Motion
+    mac_address: 7A:80:8E:19:36:BB
+    timeout: 5s
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a04476457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+xiaomi_rtcgq02lm:
+  - id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
+    bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    motion:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2
+    light:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Light
+    button:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Button
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    battery_level:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Battery level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml
index a2e0c66ba5..4d235f6813 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
 xiaomi_rtcgq02lm:
   - id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
     bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
 
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ef79a6626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_rtcgq02lm: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c67182050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+# Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+xiaomi_rtcgq02lm:
+  - id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:06
+    bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
+
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - id: motion_rtcgq02lm_implicit
+    mac_address: 01:02:03:04:05:07
+    bindkey: "48403ebe2d385db8d0c187f81e62cb64"
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    motion:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2
+    light:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Light
+    button:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Button
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_rtcgq02lm
+    id: motion_rtcgq02lm
+    battery_level:
+      name: Mi Motion Sensor 2 Battery level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83766c084b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    name: WX08ZM Activation State
+    mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:34
+    tablet:
+      name: WX08ZM Tablet Resource
+    battery_level:
+      name: WX08ZM Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml
index 3e83ad3e95..6e43a92d2e 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     name: WX08ZM Activation State
     mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:34
     tablet:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81f05c0c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_wx08zm: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb9a4e3652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_wx08zm/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    name: WX08ZM Activation State
+    mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:34
+    tablet:
+      name: WX08ZM Tablet Resource
+    battery_level:
+      name: WX08ZM Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_wx08zm
+    name: BK WX08ZM Implicit Activation State
+    mac_address: 74:a3:4a:b5:07:35
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common-ln.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common-ln.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a0778c2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common-ln.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:8F
+    bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Battery Level
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml
index fe7a11efc5..1de13b2bc5 100644
--- a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 esp32_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
 
 sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
   - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
     mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:8F
     bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
     temperature:
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..749473a022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  ln882h_ble_tracker: !include ../ln882h_ble_tracker/common.yaml
+  xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc: !include common-ln.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4139263b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc/validate.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Config-only: the CI base board (generic-bk7252, BLE 4.2) cannot compile the
+# BLE 5.x tracker, so this fixture proves validation (schema + neutral binding)
+# on a non-esp32 platform; codegen and compilation are not exercised here.
+bk72xx_ble_tracker:
+  id: ble_tracker_hub
+
+sensor:
+  # Explicit ble_hub_id: pins the neutral binding as a declared key.
+  - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    ble_hub_id: ble_tracker_hub
+    mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:8F
+    bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
+    temperature:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Humidity
+    battery_level:
+      name: Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Battery Level
+  # No ble_hub_id: exercises the generated binding real configs use.
+  - platform: xiaomi_xmwsdj04mmc
+    mac_address: 84:B4:DB:5D:A3:90
+    bindkey: d8ca2ed09bb5541dc8f045ca360b00ea
+    temperature:
+      name: BK Xiaomi XMWSDJ04MMC Implicit Temperature
diff --git a/tests/components/zephyr_pwm/common.yaml b/tests/components/zephyr_pwm/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..248499951e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/zephyr_pwm/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+output:
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: pwm_output_1
+    pin: P0.02
+  - platform: zephyr_pwm
+    id: pwm_output_2
+    pin:
+      number: 10
+      inverted: true
diff --git a/tests/components/zephyr_pwm/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/zephyr_pwm/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/zephyr_pwm/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml
index c689d07f6b..4518e39060 100644
--- a/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/common.yaml
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ sensor:
   - platform: template
     name: "Analog 1"
     lambda: return 10.0;
+    accuracy_decimals: 0
   - platform: template
     name: "Analog 2"
     lambda: return 11.0;
@@ -40,3 +41,6 @@ number:
     min_value: 2
     max_value: 100
     step: 1
+
+time:
+  - platform: zigbee
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/common_esp32.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/common_esp32.yaml
index 82a523fc7c..ac25fb8faf 100644
--- a/tests/components/zigbee/common_esp32.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/common_esp32.yaml
@@ -4,15 +4,29 @@ packages:
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: template
     name: "Garage Door Open 10"
-    report: "enable"
+    report: "default"
+    use_device_type: false
   - platform: template
     name: "Garage Door Open 12"
     report: "force"
+    endpoint: 1
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Temperature Sensor"
+    lambda: return 10.0;
+    device_class: temperature
+    unit_of_measurement: "°C"
+    endpoint: 1
+    use_device_type: true
 
 zigbee:
   model: zigbee_test
-  router: true
+  router: false
   power_source: MAINS_SINGLE_PHASE
   on_join:
     then:
       - logger.log: "Joined network"
+  on_start:
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "Started zigbee stack"
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml
index bc39b371f5..2da6570618 100644
--- a/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/common_nrf52.yaml
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ zigbee:
   on_join:
     then:
       - logger.log: "Joined network"
-
-time:
-  - platform: zigbee
+  on_start:
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "Started zigbee stack"
diff --git a/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..557cc08f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/zigbee/test-router.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+zigbee:
+  model: zigbee_test
+  router: true
+  power_source: MAINS_SINGLE_PHASE
+  on_join:
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "Joined network"
+
+time:
+  - platform: zigbee
diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index 6fa0c08aa3..228d54ef01 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ void setup() {
 
   auto *ota = new esphome::ESPHomeOTAComponent();  // NOLINT
   ota->set_port(8266);
+  App.register_component_(ota);
 
   App.setup();
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/README.md b/tests/integration/README.md
index 4de08777b0..790d9a3a11 100644
--- a/tests/integration/README.md
+++ b/tests/integration/README.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ This directory contains end-to-end integration tests for ESPHome, focusing on te
 - `conftest.py` - Common fixtures and utilities
 - `const.py` - Constants used throughout the integration tests
 - `types.py` - Type definitions for fixtures and functions
+- `raw_api_client.py` - Minimal plaintext api client whose reads happen only on request (for backpressure tests)
 - `state_utils.py` - State handling utilities (e.g., `InitialStateHelper`, `find_entity`, `require_entity`)
 - `fixtures/` - YAML configuration files for tests
 - `test_*.py` - Individual test files
@@ -187,6 +188,7 @@ loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
 states: dict[int, EntityState] = {}
 state_future: asyncio.Future[EntityState] = loop.create_future()
 
+
 def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
     """This callback only receives NEW state changes, not initial states."""
     states[state.key] = state
@@ -195,6 +197,7 @@ def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
         if not state_future.done():
             state_future.set_result(state)
 
+
 # Get entities and set up state synchronization
 entities, services = await client.list_entities_services()
 initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
@@ -228,6 +231,7 @@ loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
 states: dict[int, EntityState] = {}
 state_future: asyncio.Future[EntityState] = loop.create_future()
 
+
 def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
     states[state.key] = state
     # Check for specific condition using isinstance
@@ -235,6 +239,7 @@ def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
         if not state_future.done():
             state_future.set_result(state)
 
+
 client.subscribe_states(on_state)
 
 # Wait for state with timeout
@@ -263,11 +268,13 @@ entity_count = 50
 received_states: set[int] = set()
 all_states_future: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
 
+
 def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
     received_states.add(state.key)
     if len(received_states) >= entity_count and not all_states_future.done():
         all_states_future.set_result(True)
 
+
 client.subscribe_states(on_state)
 await asyncio.wait_for(all_states_future, timeout=10.0)
 ```
@@ -341,6 +348,7 @@ Create C++ components in `fixtures/external_components/` for:
 - Custom entity behaviors
 - Scheduler testing
 - Memory management tests
+- Deterministic network backpressure (`sndbuf_pin_component` pins socket send buffers; assert on its log line to prove the pin took effect)
 
 ##### Log Line Monitoring
 ```python
@@ -367,6 +375,7 @@ service_future = loop.create_future()
 connected_pattern = re.compile(r"Client .* connected from")
 service_pattern = re.compile(r"Service called")
 
+
 def check_output(line: str) -> None:
     """Check log output for expected messages."""
     if not connected_future.done() and connected_pattern.search(line):
@@ -374,6 +383,7 @@ def check_output(line: str) -> None:
     elif not service_future.done() and service_pattern.search(line):
         service_future.set_result(True)
 
+
 async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output):
     async with api_client_connected() as client:
         # Wait for specific log message
diff --git a/tests/integration/conftest.py b/tests/integration/conftest.py
index a9c9e0686f..483d5392af 100644
--- a/tests/integration/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/integration/conftest.py
@@ -60,9 +60,18 @@ def _get_platformio_env(cache_dir: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["PLATFORMIO_CORE_DIR"] = str(cache_dir)
     env["PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR"] = str(cache_dir / ".cache")
-    env["PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR"] = str(cache_dir / "libdeps")
+    # libdeps is keyed only by env name (the device name), and fixtures share
+    # names; two xdist workers first-compiling the same name race pio pkg
+    # install in the same directory. Keep libdeps per worker.
+    worker = os.environ.get("PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER", "master")
+    env["PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR"] = str(cache_dir / "libdeps" / worker)
     # Prevent cache cleaning during integration tests
     env["ESPHOME_SKIP_CLEAN_BUILD"] = "1"
+    # Compile with THIS tree's esphome sources, not wherever the venv's editable
+    # install points (which may be a different git worktree or checkout).
+    repo_root = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent)
+    existing = env.get("PYTHONPATH")
+    env["PYTHONPATH"] = f"{repo_root}{os.pathsep}{existing}" if existing else repo_root
     return env
 
 
@@ -101,7 +110,7 @@ def shared_platformio_cache() -> Generator[Path]:
                 env = _get_platformio_env(cache_dir)
 
                 subprocess.run(
-                    ["esphome", "compile", str(config_path)],
+                    [sys.executable, "-m", "esphome", "compile", str(config_path)],
                     check=True,
                     cwd=init_dir,
                     env=env,
@@ -245,6 +254,8 @@ async def compile_esphome(
         for attempt in range(max_retries):
             # Compile using subprocess, inheriting stdout/stderr to show progress
             proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                sys.executable,
+                "-m",
                 "esphome",
                 "compile",
                 str(config_path),
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_get_time_response_timezone.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_get_time_response_timezone.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bece0c5684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_get_time_response_timezone.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: get-time-tz-test
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+time:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: ha_time
+
+sensor:
+  # Exposes the standard offset of the effective timezone so the test can
+  # observe which GetTimeResponse messages changed it
+  - platform: template
+    name: "TZ Offset"
+    id: tz_offset
+    accuracy_decimals: 0
+    update_interval: 100ms
+    lambda: |-
+      return time::get_global_tz().std_offset_seconds;
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26791e2cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-ha-action-no-subscriber
+  friendly_name: Home Assistant Action No Subscriber Test
+  on_boot:
+    # Fires before any client is connected - dropped with a warning.
+    - homeassistant.action:
+        action: test.boot_action
+
+host:
+
+api:
+  on_client_connected:
+    # Fires at authentication time, before the client has subscribed to
+    # Home Assistant actions - dropped with a warning.
+    - homeassistant.action:
+        action: test.connected_action
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Send Action Button
+    id: send_action_button
+    on_press:
+      # Pressed only after the client has subscribed - must be delivered.
+      - homeassistant.action:
+          action: test.button_action
+          data:
+            value: subscribed
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_list_entities_backpressure.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_list_entities_backpressure.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e53af7b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_list_entities_backpressure.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-backpressure-test
+
+host:
+
+api:
+  # Smallest queue so a non-draining client blocks the send path quickly
+  max_send_queue: 1
+  actions:
+# GENERATED_ACTIONS
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [sndbuf_pin_component]
+
+# Pins the device's socket send buffers for deterministic TCP backpressure
+sndbuf_pin_component:
+  buffer_size: SERVER_SNDBUF
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_zero_psk_provisioning.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_zero_psk_provisioning.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bb2a43e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_zero_psk_provisioning.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esphome:
+  name: zero-psk-provision-test
+host:
+api:
+  encryption:
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_zero_psk_provisioning_plaintext.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_zero_psk_provisioning_plaintext.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a798c038d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_zero_psk_provisioning_plaintext.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esphome:
+  name: zero-psk-plaintext-test
+host:
+api:
+  encryption:
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f30a07d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+esphome:
+  name: blocking-warning-cascade
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - script.execute: blocking_60
+      - script.execute: blocking_90
+      - script.execute: blocking_120
+
+host:
+
+api:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+  on_message:
+    level: WARN
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          uint32_t injected_delay = 0;
+          if (strstr(message, "blocking_60 took a long time") != nullptr) {
+            injected_delay = 60;
+          } else if (strstr(message, "blocking_90 took a long time") != nullptr) {
+            injected_delay = 90;
+          } else if (strstr(message, "blocking_120 took a long time") != nullptr) {
+            injected_delay = 120;
+          }
+          if (injected_delay != 0) {
+            id(injected_delay_total) += injected_delay;
+            const uint32_t start = millis();
+            while (millis() - start < injected_delay) {
+            }
+          }
+
+globals:
+  - id: injected_delay_total
+    type: uint32_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+script:
+  - id: blocking_60
+    then:
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          const uint32_t start = millis();
+          while (millis() - start < 80) {
+          }
+
+  - id: blocking_90
+    then:
+      - delay: 300ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          const uint32_t start = millis();
+          while (millis() - start < 80) {
+          }
+
+  - id: blocking_120
+    then:
+      - delay: 600ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          const uint32_t start = millis();
+          while (millis() - start < 80) {
+          }
+      - delay: 200ms
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "BLOCKING_WARNING_CASCADE_TEST_COMPLETE total=%u"
+          args: [id(injected_delay_total)]
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/camera_mock.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/camera_mock.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa354d341f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/camera_mock.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  name: camera-mock-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+mock_camera:
+  name: Mock Camera
+  # Larger than MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE (1390) so the image is split across
+  # multiple CameraImageResponse chunks and the client must reassemble.
+  # Must match IMAGE_SIZE in test_camera_mock.py.
+  image_size: 4096
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57aaf07ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import setup_entity
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/tests"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["camera"]
+
+CONF_IMAGE_SIZE = "image_size"
+
+mock_camera_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mock_camera")
+MockCamera = mock_camera_ns.class_("MockCamera", cg.Component, cg.EntityBase)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MockCamera),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_IMAGE_SIZE, default=1024): cv.positive_not_null_int,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_image_size(config[CONF_IMAGE_SIZE]))
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64ed6bfe5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "mock_camera.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::mock_camera {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "mock_camera";
+
+void MockCamera::loop() {
+  uint8_t requesters = this->single_requesters_ | this->stream_requesters_;
+  if (requesters == 0)
+    return;
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (now - this->last_frame_ms_ < FRAME_INTERVAL_MS)
+    return;
+  this->last_frame_ms_ = now;
+  this->single_requesters_ = 0;
+
+  auto image = std::make_shared<MockCameraImage>(this->image_size_, this->frame_counter_, requesters);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Producing frame %u (%u bytes, requesters 0x%02X)", this->frame_counter_, this->image_size_,
+           requesters);
+  this->frame_counter_++;
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+    listener->on_camera_image(image);
+  }
+}
+
+void MockCamera::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Mock Camera (%u byte frames)", this->image_size_); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mock_camera
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcf40bba67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/mock_camera/mock_camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::mock_camera {
+
+/** Deterministic in-memory camera image.
+ *  Byte i of frame N is (N + i) & 0xFF so tests can validate
+ *  reassembled data from just the first byte.
+ */
+class MockCameraImage : public camera::CameraImage {
+ public:
+  MockCameraImage(size_t size, uint8_t frame_counter, uint8_t requesters)
+      : data_(new uint8_t[size]), size_(size), requesters_(requesters) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      this->data_[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(frame_counter + i);
+    }
+  }
+  uint8_t *get_data_buffer() override { return this->data_.get(); }
+  size_t get_data_length() override { return this->size_; }
+  bool was_requested_by(camera::CameraRequester requester) const override {
+    return (this->requesters_ & (1 << requester)) != 0;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_;
+  size_t size_;
+  uint8_t requesters_;
+};
+
+class MockCameraImageReader : public camera::CameraImageReader {
+ public:
+  void set_image(std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image) override {
+    this->image_ = std::move(image);
+    this->offset_ = 0;
+  }
+  size_t available() const override { return this->image_ ? this->image_->get_data_length() - this->offset_ : 0; }
+  uint8_t *peek_data_buffer() override { return this->image_->get_data_buffer() + this->offset_; }
+  void consume_data(size_t consumed) override { this->offset_ += consumed; }
+  void return_image() override {
+    this->image_.reset();
+    this->offset_ = 0;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image_;
+  size_t offset_{0};
+};
+
+/** Virtual camera producing deterministic frames on request or stream. */
+class MockCamera : public camera::Camera {
+ public:
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void add_listener(camera::CameraListener *listener) override { this->listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+  camera::CameraImageReader *create_image_reader() override { return new MockCameraImageReader(); }
+  void request_image(camera::CameraRequester requester) override { this->single_requesters_ |= (1 << requester); }
+  void start_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override { this->stream_requesters_ |= (1 << requester); }
+  void stop_stream(camera::CameraRequester requester) override { this->stream_requesters_ &= ~(1 << requester); }
+
+  void set_image_size(uint32_t size) { this->image_size_ = size; }
+
+ protected:
+  static constexpr uint32_t FRAME_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+
+  // Members ordered largest to smallest to minimize padding
+  std::vector<camera::CameraListener *> listeners_;
+  uint32_t image_size_{1024};
+  uint32_t last_frame_ms_{0};
+  uint8_t frame_counter_{0};
+  uint8_t single_requesters_{0};
+  uint8_t stream_requesters_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::mock_camera
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06dda5d1ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, CONF_ID
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
+
+sndbuf_pin_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sndbuf_pin")
+SndbufPinComponent = sndbuf_pin_ns.class_("SndbufPinComponent", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SndbufPinComponent),
+        cv.Required(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE): cv.int_range(min=1),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..430c5075c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "sndbuf_pin_component.h"
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sndbuf_pin";
+
+// Skip stdio; scan the low fd range where the listeners land
+static constexpr int FIRST_USER_FD = 3;
+static constexpr int MAX_FD_SCAN = 128;
+
+void SndbufPinComponent::setup() {
+  int pinned = 0;
+  for (int fd = FIRST_USER_FD; fd < MAX_FD_SCAN; fd++) {
+    int type = 0;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(type);
+    if (::getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, &type, &len) != 0 || type != SOCK_STREAM)
+      continue;
+    struct sockaddr_in addr {};
+    socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+    if (::getsockname(fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &addr_len) != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "fd %d: getsockname failed, errno %d", fd, errno);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ntohs(addr.sin_port) != api::global_api_server->get_port())
+      continue;
+    if (::setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &this->buffer_size_, sizeof(this->buffer_size_)) != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "fd %d: SO_SNDBUF pin failed, errno %d", fd, errno);
+      continue;
+    }
+    int applied = 0;
+    len = sizeof(applied);
+    if (::getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &applied, &len) != 0 || applied < this->buffer_size_) {
+      // Linux doubles the requested value; anything below it means clamped
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "fd %d: SO_SNDBUF readback %d below requested %d", fd, applied, this->buffer_size_);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Tests assert on this line; accepted sockets inherit the pinned size
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "fd %d port %d: SO_SNDBUF pinned to %d (effective %d)", fd, ntohs(addr.sin_port), this->buffer_size_,
+             applied);
+    pinned++;
+  }
+  if (pinned == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "api listener socket was not pinned");
+    this->mark_failed();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0af226d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/sndbuf_pin_component/sndbuf_pin_component.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin {
+
+// Test-only (host): pins SO_SNDBUF on every open TCP socket so integration
+// tests get deterministic backpressure; an explicit SO_SNDBUF also disables
+// kernel autotuning, and accepted sockets inherit it from the listener.
+class SndbufPinComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  explicit SndbufPinComponent(int buffer_size) : buffer_size_(buffer_size) {}
+  void setup() override;
+  // After the api server so its listening socket exists
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+ protected:
+  int buffer_size_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sndbuf_pin
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/host_preferences_suspend_resume.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_preferences_suspend_resume.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b32b9a1571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_preferences_suspend_resume.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test_suspend_resume_device
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+api:
+
+preferences:
+  id: prefs_syncer
+  flash_write_interval: 1s
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Save Preference"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // save() only updates the in-memory map; only sync() persists it to disk.
+          ESPPreferenceObject pref = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(0xBEEF);
+          uint32_t value = 123;
+          if (pref.save(&value)) {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "Preference saved in memory");
+          } else {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "Preference save failed");
+          }
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Suspend Syncer"
+    on_press:
+      - component.suspend: prefs_syncer
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Syncer suspended");
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Resume Syncer"
+    on_press:
+      - component.resume: prefs_syncer
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Syncer resumed");
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_binary_effect_off_phase.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_binary_effect_off_phase.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5c74001c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_binary_effect_off_phase.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-binary-effect-off
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: binary_output
+    type: binary
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "BINARY_OUTPUT:%s"
+          args: [YESNO(state)]
+
+light:
+  - platform: binary
+    name: "Test Binary Light"
+    id: test_binary_light
+    output: binary_output
+    effects:
+      - strobe:
+          name: "Fast Strobe"
+          colors:
+            - state: true
+              duration: 50ms
+            - state: false
+              duration: 50ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_binary_zero_brightness_is_recoverable.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_binary_zero_brightness_is_recoverable.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1db8b44fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_binary_zero_brightness_is_recoverable.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-binary-zero-bright
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: binary_output
+    type: binary
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "BINARY_OUTPUT:%s"
+          args: [YESNO(state)]
+
+light:
+  - platform: binary
+    name: "Test Binary Light"
+    id: test_binary_light
+    output: binary_output
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_effect_zero_brightness.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_effect_zero_brightness.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b98bed84db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_effect_zero_brightness.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-effect-zero-bright
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: pulse_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "PULSE_OUTPUT:%.4f"
+          args: [state]
+
+light:
+  - platform: monochromatic
+    name: "Test Pulse Light"
+    id: test_pulse_light
+    output: pulse_output
+    effects:
+      - pulse:
+          name: "Fast Pulse"
+          transition_length: 20ms
+          update_interval: 50ms
+          min_brightness: 0%
+          max_brightness: 100%
+      - strobe:
+          name: "Fast Strobe"
+          colors:
+            - state: true
+              duration: 50ms
+            - state: false
+              duration: 50ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_initial_state.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_initial_state.yaml
index 2654c76aa0..052de0a4e5 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_initial_state.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_initial_state.yaml
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ output:
     type: float
     write_action:
       - lambda: ""
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_restore_and_on_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - lambda: ""
 
 light:
   - platform: rgb
@@ -37,3 +42,16 @@ light:
       red: 1.0
       green: 0.5
       blue: 0.0
+
+  - platform: monochromatic
+    name: "Test Restore And On Light"
+    id: test_restore_and_on_light
+    output: test_restore_and_on_output
+    restore_mode: RESTORE_AND_ON
+    # Simulates a stale/persisted zero brightness: RESTORE_AND_ON always forces the light
+    # on at boot regardless of the recovered state, so a leftover brightness of 0 must not
+    # leave the light on-but-invisible.
+    initial_state:
+      color_mode: BRIGHTNESS
+      state: false
+      brightness: 0%
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95e42b6755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+esphome:
+  name: online-image-bmp
+
+host:
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+    format: AUTO
+    id: myimg
+    type: RGB
+    on_download_finished:
+      logger.log:
+        format: "download finished. cache hit: %u"
+        args: [cached]
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: fetch_image
+      then:
+        - component.update: myimg
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837be776f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+esphome:
+  name: online-image-bmp
+
+host:
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+    id: myimg
+    format: AUTO
+    type: RGB
+    on_download_finished:
+      logger.log:
+        format: "download finished. cache hit: %u"
+        args: [cached]
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: fetch_image
+      then:
+        - component.update: myimg
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
index e36514e9ae..2cd0658b56 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ http_request:
 
 display:
 
-online_image:
-  - url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+image:
+  - platform: online_image
+    url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
     id: myimg
     format: BMP
     type: RGB
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_stability.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_stability.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a74bb2c7f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/preference_key_stability.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+esphome:
+  name: host-pref-key-stability
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+switch:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_switch_restore
+    name: Test Switch
+    optimistic: true
+    restore_mode: RESTORE_DEFAULT_OFF
+
+number:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_number_restore
+    name: Test Number
+    optimistic: true
+    restore_value: true
+    initial_value: 1.0
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 100
+    step: 0.5
+
+text:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_text_restore
+    name: Test Text
+    mode: text
+    optimistic: true
+    restore_value: true
+    initial_value: fallback
+    min_length: 0
+    max_length: 20
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml
index 25decf20f5..ae95e095f6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ globals:
   - id: interval_counter
     type: int
     initial_value: '0'
-  - id: retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
   - id: defer_counter
     type: int
     initial_value: '0'
@@ -118,29 +115,7 @@ script:
             id(timeout_counter) += 1;
           });
 
-          // Test 10: set_retry with numeric ID
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component1, 6001U, 50, 3,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(retry_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Numeric retry 6001 attempt %d (countdown=%d)",
-                       id(retry_counter), retry_countdown);
-              if (id(retry_counter) >= 2) {
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "Numeric retry 6001 done");
-                return RetryResult::DONE;
-              }
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-
-          // Test 11: cancel_retry with numeric ID
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component1, 6002U, 100, 5,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              ESP_LOGE("test", "ERROR: Numeric retry 6002 should have been cancelled");
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-          App.scheduler.cancel_retry(component1, 6002U);
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Cancelled numeric retry 6002");
-
-          // Test 12: defer with numeric ID (Component method)
+          // Test 10: defer with numeric ID (Component method)
           class TestDeferComponent : public Component {
           public:
             void test_defer_methods() {
@@ -161,7 +136,7 @@ script:
           static TestDeferComponent test_defer_component;
           test_defer_component.test_defer_methods();
 
-          // Test 13: cancel_defer with numeric ID (Component method)
+          // Test 11: cancel_defer with numeric ID (Component method)
           class TestCancelDeferComponent : public Component {
           public:
             void test_cancel_defer() {
@@ -181,8 +156,8 @@ script:
   - id: report_results
     then:
       - lambda: |-
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Final results - Timeouts: %d, Intervals: %d, Retries: %d, Defers: %d",
-                   id(timeout_counter), id(interval_counter), id(retry_counter), id(defer_counter));
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Final results - Timeouts: %d, Intervals: %d, Defers: %d",
+                   id(timeout_counter), id(interval_counter), id(defer_counter));
 
 sensor:
   - platform: template
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index cdf71152bd..0000000000
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-esphome:
-  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
-  name: scheduler-retry-test
-  on_boot:
-    priority: -100
-    then:
-      - logger.log: "Starting scheduler retry tests"
-      # Run all tests sequentially with delays
-      - script.execute: run_all_tests
-
-host:
-api:
-logger:
-  level: VERY_VERBOSE
-
-globals:
-  - id: simple_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: backoff_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: backoff_last_attempt_time
-    type: uint32_t
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: immediate_done_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: cancel_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: empty_name_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: script_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: multiple_same_name_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: const_char_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-  - id: static_char_retry_counter
-    type: int
-    initial_value: '0'
-
-# Using different component types for each test to ensure isolation
-sensor:
-  - platform: template
-    name: Simple Retry Test Sensor
-    id: simple_retry_sensor
-    lambda: return 1.0;
-    update_interval: never
-
-  - platform: template
-    name: Backoff Retry Test Sensor
-    id: backoff_retry_sensor
-    lambda: return 2.0;
-    update_interval: never
-
-  - platform: template
-    name: Immediate Done Test Sensor
-    id: immediate_done_sensor
-    lambda: return 3.0;
-    update_interval: never
-
-binary_sensor:
-  - platform: template
-    name: Cancel Retry Test Binary Sensor
-    id: cancel_retry_binary_sensor
-    lambda: return false;
-
-  - platform: template
-    name: Empty Name Test Binary Sensor
-    id: empty_name_binary_sensor
-    lambda: return true;
-
-switch:
-  - platform: template
-    name: Script Retry Test Switch
-    id: script_retry_switch
-    optimistic: true
-
-  - platform: template
-    name: Multiple Same Name Test Switch
-    id: multiple_same_name_switch
-    optimistic: true
-
-script:
-  - id: run_all_tests
-    then:
-      # Test 1: Simple retry
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 1: Simple retry ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(simple_retry_sensor);
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "simple_retry", 50, 3,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(simple_retry_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Simple retry attempt %d (countdown=%d)",
-                       id(simple_retry_counter), retry_countdown);
-
-              if (id(simple_retry_counter) >= 2) {
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "Simple retry succeeded on attempt %d", id(simple_retry_counter));
-                return RetryResult::DONE;
-              }
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-
-      # Test 2: Backoff retry
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 2: Retry with backoff ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(backoff_retry_sensor);
-
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "backoff_retry", 50, 4,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(backoff_retry_counter)++;
-              uint32_t now = millis();
-              uint32_t interval = 0;
-
-              // Only calculate interval after first attempt
-              if (id(backoff_retry_counter) > 1) {
-                interval = now - id(backoff_last_attempt_time);
-              }
-              id(backoff_last_attempt_time) = now;
-
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Backoff retry attempt %d (countdown=%d, interval=%dms)",
-                       id(backoff_retry_counter), retry_countdown, interval);
-
-              if (id(backoff_retry_counter) == 1) {
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "First call was immediate");
-              } else if (id(backoff_retry_counter) == 2) {
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "Second call interval: %dms (expected ~50ms)", interval);
-              } else if (id(backoff_retry_counter) == 3) {
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "Third call interval: %dms (expected ~100ms)", interval);
-              } else if (id(backoff_retry_counter) == 4) {
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "Fourth call interval: %dms (expected ~200ms)", interval);
-                ESP_LOGI("test", "Backoff retry completed");
-                return RetryResult::DONE;
-              }
-
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            }, 2.0f);
-
-      # Test 3: Immediate done
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 3: Immediate done ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(immediate_done_sensor);
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "immediate_done", 50, 5,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(immediate_done_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Immediate done retry called (countdown=%d)", retry_countdown);
-              return RetryResult::DONE;
-            });
-
-      # Test 4: Cancel retry
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 4: Cancel retry ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(cancel_retry_binary_sensor);
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "cancel_test", 30, 10,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(cancel_retry_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Cancel test retry attempt %d", id(cancel_retry_counter));
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-
-          // Cancel it after 100ms
-          App.scheduler.set_timeout(component, "cancel_timer", 100, []() {
-            bool cancelled = App.scheduler.cancel_retry(id(cancel_retry_binary_sensor), "cancel_test");
-            ESP_LOGI("test", "Retry cancellation result: %s", cancelled ? "true" : "false");
-            ESP_LOGI("test", "Cancel retry ran %d times before cancellation", id(cancel_retry_counter));
-          });
-
-      # Test 5: Empty name retry
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 5: Empty name retry ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(empty_name_binary_sensor);
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "", 100, 5,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(empty_name_retry_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Empty name retry attempt %d", id(empty_name_retry_counter));
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-
-          // Try to cancel after 150ms
-          App.scheduler.set_timeout(component, "empty_cancel_timer", 150, []() {
-            bool cancelled = App.scheduler.cancel_retry(id(empty_name_binary_sensor), "");
-            ESP_LOGI("test", "Empty name retry cancel result: %s",
-                     cancelled ? "true" : "false");
-            ESP_LOGI("test", "Empty name retry ran %d times", id(empty_name_retry_counter));
-          });
-
-      # Test 6: Component method
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 6: Component::set_retry method ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          class TestRetryComponent : public Component {
-          public:
-            void test_retry() {
-              this->set_retry(50, 3,
-                [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-                  id(script_retry_counter)++;
-                  ESP_LOGI("test", "Component retry attempt %d", id(script_retry_counter));
-                  if (id(script_retry_counter) >= 2) {
-                    return RetryResult::DONE;
-                  }
-                  return RetryResult::RETRY;
-                }, 1.5f);
-            }
-          };
-
-          static TestRetryComponent test_component;
-          test_component.test_retry();
-
-      # Test 7: Multiple same name
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 7: Multiple retries with same name ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(multiple_same_name_switch);
-
-          // Set first retry
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "duplicate_retry", 100, 5,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(multiple_same_name_counter) += 1;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "First duplicate retry - should not run");
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-
-          // Set second retry with same name (should cancel first)
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "duplicate_retry", 50, 3,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(multiple_same_name_counter) += 10;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Second duplicate retry attempt (counter=%d)",
-                       id(multiple_same_name_counter));
-              if (id(multiple_same_name_counter) >= 20) {
-                return RetryResult::DONE;
-              }
-              return RetryResult::RETRY;
-            });
-
-      # Test 8: Const char* overloads
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 8: Const char* overloads ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(simple_retry_sensor);
-
-          // Test 8a: Direct string literal
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, "const_char_test", 30, 2,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(const_char_retry_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Const char retry %d", id(const_char_retry_counter));
-              return RetryResult::DONE;
-            });
-
-      # Test 9: Static const char* variable
-      - logger.log: "=== Test 9: Static const char* ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          auto *component = id(backoff_retry_sensor);
-
-          static const char* STATIC_NAME = "static_retry_test";
-          App.scheduler.set_retry(component, STATIC_NAME, 20, 1,
-            [](uint8_t retry_countdown) {
-              id(static_char_retry_counter)++;
-              ESP_LOGI("test", "Static const char retry %d", id(static_char_retry_counter));
-              return RetryResult::DONE;
-            });
-
-          // Cancel with same static const char*
-          App.scheduler.set_timeout(component, "static_cancel", 10, []() {
-            static const char* STATIC_NAME = "static_retry_test";
-            bool result = App.scheduler.cancel_retry(id(backoff_retry_sensor), STATIC_NAME);
-            ESP_LOGI("test", "Static cancel result: %s", result ? "true" : "false");
-          });
-
-      # Wait for all tests to complete before reporting
-      - delay: 500ms
-
-      # Final report
-      - logger.log: "=== Retry Test Results ==="
-      - lambda: |-
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Simple retry counter: %d (expected 2)", id(simple_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Backoff retry counter: %d (expected 4)", id(backoff_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Immediate done counter: %d (expected 1)", id(immediate_done_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Cancel retry counter: %d (expected 2-4)", id(cancel_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Empty name retry counter: %d (expected 1-2)", id(empty_name_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Component retry counter: %d (expected 2)", id(script_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Multiple same name counter: %d (expected 20+)", id(multiple_same_name_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Const char retry counter: %d (expected 1)", id(const_char_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "Static char retry counter: %d (expected 1)", id(static_char_retry_counter));
-          ESP_LOGI("test", "All retry tests completed");
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued.yaml
index 996dd6436f..c8c56113db 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 esphome:
   name: test-script-queued
+  on_boot:
+    # Default priority (600.0) runs before the script component is set up
+    # This tests that an instance queued during boot still gets dequeued
+    # once the main loop starts (the idle-loop disabling must not eat it)
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "=== BOOT: Executing queued script twice ==="
+      - script.execute:
+          id: boot_script
+          tag: 1
+      - script.execute:
+          id: boot_script
+          tag: 2
 
 host:
 api:
@@ -98,6 +110,15 @@ api:
         - script.execute: no_params_script
         - script.execute: no_params_script
 
+    # Test 6: Re-execute after stop() cleared the queue
+    # (the idle loop must re-enable on demand)
+    - action: test_after_stop
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "=== TEST 6: Re-execute after stop ==="
+        - script.execute:
+            id: stop_script
+            num: 9
+
 logger:
   level: DEBUG
 
@@ -168,3 +189,18 @@ script:
       - logger.log: "No params: START"
       - delay: 50ms
       - logger.log: "No params: END"
+
+  # Boot script: executed twice from on_boot before setup()
+  - id: boot_script
+    mode: queued
+    max_runs: 3
+    parameters:
+      tag: int
+    then:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "Boot queued: START %d"
+          args: ['tag']
+      - delay: 50ms
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "Boot queued: END %d"
+          args: ['tag']
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued_idle_loop.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued_idle_loop.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d5d3cb86f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/script_queued_idle_loop.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-script-queued-idle
+
+host:
+api:
+  actions:
+    # Execute twice: the first runs immediately, the second gets queued,
+    # which must re-enable the loop; draining must disable it again
+    - action: run_twice
+      then:
+        - script.execute: idle_script
+        - script.execute: idle_script
+
+# VERY_VERBOSE exposes the component framework's "loop disabled" and
+# "loop enabled" messages that this test asserts on
+logger:
+  level: VERY_VERBOSE
+
+script:
+  - id: idle_script
+    mode: queued
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "idle_script: START"
+      - delay: 50ms
+      - logger.log: "idle_script: END"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
index 2494a430da..b01c8e452b 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ sensor:
     id: source_sensor_5
     accuracy_decimals: 1
 
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Source Sensor 6"
+    id: source_sensor_6
+    accuracy_decimals: 1
+
   - platform: copy
     source_id: source_sensor_1
     name: "Filter Min"
@@ -81,6 +86,13 @@ sensor:
     filters:
       - delta: 50%
 
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor_6
+    name: "Filter NaN"
+    id: filter_nan
+    filters:
+      - delta: 0
+
 script:
   - id: test_filter_min
     then:
@@ -188,6 +200,24 @@ script:
           id: source_sensor_5
           state: 250.0  # Passes (delta=90 > 80)
 
+  - id: test_filter_nan
+    then:
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: 1.0
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: !lambda "return NAN;"
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: !lambda "return NAN;"  # Filtered out
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_6
+          state: 2.0
+
 button:
   - platform: template
     name: "Test Filter Min"
@@ -218,3 +248,9 @@ button:
     id: btn_filter_percentage
     on_press:
       - script.execute: test_filter_percentage
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Filter NaN"
+    id: btn_filter_nan
+    on_press:
+      - script.execute: test_filter_nan
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8857bf8c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-broadcast
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true  # controller polls at boot; forwarding must already be active
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server_2
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_server_2
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server_2
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server_2
+    id: virtual_modbus_server_2
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+globals:
+  - id: srv1_reg
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: srv2_reg
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_client
+    # Polling is off until the test has subscribed; the Start Scenario button starts it, so the
+    # first poll is never lost to a boot-time race ahead of the API subscription.
+    update_interval: never
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 919;
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(srv1_reg);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(srv1_reg) = x;
+          return true;
+  - address: 2
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server_2
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(srv2_reg);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(srv2_reg) = x;
+          return true;
+
+sensor:
+  # Normal polling continues before and after the broadcast: the old behavior burned a
+  # timeout per broadcast, which surfaces as modbus warnings and failed expectations here.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_u_word"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    # Republish every poll (the value is constant 919): the test observes successive publishes to
+    # prove polling continues before and after the broadcast, which dedup would otherwise hide.
+    force_update: true
+  # The servers' written values, published locally.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv1_written"
+    lambda: return id(srv1_reg);
+    update_interval: 0.2s
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv2_written"
+    lambda: return id(srv2_reg);
+    update_interval: 0.2s
+  # Whether the hub accepted the broadcast into the transmit queue (the bool queue_pdu() returns).
+  - platform: template
+    name: "broadcast_accepted"
+    id: broadcast_accepted
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Start polling now that the test has subscribed.
+          id(modbus_controller_1).set_update_interval(1000);
+          id(modbus_controller_1).start_poller();
+          // Broadcast (address 0) write single register: reg 0x10 = 777 on every server.
+          // PDU is function code + data (no address/CRC); the hub prepends address 0 and appends CRC.
+          const uint8_t pdu[] = {0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x03, 0x09};
+          // queue_pdu() returns whether the broadcast was accepted into the machine (the answer this PR
+          // makes meaningful); publish it so the test asserts the accept, not just the servers' writes.
+          bool accepted = id(virtual_modbus_client)->queue_pdu(0x00, pdu);
+          id(broadcast_accepted).publish_state(accepted ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_inline.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_inline.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f85206107f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_inline.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-client-inline
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_client
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_client
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_client
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+    # Short wait so the no-reply cases (address 2 below) time out well within the test window.
+    send_wait_time: 500ms
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 1234;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "inline_value"
+    id: inline_value
+  - platform: template
+    name: "timeout_flag"
+    id: timeout_flag
+  - platform: template
+    name: "skipped_flag"
+    id: skipped_flag
+
+# The same write action fired twice while its first frame is still awaiting a reply: the hub drops the
+# duplicate write (writes are never merged) and the second firing resolves via its own on_not_sent.
+# mode: parallel so the second run starts while the first send is pending.
+script:
+  - id: dup_write
+    mode: parallel
+    then:
+      - modbus_client.send:
+          address: 2
+          pdu: [0x06, 0x00, 0x10, 0x01, 0x02]
+          on_not_sent:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(skipped_flag).publish_state(1);"
+
+# Each action is its own hub device: address 1 is served by the mock server, address 2 answers nothing.
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      # Per-send inline on_response: decode this reply where the send was fired (fire-and-continue).
+      - modbus_client.send:
+          address: 1
+          pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01]
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  if (response.size() >= 4)
+                    id(inline_value).publish_state((response[2] << 8) | response[3]);
+      # No server answers address 2, so this resolves via on_no_response.
+      - modbus_client.send:
+          address: 2
+          pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01]
+          on_no_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(timeout_flag).publish_state(1);"
+      - script.execute: dup_write
+      - script.execute: dup_write
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f89889c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-cli-rw
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+# Two virtual buses looped back to each other: the client's transmissions reach the server and the
+# server's replies reach the client. auto_start so forwarding is active before the button fires.
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_client
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_client
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: stored_1
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_client
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    registers:
+      # Writable + readable register: the read publishes what it returns, so the test can confirm the
+      # write half of the 0x17 ran before the read half (Modbus 6.17).
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(srv_read_1).publish_state(id(stored_1));
+          return id(stored_1);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(stored_1) = x;
+          id(srv_write_1).publish_state(x);
+          return true;
+      # Read-only register, returned together with 0x01 by the 2-register read half.
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 0x00AA;
+
+sensor:
+  # Server-side observations.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv_write_1"
+    id: srv_write_1
+  - platform: template
+    name: "srv_read_1"
+    id: srv_read_1
+  # Client-side read-back: the values the client's on_response received.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "client_read_0"
+    id: client_read_0
+  - platform: template
+    name: "client_read_1"
+    id: client_read_1
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      # FC 0x17: write reg 0x0001 = 0x1234, then read regs 0x0001..0x0002 back in the same transaction.
+      - modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 0x01
+          read_address: 0x0001
+          read_count: 2
+          write_address: 0x0001
+          values: [0x1234]
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  // values is the read-back block: reg 0x0001 (must be the just-written 0x1234) and reg 0x0002.
+                  if (values.size() >= 2) {
+                    id(client_read_0).publish_state(values[0]);
+                    id(client_read_1).publish_state(values[1]);
+                  }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_typed.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_typed.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e445093625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_client_typed.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-client-typed
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_client
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_client
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_client
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg10
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: reg11
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: reg12
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg10);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg10) = x;
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x11
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg11);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg11) = x;
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x12
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg12);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg12) = x;
+          return true;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "typed_value"
+    id: typed_value
+  - platform: template
+    name: "ack_flag"
+    id: ack_flag
+  - platform: template
+    name: "error_code"
+    id: error_code
+  - platform: template
+    name: "coil_error_code"
+    id: coil_error_code
+  - platform: template
+    name: "multi_value"
+    id: multi_value
+  - platform: template
+    name: "multi_coil_error"
+    id: multi_coil_error
+  - platform: template
+    name: "not_sent_flag"
+    id: not_sent_flag
+
+# Typed actions end to end: a typed write lands on the server (ack -> ack_flag), the typed read-back
+# decodes the written value from the reply words (values[0] -> typed_value), and a read of an unserved
+# register resolves via on_error with the device's exception code (-> error_code).
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - modbus_client.write_single_register:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x10
+          value: 777
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(ack_flag).publish_state(1);"
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x10
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  if (!values.empty())
+                    id(typed_value).publish_state(values[0]);
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x99
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(error_code).publish_state((int) exception_code);"
+      # The mock server maps no bits, so it does not implement the coil function: a coil read draws
+      # ILLEGAL_FUNCTION - proving the bit-read action's request PDU and its typed error delivery.
+      - modbus_client.read_coils:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x00
+          count: 8
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(coil_error_code).publish_state((int) exception_code);"
+      # Multi-register write (fc 0x10, served) then read-back of the second written register.
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x11
+          values: [111, 222]
+          on_response:
+            then:
+              - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+                  address: 1
+                  start_address: 0x12
+                  on_response:
+                    then:
+                      - lambda: |-
+                          if (!values.empty())
+                            id(multi_value).publish_state(values[0]);
+      # A count lambda can go out of spec at runtime: the builder rejects it into an empty PDU, the hub
+      # refuses that at the door, and the send resolves via on_not_sent (no reply will ever come).
+      - modbus_client.read_holding_registers:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x10
+          count: !lambda "return 0;"
+          on_not_sent:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(not_sent_flag).publish_state(1);"
+      # Multi-coil write (fc 0x0F): the server maps no bits, so it answers ILLEGAL_FUNCTION.
+      - modbus_client.write_multiple_coils:
+          address: 1
+          start_address: 0x00
+          values: [true, false, true]
+          on_error:
+            then:
+              - lambda: "id(multi_coil_error).publish_state((int) exception_code);"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_continuous.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_continuous.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62b0b4c2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_continuous.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-continuous
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+# When set, the mock server stops forwarding its replies to the controller, so the controller sees
+# timeouts - used by the recovery test to drive a live continuous poll offline and back.
+globals:
+  - id: silence_server
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "false"
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - if:
+              condition:
+                lambda: "return !id(silence_server);"
+              then:
+                - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+                    id: virtual_uart_controller
+                    data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+    # Short timeout so the recovery test drives the poll offline quickly; when the server answers,
+    # replies arrive within turnaround_time, so this does not slow the streaming path.
+    send_wait_time: 100ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    # A long update_interval means that without continuous polling only the boot poll would run in the
+    # test window. continuous: true re-queues the read after each success, so it streams as fast as the
+    # bus allows.
+    update_interval: 30s
+    continuous: true
+    # One retry so a silenced device trips offline fast (initial send + 1 retry, each 100ms).
+    max_cmd_retries: 1
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      # Each read returns the next counter value, so every poll publishes a distinct state the test can
+      # count (proving the read actually ran, not just that the state changed once).
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          static uint16_t counter = 0;
+          return counter++;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "continuous_reg"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # Trigger the first poll deterministically. PollingComponent's first update() would otherwise land
+    # somewhere in the 30s update_interval; once this one read completes, continuous re-queuing takes over.
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(modbus_controller_1)->update();"
+
+switch:
+  # Toggles whether the mock server forwards its replies. On = silence (controller sees timeouts);
+  # off = answer again. The recovery test uses it to drive a live continuous poll offline and back.
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Silence Server"
+    id: silence_server_switch
+    optimistic: true
+    turn_on_action:
+      - lambda: "id(silence_server) = true;"
+    turn_off_action:
+      - lambda: "id(silence_server) = false;"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..188abf90f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-custom-pdu
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 259;
+
+sensor:
+  # Plain read to confirm the controller <-> server link is up.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "plain_read"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  # Custom PDU: read holding register 0x0001, count 1. The PDU is
+  # {function code, address hi, address lo, count hi, count lo}; the device
+  # address and CRC are added by the hub. The lambda parses the response payload
+  # (the register value, big-endian).
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "custom_read"
+    custom_pdu: [0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01]
+    lambda: |-
+      if (data.size() < 2) return {};
+      return (float) ((data[0] << 8) | data[1]);
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f378e3de43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-dep-buffer
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg10
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg10);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(reg10) = x;
+          return true;
+
+# A number whose write_lambda uses the DEPRECATED buffer parameter (fills `payload` with a legacy raw
+# frame as words: device address + function code + data) instead of the new item->write_* API. The write
+# must still land with its legacy semantics, and the one-time deprecation warning must fire only once per
+# entity no matter how many writes happen.
+number:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "buf_number"
+    id: buf_number
+    address: 0x10
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 1000
+    step: 1
+    write_lambda: |-
+      // Legacy raw frame as words: [addr 0x01 | fc 0x06], register 0x0010, value.
+      payload.push_back(0x0106);
+      payload.push_back(0x0010);
+      payload.push_back((uint16_t) x);
+      return {};
+
+# Reports the server-side register so the test can observe that the deprecated buffer write landed.
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "written_value"
+    id: written_value
+    update_interval: 0.5s
+    lambda: "return id(reg10);"
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # The test drives the writes via number_command; the mock is autostart.
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_fairness.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_fairness.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2918c82dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_fairness.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-fairness
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  # DEBUG (not VERBOSE) keeps the log volume manageable while both controllers
+  # hammer the bus at a high rate.
+  level: DEBUG
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+# Counters for the number of requests seen on the bus for each device address.
+globals:
+  - id: req_count_1
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: req_count_2
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    # auto_start so the mock is ready to deliver injected responses. Polling
+    # itself is gated by the Start button below.
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          # Count each outgoing request by device address (byte 0 of the frame).
+          - lambda: |-
+              if (data.empty())
+                return;
+              if (data[0] == 0x01) {
+                id(req_count_1) += 1;
+                id(requests_1).publish_state(id(req_count_1));
+              } else if (data[0] == 0x02) {
+                id(req_count_2) += 1;
+                id(requests_2).publish_state(id(req_count_2));
+              }
+          # Reply directly with a canned, CRC-correct "read holding register"
+          # response for whichever device was addressed (both controllers only
+          # ever issue this one fixed request, so the responses are constant).
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart
+              data: !lambda |-
+                if (!data.empty() && data[0] == 0x01)
+                  return {0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x6F, 0xF8, 0x68};  // value 111
+                if (!data.empty() && data[0] == 0x02)
+                  return {0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0xDE, 0x7C, 0x1C};  // value 222
+                return {};
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 15ms #This is longer than the polling interval to cause contention
+
+# Two controllers sharing one client bus, each polling a different device.
+# Polling is started by the test (update_interval: never until then) so counting
+# only begins once the API client has subscribed.
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_client
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: never
+  - address: 2
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_client
+    id: modbus_controller_2
+    update_interval: never
+
+sensor:
+  # These sensors define the register range each controller polls (and so drive
+  # the requests). Their values are not checked by the test.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: reg_1
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_2
+    name: reg_2
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  # Request counters exposed to the test. Updated manually from the on_tx hook.
+  - platform: template
+    name: requests_1
+    id: requests_1
+    update_interval: never
+  - platform: template
+    name: requests_2
+    id: requests_2
+    update_interval: never
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Poll much faster than the bus can service so both controllers always
+          // have a request pending and must contend for the bus.
+          id(modbus_controller_1).set_update_interval(10);
+          id(modbus_controller_1).start_poller();
+          id(modbus_controller_2).set_update_interval(10);
+          id(modbus_controller_2).start_poller();
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Stop Scenario"
+    id: stop_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(modbus_controller_1).stop_poller();
+          id(modbus_controller_2).stop_poller();
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d580f5c2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_grouping.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-group
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    responses:
+      # One entry per range the controller polls. A frame the controller does not send goes unanswered,
+      # so these also pin the grouping: an extra or differently shaped read fails the test.
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0xBC, 0x0E] # coils 0x10 count 2
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x90, 0x48] # bit0 set, bit1 clear
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x60, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xE8] # holding 0x160 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x60, 0xB9, 0xFC] # 352
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xF6] # holding 0x100 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x01, 0x11, 0x02, 0x22, 0x2A, 0xB3] # 4 bytes: 273 then 546
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x20, 0x00, 0x04, 0x44, 0x3F] # holding 0x120 count 4
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x08, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9A, 0xBC, 0xDE, 0xF0, 0x7A, 0x25]
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x30, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xF8] # holding 0x130 count 2
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x06, 0x0A, 0xAA, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0B, 0xBB, 0x7E, 0xA0] # 6 bytes
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x40, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x22] # holding 0x140 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x40, 0xB8, 0x24] # 320
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x45, 0x00, 0x01, 0x94, 0x23] # holding 0x145 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x45, 0x78, 0x27] # 325
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x50, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xE6] # holding 0x150 count 2
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x01, 0x50, 0x01, 0x51, 0x3B, 0xB2] # 336, 337
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC4, 0x1F] # holding 0x180 count 2
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x06, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x33, 0x33, 0x20, 0xA0] # 6 bytes
+      # 0x181 answers with the same value whether it is read on its own or as part of the block above,
+      # so the sensor there is pinned to one value regardless of which range it lands in.
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x81, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD5, 0xDE] # holding 0x181 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x33, 0x33, 0xEC, 0xA1] # 13107
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x70, 0x00, 0x03, 0x05, 0xEC] # holding 0x170 count 3
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x06, 0x00, 0x2A, 0x1B, 0x2C, 0x03, 0x0D, 0x3E, 0xAB] # 6 bytes
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x61, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD4, 0x28] # holding 0x161 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x61, 0x78, 0x3C] # 353
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  send_wait_time: 200ms
+  turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    id: modbus_controller_ok
+    max_cmd_retries: 2
+    update_interval: never
+
+# Each block below is a distinct address range exercising one grouping relationship. The blocks are far
+# enough apart that they never merge into each other.
+sensor:
+  # A - two sensors on one register that returns more bytes than its count implies (response_size),
+  # reading different halves of it.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "reuse_lo"
+    address: 0x100
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    response_size: 4
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "reuse_hi"
+    address: 0x100
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    offset: 2
+    response_size: 4
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # C - plain contiguous registers of differing widths.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "ext_word"
+    address: 0x120
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "ext_next"
+    address: 0x121
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "ext_dword"
+    address: 0x122
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # D - a wide (response_size) register followed by a contiguous one: the follower must start after the
+  # bytes the wide register actually returned, not after 2 * register_count.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "wide_first"
+    address: 0x130
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    response_size: 4
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "wide_next"
+    address: 0x131
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # E - a gap: these must never share a range.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "gap_low"
+    address: 0x140
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "gap_high"
+    address: 0x145
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # F - contiguous registers that historically carried differing skip_updates rates and were split by
+  # the rate merge; with per-range rates gone they group like any contiguous pair.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "rate_first"
+    address: 0x150
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "rate_slow"
+    address: 0x151
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # B - a wide value and one of its halves share a start address, with a contiguous sensor after them.
+  # The differing offsets give these a defined order, unlike two sensors that differ only in width.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "shared_dword"
+    address: 0x170
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "shared_high"
+    address: 0x170
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    offset: 2
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "shared_after"
+    address: 0x172
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # I - a register that returns more bytes than its count implies, sharing its address with a plain
+  # wider sensor. Whether the sensor after them is read as part of that block or on its own, it must
+  # decode 0x181 - never the bytes that lie two into the block, which is where the widened register
+  # count alone would put it.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "masked_wide"
+    address: 0x180
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    response_size: 4
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "masked_pair"
+    address: 0x180
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "masked_after"
+    address: 0x181
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+  # H - a sensor pinned to its own range, followed by a contiguous one.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "forced_first"
+    address: 0x160
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    force_new_range: true
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "forced_next"
+    address: 0x161
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+binary_sensor:
+  # G - contiguous coils, addressed by bit.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "coil_first"
+    address: 0x10
+    register_type: coil
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "coil_next"
+    address: 0x11
+    register_type: coil
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();
+          id(modbus_controller_ok).set_update_interval(1000);
+          id(modbus_controller_ok).start_poller();
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86e17ea0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-lambda-write
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg30
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x30
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg30);
+        write_lambda: id(reg30) = x; return true;
+
+# A COIL-type switch (assumed_state, write-only) whose write_lambda ignores its own coil type and instead
+# drives a HOLDING-REGISTER write on the mock server through the entity itself: `item` IS the command, so
+# item->write_single_register() sends a register write from a coil entity (cross-type). Returning nothing
+# (an empty optional) tells the write path the lambda already dispatched the frame - no default coil write.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "cross_switch"
+    register_type: coil
+    address: 0x00
+    assumed_state: true
+    write_lambda: |-
+      item->write_single_register(0x30, x ? 1234 : 0);
+      return {};
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_30"
+    address: 0x30
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c34890cd02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_offline.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-offline
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+# Whether the mock device answers requests. Starts false so the controller
+# runs through its retries and goes offline; the test flips it via the
+# "Serve" button to exercise the offline retry/recovery path.
+globals:
+  - id: serve
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "false"
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      # While serve is false every request times out; once true, answer the
+      # (only) request - read holding register 3 on device 1 - with value 259.
+      - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+          id: virtual_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            if (!id(serve))
+              return {};
+            return {0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0xF9, 0xD5};
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart
+    id: virtual_modbus_client
+    send_wait_time: 100ms
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_client
+    id: ctl
+    max_cmd_retries: 1
+    # offline_skip_updates: 1 -> once offline, the controller re-probes every second update cycle;
+    # the test silences the device to force it offline, then answers again and checks it recovers.
+    offline_skip_updates: 1
+    update_interval: never
+    on_offline:
+      then:
+        - lambda: id(link_state).publish_state(0);
+    on_online:
+      then:
+        - lambda: id(link_state).publish_state(1);
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: ctl
+    name: reg
+    id: reg
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  # Mirrors the controller's online state so the test can await the transitions.
+  - platform: template
+    name: link_state
+    id: link_state
+    update_interval: never
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(ctl).set_update_interval(200);
+          id(ctl).start_poller();
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Serve"
+    id: serve_btn
+    on_press:
+      - globals.set:
+          id: serve
+          value: "true"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_register_offset.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_register_offset.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e93e78d5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_register_offset.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-reg-offset
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: reg10
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "100"
+  - id: reg11
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "200"
+  - id: reg12
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "300"
+  - id: reg13
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0xABCD"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+    update_interval: 1s
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    registers:
+      - address: 0x10
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg10);
+        write_lambda: id(reg10) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x11
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg11);
+        write_lambda: id(reg11) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x12
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg12);
+        write_lambda: id(reg12) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x13
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return id(reg13);
+        write_lambda: id(reg13) = x; return true;
+
+# A holding-register switch at 0x10 with a 2-BYTE offset. offset is byte-based, so the write must target
+# register 0x10 + 2/2 = 0x11. The old (pre-fix) behavior folded offset into the address as a register
+# count, hitting 0x12 instead. assumed_state keeps the switch write-only so it does not read any register.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "offset_switch"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x10
+    offset: 2
+    assumed_state: true
+  # A holding-register switch that READS its state. Byte offset 6 -> register 0x10 + 6/2 = 0x13. Post-fix
+  # the switch itself resolves to 0x13 (whole registers fold into the address, residual byte stays) and
+  # joins the 0x10..0x13 range, so no separate 0x13 sensor is needed. Pre-fix the whole byte offset folds
+  # into the address (0x16), where the server answers ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS and the switch never publishes.
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "read_offset_switch"
+    register_type: holding
+    address: 0x10
+    offset: 6
+    bitmask: 0x1
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_10"
+    address: 0x10
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_11"
+    address: 0x11
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_12"
+    address: 0x12
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller.yaml
index 20306bd73a..4a5d280a2f 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller.yaml
@@ -64,9 +64,15 @@ modbus_server:
       - address: 0x01
         value_type: U_WORD
         read_lambda: return 99;
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD_S
+        read_lambda: return 4660;
       - address: 0x03
         value_type: S_WORD
         read_lambda: return -99;
+      - address: 0x04
+        value_type: S_WORD_S
+        read_lambda: return -2;
       - address: 0x05
         value_type: U_DWORD
         read_lambda: return 16909060;
@@ -105,12 +111,30 @@ sensor:
     address: 0x01
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_u_word_s"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD_S
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_u_word_s_raw"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "reg_s_word"
     address: 0x03
     register_type: holding
     value_type: S_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_s_word_s"
+    address: 0x04
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: S_WORD_S
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "reg_u_dword"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb6fc6f074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-srv-bits
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_server
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    # auto_start must be true for loopback fixtures: the modbus controller
+    # polls on its update_interval immediately at boot, so the uart_mock
+    # forwarding must already be active or early requests are lost and
+    # generate modbus warnings.
+    auto_start: true
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_controller
+              data: !lambda return data;
+  - id: virtual_uart_controller
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: true # See comment on virtual_uart_server above
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - uart_mock.inject_rx:
+              id: virtual_uart_server
+              data: !lambda return data;
+
+globals:
+  - id: stored_bit_2
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "false"
+  - id: stored_bit_3
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "true"
+
+modbus:
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_server
+    id: virtual_modbus_server
+    role: server
+  - uart_id: virtual_uart_controller
+    id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    role: client
+    turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_controller
+    update_interval: 1s
+    id: modbus_controller_1
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    modbus_id: virtual_modbus_server
+    id: modbus_server_1
+    bits:
+      - address: 0x00
+        read_lambda: return true;
+      - address: 0x01
+        read_lambda: return false;
+      - address: 0x02
+        read_lambda: return id(stored_bit_2);
+        write_lambda: id(stored_bit_2) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x03
+        read_lambda: return id(stored_bit_3);
+        write_lambda: id(stored_bit_3) = x; return true;
+
+# The same four bits are read both as coils (FC 0x01) and as discrete inputs
+# (FC 0x02): the server serves both from one shared bit table, so the two
+# views must always agree.
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_0"
+    address: 0x00
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_1"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_2"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_coil_3"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_0"
+    address: 0x00
+    register_type: discrete_input
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_1"
+    address: 0x01
+    register_type: discrete_input
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_2"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: discrete_input
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "bit_di_3"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: discrete_input
+
+# write_bit_2 uses the single-coil write (FC 0x05); write_bit_3 opts into the
+# multiple-coils write (FC 0x0F) so both server write paths are exercised.
+switch:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "write_bit_2"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: coil
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "write_bit_3"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: coil
+    use_write_multiple: true
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    # This test does not have anything to start (mock is autostart)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write.yaml
index b3b5e76e31..5ade49bd48 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write.yaml
@@ -45,9 +45,15 @@ globals:
   - id: stored_u_word
     type: uint16_t
     initial_value: "11"
+  - id: stored_u_word_s
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "4660"
   - id: stored_s_word
     type: int16_t
     initial_value: "-11"
+  - id: stored_s_word_s
+    type: int16_t
+    initial_value: "-2"
   - id: stored_u_dword
     type: uint32_t
     initial_value: "1001"
@@ -103,10 +109,18 @@ modbus_server:
         value_type: U_WORD
         read_lambda: return id(stored_u_word);
         write_lambda: id(stored_u_word) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD_S
+        read_lambda: return id(stored_u_word_s);
+        write_lambda: id(stored_u_word_s) = x; return true;
       - address: 0x03
         value_type: S_WORD
         read_lambda: return id(stored_s_word);
         write_lambda: id(stored_s_word) = x; return true;
+      - address: 0x04
+        value_type: S_WORD_S
+        read_lambda: return id(stored_s_word_s);
+        write_lambda: id(stored_s_word_s) = x; return true;
       - address: 0x05
         value_type: U_DWORD
         read_lambda: return id(stored_u_dword);
@@ -155,12 +169,24 @@ sensor:
     address: 0x01
     register_type: holding
     value_type: U_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_u_word_s"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD_S
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "reg_s_word"
     address: 0x03
     register_type: holding
     value_type: S_WORD
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "reg_s_word_s"
+    address: 0x04
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: S_WORD_S
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "reg_u_dword"
@@ -231,6 +257,14 @@ number:
     value_type: U_WORD
     min_value: 0
     max_value: 65535
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "write_u_word_s"
+    address: 0x02
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD_S
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 65535
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "write_s_word"
@@ -239,6 +273,14 @@ number:
     value_type: S_WORD
     min_value: -16777215
     max_value: 16777215
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
+    name: "write_s_word_s"
+    address: 0x04
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: S_WORD_S
+    min_value: -16777215
+    max_value: 16777215
   - platform: modbus_controller
     modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_1
     name: "write_u_dword"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e998861c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-srv-rw
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    injections:
+      # FC 0x17 Read/Write Multiple Registers on device 1:
+      #   write reg 0x0001 = 0x1234 (qty 1), then read regs 0x0001..0x0002 (qty 2).
+      # Per Modbus 6.17 the write is performed before the read, so reg 0x0001 must
+      # read back the just-written 0x1234 in the same request.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx:
+          [0x01, 0x17, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34, 0x49, 0xD8]
+      # FC 0x17: write reg 0x0003 = 0x5678 (qty 1), then read reg 0x0003 (qty 1) -
+      # a write and read targeting a different register block.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx:
+          [0x01, 0x17, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9B, 0x10]
+
+globals:
+  - id: stored_1
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: stored_3
+    type: uint16_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  role: server
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    registers:
+      # Writable + readable register backed by a global. The read publishes what it
+      # returns so the test can confirm the write half ran before the read half.
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(rw_read_1).publish_state(id(stored_1));
+          return id(stored_1);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(stored_1) = x;
+          id(rw_write_1).publish_state(x);
+          return true;
+      # Read-only register, read together with 0x01 by the first request's 2-register read.
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(rw_read_2).publish_state(0x00AA);
+          return 0x00AA;
+      # Second writable + readable register, targeted by the second request.
+      - address: 0x03
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(rw_read_3).publish_state(id(stored_3));
+          return id(stored_3);
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(stored_3) = x;
+          id(rw_write_3).publish_state(x);
+          return true;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_write_1"
+    id: rw_write_1
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_read_1"
+    id: rw_read_1
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_read_2"
+    id: rw_read_2
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_write_3"
+    id: rw_write_3
+  - platform: template
+    name: "rw_read_3"
+    id: rw_read_3
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3c091d67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-srv-rw-inv
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    injections:
+      # Malformed FC 0x17 Read/Write Multiple Registers, otherwise well formed (valid CRC): write
+      # quantity 2 but byte count 2 (2 registers need 4 bytes), i.e. byte count != 2x write quantity.
+      # The hub must reject it (ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE) before touching any register.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx:
+          [0x01, 0x17, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34, 0x09, 0x89]
+      # A valid FC 0x03 read of reg 0x0A injected afterwards. Its read_lambda fires the "probe"
+      # sensor, which (because injections run in order) signals the malformed frame was processed.
+      - delay: 100ms
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4, 0x08]
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  role: server
+
+modbus_server:
+  - address: 1
+    registers:
+      # The malformed request's write half spans 0x01-0x02. Both are registered so modbus_server's
+      # address pre-flight cannot reject the frame on its own: if the hub wrongly accepted it, these
+      # write_lambdas would fire the "write_seen" sensor.
+      - address: 0x01
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 0;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(write_seen).publish_state(1);
+          return true;
+      - address: 0x02
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: return 0;
+        write_lambda: |-
+          id(write_seen).publish_state(1);
+          return true;
+      # Processing probe: a valid read of this register fires after the malformed frame.
+      - address: 0x0A
+        value_type: U_WORD
+        read_lambda: |-
+          id(probe).publish_state(1);
+          return 1;
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "write_seen"
+    id: write_seen
+  - platform: template
+    name: "probe"
+    id: probe
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: "id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..109603f3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_shared_address.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-shared
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    responses:
+      # Three sensors, one frame. At 0x9001 a U_WORD (1 register) and a U_DWORD (2 registers) share the
+      # start address but cannot merge, so the range widens to count 2. A third sensor at 0x9002 falls
+      # inside the widened range and must read its slice of the same response rather than splitting into
+      # a second overlapping poll. The single expect_tx pins the "one frame on the wire" contract - any
+      # duplicate or overlapping range would put an extra frame on the bus and fail to match.
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x90, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0xB8, 0xCB] # Read holding 0x9001 count 2 on device 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x03, 0x97, 0x02, 0x91, 0x8B, 0x57] # 0x9001=0x0397, 0x9002=0x0291
+      # A force_new_range sensor at a HIGH address (0x30) sorts before the plain sensor at a LOW address
+      # (0x10). The two must poll as separate ranges: the covered branch's lower-bound check prevents the
+      # 0x10 sensor from being absorbed into the forced 0x30 range with a wrapped byte offset.
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01, 0x84, 0x05] # Read holding 0x30 count 1 (forced range)
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11, 0x79, 0xD8] # 0x30 = 0x0111 = 273
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x85, 0xCF] # Read holding 0x10 count 1 (own range)
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x22, 0x39, 0x3D] # 0x10 = 0x0222 = 546
+      # A wide sensor (U_QWORD at 0x100, 4 registers) followed by plain sensors at 0x101 and 0x103.
+      # None of them merge, so all three poll separately - exactly as before the range refactor. The
+      # 0x103 sensor sits at the wide range's tail address, so it must not anchor a re-use join on a
+      # mid-range predecessor and inherit its byte offset.
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x45, 0xF5] # Read holding 0x100 count 4
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x94, 0x3C] # = 100
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xD4, 0x36] # Read holding 0x101 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x41, 0x79, 0xE4] # 0x101 = 0x0141 = 321
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x75, 0xF6] # Read holding 0x103 count 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0xA5, 0x79, 0xAF] # 0x103 = 0x01A5 = 421
+      # Two sensors sharing start address 0x200 (a word and a dword) widen the range to 2 registers
+      # and both decode from the single response.
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC5, 0xB3] # Read holding 0x200 count 2
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x01, 0x41, 0x00, 0x02, 0x2A, 0x1A] # 0x200=0x0141, 0x201=0x0002
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  send_wait_time: 200ms
+  turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+modbus_controller:
+  - address: 1
+    id: modbus_controller_ok
+    max_cmd_retries: 2
+    update_interval: never
+
+sensor:
+  # Word sensor at 0x9001 (1 register)
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "shared_word"
+    address: 0x9001
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # Dword sensor at the SAME address 0x9001 (2 registers) - non-mergeable, shares the range start
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "shared_dword"
+    address: 0x9001
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # Word sensor at 0x9002 - inside the widened range, reads bytes 2-3 of the same response
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "covered_word"
+    address: 0x9002
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # Forced sensor at a high address: sorts first, opens its own isolated range
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "forced_high"
+    address: 0x30
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    force_new_range: true
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # Plain sensor at a lower address: must get its own range, never absorbed into the forced one
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "plain_low"
+    address: 0x10
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # Wide sensor spanning 0x100-0x103; the two sensors below sit inside its span but do not merge
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "wide_qword"
+    address: 0x100
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_QWORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "inside_wide"
+    address: 0x101
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # At the wide range's tail address: must decode its own poll, not inherit a mid-range byte offset
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "tail_of_wide"
+    address: 0x103
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  # Shared address 0x200: the dword widens the range the word opened (or vice versa)
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "widen_word"
+    address: 0x200
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_WORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "widen_dword"
+    address: 0x200
+    register_type: holding
+    value_type: U_DWORD
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();
+          id(modbus_controller_ok).set_update_interval(1000);
+          id(modbus_controller_ok).start_poller();
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/use_address_runtime.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/use_address_runtime.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29f3369285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/use_address_runtime.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+esphome:
+  name: use-address-runtime
+
+host:
+
+api:
+
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/use_address_runtime_mac_suffix.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/use_address_runtime_mac_suffix.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9785724cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/use_address_runtime_mac_suffix.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+esphome:
+  name: use-address-mac
+  name_add_mac_suffix: true
+
+host:
+
+api:
+
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/wait_until_reentrant_restart.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/wait_until_reentrant_restart.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..337d0de837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/wait_until_reentrant_restart.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+esphome:
+  name: wait-until-reentrant-restart
+
+host:
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: start_self_restart
+      then:
+        - script.execute: retry_script
+    - action: start_stop_during_wait
+      then:
+        - globals.set:
+            id: gate_open
+            value: 'false'
+        # num 0 is a blocker: its condition never becomes true, so it is still
+        # waiting (already checked and set aside) when num 1 stops the script -
+        # it must be cancelled, not restored, so its timeout must never fire
+        - script.execute:
+            id: waiter
+            num: 0
+        - script.execute:
+            id: waiter
+            num: 1
+        - script.execute:
+            id: waiter
+            num: 2
+        - script.execute:
+            id: waiter
+            num: 3
+        # Give all three instances time to queue in the same wait_until
+        - delay: 100ms
+        - globals.set:
+            id: gate_open
+            value: 'true'
+        - delay: 200ms
+        - logger.log: "stop test complete"
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+globals:
+  - id: attempt
+    type: int
+    initial_value: '0'
+  - id: gate_open
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: 'false'
+
+script:
+  # Self-restart retry pattern: when the wait_until times out, the rest of the
+  # script runs synchronously from inside the wait queue processing and restarts
+  # this same script - re-entering the same WaitUntilAction while it is still
+  # processing its queue. This used to corrupt the queue and crash.
+  - id: retry_script
+    mode: restart
+    then:
+      - wait_until:
+          condition:
+            lambda: 'return false;'
+          timeout: 20ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(attempt) += 1;
+          ESP_LOGD("test", "attempt %d done", id(attempt));
+      - if:
+          condition:
+            lambda: 'return id(attempt) < 5;'
+          then:
+            - script.execute: retry_script
+          else:
+            - logger.log: "retry test complete"
+
+  # Parallel waiters all queued in the same wait_until; the first one to pass the
+  # gate stops the script from its continuation, cancelling the other waiters
+  # while the queue is still being processed.
+  - id: waiter
+    mode: parallel
+    parameters:
+      num: int
+    then:
+      - wait_until:
+          condition:
+            lambda: 'return num != 0 && id(gate_open);'
+          timeout: 1s
+      - lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("test", "gate passed %d", num);'
+      - script.stop: waiter
diff --git a/tests/integration/host_prefs.py b/tests/integration/host_prefs.py
index f835bee3bc..c7f21d8a01 100644
--- a/tests/integration/host_prefs.py
+++ b/tests/integration/host_prefs.py
@@ -25,15 +25,25 @@ def clear_host_prefs(device_name: str) -> None:
     host_prefs_path(device_name).unlink(missing_ok=True)
 
 
+def write_host_prefs(device_name: str, entries: dict[int, bytes]) -> Path:
+    """Write preference entries, replacing the file's contents.
+
+    Returns the path that was written.
+    """
+    payload = b""
+    for key, data in entries.items():
+        if len(data) > 255:
+            raise ValueError(f"Preference data too long: {len(data)} bytes (max 255)")
+        payload += struct.pack("<IB", key, len(data)) + data
+    path = host_prefs_path(device_name)
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_bytes(payload)
+    return path
+
+
 def write_host_pref(device_name: str, key: int, data: bytes) -> Path:
     """Write a single preference entry, replacing the file's contents.
 
     Returns the path that was written.
     """
-    if len(data) > 255:
-        raise ValueError(f"Preference data too long: {len(data)} bytes (max 255)")
-    path = host_prefs_path(device_name)
-    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    payload = struct.pack("<IB", key, len(data)) + data
-    path.write_bytes(payload)
-    return path
+    return write_host_prefs(device_name, {key: data})
diff --git a/tests/integration/online_image_utils.py b/tests/integration/online_image_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02f0023cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/online_image_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Shared fixture server and log helpers for the online_image integration tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import re
+
+# black 8x8 RGB BMP, generated with
+#   from PIL import Image
+#   from io import BytesIO
+#   b = BytesIO()
+#   img = Image.new("RGB", (8, 8))
+#   img.save(b, format="BMP")
+#   b.getvalue()
+BMP_IMAGE = b"BM\xf6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x006\x00\x00\x00(\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+LEN_BMP_IMAGE = len(BMP_IMAGE)
+
+
+async def wait_for_download(
+    downloaded_bytes_future: asyncio.Future,
+    server_error_future: asyncio.Future,
+) -> int:
+    """Await the downloaded byte count, raising a server handler error first."""
+    await asyncio.wait(
+        {downloaded_bytes_future, server_error_future},
+        return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+    )
+    if server_error_future.done() and (exc := server_error_future.exception()):
+        raise exc
+    # Retrieve a late teardown error so asyncio does not log it at GC
+    server_error_future.add_done_callback(lambda f: f.exception())
+    return downloaded_bytes_future.result()
+
+
+def make_download_watcher(
+    downloaded_bytes_future: asyncio.Future,
+    download_finished_future: asyncio.Future,
+) -> Callable[[str], None]:
+    """Build a line callback resolving the futures from the device log."""
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if (
+            match := re.search(r"Image fully downloaded, (\d+) bytes", line)
+        ) and not downloaded_bytes_future.done():
+            downloaded_bytes_future.set_result(int(match.group(1)))
+        if "download finished" in line and not download_finished_future.done():
+            download_finished_future.set_result(True)
+
+    return check_output
+
+
+def handle_http(
+    http_request_future,
+    content_type: str = "text/plain",
+    *,
+    request_path: str = "/foo.bmp",
+    request_line_consumed: bool = False,
+    server_error_future: asyncio.Future | None = None,
+):
+    async def handler(reader, writer):
+        try:
+            # Only read the request line if it hasn't been consumed by a caller
+            if not request_line_consumed:
+                async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                    data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
+
+                expected_request = f"GET {request_path} HTTP/1.1\r\n".encode()
+                assert data[: len(expected_request)] == expected_request
+
+            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
+
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_result(True)
+
+            http_response = [
+                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK",
+                b"Content-Length: %d" % LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+                f"Content-Type: {content_type}".encode(),
+                b"Connection: close",
+                b"",
+                b"",
+            ]
+            writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
+            await writer.drain()
+
+            writer.write(BMP_IMAGE)
+
+            await writer.drain()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if server_error_future is not None and not server_error_future.done():
+                server_error_future.set_exception(exc)
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            writer.close()
+
+    return handler
+
+
+def handle_http_redirect(
+    http_request_future, final_request_future, server_error_future, port_holder
+):
+    async def handler(reader, writer):
+        try:
+            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                request = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
+
+            if (
+                request[: len(b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n")]
+                == b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+            ):
+                if not http_request_future.done():
+                    http_request_future.set_result(True)
+                async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                    await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
+
+                http_response = [
+                    b"HTTP/1.1 302 Found",
+                    f"Location: http://127.0.0.1:{port_holder['port']}/final.bmp".encode(),
+                    b"Content-Type: text/html",
+                    b"Content-Length: 0",
+                    b"Connection: close",
+                    b"",
+                    b"",
+                ]
+                writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
+                await writer.drain()
+                return
+
+            assert (
+                request[: len(b"GET /final.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n")]
+                == b"GET /final.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+            )
+            if not final_request_future.done():
+                final_request_future.set_result(True)
+            await handle_http(
+                final_request_future,
+                "image/bmp",
+                request_path="/final.bmp",
+                request_line_consumed=True,
+                server_error_future=server_error_future,
+            )(reader, writer)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Route handler failures to the dedicated error future so they're not silently lost
+            if not server_error_future.done():
+                server_error_future.set_exception(exc)
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            if not final_request_future.done():
+                final_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            writer.close()
+
+    return handler
diff --git a/tests/integration/raw_api_client.py b/tests/integration/raw_api_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dbe40933c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/raw_api_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""Minimal plaintext native-api client over a raw socket.
+
+Reads only when told to, so tests control when the TCP pipe backs up toward
+the device; payloads are skipped and only message types are counted.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections import Counter
+import socket
+from typing import Self
+
+from aioesphomeapi import api_pb2
+import aioesphomeapi.core as api_core
+from google.protobuf import message
+
+from .const import LOCALHOST
+
+# Message type ids are protocol constants; derive them from aioesphomeapi so
+# they cannot drift from the client library in use.
+MESSAGE_TYPE_OF = {cls: num for num, cls in api_core.MESSAGE_TYPE_TO_PROTO.items()}
+
+_READ_CHUNK = 4096
+
+
+def encode_varint(value: int) -> bytes:
+    out = bytearray()
+    while True:
+        byte = value & 0x7F
+        value >>= 7
+        if value:
+            out.append(byte | 0x80)
+        else:
+            out.append(byte)
+            return bytes(out)
+
+
+def decode_varint(buf: bytearray, pos: int) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
+    """Decode one varint at pos; return (value, new_pos) or None if short."""
+    value = shift = 0
+    while pos < len(buf):
+        byte = buf[pos]
+        pos += 1
+        value |= (byte & 0x7F) << shift
+        if not byte & 0x80:
+            return value, pos
+        shift += 7
+    return None
+
+
+def encode_frame(msg_type: int, payload: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """Encode one plaintext api frame: 0x00, payload length, message type."""
+    return b"\x00" + encode_varint(len(payload)) + encode_varint(msg_type) + payload
+
+
+class FrameParser:
+    """Incremental parser for the plaintext api frame stream."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._buf = bytearray()
+
+    def feed(self, data: bytes) -> list[int]:
+        self._buf.extend(data)
+        types: list[int] = []
+        while (msg_type := self._try_parse()) is not None:
+            types.append(msg_type)
+        return types
+
+    def _try_parse(self) -> int | None:
+        buf = self._buf
+        if not buf:
+            return None
+        assert buf[0] == 0, f"expected plaintext frame, got indicator {buf[0]}"
+        if (size_decoded := decode_varint(buf, 1)) is None:
+            return None
+        size, pos = size_decoded
+        if (type_decoded := decode_varint(buf, pos)) is None:
+            return None
+        msg_type, pos = type_decoded
+        if len(buf) - pos < size:
+            return None
+        del buf[: pos + size]
+        return msg_type
+
+
+class RawApiClient:
+    """Plaintext api client whose reads happen only on request."""
+
+    def __init__(self, port: int, recv_buffer_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._port = port
+        self._parser = FrameParser()
+        self.bytes_received = 0
+        self.frame_counts: Counter[int] = Counter()
+        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        try:
+            if recv_buffer_size is not None:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, recv_buffer_size)
+                # Kernels may round up (Linux doubles) but must not clamp below
+                applied = sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF)
+                assert applied >= recv_buffer_size, (
+                    f"SO_RCVBUF clamped to {applied}, requested {recv_buffer_size}"
+                )
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+        except Exception:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+        self._sock = sock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    async def connect(self, client_info: str = "raw-api-client") -> None:
+        """Connect and complete the Hello handshake (no auth step since 2026.1.0)."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        await loop.sock_connect(self._sock, (LOCALHOST, self._port))
+        hello = api_pb2.HelloRequest()
+        hello.client_info = client_info
+        hello.api_version_major = 1
+        hello.api_version_minor = 10
+        await self.send_message(hello)
+        await self.read_until_frame(MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[api_pb2.HelloResponse])
+
+    async def send_message(self, msg: message.Message) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        await loop.sock_sendall(
+            self._sock,
+            encode_frame(MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[type(msg)], msg.SerializeToString()),
+        )
+
+    async def read_until_frame(self, msg_type: int, timeout: float = 10.0) -> None:
+        """Read until at least one frame of msg_type has been received."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        async def _read_loop() -> None:
+            while not self.frame_counts[msg_type]:
+                data = await loop.sock_recv(self._sock, _READ_CHUNK)
+                assert data, "server closed the connection unexpectedly"
+                self.bytes_received += len(data)
+                self.frame_counts.update(self._parser.feed(data))
+
+        await asyncio.wait_for(_read_loop(), timeout)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
diff --git a/tests/integration/state_utils.py b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
index 65af57b944..9c0debbc5c 100644
--- a/tests/integration/state_utils.py
+++ b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
@@ -387,8 +387,9 @@ class SensorStateCollector:
 class SensorTracker:
     """Data-driven sensor state tracker with expected-value futures.
 
-    Tracks sensor state updates and resolves futures when sensors report
-    specific expected values. Eliminates per-sensor future boilerplate.
+    Tracks sensor and binary sensor state updates and resolves futures when
+    they report specific expected values. Eliminates per-sensor future
+    boilerplate.
 
     Usage::
 
@@ -419,20 +420,32 @@ class SensorTracker:
         """Call ``expect`` for every entry and return a dict of futures."""
         return {name: self.expect(name, value) for name, value in expected.items()}
 
-    def on_state(self, state: EntityState) -> None:
-        """State callback suitable for ``subscribe_states``."""
-        if not isinstance(state, SensorState) or state.missing_state:
+    def on_state(self, state: EntityState, first_pending_only: bool = False) -> None:
+        """State callback suitable for ``subscribe_states``.
+
+        Args:
+            state: The state update to record
+            first_pending_only: Only allow the first pending expectation for this
+                sensor to match, instead of the first matching one. Used for
+                connect-time states so they cannot satisfy a later phase.
+        """
+        if (
+            not isinstance(state, (SensorState, BinarySensorState))
+            or state.missing_state
+        ):
             return
         sensor_name = self.key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
         if not sensor_name or sensor_name not in self.sensor_states:
             return
         self.sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
         for expected_value, future in self._expectations.get(sensor_name, []):
-            if not future.done() and (
-                expected_value is self._ANY or state.state == expected_value
-            ):
+            if future.done():
+                continue
+            if expected_value is self._ANY or state.state == expected_value:
                 future.set_result(True)
                 break
+            if first_pending_only:
+                break
 
     async def await_change(
         self, future: asyncio.Future, name: str, timeout: float = 2.0
@@ -470,8 +483,22 @@ class SensorTracker:
         for name, future in futures.items():
             await self.await_change(future, name, timeout=timeout)
 
-    async def setup_and_start_scenario(self, client) -> list:
-        """Wire up subscriptions, wait for initial states, press Start Scenario."""
+    async def setup_and_start_scenario(
+        self, client: APIClient, match_initial_states: bool = False
+    ) -> list[EntityInfo]:
+        """Wire up subscriptions, wait for initial states, press Start Scenario.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The connected API client
+            match_initial_states: Also match expectations against the states the
+                device sends when the client connects, so a value published before
+                the client subscribed still counts. Binary sensors need this: they
+                drop repeats, so a value that lands in the connect-time dump is
+                never sent again. Plain sensors publish on every poll, so there it
+                only saves waiting for the next one. Only the first pending
+                expectation per sensor can match, so a connect-time value cannot
+                satisfy a later phase.
+        """
         entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
         self.key_to_sensor.update(
             build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, list(self.sensor_states.keys()))
@@ -484,6 +511,9 @@ class SensorTracker:
             import pytest
 
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+        if match_initial_states:
+            for state in initial_state_helper.initial_states.values():
+                self.on_state(state, first_pending_only=True)
         start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
         assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
         client.button_command(start_btn.key)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py b/tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c90380607f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Integration test for GetTimeResponse parsed_timezone presence handling."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from aioesphomeapi import connection as api_connection
+from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import GetTimeResponse
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import SensorTracker, build_key_to_entity_mapping
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# 2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
+EPOCH = 1704067200
+# POSIX offsets are positive west of UTC, so UTC+7 is -25200 and UTC-5 is 18000
+UTC_PLUS_7 = -25200
+UTC_MINUS_5 = 18000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_get_time_response_timezone(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A present parsed_timezone is applied even when all zero; an absent one is ignored."""
+    # The client answers the device's own GetTimeRequest with the host timezone;
+    # strip the parsed field from that reply so only the messages sent below
+    # can change the device timezone.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(api_connection, "_build_parsed_tz_proto", lambda tz: None)
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        tracker = SensorTracker(["tz_offset"])
+        tracker.key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, ["tz_offset"])
+        client.subscribe_states(tracker.on_state)
+
+        await tracker.await_change(tracker.expect_any("tz_offset"), "tz_offset")
+        initial = tracker.sensor_states["tz_offset"][-1]
+        # Pick a zone that differs from the codegen default so the change is visible
+        target = UTC_PLUS_7 if initial != UTC_PLUS_7 else UTC_MINUS_5
+
+        # Present, non-zero: applied
+        future = tracker.expect("tz_offset", target)
+        resp = GetTimeResponse(epoch_seconds=EPOCH)
+        resp.parsed_timezone.std_offset_seconds = target
+        resp.parsed_timezone.dst_offset_seconds = target
+        client._connection.send_messages((resp,))
+        await tracker.await_change(future, "tz_offset")
+
+        # Absent (legacy client with only the deprecated string): ignored, and in
+        # particular not mistaken for an all-zero UTC zone
+        future = tracker.expect("tz_offset", 0)
+        resp = GetTimeResponse(epoch_seconds=EPOCH, timezone="UTC0")
+        client._connection.send_messages((resp,))
+        await tracker.await_must_not_change(future, "tz_offset", timeout=1.0)
+        assert tracker.sensor_states["tz_offset"][-1] == target
+        # Retire the expectation so it cannot swallow the first matching state
+        # meant for the next phase
+        future.cancel()
+
+        # Present but all zero (genuine UTC): applied
+        future = tracker.expect("tz_offset", 0)
+        resp = GetTimeResponse(epoch_seconds=EPOCH)
+        resp.parsed_timezone.SetInParent()
+        client._connection.send_messages((resp,))
+        await tracker.await_change(future, "tz_offset")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.py b/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e7594e0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""Integration test for Home Assistant actions fired without a subscriber.
+
+Home Assistant subscribes to device actions shortly after authenticating, while
+on_client_connected (and similar triggers) fire right at authentication. Actions
+fired before any client has subscribed cannot be delivered - they must produce a
+warning in the log instead of vanishing silently.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, HomeassistantServiceCall
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Undeliverable actions warn in the log; actions after subscribing arrive."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    boot_warning_future = loop.create_future()
+    connected_warning_future = loop.create_future()
+    button_action_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if (
+            not boot_warning_future.done()
+            and "Home Assistant action 'test.boot_action' dropped; no client connected"
+            in line
+        ):
+            boot_warning_future.set_result(True)
+        if (
+            not connected_warning_future.done()
+            and "Home Assistant action 'test.connected_action' dropped; "
+            "client has not subscribed to actions (yet)"
+            in line
+        ):
+            connected_warning_future.set_result(True)
+
+    service_calls: list[HomeassistantServiceCall] = []
+
+    def on_service_call(service_call: HomeassistantServiceCall) -> None:
+        service_calls.append(service_call)
+        if (
+            service_call.service == "test.button_action"
+            and not button_action_future.done()
+        ):
+            button_action_future.set_result(service_call)
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output):
+        # The on_boot action fires with no client connected at all.
+        await asyncio.wait_for(boot_warning_future, timeout=10.0)
+
+        async with api_client_connected() as client:
+            device_info = await client.device_info()
+            assert device_info.name == "test-ha-action-no-subscriber"
+
+            # on_client_connected fired at authentication, before this client
+            # subscribed to Home Assistant actions.
+            await asyncio.wait_for(connected_warning_future, timeout=5.0)
+
+            # After subscribing, actions must be delivered normally (and the
+            # dropped ones must not suddenly show up).
+            client.subscribe_service_calls(on_service_call)
+
+            entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+            button = next(e for e in entities if isinstance(e, ButtonInfo))
+            client.button_command(button.key)
+
+            button_call = await asyncio.wait_for(button_action_future, timeout=5.0)
+            assert button_call.data == {"value": "subscribed"}
+            assert [call.service for call in service_calls] == ["test.button_action"]
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py b/tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9df6c7a298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""A client that stops reading the entity listing must not starve other clients.
+
+Service responses are sent directly (not via the deferred batch), so a full
+TCP pipe makes the send path refuse; the drive loop now lives in
+try_advance(), which stops on refusal instead of retrying forever. Not a
+before/after regression test: pre-fix builds survive here because the
+refusal path yields and pumps the socket each retry.
+
+The sndbuf_pin_component fixture pins the device's send buffers so the pipe
+fills deterministically regardless of kernel autotuning; the test waits for
+its log line before proceeding.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+from aioesphomeapi import api_pb2
+import pytest
+
+from .raw_api_client import MESSAGE_TYPE_OF, RawApiClient
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+SERVICES_RESPONSE = MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[api_pb2.ListEntitiesServicesResponse]
+LIST_DONE_RESPONSE = MESSAGE_TYPE_OF[api_pb2.ListEntitiesDoneResponse]
+
+# Both ends of the pipe are pinned small; only tens of KB fit in the kernel
+RECV_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096
+SERVER_SNDBUF = 8192  # substituted into the fixture yaml
+# Logged by the sndbuf_pin_component fixture when it pins a socket
+SNDBUF_PIN_LOG = "SO_SNDBUF pinned to"
+# One response (~6.4 KB) must stay smaller than the pinned send buffer; an
+# oversized message parks in the overflow buffer and reports as sent.
+ARGS_PER_SERVICE = 8
+ARG_NAME_LEN = 800
+# ~160 KB listing versus a tens-of-KB pipe guarantees a mid-services block
+NUM_SERVICES = 25
+assert ARGS_PER_SERVICE * ARG_NAME_LEN < SERVER_SNDBUF
+# The pipe fills in well under a second
+STALL_SECONDS = 0.5
+# Well above pipe capacity, well below the listing size
+MIN_DRAINED_BYTES = 60_000
+
+
+def _generated_actions() -> str:
+    """Build the api actions block: services with long argument names."""
+    lines: list[str] = []
+    for i in range(NUM_SERVICES):
+        lines.append(f"    - action: backpressure_service_{i:04d}")
+        lines.append("      variables:")
+        for j in range(ARGS_PER_SERVICE):
+            prefix = f"arg_{i:04d}_{j:02d}_"
+            lines.append(
+                f"        {prefix}{'x' * (ARG_NAME_LEN - len(prefix))}: string"
+            )
+        lines.append("      then:")
+        lines.append("        - logger.log: service called")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_list_entities_backpressure(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    unused_tcp_port: int,
+) -> None:
+    """A stalled reader mid-services must not block other api clients."""
+    assert "# GENERATED_ACTIONS" in yaml_config
+    config = yaml_config.replace("# GENERATED_ACTIONS", _generated_actions())
+    config = config.replace("SERVER_SNDBUF", str(SERVER_SNDBUF))
+
+    pin_applied = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def _on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        if SNDBUF_PIN_LOG in line:
+            pin_applied.set()
+
+    async with run_compiled(config, line_callback=_on_log_line):
+        # Fails loudly if the pin never applied
+        await asyncio.wait_for(pin_applied.wait(), 10)
+
+        async with RawApiClient(
+            unused_tcp_port, recv_buffer_size=RECV_BUFFER_SIZE
+        ) as stalled:
+            await stalled.connect(client_info="backpressure-stall-client")
+            await stalled.send_message(api_pb2.ListEntitiesRequest())
+            # The client now stops reading entirely.
+
+            # Let the server run against the full pipe
+            await asyncio.sleep(STALL_SECONDS)
+
+            # Other clients must still be served while the first is blocked
+            async with api_client_connected(timeout=20) as client:
+                device_info = await asyncio.wait_for(client.device_info(), 20)
+                assert device_info.name == "api-backpressure-test"
+                _, services = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    client.list_entities_services(), 30
+                )
+                assert len(services) == NUM_SERVICES
+
+            # Fixture-size guard: the listing must dwarf the pinned pipe
+            before = stalled.bytes_received
+            await stalled.read_until_frame(LIST_DONE_RESPONSE, timeout=60)
+            drained = stalled.bytes_received - before
+            assert drained > MIN_DRAINED_BYTES, (
+                f"only {drained} bytes drained; the listing never backed up"
+            )
+            assert stalled.frame_counts[SERVICES_RESPONSE] == NUM_SERVICES
+            assert stalled.frame_counts[LIST_DONE_RESPONSE] == 1
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_zero_psk_provisioning.py b/tests/integration/test_api_zero_psk_provisioning.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcea2a2471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_zero_psk_provisioning.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""Integration tests for provisioning the encryption key over a zero-PSK connection.
+
+A device with `api: encryption:` but no key accepts Noise handshakes using the
+well-known all-zeros PSK. The ephemeral X25519 exchange protects the key from
+passive sniffing while it is provisioned; plaintext provisioning still works
+but is deprecated.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import base64
+
+from aioesphomeapi import InvalidEncryptionKeyAPIError, RequiresEncryptionAPIError
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# The well-known provisioning PSK: base64 of 32 zero bytes
+ZERO_PSK = base64.b64encode(bytes(32)).decode()
+# A real key to provision
+NEW_KEY = base64.b64encode(b"n" * 32)
+# Time for the device to activate a newly saved key (100ms timer plus margin)
+KEY_ACTIVATION_DELAY = 0.5
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def isolated_preferences(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Keep host preferences per-test so every run starts unprovisioned."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", str(tmp_path / "prefs"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_zero_psk_provisioning(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Exercise the reject paths, then provision a key over the zero-PSK channel."""
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config):
+        # --- Pre-provisioning reject paths (device state is unchanged) ---
+
+        # A wrong (non-zero) PSK fails against the zero provisioning PSK
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidEncryptionKeyAPIError):
+            async with api_client_connected(
+                noise_psk=base64.b64encode(b"w" * 32).decode(), timeout=5
+            ) as client:
+                await client.device_info()
+
+        # A plaintext client and a zero-PSK client can be connected at the
+        # same time while the device is unprovisioned
+        async with (
+            api_client_connected() as plaintext_client,
+            api_client_connected(noise_psk=ZERO_PSK) as noise_client,
+        ):
+            plaintext_info = await plaintext_client.device_info()
+            noise_info = await noise_client.device_info()
+            # Both transports advertise provisioning support so old and new
+            # clients can decide how to provision
+            assert plaintext_info.api_encryption_provisionable is True
+            assert noise_info.api_encryption_provisionable is True
+
+            # The all-zeros key is reserved as the provisioning PSK and is
+            # rejected on both transports
+            zero_key = base64.b64encode(bytes(32))
+            assert await noise_client.noise_encryption_set_key(zero_key) is False
+            assert await plaintext_client.noise_encryption_set_key(zero_key) is False
+
+        # --- Provision over the zero-PSK channel ---
+
+        # The unprovisioned device accepts the all-zeros PSK; the handshake's
+        # ephemeral-ephemeral DH encrypts everything that follows
+        async with api_client_connected(noise_psk=ZERO_PSK) as client:
+            device_info = await client.device_info()
+            assert device_info.name == "zero-psk-provision-test"
+            assert device_info.api_encryption_supported is True
+            assert device_info.api_encryption_provisionable is True
+
+            assert await client.noise_encryption_set_key(NEW_KEY) is True
+
+        # The device activates the new key shortly after responding
+        await asyncio.sleep(KEY_ACTIVATION_DELAY)
+
+        # The new key now works, and the device is no longer provisionable
+        async with api_client_connected(noise_psk=NEW_KEY.decode()) as client:
+            device_info = await client.device_info()
+            assert device_info.name == "zero-psk-provision-test"
+            assert device_info.api_encryption_provisionable is False
+
+        # The zero PSK no longer works
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidEncryptionKeyAPIError):
+            async with api_client_connected(noise_psk=ZERO_PSK, timeout=5) as client:
+                await client.device_info()
+
+        # Plaintext no longer works
+        with pytest.raises(RequiresEncryptionAPIError):
+            async with api_client_connected(timeout=5) as client:
+                await client.device_info()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_zero_psk_provisioning_plaintext(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """The legacy plaintext provisioning path still works and warns."""
+    log_lines: list[str] = []
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=log_lines.append):
+        async with api_client_connected() as client:
+            device_info = await client.device_info()
+            assert device_info.name == "zero-psk-plaintext-test"
+
+            assert await client.noise_encryption_set_key(NEW_KEY) is True
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(KEY_ACTIVATION_DELAY)
+
+        # The deprecation warning was logged
+        assert any("deprecated" in line for line in log_lines)
+
+        # The new key works; the zero PSK does not
+        async with api_client_connected(noise_psk=NEW_KEY.decode()) as client:
+            assert (await client.device_info()).name == "zero-psk-plaintext-test"
+
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidEncryptionKeyAPIError):
+            async with api_client_connected(noise_psk=ZERO_PSK, timeout=5) as client:
+                await client.device_info()
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.py b/tests/integration/test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8b08f2265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Regression test for blocking-warning log time attribution."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+WARN_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"(\S+) took a long time for an operation \((\d+) ms\), max is (\d+) ms"
+)
+COMPLETE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"BLOCKING_WARNING_CASCADE_TEST_COMPLETE total=(\d+)")
+PRIMARY_SOURCES = {"blocking_60", "blocking_90", "blocking_120"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Synchronous warning-log delays must not be charged to the next operation."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    complete = asyncio.Event()
+    warnings: list[tuple[str, int, int]] = []
+    injected_delay_total = 0
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        nonlocal injected_delay_total
+        if match := WARN_PATTERN.search(line):
+            warnings.append((match.group(1), int(match.group(2)), int(match.group(3))))
+        if match := COMPLETE_PATTERN.search(line):
+            injected_delay_total = int(match.group(1))
+            loop.call_soon_threadsafe(complete.set)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        assert await client.device_info() is not None
+        await asyncio.wait_for(complete.wait(), timeout=10.0)
+
+    assert injected_delay_total == 270, (
+        f"Expected 270 ms of injected warning-log delay, got {injected_delay_total} ms"
+    )
+
+    primary_warnings = [
+        warning for warning in warnings if warning[0] in PRIMARY_SOURCES
+    ]
+    assert {warning[0] for warning in primary_warnings} == PRIMARY_SOURCES, (
+        f"Expected one real blocking warning from each test script, got: {warnings}"
+    )
+
+    secondary_warnings = [
+        warning for warning in warnings if warning[0] not in PRIMARY_SOURCES
+    ]
+    assert not secondary_warnings, (
+        "Warning-handler time was incorrectly charged to the next operation: "
+        f"{secondary_warnings}"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py b/tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6819d7a6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Integration test for the camera API flow using a mock camera platform."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+from aioesphomeapi import CameraInfo, CameraState, EntityState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import require_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# Must match image_size in fixtures/camera_mock.yaml
+IMAGE_SIZE = 4096
+STREAM_FRAMES = 3
+
+
+def _verify_frame(data: bytes) -> int:
+    """Verify the deterministic frame pattern and return the frame counter."""
+    assert len(data) == IMAGE_SIZE, f"expected {IMAGE_SIZE} bytes, got {len(data)}"
+    counter = data[0]
+    assert data == bytes((counter + i) & 0xFF for i in range(IMAGE_SIZE)), (
+        "frame pattern mismatch"
+    )
+    return counter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_camera_mock(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Single-image and stream requests deliver reassembled deterministic frames."""
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        camera = require_entity(entities, "mock_camera", CameraInfo)
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        images: list[bytes] = []
+        single_image: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+        stream_done: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if not (isinstance(state, CameraState) and state.key == camera.key):
+                return
+            images.append(bytes(state.data))
+            if not single_image.done():
+                single_image.set_result(None)
+            elif len(images) >= STREAM_FRAMES and not stream_done.done():
+                stream_done.set_result(None)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(on_state)
+
+        # Single image request: one complete frame arrives, reassembled
+        # from multiple chunks (4096 > 1390 byte packets)
+        client.request_single_image()
+        await asyncio.wait_for(single_image, timeout=10)
+        first_counter = _verify_frame(images[0])
+
+        # Stream request: multiple consecutive frames arrive
+        images.clear()
+        client.request_image_stream()
+        await asyncio.wait_for(stream_done, timeout=10)
+
+        # Frames are distinct, ordered, and fresh per the mock's counter.
+        # Not exactly consecutive: the API drops frames by design while the
+        # previous image is still being sent, so allow small gaps.
+        counters = [_verify_frame(img) for img in images[:STREAM_FRAMES]]
+        for prev, cur in zip(counters, counters[1:], strict=False):
+            assert cur != prev, f"duplicate frames: {counters}"
+            assert ((cur - prev) & 0xFF) < 16, f"frames out of order: {counters}"
+        assert counters[0] != first_counter, "stream should produce new frames"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py b/tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab08d5c440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Test that suspending/resuming the preferences IntervalSyncer actually stops/starts flash writes."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, EntityInfo
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+DEVICE_NAME = "test_suspend_resume_device"
+
+
+def find_entity_by_name(
+    entities: list[EntityInfo], entity_type: type, name: str
+) -> Any:
+    """Helper to find an entity by type and name."""
+    return next(
+        (e for e in entities if isinstance(e, entity_type) and e.name == name), None
+    )
+
+
+async def _wait_for(
+    awaitable: Awaitable[Any], message: str, timeout: float = 5.0
+) -> None:
+    """Await a future or coroutine, failing the test with a clear message on timeout."""
+    try:
+        await asyncio.wait_for(awaitable, timeout=timeout)
+    except TimeoutError:
+        pytest.fail(message)
+
+
+async def _poll_until_exists(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Poll for a file to appear, rather than guessing a sleep duration."""
+    while not path.exists():
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def isolated_preferences(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path) -> Path:
+    """Keep host preferences per-test so this test never touches the real
+    ~/.esphome/prefs and never races other tests over ESPHOME_PREFDIR."""
+    prefdir = tmp_path / "prefs"
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", str(prefdir))
+    return prefdir / f"{DEVICE_NAME}.prefs"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_host_preferences_suspend_resume(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    isolated_preferences: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a running syncer flushes, a suspended one doesn't, and resume restores flushing."""
+    pref_file = isolated_preferences
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    saved_in_memory = loop.create_future()
+    syncer_suspended = loop.create_future()
+    syncer_resumed = loop.create_future()
+
+    save_pattern = re.compile(r"Preference saved in memory")
+    suspend_pattern = re.compile(r"Syncer suspended")
+    resume_pattern = re.compile(r"Syncer resumed")
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if save_pattern.search(line) and not saved_in_memory.done():
+            saved_in_memory.set_result(True)
+        if suspend_pattern.search(line) and not syncer_suspended.done():
+            syncer_suspended.set_result(True)
+        if resume_pattern.search(line) and not syncer_resumed.done():
+            syncer_resumed.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        save_button = find_entity_by_name(entities, ButtonInfo, "Save Preference")
+        suspend_button = find_entity_by_name(entities, ButtonInfo, "Suspend Syncer")
+        resume_button = find_entity_by_name(entities, ButtonInfo, "Resume Syncer")
+        assert save_button is not None, "Save Preference button not found"
+        assert suspend_button is not None, "Suspend Syncer button not found"
+        assert resume_button is not None, "Resume Syncer button not found"
+
+        # --- Positive control: a running syncer flushes to disk. Without this,
+        # the suspend assertion below could pass for the wrong reason (e.g. wrong prefs path). ---
+        client.button_command(save_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            saved_in_memory, "Preference was not saved to memory within timeout"
+        )
+        await _wait_for(
+            _poll_until_exists(pref_file),
+            "Running syncer never flushed to disk; positive control failed",
+            timeout=10.0,
+        )
+        saved_in_memory = loop.create_future()
+
+        # --- Suspend: a suspended syncer must not flush. ---
+        client.button_command(suspend_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            syncer_suspended, "Syncer suspend command was not processed within timeout"
+        )
+        # Delete only after suspend is confirmed: the poller is now stopped, so
+        # nothing can recreate the file before the negative assertion below.
+        pref_file.unlink()
+
+        client.button_command(save_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            saved_in_memory, "Preference was not saved to memory within timeout"
+        )
+
+        # Wait well past flash_write_interval (1s): a running syncer would
+        # have flushed to disk by now, a suspended one must not have. This is a
+        # negative assertion (proving absence), so a fixed sleep is unavoidable here.
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.5)
+        assert not pref_file.exists(), (
+            "Suspended syncer flushed to disk; component.suspend did not stop the poller"
+        )
+
+        # --- Resume: flushing must restart. ---
+        client.button_command(resume_button.key)
+        await _wait_for(
+            syncer_resumed, "Syncer resume command was not processed within timeout"
+        )
+        await _wait_for(
+            _poll_until_exists(pref_file),
+            "Resumed syncer never flushed to disk; component.resume did not restart the poller",
+            timeout=10.0,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_light_binary_effect_off_phase.py b/tests/integration/test_light_binary_effect_off_phase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..571fca19f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_light_binary_effect_off_phase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""Integration test verifying the off phase of an effect reaches an ON/OFF-only light.
+
+Regression test for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/17873. A strobe effect
+encodes its dark phase as `brightness = 0` while keeping `state = true`, so that the
+effect keeps running instead of being stopped by an explicit turn-off. On a dimmable
+light that works, because the output is driven by `state * brightness`. On a binary
+light the dark phase used to be dropped, so the output stayed on forever.
+
+Effect ticks are published with `publish: false` (so Home Assistant isn't spammed with
+every frame), so the effect's actual output can't be observed via API state broadcasts.
+Instead, this test reads the output component's log lines, which are written on every
+update regardless of the publish flag.
+
+The output log line is emitted strictly after the API state response: `perform()`
+publishes inline, but the write is deferred to the next `LightState::loop()` iteration
+and then has to cross the subprocess stdout pipe. So a future is armed *before* each
+command and awaited afterwards, rather than reading the last observed value.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, LightState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+OUTPUT_PATTERN = re.compile(r"BINARY_OUTPUT:(YES|NO)")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_binary_effect_off_phase(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A strobe effect must drive a binary light's output both on and off."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    observed: list[bool] = []
+    pending: list[asyncio.Future[bool]] = []
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        if match := OUTPUT_PATTERN.search(line):
+            value = match.group(1) == "YES"
+            observed.append(value)
+            while pending:
+                future = pending.pop(0)
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(value)
+                    break
+
+    def arm_output() -> asyncio.Future[bool]:
+        """Arm a future for the next output write, before sending the command."""
+        future: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+        pending.append(future)
+        return future
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        light = next(e for e in entities if e.object_id == "test_binary_light")
+
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[LightState]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if isinstance(state, LightState) and state.key in state_futures:
+                future = state_futures[state.key]
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(state)
+
+        # ESPHome sends the current state of every entity right after connecting; drain
+        # that initial burst so it can't be mistaken for the response to a command below.
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+        async def send_and_wait(timeout: float = 5.0, **kwargs: Any) -> LightState:
+            """Send a light command and wait for the matching state response."""
+            state_futures[light.key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.light_command(key=light.key, **kwargs)
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[light.key], timeout=timeout)
+
+        # A plain turn-on must drive the output on -- brightness defaults to 100% and
+        # must not be mistaken for a dark phase.
+        output = arm_output()
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=True)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert await asyncio.wait_for(output, timeout=5.0) is True, (
+            "Plain turn-on did not switch the output on"
+        )
+
+        # Run the strobe effect; both phases must reach the output.
+        observed.clear()
+        state = await send_and_wait(effect="Fast Strobe")
+        assert state.effect == "Fast Strobe"
+        # Let several effect cycles run (each phase is 50ms in the fixture).
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.0)
+
+        assert True in observed, (
+            f"Strobe effect never switched the output on -- got {observed}"
+        )
+        assert False in observed, (
+            f"Strobe effect never switched the output off; its dark phase was lost -- "
+            f"got {observed}"
+        )
+
+        # Stopping the effect must leave the light usable.
+        state = await send_and_wait(effect="None")
+        assert state.effect == "None"
+        output = arm_output()
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=True)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert await asyncio.wait_for(output, timeout=5.0) is True, (
+            "Light stayed off after the effect stopped"
+        )
+
+        # An explicit turn-off still switches the output off.
+        output = arm_output()
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=False)
+        assert state.state is False
+        assert await asyncio.wait_for(output, timeout=5.0) is False, (
+            "Turn-off did not switch the output off"
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_binary_zero_brightness_is_recoverable(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Zero brightness on an ON/OFF light must not leave it permanently stuck off.
+
+    An ON/OFF light has no brightness capability, so `turn_on` with 0% brightness has
+    no representable "on but dark" state. It must switch the output off and report the
+    light as off, and a later plain turn-on must bring it back.
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    pending: list[asyncio.Future[bool]] = []
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        if match := OUTPUT_PATTERN.search(line):
+            value = match.group(1) == "YES"
+            while pending:
+                future = pending.pop(0)
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(value)
+                    break
+
+    def arm_output() -> asyncio.Future[bool]:
+        future: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+        pending.append(future)
+        return future
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        light = next(e for e in entities if e.object_id == "test_binary_light")
+
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[LightState]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if isinstance(state, LightState) and state.key in state_futures:
+                future = state_futures[state.key]
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(state)
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+        async def send_and_wait(timeout: float = 5.0, **kwargs: Any) -> LightState:
+            state_futures[light.key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.light_command(key=light.key, **kwargs)
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[light.key], timeout=timeout)
+
+        output = arm_output()
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=True)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert await asyncio.wait_for(output, timeout=5.0) is True
+
+        # Turning on at 0% brightness has no representable "on but dark" state here,
+        # so the light must switch off and report itself as off.
+        output = arm_output()
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=True, brightness=0.0)
+        assert await asyncio.wait_for(output, timeout=5.0) is False, (
+            "Zero brightness did not switch the output off"
+        )
+        assert state.state is False, (
+            "Light reported itself as on while its output was off"
+        )
+
+        # A plain turn-on must recover -- the stored zero brightness must not persist.
+        output = arm_output()
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=True)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert await asyncio.wait_for(output, timeout=5.0) is True, (
+            "Light was left permanently off by a zero-brightness turn-on"
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_light_calls.py b/tests/integration/test_light_calls.py
index 0eaf5af91b..b75e2fac62 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_light_calls.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_light_calls.py
@@ -322,6 +322,49 @@ async def test_light_calls(
         assert state.state is True
         assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.75)
 
+        # Test 31: Setting brightness to 0 without an explicit state implicitly turns
+        # the light off; turning it back on (without an explicit brightness) then
+        # restores full brightness so the light is visible again.
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=True, brightness=0.5)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.5)
+
+        # Brightness 0 with no explicit state -> implicit turn-off
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, brightness=0.0)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.state is False
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.0)
+        # Turning on without an explicit brightness restores it to full brightness
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=True)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(1.0)
+
+        # Test 31b: An explicit turn-on with brightness 0 respects the explicit value and
+        # stays dark. Only a turn-on with no brightness specified (Test 31) restores
+        # visibility -- an explicit brightness request (e.g. from a light effect's dark
+        # phase) is never overridden.
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=True, brightness=0.0)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.0)
+
+        # Test 32: Turning a light on when it already has nonzero brightness leaves
+        # the brightness unchanged (the reset only happens when brightness is 0).
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=True, brightness=0.4)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.4)
+
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=False)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.state is False
+
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=True)
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.4)
+
         # Final cleanup - turn all lights off
         for light in lights:
             client.light_command(
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_light_effect_zero_brightness.py b/tests/integration/test_light_effect_zero_brightness.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c386d4229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_light_effect_zero_brightness.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""Integration test verifying light effects can dim to 0% brightness while staying on.
+
+Regression test for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/17639, where PR #17103's
+"make turn-on visible" logic in LightCall::validate_() also clobbered brightness set by a
+running effect (e.g. pulse, strobe), forcing it back to 100% and breaking the dark phase
+of those effects.
+
+Effect ticks are published with `publish: false` (so Home Assistant isn't spammed with
+every frame), so the effect's actual output can't be observed via API state broadcasts.
+Instead, this test reads the output component's log lines, which are written on every
+update regardless of the publish flag.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, LightState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_effect_zero_brightness(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Pulse and strobe effects must be able to reach 0% brightness while the light stays on."""
+    output_pattern = re.compile(r"PULSE_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    observed: list[float] = []
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        match = output_pattern.search(line)
+        if match:
+            observed.append(float(match.group(1)))
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        light = next(e for e in entities if e.object_id == "test_pulse_light")
+
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[LightState]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if isinstance(state, LightState) and state.key in state_futures:
+                future = state_futures[state.key]
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(state)
+
+        # ESPHome sends the current state of every entity right after connecting; drain
+        # that initial burst so it can't be mistaken for the response to a command below.
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+        async def send_and_wait(timeout: float = 5.0, **kwargs: Any) -> LightState:
+            """Send a light command and wait for the matching state response."""
+            state_futures[light.key] = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+            client.light_command(key=light.key, **kwargs)
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[light.key], timeout=timeout)
+
+        # Turn the light on first so the effect starts from a known, visible state.
+        state = await send_and_wait(state=True, brightness=1.0)
+        assert state.state is True
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(1.0)
+
+        for effect_name in ("Fast Pulse", "Fast Strobe"):
+            observed.clear()
+            state = await send_and_wait(effect=effect_name)
+            assert state.effect == effect_name
+            # Let several effect cycles run (update_interval/duration is 50ms in the fixture).
+            await asyncio.sleep(1.0)
+
+            assert observed, f"No output observed while running effect {effect_name!r}"
+            assert min(observed) == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+                f"Effect {effect_name!r} never dimmed to 0% brightness while the light "
+                f"stayed on -- got min={min(observed):.4f} (values: {observed})"
+            )
+            assert max(observed) > 0.5, (
+                f"Effect {effect_name!r} never reached full brightness -- "
+                f"got max={max(observed):.4f}"
+            )
+
+        client.light_command(key=light.key, effect="None")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py b/tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py
index f1cd96dbf0..657e273fe7 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py
@@ -11,6 +11,14 @@ from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, require_entity
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def isolated_preferences(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Keep host preferences per-test so RESTORE_AND_ON never loads a stale value left
+    behind by a previous run (host preferences otherwise persist to ~/.esphome/prefs,
+    keyed only by device name)."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", str(tmp_path / "prefs"))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_light_initial_state(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -36,3 +44,10 @@ async def test_light_initial_state(
         assert state.red == pytest.approx(1.0, abs=0.01)
         assert state.green == pytest.approx(0.5, abs=0.01)
         assert state.blue == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01)
+
+        # Regression test: RESTORE_AND_ON always forces the light on at boot, even when
+        # the recovered/initial brightness was 0 -- it must never come up on-but-invisible.
+        restore_and_on_light = require_entity(entities, "test_restore_and_on_light")
+        restore_and_on_state = helper.initial_states[restore_and_on_light.key]
+        assert restore_and_on_state.state is True
+        assert restore_and_on_state.brightness == pytest.approx(1.0)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d2f6afd95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Test that online_image AUTO format detection reads the Content-Type header."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .online_image_utils import (
+    LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+    handle_http,
+    make_download_watcher,
+    wait_for_download,
+)
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """AUTO format detection should honor the final response MIME type without explicit format."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    http_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    server_error_future = loop.create_future()
+    download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
+    downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    check_output = make_download_watcher(
+        downloaded_bytes_future, download_finished_future
+    )
+
+    server = await asyncio.start_server(
+        handle_http(
+            http_request_future,
+            "image/bmp",
+            server_error_future=server_error_future,
+        ),
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        0,
+    )
+    http_server_port = server.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+    config = yaml_config.replace("HTTP_PORT", str(http_server_port))
+
+    async with (
+        server,
+        run_compiled(config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "online-image-bmp"
+
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        request_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "fetch_image"), None)
+        assert request_service is not None
+
+        await client.execute_service(request_service, {})
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.1):
+            await http_request_future
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.5):
+            numbytes = await wait_for_download(
+                downloaded_bytes_future, server_error_future
+            )
+            assert numbytes == LEN_BMP_IMAGE
+            await download_finished_future
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fe28ac413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Test that AUTO format detection uses the final Content-Type after redirects."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .online_image_utils import (
+    LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+    handle_http_redirect,
+    make_download_watcher,
+    wait_for_download,
+)
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Redirect hops should not leave the 302 HTML Content-Type in place for the final image."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    http_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    final_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    server_error_future = loop.create_future()
+    download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
+    downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    check_output = make_download_watcher(
+        downloaded_bytes_future, download_finished_future
+    )
+
+    port_holder = {}
+    server = await asyncio.start_server(
+        handle_http_redirect(
+            http_request_future, final_request_future, server_error_future, port_holder
+        ),
+        "127.0.0.1",
+        0,
+    )
+    port_holder["port"] = server.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+    config = yaml_config.replace("HTTP_PORT", str(port_holder["port"]))
+
+    async with (
+        server,
+        run_compiled(config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "online-image-bmp"
+
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        request_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "fetch_image"), None)
+        assert request_service is not None
+
+        await client.execute_service(request_service, {})
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.1):
+            await http_request_future
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.5):
+            await final_request_future
+            numbytes = await wait_for_download(
+                downloaded_bytes_future, server_error_future
+            )
+            assert numbytes == LEN_BMP_IMAGE
+            await download_finished_future
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
index 7c32154fdd..871a97b753 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
@@ -1,62 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-import re
 
 import pytest
 
+from .online_image_utils import LEN_BMP_IMAGE, handle_http, make_download_watcher
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
-# black 8x8 RGB BMP, generated with
-#   from PIL import Image
-#   from io import BytesIO
-#   b = BytesIO()
-#   img = Image.new("RGB", (8, 8))
-#   img.save(b, format="BMP")
-#   b.getvalue()
-BMP_IMAGE = b"BM\xf6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x006\x00\x00\x00(\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
-LEN_BMP_IMAGE = len(BMP_IMAGE)
-
-
-def handle_http(http_request_future):
-    async def handler(reader, writer):
-        try:
-            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
-                data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
-
-            # ensure our request matches the expectation
-            expected_request = b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
-            assert data[: len(expected_request)] == expected_request
-
-            # consume rest of request
-            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
-                data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
-
-            http_request_future.set_result(True)
-
-            http_response = [
-                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK",
-                b"Content-Length: %d" % LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
-                b"Content-Type: text/plain",
-                b"Connection: close",
-                b"",
-                b"",
-            ]
-            writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
-            await writer.drain()
-
-            writer.write(BMP_IMAGE)
-
-            await writer.drain()
-        except Exception as exc:
-            if not http_request_future.done():
-                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
-            raise
-        finally:
-            writer.close()
-
-    return handler
-
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_online_image_bmp(
@@ -72,14 +22,9 @@ async def test_online_image_bmp(
     download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
     downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
 
-    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
-        """Check log output for expected messages."""
-
-        if match := re.search(r"Image fully downloaded, (\d+) bytes", line):
-            downloaded_bytes_future.set_result(int(match.group(1)))
-
-        if "download finished" in line:
-            download_finished_future.set_result(True)
+    check_output = make_download_watcher(
+        downloaded_bytes_future, download_finished_future
+    )
 
     server = await asyncio.start_server(
         handle_http(http_request_future), "127.0.0.1", 0
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py b/tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5704075746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""Integration test for entity preference key stability.
+
+Entity preferences are stored under keys derived from the sanitized object_id
+hash. This test seeds the host preferences file the way existing firmware
+wrote it and verifies the state is restored, proving the key scheme has not
+drifted; a save and reload round trip cannot catch drift because it writes
+and reads with the same code.
+
+The second run also seeds the raw-name-hash entries a 2026.8 beta device left
+behind (see https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/18361) and proves they are
+ignored: the object_id entries win and the beta leftovers are inert.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import socket
+import struct
+
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    NumberInfo,
+    NumberState,
+    SwitchInfo,
+    SwitchState,
+    TextInfo,
+    TextState,
+)
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash, fnv1_hash_name, fnv1_hash_object_id
+
+from .conftest import run_binary_and_wait_for_port, wait_and_connect_api_client
+from .host_prefs import clear_host_prefs, write_host_prefs
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, require_entity
+from .types import CompileFunction, ConfigWriter
+
+DEVICE_NAME = "host-pref-key-stability"
+
+# All entities are on the main device (device_id 0) and their preferences use
+# no version salt, so the key is just the object_id hash.
+SWITCH_KEY = fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Switch")
+NUMBER_KEY = fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Number")
+
+# Raw-name-hash keys as written by 2026.8 beta firmware; never read by this build
+SWITCH_BETA_KEY = fnv1_hash_name("Test Switch")
+NUMBER_BETA_KEY = fnv1_hash_name("Test Number")
+
+# template_text salts its key with the length limits and pattern hash; this must
+# match TemplateText::setup() in template_text.cpp (min_length 0, max_length 20,
+# no pattern configured)
+TEXT_KEY_EXTRA = (0 << 2) + (20 << 4) + (fnv1_hash("") << 6)
+TEXT_KEY = (fnv1_hash_object_id("Test Text") + TEXT_KEY_EXTRA) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+TEXT_BETA_KEY = (fnv1_hash_name("Test Text") + TEXT_KEY_EXTRA) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+# TextSaver<20> stores a length-prefixed buffer of max_length + 1 bytes
+TEXT_MAX_LENGTH = 20
+
+
+def text_pref_payload(value: str) -> bytes:
+    """Build the length-prefixed buffer TextSaver stores for a value."""
+    data = value.encode("utf-8")
+    assert len(data) <= TEXT_MAX_LENGTH
+    return bytes([len(data)]) + data + b"\x00" * (TEXT_MAX_LENGTH - len(data))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_preference_key_stability(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    write_yaml_config: ConfigWriter,
+    compile_esphome: CompileFunction,
+    reserved_tcp_port: tuple[int, socket.socket],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that preferences stored by earlier firmware are restored."""
+    port, port_socket = reserved_tcp_port
+
+    assert SWITCH_KEY != SWITCH_BETA_KEY
+    assert NUMBER_KEY != NUMBER_BETA_KEY
+    assert TEXT_KEY != TEXT_BETA_KEY
+
+    # Write and compile once
+    config_path = await write_yaml_config(yaml_config)
+    binary_path = await compile_esphome(config_path)
+
+    # Release the reserved port so the binary can bind to it
+    port_socket.close()
+
+    async def boot_and_get_initial_states() -> tuple[
+        SwitchState, NumberState, TextState
+    ]:
+        """Boot the binary and return the restored entity states."""
+        async with (
+            run_binary_and_wait_for_port(binary_path, "127.0.0.1", port),
+            wait_and_connect_api_client(port=port) as client,
+        ):
+            device_info = await client.device_info()
+            assert device_info.name == DEVICE_NAME
+
+            entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+            switch_entity = require_entity(
+                entities, "test_switch", SwitchInfo, "Test Switch"
+            )
+            number_entity = require_entity(
+                entities, "test_number", NumberInfo, "Test Number"
+            )
+            text_entity = require_entity(entities, "test_text", TextInfo, "Test Text")
+
+            initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+            client.subscribe_states(
+                initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(lambda s: None)
+            )
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+            switch_state = initial_state_helper.initial_states[switch_entity.key]
+            number_state = initial_state_helper.initial_states[number_entity.key]
+            text_state = initial_state_helper.initial_states[text_entity.key]
+            assert isinstance(switch_state, SwitchState)
+            assert isinstance(number_state, NumberState)
+            assert isinstance(text_state, TextState)
+            return switch_state, number_state, text_state
+
+    try:
+        # --- Run 1: entries under the object_id-hash keys, exactly as any
+        # earlier firmware wrote them. The restored states prove the key
+        # scheme has not drifted.
+        write_host_prefs(
+            DEVICE_NAME,
+            {
+                SWITCH_KEY: b"\x01",  # bool: switch was ON
+                NUMBER_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 42.5),
+                TEXT_KEY: text_pref_payload("hello"),
+            },
+        )
+        switch_state, number_state, text_state = await boot_and_get_initial_states()
+        assert switch_state.state is True, (
+            "Switch state stored under the object_id preference key was lost"
+        )
+        assert number_state.state == 42.5, (
+            "Number value stored under the object_id preference key was lost"
+        )
+        assert text_state.state == "hello", (
+            "Text value stored under the object_id preference key was lost"
+        )
+
+        # --- Run 2: raw-name-hash entries from a 2026.8 beta device present
+        # alongside the object_id entries. The object_id data must win; the
+        # beta entries are never read.
+        write_host_prefs(
+            DEVICE_NAME,
+            {
+                SWITCH_KEY: b"\x01",  # current: ON
+                SWITCH_BETA_KEY: b"\x00",  # beta leftover: OFF
+                NUMBER_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 13.5),  # current
+                NUMBER_BETA_KEY: struct.pack("<f", 99.5),  # beta leftover
+                TEXT_KEY: text_pref_payload("world"),  # current
+                TEXT_BETA_KEY: text_pref_payload("ignored"),  # beta leftover
+            },
+        )
+        switch_state, number_state, text_state = await boot_and_get_initial_states()
+        assert switch_state.state is True, (
+            "Beta raw-name-key data overrode the object_id switch state"
+        )
+        assert number_state.state == 13.5, (
+            "Beta raw-name-key data overrode the object_id number value"
+        )
+        assert text_state.state == "world", (
+            "Beta raw-name-key data overrode the object_id text value"
+        )
+    finally:
+        clear_host_prefs(DEVICE_NAME)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py b/tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py
index c1958db685..3591e3014e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
     # Track counts
     timeout_count = 0
     interval_count = 0
-    retry_count = 0
     defer_count = 0
 
     # Events for each test completion
@@ -32,8 +31,6 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
     component_interval_fired = asyncio.Event()
     zero_id_timeout_fired = asyncio.Event()
     max_id_timeout_fired = asyncio.Event()
-    numeric_retry_done = asyncio.Event()
-    numeric_retry_cancelled = asyncio.Event()
     numeric_defer_7001_fired = asyncio.Event()
     numeric_defer_7002_fired = asyncio.Event()
     numeric_defer_cancelled = asyncio.Event()
@@ -41,11 +38,10 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
 
     # Track interval counts
     numeric_interval_count = 0
-    numeric_retry_count = 0
 
     def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal timeout_count, interval_count, retry_count, defer_count
-        nonlocal numeric_interval_count, numeric_retry_count
+        nonlocal timeout_count, interval_count, defer_count
+        nonlocal numeric_interval_count
 
         # Strip ANSI color codes
         clean_line = re.sub(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*m", "", line)
@@ -97,18 +93,6 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
             max_id_timeout_fired.set()
             timeout_count += 1
 
-        # Check for numeric retry tests
-        elif "Numeric retry 6001 attempt" in clean_line:
-            match = re.search(r"attempt (\d+)", clean_line)
-            if match:
-                numeric_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-
-        elif "Numeric retry 6001 done" in clean_line:
-            numeric_retry_done.set()
-
-        elif "Cancelled numeric retry 6002" in clean_line:
-            numeric_retry_cancelled.set()
-
         # Check for numeric defer tests
         elif "Component numeric defer 7001 fired" in clean_line:
             numeric_defer_7001_fired.set()
@@ -122,14 +106,13 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
         # Check for final results
         elif "Final results" in clean_line:
             match = re.search(
-                r"Timeouts: (\d+), Intervals: (\d+), Retries: (\d+), Defers: (\d+)",
+                r"Timeouts: (\d+), Intervals: (\d+), Defers: (\d+)",
                 clean_line,
             )
             if match:
                 timeout_count = int(match.group(1))
                 interval_count = int(match.group(2))
-                retry_count = int(match.group(3))
-                defer_count = int(match.group(4))
+                defer_count = int(match.group(3))
                 final_results_logged.set()
 
     async with (
@@ -200,23 +183,6 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Max ID timeout did not fire within 0.5 seconds")
 
-        # Wait for numeric retry tests
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(numeric_retry_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Numeric retry 6001 did not complete. Count: {numeric_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert numeric_retry_count >= 2, (
-            f"Expected at least 2 numeric retry attempts, got {numeric_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Verify numeric retry was cancelled
-        assert numeric_retry_cancelled.is_set(), (
-            "Numeric retry 6002 should have been cancelled"
-        )
-
         # Wait for numeric defer tests
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(numeric_defer_7001_fired.wait(), timeout=0.5)
@@ -245,7 +211,4 @@ async def test_scheduler_numeric_id_test(
         assert interval_count >= 3, (
             f"Expected at least 3 interval fires, got {interval_count}"
         )
-        assert retry_count >= 2, (
-            f"Expected at least 2 retry attempts, got {retry_count}"
-        )
         assert defer_count >= 2, f"Expected at least 2 defer fires, got {defer_count}"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_scheduler_retry_test.py b/tests/integration/test_scheduler_retry_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 910034e5bb..0000000000
--- a/tests/integration/test_scheduler_retry_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-"""Test scheduler retry functionality."""
-
-import asyncio
-import re
-
-import pytest
-
-from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_scheduler_retry_test(
-    yaml_config: str,
-    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
-    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
-) -> None:
-    """Test that scheduler retry functionality works correctly."""
-    # Track test progress
-    simple_retry_done = asyncio.Event()
-    backoff_retry_done = asyncio.Event()
-    immediate_done_done = asyncio.Event()
-    cancel_retry_done = asyncio.Event()
-    empty_name_retry_done = asyncio.Event()
-    component_retry_done = asyncio.Event()
-    multiple_name_done = asyncio.Event()
-    const_char_done = asyncio.Event()
-    static_char_done = asyncio.Event()
-    test_complete = asyncio.Event()
-
-    # Track retry counts
-    simple_retry_count = 0
-    backoff_retry_count = 0
-    immediate_done_count = 0
-    cancel_retry_count = 0
-    empty_name_retry_count = 0
-    component_retry_count = 0
-    multiple_name_count = 0
-    const_char_retry_count = 0
-    static_char_retry_count = 0
-
-    # Track specific test results
-    cancel_result = None
-    empty_cancel_result = None
-    backoff_intervals = []
-
-    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal simple_retry_count, backoff_retry_count, immediate_done_count
-        nonlocal cancel_retry_count, empty_name_retry_count, component_retry_count
-        nonlocal multiple_name_count, const_char_retry_count, static_char_retry_count
-        nonlocal cancel_result, empty_cancel_result
-
-        # Strip ANSI color codes
-        clean_line = re.sub(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*m", "", line)
-
-        # Simple retry test
-        if "Simple retry attempt" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(r"Simple retry attempt (\d+)", clean_line):
-                simple_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-
-        elif "Simple retry succeeded on attempt" in clean_line:
-            simple_retry_done.set()
-
-        # Backoff retry test
-        elif "Backoff retry attempt" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(
-                r"Backoff retry attempt (\d+).*interval=(\d+)ms", clean_line
-            ):
-                backoff_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-                interval = int(match.group(2))
-                if backoff_retry_count > 1:  # Skip first (immediate) call
-                    backoff_intervals.append(interval)
-
-        elif "Backoff retry completed" in clean_line:
-            backoff_retry_done.set()
-
-        # Immediate done test
-        elif "Immediate done retry called" in clean_line:
-            immediate_done_count += 1
-            immediate_done_done.set()
-
-        # Cancel retry test
-        elif "Cancel test retry attempt" in clean_line:
-            cancel_retry_count += 1
-
-        elif "Retry cancellation result:" in clean_line:
-            cancel_result = "true" in clean_line
-            cancel_retry_done.set()
-
-        # Empty name retry test
-        elif "Empty name retry attempt" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(r"Empty name retry attempt (\d+)", clean_line):
-                empty_name_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-
-        elif "Empty name retry cancel result:" in clean_line:
-            empty_cancel_result = "true" in clean_line
-
-        elif "Empty name retry ran" in clean_line:
-            empty_name_retry_done.set()
-
-        # Component retry test
-        elif "Component retry attempt" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(r"Component retry attempt (\d+)", clean_line):
-                component_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-                if component_retry_count >= 2:
-                    component_retry_done.set()
-
-        # Multiple same name test
-        elif "Second duplicate retry attempt" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(r"counter=(\d+)", clean_line):
-                multiple_name_count = int(match.group(1))
-                if multiple_name_count >= 20:
-                    multiple_name_done.set()
-
-        # Const char retry test
-        elif "Const char retry" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(r"Const char retry (\d+)", clean_line):
-                const_char_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-                const_char_done.set()
-
-        # Static const char retry test
-        elif "Static const char retry" in clean_line:
-            if match := re.search(r"Static const char retry (\d+)", clean_line):
-                static_char_retry_count = int(match.group(1))
-                static_char_done.set()
-
-        elif "Static cancel result:" in clean_line:
-            # This is part of test 9, but we don't track it separately
-            pass
-
-        # Test completion
-        elif "All retry tests completed" in clean_line:
-            test_complete.set()
-
-    async with (
-        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
-        api_client_connected() as client,
-    ):
-        # Verify we can connect
-        device_info = await client.device_info()
-        assert device_info is not None
-        assert device_info.name == "scheduler-retry-test"
-
-        # Wait for simple retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(simple_retry_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Simple retry test did not complete. Count: {simple_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert simple_retry_count == 2, (
-            f"Expected 2 simple retry attempts, got {simple_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for backoff retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(backoff_retry_done.wait(), timeout=3.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Backoff retry test did not complete. Count: {backoff_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert backoff_retry_count == 4, (
-            f"Expected 4 backoff retry attempts, got {backoff_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Verify backoff intervals (allowing for timing variations)
-        assert len(backoff_intervals) >= 2, (
-            f"Expected at least 2 intervals, got {len(backoff_intervals)}"
-        )
-        if len(backoff_intervals) >= 3:
-            # First interval should be ~50ms (very wide tolerance for heavy system load)
-            assert 20 <= backoff_intervals[0] <= 150, (
-                f"First interval {backoff_intervals[0]}ms not ~50ms"
-            )
-            # Second interval should be ~100ms (50ms * 2.0)
-            assert 50 <= backoff_intervals[1] <= 250, (
-                f"Second interval {backoff_intervals[1]}ms not ~100ms"
-            )
-            # Third interval should be ~200ms (100ms * 2.0)
-            assert 100 <= backoff_intervals[2] <= 500, (
-                f"Third interval {backoff_intervals[2]}ms not ~200ms"
-            )
-
-        # Wait for immediate done test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(immediate_done_done.wait(), timeout=3.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Immediate done test did not complete. Count: {immediate_done_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert immediate_done_count == 1, (
-            f"Expected 1 immediate done call, got {immediate_done_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for cancel retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(cancel_retry_done.wait(), timeout=3.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Cancel retry test did not complete. Count: {cancel_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert cancel_result is True, "Retry cancellation should have succeeded"
-        assert 2 <= cancel_retry_count <= 5, (
-            f"Expected 2-5 cancel retry attempts before cancellation, got {cancel_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for empty name retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(empty_name_retry_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Empty name retry test did not complete. Count: {empty_name_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        # Empty name retry should run at least once before being cancelled
-        assert 1 <= empty_name_retry_count <= 3, (
-            f"Expected 1-3 empty name retry attempts, got {empty_name_retry_count}"
-        )
-        assert empty_cancel_result is True, (
-            "Empty name retry cancel should have succeeded"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for component retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(component_retry_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Component retry test did not complete. Count: {component_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert component_retry_count >= 2, (
-            f"Expected at least 2 component retry attempts, got {component_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for multiple same name test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(multiple_name_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Multiple same name test did not complete. Count: {multiple_name_count}"
-            )
-
-        # Should be 20+ (only second retry should run)
-        assert multiple_name_count >= 20, (
-            f"Expected multiple name count >= 20 (second retry only), got {multiple_name_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for const char retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(const_char_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Const char retry test did not complete. Count: {const_char_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert const_char_retry_count == 1, (
-            f"Expected 1 const char retry call, got {const_char_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for static char retry test
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(static_char_done.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail(
-                f"Static char retry test did not complete. Count: {static_char_retry_count}"
-            )
-
-        assert static_char_retry_count == 1, (
-            f"Expected 1 static char retry call, got {static_char_retry_count}"
-        )
-
-        # Wait for test completion
-        try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(test_complete.wait(), timeout=1.0)
-        except TimeoutError:
-            pytest.fail("Test did not complete within timeout")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_script_queued.py b/tests/integration/test_script_queued.py
index 84c7f950b6..db4621a507 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_script_queued.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_script_queued.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         "stop": {"processed": [], "stop_logged": False},
         "rejection": {"processed": [], "rejections": 0},
         "no_params": {"executions": 0},
+        "boot": {"ended": []},
     }
 
     # Patterns for Test 1: Queue depth
@@ -49,12 +50,21 @@ async def test_script_queued(
     # Patterns for Test 5: No params
     no_params_end = re.compile(r"No params: END")
 
+    # Patterns for boot script (executed twice from on_boot before setup)
+    boot_end = re.compile(r"Boot queued: END (\d+)")
+
+    # Patterns for Test 6: Re-execute after stop
+    after_stop_end = re.compile(r"Stop test: END (\d+)")
+
     # Test completion futures
+    boot_complete = loop.create_future()
     test1_complete = loop.create_future()
     test2_complete = loop.create_future()
     test3_complete = loop.create_future()
     test4_complete = loop.create_future()
     test5_complete = loop.create_future()
+    test5_again_complete = loop.create_future()
+    test6_complete = loop.create_future()
 
     def check_output(line: str) -> None:
         """Check log output for all test messages."""
@@ -122,11 +132,24 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Test 5: No params
         if no_params_end.search(line):
             test_results["no_params"]["executions"] += 1
-            if (
-                test_results["no_params"]["executions"] == 3
-                and not test5_complete.done()
-            ):
-                test5_complete.set_result(True)
+            executions = test_results["no_params"]["executions"]
+            for count, future in ((3, test5_complete), (6, test5_again_complete)):
+                if executions == count and not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(True)
+
+        # Boot script (queued from on_boot before setup)
+        if match := boot_end.search(line):
+            test_results["boot"]["ended"].append(int(match.group(1)))
+            if len(test_results["boot"]["ended"]) == 2 and not boot_complete.done():
+                boot_complete.set_result(True)
+
+        # Test 6: Re-execute after stop
+        if (
+            (match := after_stop_end.search(line))
+            and int(match.group(1)) == 9
+            and not test6_complete.done()
+        ):
+            test6_complete.set_result(True)
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
@@ -135,6 +158,13 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Get services
         _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
 
+        # Boot: both executions from on_boot must complete, including the one
+        # that was queued before QueueingScript::setup() ran
+        await asyncio.wait_for(boot_complete, timeout=2.0)
+        assert sorted(test_results["boot"]["ended"]) == [1, 2], (
+            f"Boot: Expected both on_boot executions to complete, got {sorted(test_results['boot']['ended'])}"
+        )
+
         # Test 1: Queue depth limit
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_queue_depth"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_queue_depth service not found"
@@ -203,3 +233,20 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         assert test_results["no_params"]["executions"] == 3, (
             f"Test 5: Expected 3 executions, got {test_results['no_params']['executions']}"
         )
+
+        # Test 5 again: after the queue fully drained (loop disabled while
+        # idle), executing again must still work
+        test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_no_params"), None)
+        assert test_service is not None, "test_no_params service not found"
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await asyncio.wait_for(test5_again_complete, timeout=2.0)
+        assert test_results["no_params"]["executions"] == 6, (
+            f"Test 5 again: Expected 6 executions total, got {test_results['no_params']['executions']}"
+        )
+
+        # Test 6: a stopped script (queue cleared, loop disabled) must run
+        # again on the next execute; the future resolves only on "END 9"
+        test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_after_stop"), None)
+        assert test_service is not None, "test_after_stop service not found"
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await asyncio.wait_for(test6_complete, timeout=2.0)
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_script_queued_idle_loop.py b/tests/integration/test_script_queued_idle_loop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44f0ab7ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_script_queued_idle_loop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""Test that an idle queued script disables its loop and re-enables on demand."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_script_queued_idle_loop(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Assert the loop state transitions of a queued script via VV logs.
+
+    Expected sequence: the idle script disables its loop on the first
+    iteration after boot, re-enables it when an instance gets queued,
+    and disables it again once the queue drains.
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    loop_state = re.compile(r"\bscript loop (disabled|enabled)\b")
+    script_end = re.compile(r"idle_script: END")
+
+    transitions: list[str] = []
+    end_count = 0
+
+    boot_disabled = loop.create_future()
+    enabled_after_queue = loop.create_future()
+    disabled_after_drain = loop.create_future()
+    runs_complete = loop.create_future()
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        nonlocal end_count
+        if match := loop_state.search(line):
+            transitions.append(match.group(1))
+            if transitions == ["disabled"] and not boot_disabled.done():
+                boot_disabled.set_result(True)
+            elif (
+                transitions == ["disabled", "enabled"]
+                and not enabled_after_queue.done()
+            ):
+                enabled_after_queue.set_result(True)
+            elif (
+                transitions
+                == [
+                    "disabled",
+                    "enabled",
+                    "disabled",
+                ]
+                and not disabled_after_drain.done()
+            ):
+                disabled_after_drain.set_result(True)
+
+        if script_end.search(line):
+            end_count += 1
+            if end_count == 2 and not runs_complete.done():
+                runs_complete.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # The idle script must disable its loop on the first iteration
+        await asyncio.wait_for(boot_disabled, timeout=5.0)
+
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        run_twice = next((s for s in services if s.name == "run_twice"), None)
+        assert run_twice is not None, "run_twice service not found"
+        await client.execute_service(run_twice, {})
+
+        # Queueing the second instance must re-enable the loop
+        await asyncio.wait_for(enabled_after_queue, timeout=2.0)
+        # Both runs must complete and the drained queue must disable it again
+        await asyncio.wait_for(runs_complete, timeout=2.0)
+        await asyncio.wait_for(disabled_after_drain, timeout=2.0)
+
+        assert transitions == ["disabled", "enabled", "disabled"], (
+            f"Unexpected loop state sequence: {transitions}"
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py b/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
index 9d0114e0c4..af8f314f49 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import math
 
 from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, EntityState, SensorState
 import pytest
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
         "filter_baseline_max": [],
         "filter_zero_delta": [],
         "filter_percentage": [],
+        "filter_nan": [],
     }
 
     filter_min_done = loop.create_future()
@@ -32,16 +34,23 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
     filter_baseline_max_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_zero_delta_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_percentage_done = loop.create_future()
+    filter_nan_done = loop.create_future()
 
     def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        if not isinstance(state, SensorState) or state.missing_state:
+        if not isinstance(state, SensorState):
             return
 
         sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
         if sensor_name not in sensor_values:
             return
 
-        sensor_values[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+        if state.missing_state:
+            # Only the NaN test is interested in unavailable states
+            if sensor_name != "filter_nan":
+                return
+            sensor_values[sensor_name].append(math.nan)
+        else:
+            sensor_values[sensor_name].append(state.state)
 
         # Check completion conditions
         if (
@@ -74,6 +83,12 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
             and not filter_percentage_done.done()
         ):
             filter_percentage_done.set_result(True)
+        elif (
+            sensor_name == "filter_nan"
+            and len(sensor_values[sensor_name]) == 3
+            and not filter_nan_done.done()
+        ):
+            filter_nan_done.set_result(True)
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config),
@@ -89,6 +104,7 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
                 "filter_baseline_max": "Filter Baseline Max",
                 "filter_zero_delta": "Filter Zero Delta",
                 "filter_percentage": "Filter Percentage",
+                "filter_nan": "Filter NaN",
             },
         )
 
@@ -108,13 +124,14 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
             "Test Filter Baseline Max": "filter_baseline_max",
             "Test Filter Zero Delta": "filter_zero_delta",
             "Test Filter Percentage": "filter_percentage",
+            "Test Filter NaN": "filter_nan",
         }
         buttons = {}
         for entity in entities:
             if isinstance(entity, ButtonInfo) and entity.name in button_name_map:
                 buttons[button_name_map[entity.name]] = entity.key
 
-        assert len(buttons) == 5, f"Expected 5 buttons, found {len(buttons)}"
+        assert len(buttons) == 6, f"Expected 6 buttons, found {len(buttons)}"
 
         # Test 1: Min
         sensor_values["filter_min"].clear()
@@ -186,3 +203,18 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
         assert sensor_values["filter_percentage"] == pytest.approx(expected), (
             f"Test 5 failed: expected {expected}, got {sensor_values['filter_percentage']}"
         )
+
+        # Test 6: NaN passes through once, then is suppressed
+        sensor_values["filter_nan"].clear()
+        client.button_command(buttons["filter_nan"])
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(filter_nan_done, timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"Test 6 timed out. Values: {sensor_values['filter_nan']}")
+
+        values = sensor_values["filter_nan"]
+        assert values[0] == pytest.approx(1.0), f"Test 6 failed: got {values}"
+        assert math.isnan(values[1]), (
+            f"Test 6 failed: NaN not passed through, got {values}"
+        )
+        assert values[2] == pytest.approx(2.0), f"Test 6 failed: got {values}"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
index 2c437341c6..3dfeda9b37 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ test_uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold :
   Test modbus with no rx_full_threshold set (simulating USB UART / non-hardware UART).
   Verifies the 50ms fallback timeout handles chunked data with USB packet gaps.
 
+test_uart_mock_modbus_fairness :
+  Two controllers sharing one client bus, both polling far faster than the bus
+  can service. Verifies the hub schedules them fairly (request counts within 1).
+
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -17,10 +21,10 @@ import asyncio
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
-from aioesphomeapi import NumberInfo
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, NumberInfo, SwitchInfo
 import pytest
 
-from .state_utils import SensorTracker, find_entity
+from .state_utils import SensorTracker, find_entity, wait_for_state
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
 
@@ -199,6 +203,99 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server(
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test modbus server FC 0x17 (read/write multiple registers).
+
+    Injects raw 0x17 request frames and checks the round-trip through the
+    server's read_lambda/write_lambda, independent of how the hub dispatches
+    0x17 internally:
+      * one request writes reg 0x01 then reads regs 0x01+0x02 -- reg 0x01 reads
+        back the just-written value (the write happens before the read per
+        Modbus 6.17), and the second register is returned by the same
+        multi-register read;
+      * a second request writes and reads a different register block.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        ["rw_write_1", "rw_read_1", "rw_read_2", "rw_write_3", "rw_read_3"]
+    )
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "rw_write_1": 4660,  # 0x1234 written to reg 0x0001
+            "rw_read_1": 4660,  # reg 0x0001 reads back the just-written value
+            "rw_read_2": 170,  # 0x00AA read from reg 0x0002 in the same request
+            "rw_write_3": 22136,  # 0x5678 written to reg 0x0003
+            "rw_read_3": 22136,  # reg 0x0003 reads back the just-written value
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_read_write_invalid(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test modbus server FC 0x17 invalid-frame handling.
+
+    Injects a well-formed (valid CRC) 0x17 request whose write byte count (2)
+    does not match 2x the write quantity (2 registers need 4 bytes), so the hub
+    must reject it with ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE before touching any register. A valid
+    read is injected right after as a processing marker.
+
+    The invalid frame is verified via bus-level signals rather than the reply
+    frame on the wire: the mock UART cannot observe the server's TX reliably on
+    the host platform (the server's transmission is gated by a millis()-based tx
+    delay), so instead we assert the request is rejected exactly once and never
+    applied to a register.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["write_seen", "probe"])
+    probe_seen = tracker.expect("probe", 1)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The probe read is injected after the malformed frame, so once it fires
+        # the malformed frame has already been processed.
+        await tracker.await_change(probe_seen, "probe")
+
+    # Exactly one bus-level rejection for the malformed frame (no cascade)...
+    invalid_warnings = [
+        line for line in warning_log_lines if "Invalid number of registers" in line
+    ]
+    assert len(invalid_warnings) == 1, (
+        "Expected exactly one invalid-frame rejection, got warnings:\n"
+        + "\n".join(warning_log_lines)
+    )
+    assert len(error_log_lines) == 0, (
+        "Expected no modbus errors, but got:\n" + "\n".join(error_log_lines)
+    )
+    # ...and the rejected write is never applied to the target register.
+    assert not tracker.sensor_states["write_seen"], (
+        f"malformed 0x17 must not write, but write_seen fired: {tracker.sensor_states['write_seen']}"
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -211,7 +308,10 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller(
 
     expected_values = {
         "reg_u_word": 99,
+        "reg_u_word_s": 4660,
+        "reg_u_word_s_raw": 13330,
         "reg_s_word": -99,
+        "reg_s_word_s": -2,
         "reg_u_dword": 16909060,
         "reg_s_dword": -16909060,
         "reg_u_dword_r": pytest.approx(67305985),
@@ -230,7 +330,10 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller(
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
-        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The controller polls from boot, so the first values can already be in
+        # the states the device sends on connect; matching them there saves
+        # waiting for the next poll
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client, match_initial_states=True)
         await tracker.await_all(futures)
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
@@ -245,14 +348,16 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write(
 
     Verifies that writing to modbus server registers via the controller updates
     the server's stored values, which are then read back correctly on the next poll.
-    All 12 value types are tested: U/S_WORD, U/S_DWORD(_R), U/S_QWORD(_R), FP32(_R).
+    All 14 value types are tested: U/S_WORD, U/S_WORD_S, U/S_DWORD(_R), U/S_QWORD(_R), FP32(_R).
     """
 
     line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
 
     register_test_cases: dict[str, RegisterTestCase] = {
         "reg_u_word": RegisterTestCase(11, "write_u_word", 42, 42),
+        "reg_u_word_s": RegisterTestCase(4660, "write_u_word_s", 17185, 17185),
         "reg_s_word": RegisterTestCase(-11, "write_s_word", -42, -42),
+        "reg_s_word_s": RegisterTestCase(-2, "write_s_word_s", -257, -257),
         "reg_u_dword": RegisterTestCase(1001, "write_u_dword", 2002, 2002),
         "reg_s_dword": RegisterTestCase(-1001, "write_s_dword", -2002, -2002),
         "reg_u_dword_r": RegisterTestCase(3003, "write_u_dword_r", 4004, 4004),
@@ -290,7 +395,12 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write(
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
-        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # The controller polls from boot, so the baseline can already be in the
+        # states the device sends on connect; matching it there saves waiting for
+        # the next poll
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(
+            client, match_initial_states=True
+        )
 
         # Wait for initial baseline values to confirm the controller <-> server
         # connection is working before issuing writes
@@ -309,6 +419,72 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_write(
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_bits(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test coil/discrete-input round trips between controller and server bits.
+
+    The server serves four bits from one shared table. The controller reads
+    each of them both as a coil (FC 0x01) and as a discrete input (FC 0x02),
+    so the two views must always agree. Two bits are then written back, one
+    via the single-coil write (FC 0x05) and one via the multiple-coils write
+    (FC 0x0F), and the new values must show up in both read views.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    initial_values = {
+        "bit_coil_0": True,
+        "bit_coil_1": False,
+        "bit_coil_2": False,
+        "bit_coil_3": True,
+        "bit_di_0": True,
+        "bit_di_1": False,
+        "bit_di_2": False,
+        "bit_di_3": True,
+    }
+    tracker = SensorTracker(list(initial_values.keys()))
+
+    # Phase 1: expect initial baseline values in both read views
+    initial_futures = tracker.expect_all(initial_values)
+    # Phase 2: expect post-write values (registered now so on_state can match them)
+    written_futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "bit_coil_2": True,
+            "bit_di_2": True,
+            "bit_coil_3": False,
+            "bit_di_3": False,
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # The controller polls from boot and binary sensors drop repeats, so the
+        # baseline can arrive only in the states the device sends on connect
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(
+            client, match_initial_states=True
+        )
+
+        # Wait for initial baseline values to confirm the controller <-> server
+        # connection is working before issuing writes
+        await tracker.await_all(initial_futures, timeout=4.0)
+
+        # Flip both writable bits: 0x02 false -> true, 0x03 true -> false
+        for switch_name, value in (("write_bit_2", True), ("write_bit_3", False)):
+            entity = find_entity(entities, switch_name, SwitchInfo)
+            assert entity is not None, f"{switch_name} switch entity not found"
+            client.switch_command(entity.key, value)
+
+        # Wait for both read views to reflect the written values
+        await tracker.await_all(written_futures, timeout=4.0)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_multiple(
     yaml_config: str,
@@ -323,6 +499,204 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_multiple(
     tracker = SensorTracker(list(expected_values.keys()))
     futures = tracker.expect_all(expected_values)
 
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # The controller polls from boot, so the first values can already be in
+        # the states the device sends on connect; matching them there saves
+        # waiting for the next poll
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client, match_initial_states=True)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_client_typed(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test the typed modbus_client actions end to end (each action its own hub device).
+
+    Start Scenario fires three typed actions: write_single_register puts 777 in server register 0x10 (the
+    ack fires on_response -> ack_flag); read_holding_registers reads it back,
+    with the reply decoded by the shared device dispatch into host-order words (values[0] -> typed_value);
+    a read of unserved register 0x99 resolves via on_error with the device's exception code
+    (ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS = 2 -> error_code); a coil read of the register-only server resolves via
+    on_error with ILLEGAL_FUNCTION (= 1 -> coil_error_code) - the server maps no bits, so it does not
+    implement the coil function - proving the bit-read request and typed error delivery. A multi-register
+    write (fc 0x10) lands on registers 0x11/0x12 with the read-back of 0x12 chained inside its ack handler
+    (-> multi_value = 222); a multi-coil write likewise draws ILLEGAL_FUNCTION from the register-only server
+    (-> multi_coil_error = 1). A read whose count lambda returns 0 at runtime
+    builds an empty (rejected) PDU, is refused at the hub door, and resolves via on_not_sent
+    (-> not_sent_flag).
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        [
+            "typed_value",
+            "ack_flag",
+            "error_code",
+            "coil_error_code",
+            "multi_value",
+            "multi_coil_error",
+            "not_sent_flag",
+        ]
+    )
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "typed_value": 777,
+            "ack_flag": 1,
+            "error_code": 2,
+            "coil_error_code": 1,
+            "multi_value": 222,
+            "multi_coil_error": 1,
+            "not_sent_flag": 1,
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_client_inline(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test modbus_client.send actions: each action is its own hub device.
+
+    Start Scenario fires: a read of served address 1 decoded in its inline on_response -> inline_value; a
+    read of address 2, which no server answers, resolving via on_no_response -> timeout_flag. A parallel
+    script fires the same write action twice while its first frame is pending; the hub drops the duplicate
+    write, and the second firing resolves via its own on_not_sent -> skipped_flag. This exercises
+    per-action reply routing, the no-reply path, and the one-outcome guarantee under the hub's write
+    dedup.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["inline_value", "timeout_flag", "skipped_flag"])
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {"inline_value": 1234, "timeout_flag": 1, "skipped_flag": 1}
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures, timeout=5.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_grouping(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Pins how sensors are grouped into polled ranges across the combinations that matter.
+
+    Each block in the fixture covers one relationship between neighbouring sensors - sharing a wide
+    register, contiguous, separated by a gap, differing polling rates, coils, and a pinned range - so
+    that the frames on the wire and the byte each sensor decodes from are locked down.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    # Values are those the component produced before the range rework, captured from it directly.
+    expected_values = {
+        # one register returning 4 bytes, read as two halves
+        "reuse_lo": 273,
+        "reuse_hi": 546,
+        # contiguous registers, mixed widths
+        "ext_word": 4660,
+        "ext_next": 22136,
+        "ext_dword": pytest.approx(2596069120),
+        # a wide register pushes its neighbour past the bytes it actually returned
+        "wide_first": 2730,
+        "wide_next": 3003,
+        # a gap keeps them apart
+        "gap_low": 320,
+        "gap_high": 325,
+        # contiguous, second one polling more slowly
+        "rate_first": 336,
+        "rate_slow": 337,
+        # a wide value, one of its halves, and the register after it
+        "shared_dword": pytest.approx(2759468),
+        "shared_high": 6956,
+        "shared_after": 781,
+        # a wide register hidden behind a wider plain sibling, and the sensor after them
+        "masked_wide": 4369,
+        "masked_pair": pytest.approx(286335522),
+        "masked_after": 13107,
+        # pinned range, and the contiguous sensor after it
+        "forced_first": 352,
+        "forced_next": 353,
+    }
+    tracker = SensorTracker(list(expected_values.keys()))
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(expected_values)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        # Every frame sent must match one the mock answers, so an unexpected read (a range that split,
+        # merged or changed length) shows up here as an unanswered request. This is what pins the coil
+        # grouping too, since binary sensors carry no numeric state to compare.
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_shared_address(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Sensors sharing and overlapping one register range must all decode from a single read.
+
+    A U_WORD and a U_DWORD share start address 0x9001 (non-mergeable, so the range widens to 2
+    registers) and a third U_WORD at 0x9002 falls inside the widened range. A regression guard for the
+    range-grouping rewrite: without the same-address fallback the shared sensors land in duplicate
+    ranges and one never publishes; without the in-range join the 0x9002 sensor splits into a second
+    overlapping frame that the mock (which expects exactly one read) never answers.
+
+    A force_new_range sensor at 0x30 plus a plain sensor at 0x10 pin the covered branch's lower-bound
+    check: the forced sensor sorts first, and without the bound the lower-address sensor is absorbed
+    into the forced range with a wrapped byte offset and never polls its own register.
+
+    A U_QWORD at 0x100 with plain sensors at 0x101 and 0x103 pins that non-merging sensors inside a
+    wide sensor's span keep polling separately, and that the sensor at the span's tail address does not
+    anchor a re-use join on a mid-range predecessor (which would make it decode that sensor's bytes).
+
+    A word and a dword sharing 0x200 widen that range to two registers and both decode from the one read.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    # 0x9001 = 0x0397 (919); 0x9001..0x9002 = 0x03970291 (60228241, approx: not exact in float32);
+    # 0x9002 = 0x0291 (657); 0x30 = 0x0111 (273); 0x10 = 0x0222 (546)
+    expected_values = {
+        "shared_word": 919,
+        "shared_dword": pytest.approx(60228241),
+        "covered_word": 657,
+        "forced_high": 273,
+        "plain_low": 546,
+        "wide_qword": 100,
+        "inside_wide": 321,
+        "tail_of_wide": 421,
+        "widen_word": 321,
+        "widen_dword": pytest.approx(21037058),
+    }
+    tracker = SensorTracker(list(expected_values.keys()))
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(expected_values)
+
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
@@ -330,3 +704,409 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_server_controller_multiple(
         await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
         await tracker.await_all(futures)
         _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_custom_pdu(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test a custom_pdu sensor reading a register served by the mock server.
+
+    The custom_pdu is a raw read-holding PDU (function code + address + count); the
+    controller prepends its own device address and appends the CRC, sends it, and the
+    sensor's lambda parses the response payload. Confirms the custom PDU path decodes
+    the function code and routes the response to the sensor (the gap that hid the
+    step-2 raw-vs-PDU bug). A plain read on the same register anchors the bus.
+    """
+
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    expected_values = {"plain_read": 259, "custom_read": 259}
+    tracker = SensorTracker(list(expected_values.keys()))
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(expected_values)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_continuous(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that `continuous: true` polls faster than the update_interval.
+
+    The controller's update_interval is 30s, so without continuous polling only the boot poll would
+    run during the short test window. With continuous the read is re-queued after each success, filling
+    idle bus time, so many reads arrive. The server returns an incrementing counter, so every read is a
+    distinct published state the tracker can count. (Bus warnings are not asserted here: continuous
+    polling deliberately saturates the bus, so the occasional timing hiccup is expected and off-topic;
+    the other tests cover clean operation at normal poll rates.)
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["continuous_reg"])
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # setup_and_start_scenario presses the Start Scenario button, whose on_press triggers the
+        # controller's first update(). With continuous that one read re-queues and streams; without it
+        # the next poll would not run until the 30s update_interval elapses.
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        # Count reads over a window far shorter than the update_interval. Absent continuous polling we
+        # would see ~1 (the triggered poll); continuous re-queues, so the bus fills with reads.
+        await asyncio.sleep(3.0)
+        reads = len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"])
+        assert reads >= 5, (
+            "expected many continuous reads within the window (update_interval is 30s, so absent "
+            f"continuous polling we would see ~1), got {reads}"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery path: a live continuous poll that starts failing goes offline, and the next update()
+        # re-arms it once the device answers again. Silence the server so the poll's reads time out; with
+        # max_cmd_retries=1 and send_wait_time=100ms the device trips offline quickly and streaming stops.
+        silence = find_entity(entities, "silence_server", SwitchInfo)
+        assert silence is not None, "Silence Server switch not found"
+        start = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+
+        client.switch_command(silence.key, True)
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.0)  # let the poll fail and the device trip offline
+        plateau = len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"])
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.0)  # offline: no polls should land
+        assert len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"]) == plateau, (
+            "reads kept arriving after the server was silenced - the failed continuous poll did not stop"
+        )
+
+        # Answer again and trigger update(): the offline probe recovers the device and the continuous
+        # poll re-arms, so streaming resumes.
+        client.switch_command(silence.key, False)
+        client.button_command(start.key)
+        await asyncio.sleep(3.0)
+        resumed = len(tracker.sensor_states["continuous_reg"]) - plateau
+        assert resumed >= 5, (
+            f"continuous polling did not resume after the device recovered (got {resumed} new reads)"
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_offline(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A silent device drives the controller offline; answering again recovers it.
+
+    The mock answers nothing at first, so the controller burns through max_cmd_retries
+    (1 retry after the first timeout) and fires on_offline. While offline it keeps
+    retrying every offline_skip_updates+1 cycles. The test then flips the mock to
+    answering; the next retry gets a response, on_online fires, and the register value
+    publishes. This pins the pooled non-response counter, can_send() gating, the
+    offline retry cadence, and recovery - none of which the responding-path tests touch.
+
+    Offline probing follows the offline cadence alone; regular every-update polling
+    resumes once the device answers again.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["link_state", "reg"])
+    offline_future = tracker.expect("link_state", 0)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+
+        # The unanswered poll and its retry each time out (~100ms), then on_offline fires.
+        await tracker.await_change(offline_future, "link_state", timeout=5.0)
+
+        # Register the recovery expectations before waking the device so no update is missed.
+        online_future = tracker.expect("link_state", 1)
+        value_future = tracker.expect("reg", 259)
+        serve_btn = find_entity(entities, "serve", ButtonInfo)
+        assert serve_btn is not None, "Serve button not found"
+        client.button_command(serve_btn.key)
+
+        # The next offline-cadence retry gets an answer: back online, value published.
+        await tracker.await_change(online_future, "link_state", timeout=5.0)
+        await tracker.await_change(value_future, "reg", timeout=5.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_fairness(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Two controllers sharing one bus should get a fair share of it.
+
+    Both controllers poll different devices (addresses 1 and 2) on the same
+    client hub, far faster than the bus can service, so they continually
+    contend for it. The on_tx hook in the fixture counts the requests issued
+    for each address. With fair scheduling in the modbus hub, neither
+    controller should starve the other: the two request counts must end up
+    within 1 of each other.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["requests_1", "requests_2"])
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+
+        # Let both controllers hammer the bus for a while.
+        await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
+
+        # Stop polling so the counters settle to a final, stable value (state
+        # coalescing means intermediate values may be skipped, but the final
+        # value is always delivered once changes stop).
+        stop_btn = find_entity(entities, "stop_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert stop_btn is not None, "Stop Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(stop_btn.key)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+        assert tracker.sensor_states["requests_1"], "controller 1 issued no requests"
+        assert tracker.sensor_states["requests_2"], "controller 2 issued no requests"
+        count_1 = tracker.sensor_states["requests_1"][-1]
+        count_2 = tracker.sensor_states["requests_2"][-1]
+
+        # Both must have polled repeatedly, otherwise "fairness" is meaningless.
+        assert count_1 >= 5 and count_2 >= 5, (
+            f"expected both controllers to poll repeatedly, "
+            f"got controller 1={count_1}, controller 2={count_2}"
+        )
+        # Fair scheduling: the bus alternates between the two pending requests,
+        # so the counts can differ by at most one in-flight request.
+        assert abs(count_1 - count_2) <= 1, (
+            f"controllers did not get a fair share of the bus: "
+            f"controller 1 issued {count_1}, controller 2 issued {count_2}"
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_broadcast_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A client broadcast write (address 0) reaches every server and costs no timeout.
+
+    The scenario button sends a broadcast single-register write of 777 to register
+    0x10; both servers must apply it. The client's normal polling sensor must keep
+    updating, and no modbus warnings may appear - the pre-broadcast-support behavior
+    parked the frame in the waiting slot until the send-wait timeout, which surfaced
+    here as 'Stop waiting for response' warnings and a stalled poll.
+    """
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        ["reg_u_word", "srv1_written", "srv2_written", "broadcast_accepted"]
+    )
+    poll_before = tracker.expect("reg_u_word", 919)
+    written = tracker.expect_all({"srv1_written": 777, "srv2_written": 777})
+    # queue_pdu() must accept the broadcast into the machine (return true), the answer this PR adds.
+    accepted = tracker.expect("broadcast_accepted", 1)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_change(accepted, "broadcast_accepted")
+        await tracker.await_change(poll_before, "reg_u_word")
+        await tracker.await_all(written)
+        # Polling must continue after the broadcast (a burned timeout stalls it).
+        poll_after = tracker.expect("reg_u_word", 919)
+        await tracker.await_change(poll_after, "reg_u_word", timeout=3.0)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_client_read_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A modbus_client.read_write_multiple_registers action (FC 0x17) drives a server end to end.
+
+    The client writes reg 0x0001 = 0x1234 and reads regs 0x0001..0x0002 in one transaction; the server
+    applies the write first (Modbus 6.17). The test confirms both ends: the server's write_lambda ran
+    (srv_write_1) and the read half came back to the client's on_response (client_read_0 = the
+    just-written 0x1234, client_read_1 = the read-only 0x00AA).
+    """
+    line_callback, error_log_lines, warning_log_lines = _make_modbus_line_callback()
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(
+        ["srv_write_1", "srv_read_1", "client_read_0", "client_read_1"]
+    )
+    futures = tracker.expect_all(
+        {
+            "srv_write_1": 4660,  # server wrote 0x1234 to reg 0x0001
+            "client_read_0": 4660,  # client read reg 0x0001 back as the just-written 0x1234
+            "client_read_1": 170,  # client read reg 0x0002 (0x00AA) in the same request
+        }
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(futures)
+        _assert_no_modbus_errors(error_log_lines, warning_log_lines)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail(
+    strict=True,
+    reason="Byte-accurate register-offset writes land in the follow-up offset fix; "
+    "until then the byte offset is folded into the address (writes 0x12 instead of "
+    "0x11). The write and read assertions both flip via the same switch-constructor "
+    "fold. Remove this marker when that change merges.",
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_register_offset(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a byte offset on a holding-register write is byte-accurate.
+
+    `offset` is a byte offset, so a holding-register write at address 0x10 with offset: 2 must target
+    register 0x10 + 2/2 = 0x11. The pre-fix behavior folded the byte offset into the address as a register
+    count (0x10 + 2 = 0x12). The switch is assumed_state (write-only), so reg_11 turning 0xFFFF pins the
+    fix; had the write landed on 0x12 the wait would time out and reg_12 would change instead.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["reg_10", "reg_11", "reg_12"])
+    initial = tracker.expect_all({"reg_10": 100, "reg_11": 200, "reg_12": 300})
+    wrote_11 = tracker.expect("reg_11", 65535)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_all(initial, timeout=4.0)
+
+        switch = find_entity(entities, "offset_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert switch is not None, "offset_switch not found"
+        client.switch_command(switch.key, True)
+
+        # reg_11 (0x10 + offset 2/2) must receive the write; if the write went to 0x12 this times out.
+        await tracker.await_change(wrote_11, "reg_11", timeout=4.0)
+        # And 0x12 (the pre-fix register-offset target) must be untouched.
+        assert tracker.sensor_states["reg_12"][-1] == 300, (
+            "reg_12 (0x12) should be untouched - offset is byte-based, so the write targets 0x11; "
+            f"got {tracker.sensor_states['reg_12']}"
+        )
+
+        # Read path: read_offset_switch has byte offset 6. Post-fix the switch folds the whole registers
+        # into its address (0x10 + 6/2 = 0x13, residual byte 0) and joins the 0x10..0x13 range, so the
+        # read lands in-bounds on 0xABCD (bit 0 set) -> ON. Pre-fix the whole byte offset folded into the
+        # address (0x16); the server answers ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS there and the switch never publishes.
+        read_switch = find_entity(entities, "read_offset_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert read_switch is not None, "read_offset_switch not found"
+        # The ON transition happened at the first poll and switch states are deduped, so this relies on
+        # wait_for_state's fresh subscribe_states re-dumping every entity's current state.
+        await wait_for_state(
+            client,
+            lambda s: (
+                getattr(s, "key", None) == read_switch.key
+                and getattr(s, "state", None) is True
+            ),
+            timeout=6.0,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_lambda_write(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test a write_lambda that drives the write through the entity itself (item is the command).
+
+    `cross_switch` is a coil-type switch whose write_lambda ignores its own type and calls
+    item->write_single_register(0x30, ...) - a register write issued from a coil entity. The lambda
+    returns an empty optional, so the write path detects the lambda already dispatched a frame and does
+    not fall back to the default coil write. Success is reg_30 reading back the value the lambda wrote,
+    which proves both the new item->write_* path and cross-type flexibility.
+    """
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["reg_30"])
+    initial = tracker.expect("reg_30", 0)
+    wrote_30 = tracker.expect("reg_30", 1234)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        await tracker.await_change(initial, "reg_30", timeout=4.0)
+
+        switch = find_entity(entities, "cross_switch", SwitchInfo)
+        assert switch is not None, "cross_switch not found"
+        client.switch_command(switch.key, True)
+
+        # The coil switch's lambda wrote register 0x30 via item->write_single_register(); reg_30 must
+        # read back 1234. If the entity-as-command dispatch were broken, no register write would go out
+        # and this would time out.
+        await tracker.await_change(wrote_30, "reg_30", timeout=4.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_deprecated_write_buffer(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test the deprecated write_lambda buffer path still works, and warns once per entity.
+
+    buf_number's write_lambda fills the old `payload` buffer with a legacy raw frame as words (device
+    address + function code + data) and returns {} instead of calling item->write_*. Both writes must
+    land - a filled buffer is sent, as the docs have always described - and the one-time deprecation
+    warning must fire exactly once per entity regardless of how many writes happen.
+    """
+
+    warn_count = 0
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        nonlocal warn_count
+        if "write_lambda buffer" in line:
+            warn_count += 1
+
+    tracker = SensorTracker(["written_value"])
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities = await tracker.setup_and_start_scenario(client)
+        number = find_entity(entities, "buf_number", NumberInfo)
+        assert number is not None, "buf_number not found"
+
+        # First write via the deprecated buffer path.
+        client.number_command(number.key, 111)
+        await tracker.await_change(
+            tracker.expect("written_value", 111), "written_value", timeout=4.0
+        )
+        # Second write: lands too, but must not warn again (warn-once per entity).
+        client.number_command(number.key, 222)
+        await tracker.await_change(
+            tracker.expect("written_value", 222), "written_value", timeout=4.0
+        )
+
+    assert warn_count == 1, (
+        f"deprecation warning should fire exactly once per entity, got {warn_count}"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_use_address_runtime.py b/tests/integration/test_use_address_runtime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4cbbb9c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_use_address_runtime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Integration tests for the runtime-built use_address.
+
+The default "<name>.local" address is no longer stored as a compile-time string;
+it is built at runtime from the device name. This also fixes the logged address
+when name_add_mac_suffix is enabled: the baked string used to miss the MAC
+suffix, so it never matched the actual mDNS hostname.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# Host platform default MAC: 98:35:69:ab:f6:79 -> suffix "abf679"
+MAC_SUFFIX = "abf679"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_use_address_runtime(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """The API dump_config logs "<name>.local" built from the device name."""
+    address_seen = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if "Address: use-address-runtime.local:" in line:
+            address_seen.set()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "use-address-runtime"
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(address_seen.wait(), timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Did not log 'Address: use-address-runtime.local:'")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_use_address_runtime_mac_suffix(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """With name_add_mac_suffix the logged address includes the MAC suffix."""
+    address_seen = asyncio.Event()
+    expected = f"Address: use-address-mac-{MAC_SUFFIX}.local:"
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        if expected in line:
+            address_seen.set()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == f"use-address-mac-{MAC_SUFFIX}"
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(address_seen.wait(), timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"Did not log '{expected}'")
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_wait_until_reentrant_restart.py b/tests/integration/test_wait_until_reentrant_restart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c73339515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_wait_until_reentrant_restart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+"""Integration test for wait_until queue reentrancy.
+
+When a wait_until completes, the rest of the action chain runs synchronously
+from inside the wait queue processing. That chain can re-enter the very same
+WaitUntilAction - for example a script with mode: restart that executes itself
+as a retry pattern, or a waiter that stops its own script. Both used to mutate
+the std::list while it was being iterated, corrupting it and crashing the
+device (Guru Meditation StoreProhibited in _M_transfer).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wait_until_reentrant_restart(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that re-entering a wait_until from its own continuation is safe."""
+    retry_complete = asyncio.Event()
+    stop_complete = asyncio.Event()
+
+    attempt_pattern = re.compile(r"attempt (\d+) done")
+    gate_pattern = re.compile(r"gate passed (\d+)")
+
+    attempts: list[int] = []
+    gate_passed: list[int] = []
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for expected messages."""
+        if mo := attempt_pattern.search(line):
+            attempts.append(int(mo.group(1)))
+        elif mo := gate_pattern.search(line):
+            gate_passed.append(int(mo.group(1)))
+        elif "retry test complete" in line:
+            retry_complete.set()
+        elif "stop test complete" in line:
+            stop_complete.set()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "wait-until-reentrant-restart"
+
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        self_restart_service = next(
+            (s for s in services if s.name == "start_self_restart"), None
+        )
+        assert self_restart_service is not None, "start_self_restart not found"
+        stop_service = next(
+            (s for s in services if s.name == "start_stop_during_wait"), None
+        )
+        assert stop_service is not None, "start_stop_during_wait not found"
+
+        # Scenario 1: the wait_until timeout continuation restarts its own
+        # script five times, re-entering the same wait_until each time.
+        await client.execute_service(self_restart_service, {})
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(retry_complete.wait(), timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"Self-restart retry did not finish. Attempts: {attempts}")
+        assert attempts == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], attempts
+
+        # Scenario 2: the first waiter through the gate stops the script while
+        # the other waiters are still queued in the same wait_until; both the
+        # not-yet-checked waiters (2, 3) and the already-checked still-waiting
+        # blocker (0) must be cancelled, not fired.
+        await client.execute_service(stop_service, {})
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(stop_complete.wait(), timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"Stop-during-wait did not finish. Gate passed: {gate_passed}")
+        assert gate_passed == [1], gate_passed
+
+        # If the cancelled blocker had been kept, its 1s wait_until timeout
+        # would still fire - give it the chance and check it stays silent.
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.5)
+        assert gate_passed == [1], gate_passed
diff --git a/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py b/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py
index 8bbaa2773a..f3d4bbcba6 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import importlib.util
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -205,6 +207,47 @@ def test_convert_keys_no_marker_for_non_sensitive_field() -> None:
     assert "sensitive_source" not in entry
 
 
+def _wildcard_validator(value: Any) -> Any:
+    return value
+
+
+def test_convert_keys_marker_wrapped_callable_key_normalizes() -> None:
+    converted: dict = {}
+    _bls.convert_keys(converted, {cv.Optional(_wildcard_validator): cv.string}, "/root")
+
+    config_vars = converted["schema"]["config_vars"]
+    assert set(config_vars) == {"string"}
+    assert config_vars["string"]["key"] == "Optional"
+    assert config_vars["string"]["key_type"] == "_wildcard_validator"
+
+
+def test_convert_keys_marker_wrapped_callable_beside_fixed_keys() -> None:
+    converted: dict = {}
+    _bls.convert_keys(
+        converted,
+        {cv.Required("id"): cv.string, cv.Optional(_wildcard_validator): cv.string},
+        "/root",
+    )
+
+    assert set(converted["schema"]["config_vars"]) == {"id", "string"}
+
+
+def test_convert_keys_bare_callable_dotted_qualname() -> None:
+    def make_validator() -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+        def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
+            return value
+
+        return validator
+
+    converted: dict = {}
+    _bls.convert_keys(converted, {make_validator(): cv.string}, "/root")
+
+    assert converted["key"] == "String"
+    assert converted["key_type"].endswith("make_validator.<locals>.validator")
+    assert "at 0x" not in converted["key_type"]
+    assert set(converted["schema"]["config_vars"]) == {"string"}
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Regression tests for the lvgl schema dump.
 #
diff --git a/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py b/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py
index d4c13fd3fb..565f8c563f 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py
@@ -231,14 +231,16 @@ def test_main_all_tests_should_run(
     assert output["memory_impact"]["should_run"] == "false"
     assert output["cpp_unit_tests_run_all"] is False
     assert output["cpp_unit_tests_components"] == ["wifi", "api", "sensor"]
-    # component_test_batches should be present and be a list of space-separated strings
+    # component_test_batches should be a list of matrix entries carrying the
+    # space-separated component list and the toolchain-need flags
     assert "component_test_batches" in output
     assert isinstance(output["component_test_batches"], list)
-    # Each batch should be a space-separated string of component names
     for batch in output["component_test_batches"]:
-        assert isinstance(batch, str)
+        assert isinstance(batch, dict)
         # Should contain at least one component (no empty batches)
-        assert len(batch) > 0
+        assert len(batch["components"]) > 0
+        assert isinstance(batch["needs_idf"], bool)
+        assert isinstance(batch["needs_nrf"], bool)
 
 
 def test_main_no_tests_should_run(
@@ -1118,7 +1120,14 @@ def test_should_run_esp32_platformio_with_branch() -> None:
         (["esphome/espidf/runner.py"], True),
         (["esphome/espidf/framework.py"], True),
         (["esphome/build_gen/espidf.py"], True),
-        # PlatformIO build gen and esp32 component are NOT IDF-infra triggers
+        # Shared native-build modules the IDF build imports -> trigger
+        (["esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/platformio/library.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/framework_helpers.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/platformio/extra_script.py"], True),
+        # PlatformIO build gen, its toolchain, and the esp32 component are
+        # NOT IDF-infra triggers
+        (["esphome/platformio/toolchain.py"], False),
         (["esphome/build_gen/platformio.py"], False),
         (["esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py"], False),
         (["README.md"], False),
@@ -1130,6 +1139,16 @@ def test_esp_idf_infra_changed(changed_files: list[str], expected: bool) -> None
     assert determine_jobs._esp_idf_infra_changed(changed_files) is expected
 
 
+def test_esp_idf_infra_trigger_paths_exist() -> None:
+    """A renamed or moved trigger module must fail here, not silently stop
+    forcing the esp32 IDF compile."""
+    repo_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+    for file in determine_jobs.ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_FILES:
+        assert (repo_root / file).is_file(), f"trigger file {file} moved or renamed"
+    for prefix in determine_jobs.ESP_IDF_INFRA_TRIGGER_PATH_PREFIXES:
+        assert (repo_root / prefix).is_dir(), f"trigger dir {prefix} moved or renamed"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("changed_files", "expected_result"),
     [
@@ -1195,6 +1214,56 @@ def test_count_changed_cpp_files_with_branch() -> None:
         mock_changed.assert_called_once_with("release")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("changed_files", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Core C++ change runs everything
+        (["esphome/core/helpers.cpp"], (True, [])),
+        # Core Python change runs everything too
+        (["esphome/core/config.py"], (True, [])),
+        # Component C++ change: component plus dependents with C++ tests
+        (["esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], (False, ["sntp", "time"])),
+        # Component Python change shapes the host build (defines, source
+        # filters), so it must trigger the same tests as a C++ change
+        (["esphome/components/time/__init__.py"], (False, ["sntp", "time"])),
+        # Nothing to build when no selected component has C++ tests
+        (["esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py"], (False, [])),
+        # Test manifest override changes only that component
+        (["tests/components/time/__init__.py"], (False, ["time"])),
+        # Test source change only that component
+        (["tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], (False, ["time"])),
+        # pytest files and YAML build tests do not affect the test binary
+        (["tests/components/socket/conftest.py"], (False, [])),
+        (["tests/components/time/test.esp32-idf.yaml"], (False, [])),
+        (["README.md", "script/helpers.py"], (False, [])),
+        ([], (False, [])),
+    ],
+)
+def test_determine_cpp_unit_tests(
+    changed_files: list[str],
+    expected: tuple[bool, list[str]],
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test which C++ unit tests a set of changed files selects."""
+    tests_dir = tmp_path / "tests" / "components"
+    for component in ("time", "sntp"):
+        (tests_dir / component).mkdir(parents=True)
+        (tests_dir / component / f"{component}.cpp").write_text("")
+    (tests_dir / "homeassistant").mkdir()
+    (tests_dir / "socket").mkdir()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "changed_files", return_value=changed_files),
+        patch.object(
+            helpers,
+            "create_components_graph",
+            return_value={"time": ["homeassistant", "sntp"]},
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert determine_jobs.determine_cpp_unit_tests() == expected
+
+
 def test_main_filters_components_without_tests(
     mock_determine_integration_tests: Mock,
     mock_should_run_clang_tidy: Mock,
@@ -2223,15 +2292,33 @@ def test_detect_memory_impact_config_runs_at_component_limit(tmp_path: Path) ->
             "esphome/components/libretiny/wifi_ln882x.cpp",
             determine_jobs.Platform.LN882X_ARD,
         ),
-        # RP2040 / Raspberry Pi Pico detection
+        # RP2 family detection — explicit chip names only.
+        # RP2040 chip: _rp2040.*, _pico.* (Pico / Pico W)
         ("esphome/components/gpio/gpio_rp2040.cpp", determine_jobs.Platform.RP2040_ARD),
         ("esphome/components/wifi/wifi_rp2040.cpp", determine_jobs.Platform.RP2040_ARD),
         ("esphome/components/i2c/i2c_pico.cpp", determine_jobs.Platform.RP2040_ARD),
         ("esphome/components/spi/spi_pico.cpp", determine_jobs.Platform.RP2040_ARD),
         (
-            "tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml",
+            "tests/components/rp2/test.rp2040-ard.yaml",
             determine_jobs.Platform.RP2040_ARD,
         ),
+        # RP2350 chip: _rp2350.*, _pico2.* (Pico 2 / Pico 2 W)
+        (
+            "esphome/components/foo/foo_rp2350.cpp",
+            determine_jobs.Platform.RP2350_ARD,
+        ),
+        (
+            "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_pico2.cpp",
+            determine_jobs.Platform.RP2350_ARD,
+        ),
+        (
+            "tests/components/rp2/test.rp2350-ard.yaml",
+            determine_jobs.Platform.RP2350_ARD,
+        ),
+        # Family-wide files (_rp2.*) intentionally do NOT get a hint —
+        # they apply to both RP2040 and RP2350 chips.
+        ("esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2.cpp", None),
+        ("esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2.h", None),
         # nRF52 / Zephyr detection
         (
             "tests/components/logger/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml",
@@ -2278,6 +2365,11 @@ def test_detect_memory_impact_config_runs_at_component_limit(tmp_path: Path) ->
         "pico_i2c",
         "pico_spi",
         "rp2040_test_yaml",
+        "rp2350_cpp",
+        "pico2_cpp",
+        "rp2350_test_yaml",
+        "rp2_family_debug_no_hint",
+        "rp2_family_logger_h_no_hint",
         "nrf52_test_yaml",
         "nrf52_gpio",
         "zephyr_core",
@@ -2417,16 +2509,16 @@ def test_component_batching_beta_branch_40_per_batch(
     assert len(batches) == 3, f"Expected 3 batches, got {len(batches)}"
 
     # Each batch should have approximately 40 components (all weight=1, groupable)
-    for i, batch_str in enumerate(batches):
-        batch_components = batch_str.split()
+    for i, batch in enumerate(batches):
+        batch_components = batch["components"].split()
         assert len(batch_components) == 40, (
             f"Batch {i} should have 40 components, got {len(batch_components)}"
         )
 
     # Verify all 120 components are in batches
     all_components = []
-    for batch_str in batches:
-        all_components.extend(batch_str.split())
+    for batch in batches:
+        all_components.extend(batch["components"].split())
     assert len(all_components) == 120
     assert set(all_components) == set(component_names)
 
@@ -2450,6 +2542,35 @@ def test_should_run_benchmarks_core_header_change() -> None:
         assert determine_jobs.should_run_benchmarks() is True
 
 
+def test_should_run_benchmarks_top_level_python_change() -> None:
+    """Test benchmarks trigger on top-level esphome Python module changes.
+
+    The Python benchmarks exercise config loading, so changes to modules
+    like config.py and yaml_util.py must run them; a regression in #16718
+    went unnoticed because these files matched no trigger.
+    """
+    for py_file in [
+        "esphome/config.py",
+        "esphome/yaml_util.py",
+        "esphome/__main__.py",
+        "esphome/helpers.py",
+    ]:
+        with patch.object(determine_jobs, "changed_files", return_value=[py_file]):
+            assert determine_jobs.should_run_benchmarks() is True, (
+                f"Expected benchmarks to run for {py_file}"
+            )
+
+
+def test_should_run_benchmarks_nested_python_change() -> None:
+    """Test benchmarks do NOT trigger for nested non-core Python changes."""
+    with patch.object(
+        determine_jobs,
+        "changed_files",
+        return_value=["esphome/dashboard/web_server.py"],
+    ):
+        assert determine_jobs.should_run_benchmarks() is False
+
+
 def test_should_run_benchmarks_host_platform_change() -> None:
     """Test benchmarks trigger on host platform changes.
 
@@ -2968,3 +3089,53 @@ def test_main_force_all_off_uses_detection(
     assert output["component_test_count"] == 0
     mock_determine_integration_tests.assert_called_once()
     mock_should_run_clang_tidy.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# Every platform the memory impact analysis can select must produce an ELF that
+# find_elf_path knows how to locate. The analysis fails the job when it cannot
+# find one, so a platform with an unknown layout would turn a clean build red.
+_MEMORY_IMPACT_ELF_LAYOUTS = {
+    # Native ESP-IDF toolchain (the esp32 default): <build>/build/firmware.elf
+    "esp32-c6-idf": "build/firmware.elf",
+    "esp32-idf": "build/firmware.elf",
+    "esp32-c3-idf": "build/firmware.elf",
+    "esp32-s2-idf": "build/firmware.elf",
+    "esp32-s3-idf": "build/firmware.elf",
+    # PlatformIO: <build>/.pioenvs/<name>/firmware.elf
+    "esp8266-ard": ".pioenvs/{name}/firmware.elf",
+    "rp2040-ard": ".pioenvs/{name}/firmware.elf",
+    "rp2350-ard": ".pioenvs/{name}/firmware.elf",
+    # LibreTiny: <build>/.pioenvs/<name>/raw_firmware.elf
+    "bk72xx-ard": ".pioenvs/{name}/raw_firmware.elf",
+    "rtl87xx-ard": ".pioenvs/{name}/raw_firmware.elf",
+    "ln882x-ard": ".pioenvs/{name}/raw_firmware.elf",
+    # Zephyr: <build>/.pioenvs/<name>/zephyr/[zephyr/]zephyr.elf
+    "nrf52-adafruit": ".pioenvs/{name}/zephyr/zephyr/zephyr.elf",
+}
+
+
+def test_memory_impact_platforms_have_known_elf_layout() -> None:
+    """Every selectable memory impact platform has a documented ELF layout.
+
+    Adding a platform to the preference list without teaching find_elf_path
+    where its ELF lands would fail the memory impact job on a clean build.
+    """
+    selectable = {
+        platform.value for platform in determine_jobs.MEMORY_IMPACT_PLATFORM_PREFERENCE
+    }
+    selectable.add(determine_jobs.MEMORY_IMPACT_FALLBACK_PLATFORM.value)
+
+    assert selectable == set(_MEMORY_IMPACT_ELF_LAYOUTS)
+
+
+def test_memory_impact_elf_layouts_are_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """find_elf_path locates the ELF each memory impact platform produces."""
+    from esphome.analyze_memory.toolchain import find_elf_path
+
+    for platform, layout in _MEMORY_IMPACT_ELF_LAYOUTS.items():
+        build_path = tmp_path / platform / ".esphome" / "build" / "mydevice"
+        elf = build_path / layout.format(name=build_path.name)
+        elf.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        elf.write_text("")
+
+        assert find_elf_path(build_path) == elf, f"{platform} ELF not found"
diff --git a/tests/script/test_docker_build.py b/tests/script/test_docker_build.py
index 34bcc4e714..06dc21a92e 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_docker_build.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_docker_build.py
@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ def test_branch_manifest_targets_ghcr_only(
     )
 
     assert commands == [
-        "docker buildx imagetools create "
-        "--tag ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-hassio:my-branch "
-        "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-hassio-amd64:my-branch "
-        "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-hassio-aarch64:my-branch"
+        (
+            "docker buildx imagetools create "
+            "--tag ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-hassio:my-branch "
+            "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-hassio-amd64:my-branch "
+            "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-hassio-aarch64:my-branch"
+        )
     ]
 
 
diff --git a/tests/script/test_helpers.py b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
index 886d413ccf..38b8c57368 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ changed_files = helpers.changed_files
 filter_changed = helpers.filter_changed
 get_changed_components = helpers.get_changed_components
 _get_changed_files_from_command = helpers._get_changed_files_from_command
+run_gh_command = helpers.run_gh_command
 _get_pr_number_from_github_env = helpers._get_pr_number_from_github_env
 _get_changed_files_github_actions = helpers._get_changed_files_github_actions
 _filter_changed_ci = helpers._filter_changed_ci
@@ -79,6 +80,22 @@ def test_get_pr_number_from_github_env_event_file(
     assert result == "5678"
 
 
+def test_get_github_event_data_decodes_utf8_regardless_of_locale(
+    monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """The event payload is UTF-8; parsing must not depend on the platform
+    default encoding. On Windows the default is cp1252, which raised
+    UnicodeDecodeError as soon as a commit title carried non ASCII text."""
+    event_file = tmp_path / "event.json"
+    event_data = {"head_commit": {"message": "Answer UNPAIR with Response… é"}}
+    event_file.write_bytes(json.dumps(event_data, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8"))
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GITHUB_EVENT_PATH", str(event_file))
+
+    result = helpers._get_github_event_data()
+
+    assert result == event_data
+
+
 def test_get_pr_number_from_github_env_no_pr(
     monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
 ) -> None:
@@ -227,6 +244,44 @@ def test_get_changed_files_github_actions_pull_request_large_pr(
         assert result == expected_files
 
 
+def test_get_changed_files_github_actions_pull_request_large_diff(
+    monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test _get_changed_files_github_actions fallback for PRs with >20000 diff lines."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME", "pull_request")
+
+    expected_files = ["file1.py", "file2.cpp"]
+
+    with (
+        patch("helpers._get_pr_number_from_github_env", return_value="17909"),
+        patch("helpers._get_changed_files_from_command") as mock_get,
+    ):
+        # First call fails with too many diff lines error, second succeeds with API method
+        mock_get.side_effect = [
+            Exception(
+                "could not find pull request diff: HTTP 406: Sorry, "
+                "the diff exceeded the maximum number of lines (20000)"
+            ),
+            expected_files,
+        ]
+
+        result = _get_changed_files_github_actions()
+
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+        mock_get.assert_any_call(["gh", "pr", "diff", "17909", "--name-only"])
+        mock_get.assert_any_call(
+            [
+                "gh",
+                "api",
+                "repos/esphome/esphome/pulls/17909/files",
+                "--paginate",
+                "--jq",
+                ".[].filename",
+            ]
+        )
+        assert result == expected_files
+
+
 def test_get_changed_files_github_actions_pull_request_other_error(
     monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
@@ -1835,3 +1890,233 @@ def test_get_component_test_files_component_without_tests(
 )
 def test_is_validate_only_file(filename: str, expected: bool, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert helpers.is_validate_only_file(tmp_path / filename) is expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("files", "expected"),
+    [
+        (["esphome/config.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/yaml_util.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/__main__.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/const.pyi"], True),
+        (["README.md", "esphome/helpers.py"], True),
+        (["esphome/core/config.py"], False),
+        (["esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py"], False),
+        (["esphome/dashboard/web_server.py"], False),
+        (["esphome/idf_component.yml"], False),
+        (["tests/unit_tests/test_config.py"], False),
+        ([], False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_base_python_changed(files: list[str], expected: bool) -> None:
+    """Only Python modules directly in esphome/ count as base Python changes."""
+    assert helpers.base_python_changed(files) is expected
+
+
+def _gh_error(stderr: str) -> subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+    return subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, ["gh"], output="", stderr=stderr)
+
+
+def _gh_success(stdout: str = "ok\n") -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    return subprocess.CompletedProcess(["gh"], 0, stdout=stdout, stderr="")
+
+
+def test_run_gh_command_success() -> None:
+    """A successful command returns without retrying."""
+    with patch("helpers.subprocess.run", return_value=_gh_success()) as mock_run:
+        result = run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    assert result.stdout == "ok\n"
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "second_error",
+    [
+        (
+            'Post "https://api.github.com/graphql": tls: failed to verify'
+            " certificate: x509: certificate is not valid for any names,"
+            " but wanted to match api.github.com"
+        ),
+        'Post "https://api.github.com/graphql": EOF',
+        (
+            "error connecting to api.github.com\n"
+            "check your internet connection or https://githubstatus.com"
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_run_gh_command_retries_transient_error(second_error: str) -> None:
+    """Transient server errors are retried with 2s/4s backoff."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "helpers.subprocess.run",
+            side_effect=[
+                _gh_error("HTTP 502: 502 Bad Gateway (https://api.github.com/graphql)"),
+                _gh_error(second_error),
+                _gh_success(),
+            ],
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+    ):
+        result = run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    assert result.stdout == "ok\n"
+    assert mock_run.call_count == 3
+    assert [call.args[0] for call in mock_sleep.call_args_list] == [2, 4]
+
+
+def test_run_gh_command_gives_up_after_max_attempts() -> None:
+    """A persistent transient error raises after the third attempt."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "helpers.subprocess.run",
+            side_effect=_gh_error("HTTP 503: Service Unavailable"),
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError),
+    ):
+        run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    assert mock_run.call_count == 3
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "stderr",
+    [
+        "HTTP 404: Not Found (https://api.github.com/repos/x)",
+        "HTTP 401: Bad credentials",
+        "HTTP 403: API rate limit exceeded for installation ID 123.",
+        "diff exceeded the maximum number of changed files (300)",
+        (
+            "GraphQL: Could not resolve to a PullRequest with the number of 999999."
+            " (repository.pullRequest)"
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_run_gh_command_permanent_error_not_retried(stderr: str) -> None:
+    """Permanent failures raise immediately without any retry."""
+    with (
+        patch("helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=_gh_error(stderr)) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError),
+    ):
+        run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_gh_command_no_retry_for_non_idempotent_commands() -> None:
+    """retry=False fails on the first error even when it looks transient."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "helpers.subprocess.run",
+            side_effect=_gh_error("HTTP 502: 502 Bad Gateway"),
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch("helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError),
+    ):
+        run_gh_command(["gh", "pr", "comment", "123", "--body", "x"], retry=False)
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_get_changed_files_from_command_gh_failure_keeps_stderr() -> None:
+    """Failures from gh surface stderr so callers can detect the 300-file limit."""
+    stderr = "diff exceeded the maximum number of changed files (300)"
+    with (
+        patch("helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=_gh_error(stderr)),
+        pytest.raises(Exception, match="maximum number of changed files"),
+    ):
+        _get_changed_files_from_command(["gh", "pr", "diff", "123", "--name-only"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("file_path", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp", True),
+        ("esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h", True),
+        ("esphome/components/time/__init__.py", True),
+        ("esphome/components/sntp/time.py", True),
+        ("tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp", True),
+        ("tests/components/time/__init__.py", True),
+        # Platform override: tests/components/<component>/<domain>/__init__.py
+        ("tests/components/template/sensor/__init__.py", True),
+        # pytest-only files do not shape the C++ test binary
+        ("tests/components/socket/conftest.py", False),
+        ("tests/components/socket/test_socket.py", False),
+        ("tests/components/time/test.esp32-idf.yaml", False),
+        ("esphome/core/time.cpp", False),
+        ("esphome/config.py", False),
+        ("script/helpers.py", False),
+        ("README.md", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file_path: str, expected: bool) -> None:
+    """Test which changed files can affect a component's C++ unit test build."""
+    assert helpers.filter_cpp_unit_test_files(file_path) is expected
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cpp_unit_test_tree(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Path:
+    """Fake repo root where time, sntp and api have C++ unit tests.
+
+    homeassistant depends on time but has no C++ tests, so it must be
+    dropped from the selection; socket has only pytest files.
+    """
+    tests_dir = tmp_path / "tests" / "components"
+    for component in ("time", "sntp", "api"):
+        (tests_dir / component).mkdir(parents=True)
+        (tests_dir / component / f"{component}.cpp").write_text("")
+    (tests_dir / "homeassistant").mkdir()
+    (tests_dir / "homeassistant" / "__init__.py").write_text("")
+    (tests_dir / "socket").mkdir()
+    (tests_dir / "socket" / "conftest.py").write_text("")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        helpers,
+        "create_components_graph",
+        lambda: {"time": ["homeassistant", "sntp"]},
+    )
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("files", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Component changes expand to dependents with C++ tests
+        (["esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], ["sntp", "time"]),
+        (["esphome/components/time/__init__.py"], ["sntp", "time"]),
+        # Dependent without C++ tests is dropped
+        (["esphome/components/homeassistant/__init__.py"], []),
+        # Test changes select only that component
+        (["tests/components/time/posix_tz.cpp"], ["time"]),
+        (["tests/components/time/__init__.py"], ["time"]),
+        (["tests/components/homeassistant/__init__.py"], []),
+        (["tests/components/socket/conftest.py"], []),
+        (["tests/components/time/test.esp32-idf.yaml"], []),
+        (
+            ["esphome/components/time/__init__.py", "tests/components/api/api.cpp"],
+            ["api", "sntp", "time"],
+        ),
+        ([], []),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("cpp_unit_test_tree")
+def test_get_cpp_changed_components(files: list[str], expected: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Test that C++ and Python component changes select the right unit tests."""
+    assert helpers.get_cpp_changed_components(files) == expected
+
+
+def test_get_cpp_changed_components_independent_of_cwd(
+    cpp_unit_test_tree: Path,
+    tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test directories resolve against root_path, not the current directory."""
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path_factory.mktemp("elsewhere"))
+    assert helpers.get_cpp_changed_components(
+        ["tests/components/time/__init__.py"]
+    ) == ["time"]
diff --git a/tests/script/test_merge_component_configs.py b/tests/script/test_merge_component_configs.py
index 6ed1bd2c1e..27be3b5628 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_merge_component_configs.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_merge_component_configs.py
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ sys.path.insert(0, str((Path(__file__).parent / ".." / ".." / "script").resolve(
 
 import merge_component_configs  # noqa: E402
 
+from esphome import yaml_util  # noqa: E402
+
 deduplicate_by_id = merge_component_configs.deduplicate_by_id
+prepare_component_body = merge_component_configs.prepare_component_body
 
 
 def test_identical_duplicate_ids_collapse() -> None:
@@ -99,3 +102,56 @@ def test_nested_lists_are_checked() -> None:
     }
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="dup"):
         deduplicate_by_id(data)
+
+
+def test_nested_package_includes_are_fully_expanded(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A package include that itself pulls in another package expands fully.
+
+    Mirrors web_server's tests, where test.yaml includes common_v2, which
+    includes common (holding the wifi/network config). Without recursive
+    expansion the nested include is dropped and network config is lost.
+    """
+    (tmp_path / "common.yaml").write_text("wifi:\n  ssid: MySSID\n")
+    (tmp_path / "common_v2.yaml").write_text(
+        "packages:\n  device_base: !include common.yaml\nweb_server:\n  port: 8080\n"
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "packages:\n  web_server: !include common_v2.yaml\n"
+        "web_server:\n  auth:\n    username: admin\n"
+    )
+
+    comp_data = yaml_util.load_yaml(tmp_path / "test.yaml")
+    result = prepare_component_body(comp_data, "web_server", tmp_path)
+
+    assert "packages" not in result
+    assert result["wifi"] == {"ssid": "MySSID"}
+    assert result["web_server"] == {"port": 8080, "auth": {"username": "admin"}}
+
+
+def test_common_bus_package_is_left_for_caller(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Common bus packages are not expanded inline; the caller re-adds them."""
+    comp_data = {
+        "packages": {
+            "i2c": {"sda": 21, "scl": 22},
+            "device_base": {"wifi": {"ssid": "MySSID"}},
+        },
+    }
+    result = prepare_component_body(comp_data, "mycomp", tmp_path)
+
+    # The bus package's body must not be merged in, and the packages key is
+    # dropped entirely for the caller to re-add the common bus package.
+    assert "packages" not in result
+    assert "sda" not in result
+    assert result["wifi"] == {"ssid": "MySSID"}
+
+
+def test_list_style_packages_are_expanded(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """List-style package includes are expanded and the key removed."""
+    (tmp_path / "common.yaml").write_text("wifi:\n  ssid: MySSID\n")
+    (tmp_path / "test.yaml").write_text("packages:\n  - !include common.yaml\n")
+
+    comp_data = yaml_util.load_yaml(tmp_path / "test.yaml")
+    result = prepare_component_body(comp_data, "mycomp", tmp_path)
+
+    assert "packages" not in result
+    assert result["wifi"] == {"ssid": "MySSID"}
diff --git a/tests/script/test_test_build_components.py b/tests/script/test_test_build_components.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74e150380c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/script/test_test_build_components.py
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+"""Unit tests for script/test_build_components.py logging helpers."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+# Add the script directory to the path so we can import the module under test.
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "script"))
+
+import test_build_components as tbc  # noqa: E402
+
+
+class _FakeCompleted:
+    """Minimal stand-in for subprocess.CompletedProcess."""
+
+    def __init__(self, returncode: int) -> None:
+        self.returncode = returncode
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def _no_ci(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Ensure GITHUB_ACTIONS is unset so group markers are suppressed."""
+    monkeypatch.delenv("GITHUB_ACTIONS", raising=False)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def _ci(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Pretend we are running inside GitHub Actions."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("GITHUB_ACTIONS", "true")
+
+
+def test_start_log_group_outside_ci_is_silent(
+    _no_ci: None, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    tbc.start_log_group("hello")
+    assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
+
+
+def test_end_log_group_outside_ci_is_silent(
+    _no_ci: None, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    tbc.end_log_group()
+    assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
+
+
+def test_start_log_group_in_ci_emits_marker(
+    _ci: None, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    tbc.start_log_group("hello")
+    assert capsys.readouterr().out == "::group::hello\n"
+
+
+def test_end_log_group_in_ci_emits_marker(
+    _ci: None, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    tbc.end_log_group()
+    assert capsys.readouterr().out == "::endgroup::\n"
+
+
+def _make_base_file(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    base_file = tmp_path / "base.yaml"
+    base_file.write_text("esphome:\n  name: $component_test_file\n")
+    return base_file
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_test_wraps_output_in_group(
+    _ci: None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """A passing single-component test is bracketed by group markers."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc.subprocess, "run", lambda *a, **k: _FakeCompleted(0))
+    repo_root = Path(tbc.__file__).parent.parent
+    test_file = repo_root / "tests" / "components" / "foo" / "test.esp32-idf.yaml"
+
+    result = tbc.run_esphome_test(
+        component="foo",
+        test_file=test_file,
+        platform="esp32-idf",
+        platform_with_version="esp32-idf",
+        base_file=_make_base_file(tmp_path),
+        build_dir=tmp_path,
+        esphome_command="config",
+        continue_on_fail=True,
+    )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert result.success is True
+    assert "::group::[foo] [test] [esp32-idf]" in out
+    assert "::endgroup::" in out
+    # The header line is printed inside the group.
+    assert out.index("::group::") < out.index("> [foo]") < out.index("::endgroup::")
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_test_closes_group_before_failure_report(
+    _ci: None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """On a fail-fast failure the group closes before the reproduce report."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc.subprocess, "run", lambda *a, **k: _FakeCompleted(1))
+    repo_root = Path(tbc.__file__).parent.parent
+    test_file = repo_root / "tests" / "components" / "foo" / "test.esp32-idf.yaml"
+
+    # continue_on_fail=False makes the failure raise after printing the
+    # reproduce block, which is the path that must stay outside the group.
+    with pytest.raises(tbc.subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        tbc.run_esphome_test(
+            component="foo",
+            test_file=test_file,
+            platform="esp32-idf",
+            platform_with_version="esp32-idf",
+            base_file=_make_base_file(tmp_path),
+            build_dir=tmp_path,
+            esphome_command="config",
+            continue_on_fail=False,
+        )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "::endgroup::" in out
+    assert "FAILED - Command to reproduce:" in out
+    # The group must be closed before the failure report is printed.
+    assert out.index("::endgroup::") < out.index("FAILED - Command to reproduce:")
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_test_closes_group_when_subprocess_raises(
+    _ci: None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """If the subprocess raises, the group is still closed (via finally)."""
+
+    def _boom(*a: object, **k: object) -> None:
+        raise OSError("boom")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc.subprocess, "run", _boom)
+    repo_root = Path(tbc.__file__).parent.parent
+    test_file = repo_root / "tests" / "components" / "foo" / "test.esp32-idf.yaml"
+
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="boom"):
+        tbc.run_esphome_test(
+            component="foo",
+            test_file=test_file,
+            platform="esp32-idf",
+            platform_with_version="esp32-idf",
+            base_file=_make_base_file(tmp_path),
+            build_dir=tmp_path,
+            esphome_command="config",
+            continue_on_fail=True,
+        )
+
+    assert "::endgroup::" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_run_grouped_test_wraps_output_in_group(
+    _ci: None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """A grouped test is bracketed by group markers listing its components."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc.subprocess, "run", lambda *a, **k: _FakeCompleted(0))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc, "merge_component_configs", lambda **k: None)
+
+    result = tbc.run_grouped_test(
+        components=["foo", "bar"],
+        platform="esp32-idf",
+        platform_with_version="esp32-idf",
+        base_file=_make_base_file(tmp_path),
+        build_dir=tmp_path,
+        tests_dir=tmp_path,
+        esphome_command="config",
+        continue_on_fail=True,
+    )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert result.success is True
+    assert "::group::[GROUPED: foo, bar] [esp32-idf]" in out
+    assert out.index("::group::") < out.index("> [GROUPED") < out.index("::endgroup::")
+
+
+def test_run_grouped_test_closes_group_before_failure_report(
+    _ci: None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """A fail-fast grouped failure closes the group before the report."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc.subprocess, "run", lambda *a, **k: _FakeCompleted(1))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc, "merge_component_configs", lambda **k: None)
+
+    with pytest.raises(tbc.subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        tbc.run_grouped_test(
+            components=["foo", "bar"],
+            platform="esp32-idf",
+            platform_with_version="esp32-idf",
+            base_file=_make_base_file(tmp_path),
+            build_dir=tmp_path,
+            tests_dir=tmp_path,
+            esphome_command="config",
+            continue_on_fail=False,
+        )
+
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert out.index("::endgroup::") < out.index("FAILED - Command to reproduce:")
+
+
+def test_run_grouped_test_closes_group_when_subprocess_raises(
+    _ci: None,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """If the grouped subprocess raises, the group is still closed (finally)."""
+
+    def _boom(*a: object, **k: object) -> None:
+        raise OSError("boom")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc.subprocess, "run", _boom)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(tbc, "merge_component_configs", lambda **k: None)
+
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="boom"):
+        tbc.run_grouped_test(
+            components=["foo", "bar"],
+            platform="esp32-idf",
+            platform_with_version="esp32-idf",
+            base_file=_make_base_file(tmp_path),
+            build_dir=tmp_path,
+            tests_dir=tmp_path,
+            esphome_command="config",
+            continue_on_fail=True,
+        )
+
+    assert "::endgroup::" in capsys.readouterr().out
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.nrf52-microbit.yaml
similarity index 72%
rename from tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
rename to tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.nrf52-microbit.yaml
index 0922a5238e..37728b4b64 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.nrf52-microbit.yaml
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 esphome:
-  name: componenttestrp2040pico2ard
+  name: componenttestnrf52
   friendly_name: $component_name
 
-rp2040:
-  board: rpipico2
+nrf52:
+  board: bbc_microbit
 
 logger:
   level: VERY_VERBOSE
+  hardware_uart: UART0
 
 packages:
   component_under_test: !include
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 4fb8d51333..4d26a38b69 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ esphome:
   name: componenttestrp2040ard
   friendly_name: $component_name
 
-rp2040:
+rp2:
   board: rpipicow
 
 logger:
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f76c5fc3f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2350-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+esphome:
+  name: componenttestrp2040pico2ard
+  friendly_name: $component_name
+
+# rpipico2w: superset of rpipico2 with the CYW43 radio, so wireless
+# components (wifi, BLE) can share this target too.
+rp2:
+  board: rpipico2w
+
+logger:
+  level: VERY_VERBOSE
+
+packages:
+  component_under_test: !include
+    file: $component_test_file
+    vars:
+      component_test_file: $component_test_file
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md b/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md
index 5e925d0067..010313db7f 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/README.md
@@ -31,11 +31,14 @@ common/
 │   ├── esp32-c3-idf.yaml
 │   ├── esp8266-ard.yaml
 │   └── rp2040-ard.yaml
-├── modbus/           # Modbus (includes uart via packages)
+├── modbus/           # Modbus client (includes uart via packages)
 │   ├── esp32-idf.yaml
 │   ├── esp32-c3-idf.yaml
 │   ├── esp8266-ard.yaml
 │   └── rp2040-ard.yaml
+├── modbus_server/    # Modbus server (includes uart via packages)
+│   ├── esp32-idf.yaml
+│   └── esp8266-ard.yaml
 └── ble/
     ├── esp32-idf.yaml
     ├── esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -45,14 +48,13 @@ common/
 ## How It Works
 
 ### Component Test Structure
-Each component test includes the common bus config:
+Each component test includes the common bus config and its own `common.yaml` through dict-style `packages:`. Always use packages for every include — the grouping scripts only understand dict-style packages, so list-style packages or top-level `<<:` merge keys prevent correct batch grouping. Key the bus package by the bus name and the component's `common.yaml` by the component name:
 
 ```yaml
 # tests/components/bh1750/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  bh1750: !include common.yaml
 ```
 
 The common config provides:
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/i2s_audio/esp32-s2-idf.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/i2s_audio/esp32-s2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..386389ed77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/i2s_audio/esp32-s2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common I2S audio bus configuration for ESP32-S2 IDF tests
+# Provides a shared i2s_audio bus that speaker/microphone components can use
+# Each consumer must give its speaker/microphone a unique data pin
+
+substitutions:
+  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO5
+  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO4
+  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO15
+
+i2s_audio:
+  - id: i2s_audio_bus
+    i2s_bclk_pin: ${i2s_bclk_pin}
+    i2s_lrclk_pin: ${i2s_lrclk_pin}
+    i2s_mclk_pin: ${i2s_mclk_pin}
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..093467ebfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Common server-role Modbus configuration for ESP32 IDF tests
+# Provides a shared Modbus bus that all Modbus server components can use
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+modbus:
+  - id: modbus_server_bus
+    uart_id: uart_bus
+    role: server
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab9cad8b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/modbus_server/esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Common server-role Modbus configuration for ESP8266 Arduino tests
+# Provides a shared Modbus bus that all Modbus server components can use
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+modbus:
+  - id: modbus_server_bus
+    uart_id: uart_bus
+    role: server
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2350-ard.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
rename to tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2350-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..986ab45223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Shared "test display" package for component tests.
+#
+# Provides a no-op display (id: test_display_screen) that uses no pins and no
+# bus, so tests that only need a display to exist -- touchscreens especially --
+# don't have to instantiate a real driver and fight it over GPIOs. Include it
+# like a common bus package; the consuming test does NOT need to declare
+# external_components itself:
+#
+#   packages:
+#     test_display: !include ../../test_build_components/common/test_display/test_display.yaml
+#
+# then point the touchscreen (or other display consumer) at `test_display_screen`.
+#
+# The test_display platform lives at tests/components/test_display/components/ and
+# is loaded via external_components. The source path is written relative to the
+# build directory (tests/test_build_components/build/), which every test --
+# standalone or grouped -- is generated into, so this always resolves to the
+# component under tests/components/test_display/.
+external_components:
+  - source: ../../components/test_display/components
+    components: [test_display]
+
+display:
+  - platform: test_display
+    id: test_display_screen
+    dimensions: 240x320
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-h2-idf.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-h2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51d45fe6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-h2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-H2 IDF tests
+# Provides a shared UART bus that components can use
+# Components will auto-use this bus if they don't specify uart_id
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO12
+  rx_pin: GPIO13
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed37858b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_build_artifacts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""Tests for locating build artifacts across the supported toolchain layouts."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.analyze_memory.toolchain import (
+    find_elf_path,
+    find_idedata_path,
+    idedata_candidates,
+)
+from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import _cc_path_from_cxx
+from esphome.platformio.toolchain import IDEData
+
+
+def _make_build_dir(tmp_path: Path, name: str = "mydevice") -> Path:
+    """Create <tmp_path>/.esphome/build/<name>, mirroring a real data dir."""
+    build_path = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / name
+    build_path.mkdir(parents=True)
+    return build_path
+
+
+def _touch(path: Path) -> Path:
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    return path
+
+
+def test_find_elf_path_native_esp_idf(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The native ESP-IDF toolchain writes the ELF under build/."""
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    elf = _touch(build_path / "build" / "firmware.elf")
+
+    assert find_elf_path(build_path) == elf
+
+
+def test_find_elf_path_platformio(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The PlatformIO toolchain writes the ELF under .pioenvs/<name>/."""
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    elf = _touch(build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "firmware.elf")
+
+    assert find_elf_path(build_path) == elf
+
+
+def test_find_elf_path_libretiny(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The LibreTiny toolchain names the unwrapped ELF raw_firmware.elf."""
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    elf = _touch(build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "raw_firmware.elf")
+
+    assert find_elf_path(build_path) == elf
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "relative_elf",
+    [
+        # SDK < 2.9.2
+        "zephyr/zephyr.elf",
+        # SDK >= 2.9.2 nests the artifacts one level deeper
+        "zephyr/zephyr/zephyr.elf",
+    ],
+)
+def test_find_elf_path_zephyr(tmp_path: Path, relative_elf: str) -> None:
+    """Zephyr (nRF52) keeps the ELF under .pioenvs/<name>/zephyr/."""
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    elf = _touch(build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / relative_elf)
+
+    assert find_elf_path(build_path) == elf
+
+
+def test_find_elf_path_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An unknown layout resolves to None rather than a bogus path."""
+    assert find_elf_path(_make_build_dir(tmp_path)) is None
+
+
+def test_find_idedata_path_in_data_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The idedata cache sits in the data dir that holds the build dir."""
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    idedata = _touch(tmp_path / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{build_path.name}.json")
+
+    assert find_idedata_path(build_path) == idedata
+
+
+def test_find_idedata_path_in_pioenvs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test builds may keep idedata alongside the PlatformIO env."""
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    idedata = _touch(build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "idedata.json")
+
+    assert find_idedata_path(build_path) == idedata
+
+
+def test_find_idedata_path_missing(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A missing idedata resolves to None."""
+    # Keep the cwd/home fallbacks from finding an unrelated file on this machine
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", classmethod(lambda cls: tmp_path))
+
+    assert find_idedata_path(_make_build_dir(tmp_path)) is None
+
+
+def test_idedata_candidates_are_what_find_probes(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Every advertised candidate is one find_idedata_path actually accepts.
+
+    The candidates are reported to the user when idedata is missing, so a list
+    that drifts from the lookup would send someone hunting in the wrong place.
+    """
+    # Two candidates are relative to the cwd and to home; keep the test from
+    # writing into the real ones.
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", classmethod(lambda cls: tmp_path))
+
+    build_path = _make_build_dir(tmp_path)
+    candidates = idedata_candidates(build_path)
+
+    assert candidates, "no candidates advertised"
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        _touch(candidate)
+        assert find_idedata_path(build_path) == candidate
+        candidate.unlink()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("cxx_path", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("/tools/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++", "/tools/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc"),
+        ("/tools/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-g++", "/tools/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-gcc"),
+        (
+            r"C:\tools\bin\xtensa-esp32-elf-g++.exe",
+            r"C:\tools\bin\xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc.exe",
+        ),
+        # Nothing to rewrite; leave the path alone
+        ("/tools/bin/clang++", "/tools/bin/clang++"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    """cc_path is derived from the C++ compiler that compile_commands.json names."""
+    assert _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path) == expected
+
+
+def test_native_idedata_resolves_toolchain_tools() -> None:
+    """The binutils paths are derived from the native ESP-IDF cc_path.
+
+    Without cc_path, IDEData.objdump_path raises EsphomeError and the
+    memory analysis silently degrades to no component or symbol detail.
+    """
+    idedata = IDEData(
+        {
+            "cc_path": _cc_path_from_cxx("/tools/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"),
+            "cxx_path": "/tools/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++",
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert idedata.objdump_path == "/tools/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-objdump"
+    assert idedata.readelf_path == "/tools/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-readelf"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_extract.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_extract.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73a1c63e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_extract.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""Tests for script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py."""
+
+import io
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+# Add script directory to path so we can import the module
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent.parent / "script"))
+
+from ci_memory_impact_extract import main  # noqa: E402
+
+_COMPILE_OUTPUT = (
+    "RAM:   [====      ]  36.1% (used 29548 bytes from 81920 bytes)\n"
+    "Flash: [===       ]  34.0% (used 348511 bytes from 1023984 bytes)\n"
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _no_github_output(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.delenv("GITHUB_OUTPUT", raising=False)
+
+
+def _run(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, compile_output: str, argv: list[str]) -> int:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdin", io.StringIO(compile_output))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["ci_memory_impact_extract.py", *argv])
+    return main()
+
+
+def test_missing_detailed_analysis_fails(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A build with no usable ELF fails instead of posting a comment without detail."""
+    build_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "mydevice"
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    out_json = tmp_path / "analysis.json"
+
+    rc = _run(
+        monkeypatch,
+        _COMPILE_OUTPUT,
+        ["--build-dir", str(build_dir), "--output-json", str(out_json)],
+    )
+
+    assert rc == 1
+    # The totals are still written so the failure can be diagnosed from the artifact
+    assert out_json.is_file()
+
+
+def test_undetected_build_dir_fails(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Compile output without a build path cannot be analyzed, so it fails."""
+    assert _run(monkeypatch, _COMPILE_OUTPUT, []) == 1
+
+
+def test_unparseable_output_fails(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Output with no memory totals at all is still a failure."""
+    assert _run(monkeypatch, "nothing useful here\n", []) == 1
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ram_strings.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ram_strings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dda793a7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ram_strings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Tests for RAM symbol analysis in the RAM strings analyzer."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from esphome.analyze_memory.ram_strings import RamStringsAnalyzer, SectionInfo
+
+# nm -S --size-sort output with the newlib lock mutexes: nine global
+# symbols that are all aliases of two local StaticSemaphore_t objects.
+NM_OUTPUT_WITH_ALIASES = """\
+3ffb4400 00000010 B small_symbol
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___atexit_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___env_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___malloc_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___sfp_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___sinit_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 b s_common_recursive_mutex
+3ffb441c 00000054 B __lock___arc4random_mutex
+3ffb441c 00000054 B __lock___at_quick_exit_mutex
+3ffb441c 00000054 B __lock___dd_hash_mutex
+3ffb441c 00000054 B __lock___tz_mutex
+3ffb441c 00000054 b s_common_mutex
+"""
+
+
+def _make_analyzer(tmp_path) -> RamStringsAnalyzer:
+    """Create an analyzer with a dummy ELF and a .dram0.bss section."""
+    elf = tmp_path / "firmware.elf"
+    elf.write_bytes(b"\x7fELF")
+    analyzer = RamStringsAnalyzer(str(elf), platform="esp32")
+    analyzer.sections[".dram0.bss"] = SectionInfo(".dram0.bss", 0x3FFB0000, 0x10000)
+    return analyzer
+
+
+def _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer: RamStringsAnalyzer, nm_output: str) -> None:
+    """Run _analyze_symbols with mocked nm output."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.analyze_memory.ram_strings.find_tool",
+            return_value="nm",
+        ),
+        patch.object(analyzer, "_run_command", return_value=nm_output),
+    ):
+        analyzer._analyze_symbols()
+
+
+def test_aliased_symbols_counted_once(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Symbols sharing an address are one object, not one per name."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(tmp_path)
+    _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer, NM_OUTPUT_WITH_ALIASES)
+
+    # Three distinct addresses, so three symbols
+    assert len(analyzer.ram_symbols) == 3
+    total = sum(s.size for s in analyzer.ram_symbols)
+    assert total == 0x10 + 0x54 + 0x54
+
+
+def test_aliases_recorded_on_first_symbol(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Extra names at the same address are kept as aliases."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(tmp_path)
+    _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer, NM_OUTPUT_WITH_ALIASES)
+
+    by_addr = {s.address: s for s in analyzer.ram_symbols}
+    assert len(by_addr[0x3FFB43C8].aliases) == 5
+    assert len(by_addr[0x3FFB441C].aliases) == 4
+    assert by_addr[0x3FFB4400].aliases == []
+    assert "s_common_mutex" in by_addr[0x3FFB441C].aliases
+
+
+def test_alias_count_shown_in_report(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The large symbols table notes how many aliases were merged."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(tmp_path)
+    _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer, NM_OUTPUT_WITH_ALIASES)
+
+    report = analyzer.generate_report()
+    assert "(+5 aliases)" in report
+    assert "(+4 aliases)" in report
+    # Each lock name appears at most once in the report
+    assert report.count("__lock___") == 2
+
+
+def test_global_name_preferred_over_local_alias(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A global name becomes the primary even when nm lists a local first."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(tmp_path)
+    nm_output = """\
+3ffb43c8 00000054 b s_common_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___atexit_recursive_mutex
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B __lock___malloc_recursive_mutex
+"""
+    _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer, nm_output)
+
+    (symbol,) = analyzer.ram_symbols
+    assert symbol.name == "__lock___atexit_recursive_mutex"
+    assert symbol.sym_type == "B"
+    assert sorted(symbol.aliases) == [
+        "__lock___malloc_recursive_mutex",
+        "s_common_recursive_mutex",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_alias_note_survives_name_truncation(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Long names are truncated but the alias note is kept intact."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(tmp_path)
+    long_name = "a_very_long_symbol_name_that_exceeds_the_column_width_by_far"
+    nm_output = f"""\
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B {long_name}
+3ffb43c8 00000054 B other_name
+"""
+    _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer, nm_output)
+
+    report = analyzer.generate_report()
+    row = next(line for line in report.splitlines() if "(+1 aliases)" in line)
+    name_column = row[:50].rstrip()
+    assert name_column.endswith("(+1 aliases)")
+    assert name_column.startswith("a_very_long_symbol_name")
+
+
+def test_symbols_outside_ram_sections_skipped(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Symbols outside known RAM sections are ignored entirely."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(tmp_path)
+    nm_output = "40080000 00000100 B not_in_ram\n"
+    _run_symbol_analysis(analyzer, nm_output)
+    assert analyzer.ram_symbols == []
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py
index 0f4444f719..079f10ddb9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
@@ -11,10 +12,12 @@ import pytest
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     KEY_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS,
     KEY_IDF_VERSION,
     KEY_PATH,
     KEY_REF,
     KEY_REPO,
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import KEY_CORE
@@ -28,25 +31,42 @@ def _reset_core(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_CORE, {})
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {
         KEY_COMPONENTS: {},
+        KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS: set(),
         KEY_IDF_VERSION: cv.Version(5, 5, 4),
     }
 
 
-def _write_project_description(tmp_path: Path, components: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+def _write_project_description(
+    tmp_path: Path, components: dict[str, str], idf_path: str = "/idf"
+) -> None:
     """Stub a project_description.json with the given component_name -> dir map."""
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
     (build_dir / "project_description.json").write_text(
         json.dumps(
             {
+                "idf_path": idf_path,
                 "build_component_info": {
                     name: {"dir": dir_} for name, dir_ in components.items()
-                }
+                },
             }
         )
     )
 
 
+def _render(minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None) -> str:
+    """Render the top-level CMakeLists with the standard variant/name patches."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
+        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
+    ):
+        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
+
+        return get_project_cmakelists(
+            minimal=minimal, builtin_components=builtin_components
+        )
+
+
 def test_get_available_components_returns_none_without_build_path() -> None:
     """No build_path set yet: must not raise on Path(None)."""
     CORE.build_path = None
@@ -63,8 +83,11 @@ def test_get_available_components_returns_none_without_project_description(
     assert get_available_components() is None
 
 
-def test_get_available_components_filters_src_managed_and_pio(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Built-ins are returned; src/, managed_components/, pio_components/ skipped."""
+def test_get_available_components_keeps_only_idf_tree_components(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Only components under idf_path/components are built-ins: src, managed,
+    converted PIO libs and Arduino component_stubs are all left out."""
     _write_project_description(
         tmp_path,
         {
@@ -72,6 +95,7 @@ def test_get_available_components_filters_src_managed_and_pio(tmp_path: Path) ->
             "esp_lcd": "/idf/components/esp_lcd",
             "espressif__arduino-esp32": f"{tmp_path}/managed_components/arduino",
             "JPEGDEC": f"{tmp_path}/pio_components/arduino/abc/bitbank2/JPEGDEC",
+            "cbor": f"{tmp_path}/component_stubs/cbor",
             "freertos": "/idf/components/freertos",
         },
     )
@@ -80,6 +104,75 @@ def test_get_available_components_filters_src_managed_and_pio(tmp_path: Path) ->
     assert sorted(get_available_components()) == ["esp_lcd", "freertos"]
 
 
+def test_codegen_and_configure_writes_render_the_same_cmakelists(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """write_project() at codegen time (no list) and the configure-time write
+    (discovered list) must agree, or ninja re-runs cmake on every build."""
+    _write_project_description(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "lwip": "/idf/components/lwip",
+            "cbor": f"{tmp_path}/component_stubs/cbor",
+        },
+    )
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_available_components
+
+    assert _render() == _render(builtin_components=get_available_components())
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS cbor" not in _render()
+
+
+def test_get_available_components_warns_when_nothing_is_under_idf_path(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    _write_project_description(tmp_path, {"cbor": f"{tmp_path}/component_stubs/cbor"})
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import (
+        get_available_components,
+        has_discovered_components,
+    )
+
+    assert get_available_components() == []
+    assert "No ESP-IDF components found under" in caplog.text
+    # An empty discovery must not count as configured, or it would be latched in.
+    assert not has_discovered_components()
+
+
+def test_get_available_components_ignores_corrupt_or_unexpected_file(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import (
+        get_available_components,
+        has_discovered_components,
+    )
+
+    (build_dir / "project_description.json").write_text("{not json")
+    assert get_available_components() is None
+    assert not has_discovered_components()
+    (build_dir / "project_description.json").write_text('{"build_component_info": {}}')
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.build_gen.espidf"):
+        assert get_available_components() is None
+    assert "Could not read" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_has_discovered_components_after_configure(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _write_project_description(tmp_path, {"lwip": "/idf/components/lwip"})
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import has_discovered_components
+
+    assert has_discovered_components()
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_uses_supplied_builtin_components() -> None:
+    """A cached list replaces project_description.json and is still filtered
+    by EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS."""
+    with patch.dict(CORE.cmake_args, {"EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": "fatfs;unity"}):
+        content = _render(builtin_components=["lwip", "fatfs", "esp_timer"])
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS esp_timer APPEND" in content
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS lwip APPEND" in content
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS fatfs APPEND" not in content
+
+
 def test_get_project_cmakelists_minimal_omits_builtin_components_property(
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
@@ -88,13 +181,7 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_minimal_omits_builtin_components_property(
     first write before the discovery pass refreshes it)."""
     _write_project_description(tmp_path, {"esp_lcd": "/idf/components/esp_lcd"})
 
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
-        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
-    ):
-        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
-
-        content = get_project_cmakelists(minimal=True)
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
 
     assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS" not in content
 
@@ -115,13 +202,7 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_full_emits_builtin_components_property(
         },
     )
 
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
-        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
-    ):
-        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
-
-        content = get_project_cmakelists(minimal=False)
+    content = _render()
 
     assert (
         "idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS esp_lcd APPEND)"
@@ -136,6 +217,118 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_full_emits_builtin_components_property(
     assert "JPEGDEC APPEND" not in content
 
 
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_emits_cmake_args() -> None:
+    """Args registered via CORE.add_cmake_arg() are emitted as set() lines,
+    on minimal writes too."""
+    CORE.add_cmake_arg("EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME", "src")
+
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
+
+    assert 'set(EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME "src")' in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_escapes_backslashes_in_cmake_args() -> None:
+    """Backslashes (the only character escaping applies to; the rest are
+    rejected at registration) are doubled so CMake reads the value back
+    verbatim."""
+    CORE.add_cmake_arg("MY_PATH", r"C:\esp\idf")
+
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
+
+    assert r'set(MY_PATH "C:\\esp\\idf")' in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_emits_exclude_components(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Excluded components are passed to IDF via EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS and are
+    dropped from ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS even when a stale
+    project_description.json still lists them (requiring an excluded
+    component would pull it back into the build)."""
+    _write_project_description(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esp_lcd": "/idf/components/esp_lcd",
+            "freertos": "/idf/components/freertos",
+            "unity": "/idf/components/unity",
+        },
+    )
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = {"unity", "esp_lcd"}
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+
+    content = _render()
+
+    assert 'set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS "esp_lcd;unity")' in content
+    # Must be set before project() so project.cmake sees it.
+    assert content.index("set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS") < content.index("project(test)")
+    assert (
+        "idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS freertos APPEND)"
+        in content
+    )
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS unity" not in content
+    assert "ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS esp_lcd" not in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_minimal_emits_exclude_components() -> None:
+    """The discovery (minimal) write also excludes components so they never
+    register in project_description.json."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = {"unity"}
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+
+    content = _render(minimal=True)
+
+    assert 'set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS "unity")' in content
+
+
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_no_exclude_components_line_when_empty() -> None:
+    """No EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS line at all when nothing is excluded."""
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+
+    content = _render()
+
+    assert "EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS" not in content
+
+
+def test_include_builtin_idf_component_removes_exclusion() -> None:
+    """include_builtin_idf_component() drops a name from the exclusion set so
+    a component a config actually uses is not passed to EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+        exclude_builtin_idf_component,
+        get_excluded_builtin_components,
+        include_builtin_idf_component,
+    )
+
+    exclude_builtin_idf_component("esp_eth")
+    exclude_builtin_idf_component("unity")
+    include_builtin_idf_component("esp_eth")
+
+    assert get_excluded_builtin_components() == ["unity"]
+
+    register_exclude_components_cmake_arg()
+    content = _render()
+
+    assert 'set(EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS "unity")' in content
+    assert "esp_eth" not in content
+
+
+def test_write_project_writes_exclude_components_stamp(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """write_project() snapshots the exclusion set; the toolchain watches the
+    stamp to trigger a discovery reconfigure when the set changes (excluded
+    components never register in project_description.json)."""
+    CORE.build_flags = set()
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = {"unity", "esp_lcd"}
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
+        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
+    ):
+        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
+
+        write_project()
+
+    stamp = tmp_path / "exclude_components.esphomeinternal"
+    assert stamp.read_text() == "esp_lcd;unity"
+
+
 def test_get_component_cmakelists_no_link_flags() -> None:
     """With no -Wl, flags the target_link_options block is emitted with an empty body."""
     CORE.build_flags = set()
@@ -184,6 +377,18 @@ def test_get_component_cmakelists_compile_flags_excluded_from_link_opts() -> Non
     assert "-Wl,--gc-sections" in content
 
 
+def test_get_component_cmakelists_globs_alternate_cpp_extensions() -> None:
+    """Both app_sources glob variants include .cc/.cxx/.c++ so vendored sources
+    are compiled, matching the extensions PlatformIO's builder globs by default."""
+    CORE.build_flags = set()
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_component_cmakelists
+
+    content = get_component_cmakelists()
+    for ext in ("cc", "cxx", "c++"):
+        assert content.count(f'"${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/*.{ext}"') == 2
+        assert content.count(f'"${{CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}}/esphome/*.{ext}"') == 2
+
+
 def test_get_project_cmakelists_emits_managed_components_property(
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
@@ -243,6 +448,7 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_no_cpp_standard(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
         patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
         patch.object(CORE, "cpp_standard", None),
+        patch.object(CORE, "cxx_build_flags", set()),
     ):
         from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
 
@@ -251,6 +457,28 @@ def test_get_project_cmakelists_no_cpp_standard(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert "CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS" not in content
 
 
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_cxx_build_flags(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Flags registered via cg.add_cxx_build_flag() are appended to
+    CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS (C++-only, GCC warns if they reach C compiles)
+    between include(project.cmake) and project()."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_esp32_variant", return_value="ESP32"),
+        patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"),
+        patch.object(CORE, "cpp_standard", None),
+        patch.object(CORE, "cxx_build_flags", {"-Wno-volatile"}),
+    ):
+        from esphome.build_gen.espidf import get_project_cmakelists
+
+        content = get_project_cmakelists(minimal=True)
+
+    flag_line = 'idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS "-Wno-volatile" APPEND)'
+    assert flag_line in content
+    include_pos = content.index("tools/cmake/project.cmake")
+    flag_pos = content.index(flag_line)
+    project_pos = content.index("project(test)")
+    assert include_pos < flag_pos < project_pos
+
+
 def test_get_component_cmakelists_no_compile_features() -> None:
     """The C++ standard is pinned project-wide via CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS in the
     top-level CMakeLists; the src component must not set its own."""
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py
index 2ae3836a25..20acbe302c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_platformio.py
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ def clean_core(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "platformio_libraries", {})
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "build_flags", set())
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "build_unflags", set())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "cmake_args", {})
 
 
 def test_get_ini_content_pins_cpp_standard(
@@ -200,3 +201,75 @@ def test_get_ini_content_no_cpp_standard(
     content = platformio.get_ini_content()
 
     assert "-std=" not in content
+
+
+def test_get_ini_content_emits_cmake_args(
+    clean_core: None, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Registered args are space-joined into one option, sorted by name."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        CORE,
+        "cmake_args",
+        {"EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME": "src", "EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": "unity"},
+    )
+
+    content = platformio.get_ini_content()
+
+    assert (
+        "board_build.cmake_extra_args = "
+        "-DEXCLUDE_COMPONENTS=unity -DEXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME=src" in content
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_ini_content_no_cmake_option_when_no_args(clean_core: None) -> None:
+    """No board_build.cmake_extra_args line at all when nothing registered
+    (ESP8266/RP2040/LibreTiny builds must not get a blank option)."""
+    content = platformio.get_ini_content()
+
+    assert "board_build.cmake_extra_args" not in content
+
+
+def test_get_ini_content_overwrites_list_valued_user_cmake_option(
+    clean_core: None, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A user-supplied board_build.cmake_extra_args may be a list; the
+    registered args must replace it without tripping add_platformio_option's
+    list-append assert."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        CORE, "platformio_options", {"board_build.cmake_extra_args": ["-DFOO=1"]}
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "cmake_args", {"EXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME": "src"})
+
+    content = platformio.get_ini_content()
+
+    assert "board_build.cmake_extra_args = -DEXECUTABLE_COMPONENT_NAME=src" in content
+    assert "-DFOO=1" not in content
+
+
+def test_write_cxx_flags_script_emits_registered_flags(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Flags registered via cg.add_cxx_build_flag() are emitted as CXXFLAGS,
+    sorted, so they apply to C++ compiles only."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(tmp_path)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "cxx_build_flags", {"-Wno-volatile", "-Wno-deprecated"})
+
+    platformio.write_cxx_flags_script()
+
+    content = (tmp_path / platformio.CXX_FLAGS_FILE_NAME).read_text()
+    assert (
+        'env.Append(CXXFLAGS=["-Wno-deprecated"])\n'
+        'env.Append(CXXFLAGS=["-Wno-volatile"])\n'
+    ) in content
+
+
+def test_write_cxx_flags_script_no_flags(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    CORE.build_path = str(tmp_path)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "cxx_build_flags", set())
+
+    platformio.write_cxx_flags_script()
+
+    content = (tmp_path / platformio.CXX_FLAGS_FILE_NAME).read_text()
+    assert "CXXFLAGS" not in content
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ccache.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ccache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0237db4081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ccache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Tests for the shared ccache policy in esphome.build_helpers.ccache."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers import ccache
+
+
+def test_resolve_opt_out() -> None:
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+
+
+def test_resolve_no_binary(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+    assert "no ccache binary" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_resolve_probe_failure() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("boom")),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+
+
+def test_resolve_explicit_skips_probe_and_warns_missing(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch.object(ccache, "_ccache_runs", side_effect=AssertionError),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() == "/usr/bin/ccache"
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+    assert "no ccache binary is on PATH" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_probe_spawns_with_close_fds_false() -> None:
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+        assert ccache._ccache_runs("/usr/bin/ccache") is True
+    assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["close_fds"] is False
+
+
+def test_defaults_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.core.CORE", SimpleNamespace(build_path=tmp_path / "b")),
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "false"}, clear=True),
+    ):
+        env = ccache.ccache_defaults_env(tmp_path / "cache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == str(tmp_path / "cache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_DEPEND"] == "1"
+    assert "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR" not in env  # user value respected
+
+
+def test_defaults_env_requires_build_path() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.core.CORE", SimpleNamespace(build_path=None)),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="build_path"),
+    ):
+        ccache.ccache_defaults_env(Path("/x"))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["no", "off", "false", "0"])
+def test_resolve_opt_out_synonyms(value: str) -> None:
+    """Every recognized falsy spelling disables ccache."""
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": value}):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+
+
+def test_resolve_unrecognized_value_warns_and_probes(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An unparsable ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE is treated as unset: it must not
+    silently enable ccache or skip the runnability probe."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "enabled"}),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch.object(ccache, "_ccache_runs", return_value=False) as mock_probe,
+    ):
+        assert ccache.resolve_ccache_path() is None
+    mock_probe.assert_called_once()
+    assert "unrecognized ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("raw", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("1", True),
+        ("enable", True),
+        ("ON", True),
+        ("0", False),
+        ("disable", False),
+        ("Off", False),
+        ("maybe", None),
+        # ENV KNOB= (Docker/CI) has always read as a disable
+        ("", False),
+        ("   ", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_enable_env_spelling_tables(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, raw: str, expected: bool | None
+) -> None:
+    """cv.boolean's spelling tables plus the 1/0 env convention."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE", raw)
+    assert ccache.parse_enable_env("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE") is expected
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_idedata.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_idedata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcf9c67086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_idedata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.build_helpers.idedata (compile_commands.json -> idedata)."""
+
+# pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers import idedata
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+# An absolute, forward-slash (shlex-safe) path prefix valid on the host OS, so
+# tests exercise the same is-absolute / normalize behavior as a real compile DB
+# (a drive-qualified path on Windows, a leading slash elsewhere).
+ABS = "C:/" if os.name == "nt" else "/"
+
+
+def _entry(directory: str, file: str, command: str) -> dict:
+    return {"directory": directory, "file": file, "command": command}
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_extracts_fields() -> None:
+    """cxx_path, defines, includes and remaining flags are split apart."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        f"/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -DESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5 "
+        f"-I{ABS}inc/a -isystem {ABS}sys/b -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+    )
+
+    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"
+    assert "USE_ESP32" in defines
+    assert "ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5" in defines
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/a" in includes
+    assert f"{ABS}sys/b" in includes
+    assert "-std=gnu++20" in cxx_flags
+    # input/output files and their flags are not treated as flags
+    assert "-c" not in cxx_flags
+    assert "-o" not in cxx_flags
+    assert "app.cpp" not in cxx_flags
+    assert "app.cpp.o" not in cxx_flags
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_space_separated_args() -> None:
+    """``-D X`` / ``-I path`` (separate arg) and ``-isystem<path>`` (joined)."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
+        f"g++ -D FOO=1 -I {ABS}inc/sep -isystem{ABS}sys/joined -c x.cpp",
+    )
+
+    _, defines, includes, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    assert "FOO=1" in defines
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/sep" in includes
+    assert f"{ABS}sys/joined" in includes
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_resolves_relative_includes() -> None:
+    """Relative includes are resolved against the entry's ``directory``."""
+    directory = f"{ABS}build/proj"
+    entry = _entry(
+        directory,
+        f"{directory}/src/esphome/x.cpp",
+        "g++ -Iconfig -I../shared -isystem rel/sys -c x.cpp",
+    )
+
+    _, _, includes, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    def resolved(rel: str) -> str:
+        # parse_entry emits forward slashes for consistency (normpath would
+        # yield backslashes on Windows).
+        return os.path.normpath(Path(directory) / rel).replace("\\", "/")
+
+    assert resolved("config") in includes
+    assert resolved("../shared") in includes  # ../ normalized away
+    assert resolved("rel/sys") in includes
+    # nothing is left relative
+    assert all(Path(inc).is_absolute() for inc in includes)
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_skips_dependency_flags() -> None:
+    """Dependency-generation flags (and their args) are dropped."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        "/build",
+        "/build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
+        "g++ -MD -MT x.cpp.o -MF x.cpp.o.d -c x.cpp -o x.cpp.o",
+    )
+
+    _, _, _, cxx_flags = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    for tok in ("-MD", "-MT", "x.cpp.o", "-MF", "x.cpp.o.d", "-c", "-o", "x.cpp"):
+        assert tok not in cxx_flags
+
+
+def test_expand_response_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """``@file`` arguments are inlined relative to the directory."""
+    rsp = tmp_path / "flags.rsp"
+    rsp.write_text("-DFROM_RSP -I/rsp/inc")
+
+    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(
+        ["g++", f"@{rsp.name}", "-c", "x.cpp"], tmp_path
+    )
+
+    assert "-DFROM_RSP" in tokens
+    assert "-I/rsp/inc" in tokens
+    assert not any(t.startswith("@") for t in tokens)
+
+
+def test_expand_response_files_keeps_literal_when_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An unreadable ``@file`` token is kept verbatim rather than dropped."""
+    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(["g++", "@nope.rsp"], tmp_path)
+    assert "@nope.rsp" in tokens
+
+
+def test_pick_entry_prefers_esphome_tu() -> None:
+    """A ``/src/esphome/`` C++ TU is picked over other compile entries."""
+    entries = [
+        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
+        _entry("/b", "/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp", "g++ -c app.cpp"),
+    ]
+    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("app.cpp")
+
+
+def test_pick_entry_falls_back_to_any_cxx_tu() -> None:
+    """With no ``/src/esphome/`` TU present, the first C++ entry is the fallback."""
+    entries = [
+        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
+        _entry("/b", "/b/components/x/x.cpp", "g++ -c x.cpp"),
+    ]
+    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("x.cpp")
+
+
+def test_is_esphome_src_handles_backslash_paths() -> None:
+    r"""The src marker must match Windows ``\src\esphome\`` paths too.
+
+    compile_commands ``file`` entries use the OS-native separator; if the
+    marker only matched forward slashes no source would match on Windows and
+    the build-include union would be silently empty.
+    """
+    assert idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.cpp")
+    assert idedata._is_esphome_src("/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp")
+    # non-esphome and non-C++ still rejected regardless of separator
+    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\managed_components\x\x.cpp")
+    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.h")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("command", "launcher"),
+    [
+        ("", None),
+        # A command that is only the launcher strips to nothing
+        ("/usr/bin/ccache", "/usr/bin/ccache"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_parse_entry_empty_command_raises(command: str, launcher: str | None) -> None:
+    """A blank (or launcher-only) command fails with a named ValueError,
+    not an IndexError."""
+    entry = {"directory": "/b", "file": "/b/src/x.cpp", "command": command}
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="empty compile command"):
+        idedata.parse_entry(entry, launcher)
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_empty_includes_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A compile DB with no ESPHome TU is never usable idedata and must
+    not be cached (call sites downgrade the raise to a build warning)."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                _entry(
+                    f"{ABS}build",
+                    f"{ABS}build/other/lib.cpp",
+                    "/tools/g++ -c other/lib.cpp -o lib.o",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No ESPHome translation unit found"),
+    ):
+        idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_rsp_commands_never_dedupe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Per-object response files strip to one shape while holding different
+    include sets; @-commands must tokenize per TU."""
+    entries = []
+    for name in ("a", "b"):
+        rsp = tmp_path / f"{name}.cpp.o.rsp"
+        rsp.write_text(f"-I{ABS}inc/{name}")
+        file = f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/{name}.cpp"
+        entries.append(
+            {
+                "directory": str(tmp_path),
+                "file": file,
+                "command": f"/tools/g++ @{rsp.name} -c {file} -o {name}.o",
+                "output": f"{name}.o",
+            }
+        )
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+    joined = " ".join(data["includes"]["build"])
+    assert "inc/a" in joined and "inc/b" in joined
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_dedupes_identical_command_shapes(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Translation units sharing one ninja rule (same command modulo
+    file/output) carry
+    identical includes, so only one per shape is tokenized; a differing
+    shape still contributes its includes."""
+
+    def _tu(name: str, inc: str) -> dict:
+        # ninja's compdb embeds the file and output strings verbatim
+        file = f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/{name}.cpp"
+        return _entry(
+            f"{ABS}build", file, f"/tools/g++ -I{ABS}inc/{inc} -c {file} -o {name}.o"
+        ) | {"output": f"{name}.o"}
+
+    entries = [_tu(name, "shared") for name in ("application", "component", "helpers")]
+    entries.append(_tu("extra", "extra"))
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(idedata, "parse_entry", wraps=idedata.parse_entry) as spy,
+    ):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+    includes = set(data["includes"]["build"])
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/shared".replace("\\", "/") in {
+        i.replace("\\", "/") for i in includes
+    }
+    assert any("inc/extra" in i for i in includes)
+    # Representative + one distinct shape; the two same-shape duplicates
+    # are never tokenized
+    assert spy.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Full transform: representative entry + include union + toolchain dirs."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    entries = [
+        _entry(
+            f"{ABS}b",
+            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp",
+            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/core -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+        ),
+        _entry(
+            f"{ABS}b",
+            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/sensor/s.cpp",
+            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/sensor -c s.cpp -o s.cpp.o",
+        ),
+        # non-esphome TU: its includes must not leak into the union
+        _entry(
+            f"{ABS}b",
+            f"{ABS}b/managed_components/x/x.c",
+            f"gcc -I{ABS}inc/managed -c x.c",
+        ),
+    ]
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+
+    fake_proc = MagicMock(
+        returncode=0,
+        stderr=(
+            "ignored\n"
+            "#include <...> search starts here:\n"
+            " /tc/inc/c++\n"
+            " /tc/inc\n"
+            "End of search list.\n"
+            "more ignored\n"
+        ),
+    )
+    with patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "g++"
+    assert "USE_ESP32" in data["defines"]
+    assert "-std=gnu++20" in data["cxx_flags"]
+    # include dirs unioned across all esphome TUs
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/core" in data["includes"]["build"]
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/sensor" in data["includes"]["build"]
+    # the non-esphome TU is excluded from the union
+    assert f"{ABS}inc/managed" not in data["includes"]["build"]
+    # toolchain search dirs parsed from the compiler's -v output
+    assert data["includes"]["toolchain"] == ["/tc/inc/c++", "/tc/inc"]
+
+
+def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_on_probe_failure() -> None:
+    """A failed compiler probe is a hard error, not a silent empty list."""
+    fake_proc = MagicMock(returncode=1, stderr="xtensa-esp32-elf-g++: not found")
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
+    ):
+        idedata.get_toolchain_includes("/bad/compiler")
+
+
+def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_when_no_dirs_found() -> None:
+    """Markers present but no dirs (anomalous output) also raises."""
+    fake_proc = MagicMock(
+        returncode=0,
+        stderr="#include <...> search starts here:\nEnd of search list.\n",
+    )
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
+    ):
+        idedata.get_toolchain_includes("/some/compiler")
+
+
+# ESP-IDF's compile_commands.json on Windows mixes literal backslash path
+# separators in the compiler path with shell ``\"`` quote-escaping in defines,
+# which only the real Windows argv parser handles. These exercise that path.
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
+def test_split_command_preserves_paths_and_unescapes_quotes() -> None:
+    r"""Backslash paths survive while ``\"`` define-quoting is unescaped."""
+    command = r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp"
+
+    tokens = idedata._split_command(command)
+
+    assert tokens[0] == r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe"
+    assert '-DVER="1.2.3"' in tokens
+    assert "-IC:/inc/a" in tokens
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
+def test_split_command_empty_returns_empty() -> None:
+    """An empty or blank command tokenizes to ``[]`` (e.g. an empty response file).
+
+    Guards against ``CommandLineToArgvW("")`` returning the current process name
+    instead of an empty list.
+    """
+    assert idedata._split_command("") == []
+    assert idedata._split_command("   ") == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
+def test_parse_entry_normalizes_windows_cxx_path() -> None:
+    """A backslash compiler path is emitted forward-slashed; define unescaped."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        r"C:\b",
+        r"C:\b\src\esphome\x.cpp",
+        r"C:\esp\bin\g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp",
+    )
+
+    cxx_path, defines, includes, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+    assert cxx_path == "C:/esp/bin/g++.exe"
+    assert "\\" not in cxx_path
+    assert 'VER="1.2.3"' in defines
+    assert "C:/inc/a" in includes
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_strips_launcher_prefix() -> None:
+    """A launcher-wrapped compile names the compiler second; the exact
+    configured launcher is stripped, not anything ccache-shaped."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache /tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP8266 "
+        "-c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+    )
+    cxx_path, defines, _, _ = idedata.parse_entry(
+        entry, launcher="/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache"
+    )
+    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++"
+    assert defines == ["USE_ESP8266"]
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_recovers_from_unconfigured_launcher(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A stale compile DB built with a launcher this run no longer configures
+    still yields the real compiler (the next token), not the launcher."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache /tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++ -c a.cpp -o a.o",
+    )
+    caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
+    cxx_path, _, _, _ = idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++"
+    assert "Stripping unconfigured launcher" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_parse_entry_rejects_launcher_without_program() -> None:
+    """A launcher followed only by flags is rejected in the parser itself,
+    so no caller can record ccache as the compiler."""
+    entry = _entry(
+        f"{ABS}build",
+        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+        "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache -c a.cpp -o a.o",
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="compile database is unusable"):
+        idedata.parse_entry(entry)
+
+
+def _write_compile_commands(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                _entry(
+                    f"{ABS}build",
+                    f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+                    "/tools/g++ -DUSE_ESP8266 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    return compile_commands
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_missing_compile_db(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    assert (
+        idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            tmp_path / "compile_commands.json", tmp_path / "f.elf", tmp_path / "c.json"
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_builds_and_caches(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache" / "test.json"
+    with patch.object(
+        idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=["/toolchain/include"]
+    ):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "firmware.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cc_path"] == "/tools/gcc"
+    assert data["prog_path"] == str(tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+    assert json.loads(cache.read_text()) == data
+
+    # A fresh cache is served without re-parsing the compile DB
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "idedata_from_build") as mock_build:
+        assert (
+            idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+                compile_commands, tmp_path / "firmware.elf", cache
+            )
+            == data
+        )
+    mock_build.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_rebuilds_bad_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache.json"
+    for bad in ("not json", json.dumps({"no_cc_path": True})):
+        cache.write_text(bad)
+        os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+        with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+            data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+                compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+            )
+        assert "cc_path" in data
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_rebuilds_when_compile_db_newer(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A compile DB newer than the cache forces regeneration."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache.json"
+    cache.write_text(json.dumps({"cc_path": "stale"}))
+    os.utime(compile_commands, (cache.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cc_path"] != "stale"
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_rebuilds_non_dict_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Valid JSON that is not an object is regenerated, never handed out.
+
+    A bare string would otherwise pass the cc_path check by substring.
+    """
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "cache.json"
+    for bad in ('"cc_path is a string"', "[]", "42"):
+        cache.write_text(bad)
+        os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+        with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+            data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+                compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+            )
+        assert isinstance(data, dict)
+        assert "cc_path" in data
+
+
+def test_is_launcher_matches_only_known_launchers() -> None:
+    """Compilers of any shape pass; only the closed launcher set matches."""
+    for token in ("/t/g++-13", "gcc-8.4.0", "clang++-17", "armcc", "icx", "cc"):
+        assert not idedata._is_launcher(token)
+    for token in ("/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache", "CCACHE.EXE", "distcc", "sccache"):
+        assert idedata._is_launcher(token)
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_corrupted_cache_is_logged(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A truncated cache is diagnosable, not a silent slow-build cause."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text('{"cc_path": trunc')
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tools/g++"
+    assert "Discarding unreadable idedata cache" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_discards_unreadable_cache_file(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An OSError on the cache read (permissions, I/O) regenerates like a
+    parse failure instead of aborting the consumer."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text("{}")
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    real_read_text = Path.read_text
+
+    def fail_cache_read(self: Path, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> str:
+        # chmod(0) cannot revoke read access on Windows, so fault the read
+        # itself for a platform-independent OSError
+        if self == cache:
+            raise OSError("permission denied")
+        return real_read_text(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(Path, "read_text", fail_cache_read),
+    ):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tools/g++"
+    assert "Discarding unreadable idedata cache" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_never_caches_a_launcher(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A compile DB naming a launcher as the compiler is rejected, never cached."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                _entry(
+                    f"{ABS}build",
+                    f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
+                    "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    # No probe patch needed: the launcher is rejected before the probe runs
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="compile database is unusable"):
+        idedata.load_or_build_idedata(compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache)
+    assert not cache.exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cached",
+    (
+        {"cc_path": "/x/gcc", "cxx_path": "/opt/homebrew/bin/ccache"},
+        {"cc_path": "/x/gcc", "cxx_path": "/tools/g++"},
+        {"cc_path": "/x/gcc", "cxx_path": "/tools/g++", "includes": {}},
+    ),
+    ids=("launcher-cxx", "no-includes", "no-build-list"),
+)
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_regenerates_invalid_cache(
+    tmp_path: Path, cached: dict
+) -> None:
+    """A cache written by an older version fails validation and regenerates."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text(json.dumps(cached))
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tools/g++"
+    assert "includes" in data
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_cache_hit_restamps_prog_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A served cache carries the current ELF path, not the one it was written with."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "cc_path": "/tools/gcc",
+                "cxx_path": "/tools/g++",
+                "includes": {"build": [], "toolchain": []},
+                "prog_path": "/old/location/firmware.elf",
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+        compile_commands, tmp_path / "firmware.elf", cache
+    )
+    assert data["prog_path"] == str(tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_non_list_compile_db_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Valid JSON that is not a list raises by name, inside the best-effort tuple."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    for bad in ("{}", "null", '"text"', '["a", "b"]', "[1, 2]"):
+        compile_commands.write_text(bad)
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not a compile-command list"):
+            idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_build_same_file_rsp_commands_never_dedupe(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Two objects built from one source with different .rsp files keep both
+    include sets; the rsp sentinel keys on the output, not the source."""
+    file = f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/shared.cpp"
+    entries = []
+    for name in ("a", "b"):
+        rsp = tmp_path / f"{name}.o.rsp"
+        rsp.write_text(f"-I{ABS}inc/{name}")
+        entries.append(
+            {
+                "directory": str(tmp_path),
+                "file": file,
+                "command": f"/tools/g++ @{rsp.name} -c {file} -o {name}.o",
+                "output": f"{name}.o",
+            }
+        )
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
+    with patch.object(idedata, "get_toolchain_includes", return_value=[]):
+        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
+    joined = " ".join(data["includes"]["build"])
+    assert "inc/a" in joined and "inc/b" in joined
+
+
+def test_load_or_build_idedata_cache_hit_skips_rebuild(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A valid cache newer than the compile DB is served without re-parsing."""
+    compile_commands = _write_compile_commands(tmp_path)
+    cache = tmp_path / "c.json"
+    cache.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "cc_path": "/tools/gcc",
+                "cxx_path": "/tools/g++",
+                "includes": {"build": ["/inc"], "toolchain": []},
+                "cached": True,
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    os.utime(cache, (compile_commands.stat().st_mtime + 5,) * 2)
+    with patch.object(idedata, "idedata_from_build") as mock_build:
+        data = idedata.load_or_build_idedata(
+            compile_commands, tmp_path / "f.elf", cache
+        )
+    mock_build.assert_not_called()
+    assert data["cached"] is True
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ninja.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ninja.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f0bbda0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_ninja.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.build_helpers.ninja."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers import ninja as ninja_helper
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_prefers_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=str(tmp_path / "ninja")),
+        patch.object(ninja_helper, "_ninja_runs", return_value=True),
+    ):
+        assert ninja_helper.find_ninja() == tmp_path / "ninja"
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_falls_back_to_wheel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Without a PATH entry, the ninja PyPI wheel's binary is used."""
+    binary_name = "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+    (tmp_path / binary_name).touch()
+    wheel = MagicMock(BIN_DIR=str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": wheel}),
+    ):
+        assert ninja_helper.find_ninja() == tmp_path / binary_name
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_package_not_installed() -> None:
+    """A missing ninja package raises the actionable message, not ImportError."""
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": None}),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="ninja not found"),
+    ):
+        ninja_helper.find_ninja()
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_missing_everywhere(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    wheel = MagicMock(BIN_DIR=str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": wheel}),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="ninja not found"),
+    ):
+        ninja_helper.find_ninja()
+
+
+def test_escape_ninja_specials() -> None:
+    assert ninja_helper.escape("a b:c$d") == "a$ b$:c$$d"
+
+
+def _q(tok: str) -> str:
+    """The platform's shell_token quote wrapper (argv rule on Windows)."""
+    return f'"{tok}"' if os.name == "nt" else f"'{tok}'"
+
+
+def test_quote_arg_windows_argv_rule() -> None:
+    # Backslash runs double only before a quote (subprocess.list2cmdline rule)
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_arg('-DX=a\\"b c') == '"-DX=a\\\\\\"b c"'
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_arg("a b\\") == '"a b\\\\"'
+
+
+def test_shell_token_quotes_only_when_needed() -> None:
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-Os") == "-Os"
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DP=C:\\x y") == _q("-DP=C:\\x y")
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("plain", force=True) == _q("plain")
+
+
+def test_shell_token_quotes_shell_metacharacters() -> None:
+    """Tokens like -DMASK=(1<<3) must not reach /bin/sh -c bare."""
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DMASK=(1<<3)") == _q("-DMASK=(1<<3)")
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DX=a;b") == _q("-DX=a;b")
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("-DX=$HOME") == _q("-DX=$$HOME")
+
+
+def test_shell_token_posix_roundtrips_through_sh() -> None:
+    """Backslash runs, $, backticks, and quotes must reach the compiler
+    exactly as lexed once ninja un-doubles $$ and /bin/sh strips quotes."""
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        pytest.skip("POSIX sh quoting")
+    for tok in ("-DP=a\\\\b", "-DX=$VAR", "-DY=`date`", "-DZ=it's", '-DC="q"'):
+        quoted = ninja_helper.shell_token(tok).replace("$$", "$")
+        out = subprocess.run(
+            ["/bin/sh", "-c", f'printf "%s" {quoted}'],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        assert out.stdout == tok
+
+
+def test_quote_path_force_quotes() -> None:
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_path(Path("a b")) == _q("a b")
+    assert ninja_helper.quote_path("simple") == _q("simple")
+
+
+def test_shell_token_empty_token_is_quoted() -> None:
+    """An empty argv element must survive as an explicit pair of quotes."""
+    assert ninja_helper.shell_token("") == _q("")
+
+
+def test_find_ninja_probes_path_hit(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A broken PATH shim falls back to the wheel instead of failing every
+    build later."""
+    binary_name = "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+    (tmp_path / binary_name).touch()
+    wheel = MagicMock(BIN_DIR=str(tmp_path))
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/broken/ninja"),
+        patch.object(ninja_helper, "_ninja_runs", return_value=False),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"ninja": wheel}),
+    ):
+        assert ninja_helper.find_ninja() == tmp_path / binary_name
+
+
+def test_ninja_probe_failure_warns(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("boom")):
+        assert ninja_helper._ninja_runs("/broken/ninja") is False
+    assert "failed to run" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ninja_probe_success() -> None:
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+        assert ninja_helper._ninja_runs("/usr/bin/ninja") is True
+    assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["close_fds"] is False
+
+
+def test_shell_token_windows_branch_uses_argv_rule() -> None:
+    """The nt branch quotes with the CreateProcess argv rule (the ubuntu
+    coverage run never takes it naturally)."""
+    with patch.object(os, "name", "nt"):
+        assert ninja_helper.shell_token("a b") == '"a b"'
+        assert ninja_helper.shell_token("", force=True) == '""'
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_size_summary.py b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_size_summary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..231ae271b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/build_helpers/test_size_summary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Tests for the shared PlatformIO-format size bar."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.build_helpers.size_summary import format_bar, print_size_line
+
+
+def test_format_bar_zero_total() -> None:
+    """A zero total must not divide by zero."""
+    assert format_bar(0, 0) == "[          ]   0.0% (used 0 bytes from 0 bytes)"
+
+
+def test_print_size_line_label_padding(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    """The label column is exactly what ci_memory_impact_extract.py greps."""
+    print_size_line("RAM", 47932, 180736)
+    print_size_line("Flash", 888511, 1835008)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out.splitlines()
+    assert out[0].startswith("RAM:   [")
+    assert out[1].startswith("Flash: [")
+    assert "26.5% (used 47932 bytes from 180736 bytes)" in out[0]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_proto.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_proto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31297911f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_proto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+"""Invariant tests for esphome/components/api/api.proto and its generated code.
+
+These guard the DeviceCapabilitiesRequest/DeviceCapabilitiesResponse addition
+(API 1.15) against regressions that protoc-based codegen would not catch on
+its own, without requiring protoc to be installed at test time:
+
+* script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py skips any field marked
+  `[deprecated = true]` completely -- it generates no C++ for it at all, so
+  the device silently stops sending that value. Six DeviceInfoResponse fields
+  were superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse but must keep being sent for
+  backward compatibility with clients older than API 1.15. If a future edit
+  "tidies up" by marking one of them deprecated, this file breaks that field
+  for every existing client with nothing else in CI noticing.
+* Field numbers are the wire protocol, not the field names. Renaming a field
+  is harmless; renumbering it is a silent breaking change, because an old
+  client still decodes by number. This file pins the field number of each of
+  the six superseded DeviceInfoResponse fields and of every field on the new
+  DeviceCapabilitiesResponse/BluetoothProxyCapabilities/
+  VoiceAssistantCapabilities/ZWaveProxyCapabilities sub-messages, so a
+  well-intentioned reshuffle of api.proto gets caught here instead of on a
+  device in the field.
+* Message wire ids must be unique, and the new capabilities RPC must stay
+  authenticated-only.
+
+Group A below asserts on the checked-in generated files (api_pb2.h /
+api_pb2.cpp), since "the field is present in the generated C++" is exactly
+equivalent to "the device still sends it". Group B parses api.proto as plain
+text (no protoc). Group C checks the advertised API minor version.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+import esphome
+
+API_DIR = Path(esphome.__file__).parent / "components" / "api"
+
+PROTO_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api.proto").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+HEADER_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api_pb2.h").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+CPP_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api_pb2.cpp").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+API_CONNECTION_TEXT = (API_DIR / "api_connection.cpp").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+# Fields on DeviceInfoResponse that were superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse
+# as of API 1.15 but must still be generated (and therefore still sent) for
+# backward compatibility with older clients.
+SUPERSEDED_FIELDS: dict[str, int] = {
+    "bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags": 15,
+    "voice_assistant_feature_flags": 17,
+    "bluetooth_mac_address": 18,
+    "zwave_proxy_feature_flags": 23,
+    "zwave_home_id": 24,
+    "serial_proxies": 25,
+}
+
+# Field numbers on the new capability messages. These are a frozen wire
+# contract from the moment they ship: an old client decodes a sub-message
+# field purely by number, so renumbering any of these -- even without
+# touching a name -- silently corrupts what every already-deployed client
+# reads. Keyed by message name so the next capability sub-message is a
+# data-only addition here.
+NEW_CAPABILITY_FIELDS: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {
+    "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse": {
+        "bluetooth_proxy": 1,
+        "voice_assistant": 2,
+        "zwave_proxy": 3,
+        "serial_proxies": 4,
+    },
+    "BluetoothProxyCapabilities": {
+        "feature_flags": 1,
+        "mac_address": 2,
+    },
+    "VoiceAssistantCapabilities": {
+        "feature_flags": 1,
+    },
+    "ZWaveProxyCapabilities": {
+        "feature_flags": 1,
+        "home_id": 2,
+    },
+}
+
+# Fields that are genuinely dead and are expected to carry `deprecated=true`.
+# Used to prove the deprecated-detection logic below actually detects
+# deprecation rather than trivially passing.
+GENUINELY_DEPRECATED_FIELDS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "legacy_bluetooth_proxy_version",
+    "legacy_voice_assistant_version",
+)
+
+DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP = (
+    "script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py skips fields marked `[deprecated = "
+    "true]` completely, generating no C++ for them at all. Marking this field "
+    "deprecated would silently stop the device from ever sending it, breaking "
+    "every existing client that still reads it from DeviceInfoResponse."
+)
+
+
+def _extract_braced_region(text: str, anchor_pattern: str) -> str:
+    """Return the region of `text` starting at the first match of
+    `anchor_pattern` up to the matching closing brace (inclusive), using
+    brace-depth counting so nested braces (e.g. a `for (...) { ... }` loop
+    inside a function body) don't cause a premature stop.
+    """
+    anchor_match = re.search(anchor_pattern, text)
+    if anchor_match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"could not find a match for {anchor_pattern!r}")
+    start = anchor_match.start()
+    open_brace = text.index("{", start)
+    depth = 0
+    for i in range(open_brace, len(text)):
+        if text[i] == "{":
+            depth += 1
+        elif text[i] == "}":
+            depth -= 1
+            if depth == 0:
+                return text[start : i + 1]
+    raise AssertionError(f"unbalanced braces while scanning after {anchor_pattern!r}")
+
+
+def _extract_class_body(header_text: str, class_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the body of a generated C++ class, scoped so a field name that
+    also happens to exist on some other class cannot satisfy the assertion.
+    """
+    return _extract_braced_region(header_text, rf"class {re.escape(class_name)}\b")
+
+
+def _extract_function_body(cpp_text: str, qualified_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the body of a generated `Class::method(...)` definition."""
+    return _extract_braced_region(cpp_text, rf"{re.escape(qualified_name)}\(")
+
+
+def _extract_proto_message(proto_text: str, message_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the body of a top-level `message Name { ... }` block from the
+    .proto source. Proto message bodies here contain no nested `{`/`}` of
+    their own (options use parens, not braces), so a non-greedy match up to
+    the first line that is just `}` is sufficient and keeps the parsing
+    simple.
+    """
+    match = re.search(
+        rf"^message {re.escape(message_name)}\s*\{{(.*?)^\}}",
+        proto_text,
+        re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL,
+    )
+    if match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"could not find `message {message_name}` in api.proto")
+    return match.group(1)
+
+
+def _extract_rpc_body(proto_text: str, rpc_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the option body of an `rpc name (...) returns (...) { ... }`
+    declaration from the APIConnection service, robust to it being written
+    on one line (`{}`) or spread across several with options inside.
+    """
+    match = re.search(
+        rf"rpc\s+{re.escape(rpc_name)}\s*\([^)]*\)\s*returns\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{{(.*?)\}}",
+        proto_text,
+        re.DOTALL,
+    )
+    if match is None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"could not find `rpc {rpc_name}` in api.proto")
+    return match.group(1)
+
+
+def _field_declaration_line(message_body: str, field_name: str) -> str:
+    """Return the single source line declaring `field_name` inside a proto
+    message body (all fields here are declared on one line).
+    """
+    for line in message_body.splitlines():
+        if re.search(rf"\b{re.escape(field_name)}\s*=\s*\d+", line):
+            return line
+    raise AssertionError(
+        f"could not find a field declaration for {field_name!r} in the given message body"
+    )
+
+
+# ==================== Group A: generated files ====================
+
+
+def test_superseded_device_info_fields_still_declared_in_header() -> None:
+    """Each superseded field must still be a real member of DeviceInfoResponse
+    in api_pb2.h -- not merely present somewhere in the file. Several of these
+    names (e.g. serial_proxies) also exist on DeviceCapabilitiesResponse, so an
+    unscoped substring search over the whole header would pass even if the
+    field were removed from DeviceInfoResponse.
+    """
+    class_body = _extract_class_body(HEADER_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse")
+    for field_name in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS:
+        assert re.search(rf"\b{field_name}\b", class_body), (
+            f"{field_name} is missing from the DeviceInfoResponse class body in "
+            f"api_pb2.h. {DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_superseded_device_info_fields_still_encoded_and_sized() -> None:
+    """Each superseded field must still be touched by DeviceInfoResponse's
+    generated encode() and calculate_size(), i.e. it is still put on the wire.
+    """
+    encode_body = _extract_function_body(CPP_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse::encode")
+    size_body = _extract_function_body(CPP_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size")
+    for field_name in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS:
+        assert f"this->{field_name}" in encode_body, (
+            f"DeviceInfoResponse::encode() no longer references {field_name}. "
+            f"{DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+        assert f"this->{field_name}" in size_body, (
+            f"DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() no longer references "
+            f"{field_name}. {DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_new_capability_classes_present_in_header() -> None:
+    """The new response message and its capability sub-messages must exist as
+    generated classes.
+    """
+    for class_name in (
+        "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse",
+        "BluetoothProxyCapabilities",
+        "VoiceAssistantCapabilities",
+        "ZWaveProxyCapabilities",
+    ):
+        assert re.search(rf"class {re.escape(class_name)}\b", HEADER_TEXT), (
+            f"expected a generated class named {class_name} in api_pb2.h"
+        )
+
+
+# ==================== Group B: api.proto source text ====================
+
+
+def test_all_message_ids_are_unique() -> None:
+    """Every `option (id) = N;` in api.proto must be unique. Two messages
+    sharing a wire id would make the client and server misinterpret each
+    other's messages -- nothing else currently checks this.
+    """
+    ids = [int(value) for value in re.findall(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", PROTO_TEXT)]
+    assert ids, "did not find any `option (id) = N;` declarations in api.proto"
+    duplicates = sorted({value for value in ids if ids.count(value) > 1})
+    assert not duplicates, (
+        f"Duplicate `option (id)` values found in api.proto: {duplicates}. Each "
+        "message must have a unique wire id."
+    )
+
+
+def test_device_capabilities_request_has_id_149() -> None:
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceCapabilitiesRequest")
+    match = re.search(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", body)
+    assert match is not None, "DeviceCapabilitiesRequest is missing `option (id)`"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == 149, (
+        f"DeviceCapabilitiesRequest has id {match.group(1)}, expected 149. "
+        "Message ids are part of the wire protocol and must not change once "
+        "assigned."
+    )
+
+
+def test_device_capabilities_response_has_id_150() -> None:
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse")
+    match = re.search(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", body)
+    assert match is not None, "DeviceCapabilitiesResponse is missing `option (id)`"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == 150, (
+        f"DeviceCapabilitiesResponse has id {match.group(1)}, expected 150. "
+        "Message ids are part of the wire protocol and must not change once "
+        "assigned."
+    )
+
+
+def test_z_wave_proxy_request_response_has_id_151() -> None:
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "ZWaveProxyRequestResponse")
+    match = re.search(r"option \(id\) = (\d+);", body)
+    assert match is not None, "ZWaveProxyRequestResponse is missing `option (id)`"
+    assert int(match.group(1)) == 151, (
+        f"ZWaveProxyRequestResponse has id {match.group(1)}, expected 151. "
+        "Message ids are part of the wire protocol and must not change once "
+        "assigned."
+    )
+
+
+def test_superseded_fields_are_not_marked_deprecated_in_proto() -> None:
+    """The six superseded fields must not carry `[deprecated = true]` in
+    api.proto, or the generator drops them and old clients stop receiving
+    them (see module docstring). The second half of this test proves the
+    deprecated-detection itself works: two genuinely dead fields
+    (legacy_bluetooth_proxy_version, legacy_voice_assistant_version) must
+    still be detected as deprecated, so the first half isn't vacuously true.
+    """
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse")
+
+    for field_name in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS:
+        line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+        assert "deprecated" not in line, (
+            f"{field_name} in DeviceInfoResponse is marked deprecated in "
+            f"api.proto ({line.strip()!r}). {DEPRECATED_FIELD_TRAP}"
+        )
+
+    for field_name in GENUINELY_DEPRECATED_FIELDS:
+        line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+        assert "deprecated" in line, (
+            f"expected {field_name} to still carry `deprecated=true` in "
+            f"api.proto ({line.strip()!r}). If this fails, the deprecated "
+            "detection used above is broken, and the sibling assertion that "
+            "the superseded fields are NOT deprecated is not testing anything."
+        )
+
+
+def test_superseded_fields_keep_their_wire_numbers() -> None:
+    """Each superseded field must stay on the field number recorded in
+    SUPERSEDED_FIELDS. Old clients decode DeviceInfoResponse purely by field
+    number, so renumbering one of these -- even without touching its name --
+    would make an old client read a completely different value out of the
+    wire, with nothing else in CI noticing.
+    """
+    body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, "DeviceInfoResponse")
+
+    for field_name, field_number in SUPERSEDED_FIELDS.items():
+        line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+        assert re.search(rf"\b{field_name}\s*=\s*{field_number}\b", line), (
+            f"{field_name} in DeviceInfoResponse is no longer declared at "
+            f"field number {field_number} ({line.strip()!r}). Field numbers "
+            "are the wire protocol -- renumbering this field silently breaks "
+            "every existing client that still decodes DeviceInfoResponse by "
+            "the old numbering."
+        )
+
+
+def test_capability_message_fields_keep_their_wire_numbers() -> None:
+    """Every field on DeviceCapabilitiesResponse and its three capability
+    sub-messages must stay on the field number recorded in
+    NEW_CAPABILITY_FIELDS. These messages are brand new as of API 1.15, but
+    the moment a device ships with them, their field numbers are a frozen
+    wire contract -- a client decodes a sub-message field purely by number,
+    so a later "cleanup" that renumbers one of these would silently corrupt
+    what every already-deployed client reads, with nothing else in CI
+    noticing.
+    """
+    for message_name, fields in NEW_CAPABILITY_FIELDS.items():
+        body = _extract_proto_message(PROTO_TEXT, message_name)
+        for field_name, field_number in fields.items():
+            line = _field_declaration_line(body, field_name)
+            assert re.search(rf"\b{field_name}\s*=\s*{field_number}\b", line), (
+                f"{field_name} on {message_name} is no longer declared at "
+                f"field number {field_number} ({line.strip()!r}). Field "
+                "numbers are the wire protocol -- renumbering this field "
+                "silently breaks every existing client that decodes this "
+                "message by the old numbering."
+            )
+
+
+def test_device_capabilities_rpc_requires_authentication() -> None:
+    """The `device_capabilities` RPC must not set
+    `option (needs_authentication) = false;` (or set it to anything at all).
+    Leaving it unset makes it inherit needs_authentication = true, keeping
+    capability data behind authentication (and encryption, when configured).
+    """
+    body = _extract_rpc_body(PROTO_TEXT, "device_capabilities")
+    assert "needs_authentication" not in body, (
+        "rpc device_capabilities sets a `needs_authentication` option in "
+        "api.proto. It must stay unset so it inherits needs_authentication = "
+        "true; otherwise device capability data could be requested over an "
+        "unauthenticated connection."
+    )
+
+
+# ==================== Group C: advertised API version ====================
+
+
+def test_api_version_minor_is_at_least_15() -> None:
+    """Clients gate sending DeviceCapabilitiesRequest on seeing
+    api_version >= 1.15 in HelloResponse. Regressing api_version_minor below
+    15 would make every client believe capabilities are unsupported even
+    though the RPC exists, so this must never go backwards. Use >= rather
+    than == so the next unrelated minor-version bump doesn't need to touch
+    this test.
+    """
+    match = re.search(r"resp\.api_version_minor\s*=\s*(\d+);", API_CONNECTION_TEXT)
+    assert match is not None, (
+        "could not find `resp.api_version_minor = N;` in api_connection.cpp"
+    )
+    minor = int(match.group(1))
+    assert minor >= 15, (
+        f"api_version_minor is {minor}, but device_capabilities requires "
+        "clients to see api_version >= 1.15 in HelloResponse before they will "
+        "ever request it."
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_protobuf_generator.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_protobuf_generator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..797125ba8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_api_protobuf_generator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Unit tests for script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py generator logic.
+
+ci-api-proto.yml only checks that the committed output matches what the
+generator currently produces, so a semantic regression in the generator would
+be committed and matched without anything failing. These tests pin the
+semantics directly.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parents[4] / "script" / "api_protobuf"))
+
+from api_protobuf import (  # noqa: E402
+    MAX_MESSAGE_ID,
+    _make_ifdef_line,
+    get_varint64_ifdef,
+    validate_message_id,
+)
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def _file_with_messages(
+    *messages: tuple[str, int, bool],
+) -> descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto:
+    """Build a FileDescriptorProto with one single-field message per entry.
+
+    Each entry is (message_name, field_type, deprecated).
+    """
+    file_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(name="test.proto")
+    for name, field_type, deprecated in messages:
+        msg = file_desc.message_type.add(name=name)
+        field = msg.field.add(name="value", number=1, type=field_type)
+        field.options.deprecated = deprecated
+    return file_desc
+
+
+UINT64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_UINT64
+INT64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT64
+SINT64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_SINT64
+UINT32 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_UINT32
+FIXED64 = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_FIXED64
+
+
+def test_no_varint64_fields() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT32, False), ("B", FIXED64, False))
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {}) == (False, None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("field_type", [UINT64, INT64, SINT64])
+def test_single_guard_is_kept(field_type: int) -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", field_type, False))
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {"A": "USE_X"}) == (True, "USE_X")
+
+
+def test_two_guards_emit_the_union() -> None:
+    # The regression this pins: multiple guards used to collapse to
+    # unconditional, pulling 64-bit varint support into unrelated builds.
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT64, False), ("B", INT64, False))
+    guards = {"A": "USE_X", "B": "USE_Y"}
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, guards) == (True, "USE_X || USE_Y")
+
+
+def test_union_is_sorted_for_deterministic_output() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("B", UINT64, False), ("A", INT64, False))
+    guards = {"B": "USE_Y", "A": "USE_X"}
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, guards) == (True, "USE_X || USE_Y")
+
+
+def test_any_unconditional_message_wins() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT64, False), ("B", INT64, False))
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {"A": "USE_X"}) == (True, None)
+
+
+def test_deprecated_fields_and_messages_are_ignored() -> None:
+    file_desc = _file_with_messages(("A", UINT64, True), ("B", INT64, False))
+    file_desc.message_type[1].options.deprecated = True
+    assert get_varint64_ifdef(file_desc, {"A": "USE_X", "B": "USE_Y"}) == (False, None)
+
+
+def test_make_ifdef_line_simple_identifier() -> None:
+    assert _make_ifdef_line("USE_X") == "#ifdef USE_X"
+
+
+def test_make_ifdef_line_union_wraps_each_identifier() -> None:
+    # The second half of the varint64 union guard: compound conditions must
+    # become #if defined(A) || defined(B), never #ifdef of the raw string.
+    assert _make_ifdef_line("USE_X || USE_Y") == "#if defined(USE_X) || defined(USE_Y)"
+
+
+def test_make_ifdef_line_conjunction_and_negation() -> None:
+    assert (
+        _make_ifdef_line("USE_X && !USE_Y") == "#if defined(USE_X) && !defined(USE_Y)"
+    )
+
+
+def test_message_id_at_maximum_is_accepted() -> None:
+    # 16383 is the largest ID whose plaintext type varint fits the 2 bytes
+    # budgeted in HEADER_PADDING.
+    validate_message_id(MAX_MESSAGE_ID, "MaxMessage")
+
+
+def test_message_id_above_maximum_is_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="exceeds the plaintext"):
+        validate_message_id(MAX_MESSAGE_ID + 1, "TooBigMessage")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_client.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_client.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 333ef70b22..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/api/test_client.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for esphome.components.api.client."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-from esphome.components import esp32
-from esphome.components.api import client as api_client
-from esphome.core import EsphomeError
-
-
-def test_decoder_swallows_esphome_error() -> None:
-    """A failing stack-trace decode must not propagate.
-
-    on_log runs inside an asyncio protocol callback; if EsphomeError
-    escapes, the loop reports "Fatal error: protocol.data_received()
-    call failed.", tears the connection down, and ReconnectLogic loops
-    forever as the device replays the same crash trace on every
-    reconnect.
-    """
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
-
-    with patch.object(
-        esp32, "process_stacktrace", side_effect=EsphomeError("no idedata")
-    ) as mock_process:
-        processor = api_client._LogLineProcessor(config, esp32.process_stacktrace)
-        processor.process_line("PC: 0x4010496e")
-
-    assert mock_process.called
-    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
-
-
-def test_decoder_swallows_platform_handler_error() -> None:
-    """The same protection must apply to the platform-specific handler."""
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
-
-    def platform_handler(_config, _line, _state):
-        raise EsphomeError("no idedata")
-
-    processor = api_client._LogLineProcessor(config, platform_handler)
-    processor.process_line("PC: 0x4010496e")
-
-    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
-
-
-def test_decoder_warning_uses_fallback_for_empty_error(caplog) -> None:
-    """_run_idedata raises EsphomeError with no message; the warning
-    must show a useful explanation rather than empty parens.
-    """
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
-
-    with patch.object(esp32, "process_stacktrace", side_effect=EsphomeError()):
-        processor = api_client._LogLineProcessor(config, esp32.process_stacktrace)
-        processor.process_line("PC: 0x4010496e")
-
-    warnings = [r.message for r in caplog.records if r.levelname == "WARNING"]
-    assert any("build artifacts not found locally" in m for m in warnings)
-    assert not any("()" in m for m in warnings)
-
-
-def test_decoder_short_circuits_after_failure() -> None:
-    """After one failure, subsequent lines must not retry the decoder.
-
-    _decode_pc shells out to PlatformIO; a crash dump can contain many
-    PC/BT lines and retrying the failing subprocess for each one would
-    stall log streaming.
-    """
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
-
-    with patch.object(
-        esp32, "process_stacktrace", side_effect=EsphomeError("no idedata")
-    ) as mock_process:
-        processor = api_client._LogLineProcessor(config, esp32.process_stacktrace)
-        processor.process_line("PC: 0x4010496e")
-        processor.process_line("BT0: 0x4010496e")
-        processor.process_line("BT1: 0x401049aa")
-
-    assert mock_process.call_count == 1
-
-
-def test_decoder_threads_backtrace_state() -> None:
-    """When decoding succeeds, backtrace_state is threaded across calls."""
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
-
-    with patch.object(
-        esp32, "process_stacktrace", side_effect=[True, False]
-    ) as mock_process:
-        processor = api_client._LogLineProcessor(config, esp32.process_stacktrace)
-        processor.process_line(">>>stack>>>")
-        assert processor.backtrace_state is True
-        processor.process_line("<<<stack<<<")
-        assert processor.backtrace_state is False
-
-    assert not mock_process.call_args_list[0].args[-1]
-    assert mock_process.call_args_list[1].args[-1]
-
-
-def test_decoder_uses_platform_handler_when_provided() -> None:
-    """The platform handler is preferred over the generic one."""
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
-    calls: list[tuple[object, str, bool]] = []
-
-    def platform_handler(cfg, line, state):
-        calls.append((cfg, line, state))
-        return True
-
-    processor = api_client._LogLineProcessor(config, platform_handler)
-
-    with patch.object(esp32, "process_stacktrace") as mock_generic:
-        processor.process_line("BT0: 0x4010496e")
-
-    assert calls == [(config, "BT0: 0x4010496e", False)]
-    assert mock_generic.called is False
-    assert processor.backtrace_state is True
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/test_init.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b34231a1aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/bme68x_bsec2/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""Tests for the bme68x_bsec2 prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.components import bme68x_bsec2 as bsec
+from esphome.loader import get_component
+
+
+def test_prefetch_applies_defaults(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    [files] = list(bsec.PREFETCH_FILES([{"model": "bme680"}]))
+    assert len(files) == 1
+    assert "bme680_iaq_33v_3s_28d" in files[0].url
+    assert files[0].path == bsec._compute_local_file_path(files[0].url)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_normalizes_enum_case(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    [files] = list(
+        bsec.PREFETCH_FILES(
+            [
+                {
+                    "model": "BME688",
+                    "sample_rate": "ulp",
+                    "supply_voltage": "1.8v",
+                    "algorithm_output": "REGRESSION",
+                    "operating_age": "4D",
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    assert len(files) == 1
+    assert "bme688_reg_18v_300s_4d" in files[0].url
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_unknown_values(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"model": "bme999"},
+        {"model": "bme680", "sample_rate": "TURBO"},
+        {"model": "bme680", "algorithm_output": "psychic"},
+        {},
+    ]
+    assert list(bsec.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_matches_validator_url(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The hook's URL equals _compute_url over the validated config shape."""
+    validated = {
+        "model": "bme688",
+        "operating_age": "28d",
+        "sample_rate": "LP",
+        "supply_voltage": "3.3V",
+        "algorithm_output": "classification",
+    }
+    [files] = list(bsec.PREFETCH_FILES([dict(validated)]))
+    assert files[0].url == bsec._compute_url(validated)
+
+
+def test_hook_is_wired_to_the_user_facing_domain() -> None:
+    """The i2c domain (the only user-facing one) exposes the hook."""
+
+    component = get_component("bme68x_bsec2_i2c")
+    assert component is not None
+    assert component.prefetch_files is bsec.PREFETCH_FILES
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df0e536d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""Tests for the per-board linker-script rule."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import _choose_ld_script
+from esphome.components.esp8266.boards import BOARDS, board_ld_script
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+
+def test_d1_wroom_02_keeps_its_shipped_layout() -> None:
+    """The override must survive a BOARDS regeneration or key typo: the
+    2m.ld default moves _FS_end and the preferences sector on deployed
+    devices."""
+    assert board_ld_script(BOARDS["d1_wroom_02"]) == "eagle.flash.2m64.ld"
+
+
+def test_default_boards_use_the_flash_size_layout() -> None:
+    assert board_ld_script(BOARDS["d1_mini"]) == "eagle.flash.4m.ld"
+    assert board_ld_script(BOARDS["esp01_1m"]) == "eagle.flash.1m.ld"
+
+
+def test_choose_ld_script_paths() -> None:
+    """Old cores get the size default, overriding boards hard-error there
+    (a substituted layout would wipe flash-backed state), modern cores
+    honor the override."""
+    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2", cv.Version(2, 3, 0)) is None
+    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2", cv.Version(2, 4, 2)) == "eagle.flash.4m.ld"
+    assert _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02", cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == (
+        "eagle.flash.2m64.ld"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="cannot honor"):
+        _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02", cv.Version(2, 4, 2))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_build_surgery.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_build_surgery.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..411a35eb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_build_surgery.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Tests for the linker-script surgery shared with the native toolchain."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import build_surgery
+from esphome.components.esp8266.boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD
+from esphome.components.esp8266.build_surgery import (
+    RATETABLE_RULE,
+    apply_testing_memory_patches,
+    relocate_ratetable,
+    segment_length,
+)
+
+_COMMON_LD_SNIPPET = """\
+  .dport0.data : ALIGN(4)
+  {
+    _dport0_data_start = ABSOLUTE(.);
+  } >dport0_0_seg :dport0_0_phdr
+  .data : ALIGN(4)
+  {
+    _data_start = ABSOLUTE(.);
+    *(.data)
+  } >dram0_0_seg :dram0_0_phdr
+"""
+
+# Shaped like the real SDK flash ld scripts: no iram1_0_seg (that lives in
+# the generated common ld only)
+_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET = """\
+MEMORY
+{
+  dport0_0_seg :                        org = 0x3FF00000, len = 0x10
+  dram0_0_seg :                         org = 0x3FFE8000, len = 0x14000
+  irom0_0_seg :                         org = 0x40201010, len = 0xfeff0
+}
+"""
+
+# Shaped like the preprocessed common ld: MMU_IRAM_SIZE expands with a ul
+# suffix the patcher must leave in place
+_COMMON_LD_MEMORY_SNIPPET = """\
+MEMORY
+{
+  iram1_0_seg :                         org = 0x40100000, len = 0x8000ul
+}
+"""
+
+
+def test_relocate_ratetable_inserts_after_data_start() -> None:
+    patched = relocate_ratetable(_COMMON_LD_SNIPPET)
+    assert RATETABLE_RULE in patched
+    # Inserted after the .data section's anchor, not the .dport0.data one
+    # (whose closing brace bounds the decoy block)
+    assert RATETABLE_RULE not in patched[: patched.index("} >dport0_0_seg")]
+    assert patched.index(RATETABLE_RULE) < patched.index("*(.data)")
+    # Idempotent on an already-patched script
+    assert relocate_ratetable(patched) == patched
+
+
+def test_relocate_ratetable_requires_anchor() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="_data_start"):
+        relocate_ratetable("SECTIONS { }")
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_enlarge_segments() -> None:
+    patched = apply_testing_memory_patches(
+        _FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, ("dram0_0_seg", "irom0_0_seg")
+    )
+    assert segment_length(patched, "dram0_0_seg") == 0x200000
+    assert segment_length(patched, "irom0_0_seg") == 0x2000000
+    # Untouched segments keep their sizes
+    assert segment_length(patched, "dport0_0_seg") == 0x10
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_keep_ul_suffix() -> None:
+    """The common ld's preprocessed sizes carry a ul suffix; the patch must
+    replace only the hex digits, as testing_mode.py.script does."""
+    patched = apply_testing_memory_patches(_COMMON_LD_MEMORY_SNIPPET, ("iram1_0_seg",))
+    assert "len = 0x200000ul" in patched
+    assert segment_length(patched, "iram1_0_seg") == 0x200000
+
+
+def test_segment_length_requires_whole_name() -> None:
+    """A name must match its own line, never inside a longer segment name."""
+    assert segment_length(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, "ram0_0_seg") is None
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_unknown_segment_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Unknown testing-mode segment"):
+        apply_testing_memory_patches("MEMORY { }", ("bogus_seg",))
+
+
+def test_segment_length() -> None:
+    assert segment_length(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, "irom0_0_seg") == 0xFEFF0
+    assert segment_length(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, "missing_seg") is None
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_missing_segment_raises() -> None:
+    """A named segment the patch could not find raises instead of silently
+    keeping the real memory limits."""
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="dram0_0_seg"):
+        apply_testing_memory_patches("MEMORY { }", ("dram0_0_seg",))
+
+
+def test_board_build_covers_every_board() -> None:
+    """Every supported board has native build metadata (the table may carry
+    extras that BOARDS does not expose)."""
+    assert set(BOARDS) <= set(ESP8266_BOARD_BUILD)
+
+
+def test_surgery_fingerprint_is_stable_and_sensitive(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The properties the linker-script cache depends on: the fingerprint is
+    stable across calls and changes when the module's source changes."""
+
+    first = build_surgery.surgery_fingerprint()
+    assert first == build_surgery.surgery_fingerprint()
+    assert len(first) == 64
+    int(first, 16)  # sha256 hex digest
+
+    # A modified copy of the module must fingerprint differently
+    copy = tmp_path / "build_surgery_variant.py"
+    copy.write_text(
+        Path(build_surgery.__file__).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        + "\nEXTRA_BEHAVIORAL_INPUT = 1\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("build_surgery_variant", copy)
+    variant = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    sys.modules[spec.name] = variant
+    try:
+        spec.loader.exec_module(variant)
+        assert variant.surgery_fingerprint() != first
+    finally:
+        del sys.modules[spec.name]
+
+
+def test_testing_memory_patches_present_but_unselected_raises() -> None:
+    """A known segment left off the caller's list must fail, not silently
+    keep its real memory limit."""
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="not selected"):
+        apply_testing_memory_patches(_FLASH_LD_SNIPPET, ("dram0_0_seg",))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/file/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/file/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/file/test_image.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/file/test_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9c1684db3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/file/test_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""Tests for the file image platform's prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from esphome.components.file import image as file_image
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+from esphome.loader import get_component, get_platform
+
+
+def test_extract_mdi_shorthand(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    ref = file_image._extract_file_ref("mdi:home")
+    assert ref is not None
+    assert ref.url == file_image.MDI_SOURCES["mdi"] + "home.svg"
+    assert ref.path.name == "home.svg"
+    assert ref.path.parent.name == "mdi"
+
+
+def test_extract_web_url(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/img.png"
+    ref = file_image._extract_file_ref(url)
+    assert ref == RemoteFile(url, file_image.compute_local_image_path(url))
+
+
+def test_extract_typed_dicts(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/img.png"
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref({"source": "web", "url": url}) == RemoteFile(
+        url, file_image.compute_local_image_path(url)
+    )
+    ref = file_image._extract_file_ref({"source": "mdil", "icon": "home"})
+    assert ref is not None
+    assert ref.url == file_image.MDI_SOURCES["mdil"] + "home.svg"
+
+
+def test_extract_skips_local_and_garbage(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref("images/local.png") is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref("mdi:not a valid icon!") is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref({"source": "local", "path": "x.png"}) is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref(42) is None
+    assert file_image._extract_file_ref(None) is None
+
+
+def test_prefetch_files_yields_remote_refs(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"file": "mdi:home"},
+        {"file": "images/local.png"},
+        {"file": "https://example.com/img.png"},
+        {"no_file_key": True},
+    ]
+    [files] = list(file_image.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    assert len(files) == 2
+    assert files[0].url.endswith("home.svg")
+    assert files[1].url == "https://example.com/img.png"
+
+
+def test_extractor_matches_validator_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The path the validator downloads to equals the extractor's path."""
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.file.image.external_files.download_content"
+    ) as mock_download:
+        file_image.validate_file_shorthand("mdi:home")
+
+    validated_path = mock_download.call_args[0][1]
+    assert validated_path == file_image._extract_file_ref("mdi:home").path
+
+
+def test_hook_is_wired_to_both_animation_domains() -> None:
+    """Both animation entry points expose the shared image hook."""
+
+    assert get_component("animation").prefetch_files is file_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+    assert (
+        get_platform("image", "animation").prefetch_files is file_image.PREFETCH_FILES
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/font/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/font/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/font/test_init.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/font/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ea3a0e3a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/font/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"""Tests for the font component's prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import external_files
+from esphome.components import font
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def _gspec(family: str, weight: int = 400, italic: bool = False) -> dict:
+    return {"family": family, "weight": weight, "italic": italic}
+
+
+def test_extract_gfonts_shorthand_defaults(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    spec = font._extract_remote_font("gfonts://Roboto")
+    assert spec is not None
+    assert spec[font.CONF_FAMILY] == "Roboto"
+    assert spec[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 400
+    assert spec[font.CONF_ITALIC] is False
+
+
+def test_extract_gfonts_shorthand_weight_variants(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    assert font._extract_remote_font("gfonts://Roboto@bold")[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 700
+    assert font._extract_remote_font("gfonts://Roboto@500")[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 500
+
+
+def test_extract_gfonts_normalizes_quoted_italic(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Boolean spellings the schema accepts are accepted by the extractor."""
+    spec = font._extract_remote_font(
+        {"type": "gfonts", "family": "Roboto", "italic": "true"}
+    )
+    assert spec is not None
+    assert spec[font.CONF_ITALIC] is True
+    assert (
+        font._extract_remote_font(
+            {"type": "gfonts", "family": "Roboto", "italic": "maybe"}
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_extract_typed_gfonts_dict(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    spec = font._extract_remote_font(
+        {"type": "gfonts", "family": "Roboto", "weight": "medium", "italic": True}
+    )
+    assert spec is not None
+    assert spec[font.CONF_WEIGHT] == 500
+    assert spec[font.CONF_ITALIC] is True
+
+
+def test_extract_web_font(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/font.ttf"
+    for value in (url, {"type": "web", "url": url}):
+        spec = font._extract_remote_font(value)
+        assert spec is not None
+        assert spec[font.CONF_URL] == url
+
+
+def test_extract_skips_local_and_garbage(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    assert font._extract_remote_font("fonts/local.ttf") is None
+    assert font._extract_remote_font({"type": "local", "path": "x.ttf"}) is None
+    assert (
+        font._extract_remote_font({"type": "gfonts", "family": "R", "weight": "no"})
+        is None
+    )
+    assert font._extract_remote_font(42) is None
+
+
+def test_prefetch_yields_css_for_stale_gfont(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"file": "gfonts://Roboto"},
+        {"file": "fonts/local.ttf"},
+        {
+            "file": "https://example.com/font.ttf",
+            "extras": [{"file": "gfonts://Monocraft"}],
+        },
+    ]
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    urls = [file.url for file in batches[0]]
+    assert font._gfonts_css_url(_gspec("Roboto")) in urls
+    assert font._gfonts_css_url(_gspec("Monocraft")) in urls
+    assert "https://example.com/font.ttf" in urls
+    assert len(batches[0]) == 3
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_recent_ttf(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    path = font._gfonts_ttf_path(_gspec("Roboto"))
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_bytes(b"cached ttf")
+
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://Roboto"}]))
+    assert batches == [[], []]
+
+
+def test_stage2_parses_cached_css(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+
+    css_path = font._gfonts_css_path(_gspec("Roboto"))
+    css_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    css_path.write_text(
+        "src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/roboto.ttf) format('truetype');"
+    )
+    # Stage two only trusts CSS confirmed fetched this run.
+    external_files._run_data().fresh_paths.add(css_path)
+
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://Roboto"}]))
+    assert batches[1] == [
+        RemoteFile(
+            "https://fonts.gstatic.com/roboto.ttf",
+            font._gfonts_ttf_path(_gspec("Roboto")),
+        )
+    ]
+
+
+def test_stage2_skips_missing_css(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://NoCss"}]))
+    assert batches[1] == []
+
+
+def test_prefetch_handles_bare_mapping_extras(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A bare-mapping extras value (valid raw config) is scanned."""
+    entries = [
+        {
+            "file": "fonts/local.ttf",
+            "extras": {"file": "gfonts://Roboto", "glyphs": "ABC"},
+        }
+    ]
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    assert [file.url for file in batches[0]] == [font._gfonts_css_url(_gspec("Roboto"))]
+
+
+def test_unparseable_gfonts_css_is_evicted(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A CSS body that fails to parse is removed from the cache."""
+
+    spec = {
+        "family": "Roboto",
+        "weight": 400,
+        "italic": False,
+        "refresh": font._REFRESH_VALIDATOR("0s"),
+    }
+    css_path = font._gfonts_css_path(spec)
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"no truetype url here",
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.is_fresh_this_run",
+            return_value=True,
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="please report this"),
+    ):
+        font.download_gfont(spec)
+    assert not css_path.exists()
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"\xff\xfe\x00\x01binary",
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.is_fresh_this_run",
+            return_value=True,
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not a text document"),
+    ):
+        font.download_gfont(spec)
+    assert not css_path.exists()
+
+
+def test_unrevalidated_gfonts_css_uses_cached_font(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A CSS body that could not be revalidated is not parsed for a ttf
+    URL; the cached font is used instead."""
+    spec = {
+        "family": "Roboto",
+        "weight": 400,
+        "italic": False,
+        "refresh": font._REFRESH_VALIDATOR("0s"),
+    }
+    ttf_path = font._gfonts_ttf_path(spec)
+    ttf_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    ttf_path.write_bytes(b"cached ttf")
+    cache = MagicMock()
+    with (
+        patch.object(font, "FONT_CACHE", cache),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"stale css",
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert font.download_gfont(spec) is spec
+    cache.__setitem__.assert_called_once_with(spec, ttf_path)
+
+
+def test_unrevalidated_gfonts_css_without_cached_font_errors(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """No verified CSS and no cached font is a clear error."""
+    spec = {
+        "family": "Roboto",
+        "weight": 500,
+        "italic": False,
+        "refresh": font._REFRESH_VALIDATOR("0s"),
+    }
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.font.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"stale css",
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="no cached font"),
+    ):
+        font.download_gfont(spec)
+
+
+def test_stage2_skips_css_not_fetched_this_run(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A leftover CSS from an earlier run is not trusted for stage two."""
+    css_path = font._gfonts_css_path(_gspec("Roboto"))
+    css_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    css_path.write_text(
+        "src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/rotated.ttf) format('truetype');"
+    )
+
+    batches = list(font.PREFETCH_FILES([{"file": "gfonts://Roboto"}]))
+    assert batches[1] == []
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/test_touchscreen.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/test_touchscreen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4b96d72da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/gsl3670/test_touchscreen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Tests for the gsl3670 touchscreen prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.components.gsl3670 import touchscreen as gsl
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def test_prefetch_explicit_url(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/fw.bin"
+    entries = [{"platform": "gsl3670", "firmware": {"url": url}}]
+    assert list(gsl.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [
+        [RemoteFile(url, gsl._cache_path(url))]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_model_default_firmware(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [{"platform": "gsl3670", "model": "seeed-reterminal-d1001"}]
+    [files] = list(gsl.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    assert len(files) == 1
+    assert (
+        files[0].url == gsl.MODELS["SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001"][gsl.CONF_FIRMWARE]["url"]
+    )
+    assert files[0].path == gsl._cache_path(files[0].url)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_local_file_and_custom(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"platform": "gsl3670", "firmware": {"file": "fw.bin"}},
+        {"platform": "gsl3670", "model": "CUSTOM"},
+        {"platform": "gsl3670"},
+    ]
+    assert list(gsl.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_channel_colors.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_channel_colors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c129a8bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_channel_colors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Tests for the shared addressable-strip channel order helpers."""
+
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS, CONF_IS_WRGB
+from esphome.components.light import (
+    channel_colors_struct,
+    migrate_channel_colors,
+    validate_channel_colors,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_RGB_ORDER
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+NO_WHITE = "light::ChannelColors::NO_WHITE"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("RGB", "RGB"),
+        ("grb", "GRB"),
+        ("BRG", "BRG"),
+        ("rgbw", "RGBW"),
+        ("WRGB", "WRGB"),
+        ("GWRB", "GWRB"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_channel_colors(value: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    assert validate_channel_colors(value) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        "RG",  # missing a channel
+        "RGBB",  # duplicate channel
+        "RRGB",  # duplicate channel, correct length
+        "RGBWW",  # two white channels
+        "RGBX",  # unknown channel
+        "RGBWX",  # unknown channel, correct length
+        "",
+    ],
+)
+def test_validate_channel_colors_rejects_invalid(value: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="is not a valid channel order"):
+        validate_channel_colors(value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("RGB", (0, 1, 2, NO_WHITE)),
+        ("GRB", (1, 0, 2, NO_WHITE)),
+        ("BRG", (1, 2, 0, NO_WHITE)),
+        ("RGBW", (0, 1, 2, 3)),
+        ("GRBW", (1, 0, 2, 3)),
+        ("WRGB", (1, 2, 3, 0)),
+        ("GWRB", (2, 0, 3, 1)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_channel_colors_struct(value: str, expected: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
+    struct = channel_colors_struct(value)
+    assert str(struct.base) == "light::ChannelColors"
+    assert tuple(str(arg) for arg in struct.args.values()) == tuple(
+        str(field) for field in expected
+    )
+
+
+def _migrate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    return migrate_channel_colors(removed_in="2027.3.0", component="test_strip")(config)
+
+
+def test_migrate_passes_through_channel_colors() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW"}
+    assert _migrate(config) == {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("deprecated", "expected", "named"),
+    [
+        ({}, "GRB", "'rgb_order' is"),
+        (
+            {CONF_IS_RGBW: False, CONF_IS_WRGB: False},
+            "GRB",
+            "'rgb_order', 'is_rgbw' and 'is_wrgb' are",
+        ),
+        ({CONF_IS_RGBW: True}, "GRBW", "'rgb_order' and 'is_rgbw' are"),
+        ({CONF_IS_WRGB: True}, "WGRB", "'rgb_order' and 'is_wrgb' are"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_migrate_folds_deprecated_keys(
+    deprecated: ConfigType,
+    expected: str,
+    named: str,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", "num_leds": 1, **deprecated}
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        result = _migrate(config)
+
+    assert result == {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: expected, "num_leds": 1}
+    assert f"[test_strip] {named} deprecated" in caplog.text
+    assert f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}: {expected}'" in caplog.text
+    assert "2027.3.0" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_migrate_does_not_mutate_input() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", CONF_IS_RGBW: True}
+    _migrate(config)
+    assert config == {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", CONF_IS_RGBW: True}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("deprecated", [CONF_RGB_ORDER, CONF_IS_RGBW, CONF_IS_WRGB])
+def test_migrate_rejects_mixing_old_and_new(deprecated: str) -> None:
+    config = {CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW", deprecated: "GRB"}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"cannot be combined with '{deprecated}'"):
+        _migrate(config)
+
+
+def test_migrate_reports_every_conflicting_key() -> None:
+    config = {
+        CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS: "GRBW",
+        CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB",
+        CONF_IS_RGBW: True,
+        CONF_IS_WRGB: False,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="cannot be combined with 'rgb_order', 'is_rgbw' and 'is_wrgb'"
+    ):
+        _migrate(config)
+
+
+def test_migrate_requires_channel_colors() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=f"'{CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS}' is required"):
+        _migrate({"num_leds": 1})
+
+
+def test_migrate_rejects_is_rgbw_with_is_wrgb() -> None:
+    config = {CONF_RGB_ORDER: "GRB", CONF_IS_RGBW: True, CONF_IS_WRGB: True}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="cannot both be enabled"):
+        _migrate(config)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_codegen.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..390f67dffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL table widget's C++ code generation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.automation import ACTION_REGISTRY
+from esphome.components.lvgl.defines import set_widgets_completed
+from esphome.components.lvgl.lvcode import LvContext
+from esphome.components.lvgl.schemas import container_schema
+from esphome.components.lvgl.trigger import generate_triggers
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets import Widget, widget_to_code
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets.table import table_spec
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AUTOMATION_ID,
+    CONF_ON_VALUE,
+    CONF_THEN,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE_ID,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArguments
+from esphome.yaml_util import make_data_base
+
+
+async def _create_table(raw_config: dict) -> Widget:
+    """Validate `raw_config` as a table widget and generate its creation code."""
+    config = container_schema(table_spec)(raw_config)
+    parent = MockObj("parent_obj")
+    async with LvContext():
+        return await widget_to_code(config, table_spec, parent)
+
+
+def _statements() -> list[str]:
+    return [str(s) for s in CORE.main_statements]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_table_sets_row_and_column_count(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table(
+        {"id": "table_counts", "rows": [["Name", "Value"], ["Temp", "22.5"]]}
+    )
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any("lv_table_set_row_count(table_counts->obj, 2)" in s for s in statements)
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_column_count(table_counts->obj, 2)" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_table_writes_cell_values(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_cells", "rows": [["Name", "Value"]]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        'lv_table_set_cell_value(table_cells->obj, 0, 0, "Name")' in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    assert any(
+        'lv_table_set_cell_value(table_cells->obj, 0, 1, "Value")' in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_table_sets_cell_control_flags(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table(
+        {
+            "id": "table_ctrl",
+            "rows": [
+                {
+                    "cells": [
+                        {"text": "wide", "merge_right": True},
+                        {"text": "cropped", "text_crop": True},
+                    ]
+                }
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_cell_ctrl(table_ctrl->obj, 0, 0, LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_MERGE_RIGHT)"
+        in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_cell_ctrl(table_ctrl->obj, 0, 1, LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_TEXT_CROP)"
+        in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    # text_crop omitted for cell 0: no clear_cell_ctrl() should be emitted.
+    assert not any(
+        "table_ctrl->obj, 0, 0, LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL_TEXT_CROP" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pixel_column_width_calls_lvgl_directly(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_px", "columns": [{"width": 96}]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_column_width(table_px->obj, 0, 96)" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_percent_column_width_uses_the_dynamic_helper(setup_core) -> None:
+    """Regression test: lv_table_set_column_width() only accepts a literal
+    pixel count, so a percentage width must not be passed to it directly -
+    it has to go through the LvTableType helper that recomputes it at
+    runtime from the table's actual content width.
+    """
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_pct", "columns": [{"width": "40%"}]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any("table_pct->init_column_pct(1)" in s for s in statements)
+    assert any("table_pct->add_column_width_pct(0, 40)" in s for s in statements)
+    assert not any(
+        "lv_table_set_column_width(table_pct->obj, 0" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_selected_cell_with_both_indices(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table(
+        {"id": "table_sel_both", "selected_row": 1, "selected_column": 2}
+    )
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_selected_cell(table_sel_both->obj, 1, 2)" in s for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_selected_cell_with_only_row_selects_whole_row(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_sel_row", "selected_row": 1})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "lv_table_set_selected_cell(table_sel_row->obj, 1, LV_TABLE_CELL_NONE)" in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_selected_cell_omitted_entirely_when_not_configured(
+    setup_core,
+) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_no_selection", "rows": [["a"]]})
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert not any("lv_table_set_selected_cell" in s for s in statements)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cell_update_action_writes_only_the_given_fields(setup_core) -> None:
+    await _create_table({"id": "table_update", "rows": [["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]})
+    set_widgets_completed(True)
+    # Only inspect statements emitted by the action below, not by creation.
+    before = len(_statements())
+
+    entry = ACTION_REGISTRY["lvgl.table.cell.update"]
+    config = entry.schema(
+        {"id": "table_update", "row": 1, "column": 1, "text": "new value"}
+    )
+    action_id = ID("test_cell_update_action", is_declaration=True, type=entry.type_id)
+    await entry.coroutine_fun(config, action_id, TemplateArguments(), [])
+
+    statements = _statements()[before:]
+    assert any(
+        'lv_table_set_cell_value(table_update->obj, 1, 1, "new value")' in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
+    # Neither control flag was specified, so neither call should be emitted.
+    assert not any("LV_TABLE_CELL_CTRL" in s for s in statements)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_on_value_registers_a_value_changed_event_callback(setup_core) -> None:
+    config = container_schema(table_spec)(
+        {
+            "id": "table_on_value",
+            "rows": [["a"]],
+            "on_value": [
+                {"lambda": make_data_base("id(table_on_value).get_selected_row();")}
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+    # Auto-generated IDs (trigger/automation/action) are normally resolved to
+    # unique names by esphome's full config pass before code generation; do
+    # that by hand here since this test only exercises the widget/trigger
+    # codegen slice in isolation.
+    automation_conf = config[CONF_ON_VALUE][0]
+    automation_conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID].resolve([])
+    automation_conf[CONF_AUTOMATION_ID].resolve([])
+    automation_conf[CONF_THEN][0][CONF_TYPE_ID].resolve([])
+
+    parent = MockObj("parent_obj")
+    async with LvContext():
+        await widget_to_code(config, table_spec, parent)
+        set_widgets_completed(True)
+        await generate_triggers()
+
+    statements = _statements()
+    assert any(
+        "table_on_value->obj" in s
+        and "add_event_cb" in s
+        and "LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED" in s
+        for s in statements
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..047d1781ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/lvgl/test_table_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""Tests for the LVGL table widget's configuration validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.automation import ACTION_REGISTRY
+from esphome.components.lvgl.widgets.table import (
+    CONF_MERGE_RIGHT,
+    CONF_TEXT_CROP,
+    TABLE_SCHEMA,
+)
+
+
+def test_minimal_config_is_valid() -> None:
+    assert TABLE_SCHEMA({}) == {}
+
+
+def test_row_shorthand_expands_to_plain_cells() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["Name", "Value"]]})
+    [row] = config["rows"]
+    assert row["cells"] == [{"text": "Name"}, {"text": "Value"}]
+
+
+def test_row_dict_form_with_cell_overrides() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "rows": [
+                {
+                    "cells": [
+                        "Temp",
+                        {"text": "22.5", "text_crop": True, "merge_right": True},
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+    [row] = config["rows"]
+    assert row["cells"][0] == {"text": "Temp"}
+    assert row["cells"][1] == {
+        "text": "22.5",
+        "merge_right": True,
+        "text_crop": True,
+    }
+
+
+def test_row_count_defaults_are_not_injected_by_the_schema() -> None:
+    # Inference of row/column counts from `rows` happens at code generation
+    # time, not during validation - the schema should leave them unset.
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["a", "b"], ["c"]]})
+    assert "row_count" not in config
+    assert "column_count" not in config
+
+
+def test_explicit_row_and_column_count_are_kept() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"row_count": 5, "column_count": 3})
+    assert config["row_count"] == 5
+    assert config["column_count"] == 3
+
+
+def test_row_count_too_small_for_given_rows_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="row_count"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["a"], ["b"], ["c"]], "row_count": 2})
+
+
+def test_column_count_too_small_for_given_cells_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="column_count"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA({"rows": [["a", "b", "c"]], "column_count": 2})
+
+
+def test_columns_list_longer_than_column_count_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="columns"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                "column_count": 1,
+                "columns": [{"width": 10}, {"width": 20}],
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_columns_list_matching_inferred_column_count_is_valid() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "rows": [["a", "b"]],
+            "columns": [{"width": 10}, {"width": 20}],
+        }
+    )
+    assert [c["width"] for c in config["columns"]] == [10, 20]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("width", "expected"),
+    [
+        (100, 100),
+        ("50%", 0.5),
+        ("32px", 32),
+    ],
+)
+def test_column_width_accepts_pixels_and_percent(width, expected) -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"columns": [{"width": width}]})
+    assert config["columns"][0]["width"] == expected
+
+
+def test_columns_percent_widths_summing_over_100_percent_raises() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="columns"):
+        TABLE_SCHEMA({"columns": [{"width": "60%"}, {"width": "50%"}]})
+
+
+def test_columns_percent_widths_summing_to_100_percent_is_valid() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"columns": [{"width": "60%"}, {"width": "40%"}]})
+    assert [c["width"] for c in config["columns"]] == [0.6, 0.4]
+
+
+def test_columns_mixed_pixel_and_percent_widths_ignore_pixels_in_the_total() -> None:
+    # Pixel widths aren't part of the percentage budget, so they shouldn't
+    # count towards the 100% limit.
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA(
+        {"columns": [{"width": 200}, {"width": "80%"}, {"width": "20%"}]}
+    )
+    assert [c["width"] for c in config["columns"]] == [200, 0.8, 0.2]
+
+
+def test_selected_row_and_selected_column_are_independently_optional() -> None:
+    config = TABLE_SCHEMA({"selected_row": 1})
+    assert config["selected_row"] == 1
+    assert "selected_column" not in config
+
+
+def test_cell_update_action_requires_at_least_one_field() -> None:
+    entry = ACTION_REGISTRY["lvgl.table.cell.update"]
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        entry.schema({"id": "some_table", "row": 0, "column": 0})
+
+
+def test_cell_update_action_accepts_a_single_field() -> None:
+    entry = ACTION_REGISTRY["lvgl.table.cell.update"]
+    config = entry.schema(
+        {"id": "some_table", "row": 0, "column": 0, "merge_right": True}
+    )
+    assert config[CONF_MERGE_RIGHT] is True
+    assert CONF_TEXT_CROP not in config
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96fb73b18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/micro_wake_word/test_init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Tests for the micro_wake_word model source validation and downloads."""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components import micro_wake_word as mww
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_PATH,
+    CONF_REF,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_URL,
+)
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_download_content_many() -> MagicMock:
+    """Patch the concurrent download helper so no network is involved."""
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.micro_wake_word.external_files.download_content_many"
+    ) as m:
+        yield m
+
+
+def test_shorthand_model_name_resolves_without_network(
+    mock_download_content_many: MagicMock,
+) -> None:
+    config = mww._validate_source_shorthand("okay_nabu")
+    assert config[CONF_TYPE] == mww.TYPE_HTTP
+    assert config[CONF_URL] == (
+        "https://github.com/esphome/micro-wake-word-models/raw/main/models/v2/okay_nabu.json"
+    )
+    mock_download_content_many.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_shorthand_git_with_ref_not_captured_as_model_name(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    repo_dir = tmp_path / "repo"
+    repo_dir.mkdir()
+    (repo_dir / "model.json").write_text("{}")
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.micro_wake_word.git.clone_or_update",
+        return_value=(repo_dir, None),
+    ):
+        config = mww._validate_source_shorthand("github://user/repo/model.json@main")
+    assert config[CONF_TYPE] == "git"
+    assert config[CONF_URL] == "https://github.com/user/repo.git"
+    assert config[CONF_FILE] == "model.json"
+    assert config[CONF_REF] == "main"
+
+
+def test_shorthand_local_path_not_captured_as_model_name(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    manifest = tmp_path / "model.json"
+    manifest.write_text("{}")
+    config = mww.MODEL_SOURCE_SCHEMA(str(manifest))
+    assert config[CONF_TYPE] == "local"
+    assert Path(config[CONF_PATH]) == manifest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value", ["some/path/file", "name@ref", "bad:name", "okay_nabu\n", "héllo"]
+)
+def test_model_name_rejects_non_identifiers(value: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        mww._validate_source_model_name(value)
+
+
+def _http_model(name: str) -> dict:
+    return {
+        CONF_MODEL: {
+            CONF_TYPE: mww.TYPE_HTTP,
+            CONF_URL: f"https://example.com/models/{name}.json",
+        }
+    }
+
+
+def _write_manifest(model_config: dict, contents: str) -> Path:
+    path = mww._compute_local_file_path(model_config[CONF_MODEL])
+    path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    manifest = path / "manifest.json"
+    manifest.write_text(contents)
+    return path
+
+
+def test_download_http_models_batches_manifests_then_models(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_download_content_many: MagicMock
+) -> None:
+    names = ("okay_nabu", "hey_mycroft", "vad")
+    models = {name: _http_model(name) for name in names}
+    paths = {
+        name: _write_manifest(models[name], json.dumps({"model": f"{name}.tflite"}))
+        for name in names
+    }
+    config = {
+        mww.CONF_MODELS: [
+            models["okay_nabu"],
+            models["hey_mycroft"],
+            # non-http sources must be ignored
+            {CONF_MODEL: {CONF_TYPE: "local", CONF_PATH: "x"}},
+        ],
+        mww.CONF_VAD: models["vad"],
+    }
+
+    assert mww._download_http_models(config) is config
+
+    assert mock_download_content_many.call_count == 2
+    manifest_items = list(mock_download_content_many.call_args_list[0].args[0])
+    assert manifest_items == [
+        RemoteFile(
+            f"https://example.com/models/{name}.json", paths[name] / "manifest.json"
+        )
+        for name in names
+    ]
+    model_items = list(mock_download_content_many.call_args_list[1].args[0])
+    assert model_items == [
+        RemoteFile(
+            f"https://example.com/models/{name}.tflite", paths[name] / f"{name}.tflite"
+        )
+        for name in names
+    ]
+
+
+def test_download_http_models_no_http_sources_skips_download(
+    mock_download_content_many: MagicMock,
+) -> None:
+    config = {mww.CONF_MODELS: [{CONF_MODEL: {CONF_TYPE: "local", CONF_PATH: "x"}}]}
+    assert mww._download_http_models(config) is config
+    mock_download_content_many.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("contents", "message"),
+    [
+        ("not json", "Invalid manifest file"),
+        ("[1, 2]", "must contain a JSON object"),
+        ("{}", "missing the 'model' key"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_download_http_models_bad_manifest_raises(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    mock_download_content_many: MagicMock,
+    contents: str,
+    message: str,
+) -> None:
+    model = _http_model("okay_nabu")
+    config = {mww.CONF_MODELS: [model]}
+    _write_manifest(model, contents)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=message):
+        mww._download_http_models(config)
+    # manifests were still fetched in one batch; the model batch never ran
+    assert mock_download_content_many.call_count == 1
+
+
+def test_download_http_models_collects_all_manifest_errors(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_download_content_many: MagicMock
+) -> None:
+    models = {name: _http_model(name) for name in ("one", "two")}
+    config = {mww.CONF_MODELS: list(models.values())}
+    _write_manifest(models["one"], "not json")
+    _write_manifest(models["two"], "[1]")
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.MultipleInvalid) as excinfo:
+        mww._download_http_models(config)
+    assert len(excinfo.value.errors) == 2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/test_light.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/test_light.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5440db4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/shelly_dimmer/test_light.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""Tests for the shelly_dimmer firmware download and prefetch extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import external_files
+from esphome.components.shelly_dimmer import light as shd
+from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def _sha(data: bytes) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_known_version(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": True}}]
+    stages = list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    url, sha = shd.KNOWN_FIRMWARE["51.6"]
+    assert stages == [[RemoteFile(url, shd._firmware_cache_path(sha))]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_normalizes_update_like_the_schema(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Quoted booleans behave as the schema will normalize them."""
+    url, sha = shd.KNOWN_FIRMWARE["51.6"]
+    off = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": "false"}}]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(off)) == [[]]
+    on = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": "true"}}]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(on)) == [
+        [RemoteFile(url, shd._firmware_cache_path(sha))]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_rejects_malformed_sha256(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A raw sha256 that is not a hash never becomes a path component."""
+    entries = [
+        {
+            "firmware": {
+                "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin",
+                "sha256": "/tmp/payload",
+                "update": True,
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_content_addressed_blob_on_disk(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A sha-keyed cache file needs no revalidation; get_firmware hashes it."""
+    url, sha = shd.KNOWN_FIRMWARE["51.6"]
+    shd._firmware_cache_path(sha).write_bytes(b"pinned firmware")
+    entries = [{"firmware": {"version": "51.6", "update": True}}]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_explicit_url_without_sha(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    url = "https://example.com/fw.bin"
+    entries = [{"firmware": {"url": url, "update": True}}]
+    stages = list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries))
+    key = external_files.url_cache_key(url)
+    # No sha means the bytes cannot be verified, so the prefetch itself
+    # must carry the validator's strict no-stale policy.
+    assert stages == [
+        [RemoteFile(url, shd._firmware_cache_path(key), allow_stale=False)]
+    ]
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_no_update(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    entries = [
+        {"firmware": {"version": "51.6"}},
+        {"firmware": "51.6"},
+        {"firmware": {"version": "0.0", "update": True}},
+        {},
+    ]
+    assert list(shd.PREFETCH_FILES(entries)) == [[]]
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_rejects_corrupted_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached blob failing its hash check is discarded and re-downloaded."""
+    good = b"good firmware"
+    expected = _sha(good)
+    path = shd._firmware_cache_path(expected)
+    path.write_bytes(b"corrupted blob")
+
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content",
+        return_value=good,
+    ) as mock_download:
+        result = shd.get_firmware(
+            {
+                "update": True,
+                "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin",
+                "sha256": expected,
+            }
+        )
+
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert result == [int(b) for b in good]
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_trusts_valid_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached blob passing its hash check is used with zero network."""
+    good = b"good firmware"
+    expected = _sha(good)
+    shd._firmware_cache_path(expected).write_bytes(good)
+
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content"
+    ) as mock_download:
+        result = shd.get_firmware(
+            {
+                "update": True,
+                "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin",
+                "sha256": expected,
+            }
+        )
+
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert result == [int(b) for b in good]
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_hash_mismatch_raises_and_uncaches(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A fresh download failing its hash check raises and is not cached."""
+    expected = _sha(b"expected firmware")
+    path = shd._firmware_cache_path(expected)
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content",
+            return_value=b"wrong firmware",
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Hash mismatch"),
+    ):
+        shd.get_firmware(
+            {"update": True, "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin", "sha256": expected}
+        )
+
+    assert not path.exists()
+
+
+def test_get_firmware_without_sha_rejects_stale(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The unverifiable no-hash branch must not accept a stale copy."""
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.shelly_dimmer.light.external_files.download_content",
+        return_value=b"fw",
+    ) as mock_download:
+        shd.get_firmware({"update": True, "url": "https://example.com/fw.bin"})
+
+    assert mock_download.call_args.kwargs["allow_stale"] is False
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp8266.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp8266.py
index 318fd2d889..fb0e437d24 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp8266.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp8266.py
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 """Tests for ESP8266 component."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.components.esp8266 import lambdas_use_scanf_float
-from esphome.core import Lambda
+from esphome.components import esp8266
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import check_rosetta, lambdas_use_scanf_float
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Lambda
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 
@@ -60,3 +66,54 @@ def test_lambdas_use_scanf_float_nested() -> None:
     """Test detection in deeply nested config."""
     config: ConfigType = {"a": {"b": {"c": [Lambda('sscanf(buf, "%f", &v)')]}}}
     assert lambdas_use_scanf_float(config) is True
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def apple_silicon_run(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Generator[MagicMock]:
+    """Simulate an Apple Silicon Mac and yield the mocked subprocess.run."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(esp8266, "IS_MACOS", True)
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.components.esp8266.platform.machine", return_value="arm64"),
+        patch("esphome.components.esp8266.subprocess.run") as mock_run,
+    ):
+        yield mock_run
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("is_macos", "machine"),
+    [
+        (False, "arm64"),
+        (True, "x86_64"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_check_rosetta_skips_other_systems(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, is_macos: bool, machine: str
+) -> None:
+    """The check only probes on Apple Silicon Macs."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(esp8266, "IS_MACOS", is_macos)
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.components.esp8266.platform.machine", return_value=machine),
+        patch("esphome.components.esp8266.subprocess.run") as mock_run,
+    ):
+        check_rosetta()
+    mock_run.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_check_rosetta_installed(apple_silicon_run: MagicMock) -> None:
+    """No error when the x86_64 probe succeeds (Rosetta present)."""
+    apple_silicon_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+    check_rosetta()
+    apple_silicon_run.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_check_rosetta_missing(apple_silicon_run: MagicMock) -> None:
+    """A failing x86_64 probe raises an actionable error."""
+    apple_silicon_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=1)
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="softwareupdate --install-rosetta"):
+        check_rosetta()
+
+
+def test_check_rosetta_arch_unavailable(apple_silicon_run: MagicMock) -> None:
+    """The build proceeds when arch(1) cannot be executed."""
+    apple_silicon_run.side_effect = OSError("no such file")
+    check_rosetta()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp_stacktrace.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp_stacktrace.py
index f231ac5fb7..ed1b12029e 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp_stacktrace.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp_stacktrace.py
@@ -137,3 +137,77 @@ def test_process_stacktrace_esp32_crash_handler(
     state = process_stacktrace(config, line_bt1, False)
     mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_called_once_with(config, "42005ABC")
     assert state is False
+
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    # Reason line carries no address, must not trigger a decode
+    line_reason = "[E][esp32.crash:079]:   Reason: Fault - LoadProhibited (cause 28)"
+    state = process_stacktrace(config, line_reason, False)
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_not_called()
+    assert state is False
+
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    # EXCVADDR pointing at code (e.g. jumping through a corrupted pointer) decodes
+    line_excvaddr = "[E][esp32.crash:081]:   EXCVADDR: 0x400D9ABC  (faulting address)"
+    state = process_stacktrace(config, line_excvaddr, False)
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_called_once_with(config, "400D9ABC")
+    assert state is False
+
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    # EXCVADDR pointing at data (heap/null) is not a code address, must be ignored
+    line_excvaddr_data = (
+        "[E][esp32.crash:081]:   EXCVADDR: 0x0000001C  (faulting address)"
+    )
+    state = process_stacktrace(config, line_excvaddr_data, False)
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_not_called()
+    assert state is False
+
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    # RISC-V MTVAL pointing at code decodes
+    line_mtval = "[E][esp32.crash:081]:   MTVAL: 0x42001234  (faulting address)"
+    state = process_stacktrace(config, line_mtval, False)
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_called_once_with(config, "42001234")
+    assert state is False
+
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    # RISC-V MTVAL pointing at data must be ignored
+    line_mtval_data = "[E][esp32.crash:081]:   MTVAL: 0x3FC80123  (faulting address)"
+    state = process_stacktrace(config, line_mtval_data, False)
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_not_called()
+    assert state is False
+
+
+def test_process_stacktrace_esp32_foreign_crash(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_esp32_decode_pc: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Crash records from a different firmware build must not be decoded."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import process_stacktrace
+
+    config = {"name": "test"}
+
+    line_note = (
+        "[E][esp32.crash:390]:   Captured by a different firmware build; "
+        "addresses belong to that build's ELF"
+    )
+    state = process_stacktrace(config, line_note, False)
+    mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_not_called()
+    assert state is False
+
+    # Lowercase labels are deliberately not matched by any decoder regex,
+    # since symbols would come from the wrong ELF
+    lines_addrs = [
+        "[E][esp32.crash:391]:   pc: 0x400D1234",
+        "[E][esp32.crash:392]:   excvaddr: 0x400D5678",
+        "[E][esp32.crash:392]:   mtval: 0x42001234",
+        "[E][esp32.crash:393]:   bt0: 0x400F19A6",
+        "[E][esp32.crash:394]:   other core (0):",
+        "[E][esp32.crash:395]:   bt15: 0x42005ABC",
+    ]
+    for line in lines_addrs:
+        state = process_stacktrace(config, line, False)
+        mock_esp32_decode_pc.assert_not_called()
+        assert state is False
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_libretiny.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_libretiny.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de54fcc6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_libretiny.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Tests for LibreTiny board detection, including renamed-board migration."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components import bk72xx, ln882x, rtl87xx
+from esphome.components.libretiny import BASE_SCHEMA, _detect_variant
+from esphome.components.libretiny.const import (
+    FAMILY_LN882H,
+    KEY_COMPONENT_DATA,
+    KEY_LIBRETINY,
+)
+from esphome.components.ln882x import COMPONENT_DATA
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BOARD, CONF_FAMILY
+from esphome.core import CORE, KEY_CORE
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ln882x_core_data() -> None:
+    """Populate CORE the way the ln882x component schema does."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY] = {KEY_COMPONENT_DATA: COMPONENT_DATA}
+
+
+def test_detect_variant_known_board_passes(ln882x_core_data: None) -> None:
+    """A current board id resolves its family without warnings."""
+    result = _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "generic-ln882h"})
+    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "generic-ln882h"
+    assert result[CONF_FAMILY] == FAMILY_LN882H
+
+
+def test_detect_variant_renamed_board_migrates(
+    ln882x_core_data: None, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A pre-rename board id validates against the new id, with a warning."""
+    result = _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "generic-ln882hki"})
+    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "generic-ln882h"
+    assert result[CONF_FAMILY] == FAMILY_LN882H
+    assert "renamed to 'generic-ln882h'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_detect_variant_renamed_board_does_not_mutate_input(
+    ln882x_core_data: None,
+) -> None:
+    """Migration copies the config; the caller's dict keeps the old id."""
+    value = {CONF_BOARD: "generic-ln882hki"}
+    _detect_variant(value)
+    assert value[CONF_BOARD] == "generic-ln882hki"
+
+
+def test_detect_variant_unknown_board_still_raises(ln882x_core_data: None) -> None:
+    """Ids outside the rename map keep the family-override error."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="This board is unknown"):
+        _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "not-a-real-board"})
+
+
+def test_platform_schemas_are_isolated_instances() -> None:
+    """Each LibreTiny platform must own its CONFIG_SCHEMA instance.
+
+    BASE_SCHEMA is shared; every platform prepends its own _set_core_data
+    extra. On the shared object, importing two platform modules in one process
+    made either platform's validation run both extras, so the wrong platform's
+    component data won and known boards failed to resolve.
+    """
+    platforms = (bk72xx, ln882x, rtl87xx)
+    schemas = [platform.CONFIG_SCHEMA for platform in platforms]
+    assert len({id(schema) for schema in (BASE_SCHEMA, *schemas)}) == 4
+    # The shared base must not have accumulated any platform's extra.
+    # prepend_extra wraps validators in _Schema, so unwrap before comparing.
+    base_extras = [extra.schema for extra in BASE_SCHEMA._extra_schemas]
+    for platform in platforms:
+        assert platform._set_core_data not in base_extras
+
+
+def test_each_platform_resolves_its_own_boards() -> None:
+    """Validating one platform's config must leave that platform's component
+    data in CORE.data. On the shared schema, the last-imported platform's
+    _set_core_data won for every platform, so known boards failed to resolve
+    with "This board is unknown"."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {}  # written by the schema's _update_core_data extra
+    for platform, board in (
+        (ln882x, "generic-ln882h"),
+        (bk72xx, "generic-bk7252"),
+        (rtl87xx, "generic-rtl8720cf-2mb-896k"),
+    ):
+        platform.CONFIG_SCHEMA({CONF_BOARD: board})
+        assert CORE.data[KEY_LIBRETINY][KEY_COMPONENT_DATA] is platform.COMPONENT_DATA
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd92bc24fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+"""Tests for the ``rp2`` target-platform component.
+
+``rp2`` is the canonical name for the Raspberry Pi RP-series target
+platform. ``rp2040`` is a deprecated alias declared via
+``ALIASES = ["rp2040"]`` on the rp2 component — the framework
+(see ``esphome/loader.py`` and ``esphome/config.py``) handles both
+Python-import aliasing (via a ``sys.meta_path`` finder) and YAML-key
+aliasing (via a pre-pass in ``validate_config``), so there is no
+hand-rolled shim in ``esphome/components/rp2040/``.
+
+These tests pin down the canonical board helpers; the alias contract
+itself (Python imports, YAML key rename, deprecation warning) is covered
+by the framework tests under ``tests/unit_tests/``.
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.components import rp2
+
+
+def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_known_wifi_board() -> None:
+    """``rpipicow`` is the canonical Pico W → True."""
+    assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("rpipicow") is True
+
+
+def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_known_non_wifi_board() -> None:
+    """Plain ``rpipico`` has no CYW43 → False."""
+    assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("rpipico") is False
+
+
+def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_rp2350_w_variant() -> None:
+    """``rpipico2w`` is the RP2350 Pico 2 W → True."""
+    assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("rpipico2w") is True
+
+
+def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_unknown_board_returns_true() -> None:
+    """Unknown ids fail open so a custom board is not rejected.
+
+    The validator falls back to ESPHome's compile-time check; the
+    helper returning True here means the wizard emits a ``wifi:``
+    block and any genuinely-unsupported config trips the existing
+    "no CYW43" guard at compile time.
+    """
+    assert rp2.board_id_has_wifi("not-a-real-board-id") is True
+
+
+def test_rp2_declares_rp2040_as_alias() -> None:
+    """The framework-level deprecation hook is on the ``rp2`` component.
+
+    The legacy ``rp2040:`` YAML key works because the rp2 component
+    opts in via ``ALIASES``; without this declaration the rename
+    framework wouldn't route legacy configs.
+    """
+    assert "rp2040" in rp2.ALIASES
+    assert rp2.ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION == "2027.7.0"
+
+
+def test_rp2040_python_import_resolves_to_rp2() -> None:
+    """``from esphome.components import rp2040`` must work for external
+    custom components and external tooling (device-builder, the dashboard
+    wizard, etc.) that still import from the legacy module path.
+
+    The ``_AliasFinder`` on ``sys.meta_path`` rewrites the lookup to
+    the canonical module — both should be the same object.
+    """
+    from esphome.components import (
+        rp2,
+        rp2040,  # routed via _AliasFinder
+    )
+
+    assert rp2040 is rp2
+
+
+def test_rp2040_submodule_imports_resolve_to_rp2_submodules() -> None:
+    """Submodule imports (e.g. ``esphome.components.rp2040.boards``) must
+    also route to the canonical equivalents — the board-generator script
+    and the dashboard wizard both rely on this path.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.rp2 import (
+        boards as rp2_boards,
+        generate_boards as rp2_generate,
+    )
+    from esphome.components.rp2040 import (
+        boards as rp2040_boards,
+        generate_boards as rp2040_generate,
+    )
+
+    assert rp2040_boards is rp2_boards
+    assert rp2040_generate is rp2_generate
+
+
+def test_lwip_segment_pool_exceeds_per_pcb_queue() -> None:
+    """The segment pool is global while the send queue is per-PCB.
+
+    lwIP's sanity check only requires ``MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN``,
+    which is the floor for a *single* connection: at equality one busy PCB can
+    drain the pool for every other PCB. Dropping back to that floor would
+    rebuild the starvation this sizing exists to prevent, and nothing in the
+    build would complain.
+    """
+    assert rp2.LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG >= 2 * rp2.LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
+
+
+def test_lwip_mem_size_keeps_mem_size_t_narrow() -> None:
+    """``lwip/mem.h`` widens ``mem_size_t`` to ``u32_t`` on
+    ``MEM_SIZE > 64000L``, growing the header on every heap block. Raising the
+    heap past that bound is a real option, but it should be a deliberate one
+    rather than a side effect of tuning.
+    """
+    assert rp2.LWIP_MEM_SIZE <= 64000
+
+
+def test_lwip_mem_size_holds_the_concurrent_senders_it_claims() -> None:
+    """Pin the floor as well as the ceiling.
+
+    The ceiling above is satisfied by arduino-pico's own 16 KB, which is the
+    value this change exists to move off, so on its own it would let a revert
+    through. Derive the floor from the sizing comment on the constant: with
+    TCP_OVERSIZE at TCP_MSS every queued segment takes a full MSS-sized block
+    (pbuf header + PBUF_TRANSPORT offset + 1460 + heap block header, ~1.5 KB),
+    a PCB at a full 4xMSS TCP_SND_BUF holds four of them, and api's
+    max_connections on rp2 is 4. Room for three concurrent senders is the
+    minimum that makes the change worth making; 16 KB does not reach it.
+    """
+    segments_per_full_send_buf = 4
+    bytes_per_mss_block = 1536
+    concurrent_senders = 3
+
+    assert (
+        concurrent_senders * segments_per_full_send_buf * bytes_per_mss_block
+        <= rp2.LWIP_MEM_SIZE
+    )
+
+
+def test_lwip_defines_carry_the_sizing_into_the_header() -> None:
+    """The constants above only matter if they reach the generated header.
+
+    ``build_lwip_defines()`` is what feeds lwipopts.h.jinja, so assert on it
+    rather than on the constants alone: dropping a key here would silently
+    fall back to arduino-pico's own value while every other assertion in this
+    file stayed green.
+    """
+    defines = rp2.build_lwip_defines(tcp_sockets=8, udp_sockets=6, listening_tcp=2)
+
+    assert defines["MEM_SIZE"] == str(rp2.LWIP_MEM_SIZE)
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG"] == str(rp2.LWIP_MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG)
+    assert defines["TCP_SND_QUEUELEN"] == str(rp2.LWIP_TCP_SND_QUEUELEN)
+    # Socket-derived counts pass through untouched.
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB"] == "8"
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB"] == "6"
+    assert defines["MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN"] == "2"
+
+
+def test_lwipopts_template_renders_every_sizing_value() -> None:
+    """Render the template the way _generate_lwipopts_h() does and check the
+    header that actually ships.
+
+    Covers both directions. A ``#define`` block deleted from the template
+    leaves the value at arduino-pico's own, which for MEM_SIZE is the 16 KB
+    heap this change exists to move off, and the loop below catches that. A
+    placeholder with no dict key would otherwise render empty and emit a bare
+    ``#define FOO``; StrictUndefined turns that into an error instead.
+    Matching on text also survives a filter or conditional appearing in the
+    template later, which a placeholder regex would not.
+    """
+    from jinja2 import Environment, StrictUndefined
+
+    defines = rp2.build_lwip_defines(tcp_sockets=8, udp_sockets=6, listening_tcp=2)
+    template_text = (Path(rp2.__file__).parent / "lwipopts.h.jinja").read_text(
+        encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    rendered = (
+        Environment(keep_trailing_newline=True, undefined=StrictUndefined)
+        .from_string(template_text)
+        .render(**defines)
+    )
+
+    for name, value in defines.items():
+        assert re.search(
+            rf"^#define {re.escape(name)} +{re.escape(value)}$", rendered, re.MULTILINE
+        ), f"{name} did not reach the generated header as {value!r}"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e726933ed..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for RP2040 component public helpers and variant detection."""
-
-import pytest
-
-from esphome.components.rp2040 import _detect_variant, board_id_has_wifi
-from esphome.components.rp2040.const import VARIANT_RP2040, VARIANT_RP2350
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BOARD, CONF_VARIANT
-
-
-def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_known_wifi_board() -> None:
-    """``rpipicow`` is the canonical Pico W → True."""
-    assert board_id_has_wifi("rpipicow") is True
-
-
-def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_known_non_wifi_board() -> None:
-    """Plain ``rpipico`` has no CYW43 → False."""
-    assert board_id_has_wifi("rpipico") is False
-
-
-def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_rp2350_w_variant() -> None:
-    """``rpipico2w`` is the RP2350 Pico 2 W → True."""
-    assert board_id_has_wifi("rpipico2w") is True
-
-
-def test_board_id_has_wifi_for_unknown_board_returns_true() -> None:
-    """Unknown ids fail open so a custom board is not rejected.
-
-    The validator falls back to ESPHome's compile-time check; the
-    helper returning True here means the wizard emits a ``wifi:``
-    block and any genuinely-unsupported config trips the existing
-    "no CYW43" guard at compile time.
-    """
-    assert board_id_has_wifi("not-a-real-board-id") is True
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_derives_variant_from_board() -> None:
-    """Board alone resolves to the matching variant."""
-    result = _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "rpipicow"})
-    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "rpipicow"
-    assert result[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_RP2040
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_derives_variant_from_rp2350_board() -> None:
-    """An RP2350 board resolves to ``RP2350``."""
-    result = _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "rpipico2"})
-    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "rpipico2"
-    assert result[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_RP2350
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_only_picks_default_board_rp2040() -> None:
-    """Variant alone picks Pico W as the canonical RP2040 board."""
-    result = _detect_variant({CONF_VARIANT: VARIANT_RP2040})
-    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "rpipicow"
-    assert result[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_RP2040
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_only_picks_default_board_rp2350() -> None:
-    """Variant alone picks Pico 2 W as the canonical RP2350 board."""
-    result = _detect_variant({CONF_VARIANT: VARIANT_RP2350})
-    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "rpipico2w"
-    assert result[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_RP2350
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_matching_explicit_variant_passes() -> None:
-    """Specifying both a board and the matching variant is allowed."""
-    result = _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "rpipico2", CONF_VARIANT: VARIANT_RP2350})
-    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "rpipico2"
-    assert result[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_RP2350
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_mismatched_variant_raises() -> None:
-    """Board/variant mismatch must be rejected and name the offending board."""
-    with pytest.raises(
-        cv.Invalid, match=r"does not match the selected board 'rpipicow'"
-    ):
-        _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "rpipicow", CONF_VARIANT: VARIANT_RP2350})
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_unknown_board_without_variant_raises() -> None:
-    """Unknown board with no variant tells the user how to recover."""
-    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="please specify the chip variant"):
-        _detect_variant({CONF_BOARD: "not-a-real-board"})
-
-
-def test_detect_variant_unknown_board_with_variant_passes() -> None:
-    """Unknown board + explicit variant is accepted (with a warning)."""
-    result = _detect_variant(
-        {CONF_BOARD: "not-a-real-board", CONF_VARIANT: VARIANT_RP2040}
-    )
-    assert result[CONF_BOARD] == "not-a-real-board"
-    assert result[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_RP2040
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py
similarity index 60%
rename from tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
rename to tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py
index 551e88f6f6..329248488c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2_generate_boards.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Tests for rp2040 generate_boards.py."""
+"""Tests for rp2 generate_boards.py."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import textwrap
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.components.rp2040.generate_boards import load_boards, parse_variant_pins
+from esphome.components.rp2.generate_boards import (
+    generate,
+    load_boards,
+    parse_variant_pins,
+)
 
 PICO_PINS_HEADER = textwrap.dedent("""\
     #pragma once
@@ -151,6 +155,8 @@ def test_load_basic_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
     assert boards["rpipico"]["name"] == "Raspberry Pi Pico"
     assert boards["rpipico"]["mcu"] == "rp2040"
     assert boards["rpipico"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    # The die key only applies to the RP2350, which ships as more than one die
+    assert "die" not in boards["rpipico"]
 
     assert "rpipico" in board_pins
     assert board_pins["rpipico"]["LED"] == 25
@@ -158,19 +164,195 @@ def test_load_basic_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
 
 
 def test_load_rp2350_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """The Pico 2 uses the RP2350A die, which only exposes GPIO 0-29."""
     _add_board(
         arduino_pico,
         "rpipico2",
         mcu="rp2350",
         vendor="Raspberry Pi",
         name="Pico 2",
-        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 1\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
     )
 
     _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
 
     assert boards["rpipico2"]["mcu"] == "rp2350"
-    assert boards["rpipico2"]["max_pin"] == 47
+    assert boards["rpipico2"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    assert boards["rpipico2"]["die"] == "A"
+
+
+def test_rp2350_missing_die_define_raises(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """A variant without PICO_RP2350A cannot be classified; fail loudly."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "no_die_define",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no PICO_RP2350A define"):
+        load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+
+def test_rp2350_unrecognized_die_define_raises(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """An unparseable PICO_RP2350A value must not silently widen to B-die."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "hex_die_define",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 0x1\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unrecognized PICO_RP2350A value"):
+        load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+
+def test_rp2350_unknown_die_define_raises(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """A third die breaks the "not A means B" reading, so stop rather than guess."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "future_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 0\n#define PICO_RP2350C 1\n"
+        + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="found a PICO_RP2350C define"):
+        load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+
+def test_rp2350_silicon_revision_define_ignored(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """PICO_RP2350_A2_SUPPORTED is a silicon revision, not a die letter."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "revision_define",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 1\n#define PICO_RP2350_A2_SUPPORTED 1\n"
+        + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["revision_define"]["die"] == "A"
+
+
+def test_rp2350a_parenthesized_die_define(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Literal forms like (1u) classify the same as bare 1."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "paren_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A (1u)\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["paren_die"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    assert boards["paren_die"]["die"] == "A"
+
+
+def test_rp2350b_board_keeps_max_pin_47(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """A variant declaring the RP2350B die keeps the full GPIO 0-47 range.
+
+    The define uses extra whitespace, matching real variant headers.
+    """
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "weact_rp2350b",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A   0 // RP2350B\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["weact_rp2350b"]["max_pin"] == 47
+    assert boards["weact_rp2350b"]["die"] == "B"
+
+
+def test_rp2350_menu_selectable_die_keeps_max_pin_47(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Generic boards leave the die a build-time choice; stay permissive.
+
+    The permissive range is a fallback, so the die must be recorded as unknown
+    rather than as the B die.
+    """
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "generic_rp2350",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A __PICO_RP2350A\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["generic_rp2350"]["max_pin"] == 47
+    assert boards["generic_rp2350"]["die"] is None
+
+
+def test_generated_output_records_die(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """The rendered boards.py carries the die on every RP2350 entry."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "a_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 1\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "b_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 0\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "menu_die",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A __PICO_RP2350A\n" + PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    namespace: dict = {}
+    exec(compile(generate(arduino_pico), "boards.py", "exec"), namespace)
+
+    boards = namespace["BOARDS"]
+    assert boards["a_die"]["die"] == "A"
+    assert boards["b_die"]["die"] == "B"
+    assert boards["menu_die"]["die"] is None
+    assert "die" not in boards["rpipico"]
+
+
+def test_rp2350a_pins_above_29_filtered(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Pin defines beyond the A-die range are dropped from the pin map."""
+    header = textwrap.dedent("""\
+        #define PICO_RP2350A 1
+        #define PIN_LED        (25u)
+        #define PIN_SPI0_MISO  (40u)
+    """)
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "a_die", mcu="rp2350", pins_header=header)
+
+    board_pins, _ = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert board_pins["a_die"]["LED"] == 25
+    assert "MISO" not in board_pins["a_die"]
+
+
+def test_rp2350a_board_keeps_cyw43_virtual_pins(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """A-die narrowing must not filter CYW43 virtual pins (64-66)."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico2w",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        pins_header="#define PICO_RP2350A 1\n" + PICOW_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    board_pins, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["rpipico2w"]["max_pin"] == 29
+    assert boards["rpipico2w"]["max_virtual_pin"] == 64
+    assert board_pins["rpipico2w"]["LED"] == 64
 
 
 def test_cyw43_board_has_max_virtual_pin(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_wifi.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_wifi.py
index 9598c1bdd8..3899b3d854 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_wifi.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_wifi.py
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ def test_has_native_wifi_esp32_variant_case_insensitive() -> None:
 
 def test_has_native_wifi_dispatches_rp2040_to_board_check() -> None:
     """RP2040 platform routes through ``rp2040.board_id_has_wifi``."""
-    assert has_native_wifi(platform=Platform.RP2040, board="rpipicow") is True
-    assert has_native_wifi(platform=Platform.RP2040, board="rpipico") is False
+    assert has_native_wifi(platform=Platform.RP2, board="rpipicow") is True
+    assert has_native_wifi(platform=Platform.RP2, board="rpipico") is False
 
 
 def test_has_native_wifi_returns_false_for_nrf52() -> None:
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def test_has_native_wifi_esp32_without_variant_assumes_wifi() -> None:
 
 def test_has_native_wifi_rp2040_without_board_assumes_wifi() -> None:
     """RP2040 without a board id falls open to True (custom-board default)."""
-    assert has_native_wifi(platform=Platform.RP2040) is True
+    assert has_native_wifi(platform=Platform.RP2) is True
 
 
 def _wifi_config(
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py b/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py
index 13450b10f0..9de8f715ef 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ not be part of a unit test suite.
 """
 
 from collections.abc import Generator
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import sys
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
@@ -40,6 +41,19 @@ def fixture_path() -> Path:
     return here / "fixtures"
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def probe_env() -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Environment for running fixture probe scripts as subprocesses.
+
+    Running a script file drops the cwd from sys.path, so prepend the
+    repo root for the child.
+    """
+    python_path = str(package_root)
+    if ambient := os.environ.get("PYTHONPATH"):
+        python_path = os.pathsep.join((python_path, ambient))
+    return os.environ | {"PYTHONPATH": python_path}
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def setup_core(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
     """Set up CORE with test paths."""
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/common.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/common.py
index daa429dc96..96fcc5b1c6 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/common.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/common.py
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ def load_config_from_fixture(
 ) -> Config | None:
     """Load configuration from a fixture file."""
     fixture_path = fixtures_dir / fixture_name
-    yaml_content = fixture_path.read_text()
+    yaml_content = fixture_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     return load_config_from_yaml(yaml_file, yaml_content)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/conftest.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/conftest.py
index 42e59c15e6..9ef31a82b9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/conftest.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def yaml_file(tmp_path: Path) -> Callable[[str], Path]:
 
     def _yaml_file(content: str) -> Path:
         yaml_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
-        yaml_path.write_text(content)
+        yaml_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
         return yaml_path
 
     return _yaml_file
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
index b3d87f6857..e620f8ec7f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
@@ -1113,6 +1113,48 @@ def test_config_hash_different_for_different_configs() -> None:
     assert hash1 != hash2
 
 
+def test_config_hash_ignores_build_path() -> None:
+    """Test that config_hash does not depend on the build_path value.
+
+    build_path embeds ESPHOME_BUILD_PATH and OS path separators, so it must
+    not make the hash differ between machines.
+    """
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.config = {"esphome": {"name": "test", "build_path": "build\\test"}}
+    hash1 = CORE.config_hash
+
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.config = {"esphome": {"name": "test", "build_path": "/build/test"}}
+    hash2 = CORE.config_hash
+
+    assert hash1 == hash2
+
+
+def test_config_hash_same_for_different_config_dirs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test that Path values under the config dir hash the same everywhere.
+
+    Simulates the same project checked out at two different locations; the
+    absolute paths differ but the layout relative to the config dir is the
+    same, so the hashes must match.
+    """
+    dir1 = tmp_path / "machine_a" / "project"
+    dir2 = tmp_path / "machine_b" / "somewhere" / "else"
+    dir1.mkdir(parents=True)
+    dir2.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.config_path = dir1 / "device.yaml"
+    CORE.config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "file": dir1 / "fonts" / "arial.ttf"}
+    hash1 = CORE.config_hash
+
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.config_path = dir2 / "device.yaml"
+    CORE.config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "file": dir2 / "fonts" / "arial.ttf"}
+    hash2 = CORE.config_hash
+
+    assert hash1 == hash2
+
+
 def test_make_app_name_cpp_no_mac_simple() -> None:
     """Test simple name without MAC suffix returns string literal."""
     cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
@@ -1200,6 +1242,15 @@ def test_make_app_name_cpp_special_chars_escaped() -> None:
             None,
             "https://github.com/esphome/noise-c.git",
         ),
+        # A local file:// source is routed to the repository, not a registry name
+        # -- including the fewer-than-two-slashes spelling.
+        (
+            "TeslaBLE=file:///config/esphome/lib_dev",
+            "TeslaBLE",
+            None,
+            "file:///config/esphome/lib_dev",
+        ),
+        ("MyLib=file:lib_dev", "MyLib", None, "file:lib_dev"),
     ],
 )
 def test_add_library_str(
@@ -1234,6 +1285,7 @@ async def test_add_platformio_options_native_idf(
     await config._add_platformio_options(
         {
             "build_flags": "-DSINGLE_FLAG",  # string and list forms both valid
+            "build_unflags": ["-Os"],
             "lib_deps": ["bblanchon/ArduinoJson@7.4.2"],
             "lib_ignore": "libsodium",
             "upload_speed": "115200",
@@ -1243,6 +1295,7 @@ async def test_add_platformio_options_native_idf(
 
     assert "-DSINGLE_FLAG" in CORE.build_flags
     assert "ArduinoJson" in CORE.platformio_libraries
+    assert "-Os" in CORE.build_unflags
     # lib_ignore is stored (listified) for generate_idf_components to read;
     # nothing else lands in platformio_options on the native toolchain.
     assert CORE.platformio_options == {"lib_ignore": ["libsodium"]}
@@ -1307,3 +1360,81 @@ async def test_to_code_adds_libraries(yaml_file: Callable[[str], Path]) -> None:
     mock_cg.add_library.assert_any_call(
         "noise-c", None, "https://github.com/esphome/noise-c.git"
     )
+
+
+def test_esphome_build_internals_are_yaml_only() -> None:
+    """Raw build-system inputs in the ``esphome:`` block are ``YAML_ONLY``.
+
+    These knobs (compiler flags, raw PlatformIO options, C/C++ includes,
+    libraries, build host parallelism, the min-version gate, …) are not
+    meaningful as visual-editor form fields and a wrong value breaks the
+    build, so they must never render in a schema-aware UI.
+    """
+    # CONFIG_SCHEMA is cv.All(cv.Schema({...}), validate_hostname).
+    inner = config.CONFIG_SCHEMA.validators[0].schema
+    markers = {str(k): k for k in inner}
+    yaml_only_fields = {
+        CONF_BUILD_PATH,
+        "platformio_options",
+        "build_flags",
+        "environment_variables",
+        "includes",
+        "includes_c",
+        "libraries",
+        "debug_scheduler",
+    }
+    for field in yaml_only_fields:
+        assert markers[field].visibility is cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY, field
+    # Packaging / build-host knobs are real but rarely-touched overrides:
+    # surface them under the editor's advanced disclosure, not yaml-only.
+    for field in ("min_version", "compile_process_limit"):
+        assert markers[field].visibility is cv.Visibility.ADVANCED, field
+    # A regular device-config field stays on the main form.
+    assert markers[CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX].visibility is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_add_platformio_options_native_arduino(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The native ESP8266 Arduino toolchain honors board_build.f_cpu (a
+    real-world overclock knob) and warns about the rest like native IDF."""
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp8266",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+    }
+
+    await config._add_platformio_options(
+        {
+            "board_build.f_cpu": "160000000L",
+            # The schema also permits the list form; the last value wins
+            # and reaches the generator as a scalar
+            "board_build.ldscript": ["eagle.flash.2m.ld", "eagle.flash.4m2m.ld"],
+            "board_build.filesystem": "littlefs",
+            "upload_speed": "115200",
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert CORE.platformio_options["board_build.f_cpu"] == "160000000L"
+    assert CORE.platformio_options["board_build.ldscript"] == "eagle.flash.4m2m.ld"
+    assert "board_build.f_cpu is ignored" not in caplog.text
+    assert "board_build.ldscript is ignored" not in caplog.text
+    assert (
+        "esphome->platformio_options->board_build.filesystem is ignored" in caplog.text
+    )
+    # An empty list for an honored key is not a scalar; it falls through
+    # to the ignored-option warning instead of an IndexError
+    await config._add_platformio_options({"board_build.ldscript": []})
+    assert "board_build.ldscript is ignored" in caplog.text
+    assert "'arduino' toolchain" in caplog.text
+    assert "upload_speed" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_esp8266_rejects_unsupported_cli_toolchain() -> None:
+    """Until the native backend lands, ESP8266 serves only PlatformIO."""
+    from esphome.components.esp8266 import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"board": "nodemcuv2"})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index 3ac4ce27af..53035ad713 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     setup_unit_of_measurement,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
-from esphome.helpers import sanitize, snake_case
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash, sanitize, snake_case
 
 from .common import load_config_from_fixture
 
@@ -515,9 +515,9 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
     config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature"}
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
-    assert ("", "sensor", "temperature") in CORE.unique_ids
+    assert ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
     # Check metadata was stored
-    metadata = CORE.unique_ids[("", "sensor", "temperature")]
+    metadata = CORE.unique_ids[("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))]
     assert metadata["name"] == "Temperature"
     assert metadata["platform"] == "sensor"
 
@@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Humidity"}
     validated2 = validator(config2)
     assert validated2 == config2
-    assert ("", "sensor", "humidity") in CORE.unique_ids
-    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("", "sensor", "humidity")]
+    assert ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("humidity")) in CORE.unique_ids
+    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("humidity"))]
     assert metadata2["name"] == "Humidity"
 
     # Duplicate entity should fail
@@ -537,6 +537,34 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
         validator(config3)
 
 
+def test_entity_duplicate_validator_hash_collision() -> None:
+    """Test that two different object_ids with the same FNV-1 hash are rejected."""
+    # Brute-forced FNV-1 32-bit collision pair; both object_ids hash to 0xe95747e4
+    name_a = "Sensor aooxzi"
+    name_b = "Sensor baraia"
+    object_id_a = sanitize(snake_case(name_a))
+    object_id_b = sanitize(snake_case(name_b))
+    assert object_id_a != object_id_b
+    assert fnv1_hash(object_id_a) == fnv1_hash(object_id_b)
+
+    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
+
+    config1 = {CONF_NAME: name_a}
+    validated1 = validator(config1)
+    assert validated1 == config1
+
+    config2 = {CONF_NAME: name_b}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid,
+        match=re.compile(
+            r"Duplicate sensor entity with name 'Sensor baraia' found.*"
+            r"produce the same entity key hash \(0xe95747e4\)",
+            re.DOTALL,
+        ),
+    ):
+        validator(config2)
+
+
 def test_entity_duplicate_validator_with_devices() -> None:
     """Test entity_duplicate_validator with devices."""
     # Create validator for sensor platform
@@ -550,15 +578,15 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_with_devices() -> None:
     config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: device1}
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
-    assert ("device1", "sensor", "temperature") in CORE.unique_ids
-    metadata1 = CORE.unique_ids[("device1", "sensor", "temperature")]
+    assert ("device1", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
+    metadata1 = CORE.unique_ids[("device1", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))]
     assert metadata1["device_id"] == "device1"
 
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: device2}
     validated2 = validator(config2)
     assert validated2 == config2
-    assert ("device2", "sensor", "temperature") in CORE.unique_ids
-    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("device2", "sensor", "temperature")]
+    assert ("device2", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
+    metadata2 = CORE.unique_ids[("device2", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))]
     assert metadata2["device_id"] == "device2"
 
     # Duplicate on same device should fail
@@ -668,7 +696,7 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_internal_entities() -> None:
     validated1 = validator(config1)
     assert validated1 == config1
     # New format includes device_id (empty string for main device)
-    assert ("", "sensor", "temperature") in CORE.unique_ids
+    assert ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature")) in CORE.unique_ids
 
     # Internal entity with same name should pass (not added to unique_ids)
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_INTERNAL: True}
@@ -676,7 +704,9 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_internal_entities() -> None:
     assert validated2 == config2
     # Internal entity should not be added to unique_ids
     # Count how many times the key appears (should still be 1)
-    count = sum(1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == ("", "sensor", "temperature"))
+    count = sum(
+        1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))
+    )
     assert count == 1
 
     # Another internal entity with same name should also pass
@@ -684,7 +714,9 @@ def test_entity_duplicate_validator_internal_entities() -> None:
     validated3 = validator(config3)
     assert validated3 == config3
     # Still only one entry in unique_ids (from the non-internal entity)
-    count = sum(1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == ("", "sensor", "temperature"))
+    count = sum(
+        1 for k in CORE.unique_ids if k == ("", "sensor", fnv1_hash("temperature"))
+    )
     assert count == 1
 
     # Non-internal entity with same name should fail
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/closing_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/closing_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a77d5c8f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/closing_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Leave a partial line behind and then close the stream under the runner.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. Draining
+cannot work here; the point is that the failure is reported rather than
+raised out of the runner's cleanup, where it would bury the exit code.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("partial before close")
+sys.stdout.close()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/crashing_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/crashing_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf434cc24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/crashing_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Die part way through a line, the way a build that blows up does.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. The
+message has no trailing newline, so the runner's shim is holding it when
+the process exits; nothing else will ever come to release it.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status")
+sys.exit(2)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/filtering_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/filtering_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04c2b2ed8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/filtering_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""Write a mix of noisy and useful build lines, without flushing.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. The
+runner's shim owns both the filtering and the flushing, so this script
+only writes.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("Project build complete.\n")
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+sys.stdout.write("-- Component paths: /a /b /c\n")
+sys.stdout.write("[2/9] Building C object\n")
+# No terminator, so the shim has to hold this one back.
+sys.stdout.write("still going")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/formfeed_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/formfeed_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..727cda25ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/formfeed_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Write a form feed part way through the output.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. A form
+feed is not a line terminator here, so everything written must still come
+out, including the complete lines that follow it.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+sys.stdout.write("page one\x0cpage two\n")
+sys.stdout.write("[2/9] Building C object\n")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/partial_noise_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/partial_noise_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c81f8eb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/partial_noise_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""End on an unterminated line that the filter is supposed to drop.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py, to
+check that releasing a held-back line still applies the filter.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+sys.stdout.write("Project build complete.")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/streaming_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/streaming_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c05741e311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/espidf/streaming_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"""Print one line, then stay alive so the caller can prove it streamed.
+
+Run through ``esphome/espidf/runner.py`` by test_espidf_runner.py. The
+runner wraps stdout in its filtering shim, so this script deliberately
+does not flush: the shim has to do it. The long sleep keeps the process
+running, so anything the caller reads must have arrived while the build
+was still going rather than at exit.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import time
+
+sys.stdout.write("Compiling main.cpp\n")
+time.sleep(60)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/idf_tools_stub/idf_tools.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/idf_tools_stub/idf_tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aeff24fb57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/idf_tools_stub/idf_tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""Minimal idf_tools stand-in for get_tool_downloads.py tests."""
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+import os
+
+CURRENT_PLATFORM = "linux-amd64"
+TOOLS_FILE = "tools/tools.json"
+
+
+class ToolBinaryError(RuntimeError):
+    pass
+
+
+class _G:
+    idf_path: str | None = None
+    idf_tools_path: str | None = None
+    tools_json: str | None = None
+
+
+g = _G()
+
+
+class IDFEnv:
+    @classmethod
+    def get_idf_env(cls) -> "IDFEnv":
+        return cls()
+
+
+def add_and_check_targets(idf_env_obj: IDFEnv, targets_str: str) -> list[str]:
+    return targets_str.split(",")
+
+
+class _Download:
+    def __init__(self, url: str, size: int, sha256: str, rename_dist: str = "") -> None:
+        self.url = url
+        self.size = size
+        self.sha256 = sha256
+        self.rename_dist = rename_dist
+
+
+class _Version:
+    def __init__(self, download: _Download | None) -> None:
+        self._download = download
+
+    def get_download_for_platform(self, platform_name: str) -> _Download | None:
+        return self._download
+
+
+class _Tool:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        versions: dict[str, _Version],
+        recommended: str | None,
+        installed: Iterable[str] = (),
+        broken: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.versions = versions
+        self._recommended = recommended
+        self.versions_installed = list(installed)
+        self._broken = broken
+
+    def compatible_with_platform(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def get_recommended_version(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._recommended
+
+    def find_installed_versions(self) -> None:
+        if self._broken:
+            raise ToolBinaryError("broken binary")
+
+
+_TOOLS = {
+    "cmake": _Tool(
+        {"3.30.2": _Version(_Download("https://gh.test/cmake.tar.gz", 11, "aa"))},
+        "3.30.2",
+    ),
+    "ninja": _Tool(
+        {
+            "1.12.1": _Version(
+                _Download("https://gh.test/ninja-mac.zip", 22, "bb", "ninja-v1.zip")
+            )
+        },
+        "1.12.1",
+    ),
+    "installed-tool": _Tool(
+        {"1.0": _Version(_Download("https://gh.test/x.tar.gz", 33, "cc"))},
+        "1.0",
+        installed=["1.0"],
+    ),
+    "broken-tool": _Tool(
+        {"2.0": _Version(_Download("https://gh.test/y.tar.gz", 44, "dd"))},
+        "2.0",
+        broken=True,
+    ),
+    "no-recommended-tool": _Tool({"3.0": _Version(None)}, None),
+    "no-download-tool": _Tool({"4.0": _Version(None)}, "4.0"),
+}
+
+
+def load_tools_info() -> dict[str, _Tool]:
+    return _TOOLS
+
+
+def expand_tools_arg(
+    tools_spec: list[str], overall_tools: dict[str, _Tool], targets: list[str]
+) -> list[str]:
+    if "required" in tools_spec:
+        return list(overall_tools)
+    return [t for t in tools_spec if "@" not in t] + [t for t in tools_spec if "@" in t]
+
+
+def get_idf_download_url_apply_mirrors(
+    args: object = None, download_url: str = ""
+) -> str:
+    print(f"Changed download URL: {download_url}")  # noise on stdout, like idf_tools
+    prefix = os.environ.get("TEST_MIRROR_PREFIX")
+    if prefix:
+        return prefix + download_url
+    return download_url
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_leak_report.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_leak_report.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00d387cd04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_leak_report.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Shared tail for the lazy-import fixture scripts."""
+
+import sys
+
+
+def print_leaked_modules() -> None:
+    """Report argv-listed heavy modules (plus any component package) loaded.
+
+    Any component package counts as a leak, not just the ones on the
+    watch list: executing one drags in codegen/validation machinery by
+    design.
+    """
+    leaked = [module for module in sys.argv[1:] if module in sys.modules]
+    leaked += [
+        module
+        for module in sys.modules
+        if module.startswith("esphome.components.") and module not in leaked
+    ]
+    print(",".join(leaked))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94acd2e93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/_storage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Shared storage-sidecar factory for the lazy-import fixture scripts."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
+
+
+def make_storage() -> StorageJSON:
+    """A minimal post-compile esp32 sidecar the upload/logs fast path accepts.
+
+    build_path must be set: the fast path rejects sidecars without one.
+    """
+    return StorageJSON(
+        storage_version=1,
+        name="test",
+        friendly_name="Test",
+        comment=None,
+        esphome_version="2026.1.0",
+        src_version=1,
+        address="1.2.3.4",
+        web_port=None,
+        target_platform="ESP32S3",
+        build_path=Path("/build/test"),
+        firmware_bin_path=Path("/build/test/firmware.bin"),
+        loaded_integrations=set(),
+        loaded_platforms=set(),
+        no_mdns=False,
+        framework="esp-idf",
+        core_platform="esp32",
+        area=None,
+        framework_version="5.3.1",
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/esptool_upload_fast_path.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/esptool_upload_fast_path.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e622948aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/esptool_upload_fast_path.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""Run the esptool serial-upload path and report which heavy modules loaded.
+
+Executed as a subprocess by test_lazy_imports.py: heavy module names come
+in on argv, the ones found in sys.modules afterwards go out on stdout.
+The variant reaches the esptool command line from CORE.data directly; if
+someone re-adds the esp32 package import for it, this reports the leak.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from _leak_report import print_leaked_modules
+
+from esphome.__main__ import upload_using_esptool
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ESPHOME,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+# An ambient ESPHOME_USE_SUBPROCESS would route past the patched
+# run_external_command into run_external_process and confuse the checks.
+os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_USE_SUBPROCESS", None)
+
+CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: "ESP32S3"}
+
+with patch("esphome.__main__.run_external_command", return_value=0) as mock_run:
+    rc = upload_using_esptool(
+        {CONF_ESPHOME: {"platformio_options": {}}}, "/dev/ttyUSB0", "firmware.bin", None
+    )
+
+# Fail loudly if the upload path stopped doing its work; otherwise an
+# empty leak list could just mean nothing ran.
+if rc != 0:
+    sys.exit(f"upload_using_esptool returned {rc}")
+cmd = list(mock_run.call_args[0][1:])
+if cmd[cmd.index("--chip") + 1] != "esp32s3":
+    sys.exit(f"variant did not reach the esptool command line: {cmd}")
+
+print_leaked_modules()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/storage_json_fast_path.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/storage_json_fast_path.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e34bc90a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/storage_json_fast_path.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Run the esp32 storage fast path and report which heavy modules loaded.
+
+Executed as a subprocess by test_lazy_imports.py: heavy module names come
+in on argv, the ones found in sys.modules afterwards go out on stdout.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from _leak_report import print_leaked_modules
+from _storage import make_storage
+
+from esphome.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_IDF_VERSION, KEY_VARIANT
+from esphome.core import CORE, Version
+
+make_storage().apply_to_core()
+
+# Fail loudly if the esp32 fast path stopped doing its work; otherwise an
+# empty leak list could just mean nothing ran. Explicit exits rather than
+# asserts so PYTHONOPTIMIZE in the ambient environment can't strip them.
+esp32_data = CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP32, {})
+if esp32_data.get(KEY_VARIANT) != "ESP32S3":
+    sys.exit(f"apply_to_core did not record the variant: {esp32_data!r}")
+if esp32_data.get(KEY_IDF_VERSION) != Version(5, 3, 1):
+    sys.exit(f"apply_to_core did not parse the framework version: {esp32_data!r}")
+
+print_leaked_modules()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f70a3f85ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/lazy_imports/upload_command_fast_path.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+"""Run the upload command dispatch path and report which heavy modules loaded.
+
+Executed as a subprocess by test_lazy_imports.py: heavy module names come
+in on argv, the ones found in sys.modules afterwards go out on stdout.
+Covers three fast-path claims: the bundle suffix check in run_esphome reads
+BUNDLE_EXTENSION from esphome.const without importing esphome.bundle, the
+validated-config cache parse stays voluptuous free, and the JSON cache
+(lambda sentinel included) resolves without pyyaml or esphome.yaml_util.
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from _leak_report import print_leaked_modules
+from _storage import make_storage
+
+# Everything imported past this point is the code under test; the pop
+# below must only drop what the setup itself preloaded, or it would
+# hide modules the dispatch chain pulls in (tarfile has no other guard).
+_FIXTURE_PRELOADED = frozenset(sys.modules)
+
+from esphome import __main__ as main_mod  # noqa: E402
+from esphome.const import __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION  # noqa: E402
+
+CONFIG_TEXT = "esphome:\n  name: t\n"
+LAMBDA_BODY = 'ESP_LOGD("t", "x");'
+
+# An ambient data-dir override would relocate the storage tree away
+# from the tmp config dir this fixture builds.
+os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", None)
+os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_IS_HA_ADDON", None)
+
+with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
+    tmp = Path(_td)
+    conf_path = tmp / "test.yaml"
+    conf_path.write_text(CONFIG_TEXT)
+
+    storage_dir = tmp / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    storage_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    # The cache carries a lambda sentinel so loading revives a real Lambda
+    # on the fast path. The sidecar is written to the layout
+    # ext_storage_path resolves once run_esphome sets CORE.config_path;
+    # going through CORE here would be circular.
+    cache_path = storage_dir / "test.yaml.validated.json"
+    cache_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "v": 1,
+                "esphome": ESPHOME_VERSION,
+                "config": {
+                    "esphome": {"name": "t"},
+                    "script": [{"lambda": {"__esphome_lambda__": LAMBDA_BODY}}],
+                },
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    os.utime(cache_path)  # keep the cache at least as fresh as the source
+    make_storage().save(storage_dir / "test.yaml.json")
+
+    dispatched = {}
+
+    def fake_upload(args, config):
+        dispatched["config"] = config
+        return 0
+
+    # This setup pre-imports some watched stdlib modules (tempfile above,
+    # write_file inside make_storage().save(), unittest.mock -> asyncio ->
+    # subprocess). Drop exactly those so only a genuine dispatch-time
+    # re-import is reported; live objects keep their references, so
+    # cleanup still works. Module-level re-imports are out of reach here
+    # (esphome.__main__ is already loaded) — the bare-import check in
+    # test_lazy_imports owns that contract.
+    for module in sys.argv[1:]:
+        if module in _FIXTURE_PRELOADED:
+            sys.modules.pop(module, None)
+
+    with patch.dict(main_mod.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS, {"upload": fake_upload}):
+        exit_code = main_mod.run_esphome(
+            ["esphome", "upload", str(conf_path), "--device", "192.0.2.1"]
+        )
+
+    # Fail loudly if the fast path didn't do its work; otherwise an empty
+    # leak list could just mean nothing ran. Explicit exits rather than
+    # asserts so PYTHONOPTIMIZE in the ambient environment can't strip them.
+    if exit_code != 0:
+        sys.exit(f"run_esphome exited {exit_code} before dispatching upload")
+    config = dispatched.get("config")
+    if config is None or config.get("esphome") != {"name": "t"}:
+        sys.exit(f"cache did not resolve through the fast path: {dispatched!r}")
+    from esphome.core import Lambda
+
+    revived = config["script"][0]["lambda"]
+    if not isinstance(revived, Lambda) or revived.value != LAMBDA_BODY:
+        sys.exit(f"lambda sentinel did not revive: {revived!r}")
+
+    print_leaked_modules()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/log/setup_log_probe.py b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/log/setup_log_probe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9e2e02a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/log/setup_log_probe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Report whether setup_log() pulled in colorama, then print a colored line.
+
+Executed as a subprocess by test_log.py because module imports are
+process-global: the parent prints ``colorama_loaded=True/False`` plus an
+ANSI colored line so the caller can observe whether the codes survive to
+the stream. Pass ``--dashboard`` to simulate a dashboard-spawned run.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.log import setup_log
+
+if "--dashboard" in sys.argv:
+    CORE.dashboard = True
+
+setup_log()
+
+print(f"colorama_loaded={'colorama' in sys.modules}")
+print("\033[31mred\033[0m end")
+sys.stdout.flush()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..405567d84f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_api_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.api_client."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import api_client
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
+    CONF_KEY,
+    CONF_PORT,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+def test_component_shim_reexports_runtime_client() -> None:
+    """The old import paths must keep working for external code."""
+    from esphome.components import api
+    from esphome.components.api import client as shim
+
+    assert shim.run_logs is api_client.run_logs
+    assert shim.async_run_logs is api_client.async_run_logs
+    assert api.CONF_ENCRYPTION is CONF_ENCRYPTION
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_full_flow(caplog) -> None:
+    """Drive async_run_logs end to end with a fake connection.
+
+    Covers the encryption key extraction, the multi-address banner, the
+    registry-miss unavailable notice at session start, the on_log
+    handler, and the stop() cleanup in the finally block.
+    """
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.api_client")
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "host"}
+    config = {
+        "esphome": {"name": "test"},
+        "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053, CONF_ENCRYPTION: {CONF_KEY: "psk123"}},
+    }
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    run_started = asyncio.Event()
+
+    async def fake_async_run(*args, **kwargs):
+        run_started.set()
+        return stop
+
+    mock_run = AsyncMock(side_effect=fake_async_run)
+    printed: list[str] = []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", mock_run),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+        patch.object(api_client, "safe_print", printed.append),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8"])
+        )
+        # Let the task run up to the forever-wait; the timeout fails the
+        # test instead of hanging it if the task dies early.
+        async with asyncio.timeout(1):
+            await run_started.wait()
+        on_log = mock_run.call_args.args[1]
+        on_log(Mock(message=b"[I][main:001] hello world\nPC: 0x40104960"))
+        # Cancellation is the real termination path; stop() must still run.
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    # Both addresses reach APIClient, along with the noise key.
+    assert mock_client.call_args.kwargs["noise_psk"] == "psk123"
+    assert mock_client.call_args.kwargs["addresses"] == ["1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8"]
+    assert "1.2.3.4 or 5.6.7.8" in caplog.text
+    # host has no stacktrace analyzer; the notice fires at session start.
+    assert "Stacktrace analysis is unavailable" in caplog.text
+    # The log message was printed with a timestamp prefix.
+    assert any("hello world" in line for line in printed)
+    # stop() ran in the finally block despite the cancellation.
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_never_resolves_without_crash_lines() -> None:
+    """The headline claim: an ordinary session imports no platform code."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    run_started = asyncio.Event()
+
+    async def fake_async_run(*args, **kwargs):
+        run_started.set()
+        return stop
+
+    mock_run = AsyncMock(side_effect=fake_async_run)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", mock_run),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient"),
+        patch.object(api_client, "safe_print"),
+        patch("esphome.platform_hooks.get_stacktrace_handler") as mock_resolve,
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"])
+        )
+        async with asyncio.timeout(1):
+            await run_started.wait()
+        on_log = mock_run.call_args.args[1]
+        on_log(Mock(message=b"[I][app:100] hello\n[C][wifi:200] connected"))
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_resolve.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_logs_suppresses_keyboard_interrupt() -> None:
+    """Ctrl-C during log streaming exits cleanly instead of tracebacking."""
+    with patch.object(
+        api_client,
+        "async_run_logs",
+        AsyncMock(side_effect=KeyboardInterrupt),
+    ) as mock_run:
+        api_client.run_logs(
+            {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}, ["1.2.3.4"], subscribe_states=False
+        )
+
+    assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["subscribe_states"] is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("extra_config", "expected_deep_sleep"),
+    [({"deep_sleep": {}}, True), ({}, False)],
+)
+async def test_async_run_logs_passes_deep_sleep(
+    extra_config: dict, expected_deep_sleep: bool
+) -> None:
+    """async_run_logs tells async_run whether the device deep sleeps.
+
+    That flag is the only thing capping reconnect backoff for a device
+    that is only briefly awake; dropping it means missed wake windows.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}, **extra_config}
+    # async_run blocks forever after connecting; raise to unwind
+    # async_run_logs once we have captured how it was called.
+    sentinel = RuntimeError("stop the wait")
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(side_effect=sentinel)
+        ) as mock_run,
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient"),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="stop the wait"),
+    ):
+        await api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"])
+
+    assert mock_run.call_args.kwargs["deep_sleep"] is expected_deep_sleep
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_feeds_addresses(caplog) -> None:
+    """Addresses discovered via MQTT are fed into the running client."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.api_client")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    fed = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        return ["10.0.0.9", "10.0.0.10"]
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.side_effect = lambda addrs: (
+            fed.set() or True
+        )
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        async with asyncio.timeout(1):
+            await fed.wait()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_called_once_with(
+        ["10.0.0.9", "10.0.0.10"]
+    )
+    assert "Discovered address(es) via MQTT" in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_no_addresses_keeps_running() -> None:
+    """A resolver returning nothing (failed lookup) leaves the session running."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        # The resolver owns failure handling; a failed lookup returns []
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_not_called()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_stopped_on_teardown() -> None:
+    """Teardown sets the resolver's stop event so the thread exits promptly."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    captured_event: threading.Event | None = None
+    resolver_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        nonlocal captured_event
+        captured_event = stop_event
+        resolver_started.set()
+        # Simulate a slow broker lookup that only ends via the stop event.
+        stop_event.wait(timeout=5)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_started.wait, 1)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert captured_event is not None
+    assert captured_event.is_set()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_crash_still_stops_cleanly(caplog) -> None:
+    """A resolver raising unexpectedly must not skip stop() at teardown."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        raise RuntimeError("resolver blew up")
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert "MQTT address discovery failed" in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_connect_cancels_mqtt_discovery() -> None:
+    """A successful connection stops the in-flight broker lookup."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    captured_event: threading.Event | None = None
+    resolver_started = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        nonlocal captured_event
+        captured_event = stop_event
+        resolver_started.set()
+        stop_event.wait(timeout=5)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)) as mock_run,
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_started.wait, 1)
+
+        # The runner reports a successful connection
+        on_connect = mock_run.call_args.kwargs["on_connect"]
+        on_connect()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+
+        assert captured_event is not None
+        assert captured_event.is_set()
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_not_called()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_connect_before_discovery_skips_lookup() -> None:
+    """A connection during async_run startup prevents the lookup from starting."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver = Mock(name="resolver")
+
+    async def fake_async_run(*args, **kwargs):
+        # Connection succeeds before async_run even returns
+        kwargs["on_connect"]()
+        return stop
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(side_effect=fake_async_run)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        assert not task.done()
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    resolver.assert_not_called()
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_mqtt_resolver_duplicate_addresses_logged(caplog) -> None:
+    """A discovery the client rejects as already known leaves a debug trace."""
+    import threading
+
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.api_client")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    fed = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        return ["1.2.3.4"]
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True) as mock_client,
+    ):
+        mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.side_effect = lambda addrs: (
+            fed.set() or False
+        )
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(fed.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    mock_client.return_value.add_addresses.assert_called_once_with(["1.2.3.4"])
+    assert "MQTT-discovered address(es) already known: 1.2.3.4" in caplog.text
+    assert "Discovered address(es) via MQTT" not in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_base_exception_escape_logged_at_teardown(caplog) -> None:
+    """A BaseException escaping the worker is reported, and stop() still runs."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+
+    class WorkerEscape(BaseException):
+        """Not an Exception, so the task-level guard must not catch it."""
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        raise WorkerEscape("worker bailed")
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert "MQTT address discovery failed" in caplog.text
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_run_logs_stubborn_worker_cancelled_at_teardown() -> None:
+    """A worker that ignores the stop event is cancelled after the grace period."""
+    import threading
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "api": {CONF_PORT: 6053}}
+
+    stop = AsyncMock()
+    resolver_ran = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    def resolver(stop_event):
+        resolver_ran.set()
+        # Ignore stop_event entirely; only the test releases us
+        release.wait(timeout=10)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(api_client, "async_run", AsyncMock(return_value=stop)),
+        patch.object(api_client, "APIClient", autospec=True),
+    ):
+        task = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+            api_client.async_run_logs(config, ["1.2.3.4"], mqtt_resolver=resolver)
+        )
+        await asyncio.to_thread(resolver_ran.wait, 1)
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+        release.set()
+
+    stop.assert_awaited_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd0a620e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.arduino8266.framework (downloads and environment)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.arduino8266 import framework
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _build_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+
+
+def test_framework_package_version() -> None:
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(3, 1, 2)) == "3.30102.0"
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(3, 2, 0)) == "3.30200.0"
+    # 2.6.3+ cores use the same package-major-3 encoding (PlatformIO path)
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == "3.20704.0"
+    # A future major bump needs its own encoding, not a doomed registry lookup
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not supported yet"):
+        framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(4, 0, 0))
+    # The boundary matches the PlatformIO era guard; a 2.6.2 pre-release
+    # keeps this encoding
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="older package encoding"):
+        framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 2))
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 2, "b1")) == "3.20602.0"
+    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 3)) == "3.20603.0"
+
+
+def test_format_framework_arduino_version_pins_all_series() -> None:
+    """The esp8266 component's PIO source formatter across every encoding
+    era, including the 4.x rejection it now shares with the installer."""
+    from esphome.components.esp8266 import _format_framework_arduino_version as fmt
+
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 4, 1)) == "~1.20401.0"
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 6, 2)) == "~2.20602.0"
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == "~3.20704.0"
+    assert fmt(cv.Version(3, 1, 2)) == "~3.30102.0"
+    # Anchored to the framework version line, not a bare EsphomeError
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported yet") as excinfo:
+        fmt(cv.Version(4, 0, 0))
+    assert excinfo.value.path == ["version"]
+
+
+def test_tools_path_default_and_prefix(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX": str(tmp_path)}):
+        assert framework.get_arduino8266_tools_path() == tmp_path.resolve()
+    # A blank prefix must be treated as unset, not as the CWD
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX": "  "}):
+        path = framework.get_arduino8266_tools_path()
+    assert path.name == "arduino8266"
+    assert path != Path.cwd()
+
+
+def test_check_and_install_returns_paths(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX": str(tmp_path)}),
+        patch.object(framework, "install_package") as mock_install,
+        patch.object(framework, "prefetch_packages") as mock_prefetch,
+        patch.object(framework, "find_ninja", return_value=tmp_path / "ninja"),
+    ):
+        paths = framework.check_and_install(cv.Version(3, 1, 2))
+    assert paths.framework == tmp_path / "frameworks" / "3.30102.0"
+    assert paths.toolchain == tmp_path / "toolchains" / framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+    assert paths.ninja == tmp_path / "ninja"
+    assert mock_install.call_count == 2
+    # Full argument pinning: a copy-paste swap between the two near-identical
+    # calls (mirrors, destination) must not stay green
+    fw_call, tc_call = mock_install.call_args_list
+    assert fw_call.args == (
+        framework.FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+        "3.30102.0",
+        tmp_path / "frameworks" / "3.30102.0",
+        framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+        tmp_path / "downloads",
+    )
+    assert fw_call.kwargs["expect"] == ("cores/esp8266", "tools/sdk", "libraries")
+    assert tc_call.args == (
+        framework.TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+        framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+        tmp_path / "toolchains" / framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+        framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+        tmp_path / "downloads",
+    )
+    assert tc_call.kwargs["expect"] == ("bin", "xtensa-lx106-elf")
+    # The prefetch sees the same package specs as the installs
+    assert mock_prefetch.call_args.args == (
+        [
+            (
+                framework.FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+                "3.30102.0",
+                tmp_path / "frameworks" / "3.30102.0",
+                framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+            ),
+            (
+                framework.TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+                framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+                tmp_path / "toolchains" / framework.TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+                framework.ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+            ),
+        ],
+        tmp_path / "downloads",
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_build_env_prepends_toolchain_bin(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with patch.object(framework, "ccache_env", return_value={"CCACHE_DIR": "x"}):
+        env = framework.get_build_env(tmp_path, None)
+    assert env["PATH"].startswith(str(tmp_path / "bin") + os.pathsep)
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == "x"
+
+
+def test_ccache_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    assert framework.ccache_env(None) == {}
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "false"}, clear=True):
+        env = framework.ccache_env("/usr/bin/ccache")
+    # User-set values are respected; the rest get defaults
+    assert "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR" not in env
+    assert env["CCACHE_DEPEND"] == "1"
+    assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve())
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"].endswith("ccache")
+
+
+def test_check_and_install_rejects_old_core(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Calling the installer below the floor fails before any download."""
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=">= 3.1.1"):
+        framework.check_and_install(cv.Version(3, 0, 2))
+
+
+def test_get_build_env_without_path_has_no_empty_entry(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An absent PATH must not leave a trailing separator (an empty entry
+    means the current directory to the shell)."""
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch.object(framework, "ccache_env", return_value={}),
+    ):
+        env = framework.get_build_env(tmp_path, None)
+    assert env["PATH"] == str(tmp_path / "bin")
+    with (
+        patch.dict(
+            os.environ, {"PATH": f"/usr/bin{os.pathsep}{os.pathsep}/bin"}, clear=True
+        ),
+        patch.object(framework, "ccache_env", return_value={}),
+    ):
+        env = framework.get_build_env(tmp_path, None)
+    assert env["PATH"].split(os.pathsep) == [str(tmp_path / "bin"), "/usr/bin", "/bin"]
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_accepts_a_preresolved_path() -> None:
+    """The caller resolves ccache once and threads it through; None means
+    resolved-and-disabled."""
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True):
+        assert framework.ccache_env(None) == {}
+        env = framework.ccache_env("/usr/bin/ccache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"].endswith("ccache")
+
+
+def test_toolchain_tool_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """One owner for the bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-<name> layout."""
+    tool = framework.toolchain_tool(tmp_path, "addr2line")
+    assert tool.parent == tmp_path / "bin"
+    assert tool.name.startswith("xtensa-lx106-elf-addr2line")
+    assert (tool.suffix == ".exe") is (os.name == "nt")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_async_thread.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_async_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a64be2f7c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_async_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+"""Tests for the async thread helpers."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import threading
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.async_thread import AsyncDispatchTimeout, AsyncThreadRunner, run_async
+
+
+def _cleanup_threads() -> set[threading.Thread]:
+    """Return the currently live orphan-cleanup threads."""
+    return {t for t in threading.enumerate() if t.name == "async-orphan-cleanup"}
+
+
+def _join_new_cleanup_threads(before: set[threading.Thread]) -> None:
+    """Wait for cleanup threads spawned since ``before`` to finish."""
+    for thread in _cleanup_threads() - before:
+        thread.join(5)
+        assert not thread.is_alive()
+
+
+def test_run_async_returns_result() -> None:
+    """The coroutine's result is returned to the sync caller."""
+
+    async def coro() -> int:
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        return 42
+
+    assert run_async(coro) == 42
+
+
+def test_run_async_propagates_exception() -> None:
+    """Exceptions raised by the coroutine surface in the caller."""
+
+    async def coro() -> None:
+        raise ValueError("boom")
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="boom"):
+        run_async(coro)
+
+
+def test_run_async_propagates_base_exception() -> None:
+    """A BaseException from the coroutine surfaces instead of a None result."""
+
+    class Boom(BaseException):
+        pass
+
+    async def coro() -> None:
+        raise Boom
+
+    with pytest.raises(Boom):
+        run_async(coro)
+
+
+def test_run_async_timeout() -> None:
+    """A coroutine that does not finish in time raises TimeoutError."""
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    async def coro() -> None:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+        run_async(coro, timeout=0.05)
+
+    # Unblock the abandoned runner so its cleanup thread exits promptly.
+    release.set()
+    _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+
+
+def test_run_async_surfaces_loop_startup_failure() -> None:
+    """A failure before the coroutine runs raises instead of hanging."""
+
+    def failing_run(main: Any) -> None:
+        # Close the never-awaited coroutine so the test does not leave a
+        # RuntimeWarning attributed to whatever module GC runs in later.
+        main.close()
+        raise OSError("no fds for the event loop")
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.async_thread.asyncio.run", side_effect=failing_run),
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="no fds"),
+    ):
+        run_async(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0), timeout=5)
+
+
+def test_run_preserves_result_when_cleanup_fails(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A loop-cleanup failure after success is logged, not raised."""
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        return "ok"
+
+    runner: AsyncThreadRunner[str] = AsyncThreadRunner(coro)
+
+    def fake_run(main: Any) -> None:
+        main.close()
+        # Emulate _runner delivering the result before cleanup raised. A
+        # None result must count as delivered too, hence the completed flag.
+        runner.result = "ok"
+        runner.completed = True
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.async_thread"),
+        patch("esphome.async_thread.asyncio.run", side_effect=fake_run),
+    ):
+        runner.run()
+
+    assert runner.event.is_set()
+    assert runner.exception is None
+    assert runner.result == "ok"
+    assert "teardown failed after outcome recorded" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_async_none_result_is_success() -> None:
+    """A coroutine legitimately returning None is not treated as a failure."""
+
+    async def coro() -> None:
+        return None
+
+    assert run_async(coro) is None
+
+
+def test_run_async_on_orphan_skips_none_result() -> None:
+    """A late None result completes cleanly without invoking on_orphan."""
+    orphaned: list[Any] = []
+    finished = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    async def coro() -> None:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        finished.set()
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+        run_async(coro, timeout=0.01, on_orphan=orphaned.append)
+
+    release.set()
+    assert finished.wait(5)
+    _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+    assert not orphaned
+
+
+def test_late_failure_without_on_orphan_is_logged(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An abandoned thread's real error leaves a visible trace."""
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        raise ValueError("the real cause")
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.async_thread"):
+        with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+            run_async(coro, timeout=0.01)
+
+        release.set()
+        _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+        assert "Abandoned async operation failed" in caplog.text
+        assert "the real cause" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_async_on_orphan_failure_is_contained(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An on_orphan callback that raises is logged, not propagated."""
+    released = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    def on_orphan(result: str) -> None:
+        released.set()
+        raise OSError("close failed")
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        return "late result"
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.async_thread"):
+        with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+            run_async(coro, timeout=0.01, on_orphan=on_orphan)
+
+        release.set()
+        assert released.wait(5)
+        _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+        assert "Error releasing orphaned result" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_async_on_orphan_releases_late_result() -> None:
+    """A result produced after the timeout is handed to on_orphan."""
+    orphaned: list[Any] = []
+    delivered = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    def on_orphan(result: str) -> None:
+        orphaned.append(result)
+        delivered.set()
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        # Block until the test has observed the timeout, so the result is
+        # guaranteed to arrive late no matter how slowly the runner is
+        # scheduled.
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        return "late result"
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+        run_async(coro, timeout=0.01, on_orphan=on_orphan)
+
+    release.set()
+    assert delivered.wait(5)
+    _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+    assert orphaned == ["late result"]
+
+
+def test_run_async_on_orphan_skips_late_failure() -> None:
+    """A late failure after the timeout is not handed to on_orphan."""
+    orphaned: list[Any] = []
+    failed = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        # Block until the test has observed the timeout, so the failure is
+        # guaranteed to arrive late.
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        failed.set()
+        raise ValueError("late failure")
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+        run_async(coro, timeout=0.01, on_orphan=orphaned.append)
+
+    release.set()
+    assert failed.wait(5)
+    _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+    assert not orphaned
+
+
+def test_run_async_detects_missing_outcome() -> None:
+    """A run that records neither result nor exception raises loudly."""
+
+    def fake_run(main: Any) -> None:
+        # Simulate a loop that silently dropped the coroutine.
+        main.close()
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.async_thread.asyncio.run", side_effect=fake_run),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="without a result"),
+    ):
+        run_async(lambda: asyncio.sleep(0), timeout=5)
+
+
+def test_run_async_raises_distinguishable_timeout() -> None:
+    """The dispatcher's own expiry is a distinct TimeoutError subclass."""
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    async def coro() -> None:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncDispatchTimeout):
+        run_async(coro, timeout=0.01)
+    release.set()
+    _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+
+
+def test_orphan_watcher_gives_up_on_a_hung_coroutine(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The watcher exits after its bound instead of parking forever."""
+    from esphome import async_thread
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(async_thread, "ORPHAN_WAIT_TIMEOUT", 0.01)
+    release = threading.Event()
+    orphaned: list[Any] = []
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        return "too late"
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+        run_async(coro, timeout=0.01, on_orphan=orphaned.append)
+
+    _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+    assert not orphaned
+    release.set()
+
+
+def test_late_real_result_without_handler_is_logged(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A genuinely dropped late result leaves the discard trace."""
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    async def coro() -> str:
+        await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(None, release.wait)
+        return "dropped"
+
+    before = _cleanup_threads()
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.async_thread"):
+        with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+            run_async(coro, timeout=0.01)
+
+        release.set()
+        _join_new_cleanup_threads(before)
+        assert "Discarding late result" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
index f15bbf2e29..1abc7a3ab8 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
@@ -22,13 +22,16 @@ from esphome.bundle import (
     _add_bytes_to_tar,
     _default_target_dir,
     _find_used_secret_keys,
+    add_bundle_file,
+    add_secret_scan_dir,
     extract_bundle,
-    is_bundle_path,
     prepare_bundle_for_compile,
     read_bundle_manifest,
+    remap_bundle_path,
 )
+from esphome.components.substitutions import do_substitution_pass
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
-from esphome.yaml_util import force_load_include_files
+from esphome.yaml_util import force_load_include_files, load_yaml
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helpers
@@ -96,26 +99,6 @@ def _setup_config_dir(
     return config_dir
 
 
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# is_bundle_path
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("filename", "expected"),
-    [
-        (f"my_device{BUNDLE_EXTENSION}", True),
-        (f"MY_DEVICE{BUNDLE_EXTENSION.upper()}", True),
-        ("my_device.yaml", False),
-        ("my_device.tar.gz", False),
-        ("my_device.zip", False),
-        ("", False),
-    ],
-)
-def test_is_bundle_path(filename: str, expected: bool) -> None:
-    assert is_bundle_path(Path(filename)) is expected
-
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # _default_target_dir
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -477,7 +460,10 @@ def test_read_bundle_manifest_corrupted_tar(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_read_bundle_manifest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     bundle_path = _make_bundle(
         tmp_path,
-        manifest_overrides={ManifestKey.HAS_SECRETS: True},
+        manifest_overrides={
+            ManifestKey.HAS_SECRETS: True,
+            ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: "/original/config",
+        },
         extra_files={"secrets.yaml": b"wifi: test\n"},
     )
 
@@ -488,6 +474,7 @@ def test_read_bundle_manifest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert manifest.esphome_version == "2026.2.0-test"
     assert manifest.config_filename == "test.yaml"
     assert manifest.has_secrets is True
+    assert manifest.config_dir == "/original/config"
 
 
 def test_read_bundle_manifest_minimal(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -507,6 +494,266 @@ def test_read_bundle_manifest_minimal(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert result.esphome_version == "unknown"
     assert not result.files
     assert result.has_secrets is False
+    assert result.config_dir is None
+
+
+def test_read_bundle_manifest_non_string_config_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A malformed config_dir value is dropped rather than propagated."""
+    bundle_path = _make_bundle(
+        tmp_path, manifest_overrides={ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: 42}
+    )
+
+    assert read_bundle_manifest(bundle_path).config_dir is None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# remap_bundle_path
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR = "/original/config"
+
+
+def _bundle_manifest_dict(**overrides: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Manifest content an extracted bundle would contain."""
+    manifest: dict[str, Any] = {
+        ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION: CURRENT_MANIFEST_VERSION,
+        ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME: "test.yaml",
+        ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR,
+    }
+    manifest.update(overrides)
+    return manifest
+
+
+def _setup_extracted_dir(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    manifest: dict[str, Any] | str | None,
+    files: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> Path:
+    """Create a directory shaped like an extracted bundle and point CORE at it."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path, files)
+    if manifest is not None:
+        content = manifest if isinstance(manifest, str) else json.dumps(manifest)
+        (extract_dir / MANIFEST_FILENAME).write_text(content)
+    return extract_dir
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_success(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A stale absolute path resolves to the bundled copy next to the config."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path, _bundle_manifest_dict(), files={"boards/partitions.csv": "csv\n"}
+    )
+
+    remapped = remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/boards/partitions.csv")
+
+    assert remapped == extract_dir / "boards" / "partitions.csv"
+    assert remapped.is_file()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        pytest.param(r"C:\Users\nick\esphome\boards\partitions.csv", id="backslashes"),
+        pytest.param("C:/Users/nick/esphome/boards/partitions.csv", id="forward"),
+        pytest.param(r"c:\users\NICK\esphome\boards\partitions.csv", id="case"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_remap_bundle_path_windows_bundle_on_posix(tmp_path: Path, value: str) -> None:
+    """A bundle created on Windows remaps on a build server with another layout."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: r"C:\Users\nick\esphome"}),
+        files={"boards/partitions.csv": "csv\n"},
+    )
+
+    remapped = remap_bundle_path(value)
+
+    assert remapped == extract_dir / "boards" / "partitions.csv"
+    assert remapped.is_file()
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_windows_bundle_path_not_under_config_dir(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A Windows path outside the original config dir is left alone."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: r"C:\Users\nick\esphome"}),
+        files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"},
+    )
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path(r"D:\other\partitions.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_windows_profile_with_spaces(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    r"""A Windows profile like C:\Users\First Last remaps like any other dir."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        _bundle_manifest_dict(
+            **{ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: r"C:\Users\First Last\esphome"}
+        ),
+        files={"boards/my partitions.csv": "csv\n"},
+    )
+
+    remapped = remap_bundle_path(
+        r"C:\Users\First Last\esphome\boards\my partitions.csv"
+    )
+
+    assert remapped == extract_dir / "boards" / "my partitions.csv"
+    assert remapped.is_file()
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_unc_config_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A bundle created from a UNC share remaps like any other Windows path."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: r"\\server\share\esphome"}),
+        files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"},
+    )
+
+    remapped = remap_bundle_path(r"\\server\share\esphome\partitions.csv")
+
+    assert remapped == extract_dir / "partitions.csv"
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_flavor_mismatch(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A POSIX style value cannot come from a Windows config dir; no remap."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: r"C:\Users\nick\esphome"}),
+        files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"},
+    )
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path("/original/config/partitions.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_rejects_traversal(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A remap may never escape the extracted config tree."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, _bundle_manifest_dict())
+    (tmp_path / "outside.csv").write_text("csv\n")
+    assert (extract_dir / ".." / "outside.csv").resolve().is_file()
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/../outside.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_relative_value(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Relative references resolve normally and are never remapped."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, _bundle_manifest_dict())
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path("missing.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_no_manifest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A config dir without a manifest is not an extracted bundle."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, None, files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"})
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/partitions.csv") is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "manifest",
+    [
+        pytest.param("{not json", id="malformed_json"),
+        pytest.param("[]", id="not_a_dict"),
+        pytest.param(
+            _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION: "x"}),
+            id="version_not_int",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION: 0}),
+            id="version_zero",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME: "other.yaml"}),
+            id="config_filename_mismatch",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION: CURRENT_MANIFEST_VERSION,
+                ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME: "test.yaml",
+            },
+            id="config_dir_missing",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            _bundle_manifest_dict(**{ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR: ""}),
+            id="config_dir_empty",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_remap_bundle_path_untrusted_manifest(
+    tmp_path: Path, manifest: dict[str, Any] | str
+) -> None:
+    """Manifests that do not look like this bundle's manifest are ignored."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, manifest, files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"})
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/partitions.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_unreadable_manifest_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A present but broken manifest is reported, not silently ignored."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, "{not json", files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"})
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/partitions.csv") is None
+    assert "ignoring unreadable" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_outside_original_config_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Paths that were not under the original config dir are left alone."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, _bundle_manifest_dict())
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path("/elsewhere/partitions.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_bundled_copy_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """No remap when the bundle does not contain the file."""
+    _setup_extracted_dir(tmp_path, _bundle_manifest_dict())
+
+    assert remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/partitions.csv") is None
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_manifest_read_once(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The manifest lookup result is cached for the rest of the run."""
+    extract_dir = _setup_extracted_dir(
+        tmp_path, _bundle_manifest_dict(), files={"partitions.csv": "csv\n"}
+    )
+
+    first = remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/partitions.csv")
+    assert first == extract_dir / "partitions.csv"
+
+    (extract_dir / MANIFEST_FILENAME).unlink()
+    second = remap_bundle_path(f"{ORIGINAL_CONFIG_DIR}/partitions.csv")
+    assert second == first
+
+
+def test_remap_bundle_path_round_trip(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A file referenced by absolute path survives bundle create and extract.
+
+    Reproduces https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/17755: the config
+    names its partitions csv by absolute path, the bundle is extracted on a
+    machine where that path does not exist, and the reference must resolve
+    to the bundled copy.
+    """
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path, files={"partitions.csv": "nvs,data\n"})
+    abs_path = (config_dir / "partitions.csv").resolve()
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({"esp32": {"partitions": abs_path}})
+    result = creator.create_bundle()
+
+    bundle_path = tmp_path / f"device{BUNDLE_EXTENSION}"
+    bundle_path.write_bytes(result.data)
+    target = tmp_path / "build_server"
+    config_path = extract_bundle(bundle_path, target)
+
+    # Simulate the build server: fresh run, original config dir gone
+    CORE.reset()
+    CORE.config_path = config_path
+    shutil.rmtree(config_dir)
+
+    remapped = remap_bundle_path(str(abs_path))
+    assert remapped == target.resolve() / "partitions.csv"
+    assert remapped.is_file()
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -611,6 +858,70 @@ def test_discover_files_includes_config(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert "test.yaml" in paths
 
 
+def test_discover_files_includes_registered_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Files registered with add_bundle_file() are included.
+
+    The config does not name them, so discovery cannot find them on its own.
+    """
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        files={"models/model.tflite": "fake model data"},
+    )
+    add_bundle_file(config_dir / "models" / "model.tflite")
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "models/model.tflite" in paths
+
+
+def test_discover_files_registered_relative_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A relative registered path is taken as relative to the config directory.
+
+    Not the working directory, which is where Path.resolve() would put it.
+    """
+    _setup_config_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        files={"models/model.tflite": "fake model data"},
+    )
+    add_bundle_file(Path("models/model.tflite"))
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "models/model.tflite" in paths
+
+
+def test_discover_files_registered_file_outside_config_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A registered file outside the config directory is skipped, not bundled."""
+    _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    outside = tmp_path / "outside.tflite"
+    outside.write_text("fake model data")
+    add_bundle_file(outside)
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    assert [f.path for f in files] == ["test.yaml"]
+
+
+def test_discover_files_registered_file_deduplicated(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Registering the same file twice adds it once."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        files={"models/model.tflite": "fake model data"},
+    )
+    add_bundle_file(config_dir / "models" / "model.tflite")
+    add_bundle_file(config_dir / "models" / "model.tflite")
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    assert [f.path for f in files].count("models/model.tflite") == 1
+
+
 def test_discover_files_finds_path_objects(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Path objects in validated config are discovered."""
     config_dir = _setup_config_dir(
@@ -918,7 +1229,8 @@ def test_discover_files_deeply_nested_include(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_discover_files_nested_include_unresolved_substitution(
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
-    """!include with substitution vars in path cannot be resolved; skipped gracefully."""
+    """!include with substitution vars in path but no candidate files on disk
+    (the glob's only match is the config itself) is skipped gracefully."""
     config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
     (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
         "esphome:\n  name: test\nwifi: !include ${platform}.yaml\n"
@@ -932,6 +1244,115 @@ def test_discover_files_nested_include_unresolved_substitution(
     assert "test.yaml" in paths
 
 
+def test_discover_files_bundles_all_include_candidates(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The issue-17650 layout: templated package includes chain through a glob
+    candidate into a Jinja conditional whose ``../`` branch is bundled."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        files={
+            "includes/esp-basics.yaml": (
+                "packages:\n"
+                "  - !include boards/${board}.yaml\n"
+                "  - !include keys/${system_name}.yaml\n"
+            ),
+            "includes/boards/wemos-d1-mini.yaml": (
+                'packages:\n  - !include ${ "NO BT.yaml" if bt else "../empty.yaml" }\n'
+            ),
+            "includes/keys/device-a.yaml": "api:\n",
+            "includes/keys/device-b.yaml": "api:\n",
+            "includes/empty.yaml": "{}\n",
+        },
+    )
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\npackages:\n  - !include includes/esp-basics.yaml\n"
+    )
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "includes/esp-basics.yaml" in paths
+    assert "includes/boards/wemos-d1-mini.yaml" in paths
+    assert "includes/keys/device-a.yaml" in paths
+    assert "includes/keys/device-b.yaml" in paths
+    assert "includes/empty.yaml" in paths
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("enable_proxy", [True, False])
+def test_bundle_roundtrip_templated_include_with_path_separator(
+    tmp_path: Path, enable_proxy: bool
+) -> None:
+    r"""The issue-18545 flow: a Jinja !include whose branches contain "/" still
+    resolves after the bundle is extracted on the build server.
+
+    Windows is the leg that regresses: the raw expression text must survive
+    verbatim, or its separators get rewritten to "\" and Jinja decodes
+    sequences like "\b" as string escapes.
+    """
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(
+        tmp_path,
+        files={
+            "includes/boards/board.yaml": (
+                "packages:\n"
+                '  - !include ${ "bluetooth/bluetooth_proxy_single_core.yaml"'
+                ' if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }\n'
+            ),
+            "includes/boards/bluetooth/bluetooth_proxy_single_core.yaml": (
+                "bluetooth_proxy:\n  active: true\n"
+            ),
+            "includes/empty.yaml": "{}\n",
+        },
+    )
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "substitutions:\n"
+        f"  enable_bluetooth_proxy: {str(enable_proxy).lower()}\n"
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\n"
+        "packages:\n  - !include includes/boards/board.yaml\n"
+    )
+
+    result = ConfigBundleCreator({}).create_bundle()
+    bundle_path = tmp_path / "device.esphomebundle.tar.gz"
+    bundle_path.write_bytes(result.data)
+
+    # Both conditional branches must ship in the bundle.
+    paths = [f.path for f in result.files]
+    assert "includes/boards/bluetooth/bluetooth_proxy_single_core.yaml" in paths
+    assert "includes/empty.yaml" in paths
+
+    # Extract to a fresh directory and resolve the config from there, as a
+    # remote build server would.
+    extracted_config = extract_bundle(bundle_path, tmp_path / "remote")
+    config = do_substitution_pass(load_yaml(extracted_config))
+
+    board_pkg = config["packages"][0]["packages"][0]
+    if enable_proxy:
+        assert board_pkg == {"bluetooth_proxy": {"active": True}}
+    else:
+        assert board_pkg == {}
+
+
+def test_discover_files_candidate_outside_config_dir_skipped(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A candidate branch resolving above the config dir is not bundled."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "outside.yaml").write_text("api:\n")
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\n"
+        'wifi: !include ${ "a.yaml" if x else "../outside.yaml" }\n'
+    )
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert not any("outside" in p for p in paths)
+    assert any(
+        "outside config directory" in r.message and "outside.yaml" in r.message
+        for r in caplog.records
+    )
+
+
 def test_discover_files_nested_include_load_failure(
     tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
@@ -1196,7 +1617,7 @@ def test_create_bundle_produces_valid_archive(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 def test_create_bundle_manifest_content(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
 
     creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
     result = creator.create_bundle()
@@ -1204,6 +1625,7 @@ def test_create_bundle_manifest_content(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     manifest = result.manifest
     assert manifest[ManifestKey.MANIFEST_VERSION] == CURRENT_MANIFEST_VERSION
     assert manifest[ManifestKey.CONFIG_FILENAME] == "test.yaml"
+    assert manifest[ManifestKey.CONFIG_DIR] == str(config_dir.resolve())
     assert "test.yaml" in manifest[ManifestKey.FILES]
 
 
@@ -1263,6 +1685,44 @@ def test_create_bundle_filters_secrets_quoted(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert "unused" not in secrets_data
 
 
+def test_create_bundle_scans_remote_package_files_for_secrets(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Secrets referenced only by git-fetched package files must be shipped
+    in the filtered secrets.yaml (regression test for issue 18023)."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+
+    secrets = config_dir / "secrets.yaml"
+    secrets.write_text("ota_password: hunter2\nunused: should_not_appear\n")
+
+    # Simulate a git-fetched package checkout referencing a secret
+    repo_dir = config_dir / ".esphome" / "packages" / "6bcd6aa8"
+    package_dir = repo_dir / "packages"
+    package_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (package_dir / "base.yml").write_text(
+        "ota:\n  - platform: esphome\n    password: !secret ota_password\n"
+    )
+    # References inside hidden directories such as .git must not be scanned
+    hidden_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
+    hidden_dir.mkdir()
+    (hidden_dir / "leak.yaml").write_text("password: !secret unused\n")
+    add_secret_scan_dir(repo_dir)
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    result = creator.create_bundle()
+
+    assert result.manifest[ManifestKey.HAS_SECRETS] is True
+
+    buf = io.BytesIO(result.data)
+    with tarfile.open(fileobj=buf, mode="r:gz") as tar:
+        secrets_data = tar.extractfile("secrets.yaml").read().decode()
+        names = tar.getnames()
+
+    assert "ota_password" in secrets_data
+    assert "hunter2" in secrets_data
+    assert "unused" not in secrets_data
+    # The package checkout itself must not be bundled
+    assert not any("base.yml" in name for name in names)
+
+
 def test_create_bundle_no_secrets(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py
index e12107152b..4333420a9e 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_compiled_config.py
@@ -2,57 +2,73 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import patch
+from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome import const, yaml_util
 from esphome.__main__ import run_esphome
 from esphome.compiled_config import (
+    _LAMBDA_KEY,
     compiled_config_path,
     load_compiled_config,
     save_compiled_config,
+    save_compiled_config_and_sidecar,
 )
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_API,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_NAME,
     KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_ESP32,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     KEY_VARIANT,
+    Toolchain,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import (
+    CORE,
+    ID,
+    EsphomeError,
+    HexInt,
+    Lambda,
+    MACAddress,
+    TimePeriodMilliseconds,
+)
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
+from esphome.util import OrderedDict
 
-_VALIDATED_CONFIG_YAML = """\
-esphome:
-  name: lite_test
-  friendly_name: Lite Test Device
-esp32:
-  board: nodemcu-32s
-logger:
-  baud_rate: 115200
-api:
-  port: 6053
-  encryption:
-    key: 6dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=
-ota:
-  - platform: esphome
-    port: 3232
-    password: secret
-wifi:
-  ssid: ssid
-  use_address: 192.168.1.42
-"""
+_VALIDATED_CONFIG = {
+    "esphome": {"name": "lite_test", "friendly_name": "Lite Test Device"},
+    "esp32": {"board": "nodemcu-32s"},
+    "logger": {"baud_rate": 115200},
+    "api": {"port": 6053, "encryption": {"key": "6dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q="}},
+    "ota": [{"platform": "esphome", "port": 3232, "password": "secret"}],
+    "wifi": {"ssid": "ssid", "use_address": "192.168.1.42"},
+}
+
+
+def _cache_body(config: dict | None = None) -> str:
+    """Render the JSON envelope the production save writes."""
+    return json.dumps(
+        {"v": 1, "esphome": const.__version__, "config": config or _VALIDATED_CONFIG}
+    )
 
 
 def _write_storage(
     storage_path: Path,
     *,
-    esp_platform: str = "ESP32",
+    esp_platform: str | None = "ESP32",
     core_platform: str | None = "esp32",
+    build_path: str | None = "/build/lite_test",
+    toolchain: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Write a vanilla StorageJSON sidecar for the cache tests."""
     storage_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -66,21 +82,22 @@ def _write_storage(
         "address": "192.168.1.42",
         "web_port": None,
         "esp_platform": esp_platform,
-        "build_path": "/build/lite_test",
+        "build_path": build_path,
         "firmware_bin_path": "/build/lite_test/firmware.bin",
         "loaded_integrations": ["api", "logger", "ota", "wifi"],
         "loaded_platforms": [],
         "no_mdns": False,
         "framework": "arduino",
         "core_platform": core_platform,
+        "toolchain": toolchain,
     }
-    storage_path.write_text(json.dumps(data))
+    storage_path.write_text(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
 
 
-def _write_cache(cache_path: Path, body: str = _VALIDATED_CONFIG_YAML) -> Path:
+def _write_cache(cache_path: Path, body: str | None = None) -> Path:
     """Write the cache file and return it."""
     cache_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache_path.write_text(body)
+    cache_path.write_text(body if body is not None else _cache_body(), encoding="utf-8")
     return cache_path
 
 
@@ -94,24 +111,28 @@ def _set_cache_mtime(cache_path: Path, yaml_path: Path, *, offset: int) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def fresh_cache_files(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
-    """YAML + StorageJSON + cache, all consistent and fresh."""
+def primed_storage(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """YAML + StorageJSON sidecar, no cache yet."""
     yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
-
-    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
-    _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
-    _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=5)
-
+    _write_storage(tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json")
     return yaml_path
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def fresh_cache_files(primed_storage: Path) -> Path:
+    """YAML + StorageJSON + cache, all consistent and fresh."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
+    _set_cache_mtime(cache, primed_storage, offset=5)
+    return primed_storage
+
+
 def test_compiled_config_path_lives_alongside_sidecar(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """The cache file shape is predictable from the YAML filename."""
     path = compiled_config_path("device.yaml")
-    assert path.name == "device.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    assert path.name == "device.yaml.validated.json"
     assert path.parent.name == "storage"
 
 
@@ -124,28 +145,27 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_happy_path(fresh_cache_files: Path) -> None:
     assert config[CONF_API]["encryption"]["key"] == "6dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q="
     assert config["ota"][0]["password"] == "secret"
 
+    # The fast path loads plain scalars; no per-node source ranges exist.
+    assert type(config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME]) is str
+
     # apply_to_core populated exactly what upload/logs read off CORE.
     assert CORE.name == "lite_test"
     assert CORE.build_path == Path("/build/lite_test")
     assert CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] == "esp32"
     assert CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK] == "arduino"
     # upload_using_esptool reads get_esp32_variant() off CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].
-    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32
-
     assert CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_VARIANT] == "ESP32"
 
 
 def test_load_compiled_config_populates_esp32_variant(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """ESP32 variants survive the cache fast path so esptool gets the right --chip."""
-    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32
-
     yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
 
     storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
     _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", esp_platform="ESP32S3")
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=5)
 
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
@@ -156,8 +176,6 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_skips_esp32_block_for_other_platforms(
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
     """Non-esp32 targets shouldn't fabricate an esp32 data block."""
-    from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32
-
     yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
@@ -168,7 +186,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_skips_esp32_block_for_other_platforms(
         esp_platform="ESP8266",
         core_platform="esp8266",
     )
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=5)
 
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
@@ -185,7 +203,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_falls_back(tmp_path: Path, scenario: str) -> None:
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
     storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
-    cache_path = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    cache_path = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json"
     sidecar_path = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json"
 
     if scenario == "missing_cache":
@@ -196,7 +214,7 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_falls_back(tmp_path: Path, scenario: str) -> None:
     elif scenario == "corrupt_cache":
         _write_storage(sidecar_path)
         _set_cache_mtime(
-            _write_cache(cache_path, "not: valid: yaml: ["), yaml_path, offset=5
+            _write_cache(cache_path, '{"v": 1, "config": {'), yaml_path, offset=5
         )
     elif scenario == "missing_sidecar":
         # Cache fresh + parseable, but no StorageJSON → can't populate CORE.
@@ -205,6 +223,108 @@ def test_load_compiled_config_falls_back(tmp_path: Path, scenario: str) -> None:
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is None
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "body",
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps(
+                {"v": 999, "esphome": const.__version__, "config": {"esphome": {}}}
+            ),
+            id="wrong_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"esphome": const.__version__, "config": {"esphome": {}}}),
+            id="missing_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"v": 1, "esphome": "2020.1.0", "config": {"esphome": {}}}),
+            id="other_esphome_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"v": 1, "config": {"esphome": {}}}),
+            id="missing_esphome_version",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "v": 1,
+                    "esphome": const.__version__,
+                    "config": ["not", "a", "dict"],
+                }
+            ),
+            id="non_dict_config",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            json.dumps({"v": 1, "esphome": const.__version__}), id="missing_config"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(json.dumps(["not", "an", "envelope"]), id="non_dict_envelope"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_load_compiled_config_rejects_bad_envelope(
+    primed_storage: Path, body: str
+) -> None:
+    """A foreign or future cache shape falls back instead of half-loading."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json", body)
+    _set_cache_mtime(cache, primed_storage, offset=5)
+
+    assert load_compiled_config(primed_storage) is None
+
+
+def test_load_ignores_legacy_yaml_cache(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """A fresh pre-JSON ``.validated.yaml`` alone can't drive the fast path."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    legacy = _write_cache(
+        storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml", "esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n"
+    )
+    _set_cache_mtime(legacy, primed_storage, offset=5)
+
+    assert load_compiled_config(primed_storage) is None
+
+
+def test_save_removes_stale_legacy_yaml_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A successful save leaves only the JSON cache behind."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    legacy = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    legacy.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    legacy.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
+
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
+
+    assert compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").is_file()
+    assert not legacy.exists()
+
+
+def test_save_removes_legacy_yaml_even_when_write_fails(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The secret-bearing legacy cache goes away regardless of write outcome."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    legacy = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    legacy.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    legacy.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
+
+    with patch("esphome.compiled_config.write_file", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
+        save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
+
+    assert not legacy.exists()
+    assert not compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").exists()
+
+
+def test_save_warns_when_legacy_cache_unremovable(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A secret-bearing legacy file that won't unlink warns; the write proceeds."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    legacy = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml"
+    legacy.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    legacy.mkdir()  # unlink() on a directory raises OSError
+
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING", logger="esphome.compiled_config"):
+        save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
+
+    assert "legacy validated-config cache" in caplog.text
+    assert compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").is_file()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["upload", "logs"])
 def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_use_cache_when_fresh(
     command: str,
@@ -220,7 +340,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_use_cache_when_fresh(
 
     with (
         caplog.at_level("INFO", logger="esphome.__main__"),
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config") as mock_read,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config") as mock_read,
         patch.dict("esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS", {command: _stub}),
     ):
         assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(fresh_cache_files)]) == 0
@@ -242,7 +362,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_fall_back_when_no_cache(
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
 
     with (
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
             {command: lambda args, config: 0},
@@ -253,31 +373,291 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_fall_back_when_no_cache(
     mock_read.assert_called_once()
 
 
-def test_run_esphome_upload_does_not_refresh_cache_without_sidecar(
-    tmp_path: Path,
-) -> None:
-    """Without a StorageJSON sidecar (no compile has run), the fallback
-    skips the cache write -- load_compiled_config requires the sidecar,
-    so writing the rendered (secret-resolved) YAML would be inert and
-    leak secrets to disk for nothing."""
+def _storage_fixture(tmp_path: Path) -> StorageJSON:
+    """A loaded StorageJSON instance matching _write_storage's contents."""
+    fixture = tmp_path / "fixture_storage.json"
+    _write_storage(fixture)
+    return StorageJSON.load(fixture)
+
+
+def _bare_yaml(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """A minimal YAML with CORE.config_path pointed at it."""
     yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
     CORE.config_path = yaml_path
+    return yaml_path
 
+
+@contextmanager
+def _fallback_run(command: str = "upload", **from_core_kwargs) -> Any:
+    """Patch the fallback path's collaborators for a run_esphome call.
+
+    Without kwargs, from_esphome_core stays real (yielded mock is None).
+    """
     with (
         patch(
-            "esphome.__main__.read_config",
+            "esphome.config.read_config",
             return_value={"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}},
-        ),
-        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
+        ) as mock_read,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
-            {"upload": lambda args, config: 0},
+            {command: lambda args, config: 0},
         ),
     ):
-        run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)])
+        if not from_core_kwargs:
+            yield mock_read, None
+            return
+        with patch.object(
+            StorageJSON, "from_esphome_core", **from_core_kwargs
+        ) as mock_from_core:
+            yield mock_read, mock_from_core
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["upload", "logs"])
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_writes_sidecar_and_cache_without_sidecar(
+    tmp_path: Path, command: str
+) -> None:
+    """A never-compiled config caches on its first upload/logs run: the
+    fallback writes the StorageJSON sidecar itself (load_compiled_config
+    needs it), so the second run hits the fast path."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+
+    with _fallback_run(command, return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)) as (
+        mock_read,
+        mock_from_core,
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+        mock_from_core.assert_called_once()
+        assert (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+        storage = StorageJSON.load(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
+        assert storage is not None
+        # No compile happened, so the sidecar must not claim one.
+        assert mock_from_core.call_args.kwargs == {"claim_build": False}
+
+        # The second run loads the cache instead of re-validating.
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+        mock_read.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# as_dict serialized unset paths as str(None) until 2026.9; files
+# written by those wizards are still on disk.
+_WIZARD_SIDECAR_CASES = pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "wizard_kwargs",
+    [
+        {"esp_platform": None, "core_platform": None, "build_path": None},
+        {"build_path": None},
+        {"build_path": "None"},
+    ],
+    ids=["legacy_wizard", "modern_wizard", "none_string_wizard"],
+)
+
+
+def _prime_core(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Set the post-validation CORE state from_esphome_core reads."""
+    CORE.name = "lite_test"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path / "build" / "lite_test"
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp8266",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+    }
+
+
+@_WIZARD_SIDECAR_CASES
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_completes_wizard_sidecar(
+    tmp_path: Path, wizard_kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    """A wizard-written sidecar can't drive the fast path (no build_path;
+    older wizards also no platform fields); the fallback rewrites it from
+    CORE so the cache loads on the next run."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", **wizard_kwargs)
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)) as (_, mock_from_core):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_from_core.assert_called_once()
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
+    assert storage is not None and storage.core_platform == "esp32"
+    # What the wizard recorded about a build (nothing, or a real one)
+    # carries through instead of being stamped with this run's values.
+    assert storage.esphome_version == "2026.1.0"
+    assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_skips_cache_when_sidecar_write_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed sidecar write is non-fatal and skips the cache save too:
+    without the sidecar the cache could never be loaded back, so writing
+    it would only leave resolved secrets on disk."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+
+    with (
+        _fallback_run(side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")),
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
 
     mock_save.assert_not_called()
+    assert not (tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_write_failure_takes_io_branch(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """StorageJSON.save raises EsphomeError (write_file wraps OSError into
+    it), which must land in the plain I/O warning, not the traceback
+    branch for structural bugs."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+
+    with (
+        _fallback_run(return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)),
+        patch.object(StorageJSON, "save", side_effect=EsphomeError("boom")),
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
+        caplog.at_level("WARNING", logger="esphome.compiled_config"),
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_save.assert_not_called()
+    assert "Could not refresh the storage sidecar" in caplog.text
+    assert "Unexpected error" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_leaves_unreadable_sidecar_alone(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A present-but-corrupt sidecar is not overwritten: it may hold a real
+    build's metadata, and replacing it would suppress the next compile's
+    clean of a possibly incoherent build tree. The cache save is skipped."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    sidecar = storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json"
+    sidecar.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    sidecar.write_text("{truncated", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=None) as (_, mock_from_core):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_from_core.assert_not_called()
+    assert sidecar.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "{truncated"
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_skips_cache_when_rebuilt_sidecar_incomplete(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """If the rebuilt sidecar would still be incomplete, nothing is written:
+    the cache could never be loaded back, so saving it would only rewrite
+    resolved secrets on every run."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+
+    incomplete = tmp_path / "incomplete_storage.json"
+    _write_storage(incomplete, build_path=None)
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=StorageJSON.load(incomplete)):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").exists()
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_sidecar_records_platformio_toolchain(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The toolchain fallback runs before the sidecar write, so platforms
+    whose validators leave CORE.toolchain unset record the same
+    "platformio" a compile writes, not null."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    assert CORE.toolchain is None
+
+    with _fallback_run():
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json"
+    )
+    assert storage is not None
+    assert storage.toolchain == "platformio"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("existing_sidecar", [None, "wizard"])
+def test_run_esphome_fallback_skips_sidecar_when_build_tree_exists(
+    tmp_path: Path, existing_sidecar: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """An existing build tree with a missing or wizard-only sidecar keeps
+    it that way: the mismatch is what makes the next compile wipe the
+    unknown tree, so the fallback writes nothing and skips the cache."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    CORE.build_path.mkdir(parents=True)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    if existing_sidecar == "wizard":
+        _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", build_path=None)
+        wizard_body = (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+
+    with _fallback_run(return_value=_storage_fixture(tmp_path)) as (_, mock_from_core):
+        assert run_esphome(["esphome", "upload", str(yaml_path)]) == 0
+
+    mock_from_core.assert_not_called()
+    assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json").exists()
+    if existing_sidecar == "wizard":
+        sidecar_body = (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert sidecar_body == wizard_body
+    else:
+        assert not (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").exists()
+
+
+def test_save_compiled_config_and_sidecar_builds_real_sidecar(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Drive the real from_esphome_core on the fallback path: the
+    post-validation CORE state yields a complete, loadable sidecar."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    CORE.config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_NAME: "lite_test"}}
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+
+    save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(CORE.config)
+
+    storage = StorageJSON.load(
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json"
+    )
+    assert storage is not None
+    assert storage.core_platform == "esp8266"
+    assert storage.build_path is not None
+    # No compile happened, so the sidecar must not claim one.
+    assert storage.esphome_version is None
+    assert storage.firmware_bin_path is None
+    assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("sidecar_toolchain", "saved"),
+    [
+        ("esp-idf", False),
+        ("platformio", True),
+        (None, True),  # legacy sidecar without the field: guard is inert
+    ],
+)
+def test_save_compiled_config_and_sidecar_toolchain_mismatch(
+    tmp_path: Path, sidecar_toolchain: str | None, saved: bool
+) -> None:
+    """A config validated under a different toolchain than the compile's
+    must not overwrite the cache."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    _prime_core(tmp_path)
+    CORE.config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_NAME: "lite_test"}}
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    _write_storage(
+        tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.json",
+        toolchain=sidecar_toolchain,
+    )
+
+    save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(CORE.config)
+
+    cache = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage" / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json"
+    assert cache.exists() is saved
+    assert (load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is not None) is saved
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["upload", "logs"])
@@ -293,16 +673,17 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_refresh_cache_on_fallback(
 
     storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
     _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json")
-    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+    cache = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache, yaml_path, offset=-60)  # stale
 
     fresh_config = {"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "logger": {}}
 
     with (
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=fresh_config),
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=fresh_config),
         patch(
             "esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config", wraps=save_compiled_config
         ) as mock_save,
+        patch.object(StorageJSON, "from_esphome_core") as mock_from_core,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
             {command: lambda args, config: 0},
@@ -311,6 +692,8 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_and_logs_refresh_cache_on_fallback(
         assert run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_path)]) == 0
 
     mock_save.assert_called_once_with(fresh_config)
+    # The compile-written sidecar is complete; the fallback leaves it alone.
+    mock_from_core.assert_not_called()
     # mtime is now newer than the source YAML, so a follow-up call hits
     # the fast path instead of repeating read_config.
     assert cache.stat().st_mtime >= yaml_path.stat().st_mtime
@@ -322,7 +705,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_with_substitution_does_not_refresh_cache(
     """`-s` substitutions skip the cache on both read and write -- saving
     here would clobber the cache with a substitution-specific config."""
     with (
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value={"esphome": {}}),
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value={"esphome": {}}),
         patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
@@ -341,7 +724,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_compile_does_not_refresh_cache_via_fallback(
     upload/logs fallback path -- the fallback save would skip the
     storage_should_clean check."""
     with (
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value={"esphome": {}}),
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value={"esphome": {}}),
         patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config") as mock_save,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
@@ -360,7 +743,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_with_substitution_skips_cache(
     against the prior substitution set, so reusing it would silently
     ignore the override."""
     with (
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
             {"upload": lambda args, config: 0},
@@ -374,7 +757,7 @@ def test_run_esphome_upload_with_substitution_skips_cache(
 def test_run_esphome_compile_does_not_use_cache(fresh_cache_files: Path) -> None:
     """The compile subcommand always re-validates -- it's what writes the cache."""
     with (
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
         patch.dict(
             "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS",
             {"compile": lambda args, config: 0},
@@ -386,47 +769,171 @@ def test_run_esphome_compile_does_not_use_cache(fresh_cache_files: Path) -> None
 
 
 def test_save_compiled_config_writes_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """`save_compiled_config` writes the dumped YAML next to the sidecar."""
+    """`save_compiled_config` writes the JSON envelope next to the sidecar."""
     CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
     save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "logger": {}})
 
     cache_path = compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml")
     assert cache_path.is_file()
-    body = cache_path.read_text()
-    assert "name: lite_test" in body
-    assert "logger:" in body
+    envelope = json.loads(cache_path.read_text())
+    assert envelope["v"] == 1
+    assert envelope["esphome"] == const.__version__
+    assert envelope["config"] == {"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "logger": {}}
 
 
-def test_save_compiled_config_swallows_dump_errors(
+def test_save_compiled_config_swallows_write_errors(
     tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
-    """Failures during the dump are non-fatal -- a bad cache just means
+    """Failures during the write are non-fatal -- a bad cache just means
     the next fast path falls back to read_config()."""
     CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
-    with patch("esphome.yaml_util.dump", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
+    with patch("esphome.compiled_config.write_file", side_effect=RuntimeError("boom")):
         save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}})
     assert not compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").exists()
 
 
-def test_load_compiled_config_rejects_wizard_only_sidecar(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """A wizard-only sidecar (no compile -- no core_platform / target_platform)
-    can't drive upload/logs, so the fast path falls back."""
-    yaml_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
-    yaml_path.write_text("esphome:\n  name: lite_test\n")
-    CORE.config_path = yaml_path
+def test_save_stringifies_unknown_values(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A type with no dedicated encoding stores its string form."""
 
-    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
-    storage_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    # StorageJSON with both core_platform and target_platform unset.
-    (storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json").write_text(
-        '{"storage_version": 1, "name": "lite_test", "friendly_name": null, '
-        '"comment": null, "esphome_version": null, "src_version": 1, '
-        '"address": null, "web_port": null, "esp_platform": null, '
-        '"build_path": null, "firmware_bin_path": null, '
-        '"loaded_integrations": [], "loaded_platforms": [], "no_mdns": false, '
-        '"framework": null, "core_platform": null}'
+    class Weird:
+        def __str__(self) -> str:
+            return "weird-str"
+
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test", "weird": Weird()}})
+    envelope = json.loads(compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").read_text())
+    assert envelope["config"]["esphome"]["weird"] == "weird-str"
+
+
+def test_save_skips_cache_on_unserializable_key(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A non-basic dict key aborts the write; the fast path falls back."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "lite_test.yaml"
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {("a", "b"): "lite_test"}})
+    assert not compiled_config_path("lite_test.yaml").exists()
+
+
+def _normalize(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Make Lambda comparable; everything else compares by value already."""
+    if isinstance(value, Lambda):
+        return ("__lambda__", value.value)
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        return {k: _normalize(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+        return [_normalize(v) for v in value]
+    return value
+
+
+def _round_trip_config() -> OrderedDict:
+    """A post-validation shaped config exercising every representer type."""
+    return OrderedDict(
+        {
+            "esphome": OrderedDict(
+                {
+                    "name": "lite_test",
+                    "build_path": Path("/build/lite_test"),
+                    "on_boot": [
+                        OrderedDict(
+                            {
+                                "trigger_id": ID("trigger_1", type="Trigger"),
+                                "then": [{"lambda": Lambda('ESP_LOGD("t", "x");')}],
+                            }
+                        )
+                    ],
+                }
+            ),
+            "wifi": OrderedDict(
+                {
+                    "id": ID("wifi_id", type="WiFiComponent"),
+                    "reboot_timeout": TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=900000),
+                    "use_address": IPv4Address("192.168.1.42"),
+                    "subnet": IPv4Network("192.168.1.0/24"),
+                    "mac": MACAddress(0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x01),
+                }
+            ),
+            "misc": OrderedDict(
+                {
+                    "uuid": UUID("12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678"),
+                    "toolchain": Toolchain.PLATFORMIO,
+                    "hex": HexInt(0x1234),
+                    "levels": (1, 2.5, True, None),
+                    "empty": {},
+                }
+            ),
+        }
     )
-    cache_path = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.yaml")
+
+
+def test_cache_round_trip_matches_yaml_cache(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """The JSON cache loads the same tree the YAML cache used to."""
+    config = _round_trip_config()
+    save_compiled_config(config)
+    from_json = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert from_json is not None
+
+    yaml_cache = primed_storage.parent / "dumped.yaml"
+    yaml_cache.write_text(yaml_util.dump(config, show_secrets=True))
+    from_yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(
+        yaml_cache, clear_secrets=False, track_document_range=False
+    )
+
+    assert _normalize(from_json) == _normalize(from_yaml)
+
+
+def test_lambda_sentinel_round_trips(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """A !lambda body comes back as a Lambda with the same source."""
+    body = 'id(sensor_1).publish_state(42);\nreturn "multi\\nline";'
+    save_compiled_config(
+        {
+            "esphome": {"name": "lite_test"},
+            "script": [{"then": [{"lambda": Lambda(body)}]}],
+        }
+    )
+
+    config = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert config is not None
+    revived = config["script"][0]["then"][0]["lambda"]
+    assert isinstance(revived, Lambda)
+    assert revived.value == body
+
+
+def test_object_hook_requires_exact_shape(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """Only the exact one-key string-valued sentinel revives a Lambda."""
+    storage_dir = primed_storage.parent / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    config = {
+        "esphome": {"name": "lite_test"},
+        "extra_key": {_LAMBDA_KEY: "x", "y": 1},
+        "non_str": {_LAMBDA_KEY: 5},
+    }
+    cache = _write_cache(
+        storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json", _cache_body(config)
+    )
+    _set_cache_mtime(cache, primed_storage, offset=5)
+
+    loaded = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert loaded is not None
+    assert loaded["extra_key"] == {_LAMBDA_KEY: "x", "y": 1}
+    assert loaded["non_str"] == {_LAMBDA_KEY: 5}
+
+
+def test_int_keys_coerce_to_strings(primed_storage: Path) -> None:
+    """Non-str basic keys stringify; validated configs only use string keys."""
+    save_compiled_config({"esphome": {"name": "lite_test"}, "table": {1: "a", 2: "b"}})
+
+    config = load_compiled_config(primed_storage)
+    assert config is not None
+    assert config["table"] == {"1": "a", "2": "b"}
+
+
+@_WIZARD_SIDECAR_CASES
+def test_load_compiled_config_rejects_wizard_only_sidecar(
+    tmp_path: Path, wizard_kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    """A wizard-written sidecar (no build_path; older wizards also no
+    platform fields) can't drive upload/logs, so the fast path falls back."""
+    yaml_path = _bare_yaml(tmp_path)
+    storage_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "storage"
+    _write_storage(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.json", **wizard_kwargs)
+    cache_path = _write_cache(storage_dir / "lite_test.yaml.validated.json")
     _set_cache_mtime(cache_path, yaml_path, offset=5)
 
     assert load_compiled_config(yaml_path) is None
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py
index 1c850e3759..e53016dfc3 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_helpers.py
@@ -3,7 +3,14 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform, get_logger_level
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_defines,
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+    frameworks_for_platforms,
+    get_logger_level,
+)
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LEVEL,
     CONF_LOGGER,
@@ -12,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
+from esphome.core import Define
 
 
 def test_filter_source_files_from_platform_esp32() -> None:
@@ -133,3 +141,34 @@ def test_get_logger_level() -> None:
     mock_config = {CONF_LOGGER: {}}
     with patch("esphome.config_helpers.CORE.config", mock_config):
         assert get_logger_level() == "DEBUG"
+
+
+def test_frameworks_for_platforms_derives_and_rejects_unknown() -> None:
+    assert frameworks_for_platforms(["esp32"]) == {
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unknown platform"):
+        frameworks_for_platforms(["esp32", "not_a_platform"])
+
+
+def test_filter_source_files_from_defines() -> None:
+    """Files are excluded unless one of their defines is set."""
+    files_map: dict[str, str | tuple[str, ...]] = {
+        "filter.cpp": "USE_SENSOR_FILTER",
+        "automation.cpp": ("USE_CLICK", "USE_MULTI_CLICK"),
+    }
+    filter_func: Callable[[], list[str]] = filter_source_files_from_defines(files_map)
+
+    with patch("esphome.config_helpers.CORE") as mock_core:
+        mock_core.defines = {Define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER")}
+        assert filter_func() == ["automation.cpp"]
+
+        mock_core.defines = {Define("USE_MULTI_CLICK")}
+        assert filter_func() == ["filter.cpp"]
+
+        mock_core.defines = {Define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER"), Define("USE_CLICK")}
+        assert filter_func() == []
+
+        mock_core.defines = set()
+        assert sorted(filter_func()) == ["automation.cpp", "filter.cpp"]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py
index a06b2da621..04363ad45b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_normalization.py
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 """Unit tests for esphome.config module."""
 
-from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome import config, yaml_util
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome import config, config_validation as cv, yaml_util
+from esphome.core import CORE, AutoLoad
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -116,6 +117,206 @@ def test_ota_with_platform_list_and_captive_portal(fixtures_dir: Path) -> None:
     assert "web_server" in platforms, f"Expected web_server platform in {platforms}"
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# LEGACY_CONFIG_MIGRATE hook on LoadValidationStep -- the removable shim that
+# lets a platform component rewrite a pre-platform top-level config.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _run_load_step(
+    domain: str,
+    conf: object,
+    migrate: Callable[[ConfigType], list | None] | None,
+    expand: Callable[[list], list] | None = None,
+) -> config.Config:
+    """Run a LoadValidationStep for a platform component with given hooks."""
+    component = Mock()
+    component.is_platform_component = True
+    component.multi_conf_no_default = False
+    component.legacy_config_migrate = migrate
+    component.expand_platform_config = expand
+
+    result = config.Config()
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.config.get_component", return_value=component),
+        patch("esphome.config._process_auto_load"),
+        patch("esphome.config._process_platform_config"),
+    ):
+        config.LoadValidationStep(domain, conf).run(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def test_legacy_migrate_rewrites_conf() -> None:
+    """A legacy config that the hook migrates is replaced with the new list."""
+    migrated = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+    migrate = Mock(return_value=migrated)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}], migrate)
+
+    migrate.assert_called_once_with([{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}])
+    assert result["image"] == migrated
+
+
+def test_legacy_migrate_none_keeps_new_format() -> None:
+    """When the hook returns None the already-new config is left untouched."""
+    new_format = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+    migrate = Mock(return_value=None)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", new_format, migrate)
+
+    migrate.assert_called_once_with(new_format)
+    assert result["image"] == new_format
+
+
+def test_legacy_migrate_absent_hook_is_noop() -> None:
+    """A platform component without the hook normalizes without migration."""
+    result = _run_load_step("image", {"id": "a"}, None)
+
+    # Bare dict still gets wrapped into a list by the normal normalization path.
+    assert result["image"] == [{"id": "a"}]
+
+
+def test_legacy_migrate_skipped_for_empty_conf() -> None:
+    """An empty config short-circuits before the hook is consulted."""
+    migrate = Mock(return_value=[{"platform": "file"}])
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [], migrate)
+
+    migrate.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == []
+
+
+def test_legacy_migrate_skipped_for_autoload() -> None:
+    """An auto-loaded (AutoLoad) config is never migrated."""
+    migrate = Mock(return_value=[{"platform": "file"}])
+    auto = AutoLoad()
+    auto["id"] = "a"
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", auto, migrate)
+
+    migrate.assert_not_called()
+    # AutoLoad is dict-like, so normalization wraps it into a single-entry list.
+    assert result["image"] == [auto]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPAND_PLATFORM_CONFIG hook on LoadValidationStep -- permanent counterpart
+# to legacy_config_migrate; runs after legacy migration/list normalization.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_rewrites_conf() -> None:
+    """A config the expand hook rewrites is replaced with the expanded list."""
+    expanded = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}, {"platform": "file", "id": "b"}]
+    expand = Mock(return_value=expanded)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}], None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_called_once_with([{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}])
+    assert result["image"] == expanded
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_absent_is_noop() -> None:
+    """A platform component without the hook is left as normalized by the
+    existing list-wrapping logic."""
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}], None, None)
+
+    assert result["image"] == [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_runs_after_legacy_migrate() -> None:
+    """The expand hook sees the already-migrated list, not the raw legacy conf."""
+    migrated = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+    migrate = Mock(return_value=migrated)
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+
+    _run_load_step("image", [{"id": "a", "file": "x.png"}], migrate, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_called_once_with(migrated)
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_skipped_for_non_dict_entry() -> None:
+    """Malformed entries are left alone; the hook only sees `platform:`-tagged dicts."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", ["not-a-dict"], None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == ["not-a-dict"]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_skipped_for_entry_missing_platform_key() -> None:
+    """A dict entry missing the `platform:` key is left alone -- the normal
+    per-entry error reporting further down catches this case instead."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", [{"id": "a"}], None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == [{"id": "a"}]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_skipped_for_autoload() -> None:
+    """A non-empty AutoLoad reaching the hook stage is left alone."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+    auto = AutoLoad()
+    auto["id"] = "a"
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", auto, None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_not_called()
+    assert result["image"] == [auto]
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_runs_when_all_entries_are_platform_tagged_dicts() -> None:
+    """The guard does not block the normal, well-formed case."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=lambda conf: conf)
+    conf = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}, {"platform": "animation", "id": "b"}]
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", conf, None, expand)
+
+    expand.assert_called_once_with(conf)
+    assert result["image"] == conf
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_invalid_reports_single_error_at_domain_path() -> None:
+    """A `cv.Invalid` from the hook is reported once with the domain path prepended; no further validation runs."""
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=cv.Invalid("bad shape"))
+    pre_expand_conf = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", pre_expand_conf, None, expand)
+
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.errors[0].path == ["image"]
+    assert "bad shape" in str(result.errors[0])
+    assert result["image"] == pre_expand_conf
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_final_external_invalid_reports_without_path_prepend() -> None:
+    """`cv.FinalExternalInvalid` keeps its already-resolved path (no domain path prepended)."""
+    already_resolved_error = cv.FinalExternalInvalid(
+        "bad shape", path=["image", 3, "files"]
+    )
+    expand = Mock(side_effect=already_resolved_error)
+    pre_expand_conf = [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}]
+
+    result = _run_load_step("image", pre_expand_conf, None, expand)
+
+    assert len(result.errors) == 1
+    assert result.errors[0] is already_resolved_error
+    assert result.errors[0].path == ["image", 3, "files"]
+    assert result["image"] == pre_expand_conf
+
+
+def test_expand_hook_non_list_return_raises_type_error() -> None:
+    """A non-list return is a component bug: it escapes as an uncaught TypeError
+    (explicit raise survives -O/-OO)."""
+    expand = Mock(return_value={"not": "a list"})
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must return a list"):
+        _run_load_step("image", [{"platform": "file", "id": "a"}], None, expand)
+
+
 def _write_merge_conflict_config(tmp_path: Path, *, suppress: bool) -> Path:
     """Create a config where two `<<` includes both define `logger:`.
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_prefetch.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_prefetch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afb93a09a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_prefetch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+"""Tests for the remote file prefetch validation step."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import core
+from esphome.config import Config, PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.external_files import RemoteFile
+
+
+def _component(prefetch: Any = None, is_platform: bool = False) -> SimpleNamespace:
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        is_platform_component=is_platform,
+        prefetch_files=prefetch,
+    )
+
+
+def _run_step(
+    domains: dict[str, Any],
+    components: dict[str, Any],
+    platforms: dict[tuple[str, str], Any] | None = None,
+    download_side_effect: Any = None,
+) -> tuple[Config, MagicMock]:
+    result = Config()
+    for domain, conf in domains.items():
+        result[domain] = conf
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.config.get_component", side_effect=components.get),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.config.get_platform",
+            side_effect=lambda d, p: (platforms or {}).get((d, p)),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.external_files.download_content_many",
+            side_effect=download_side_effect,
+        ) as mock_download,
+    ):
+        PrefetchRemoteFilesValidationStep().run(result)
+    return result, mock_download
+
+
+def _downloaded(mock_download: MagicMock, call: int = 0) -> list[RemoteFile]:
+    return list(mock_download.call_args_list[call][0][0])
+
+
+def test_component_hook_receives_normalized_entries() -> None:
+    """A bare dict conf is passed to the hook as a one-entry list."""
+    seen: list[Any] = []
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen.append(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", Path("/cache/a"))]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"key": "value"}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert seen == [[{"key": "value"}]]
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download) == [
+        RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", Path("/cache/a"))
+    ]
+
+
+def test_platform_entries_are_grouped_per_platform() -> None:
+    """Platform domains route entries to each platform module's hook."""
+    seen_a: list[Any] = []
+    seen_b: list[Any] = []
+
+    def hook_a(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen_a.extend(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("url-a", Path("/a"))]
+
+    def hook_b(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen_b.extend(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("url-b", Path("/b"))]
+
+    entries = [
+        {"platform": "a", "n": 1},
+        {"platform": "b", "n": 2},
+        {"platform": "a", "n": 3},
+    ]
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"image": entries},
+        {"image": _component(is_platform=True)},
+        platforms={
+            ("image", "a"): _component(prefetch=hook_a),
+            ("image", "b"): _component(prefetch=hook_b),
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert seen_a == [entries[0], entries[2]]
+    assert seen_b == [entries[1]]
+    assert sorted(_downloaded(mock_download), key=lambda f: f.url) == [
+        RemoteFile("url-a", Path("/a")),
+        RemoteFile("url-b", Path("/b")),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_hook_failure_does_not_fail_validation(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A raising hook is logged and other hooks still prefetch."""
+
+    def bad_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> list[RemoteFile]:
+        raise RuntimeError("garbage config")
+
+    def good_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("url", Path("/g"))]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"bad": {"x": 1}, "good": {"y": 2}},
+        {
+            "bad": _component(prefetch=bad_hook),
+            "good": _component(prefetch=good_hook),
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert "Remote file prefetch for bad failed" in caplog.text
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download) == [RemoteFile("url", Path("/g"))]
+
+
+def test_stages_download_between_resumptions() -> None:
+    """Each yielded stage is downloaded before the generator resumes."""
+    order: list[str] = []
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        order.append("stage1")
+        yield [RemoteFile("css-url", Path("/css"))]
+        order.append("stage2")
+        yield [RemoteFile("ttf-url", Path("/ttf"))]
+
+    def record_download(items: Any, description: str) -> None:
+        order.append(f"download:{[file.url for file in items]}")
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"font": {"f": 1}},
+        {"font": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+        download_side_effect=record_download,
+    )
+
+    assert order == [
+        "stage1",
+        "download:['css-url']",
+        "stage2",
+        "download:['ttf-url']",
+    ]
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_runaway_generator_is_capped(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """An endless generator stops after the stage backstop."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        n = 0
+        while True:
+            yield [RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))]
+            n += 1
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_mid_stage_failure_stops_only_that_hook(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A generator raising on a later stage does not affect other hooks."""
+
+    def flaky_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("first", Path("/first"))]
+        raise RuntimeError("stage two exploded")
+
+    def steady_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("one", Path("/one"))]
+        yield [RemoteFile("two", Path("/two"))]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"flaky": {"x": 1}, "steady": {"y": 2}},
+        {
+            "flaky": _component(prefetch=flaky_hook),
+            "steady": _component(prefetch=steady_hook),
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert "Remote file prefetch for flaky failed" in caplog.text
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download, 1) == [RemoteFile("two", Path("/two"))]
+
+
+def test_download_failure_is_swallowed() -> None:
+    """cv.Invalid from the batch download never escapes the step."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("url", Path("/p"))]
+
+    result, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+        download_side_effect=cv.Invalid("download failed"),
+    )
+
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert not result.errors
+
+
+def test_domains_without_hooks_do_not_download() -> None:
+    """Components without PREFETCH_FILES cause no download call."""
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"plain": {"x": 1}, ".ignored": {"y": 2}, "unknown": {"z": 3}},
+        {"plain": _component()},
+    )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_none_and_autoload_confs_are_skipped() -> None:
+    """None and AutoLoad confs never reach a hook."""
+    hook = MagicMock()
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"a": None, "b": core.AutoLoad()},
+        {"a": _component(prefetch=hook), "b": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+    hook.assert_not_called()
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_non_dict_entries_are_ignored() -> None:
+    """Garbage entries never reach a component hook."""
+    hook = MagicMock()
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": ["just-a-string", 42]},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+    hook.assert_not_called()
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_platform_entries_without_platform_key_are_ignored() -> None:
+    """Entries with a missing or unknown platform never reach a hook."""
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"image": [{"n": 1}, "garbage", {"platform": "unknown"}]},
+        {"image": _component(is_platform=True)},
+    )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_generator_still_alive_at_the_cap_is_warned_and_closed(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A generator with a stage left at the cap is warned about and closed."""
+    closed: list[bool] = []
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        try:
+            for n in range(10):
+                yield [RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))]
+        finally:
+            closed.append(True)
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+    assert closed == [True]
+
+
+def test_plain_iterable_hook_survives_the_cap(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A hook returning a plain list of batches cannot crash the backstop."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> list[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        return [[RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))] for n in range(12)]
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_domain_level_hook_on_platform_component() -> None:
+    """A hook on the platform component's domain module sees all entries."""
+    seen: list[Any] = []
+
+    def domain_hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        seen.append(entries)
+        yield [RemoteFile("domain-url", Path("/domain"))]
+
+    entries = [{"platform": "a", "n": 1}, {"platform": "b", "n": 2}]
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"image": entries},
+        {"image": _component(prefetch=domain_hook, is_platform=True)},
+    )
+
+    assert seen == [entries]
+    assert _downloaded(mock_download) == [RemoteFile("domain-url", Path("/domain"))]
+
+
+def test_generator_raising_on_close_is_contained(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A generator whose close() raises at the cap is logged, not crashed on."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        try:
+            for n in range(10):
+                yield [RemoteFile(f"url-{n}", Path(f"/f{n}"))]
+        except GeneratorExit:
+            raise RuntimeError("close exploded") from None
+
+    _, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+    )
+
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 10
+    assert "stopped after" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_unexpected_download_error_is_logged_visibly(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broken batch downloader warns instead of silently disabling prefetch."""
+
+    def hook(entries: list[dict]) -> Iterable[list[RemoteFile]]:
+        yield [RemoteFile("url", Path("/p"))]
+
+    result, mock_download = _run_step(
+        {"my_comp": {"x": 1}},
+        {"my_comp": _component(prefetch=hook)},
+        download_side_effect=TypeError("not a RemoteFile"),
+    )
+
+    mock_download.assert_called_once()
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert "Remote file prefetch failed" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
index ea3a4ecb53..457b9d017b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+import importlib
+import json
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import string
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from hypothesis import example, given, settings
 from hypothesis.strategies import builds, integers, ip_addresses, one_of, text
@@ -39,12 +43,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
     SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN,
     TYPE_GIT,
     TYPE_LOCAL,
     Framework,
+    Toolchain,
 )
 from esphome.core import (
     CORE,
@@ -438,7 +443,7 @@ def hex_int__valid(value):
         ("esp-idf", PLATFORM_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32C6, "16", "16", "14", "14"),
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32H2, "18", "17", "18", "17"),
         ("esp-idf", PLATFORM_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32H2, "19", "19", "17", "17"),
-        ("arduino", PLATFORM_RP2040, None, "20", "20", "20", "20"),
+        ("arduino", PLATFORM_RP2, None, "20", "20", "20", "20"),
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_BK72XX, None, "21", "21", "21", "21"),
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_RTL87XX, None, "22", "22", "22", "22"),
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_LN882X, None, "23", "23", "23", "23"),
@@ -469,7 +474,7 @@ def test_split_default(framework, platform, variant, full, idf, arduino, simple)
         "esp32_c3": "11",
         "esp32_c6": "14",
         "esp32_h2": "17",
-        "rp2040": "20",
+        "rp2": "20",
         "bk72xx": "21",
         "rtl87xx": "22",
         "ln882x": "23",
@@ -517,7 +522,7 @@ def test_split_default(framework, platform, variant, full, idf, arduino, simple)
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_ESP32, "ESP32 using arduino framework"),
         ("esp-idf", PLATFORM_ESP32, "ESP32 using esp-idf framework"),
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_ESP8266, "ESP8266 using arduino framework"),
-        ("arduino", PLATFORM_RP2040, "RP2040 using arduino framework"),
+        ("arduino", PLATFORM_RP2, "RP2 using arduino framework"),
         ("arduino", PLATFORM_BK72XX, "BK72XX using arduino framework"),
         ("host", PLATFORM_HOST, "HOST using host framework"),
     ],
@@ -540,7 +545,7 @@ def test_require_framework_version(framework, platform, message):
             esp_idf=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
-            rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
+            rp2_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             host=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             extra_message="test 1",
@@ -556,7 +561,7 @@ def test_require_framework_version(framework, platform, message):
             esp_idf=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
             esp32_arduino=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
             esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
-            rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
+            rp2_arduino=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
             bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
             host=cv.Version(2, 0, 0),
             extra_message="test 2",
@@ -567,7 +572,7 @@ def test_require_framework_version(framework, platform, message):
             esp_idf=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
             esp32_arduino=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
             esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
-            rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
+            rp2_arduino=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
             bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
             host=cv.Version(1, 5, 0),
             max_version=True,
@@ -584,7 +589,7 @@ def test_require_framework_version(framework, platform, message):
             esp_idf=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             esp32_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
-            rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
+            rp2_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             host=cv.Version(0, 5, 0),
             max_version=True,
@@ -599,6 +604,194 @@ def test_require_framework_version(framework, platform, message):
         )("test")
 
 
+def _setup_core_for_framework(platform: str, framework: str) -> None:
+    """Wire CORE.data with the minimum keys for require_framework_version /
+    SplitDefault to evaluate without raising KeyError."""
+    from esphome.const import (
+        KEY_CORE,
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    )
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: framework,
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(1, 0, 0),
+    }
+
+
+def test_only_on_rp2_passes_on_rp2_platform() -> None:
+    """``cv.only_on_rp2`` is the canonical family gate. It accepts any value
+    untouched when the configured platform is rp2."""
+    _setup_core_for_framework(PLATFORM_RP2, "arduino")
+    assert cv.only_on_rp2("anything") == "anything"
+
+
+def test_only_on_rp2_rejects_other_platforms() -> None:
+    """The same gate raises ``Invalid`` outside the rp2 platform."""
+    _setup_core_for_framework(PLATFORM_ESP32, "arduino")
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="rp2"):
+        cv.only_on_rp2("anything")
+
+
+def test_only_on_rp2040_delegates_and_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """``cv.only_on_rp2040`` is a deprecation shim — it logs a one-shot
+    warning, dedupes via CORE.data, and delegates to ``only_on_rp2``.
+    Repeated calls in the same run must not log again."""
+    import logging
+
+    _setup_core_for_framework(PLATFORM_RP2, "arduino")
+    # Reset the dedupe flag so this test is independent of order.
+    CORE.data.pop(cv._ONLY_ON_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY, None)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"):
+        assert cv.only_on_rp2040("ok") == "ok"
+        first_warnings = [r for r in caplog.records if "only_on_rp2040" in r.message]
+        assert len(first_warnings) == 1
+        assert "2027.7.0" in first_warnings[0].message
+
+        # Second call dedupes — no additional warning is emitted.
+        assert cv.only_on_rp2040("ok") == "ok"
+        warnings_after_second = [
+            r for r in caplog.records if "only_on_rp2040" in r.message
+        ]
+        assert len(warnings_after_second) == 1
+
+
+def test_only_on_rp2040_still_gates_on_non_rp2(caplog) -> None:
+    """The deprecation shim must still raise on non-rp2 platforms — it
+    delegates to ``only_on_rp2``, so the gating behavior is preserved."""
+    import logging
+
+    _setup_core_for_framework(PLATFORM_ESP32, "arduino")
+    CORE.data.pop(cv._ONLY_ON_RP2040_DEPRECATED_KEY, None)
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"),
+        pytest.raises(Invalid, match="rp2"),
+    ):
+        cv.only_on_rp2040("anything")
+
+
+def test_require_framework_version_esp32_variant_specific_key() -> None:
+    """ESP32 variant-specific kwargs (``esp32_c3_arduino``) must win over
+    the base ``esp32_arduino`` key when the configured variant matches."""
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_ESP32
+    from esphome.const import (
+        KEY_CORE,
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+        KEY_VARIANT,
+    )
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(1, 2, 0),
+    }
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32C3}
+
+    # Variant-specific entry permits this version; base key would reject it.
+    assert (
+        cv.require_framework_version(
+            esp32_arduino=cv.Version(5, 0, 0),  # would reject
+            esp32_c3_arduino=cv.Version(1, 0, 0),  # wins, ok
+        )("test")
+        == "test"
+    )
+
+
+def test_require_framework_version_rp2_variant_specific_key() -> None:
+    """RP2 variant kwargs (``rp2_2040_arduino``) must win over the base
+    ``rp2_arduino`` key when ``CORE.data['rp2']['variant']`` is wired."""
+    from esphome.const import (
+        KEY_CORE,
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    )
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_RP2,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+        KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: cv.Version(1, 2, 0),
+    }
+    CORE.data["rp2"] = {"variant": "RP2040"}
+
+    # Variant key wins — base ``rp2_arduino`` (which would reject) is ignored.
+    assert (
+        cv.require_framework_version(
+            rp2_arduino=cv.Version(5, 0, 0),  # would reject
+            rp2_2040_arduino=cv.Version(1, 0, 0),  # wins, ok
+        )("test")
+        == "test"
+    )
+
+    # Without a variant kwarg the base ``rp2_arduino`` is used (fallback).
+    CORE.data["rp2"] = {"variant": "RP2350"}
+    assert (
+        cv.require_framework_version(
+            rp2_arduino=cv.Version(1, 0, 0),
+        )("test")
+        == "test"
+    )
+
+
+def test_split_default_rp2_variant_keys() -> None:
+    """``SplitDefault`` resolves ``rp2_<chip>_<framework>`` first, falling
+    back to ``rp2_<chip>`` and ``rp2_<framework>`` before the base key."""
+    from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_RP2,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino",
+    }
+    CORE.data["rp2"] = {"variant": "RP2040"}
+
+    schema = cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                "full",
+                rp2="base",
+                rp2_arduino="base-framework",
+                rp2_2040="variant-only",
+                rp2_2040_arduino="variant-framework",
+            ): str,
+        }
+    )
+    # Most specific (variant + framework) wins.
+    assert schema({}).get("full") == "variant-framework"
+
+    # Drop the most-specific kwarg → variant-only wins.
+    schema = cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                "full",
+                rp2="base",
+                rp2_arduino="base-framework",
+                rp2_2040="variant-only",
+            ): str,
+        }
+    )
+    assert schema({}).get("full") == "variant-only"
+
+    # RP2350 variant — no rp2_2350_* kwargs → fall through to base framework.
+    CORE.data["rp2"] = {"variant": "RP2350"}
+    schema = cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                "full",
+                rp2="base",
+                rp2_arduino="base-framework",
+                rp2_2040="not-this",
+            ): str,
+        }
+    )
+    assert schema({}).get("full") == "base-framework"
+
+
 def test_only_with_single_component_loaded() -> None:
     """Test OnlyWith with single component when component is loaded."""
     CORE.loaded_integrations = {"mqtt"}
@@ -741,7 +934,7 @@ def test_string_no_slash__slash_replaced_with_warning(
     actual = cv.string_no_slash(value)
     assert actual == expected
     assert "reserved as a URL path separator" in caplog.text
-    assert "will become an error in ESPHome 2026.7.0" in caplog.text
+    assert "will become an error in ESPHome 2027.7.0" in caplog.text
 
 
 def test_string_no_slash__long_string_allowed() -> None:
@@ -986,9 +1179,10 @@ def test_update_interval__never_passes_through() -> None:
 def test_optional_default_visibility_is_none() -> None:
     """An ``Optional`` with no ``visibility`` kwarg reports ``None``.
 
-    Consumers can read the attribute directly with plain attribute
-    access; absence (``None``) means "render on the editor's main
-    form."
+    The marker stays faithful to what the author wrote: ESPHome does
+    not encode the default on it. Resolving ``None`` to an effective
+    visibility is the consumer's job — a schema-aware editor treats an
+    unset ``Optional`` as ``ADVANCED`` (see :class:`Visibility`).
     """
     o = cv.Optional("foo")
     assert o.visibility is None
@@ -1006,6 +1200,17 @@ def test_optional_visibility_yaml_only() -> None:
     assert o.visibility is cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
 
 
+def test_optional_visibility_ui() -> None:
+    """``visibility=Visibility.UI`` is recorded on the marker.
+
+    ``UI`` promotes an ``Optional`` onto the editor's main form,
+    overriding the consumer's default of ``ADVANCED`` for unset
+    optionals.
+    """
+    o = cv.Optional("foo", visibility=cv.Visibility.UI)
+    assert o.visibility is cv.Visibility.UI
+
+
 def test_visibility_str_values_match_dump_emission() -> None:
     """``Visibility`` is a ``StrEnum`` whose values are the literal
     strings the schema dumper emits.
@@ -1015,6 +1220,7 @@ def test_visibility_str_values_match_dump_emission() -> None:
     field — pinning the on-the-wire spelling here keeps the dump
     contract stable.
     """
+    assert str(cv.Visibility.UI) == "ui"
     assert str(cv.Visibility.ADVANCED) == "advanced"
     assert str(cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY) == "yaml_only"
 
@@ -1137,6 +1343,57 @@ def test_visibility_marker_is_per_field_no_mutation() -> None:
     assert inner_yaml_only.visibility is cv.Visibility.YAML_ONLY
 
 
+def test_entity_metadata_visibility_hints() -> None:
+    """Entity and value-describing metadata is classified for visual editors.
+
+    The headline ``name`` stays on the main form (``UI``); descriptive
+    metadata (device_class, unit, …), presentation options, and per-entity
+    integration plumbing (MQTT, web_server ordering) fall to the advanced
+    disclosure (``ADVANCED``).
+    """
+    advanced = cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
+
+    entity_base = {str(k): k for k in cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.schema}
+    assert entity_base["name"].visibility is cv.Visibility.UI
+    for field in (
+        "icon",
+        "internal",
+        "disabled_by_default",
+        "entity_category",
+        "device_id",
+    ):
+        assert entity_base[field].visibility is advanced, field
+
+    mqtt = {str(k): k for k in cv.MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.schema}
+    for field in ("qos", "retain", "discovery", "state_topic", "availability"):
+        assert mqtt[field].visibility is advanced, field
+
+    from esphome.components import binary_sensor, number, sensor
+    from esphome.components.web_server import WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA
+
+    sensor_markers = {str(k): k for k in sensor.sensor_schema().schema}
+    for field in (
+        "unit_of_measurement",
+        "accuracy_decimals",
+        "device_class",
+        "state_class",
+        "force_update",
+    ):
+        assert sensor_markers[field].visibility is advanced, field
+
+    binary = {str(k): k for k in binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().schema}
+    assert binary["device_class"].visibility is advanced
+
+    number_markers = {str(k): k for k in number.number_schema(number.Number).schema}
+    assert number_markers["mode"].visibility is advanced
+    assert number_markers["device_class"].visibility is advanced
+
+    # The whole per-entity web_server block is advanced; children inherit
+    # via the consumer cascade, so only the parent key carries the hint.
+    web = {str(k): k for k in WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA.schema}
+    assert web["web_server"].visibility is advanced
+
+
 def _wrap_str(value: str) -> ESPHomeDataBase:
     """Wrap a raw string as an ESPHomeDataBase, mimicking a YAML-loaded value."""
     return make_data_base(value)
@@ -1184,9 +1441,41 @@ def test_version_parse_with_extra() -> None:
     assert version.extra == "dev20240101"
 
 
-def test_version_parse_invalid() -> None:
+def test_version_parse_without_patch() -> None:
+    """A two-part version parses with patch defaulting to 0, so framework
+    shorthands like '6.0' and '6.0-rc1' are accepted."""
+    version = cv.Version.parse("6.0")
+    assert (version.major, version.minor, version.patch, version.extra) == (
+        6,
+        0,
+        0,
+        "",
+    )
+    version = cv.Version.parse("6.0-rc1")
+    assert (version.major, version.minor, version.patch, version.extra) == (
+        6,
+        0,
+        0,
+        "rc1",
+    )
+
+
+def test_version_parse_numeric_extra() -> None:
+    """Four-part versions keep the trailing component as extra (pioarduino
+    packaging revisions, e.g. 5.5.3.1)."""
+    version = cv.Version.parse("5.5.3.1")
+    assert (version.major, version.minor, version.patch, version.extra) == (
+        5,
+        5,
+        3,
+        "1",
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["not.a.version", "6", "a.b", ""])
+def test_version_parse_invalid(value: str) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Not a valid version number"):
-        cv.Version.parse("not.a.version")
+        cv.Version.parse(value)
 
 
 def test_version_is_beta() -> None:
@@ -2142,6 +2431,58 @@ def test_one_of_string_and_space() -> None:
     assert cv.one_of("a_b", string=True, space="_")("a b") == "a_b"
 
 
+def test_one_of_string_and_underscore() -> None:
+    assert cv.one_of("a-b", string=True, underscore="-")("a_b") == "a-b"
+    assert cv.one_of("a-b", string=True, underscore="-")("a-b") == "a-b"
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_lower_space_and_underscore() -> None:
+    validator = cv.one_of("output-mode", lower=True, space="-", underscore="-")
+    assert validator("output_mode") == "output-mode"
+    assert validator("OUTPUT_MODE") == "output-mode"
+    assert validator("output mode") == "output-mode"
+    assert validator("output-mode") == "output-mode"
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_underscore_unknown() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        cv.one_of("a-b", string=True, underscore="-")("c_d")
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_underscore_default_unchanged() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        cv.one_of("a-b", string=True)("a_b")
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_and_hyphen() -> None:
+    assert cv.one_of("a_b", string=True, hyphen="_")("a-b") == "a_b"
+    assert cv.one_of("a_b", string=True, hyphen="_")("a_b") == "a_b"
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_lower_space_and_hyphen() -> None:
+    validator = cv.one_of("output_mode", lower=True, space="_", hyphen="_")
+    assert validator("output-mode") == "output_mode"
+    assert validator("OUTPUT-MODE") == "output_mode"
+    assert validator("output mode") == "output_mode"
+    assert validator("output_mode") == "output_mode"
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_hyphen_unknown() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        cv.one_of("a_b", string=True, hyphen="_")("c-d")
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_hyphen_default_unchanged() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        cv.one_of("a_b", string=True)("a-b")
+
+
+def test_one_of_string_underscore_hyphen_swap_no_cascade() -> None:
+    validator = cv.one_of("a-b", "a_b", string=True, underscore="-", hyphen="_")
+    assert validator("a_b") == "a-b"
+    assert validator("a-b") == "a_b"
+
+
 def test_one_of_int() -> None:
     assert cv.one_of(1, 2, int=True)("2") == 2
 
@@ -2180,6 +2521,20 @@ def test_enum_valid() -> None:
     assert result.enum_value == 10
 
 
+def test_enum_valid_with_underscore() -> None:
+    mapping = {"a-b": 1}
+    result = cv.enum(mapping, string=True, underscore="-")("a_b")
+    assert result == "a-b"
+    assert result.enum_value == 1
+
+
+def test_enum_valid_with_hyphen() -> None:
+    mapping = {"a_b": 1}
+    result = cv.enum(mapping, string=True, hyphen="_")("a-b")
+    assert result == "a_b"
+    assert result.enum_value == 1
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # lambda_ / returning_lambda
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2210,6 +2565,52 @@ def test_returning_lambda_no_return() -> None:
         cv.returning_lambda(Lambda("int x = 5;"))
 
 
+def test_returning_lambda_return_only_in_comment() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="return statement"):
+        cv.returning_lambda(Lambda("// return 5;\nint x = 5;"))
+
+
+def test_returning_lambda_missing_semicolon_is_accepted() -> None:
+    """A forgotten semicolon is left for the C++ compiler to report."""
+    assert isinstance(cv.returning_lambda(Lambda("return x")), Lambda)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("return 5;", True),
+        ("if (x) { return x; } return 0;", True),
+        ("if (x) return 1; else return 0;", True),
+        ("switch (x) { case 0: return 1; }", True),
+        # a semicolon means code: any return keyword counts
+        ("return not x;", True),
+        ("return a and b;", True),
+        ("please return the sensor; then wait", True),
+        # a forgotten semicolon is still lambda source; the compiler reports it
+        ("return id(x).state", True),
+        ("return x", True),
+        ("return 5", True),
+        ("return not x", True),
+        # accepted: a one-word tail is indistinguishable from 'return x'
+        ("return soon", True),
+        ("Alert: return home", True),
+        ("static value", False),
+        ("no returns here", False),
+        ("the_return_value", False),
+        # without a semicolon, prose is not lambda source
+        ("please return the item", False),
+        ("return to sender", False),
+        ("return a and b", False),
+        # return only inside a comment is not a return statement
+        ("// return 5;\nint x = 5;", False),
+        ("/* return 5; */ int x = 5;", False),
+        ("return 5; // done", True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_looks_like_returning_lambda(value: str, expected: bool) -> None:
+    assert cv.looks_like_returning_lambda(value) is expected
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # dimensions
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2574,11 +2975,63 @@ def test_require_esphome_version_ok() -> None:
     assert cv.require_esphome_version(1, 0, 0)("test") == "test"
 
 
+def test_require_esphome_version_accepts_version_object() -> None:
+    """The Version form matches require_framework_version's style."""
+    assert cv.require_esphome_version(cv.Version(1, 0, 0))("test") == "test"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="at least ESPHome version 9999.0.0"):
+        cv.require_esphome_version(cv.Version(9999, 0, 0))("test")
+
+
+def test_require_esphome_version_partial_ints_fail_at_call_site() -> None:
+    """Missing ints raise immediately instead of a TypeError inside the validator."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="needs a Version or"):
+        cv.require_esphome_version(2026, 8)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="needs a Version or"):
+        cv.require_esphome_version(2026)
+
+
 def test_require_esphome_version_too_old() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="at least ESPHome version 9999.0.0"):
         cv.require_esphome_version(9999, 0, 0)("test")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("current", ["2026.8.0", "2026.8.0b1", "2026.8.0-dev20260801"])
+def test_require_esphome_version_prerelease_of_required_passes(current: str) -> None:
+    """A dev or beta build of the required version satisfies it.
+
+    Pins the behavior of the old tuple comparison that dropped the
+    suffix, now expressed through Version ordering where the extra field
+    only breaks ties upward.
+    """
+    with patch.object(cv, "ESPHOME_VERSION", current):
+        assert cv.require_esphome_version(2026, 8, 0)("test") == "test"
+
+
+def test_require_esphome_version_older_prerelease_fails() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(cv, "ESPHOME_VERSION", "2026.7.0-dev20260701"),
+        pytest.raises(Invalid, match="at least ESPHome version 2026.8.0"),
+    ):
+        cv.require_esphome_version(2026, 8, 0)("test")
+
+
+def test_parse_esphome_version_deprecated_shim(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The removed helper still works for external components and warns."""
+    from esphome import const, util
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(const, "__version__", "2026.9.0-dev"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING),
+    ):
+        assert cv.parse_esphome_version() == (2026, 9, 0)
+        assert cv.parse_esphome_version() < (9999, 0, 0)
+    assert "parse_esphome_version() is deprecated" in caplog.text
+    # Both historical import paths resolve to the same function
+    assert cv.parse_esphome_version is util.parse_esphome_version
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # suppress_invalid / validate_source_shorthand / rename_key
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2628,3 +3081,178 @@ def test_rename_key_present() -> None:
 
 def test_rename_key_absent() -> None:
     assert cv.rename_key("old", "new")({"other": 5}) == {"other": 5}
+
+
+def test_rename_key_no_removed_in_is_silent(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"):
+        assert cv.rename_key("old", "new")({"old": 5}) == {"new": 5}
+    assert not caplog.records
+
+
+def test_rename_key_removed_in_renames_and_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"):
+        result = cv.rename_key("old", "new", removed_in="2026.8.0")({"old": 5})
+    assert result == {"new": 5}
+    assert "'old' is deprecated, use 'new'. Will be removed in 2026.8.0" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_rename_key_removed_in_absent_key_no_warning(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"):
+        result = cv.rename_key("old", "new", removed_in="2026.8.0")({"other": 5})
+    assert result == {"other": 5}
+    assert not caplog.records
+
+
+def test_rename_key_removed_in_with_component_prefixes_warning(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"):
+        result = cv.rename_key(
+            "old", "new", removed_in="2026.8.0", component="my_component"
+        )({"old": 5})
+    assert result == {"new": 5}
+    assert (
+        "[my_component] 'old' is deprecated, use 'new'. Will be removed in 2026.8.0"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
+
+def test_rename_key_both_keys_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Cannot specify more than one of"):
+        cv.rename_key("old", "new")({"old": 5, "new": 6})
+
+
+def test_rename_key_both_keys_rejected_with_removed_in(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config_validation"),
+        pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Cannot specify more than one of"),
+    ):
+        cv.rename_key("old", "new", removed_in="2026.8.0")({"old": 5, "new": 6})
+    assert not caplog.records
+
+
+def test_file__existing_relative_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    (setup_core / "partitions.csv").write_text("csv\n")
+
+    assert cv.file_("partitions.csv") == setup_core / "partitions.csv"
+
+
+def test_file__missing_raises(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not find file"):
+        cv.file_("partitions.csv")
+
+
+def test_file__remaps_bundle_absolute_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A stale absolute path in an extracted bundle resolves to the bundled copy."""
+    manifest = {
+        "manifest_version": 1,
+        "config_filename": "test.yaml",
+        "config_dir": "/original/config",
+    }
+    (setup_core / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest))
+    (setup_core / "partitions.csv").write_text("csv\n")
+
+    assert cv.file_("/original/config/partitions.csv") == setup_core / "partitions.csv"
+
+
+def test_file__missing_absolute_path_without_bundle(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not find file"):
+        cv.file_("/original/config/partitions.csv")
+
+
+def test_file__remaps_windows_bundle_absolute_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A bundle created on Windows resolves on a host with another layout."""
+    manifest = {
+        "manifest_version": 1,
+        "config_filename": "test.yaml",
+        "config_dir": "C:\\Users\\nick\\esphome",
+    }
+    (setup_core / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest))
+    (setup_core / "partitions.csv").write_text("csv\n")
+
+    result = cv.file_("C:\\Users\\nick\\esphome\\partitions.csv")
+
+    assert result == setup_core / "partitions.csv"
+
+
+def test_directory_remaps_bundle_absolute_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A stale absolute directory in an extracted bundle resolves to the bundled copy."""
+    manifest = {
+        "manifest_version": 1,
+        "config_filename": "test.yaml",
+        "config_dir": "/original/config",
+    }
+    (setup_core / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest))
+    (setup_core / "headers").mkdir()
+
+    assert cv.directory("/original/config/headers") == setup_core / "headers"
+
+
+def test_directory_missing_raises(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not find directory"):
+        cv.directory("/original/config/headers")
+
+
+def test_file__remapped_path_is_directory_raises(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A remapped path that is a directory still fails file validation."""
+    manifest = {
+        "manifest_version": 1,
+        "config_filename": "test.yaml",
+        "config_dir": "/original/config",
+    }
+    (setup_core / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest))
+    (setup_core / "headers").mkdir()
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="is not a file"):
+        cv.file_("/original/config/headers")
+
+
+def test_require_platformio_toolchain() -> None:
+    """Platforms with only the PlatformIO backend reject other toolchains."""
+    validator = cv.require_platformio_toolchain("RP2")
+    CORE.toolchain = None
+    config: dict = {}
+    assert validator(config) is config
+    assert CORE.toolchain == Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino' for RP2"):
+        validator(config)
+
+
+def test_check_supported_toolchain_unresolved_is_an_ordering_bug() -> None:
+    """Calling the check before resolution fails naming the ordering bug,
+    not a user-facing unsupported-toolchain error."""
+    CORE.toolchain = None
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="not resolved before RP2 validation"):
+        cv._check_supported_toolchain("RP2", (Toolchain.PLATFORMIO,))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "minimal_config"),
+    [
+        ("host", {}),
+        ("rp2", {"board": "rpipicow"}),
+        ("bk72xx", {"board": "generic-bk7231n-qfn32-tuya"}),
+        ("rtl87xx", {"board": "generic-rtl8710bn-2mb-788k"}),
+        ("ln882x", {"board": "generic-ln882h"}),
+        # The legacy stub platform must reject too, not just the chip families
+        ("libretiny", {}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_every_platformio_only_platform_rejects_arduino_toolchain(
+    platform: str, minimal_config: dict
+) -> None:
+    """A platform that cannot serve a CLI toolchain rejects it at validation."""
+    module = importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}")
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        module.CONFIG_SCHEMA(dict(minimal_config))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
index a61b6ae7ae..0c96f8c8c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from hypothesis import given
 import pytest
-from strategies import mac_addr_strings
 
 from esphome import const, core
+from tests.unit_tests.strategies import mac_addr_strings
 
 
 class TestHexInt:
@@ -213,6 +215,31 @@ class TestLambda:
 
         assert str(target) is value.value
 
+    def test_init__expression_initializer(self):
+        from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+
+        target = core.Lambda(RawExpression("foo()"))
+
+        assert target.value == "foo();"
+
+    def test_init__other_initializer(self):
+        target = core.Lambda(123)
+
+        assert target.value == 123
+
+    def test_init_from_str_does_not_import_codegen(self):
+        """The validated-config cache revives Lambdas on the upload fast path."""
+        # sys.exit rather than assert so ambient PYTHONOPTIMIZE can't strip it.
+        check = (
+            "import sys; from esphome.core import Lambda; "
+            "Lambda('return 1;'); "
+            "sys.exit('codegen leaked' if 'esphome.cpp_generator' in sys.modules else 0)"
+        )
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [sys.executable, "-c", check], capture_output=True, text=True, check=False
+        )
+        assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+
     def test_parts(self):
         target = core.Lambda(SAMPLE_LAMBDA.strip())
 
@@ -591,6 +618,36 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
         assert target.is_esp32 is False
         assert target.is_esp8266 is True
 
+    def test_is_rp2(self, target):
+        """The canonical RP2 family gate flips on for the rp2 platform."""
+        target.data[const.KEY_CORE] = {const.KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "rp2"}
+
+        assert target.is_rp2 is True
+        assert target.is_esp32 is False
+        assert target.is_esp8266 is False
+
+    def test_is_rp2040_deprecated_alias_matches_is_rp2(self, target, caplog):
+        """``is_rp2040`` is kept as a deprecation shim that returns whatever
+        ``is_rp2`` returns; both must agree across platform values. A
+        one-shot deprecation warning is emitted on first access and
+        deduped via ``CORE.data`` for the rest of the run."""
+        import logging
+
+        target.data[const.KEY_CORE] = {const.KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "rp2"}
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.core"):
+            assert target.is_rp2040 is True
+            assert target.is_rp2040 == target.is_rp2
+
+            warnings = [r for r in caplog.records if "is_rp2040" in r.message]
+            assert len(warnings) == 1
+            assert "2027.7.0" in warnings[0].message
+
+        # Reset the dedupe so the False-platform branch also runs the shim.
+        target.data.pop("_core_is_rp2040_deprecated_warned", None)
+        target.data[const.KEY_CORE] = {const.KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32"}
+        assert target.is_rp2040 is False
+        assert target.is_rp2040 == target.is_rp2
+
     def test_firmware_bin__default(self, target):
         """Default platforms produce <pioenvs>/<name>/firmware.bin."""
         target.name = "test-device"
@@ -901,6 +958,24 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
         target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ESP_IDF
         assert target.using_toolchain_sdk_nrf is False
 
+    def test_using_toolchain_arduino(self, target):
+        """A toolchain choice, distinct from the arduino target framework."""
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ARDUINO
+        assert target.using_toolchain_arduino is True
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+        assert target.using_toolchain_arduino is False
+
+    def test_using_native_toolchain(self, target):
+        """True exactly for the toolchains that never read platformio.ini."""
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is True
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.ARDUINO
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is True
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is False
+        target.toolchain = const.Toolchain.SDK_NRF
+        assert target.using_native_toolchain is False
+
     def test_add_library__extracts_short_name_from_path(self, target):
         """Test add_library extracts short name from library paths like owner/lib."""
         target.data[const.KEY_CORE] = {
@@ -933,3 +1008,35 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
         )
         # The unflag is still recorded either way.
         assert target.build_unflags == {"-fno-rtti", "-fno-exceptions"}
+
+    def test_add_cmake_arg(self, target) -> None:
+        target.add_cmake_arg("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "unity;esp_lcd")
+        assert target.cmake_args == {"EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": "unity;esp_lcd"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["", "BAD NAME", 'A"B', "A(B)", "1ABC"])
+    def test_add_cmake_arg__rejects_invalid_name(self, target, name: str) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid CMake arg name"):
+            target.add_cmake_arg(name, "value")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["a b", "a\tb", 'a"b', "a'b", "a${FOO}b"])
+    def test_add_cmake_arg__rejects_invalid_value(self, target, value: str) -> None:
+        """Whitespace and quotes are rejected (the PlatformIO backend passes
+        args as one space-joined string, which would split such a value), and
+        so is '$' (expanded differently by CMake and PlatformIO)."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must not contain"):
+            target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", value)
+
+    def test_add_cmake_arg__warns_on_overwrite(
+        self, target, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        """Re-registering with a different value is last-writer-wins; warn so
+        the silently dropped value is diagnosable."""
+        target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", "one")
+        target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", "one")
+        assert "overwriting" not in caplog.text
+
+        target.add_cmake_arg("MY_ARG", "two")
+        assert (
+            "CMake arg MY_ARG already set to one; overwriting with two" in caplog.text
+        )
+        assert target.cmake_args == {"MY_ARG": "two"}
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
index e389b56ada..1c0e0d0a93 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import const, cpp_helpers as ch
+from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import ComponentSourcePool, register_component_source
 
 
@@ -167,3 +168,53 @@ def test_register_component_source_overflow_suppressed_in_testing_mode(
         idx = register_component_source("overflow_component")
     assert idx == 0
     assert "Too many unique component source names" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def _define_value(name: str) -> str | None:
+    for define in ch.CORE.defines:
+        if define.name == name:
+            # Values are codegen expressions (IntLiteral); compare rendered.
+            return str(define.value)
+    return None
+
+
+def test_slot_counter_emits_requested_count() -> None:
+    """Each request bumps the count; the self-scheduled FINAL job emits it."""
+    request = ch.slot_counter("TEST_SLOT_COUNT")
+    request()
+    request()
+    ch.CORE.flush_tasks()
+    assert _define_value("TEST_SLOT_COUNT") == "2"
+
+
+def test_slot_counter_without_requests_emits_nothing() -> None:
+    """No requests, no job, no define — the guarded storage compiles out."""
+    ch.slot_counter("TEST_SLOT_COUNT_UNUSED")
+    ch.CORE.flush_tasks()
+    assert _define_value("TEST_SLOT_COUNT_UNUSED") is None
+
+
+def test_slot_counter_request_from_final_job_still_emits() -> None:
+    """The FIRST request for a define may come from a FINAL job: its emit job
+    is scheduled mid-drain and flush_tasks() loops until the heap is empty.
+    Later requests do not get this guarantee — see the companion test."""
+    request = ch.slot_counter("TEST_SLOT_COUNT_LATE")
+
+    @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+    async def late_requester() -> None:
+        request()
+
+    ch.CORE.add_job(late_requester)
+    ch.CORE.flush_tasks()
+    assert _define_value("TEST_SLOT_COUNT_LATE") == "1"
+
+
+def test_slot_counter_request_after_emit_raises() -> None:
+    """The boundary of FINAL-time requests: once the define was emitted, a
+    further request would silently undersize the storage, so it fails loudly."""
+    request = ch.slot_counter("TEST_SLOT_COUNT_TOO_LATE")
+    request()
+    ch.CORE.flush_tasks()
+    assert _define_value("TEST_SLOT_COUNT_TOO_LATE") == "1"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="TEST_SLOT_COUNT_TOO_LATE"):
+        request()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py
index 427bee0f86..46a2fa5db0 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_dashboard_import.py
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ during the adoption flow and depend on the output's ``esphome.name``
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
+import requests as req
 import yaml as pyyaml
 
 from esphome.components.dashboard_import import import_config
@@ -201,3 +203,56 @@ def test_import_refuses_to_overwrite_existing_yaml(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         )
     # Original content survives unchanged.
     assert yaml_path.read_text() == "# user's hand-edited config\n"
+
+
+def _full_config_kwargs(yaml_path: Path) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "path": str(yaml_path),
+        "name": "kitchen",
+        "friendly_name": None,
+        "project_name": "acme.kitchen-light",
+        "import_url": "github://acme/firmware/kitchen.yaml@main?full_config",
+    }
+
+
+def test_full_config_import_fetches_and_writes_contents(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    yaml_path = tmp_path / "kitchen.yaml"
+    resp = MagicMock(text="esphome:\n  name: orig\n")
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.components.dashboard_import.http_request", return_value=resp
+    ) as mock_req:
+        import_config(**_full_config_kwargs(yaml_path))
+    assert yaml_path.read_text() == "esphome:\n  name: orig\n"
+    assert mock_req.call_args[0][0] == "GET"
+
+
+def test_full_config_import_retries_transient_errors(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The fetch goes through the shared retry policy: a transient network
+    error is retried instead of failing the adoption immediately."""
+    yaml_path = tmp_path / "kitchen.yaml"
+    resp = MagicMock(text="esphome:\n  name: orig\n")
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.dashboard_import.http_request",
+            side_effect=[req.ConnectionError("reset"), resp],
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.net_retry.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+    ):
+        import_config(**_full_config_kwargs(yaml_path))
+    assert yaml_path.exists()
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+
+def test_full_config_import_wraps_permanent_errors_in_value_error(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """device-builder depends on the ValueError contract for fetch failures."""
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.raise_for_status.side_effect = req.HTTPError(
+        "404", response=MagicMock(status_code=404)
+    )
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.components.dashboard_import.http_request", return_value=resp),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Error while fetching"),
+    ):
+        import_config(**_full_config_kwargs(tmp_path / "kitchen.yaml"))
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_download_types.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_download_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ccf53f7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_download_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""Platform get_download_types contract for never-built configs.
+
+Wizard-written and upload/logs-fallback sidecars record no
+firmware_bin_path; the download panel must get an empty list for them,
+not entries pointing at files that were never built.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from importlib import import_module
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
+
+PLATFORMS = ["esp32", "esp8266", "rp2", "libretiny", "nrf52"]
+
+
+def _download_types(platform: str, storage: StorageJSON) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    return import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}").get_download_types(storage)
+
+
+def _wizard_storage() -> StorageJSON:
+    return StorageJSON.from_wizard(
+        name="test_device",
+        friendly_name="Test Device",
+        address="test_device.local",
+        platform="ESP32",
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", PLATFORMS)
+def test_no_firmware_path_yields_no_downloads(platform: str) -> None:
+    """No recorded firmware path means nothing was built; no downloads."""
+    assert _download_types(platform, _wizard_storage()) == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", PLATFORMS)
+def test_recorded_firmware_path_yields_downloads(platform: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """With a firmware path recorded, every platform offers entries in
+    the documented title/description/file/download shape."""
+    storage = _wizard_storage()
+    storage.firmware_bin_path = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+
+    types = _download_types(platform, storage)
+
+    assert types
+    assert all(
+        {"title", "description", "file", "download"} <= entry.keys() for entry in types
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py
index cb25535d8d..4cc445e29b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_clang_tidy.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 """Tests for esphome.espidf.clang_tidy tidy-project generation."""
 
+import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.espidf import clang_tidy
 from esphome.espidf.clang_tidy import _Settings, _setup_core, _write_tidy_project
 
 REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
@@ -64,3 +67,35 @@ def test_setup_core_sets_arduino_env(
     _setup_core(tmp_path / "proj", _settings(target_framework=target_framework))
 
     assert os.environ["ESPHOME_ARDUINO_COMPONENT"] == expected
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_tidy_project(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The tidy TU's compile entry is assembled into consumer-shaped idedata."""
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            [
+                {
+                    "directory": str(tmp_path),
+                    "file": str(tmp_path / "main" / "tidy.cpp"),
+                    "command": "/tc/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP32 "
+                    f"-I{tmp_path}/inc -c main/tidy.cpp -o tidy.o",
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.espidf.clang_tidy.get_toolchain_includes", return_value=["/tc/inc"]
+    ):
+        data = clang_tidy._idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands)
+    assert data["cxx_path"] == "/tc/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"
+    assert data["defines"] == ["USE_ESP32"]
+    assert data["includes"]["toolchain"] == ["/tc/inc"]
+    assert any(inc.endswith("/inc") for inc in data["includes"]["build"])
+
+
+def test_idedata_from_tidy_project_missing_tu_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
+    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps([]))
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="tidy.cpp not found"):
+        clang_tidy._idedata_from_tidy_project(compile_commands)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py
index d43a1d5276..3789eefc64 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_component.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
+import glob
 import hashlib
 import json
-import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.components import esp32 as esp32_module
 from esphome.const import (
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
@@ -15,21 +16,24 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, Library
 from esphome.espidf.component import (
+    _emit_idf_component,
     generate_cmakelists_txt,
     generate_idf_component_yml,
     generate_idf_components,
 )
 import esphome.platformio.library
 from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
     ConvertedLibrary as IDFComponent,
     GitSource,
     URLSource,
     _node_key,
-    _normalize_dependencies,
-    _parse_library_json,
-    _parse_library_properties,
     _resolve_registry_version,
     collect_filtered_files,
+    normalize_dependencies,
+    parse_library_json,
+    parse_library_properties,
     split_list_by_condition,
 )
 
@@ -86,6 +90,48 @@ def test_collect_filtered_files_exclude(tmp_path):
     assert str(f2) not in result
 
 
+def test_collect_filtered_files_exclude_pattern_in_subdir(tmp_path):
+    src = tmp_path / "lib" / "src"
+    src.mkdir(parents=True)
+    kept = src / "a.c"
+    excluded = src / "hasty.c"
+    kept.write_text("int a;")
+    excluded.write_text("int b;")
+
+    result = collect_filtered_files(tmp_path, ["+<lib/src/*.c>", "-<lib/src/hasty.c>"])
+    assert str(kept) in result
+    assert str(excluded) not in result
+
+
+def test_collect_filtered_files_exclude_unnormalized_glob_output(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    # On Windows, glob keeps the pattern's literal separators for non-wildcard
+    # path components, so the "+" wildcard pattern and the "-" literal pattern
+    # yield the same file spelled differently and the exclude set difference
+    # misses it. Backslash is a regular filename character on POSIX (such paths
+    # fail the final is_file filter), so reproduce the unnormalized-output
+    # mismatch portably with dot segments, which normpath also collapses.
+    src = tmp_path / "lib" / "src"
+    src.mkdir(parents=True)
+    kept = src / "a.c"
+    excluded = src / "hasty.c"
+    kept.write_text("int a;")
+    excluded.write_text("int b;")
+
+    real_glob = glob.glob
+
+    def unnormalized_glob(pattern, recursive=False):
+        if "*" in pattern:
+            base = str(tmp_path)
+            return [base + "/lib/./src/a.c", base + "/lib/./src/hasty.c"]
+        return real_glob(pattern, recursive=recursive)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(glob, "glob", unnormalized_glob)
+
+    result = collect_filtered_files(tmp_path, ["+<lib/src/*.c>", "-<lib/src/hasty.c>"])
+    assert [Path(r).name for r in result] == ["a.c"]
+    assert str(kept) in result
+
+
 def test_split_list_by_condition():
     items = ["-Iinclude", "-Llib", "-Wall"]
 
@@ -112,6 +158,62 @@ def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_basic(tmp_component):
     assert "main.c" in content
 
 
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_external_source_uses_absolute_paths(
+    tmp_component, tmp_path
+):
+    # A local library's sources live outside the component dir (source_path),
+    # so SRCS and INCLUDE_DIRS must be emitted as absolute paths into it.
+    source = tmp_path / "user_lib"
+    (source / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (source / "include").mkdir()
+    (source / "src" / "thing.cpp").write_text("int t;")
+    tmp_component.source_path = source
+    tmp_component.data = {}
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+
+    abs_src = str((source / "src" / "thing.cpp").resolve()).replace("\\", "/")
+    abs_inc = str((source / "include").resolve()).replace("\\", "/")
+    assert abs_src in content
+    assert abs_inc in content
+    # Nothing was copied into the component dir.
+    assert not (tmp_component.path / "src").exists()
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_external_source_absolutises_link_dirs(
+    tmp_component, tmp_path
+):
+    # A local library's relative -L path must be made absolute against its own
+    # directory so it resolves from the component cache dir.
+    source = tmp_path / "user_lib"
+    (source / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (source / "src" / "thing.cpp").write_text("int t;")
+    (source / "libs").mkdir()
+    tmp_component.source_path = source
+    tmp_component.data = {"build": {"flags": ["-Llibs"]}}
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+
+    abs_lib = str((source / "libs").resolve()).replace("\\", "/")
+    assert "target_link_directories" in content
+    assert abs_lib in content
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_external_source_root_srcdir(tmp_component, tmp_path):
+    # An external source with files at its root (no src/ or include/ dir):
+    # the src-dir search falls through to "." and the missing include dirs are
+    # filtered out.
+    source = tmp_path / "flat_lib"
+    source.mkdir()
+    (source / "thing.cpp").write_text("int t;")
+    tmp_component.source_path = source
+    tmp_component.data = {}
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+
+    assert str((source / "thing.cpp").resolve()).replace("\\", "/") in content
+
+
 def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_with_flags(tmp_component, tmp_path):
     src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
     src_dir.mkdir()
@@ -126,30 +228,130 @@ def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_with_flags(tmp_component, tmp_path):
     }
 
     content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
-    sep = "\\\\" if os.name == "nt" else "/"
+    # Paths are always emitted with forward slashes so the CMakeLists is
+    # portable; on Windows os.path.relpath would otherwise yield backslashes
+    # that break CMake's list re-parsing.
     assert (
         content
-        == f"""idf_component_register(
-  SRCS "src{sep}main.c"
+        == """idf_component_register(
+  SRCS "src/main.c"
   INCLUDE_DIRS "src"
-  REQUIRES dep ${{ESPHOME_PROJECT_MANAGED_COMPONENTS}} ${{ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS}}
+  REQUIRES dep ${ESPHOME_PROJECT_MANAGED_COMPONENTS} ${ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS}
 )
-target_compile_options(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} PUBLIC
+target_compile_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} PUBLIC
   "-DTEST"
 )
-target_compile_options(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} PRIVATE
+target_compile_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} PRIVATE
   "-Wall"
 )
-target_link_directories(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} INTERFACE
+target_link_directories(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE
   "lib"
 )
-target_link_libraries(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} INTERFACE
+target_link_libraries(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE
   "mylib"
 )
 """
     )
 
 
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_uses_forward_slashes_on_windows(
+    tmp_component, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    # os.path.relpath yields backslash paths on Windows, which CMake rejects
+    # when it re-parses the SRCS list (e.g. "\b" in "src\backend" is an invalid
+    # character escape). Simulate that output and confirm the generated
+    # CMakeLists normalizes the separators to forward slashes.
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src" / "backend"
+    src_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (src_dir / "cipher.c").write_text("int f() {}")
+
+    tmp_component.data = {}
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.espidf.component.os.sep", "\\")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "esphome.espidf.component.os.path.relpath",
+        lambda *args, **kwargs: "src\\backend\\cipher.c",
+    )
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+
+    assert 'SRCS "src/backend/cipher.c"' in content
+    assert "\\" not in content
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_multi_token_flag(tmp_component):
+    # PlatformIO shell-lexes each build.flags entry, so a single entry can
+    # carry a flag and its argument. The generated CMakeLists must emit them
+    # as separate compile options, not one argument with an embedded space.
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
+    src_dir.mkdir()
+    (src_dir / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+
+    tmp_component.data = {"build": {"flags": ["-include cp_custom_alloc.h", "-DTEST"]}}
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+    assert '"-include cp_custom_alloc.h"' not in content
+    assert '  "-include"\n  "cp_custom_alloc.h"\n' in content
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_escapes_embedded_quotes(tmp_component):
+    """A define value carrying a literal quote survives into CMake as an
+    escaped quote, not a prematurely-terminated string."""
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
+    src_dir.mkdir()
+    (src_dir / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+    # shlex keeps the backslash-escaped quotes as literal characters
+    tmp_component.data = {"build": {"flags": ['-DMSG=\\"hi\\"']}}
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+    assert '"-DMSG=\\"hi\\""' in content
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_extra_script_link_flags(tmp_component):
+    """Captured extra-script LINKFLAGS come out as target_link_options, not
+    compile options where they would be silently ineffective."""
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
+    src_dir.mkdir()
+    (src_dir / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+
+    tmp_component.data = {
+        ESPHOME_DATA_KEY: {ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY: ["-Wl,--gc-sections"]}
+    }
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+    assert (
+        'target_link_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n  "-Wl,--gc-sections"\n)'
+        in content
+    )
+    assert "target_compile_options" not in content
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_space_separated_classified_flags(tmp_component):
+    # Space-separated -I/-L/-l entries routed to INCLUDE_DIRS and the link
+    # handling before the shlex split was added; splitting must not leak
+    # them into raw compile options.
+    src_dir = tmp_component.path / "src"
+    src_dir.mkdir()
+    (src_dir / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+    (tmp_component.path / "extra_inc").mkdir()
+
+    tmp_component.data = {
+        "build": {"flags": ["-I extra_inc", "-L extra_lib", "-l extralib", "-DTEST"]}
+    }
+
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(tmp_component)
+    assert 'INCLUDE_DIRS "src" "extra_inc"' in content
+    assert 'target_link_directories(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n  "extra_lib"\n)' in (
+        content
+    )
+    assert 'target_link_libraries(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE\n  "extralib"\n)' in (
+        content
+    )
+    assert '"-I"' not in content
+    assert '"-L"' not in content
+    assert '"-l"' not in content
+
+
 def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_references_project_managed_components_variable(
     tmp_component: IDFComponent,
 ) -> None:
@@ -172,6 +374,18 @@ def test_generate_idf_component_yml_basic(tmp_component):
     assert result == "description: test\nrepository: http://aaa\n"
 
 
+def test_generate_idf_component_yml_tolerates_malformed_metadata(tmp_component):
+    """A string repository is the URL itself; junk shapes drop instead of
+    crashing on a third-party manifest."""
+    tmp_component.data = {"description": "test", "repository": "http://aaa"}
+    assert (
+        generate_idf_component_yml(tmp_component)
+        == "description: test\nrepository: http://aaa\n"
+    )
+    tmp_component.data = {"description": {"en": "x"}, "repository": 123}
+    assert generate_idf_component_yml(tmp_component) == "{}\n"
+
+
 def test_generate_idf_component_yml_with_dependencies(tmp_component, tmp_path):
     dep = IDFComponent("dep", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy.com"))
     dep.path = tmp_path / "dep"
@@ -202,133 +416,11 @@ def test_generate_idf_component_yml_missing_path_raises(tmp_component):
         generate_idf_component_yml(tmp_component)
 
 
-def test_extra_script_captures_libpath_libs_and_defines(tmp_path):
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import captured_as_build_flags, run_extra_script
-
-    (tmp_path / "src" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
-    script = tmp_path / "extra_script.py"
-    script.write_text(
-        "Import('env')\n"
-        "mcu = env.get('BOARD_MCU')\n"
-        "env.Append(\n"
-        "    LIBPATH=[join('src', mcu)],\n"
-        "    LIBS=['algobsec'],\n"
-        "    CPPDEFINES=['FOO', ('BAR', '1')],\n"
-        "    LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,--gc-sections'],\n"
-        ")\n"
-    )
-    # The script uses bare ``join`` (PIO's extra-scripts run inside SCons
-    # where this is in scope). Inject it via the script header so the
-    # shim's exec namespace can resolve it.
-    script.write_text("from os.path import join\n" + script.read_text())
-
-    result = run_extra_script(script, library_dir=tmp_path, idf_target="esp32")
-
-    assert result.libpath == [str(Path("src") / "esp32")]
-    assert result.libs == ["algobsec"]
-    assert ("BAR", "1") in result.cppdefines
-    assert "FOO" in result.cppdefines
-    assert result.linkflags == ["-Wl,--gc-sections"]
-
-    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
-    sep = os.sep
-    assert f"-Lsrc{sep}esp32" in flags
-    assert "-lalgobsec" in flags
-    assert "-DFOO" in flags
-    assert "-DBAR=1" in flags
-    assert "-Wl,--gc-sections" in flags
-
-
-def test_extra_script_libpath_relative_resolves_against_library_dir(
-    tmp_path, monkeypatch
-):
-    """Relative LIBPATH entries must resolve against ``library_dir``, not the
-    caller's CWD (the shim restores CWD before ``captured_as_build_flags``
-    runs)."""
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import ExtraScriptResult, captured_as_build_flags
-
-    (tmp_path / "lib" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
-    elsewhere = tmp_path.parent / "not_the_library_dir"
-    elsewhere.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    monkeypatch.chdir(elsewhere)
-
-    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=["lib/esp32"])
-    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
-
-    sep = os.sep
-    assert flags == [f"-Llib{sep}esp32"]
-
-
-def test_extra_script_libpath_absolute_outside_library_dir(tmp_path):
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import ExtraScriptResult, captured_as_build_flags
-
-    outside = tmp_path.parent / "system_lib"
-    outside.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=[str(outside)])
-
-    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
-    assert flags == [f"-L{outside.resolve()}"]
-
-
-def test_extra_script_failure_returns_empty_result(tmp_path, caplog):
-    from esphome.espidf.extra_script import run_extra_script
-
-    script = tmp_path / "broken.py"
-    script.write_text("raise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
-
-    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
-        result = run_extra_script(script, library_dir=tmp_path, idf_target="esp32")
-
-    assert result.libpath == []
-    assert result.libs == []
-    assert "broken.py" in caplog.text
-
-
-def test_apply_extra_script_path_traversal_is_rejected(tmp_path):
-    from esphome.espidf.component import _apply_extra_script
-
-    library_dir = tmp_path / "lib"
-    library_dir.mkdir()
-    outside = tmp_path / "evil.py"
-    outside.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['pwned'])\n")
-
-    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
-    c.path = library_dir
-    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "../evil.py"}}
-
-    _apply_extra_script(c)
-
-    # Nothing was folded into flags: the traversal was rejected before
-    # the script could run.
-    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
-
-
-def test_apply_extra_script_merges_into_existing_flags(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
-    from esphome.components import esp32 as esp32_module
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(esp32_module, "get_esp32_variant", lambda: "ESP32")
-
-    from esphome.espidf.component import _apply_extra_script
-
-    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
-    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
-    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\n")
-
-    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
-    c.path = tmp_path
-    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": ["-DEXISTING"]}}
-
-    _apply_extra_script(c)
-
-    assert "-DEXISTING" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
-    assert "-lalgobsec" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
-
-
 def test_parse_library_json(tmp_path):
     f = tmp_path / "library.json"
     f.write_text(json.dumps({"name": "test"}))
 
-    result = _parse_library_json(f)
+    result = parse_library_json(f)
     assert result["name"] == "test"
 
 
@@ -343,7 +435,7 @@ empty=
 """
     )
 
-    result = _parse_library_properties(f)
+    result = parse_library_properties(f)
 
     assert result["name"] == "Test"
     assert result["version"] == "1.0"
@@ -351,54 +443,184 @@ empty=
 
 
 def test_node_key_git_with_ref():
-    key, is_git, locator = _node_key(
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key(
         "name", None, "https://github.com/foo/bar.git#v1.2.3"
     )
     assert key == "foo/bar"
-    assert is_git is True
+    assert kind == "git"
     assert locator == ("https://github.com/foo/bar.git", "v1.2.3")
 
 
 def test_node_key_git_branch_ref():
-    key, is_git, locator = _node_key(
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key(
         "name", None, "https://github.com/foo/bar.git#some-branch"
     )
-    assert (key, is_git, locator[1]) == ("foo/bar", True, "some-branch")
+    assert (key, kind, locator[1]) == ("foo/bar", "git", "some-branch")
 
 
 def test_node_key_git_no_ref():
-    _key, is_git, locator = _node_key("name", None, "https://github.com/foo/bar.git")
-    assert is_git is True
+    _key, kind, locator = _node_key("name", None, "https://github.com/foo/bar.git")
+    assert kind == "git"
     assert locator == ("https://github.com/foo/bar.git", None)
 
 
+def test_node_key_url_in_name_is_git():
+    # add_library("https://github.com/x/y", None): PlatformIO accepted a bare
+    # git URL as the library name, so the converter must too.
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("https://github.com/pstolarz/OneWireNg", None, None)
+    assert key == "pstolarz/OneWireNg"
+    assert kind == "git"
+    assert locator == ("https://github.com/pstolarz/OneWireNg", None)
+
+
+def test_node_key_url_in_name_with_ref():
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("https://github.com/foo/bar.git#v1.2.3", None, None)
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == (
+        "foo/bar",
+        "git",
+        ("https://github.com/foo/bar.git", "v1.2.3"),
+    )
+
+
+def test_node_key_url_in_name_git_plus_prefix():
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("git+https://github.com/foo/bar", None, None)
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == (
+        "foo/bar",
+        "git",
+        ("https://github.com/foo/bar", None),
+    )
+
+
+def test_node_key_git_plus_prefix_in_repository():
+    _key, kind, locator = _node_key("name", None, "git+https://github.com/foo/bar")
+    assert (kind, locator) == ("git", ("https://github.com/foo/bar", None))
+
+
+def test_node_key_custom_name_equals_url_is_git():
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key(
+        "OneWireNg=https://github.com/pstolarz/OneWireNg", None, None
+    )
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == (
+        "pstolarz/OneWireNg",
+        "git",
+        ("https://github.com/pstolarz/OneWireNg", None),
+    )
+
+
+def test_node_key_url_in_name_with_query_containing_equals():
+    # A bare URL whose query string contains ``=`` must not be split by the
+    # CustomName=URL handling.
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("https://host/x/y.git?ref=main", None, None)
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == (
+        "x/y",
+        "git",
+        ("https://host/x/y.git?ref=main", None),
+    )
+
+
+def test_node_key_file_url_in_repository_is_local():
+    # A plain file:// entry (PlatformIO's spelling for a local library folder)
+    # resolves as a local directory, keeping the custom name as the key. The
+    # path is the OS-native form of the URL (backslashes on Windows).
+    key, kind, (path, ref) = _node_key(
+        "TeslaBLE", None, "file:///config/esphome/lib_dev"
+    )
+    assert (key, kind, ref) == ("TeslaBLE", "local", None)
+    assert Path(path) == Path("/config/esphome/lib_dev")
+
+
+def test_node_key_bare_file_url_is_local_named_for_dir():
+    # Without a custom name the directory's own name becomes the key.
+    key, kind, (path, ref) = _node_key(None, None, "file:///opt/mylib")
+    assert (key, kind, ref) == ("mylib", "local", None)
+    assert Path(path) == Path("/opt/mylib")
+
+
+def test_node_key_custom_name_equals_file_url_is_local():
+    key, kind, (path, ref) = _node_key("Foo=file:///opt/mylib", None, None)
+    assert (key, kind, ref) == ("Foo", "local", None)
+    assert Path(path) == Path("/opt/mylib")
+
+
+def test_node_key_file_url_localhost_host_is_local():
+    # A localhost host is ignored; only the path identifies the directory.
+    key, kind, (path, ref) = _node_key(None, None, "file://localhost/opt/mylib")
+    assert (key, kind, ref) == ("mylib", "local", None)
+    assert Path(path) == Path("/opt/mylib")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "url", ["file://server/share/lib", "file://lib_dev", "file://../mylib"]
+)
+def test_node_key_file_url_with_host_rejected(url: str) -> None:
+    # A real host, or a relative path whose first segment parses as the host,
+    # is rejected rather than silently resolved to the wrong directory.
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Unsupported host in file://"):
+        _node_key(None, None, url)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("url", ["file:lib_dev", "file:./lib", "file:///"])
+def test_node_key_file_url_must_be_absolute(url: str) -> None:
+    # A relative path (no host, e.g. file:lib_dev) or a bare root (file:///)
+    # is rejected rather than resolved against the cwd or yielding an empty name.
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="must be an absolute"):
+        _node_key(None, None, url)
+
+
+def test_node_key_git_plus_file_url_stays_git():
+    # git+file:// is an explicit local git repo, not a plain directory.
+    _key, kind, locator = _node_key("X", None, "git+file:///srv/foo.git")
+    assert kind == "git"
+    assert locator == ("file:///srv/foo.git", None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["http://[::1", "CustomName=http://[::1"])
+def test_node_key_malformed_url_in_name_raises(name: str) -> None:
+    # A name that was clearly meant to be a URL but does not parse must fail
+    # fast instead of degrading to a confusing registry lookup error.
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Invalid PIO library URL"):
+        _node_key(name, None, None)
+
+
+def test_node_key_name_with_equals_but_no_url_is_registry():
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("FOO=BAR", "1.0", None)
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == ("FOO=BAR", "registry", (None, "FOO=BAR"))
+
+
+def test_node_key_version_url_still_ignored_when_name_plain():
+    # A version that is a URL is handled by the dependency walk, not here;
+    # a plain name must stay a registry spec regardless of version shape.
+    key, kind, _locator = _node_key("bar", "https://github.com/foo/bar", None)
+    assert (key, kind) == ("bar", "registry")
+
+
 def test_node_key_registry_owner_name():
-    key, is_git, locator = _node_key("foo/bar", "^1.0.0", None)
-    assert (key, is_git, locator) == ("foo/bar", False, ("foo", "bar"))
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("foo/bar", "^1.0.0", None)
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == ("foo/bar", "registry", ("foo", "bar"))
 
 
 def test_node_key_registry_bare_name():
-    key, is_git, locator = _node_key("bar", "1.0", None)
-    assert (key, is_git, locator) == ("bar", False, (None, "bar"))
+    key, kind, locator = _node_key("bar", "1.0", None)
+    assert (key, kind, locator) == ("bar", "registry", (None, "bar"))
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_none():
-    assert _normalize_dependencies(None) == []
+    assert normalize_dependencies(None) == []
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_list_form():
     deps = [{"name": "foo", "version": "1.0"}]
-    assert _normalize_dependencies(deps) == [{"name": "foo", "version": "1.0"}]
+    assert normalize_dependencies(deps) == [{"name": "foo", "version": "1.0"}]
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_dict_form():
-    out = _normalize_dependencies({"nanopb/Nanopb": "^0.4.91", "BareName": "1.2.3"})
+    out = normalize_dependencies({"nanopb/Nanopb": "^0.4.91", "BareName": "1.2.3"})
     assert {"name": "Nanopb", "owner": "nanopb", "version": "^0.4.91"} in out
     assert {"name": "BareName", "owner": None, "version": "1.2.3"} in out
 
 
 def test_normalize_dependencies_dict_form_nested_spec():
-    out = _normalize_dependencies(
+    out = normalize_dependencies(
         {"nanopb/Nanopb": {"version": "^0.4.91", "platforms": "espidf"}}
     )
     assert out == [
@@ -438,7 +660,7 @@ def _patch_registry(monkeypatch, versions):
 
 def test_resolve_registry_version_intersects_constraints(monkeypatch):
     _patch_registry(monkeypatch, ["1.10018.1", "1.10021.0", "1.10021.1"])
-    owner, name, version, url = _resolve_registry_version(
+    owner, name, version, url, _size = _resolve_registry_version(
         "esphome", "libsodium", {"==1.10021.0", "^1.10018.1"}
     )
     assert (owner, name, version) == ("esphome", "libsodium", "1.10021.0")
@@ -447,7 +669,9 @@ def test_resolve_registry_version_intersects_constraints(monkeypatch):
 
 def test_resolve_registry_version_picks_highest_satisfying(monkeypatch):
     _patch_registry(monkeypatch, ["1.0.0", "1.5.0", "2.0.0"])
-    _owner, _name, version, _url = _resolve_registry_version("o", "p", {"^1.0.0"})
+    _owner, _name, version, _url, _size = _resolve_registry_version(
+        "o", "p", {"^1.0.0"}
+    )
     assert version == "1.5.0"
 
 
@@ -481,7 +705,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_dedupes_shared_dependency(
         "esphome/C": {"name": "C"},
     }
 
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         (self.path / "src" / "x.c").write_text("int x;")
@@ -497,7 +721,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_dedupes_shared_dependency(
         resolve_calls.append(pkgname)
         captured[f"{owner}/{pkgname}"] = set(requirements)
         version = "1.10021.0" if pkgname == "C" else "1.0.0"
-        return owner, pkgname, version, f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz"
+        return owner, pkgname, version, f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz", None
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         esphome.platformio.library, "_resolve_registry_version", fake_resolve
@@ -543,7 +767,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_lib_ignore_filters_top_level_and_dependencies(
 
     download_salts: list[str] = []
 
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         download_salts.append(salt)
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -556,7 +780,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_lib_ignore_filters_top_level_and_dependencies(
 
     def fake_resolve(owner, pkgname, requirements):
         resolve_calls.append(pkgname)
-        return owner, pkgname, "1.0.0", f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz"
+        return owner, pkgname, "1.0.0", f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz", None
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         esphome.platformio.library, "_resolve_registry_version", fake_resolve
@@ -597,7 +821,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_handles_dependency_cycle(
         },
     }
 
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         (self.path / "src" / "x.c").write_text("int x;")
@@ -612,6 +836,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_handles_dependency_cycle(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -654,7 +879,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_git_overrides_registry_warns(
         "esphome/shared": {"name": "shared"},
     }
 
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         (self.path / "src" / "x.c").write_text("int x;")
@@ -669,6 +894,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_git_overrides_registry_warns(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -691,7 +917,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_missing_manifest_raises(
 ) -> None:
     # A library with neither library.json nor library.properties is invalid;
     # fail loudly rather than silently generating build files for it.
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         # no library.json / library.properties written
@@ -705,6 +931,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_missing_manifest_raises(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -733,7 +960,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_warns_on_noncanonical_duplicate(
         "owner/shared": {"name": "shared"},
     }
 
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         (self.path / "src" / "x.c").write_text("int x;")
@@ -749,6 +976,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_warns_on_noncanonical_duplicate(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -766,7 +994,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_incompatible_top_level_raises(
 ) -> None:
     # A top-level library that isn't ESP-IDF/esp32 compatible must fail fast,
     # not be silently dropped.
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         (self.path / "library.json").write_text(
@@ -782,6 +1010,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_incompatible_top_level_raises(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -804,7 +1033,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_incompatible_dependency_skipped(
         "esphome/B": {"name": "B", "platforms": ["espressif8266"]},
     }
 
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
         self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
         (self.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         (self.path / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifests[self.name]))
@@ -818,6 +1047,7 @@ def test_generate_idf_components_incompatible_dependency_skipped(
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -847,6 +1077,13 @@ def test_url_source_salt_changes_cache_path(
     assert source.download("lib") == expected[""]
     assert source.download("lib", salt="abcd1234") == expected["abcd1234"]
 
+    # A backend namespace adds a pio_components/<namespace>/ subdir.
+    digest = hashlib.sha256(url.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
+    ns_expected = base / "idf" / digest / "lib"
+    ns_expected.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (ns_expected / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    assert source.download("lib", namespace="idf") == ns_expected
+
 
 def test_git_source_salt_scopes_domain(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     """The salt becomes a subdirectory of the git clone domain."""
@@ -863,7 +1100,14 @@ def test_git_source_salt_scopes_domain(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     source = GitSource("https://github.com/esphome/noise-c.git", "v1.0")
     source.download("noise-c")
     source.download("noise-c", salt="abcd1234")
-    assert domains == ["pio_components", "pio_components/abcd1234"]
+    source.download("noise-c", namespace="idf")
+    source.download("noise-c", namespace="zephyr", salt="abcd1234")
+    assert domains == [
+        "pio_components",
+        "pio_components/abcd1234",
+        "pio_components/idf",
+        "pio_components/zephyr/abcd1234",
+    ]
 
 
 def test_idf_component_download_passes_salt() -> None:
@@ -873,7 +1117,39 @@ def test_idf_component_download_passes_salt() -> None:
     source.download.return_value = Path("/converted/owner/name")
 
     c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=source)
-    c.download(force=True, salt="abcd1234")
+    c.download(force=True, salt="abcd1234", namespace="idf")
 
-    source.download.assert_called_once_with("owner/name", force=True, salt="abcd1234")
+    source.download.assert_called_once_with(
+        "owner/name", force=True, salt="abcd1234", namespace="idf"
+    )
     assert c.path == Path("/converted/owner/name")
+
+
+def test_emit_idf_component_wires_esp32_target(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Emitting a component resolves the esp32 variant into the shared
+    extraScript helper."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(esp32_module, "get_esp32_variant", lambda: "ESP32")
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env.get('BOARD_MCU')])\n")
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    _emit_idf_component(c)
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lesp32"]
+
+
+def test_build_flags_dangling_flag_does_not_cross_entries(
+    tmp_path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Each entry is lexed independently, as ParseFlags does: a dangling -I ending one
+    entry warns instead of absorbing the next entry's first token."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": ["-Wall -I", "-DFOO=1"]}}
+    content = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+    assert "FOO=1" in content
+    assert "-I-DFOO" not in content
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-I'" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py
index f3e160925a..45a971ca01 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_framework.py
@@ -2,36 +2,48 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+import importlib.util
 import io
 import json
 import logging
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import runpy
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import tarfile
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.espidf.framework import (
+    ESPHOME_STAMP_FILE,
+    STAMP_SCHEMA_VERSION,
     _ccache_env,
+    _check_esphome_idf_framework_install,
     _check_stamp,
     _check_windows_path_length,
     _clone_idf_with_submodules,
     _get_framework_path,
     _get_idf_tool_paths,
-    _get_idf_tools_path,
     _get_idf_version,
     _get_python_env_path,
     _get_python_version,
     _parse_git_source,
+    _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools,
     _patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64,
+    _prefetch_idf_tool_archives,
+    _read_stamp,
+    _stamp_covers,
     _windows_long_paths_enabled,
     _write_idf_version_txt,
     _write_stamp,
     check_esp_idf_install,
     get_framework_env,
+    get_idf_tools_path,
 )
 from esphome.framework_helpers import _tar_extract_all, get_python_env_executable_path
 
@@ -131,10 +143,17 @@ def test_parse_git_source_rejected(source: str) -> None:
     assert _parse_git_source(source) is None
 
 
-def _make_idf_tree(framework_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Create the minimum tree _clone_idf_with_submodules sanity-checks for."""
+def _make_idf_tree(framework_path: Path, *, gitmodules: bool = True) -> None:
+    """Create the minimum tree _clone_idf_with_submodules sanity-checks for.
+
+    ``gitmodules=False`` simulates a fork that vendors components in-tree
+    instead of declaring submodules; update_submodules skips the git call
+    when that file is missing.
+    """
     (framework_path / "tools").mkdir(parents=True)
     (framework_path / "tools" / "idf_tools.py").write_text("# stub\n")
+    if gitmodules:
+        (framework_path / ".gitmodules").write_text("# stub\n")
 
 
 def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_without_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -160,6 +179,11 @@ def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_without_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert calls[-1][:5] == ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive"]
     assert not any(c[1] == "fetch" for c in calls)
     assert not any(c[1] == "reset" for c in calls)
+    # The clone must retry transient network failures and clean up a
+    # partial destination between attempts
+    clone_kwargs = run_git_command_mock.call_args_list[0].kwargs
+    assert clone_kwargs["network"] is True
+    assert clone_kwargs["retry_cleanup"] == framework_path
 
 
 def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_with_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -187,6 +211,13 @@ def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_with_ref(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     ]
     assert calls[2] == ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"]
     assert calls[3][:5] == ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive"]
+    # Clone and fetch talk to the network and must carry the retry flag;
+    # the local reset must not
+    kwargs = [c.kwargs for c in run_git_command_mock.call_args_list]
+    assert kwargs[0]["network"] is True
+    assert kwargs[0]["retry_cleanup"] == framework_path
+    assert kwargs[1]["network"] is True
+    assert "network" not in kwargs[2]
 
 
 def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_raises_when_tree_missing(
@@ -208,6 +239,28 @@ def test_clone_idf_with_submodules_raises_when_tree_missing(
         )
 
 
+def test_clone_idf_accepts_flattened_fork_without_gitmodules(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A fork that vendors components in-tree instead of as submodules is valid.
+
+    No .gitmodules means the submodule step is skipped entirely.
+    """
+    framework_path = tmp_path / "idf"
+    framework_path.mkdir()
+    _make_idf_tree(framework_path, gitmodules=False)
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.run_git_command", return_value="") as run_git_command_mock:
+        _clone_idf_with_submodules(
+            framework_path,
+            "https://github.com/example/flattened-esp-idf.git",
+            None,
+        )
+
+    calls = [c.args[0] for c in run_git_command_mock.call_args_list]
+    assert not any(c[1] == "submodule" for c in calls)
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helpers for _tar_extract_all hard-link prefix-stripping tests
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -310,19 +363,35 @@ class TestTarExtractHardLinkPrefixStripping:
 _IDF_VERSION = "5.1.2"
 
 
+def _fake_download_from_mirrors(
+    mirrors: list[str],
+    substitutions: dict[str, str],
+    target: object,
+    **kwargs: object,
+) -> str:
+    """Stand-in for download_from_mirrors that creates path targets, since
+    the framework code opens the downloaded tarball afterwards."""
+    path = Path(target)
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.touch()
+    return "https://example.com/idf.tar.xz"
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def espidf_mocks(setup_core: Path):
     """Patch the heavy I/O of check_esp_idf_install and pre-create the framework dir."""
     # archive_extract_all is mocked, so pre-create the framework dir that the
     # extracted-marker touch writes into.
     _get_framework_path(_IDF_VERSION).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # One mock covers the tarball (via framework_helpers.download_and_extract)
+    # and the constraints file (espidf-bound download_from_mirrors), so call
+    # counts and ordering assertions span the two.
+    download = MagicMock(side_effect=_fake_download_from_mirrors)
     with (
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.rmdir"),
-        patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_from_mirrors",
-            return_value="https://example.com/idf.tar.xz",
-        ) as download,
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.archive_extract_all") as extract,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.rmdir") as rmdir_mock,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.download_from_mirrors", download),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_from_mirrors", download),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.archive_extract_all") as extract,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.create_venv") as venv,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.run_command_ok", return_value=True) as run_ok,
         patch(
@@ -331,8 +400,11 @@ def espidf_mocks(setup_core: Path):
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._clone_idf_with_submodules") as clone,
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._write_idf_version_txt"),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework._patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework._prefetch_idf_tool_archives"),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._write_stamp"),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._check_stamp", return_value=True),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework._stamp_covers", return_value=True),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_version", return_value=_IDF_VERSION),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._get_python_version", return_value="3.11.0"),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
@@ -344,6 +416,7 @@ def espidf_mocks(setup_core: Path):
             run_ok=run_ok,
             tool_paths=tool_paths,
             clone=clone,
+            rmdir=rmdir_mock,
         )
 
 
@@ -358,6 +431,27 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_fresh(espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace) -> None:
     espidf_mocks.extract.assert_called_once()
     espidf_mocks.venv.assert_called_once()
     espidf_mocks.clone.assert_not_called()
+    # the tool download cache (<IDF_TOOLS_PATH>/dist) is pruned after install
+    espidf_mocks.rmdir.assert_any_call(
+        get_idf_tools_path() / "dist", msg="Remove ESP-IDF tool download cache"
+    )
+
+
+def test_check_esp_idf_install_dist_prune_failure_ignored(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
+) -> None:
+    """A failure to prune the tool download cache must not fail the install."""
+    tools_dist = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist"
+
+    def rmdir_side_effect(directory: Path, msg: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if directory == tools_dist:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot remove dist")
+
+    espidf_mocks.rmdir.side_effect = rmdir_side_effect
+
+    # install still succeeds despite the failed prune
+    framework_path, _ = check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True)
+    assert framework_path == _get_framework_path(_IDF_VERSION)
 
 
 def test_check_esp_idf_install_git_source(espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace) -> None:
@@ -389,6 +483,20 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_already_installed(espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace)
     espidf_mocks.venv.assert_not_called()
 
 
+def test_corrupt_tarball_removed_when_extraction_fails(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
+) -> None:
+    """A tarball that fails to extract (e.g. torn by an unclean shutdown) is
+    deleted so the next run re-downloads instead of failing forever."""
+    espidf_mocks.extract.side_effect = RuntimeError("xz: unexpected end of input")
+    tarball = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist" / f"esp-idf-{_IDF_VERSION}.tar.xz"
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="unexpected end of input"):
+        check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True)
+
+    assert not tarball.exists()
+
+
 def test_check_esp_idf_install_framework_failure(espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace) -> None:
     """A failing idf_tools install raises."""
     espidf_mocks.run_ok.side_effect = [False]
@@ -426,13 +534,17 @@ def _mark_installed() -> None:
 def test_check_esp_idf_install_stamp_mismatch_reinstalls(
     espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
 ) -> None:
-    """A stamp mismatch reinstalls tools (marker present, so no re-extract)."""
+    """A stamp mismatch reinstalls tools (marker present, so no re-extract).
+
+    The python env is left alone: it depends on the framework version and
+    features, not on which toolchains are installed.
+    """
     _mark_installed()
-    with patch("esphome.espidf.framework._check_stamp", return_value=False):
+    with patch("esphome.espidf.framework._stamp_covers", return_value=False):
         check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION)
 
     espidf_mocks.extract.assert_not_called()  # marker present -> no re-extract
-    espidf_mocks.venv.assert_called_once()  # tools reinstall -> venv rebuilt
+    espidf_mocks.venv.assert_not_called()  # tools-only install -> venv kept
 
 
 def test_check_esp_idf_install_check_command_failure_reinstalls(
@@ -445,7 +557,7 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_check_command_failure_reinstalls(
     check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, features=["fb"])
 
     espidf_mocks.extract.assert_not_called()
-    espidf_mocks.venv.assert_called_once()
+    espidf_mocks.venv.assert_not_called()  # tools-only install -> venv kept
 
 
 def test_check_esp_idf_install_unknown_python_version_reinstalls(
@@ -465,8 +577,8 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_python_stamp_mismatch_rebuilds_venv(
 ) -> None:
     """Framework stamp matches but the python-env stamp does not -> venv rebuilt."""
 
-    # _check_stamp passes for the framework (no python_version key) and fails
-    # for the python env (carries python_version), so only the venv rebuilds.
+    # _check_stamp only guards the python env now (the framework uses
+    # _stamp_covers, patched True by the fixture); failing it rebuilds the venv.
     def stamp_ok(_stamp_file, info: dict) -> bool:
         return "python_version" not in info
 
@@ -478,6 +590,174 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_python_stamp_mismatch_rebuilds_venv(
     espidf_mocks.venv.assert_called_once()
 
 
+def _requested_stamp(targets: list[str], tools: list[str] | None = None) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "schema_version": STAMP_SCHEMA_VERSION,
+        "targets": targets,
+        "tools": tools or ["required"],
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("stored", "targets", "expected"),
+    [
+        # a stored "all" covers any target
+        (_requested_stamp(["all"]), ["esp32"], True),
+        # exact match and superset both cover
+        (_requested_stamp(["esp32"]), ["esp32"], True),
+        (_requested_stamp(["esp32", "esp32c3"]), ["esp32"], True),
+        # a new target is not covered
+        (_requested_stamp(["esp32"]), ["esp32c3"], False),
+        # tools and schema_version must match exactly
+        (_requested_stamp(["all"], tools=["cmake", "required"]), ["esp32"], False),
+        (_requested_stamp(["all"]) | {"schema_version": "no"}, ["esp32"], False),
+        # an unknown extra field participates in invalidation by default
+        (_requested_stamp(["all"]) | {"module_version": 1}, ["esp32"], False),
+        # missing/corrupt stamps never cover
+        (None, ["esp32"], False),
+        (
+            {"schema_version": STAMP_SCHEMA_VERSION, "tools": ["required"]},
+            ["esp32"],
+            False,
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_stamp_covers(stored: dict | None, targets: list[str], expected: bool) -> None:
+    assert _stamp_covers(stored, _requested_stamp(targets)) is expected
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _framework_install_patches():
+    """Patches for calling _check_esphome_idf_framework_install directly with
+    real stamp files (unlike espidf_mocks, which stubs the stamp layer)."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.run_command_ok", return_value=True) as run_ok,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tool_paths", return_value=([], {})),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.rmdir"),
+    ):
+        yield run_ok
+
+
+def _extracted_framework_with_stamp(stamp: dict) -> Path:
+    framework_path = _get_framework_path(_IDF_VERSION)
+    framework_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (framework_path / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    _write_stamp(framework_path / ESPHOME_STAMP_FILE, stamp)
+    return framework_path
+
+
+def test_framework_install_target_subset_skips_install() -> None:
+    """A stamp holding a superset of the requested targets skips the installer."""
+    framework_path = _extracted_framework_with_stamp(_requested_stamp(["all"]))
+
+    with _framework_install_patches() as run_ok:
+        _, fresh_extract = _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
+            _IDF_VERSION, ["esp32"], ["required"]
+        )
+
+    run_ok.assert_not_called()
+    assert fresh_extract is False
+    # the stamp is untouched
+    stamp = json.loads((framework_path / ESPHOME_STAMP_FILE).read_text())
+    assert stamp["targets"] == ["all"]
+
+
+def test_framework_install_new_target_installs_and_merges_stamp() -> None:
+    """A new target runs the installer for just that target and the stamp
+    records the union of everything installed so far."""
+    framework_path = _extracted_framework_with_stamp(_requested_stamp(["esp32"]))
+
+    with _framework_install_patches() as run_ok:
+        _, fresh_extract = _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(
+            _IDF_VERSION, ["esp32c3"], ["required"]
+        )
+
+    assert fresh_extract is False
+    assert "--targets=esp32c3" in run_ok.call_args[0][0]
+    stamp = json.loads((framework_path / ESPHOME_STAMP_FILE).read_text())
+    assert stamp["targets"] == ["esp32", "esp32c3"]
+
+
+def test_check_esp_idf_install_env_targets_override_wins(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
+) -> None:
+    """An explicitly set ESPHOME_IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS overrides per-variant targets."""
+    with patch("esphome.espidf.framework._IDF_DEFAULT_TARGETS_EXPLICIT", True):
+        check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True, targets=["esp32"])
+
+    install_cmd = espidf_mocks.run_ok.call_args_list[0][0][0]
+    assert "--targets=all" in install_cmd
+
+
+def test_check_esp_idf_install_uses_requested_targets(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
+) -> None:
+    """Without the env override, the caller's per-variant targets are installed."""
+    check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True, targets=["esp32"])
+
+    install_cmd = espidf_mocks.run_ok.call_args_list[0][0][0]
+    assert "--targets=esp32" in install_cmd
+
+
+def test_framework_install_all_request_collapses_merged_stamp_to_all() -> None:
+    """Requesting "all" over a per-variant stamp merges and collapses to
+    ["all"], not ["all", "esp32"], so the stamp shape stays canonical."""
+    framework_path = _extracted_framework_with_stamp(_requested_stamp(["esp32"]))
+
+    with _framework_install_patches() as run_ok:
+        _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(_IDF_VERSION, ["all"], ["required"])
+
+    run_ok.assert_called_once()
+    stamp = json.loads((framework_path / ESPHOME_STAMP_FILE).read_text())
+    assert stamp["targets"] == ["all"]
+
+
+def test_framework_install_tools_change_resets_stamp_targets() -> None:
+    """A reinstall triggered by a tools change must not carry the old stamp's
+    targets forward: the installer only ran for this build's targets, so a
+    merged stamp would let other variants skip the reinstall they need."""
+    framework_path = _extracted_framework_with_stamp(
+        _requested_stamp(["all"], tools=["cmake", "required"])
+    )
+
+    with _framework_install_patches() as run_ok:
+        _check_esphome_idf_framework_install(_IDF_VERSION, ["esp32"], ["required"])
+
+    run_ok.assert_called_once()
+    stamp = json.loads((framework_path / ESPHOME_STAMP_FILE).read_text())
+    assert stamp["targets"] == ["esp32"]
+    assert stamp["tools"] == ["required"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("lib", "expect_hint"),
+    [
+        (None, True),
+        ("libusb-1.0.so.0", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_check_esp_idf_install_failure_libusb_hint(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    lib: str | None,
+    expect_hint: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed tools install only shows the libusb hint when libusb-1.0 is
+    actually missing."""
+    espidf_mocks.run_ok.return_value = False
+    # Fake Linux so the gate is exercised on all CI hosts; faking Linux is safe
+    # everywhere (unlike faking Windows, which pulls in winreg on other hosts)
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.find_library", return_value=lib),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.platform.system", return_value="Linux"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="esphome.espidf.framework"),
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="framework installation failure"),
+    ):
+        check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True)
+    assert ("libusb-1.0.so.0 was not found" in caplog.text) == expect_hint
+
+
 def test_check_esp_idf_install_unparseable_version(
     espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
 ) -> None:
@@ -489,6 +769,29 @@ def test_check_esp_idf_install_unparseable_version(
     espidf_mocks.extract.assert_called_once()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("version", "short_version"),
+    [
+        ("6.0.0", "6.0"),
+        ("6.0.0-rc1", "6.0-rc1"),
+        ("5.5.4", None),  # vX.Y tags only exist for X.Y.0 releases
+    ],
+)
+def test_check_esp_idf_install_short_version_substitution(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace, version: str, short_version: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """SHORT_VERSION is only offered for x.y.0 releases, so the vX.Y mirror
+    template is never tried for versions whose tag cannot exist."""
+    _get_framework_path(version).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    check_esp_idf_install(version, force=True)
+
+    # First call downloads the framework archive; a later call fetches the
+    # constraints file with its own substitutions.
+    substitutions = espidf_mocks.download.call_args_list[0][0][1]
+    assert substitutions.get("SHORT_VERSION") == short_version
+    assert substitutions["VERSION"] == version
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # _patch_tools_json_for_linux_arm64 (arm64-only ninja backport)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -561,6 +864,578 @@ def test_patch_tools_json_already_patched_is_noop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == before
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _prefetch_idf_tool_archives
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+_PREFETCH_JSON = json.dumps(
+    [
+        {
+            "name": "cmake@3.30.2",
+            "url": "https://example.com/cmake.tar.gz",
+            "size": 123,
+            "sha256": "ab" * 32,
+            "dest": "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz",
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "ninja@1.12.1",
+            "url": "https://example.com/ninja.zip",
+            "size": 45,
+            "sha256": "cd" * 32,
+            "dest": "ninja.zip",
+        },
+    ]
+)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_leaves_unverifiable_entries_to_the_installer(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An entry missing sha256 or size must not download unverified; the
+    installer handles it and fails loudly on a bad archive."""
+    entries = json.loads(_PREFETCH_JSON)
+    del entries[0]["sha256"]
+    del entries[1]["size"]
+    entries.append(
+        {
+            "name": "gcc@14.2.0",
+            "url": "https://example.com/gcc.tar.gz",
+            "size": 67,
+            "sha256": "ef" * 32,
+            "dest": "gcc.tar.gz",
+        }
+    )
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress") as progress_cls,
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    assert [call[0][0] for call in download.call_args_list] == [
+        "https://example.com/gcc.tar.gz"
+    ]
+    assert download.call_args[1]["sha256"] == "ef" * 32
+    progress_cls.assert_called_once_with("Downloading ESP-IDF tools", 67)
+    assert "cmake@3.30.2 has no sha256/size" in caplog.text
+    assert "ninja@1.12.1 has no sha256/size" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_all_entries_unverifiable_is_a_noop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    entries = json.loads(_PREFETCH_JSON)
+    for entry in entries:
+        del entry["sha256"]
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_dedupes_entries_by_dest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Two entries resolving to one dest would interleave writes into the
+    same .part file; only the first downloads."""
+    entries = json.loads(_PREFETCH_JSON)
+    dup = dict(entries[0]) | {"name": "cmake-alias@3.30.2"}
+    entries.append(dup)
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    dests = [call[0][1].name for call in download.call_args_list]
+    assert dests.count("cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz") == 1
+
+
+def test_prefetch_downloads_each_archive_with_resume(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress") as progress_cls,
+    ):
+        # Materialize the lazy mock before threads race its first creation
+        tracker = progress_cls.return_value.tracker.return_value
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    dist = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist"
+    # Archives download concurrently, so the call order is not fixed.
+    calls = {call[0]: call[1] for call in download.call_args_list}
+    assert set(calls) == {
+        ("https://example.com/cmake.tar.gz", dist / "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz"),
+        ("https://example.com/ninja.zip", dist / "ninja.zip"),
+    }
+    kwargs = calls[("https://example.com/cmake.tar.gz", dist / "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz")]
+    assert kwargs["sha256"] == "ab" * 32
+    assert kwargs["size"] == 123
+    # every archive reports into the one combined progress bar via the
+    # cancellation-checked wrapper; verify it delegates to the tracker
+    progress_cls.assert_called_once_with("Downloading ESP-IDF tools", 123 + 45)
+    before = tracker.call_count
+    for kw in calls.values():
+        kw["progress"](7)
+    assert tracker.call_count == before + len(calls)
+
+
+def test_prefetch_downloads_archives_concurrently(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """More than one archive fans out over a bounded thread pool."""
+    entries = [
+        {
+            "name": f"tool{i}@1",
+            "url": f"https://example.com/tool{i}.tar.gz",
+            "size": 10,
+            "sha256": "ab" * 32,
+            "dest": f"tool{i}.tar.gz",
+        }
+        for i in range(6)
+    ]
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, json.dumps(entries), ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.ThreadPoolExecutor", wraps=ThreadPoolExecutor
+        ) as pool,
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    pool.assert_called_once_with(max_workers=4)
+    assert download.call_count == 6
+
+
+def test_prefetch_skips_already_downloaded_archives(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dist = get_idf_tools_path() / "dist"
+    dist.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (dist / "cmake-3.30.2.tar.gz").write_bytes(b"cached")
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume") as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    # only the missing archive is downloaded
+    assert download.call_count == 1
+    assert download.call_args[0][1] == dist / "ninja.zip"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("run_result", "download_error", "expected_log"),
+    [
+        ((False, "", "script exploded"), None, "tool downloads"),  # script failure
+        ((True, "{ not json", ""), None, "prefetch failed"),  # unparsable output
+        (
+            (True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+            OSError("network down"),
+            "Could not prefetch",
+        ),  # download failure
+    ],
+)
+def test_prefetch_failures_never_raise(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    run_result: tuple[bool, str, str],
+    download_error: Exception | None,
+    expected_log: str,
+) -> None:
+    """The prefetch is best-effort; idf_tools downloads whatever is missing."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.run_command", return_value=run_result),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=download_error,
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    assert expected_log in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_total_failure_logs_error(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Every archive failing is a systematic fault (proxy, bad kwarg), not
+    a flaky mirror; it must be distinguishable at ERROR because the resume
+    workaround is off for the whole install."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=OSError("proxy refuses everything"),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+    assert "Every ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_one_failed_archive_does_not_stop_the_rest(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A single archive failing its download must not abort the prefetch of
+    the remaining archives."""
+
+    def _fail_cmake_download(url: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if "cmake" in url:
+            raise OSError("network down")
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume",
+            side_effect=_fail_cmake_download,
+        ) as download,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    assert download.call_count == 2
+    assert "Could not prefetch cmake@3.30.2" in caplog.text
+    # One flaky archive is routine, never the systematic-fault ERROR
+    assert "Every ESP-IDF tool prefetch failed" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_finishes_progress_bar_and_cancels_queue(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The batch bar is closed out after the pool, and the pool is shut down
+    with cancel_futures so Ctrl-C does not drain every queued archive."""
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command",
+            return_value=(True, _PREFETCH_JSON, ""),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.download_with_resume"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers._BatchDownloadProgress") as progress_cls,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ThreadPoolExecutor") as pool_cls,
+    ):
+        pool = MagicMock(wraps=ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2))
+        pool_cls.return_value = pool
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(tmp_path, "esp32", ["required"], None)
+
+    pool.shutdown.assert_called_once_with(wait=True, cancel_futures=True)
+    progress_cls.return_value.done.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_passes_targets_and_tools_to_script(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.run_command", return_value=(True, "[]", "")
+        ) as run,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_system_python_path", return_value="python"),
+    ):
+        _prefetch_idf_tool_archives(
+            tmp_path, "esp32,esp32c3", ["required", "cmake"], {"IDF_TOOLS_PATH": "/x"}
+        )
+
+    cmd = run.call_args[0][0]
+    assert cmd[-3:] == ["esp32,esp32c3", "required", "cmake"]
+    assert cmd[1].endswith("get_tool_downloads.py")
+    # the script inherits the caller's env plus the framework tools PYTHONPATH
+    env = run.call_args[1]["env"]
+    assert env["IDF_TOOLS_PATH"] == "/x"
+    assert env["PYTHONPATH"] == str(tmp_path / "tools")
+
+
+def test_framework_install_prefetches_before_installer(
+    espidf_mocks: SimpleNamespace,
+) -> None:
+    """The prefetch runs before idf_tools.py install so the installer finds
+    the archives already in dist/."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.espidf.framework._prefetch_idf_tool_archives",
+            side_effect=lambda *a, **k: calls.append("prefetch"),
+        ),
+    ):
+        espidf_mocks.run_ok.side_effect = lambda *a, **k: (
+            calls.append("install") or True
+        )
+        check_esp_idf_install(_IDF_VERSION, force=True)
+
+    assert calls.index("prefetch") < calls.index("install")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_tool_downloads.py (against the stub idf_tools module in fixtures/)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+_IDF_TOOLS_STUB_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "idf_tools_stub"
+
+
+def _run_downloads_script(
+    tmp_path: Path, *args: str, env_extra: dict[str, str] | None = None
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    """Run the real get_tool_downloads.py against the stub idf_tools module."""
+    script = Path(__file__).parents[2] / "esphome" / "espidf" / "get_tool_downloads.py"
+    env = os.environ | {
+        "PYTHONPATH": str(_IDF_TOOLS_STUB_DIR),
+        "IDF_TOOLS_PATH": str(tmp_path / "tp"),
+    }
+    if env_extra:
+        env |= env_extra
+    return subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, str(script), str(tmp_path / "fw"), *args],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        env=env,
+        check=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_tool_downloads_lists_missing_tools(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Installed versions are skipped, tools that fail their binary check are
+    still listed, rename_dist decides the dist filename, and idf_tools' stdout
+    chatter stays off the JSON channel."""
+    result = _run_downloads_script(tmp_path, "esp32", "required")
+
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    downloads = {d["name"]: d for d in json.loads(result.stdout)}
+    # installed-tool@1.0 is already installed and must not be listed
+    assert set(downloads) == {"cmake@3.30.2", "ninja@1.12.1", "broken-tool@2.0"}
+    assert downloads["cmake@3.30.2"]["dest"] == "cmake.tar.gz"
+    assert downloads["cmake@3.30.2"]["size"] == 11
+    assert downloads["cmake@3.30.2"]["sha256"] == "aa"
+    # rename_dist overrides the URL basename
+    assert downloads["ninja@1.12.1"]["dest"] == "ninja-v1.zip"
+    # the stub prints informational lines; they must be on stderr
+    assert "Changed download URL" in result.stderr
+
+
+def test_get_tool_downloads_applies_mirror_rewrite(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    result = _run_downloads_script(
+        tmp_path,
+        "esp32",
+        "required",
+        env_extra={"TEST_MIRROR_PREFIX": "https://mirror.test/"},
+    )
+
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    downloads = json.loads(result.stdout)
+    assert all(d["url"].startswith("https://mirror.test/") for d in downloads)
+
+
+def _run_downloads_inprocess(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    *args: str,
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """Execute get_tool_downloads.py in-process against the stub idf_tools.
+
+    Unlike the subprocess variant this runs under coverage, exercising the
+    script's own lines.
+    """
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+        "idf_tools", _IDF_TOOLS_STUB_DIR / "idf_tools.py"
+    )
+    stub = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(stub)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "idf_tools", stub)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("IDF_TOOLS_PATH", str(tmp_path / "tp"))
+    script = Path(__file__).parents[2] / "esphome" / "espidf" / "get_tool_downloads.py"
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", [str(script), str(tmp_path / "fw"), *args])
+    runpy.run_path(str(script))
+    return json.loads(capsys.readouterr().out)
+
+
+def test_get_tool_downloads_inprocess_full_flow(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """In-process run covering the whole script: required expansion,
+    installed/broken tools, rename_dist, and version pinning via tool@version."""
+    downloads = {
+        d["name"]: d
+        for d in _run_downloads_inprocess(
+            tmp_path, monkeypatch, capsys, "esp32", "required"
+        )
+    }
+    assert set(downloads) == {"cmake@3.30.2", "ninja@1.12.1", "broken-tool@2.0"}
+    assert downloads["ninja@1.12.1"]["dest"] == "ninja-v1.zip"
+    assert downloads["cmake@3.30.2"]["url"] == "https://gh.test/cmake.tar.gz"
+
+
+def test_get_tool_downloads_inprocess_explicit_tool_specs(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Explicit tool names and tool@version specs resolve; unknown tools and
+    unknown versions are skipped."""
+    downloads = _run_downloads_inprocess(
+        tmp_path,
+        monkeypatch,
+        capsys,
+        "esp32",
+        "cmake@3.30.2",
+        "no-such-tool",
+        "cmake@9.9.9",
+    )
+    assert [d["name"] for d in downloads] == ["cmake@3.30.2"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools (openocd, gdb, ULP toolchain optional)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_demote_unused_tools_patches_install_type(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    tools_json = _write_tools_json(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "tools": [
+                {"name": "openocd-esp32", "install": "always"},
+                {"name": "xtensa-esp-elf-gdb", "install": "always"},
+                {"name": "riscv32-esp-elf-gdb", "install": "always"},
+                {"name": "esp32ulp-elf", "install": "always"},
+                {"name": "xtensa-esp-elf", "install": "always"},
+                {"name": "esp-rom-elfs", "install": "always"},
+            ]
+        },
+    )
+    _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(tmp_path)
+
+    data = json.loads(tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    install_types = {t["name"]: t["install"] for t in data["tools"]}
+    assert install_types == {
+        "openocd-esp32": "on_request",
+        "xtensa-esp-elf-gdb": "on_request",
+        "riscv32-esp-elf-gdb": "on_request",
+        "esp32ulp-elf": "on_request",
+        # the compiler toolchain and ROM ELFs stay required
+        "xtensa-esp-elf": "always",
+        "esp-rom-elfs": "always",
+    }
+
+
+def test_demote_unused_tools_drops_xtensa_from_riscv_targets(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """riscv32-esp-elf loses the xtensa chips (ULP-RISC-V only, which ESPHome
+    never builds) but keeps its RISC-V targets; other tools are untouched."""
+    tools_json = _write_tools_json(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "tools": [
+                {
+                    "name": "riscv32-esp-elf",
+                    "install": "always",
+                    "supported_targets": ["esp32s2", "esp32s3", "esp32c3", "esp32p4"],
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "xtensa-esp-elf",
+                    "install": "always",
+                    "supported_targets": ["esp32", "esp32s2", "esp32s3"],
+                },
+            ]
+        },
+    )
+    _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(tmp_path)
+
+    data = json.loads(tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    riscv = next(t for t in data["tools"] if t["name"] == "riscv32-esp-elf")
+    xtensa = next(t for t in data["tools"] if t["name"] == "xtensa-esp-elf")
+    assert riscv["supported_targets"] == ["esp32c3", "esp32p4"]
+    assert riscv["install"] == "always"
+    assert xtensa["supported_targets"] == ["esp32", "esp32s2", "esp32s3"]
+
+
+def test_demote_unused_tools_bad_supported_targets_type_still_demotes(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A non-list supported_targets on riscv32-esp-elf must not abort the
+    other demotions; the targets patch is best-effort and logs the skip so a
+    silently resumed riscv download is diagnosable."""
+    tools_json = _write_tools_json(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "tools": [
+                {
+                    "name": "riscv32-esp-elf",
+                    "install": "always",
+                    "supported_targets": None,
+                },
+                {"name": "openocd-esp32", "install": "always"},
+            ]
+        },
+    )
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.espidf.framework"):
+        _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(tmp_path)
+
+    data = json.loads(tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    openocd = next(t for t in data["tools"] if t["name"] == "openocd-esp32")
+    riscv = next(t for t in data["tools"] if t["name"] == "riscv32-esp-elf")
+    assert openocd["install"] == "on_request"
+    assert riscv["supported_targets"] is None
+    assert "Unexpected supported_targets" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_patch_tools_json_unexpected_structure_warns_and_skips(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Valid JSON with an unexpected shape must skip the patch, not raise."""
+    tools_dir = tmp_path / "tools"
+    tools_dir.mkdir()
+    tools_json = tools_dir / "tools.json"
+    tools_json.write_text('["not", "a", "dict"]', encoding="utf-8")
+    before = tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(tmp_path)  # AttributeError -> skip
+    assert tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == before
+
+
+def test_demote_unused_tools_already_patched_is_noop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    tools_json = _write_tools_json(
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "tools": [
+                {"name": "openocd-esp32", "install": "on_request"},
+                {"name": "xtensa-esp-elf-gdb", "install": "on_request"},
+                {"name": "riscv32-esp-elf-gdb", "install": "on_request"},
+                {"name": "esp32ulp-elf", "install": "on_request"},
+                {
+                    "name": "riscv32-esp-elf",
+                    "install": "always",
+                    "supported_targets": ["esp32c3", "esp32p4"],
+                },
+            ]
+        },
+    )
+    before = tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    _patch_tools_json_demote_unused_tools(tmp_path)
+    assert tools_json.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == before
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Subprocess-backed helpers (_exec -> run_command rename) and get_framework_env
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -639,7 +1514,7 @@ def test_write_stamp_writes_json(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_get_framework_env_with_python_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with (
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tools_path",
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path",
             return_value=tmp_path / "tools",
         ),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_version", return_value="5.1.2"),
@@ -664,7 +1539,7 @@ def test_get_framework_env_with_python_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_get_framework_env_without_python_env_uses_os_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with (
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tools_path",
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path",
             return_value=tmp_path / "tools",
         ),
         patch("esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_version", return_value="5.1.2"),
@@ -685,13 +1560,14 @@ def test_get_framework_env_without_python_env_uses_os_path(tmp_path: Path) -> No
 
 def _ccache_patches(tmp_path: Path, which: str | None, build_path: Path | None):
     return (
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=which),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.resolve_ccache_path", return_value=which),
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tools_path",
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path",
             return_value=tmp_path / "tools",
         ),
+        # ccache_defaults_env (build_helpers.ccache) reads CORE at call time
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework.CORE",
+            "esphome.core.CORE",
             SimpleNamespace(build_path=build_path),
         ),
     )
@@ -712,7 +1588,8 @@ def test_ccache_env_disabled_when_binary_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # build_path is None here too: a disabled cache must not require it.
     p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, None)
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
-        assert _ccache_env() == {}
+        # Canonical off, so an inherited/unparsable value cannot enable it
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
 
 
 def test_ccache_env_opt_out_via_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -720,18 +1597,111 @@ def test_ccache_env_opt_out_via_env(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # short-circuits before build_path is needed.
     p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", None)
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
-        assert _ccache_env() == {}
+        # The canonical off spelling is exported: the raw value is inherited
+        # by idf.py, where a spelling like "disable" would read as truthy
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
 
 
-def test_ccache_env_opt_in_without_binary(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    # Explicit IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 forces it on without probing PATH. It's
-    # already in the environment, so it isn't re-emitted, but the rest is.
+def test_ccache_env_opt_in_without_binary(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Explicit IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 forces it on; without a usable binary
+    # idf.py silently skips ccache, so this branch must say so out loud.
     p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, tmp_path / "build")
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
         env = _ccache_env()
-    assert "IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE" not in env
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
     assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == str(tmp_path / "tools" / "ccache")
     assert env["CCACHE_DEPEND"] == "1"
+    assert "no ccache binary is on PATH" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_opt_in_with_working_binary(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Forced on with a working binary: no warning fires at all.
+    ccache = tmp_path / "ccache"
+    ccache.touch()
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, str(ccache), tmp_path / "build")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=str(ccache)),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.tool_version_runs", return_value=True),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+    ):
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert not [r for r in caplog.records if r.levelno >= logging.WARNING]
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_opt_in_with_rejected_binary(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Forced on with a present-but-rejected binary: idf.py does its own
+    # PATH lookup and uses it anyway; the warning must say so, not claim
+    # the build runs without ccache.
+    # A present but non-executable file: the real probe fails and logs
+    # the forced-on message (patching the probe would silence it)
+    broken = tmp_path / "broken-ccache"
+    broken.touch()
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, tmp_path / "build")
+    with (
+        patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.shutil.which", return_value=str(broken)),
+        p1,
+        p2,
+        p3,
+    ):
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert "idf.py will use it anyway" in caplog.text
+    # Exactly one story: the resolver's contradictory "compiling without
+    # ccache" must not precede it
+    assert "compiling without ccache" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_honors_shared_esphome_opt_out(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0 disables ccache here too; the shared policy
+    must not apply to every backend except this one."""
+    _p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", tmp_path / "build")
+    env_vars = {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0", "PATH": "/usr/bin"}
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", env_vars, clear=True), p2, p3:
+        # The real resolver runs so the opt-out parse is exercised
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["off", "no"])
+def test_ccache_env_idf_knob_parses_strictly(tmp_path: Path, value: str) -> None:
+    """IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE uses the same strict table as the shared knob, so
+    "off" disables instead of reading as truthy."""
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", tmp_path / "build")
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": value}, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
+        assert _ccache_env() == {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_idf_knob_unrecognized_warns_and_defers(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An unparsable IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE warns, defers to the shared resolver,
+    and is not forwarded to idf.py as truthy."""
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, "/usr/bin/ccache", tmp_path / "build")
+    env_vars = {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "enabled"}
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", env_vars, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert "unrecognized IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE" in caplog.text
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_idf_knob_wins_over_shared_opt_out(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 takes precedence over ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0."""
+    p1, p2, p3 = _ccache_patches(tmp_path, None, tmp_path / "build")
+    env_vars = {"IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    with patch.dict("os.environ", env_vars, clear=True), p1, p2, p3:
+        env = _ccache_env()
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"] == str(tmp_path / "tools" / "ccache")
+    assert env["IDF_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
 
 
 def test_ccache_env_preserves_user_overrides(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -761,7 +1731,7 @@ def test_ccache_env_raises_without_build_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# _check_stamp / _write_idf_version_txt / _get_idf_tools_path
+# _check_stamp / _write_idf_version_txt / get_idf_tools_path
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
@@ -787,6 +1757,54 @@ def test_check_stamp_corrupt_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert _check_stamp(f, {"a": "1"}) is False
 
 
+def test_read_stamp_corrupt_file_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # A corrupt stamp forces a full reinstall on every build, so it warns
+    # where the normal missing-file case stays silent.
+    f = tmp_path / "s.json"
+    f.write_text("{ not json", encoding="utf-8")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.espidf.framework"):
+        assert _read_stamp(f) is None
+    assert "Ignoring corrupt stamp file" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_read_stamp_unreadable_file_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # An I/O fault (permissions, disk error) is distinguished from a simply
+    # missing stamp with a warning before falling back to reinstall.
+    f = tmp_path / "s.json"
+    f.write_text(json.dumps({"a": "1"}), encoding="utf-8")
+    with (
+        patch.object(Path, "open", side_effect=PermissionError("denied")),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.espidf.framework"),
+    ):
+        assert _read_stamp(f) is None
+    assert "Could not read stamp file" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_read_stamp_non_dict_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Well-formed JSON that is not an object is a fault, not a first install;
+    # it must leave a trace before forcing reinstalls.
+    f = tmp_path / "s.json"
+    f.write_text("null", encoding="utf-8")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.espidf.framework"):
+        assert _read_stamp(f) is None
+    assert "unexpected type NoneType" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_read_stamp_missing_file_is_silent(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Missing stamps are the normal first-install case and must not log.
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.espidf.framework"):
+        assert _read_stamp(tmp_path / "nope.json") is None
+    assert "stamp file" not in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_write_idf_version_txt_writes_when_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     _write_idf_version_txt(tmp_path, "5.1.2")
     assert (tmp_path / "version.txt").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "v5.1.2\n"
@@ -798,14 +1816,14 @@ def test_write_idf_version_txt_skips_when_present(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert (tmp_path / "version.txt").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "existing\n"
 
 
-def test_get_idf_tools_path_env_override(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def testget_idf_tools_path_env_override(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     override = str(tmp_path / "custom-idf")
     with patch.dict("os.environ", {"ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX": override}):
-        assert _get_idf_tools_path() == Path(override)
+        assert get_idf_tools_path() == Path(override)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["", "   "])
-def test_get_idf_tools_path_blank_env_falls_back_to_default(
+def testget_idf_tools_path_blank_env_falls_back_to_default(
     value: str, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
 ) -> None:
     """A blank ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX is treated as unset, not as CWD.
@@ -819,10 +1837,10 @@ def test_get_idf_tools_path_blank_env_falls_back_to_default(
     expected = (
         Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "idf"
     ).resolve()
-    assert _get_idf_tools_path() == expected
+    assert get_idf_tools_path() == expected
 
 
-def test_get_idf_tools_path_default_uses_user_cache(
+def testget_idf_tools_path_default_uses_user_cache(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
     """Without the env override the install root is the machine-global OS user
@@ -833,7 +1851,7 @@ def test_get_idf_tools_path_default_uses_user_cache(
     expected = (
         Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "idf"
     ).resolve()
-    assert _get_idf_tools_path() == expected
+    assert get_idf_tools_path() == expected
 
 
 def test_write_idf_version_txt_warns_on_write_error(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -908,7 +1926,7 @@ def test_check_windows_path_length_noop_when_long_paths_enabled(
         patch(
             "esphome.espidf.framework._windows_long_paths_enabled", return_value=True
         ),
-        patch("esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tools_path") as get_path_mock,
+        patch("esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path") as get_path_mock,
         caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING),
     ):
         _check_windows_path_length()
@@ -925,7 +1943,7 @@ def test_check_windows_path_length_short_path_silent(
             "esphome.espidf.framework._windows_long_paths_enabled", return_value=False
         ),
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tools_path",
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path",
             return_value=_SHORT_IDF_PATH,
         ),
         caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING),
@@ -943,7 +1961,7 @@ def test_check_windows_path_length_long_path_warns(
             "esphome.espidf.framework._windows_long_paths_enabled", return_value=False
         ),
         patch(
-            "esphome.espidf.framework._get_idf_tools_path",
+            "esphome.espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path",
             return_value=_LONG_IDF_PATH,
         ),
         caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING),
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_idedata.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_idedata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1088517ed1..0000000000
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_idedata.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for esphome.espidf.idedata (compile_commands.json -> idedata)."""
-
-# pylint: disable=protected-access
-
-import json
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
-
-import pytest
-
-from esphome.espidf import idedata
-
-# An absolute, forward-slash (shlex-safe) path prefix valid on the host OS, so
-# tests exercise the same is-absolute / normalize behavior as a real compile DB
-# (a drive-qualified path on Windows, a leading slash elsewhere).
-ABS = "C:/" if os.name == "nt" else "/"
-
-
-def _entry(directory: str, file: str, command: str) -> dict:
-    return {"directory": directory, "file": file, "command": command}
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_extracts_fields() -> None:
-    """cxx_path, defines, includes and remaining flags are split apart."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        f"{ABS}build",
-        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/core/application.cpp",
-        f"/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -DESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5 "
-        f"-I{ABS}inc/a -isystem {ABS}sys/b -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
-    )
-
-    cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    assert cxx_path == "/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++"
-    assert "USE_ESP32" in defines
-    assert "ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=5" in defines
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/a" in includes
-    assert f"{ABS}sys/b" in includes
-    assert "-std=gnu++20" in cxx_flags
-    # input/output files and their flags are not treated as flags
-    assert "-c" not in cxx_flags
-    assert "-o" not in cxx_flags
-    assert "app.cpp" not in cxx_flags
-    assert "app.cpp.o" not in cxx_flags
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_space_separated_args() -> None:
-    """``-D X`` / ``-I path`` (separate arg) and ``-isystem<path>`` (joined)."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        f"{ABS}build",
-        f"{ABS}build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
-        f"g++ -D FOO=1 -I {ABS}inc/sep -isystem{ABS}sys/joined -c x.cpp",
-    )
-
-    _, defines, includes, _ = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    assert "FOO=1" in defines
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/sep" in includes
-    assert f"{ABS}sys/joined" in includes
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_resolves_relative_includes() -> None:
-    """Relative includes are resolved against the entry's ``directory``."""
-    directory = f"{ABS}build/proj"
-    entry = _entry(
-        directory,
-        f"{directory}/src/esphome/x.cpp",
-        "g++ -Iconfig -I../shared -isystem rel/sys -c x.cpp",
-    )
-
-    _, _, includes, _ = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    def resolved(rel: str) -> str:
-        # _parse_entry emits forward slashes for consistency (normpath would
-        # yield backslashes on Windows).
-        return os.path.normpath(Path(directory) / rel).replace("\\", "/")
-
-    assert resolved("config") in includes
-    assert resolved("../shared") in includes  # ../ normalized away
-    assert resolved("rel/sys") in includes
-    # nothing is left relative
-    assert all(Path(inc).is_absolute() for inc in includes)
-
-
-def test_parse_entry_skips_dependency_flags() -> None:
-    """Dependency-generation flags (and their args) are dropped."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        "/build",
-        "/build/src/esphome/x.cpp",
-        "g++ -MD -MT x.cpp.o -MF x.cpp.o.d -c x.cpp -o x.cpp.o",
-    )
-
-    _, _, _, cxx_flags = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    for tok in ("-MD", "-MT", "x.cpp.o", "-MF", "x.cpp.o.d", "-c", "-o", "x.cpp"):
-        assert tok not in cxx_flags
-
-
-def test_expand_response_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """``@file`` arguments are inlined relative to the directory."""
-    rsp = tmp_path / "flags.rsp"
-    rsp.write_text("-DFROM_RSP -I/rsp/inc")
-
-    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(
-        ["g++", f"@{rsp.name}", "-c", "x.cpp"], tmp_path
-    )
-
-    assert "-DFROM_RSP" in tokens
-    assert "-I/rsp/inc" in tokens
-    assert not any(t.startswith("@") for t in tokens)
-
-
-def test_expand_response_files_keeps_literal_when_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """An unreadable ``@file`` token is kept verbatim rather than dropped."""
-    tokens = idedata._expand_response_files(["g++", "@nope.rsp"], tmp_path)
-    assert "@nope.rsp" in tokens
-
-
-def test_pick_entry_prefers_esphome_tu() -> None:
-    """A ``/src/esphome/`` C++ TU is picked over other compile entries."""
-    entries = [
-        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
-        _entry("/b", "/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp", "g++ -c app.cpp"),
-    ]
-    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("app.cpp")
-
-
-def test_pick_entry_falls_back_to_any_cxx_tu() -> None:
-    """With no ``/src/esphome/`` TU present, the first C++ entry is the fallback."""
-    entries = [
-        _entry("/b", "/b/managed_components/foo/foo.c", "gcc -c foo.c"),
-        _entry("/b", "/b/components/x/x.cpp", "g++ -c x.cpp"),
-    ]
-    assert idedata._pick_entry(entries)["file"].endswith("x.cpp")
-
-
-def test_is_esphome_src_handles_backslash_paths() -> None:
-    r"""The src marker must match Windows ``\src\esphome\`` paths too.
-
-    compile_commands ``file`` entries use the OS-native separator; if the
-    marker only matched forward slashes no source would match on Windows and
-    the build-include union would be silently empty.
-    """
-    assert idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.cpp")
-    assert idedata._is_esphome_src("/b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp")
-    # non-esphome and non-C++ still rejected regardless of separator
-    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\managed_components\x\x.cpp")
-    assert not idedata._is_esphome_src(r"C:\b\src\esphome\core\app.h")
-
-
-def test_idedata_from_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Full transform: representative entry + include union + toolchain dirs."""
-    compile_commands = tmp_path / "compile_commands.json"
-    entries = [
-        _entry(
-            f"{ABS}b",
-            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/core/app.cpp",
-            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/core -std=gnu++20 -c app.cpp -o app.cpp.o",
-        ),
-        _entry(
-            f"{ABS}b",
-            f"{ABS}b/src/esphome/sensor/s.cpp",
-            f"g++ -DUSE_ESP32 -I{ABS}inc/sensor -c s.cpp -o s.cpp.o",
-        ),
-        # non-esphome TU: its includes must not leak into the union
-        _entry(
-            f"{ABS}b",
-            f"{ABS}b/managed_components/x/x.c",
-            f"gcc -I{ABS}inc/managed -c x.c",
-        ),
-    ]
-    compile_commands.write_text(json.dumps(entries))
-
-    fake_proc = MagicMock(
-        returncode=0,
-        stderr=(
-            "ignored\n"
-            "#include <...> search starts here:\n"
-            " /tc/inc/c++\n"
-            " /tc/inc\n"
-            "End of search list.\n"
-            "more ignored\n"
-        ),
-    )
-    with patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc):
-        data = idedata.idedata_from_build(compile_commands)
-
-    assert data["cxx_path"] == "g++"
-    assert "USE_ESP32" in data["defines"]
-    assert "-std=gnu++20" in data["cxx_flags"]
-    # include dirs unioned across all esphome TUs
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/core" in data["includes"]["build"]
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/sensor" in data["includes"]["build"]
-    # the non-esphome TU is excluded from the union
-    assert f"{ABS}inc/managed" not in data["includes"]["build"]
-    # toolchain search dirs parsed from the compiler's -v output
-    assert data["includes"]["toolchain"] == ["/tc/inc/c++", "/tc/inc"]
-
-
-def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_on_probe_failure() -> None:
-    """A failed compiler probe is a hard error, not a silent empty list."""
-    fake_proc = MagicMock(returncode=1, stderr="xtensa-esp32-elf-g++: not found")
-    with (
-        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
-        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
-    ):
-        idedata._get_toolchain_includes("/bad/compiler")
-
-
-def test_get_toolchain_includes_raises_when_no_dirs_found() -> None:
-    """Markers present but no dirs (anomalous output) also raises."""
-    fake_proc = MagicMock(
-        returncode=0,
-        stderr="#include <...> search starts here:\nEnd of search list.\n",
-    )
-    with (
-        patch.object(idedata.subprocess, "run", return_value=fake_proc),
-        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="builtin include dirs"),
-    ):
-        idedata._get_toolchain_includes("/some/compiler")
-
-
-# ESP-IDF's compile_commands.json on Windows mixes literal backslash path
-# separators in the compiler path with shell ``\"`` quote-escaping in defines,
-# which only the real Windows argv parser handles. These exercise that path.
-@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
-def test_split_command_preserves_paths_and_unescapes_quotes() -> None:
-    r"""Backslash paths survive while ``\"`` define-quoting is unescaped."""
-    command = r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp"
-
-    tokens = idedata._split_command(command)
-
-    assert tokens[0] == r"C:\esp\bin\riscv32-esp-elf-g++.exe"
-    assert '-DVER="1.2.3"' in tokens
-    assert "-IC:/inc/a" in tokens
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
-def test_split_command_empty_returns_empty() -> None:
-    """An empty or blank command tokenizes to ``[]`` (e.g. an empty response file).
-
-    Guards against ``CommandLineToArgvW("")`` returning the current process name
-    instead of an empty list.
-    """
-    assert idedata._split_command("") == []
-    assert idedata._split_command("   ") == []
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "nt", reason="Windows argv tokenization")
-def test_parse_entry_normalizes_windows_cxx_path() -> None:
-    """A backslash compiler path is emitted forward-slashed; define unescaped."""
-    entry = _entry(
-        r"C:\b",
-        r"C:\b\src\esphome\x.cpp",
-        r"C:\esp\bin\g++.exe -DVER=\"1.2.3\" -IC:/inc/a -c x.cpp",
-    )
-
-    cxx_path, defines, includes, _ = idedata._parse_entry(entry)
-
-    assert cxx_path == "C:/esp/bin/g++.exe"
-    assert "\\" not in cxx_path
-    assert 'VER="1.2.3"' in defines
-    assert "C:/inc/a" in includes
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_runner.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4cc6e137e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.espidf.runner."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.espidf import runner
+
+# A flushing runner delivers the first line in well under a second; this is
+# only ever waited out when the shim has gone back to buffering, so keep it
+# just long enough to cover interpreter startup on a loaded CI machine.
+FIRST_LINE_TIMEOUT = 10.0
+
+
+def _prepare_main(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, probe: Path, *args: str
+) -> tuple[io.BytesIO, io.TextIOWrapper]:
+    """Point ``runner.main()`` at *probe* with a buffered fake stdout.
+
+    ``main`` rewrites ``sys.path``, ``sys.argv``, both std streams and
+    ``os.get_terminal_size``; every one of those is monkeypatched so it is
+    put back afterwards. The fake stdout is block buffered like a pipe, so
+    the caller can tell whether the shim flushed. The wrapper comes back with
+    the buffer because dropping it would close the buffer underneath us.
+    """
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    stream = io.TextIOWrapper(buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "path", list(sys.path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["runner.py", str(probe), *args])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(os, "get_terminal_size", os.get_terminal_size)
+
+    return buf, stream
+
+
+def _run_main(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, probe: Path, *args: str
+) -> tuple[io.BytesIO, io.TextIOWrapper]:
+    """Run ``runner.main()`` against *probe* and expect a clean exit."""
+    buf, stream = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, probe, *args)
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    return buf, stream
+
+
+def test_main_filters_noise_and_flushes_each_write(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Useful lines reach the stream right away; noisy ones are dropped."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "filtering_probe.py"
+    )
+
+    # Read before any flush of our own: the shim has to have flushed.
+    output = buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+
+    assert "Compiling main.cpp\n" in output
+    assert "[2/9] Building C object\n" in output
+    # Matched by FILTER_IDF_LINES, so they never leave the runner.
+    assert "Project build complete." not in output
+    assert "-- Component paths:" not in output
+    # Held back until the end because no terminator arrived.
+    assert output.endswith("still going\n")
+
+
+def test_main_keeps_output_after_a_form_feed(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A form feed is text, not a line break, so nothing after it is lost."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "formfeed_probe.py")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == (
+        "Compiling main.cpp\npage one\x0cpage two\n[2/9] Building C object\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_main_drains_a_partial_line_when_the_build_dies(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A build that stops mid line must still show that line.
+
+    This is the whole point of draining: the message explaining why the
+    build failed is exactly the one most likely to arrive without a
+    trailing newline.
+    """
+    buf, _stream = _prepare_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "crashing_probe.py"
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as excinfo:
+        runner.main()
+
+    assert excinfo.value.code == 2
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == "FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status\n"
+
+
+def test_main_reports_rather_than_raises_when_draining_fails(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """A stream that closed under us must not crash the runner's cleanup.
+
+    The drain runs from a ``finally``, so an exception there would replace
+    whatever exit code the build was carrying back.
+    """
+    _prepare_main(monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "closing_probe.py")
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    reported = capfd.readouterr().err
+    assert "Could not write out remaining output" in reported
+    # The held line has to come along; the stream it was meant for is gone.
+    assert "partial before close" in reported
+
+
+def test_main_survives_a_drain_failure_with_nowhere_to_report_it(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """With no real stderr to report to, cleanup still must not raise.
+
+    ``sys.__stderr__`` is None on some interpreters, and ``print(file=None)``
+    falls back to ``sys.stdout``, which here is the shim wrapping the stream
+    that just failed.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "__stderr__", None)
+    _prepare_main(monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "closing_probe.py")
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+
+
+def test_main_still_filters_a_drained_partial_line(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Releasing a held line does not smuggle noise past the filter."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "partial_noise_probe.py"
+    )
+
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == "Compiling main.cpp\n"
+
+
+def test_main_keeps_everything_in_verbose_mode(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fixture_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """``-v`` turns the filter off so the noisy lines survive."""
+    buf, _stream = _run_main(
+        monkeypatch, fixture_path / "espidf" / "filtering_probe.py", "-v"
+    )
+
+    output = buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+
+    assert "Project build complete.\n" in output
+    assert "-- Component paths: /a /b /c\n" in output
+    # With no filter there is no line buffering, so the partial line goes
+    # straight through as well.
+    assert output.endswith("still going")
+
+
+def test_runner_streams_output_before_the_build_finishes(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """The runner must flush, or a dashboard build looks frozen.
+
+    ``toolchain.py`` spawns the runner as a plain script with no ``-u``, and
+    hands it a pipe when esphome itself is running under the dashboard. A
+    pipe is block buffered, so without a flush in the shim's ``write()`` the
+    output sits in the child until 8 KiB piles up or the build ends.
+    """
+    runner_py = Path(runner.__file__)
+    probe = fixture_path / "espidf" / "streaming_probe.py"
+
+    with subprocess.Popen(
+        [sys.executable, str(runner_py), str(probe)],
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        # Keep stderr: if the runner dies on startup, its traceback is the
+        # only clue about why no line showed up.
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        env=probe_env,
+        text=True,
+    ) as proc:
+        assert proc.stdout is not None
+        assert proc.stderr is not None
+        first_line: list[str] = []
+        reader = threading.Thread(
+            target=lambda: first_line.append(proc.stdout.readline()), daemon=True
+        )
+        try:
+            reader.start()
+            reader.join(FIRST_LINE_TIMEOUT)
+            still_running = proc.poll() is None
+
+            # The probe sleeps for a minute after writing, so reaching us at
+            # all means the line was flushed rather than released at exit.
+            assert first_line == ["Compiling main.cpp\n"], (
+                f"runner stderr: {'' if still_running else proc.stderr.read()}"
+            )
+            assert still_running
+        finally:
+            proc.kill()
+            proc.wait()
+            # Join before leaving the block, so the reader is done rather than
+            # racing ``Popen`` closing the pipe under it.
+            reader.join(1.0)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py
index 017d8c49b4..9deb27d83c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py
@@ -2,13 +2,24 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from esphome.const import CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_SOURCE
-from esphome.core import CORE
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_VARIANT
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT,
+    CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.espidf import toolchain
 
 
@@ -47,7 +58,7 @@ def test_get_esphome_esp_idf_paths_forwards_source_override():
         toolchain, "check_esp_idf_install", return_value=("/fw", "/penv")
     ) as mock_install:
         toolchain._get_esphome_esp_idf_paths("5.5.4")
-    mock_install.assert_called_once_with("5.5.4", source_url=url)
+    mock_install.assert_called_once_with("5.5.4", targets=None, source_url=url)
 
 
 def test_get_esphome_esp_idf_paths_no_override():
@@ -58,7 +69,28 @@ def test_get_esphome_esp_idf_paths_no_override():
         toolchain, "check_esp_idf_install", return_value=("/fw", "/penv")
     ) as mock_install:
         toolchain._get_esphome_esp_idf_paths("5.5.4")
-    mock_install.assert_called_once_with("5.5.4", source_url=None)
+    mock_install.assert_called_once_with("5.5.4", targets=None, source_url=None)
+
+
+def test_get_configured_targets_from_variant(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    """The configured variant restricts the toolchain install to its target."""
+    monkeypatch.delenv("CI", raising=False)
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: "ESP32S3"}
+    assert toolchain._get_configured_targets() == ["esp32s3"]
+
+
+def test_get_configured_targets_without_variant(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    """No stored variant (e.g. tooling outside a build) keeps the default."""
+    monkeypatch.delenv("CI", raising=False)
+    CORE.data.pop(KEY_ESP32, None)
+    assert toolchain._get_configured_targets() is None
+
+
+def test_get_configured_targets_ci_installs_all(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    """CI installs every target so the shared cache covers all variants."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CI", "true")
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: "ESP32S3"}
+    assert toolchain._get_configured_targets() is None
 
 
 def _setup_build(setup_core: Path) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
@@ -70,6 +102,33 @@ def _setup_build(setup_core: Path) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
     return compile_commands, cache
 
 
+def test_has_outdated_files_detects_exclusion_change(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A newer exclude_components.esphomeinternal stamp forces a reconfigure
+    so components that leave the exclusion set get rediscovered."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core
+    build = setup_core / "build"
+    (build / "config").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (build / "config" / "sdkconfig.h").write_text("")
+    cmakecache = build / "CMakeCache.txt"
+    cmakecache.write_text("")
+    (build / "build.ninja").write_text("")
+
+    with patch.object(CORE, "name", "test"):
+        assert not toolchain.has_outdated_files()
+
+        stamp = setup_core / "exclude_components.esphomeinternal"
+        stamp.write_text("unity")
+        os.utime(stamp, (cmakecache.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+
+        assert toolchain.has_outdated_files()
+
+        # The flag must clear once the reference file is restamped (as
+        # run_compile does after a successful discovery reconfigure);
+        # otherwise every later build would repeat the discovery pass.
+        os.utime(cmakecache, (stamp.stat().st_mtime + 10,) * 2)
+        assert not toolchain.has_outdated_files()
+
+
 def test_get_idedata_returns_none_without_compile_commands(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """No compile DB yet -> None (rather than an error)."""
     _setup_build(setup_core)
@@ -83,7 +142,7 @@ def test_get_idedata_generates_and_caches(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     compile_commands.write_text("[]")
 
     with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
+        "esphome.build_helpers.idedata.idedata_from_build",
         return_value={"cxx_path": "g++"},
     ) as mock_transform:
         result = toolchain.get_idedata()
@@ -94,63 +153,6 @@ def test_get_idedata_generates_and_caches(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert json.loads(cache.read_text()) == {"cxx_path": "g++", "prog_path": prog_path}
 
 
-def test_get_idedata_uses_cache_when_valid(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """A cache at least as new as the compile DB is reused without regenerating."""
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text('{"cxx_path": "cached"}')
-    cc_mtime = compile_commands.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(cache, (cc_mtime + 1, cc_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch("esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build") as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_not_called()
-    assert result == {"cxx_path": "cached"}
-
-
-def test_get_idedata_regenerates_when_compile_commands_newer(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """A compile DB newer than the cache forces regeneration."""
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text('{"cxx_path": "stale"}')
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache_mtime = cache.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(compile_commands, (cache_mtime + 1, cache_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
-        return_value={"cxx_path": "fresh"},
-    ) as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_called_once()
-    assert result == {"cxx_path": "fresh", "prog_path": str(toolchain.get_elf_path())}
-
-
-def test_get_idedata_regenerates_on_corrupted_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
-    """An unparseable (but newer) cache falls back to regeneration."""
-    compile_commands, cache = _setup_build(setup_core)
-    compile_commands.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    compile_commands.write_text("[]")
-    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    cache.write_text("{not json")
-    cc_mtime = compile_commands.stat().st_mtime
-    os.utime(cache, (cc_mtime + 1, cc_mtime + 1))
-
-    with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
-        return_value={"cxx_path": "regen"},
-    ) as mock_transform:
-        result = toolchain.get_idedata()
-
-    mock_transform.assert_called_once()
-    assert result == {"cxx_path": "regen", "prog_path": str(toolchain.get_elf_path())}
-
-
 def test_get_idedata_prog_path_points_at_firmware_elf(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """The idedata exposes prog_path (the ELF) so consumers like build-action
     can locate firmware.factory.bin / firmware.ota.bin as its siblings."""
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ def test_get_idedata_prog_path_points_at_firmware_elf(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     compile_commands.write_text("[]")
 
     with patch(
-        "esphome.espidf.idedata.idedata_from_build",
+        "esphome.build_helpers.idedata.idedata_from_build",
         return_value={"cxx_path": "g++"},
     ):
         result = toolchain.get_idedata()
@@ -184,6 +186,473 @@ def test_get_idf_env_sets_git_ceiling_directories(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     assert str(CORE.config_dir) in env["GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES"].split(os.pathsep)
 
 
+def test_get_idf_env_pops_inherited_pythonpath(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A PYTHONPATH from the parent environment must not reach idf.py.
+
+    It would override the IDF venv's isolation, shadowing its pinned
+    packages and failing idf.py's dependency check.
+    """
+    toolchain._cache().env.clear()
+    with patch.dict(
+        os.environ,
+        {"IDF_PATH": str(setup_core), "PYTHONPATH": "/outside/site-packages"},
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._get_idf_env(version="5.5.4")
+    assert "PYTHONPATH" not in env
+
+
+def test_get_cmake_output_without_build_dir(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A build dir that was never created raises EsphomeError.
+
+    Without this, subprocess.run(cwd=build_dir) raises FileNotFoundError, which
+    the log stack-trace decoder doesn't recognise as a decode failure.
+    """
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    build_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("build")
+    assert not build_dir.exists()
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No ESP-IDF build found"):
+        toolchain._get_cmake_output(build_dir)
+
+
+def test_get_cmake_output_without_cmake_cache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A build dir that exists but was never configured raises EsphomeError."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    build_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("build")
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No ESP-IDF build found"):
+        toolchain._get_cmake_output(build_dir)
+
+
+def test_get_cmake_output_with_configured_build(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A configured build still runs cmake and caches the output.
+
+    The missing-build guard must not get in the way of a real build.
+    """
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    build_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("build")
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (build_dir / "CMakeCache.txt").write_text("")
+
+    completed = subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+        args=[], returncode=0, stdout="CMAKE_ADDR2LINE:FILEPATH=/tool/addr2line\n"
+    )
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_env", return_value={}),
+        patch.object(toolchain.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed) as mock_run,
+    ):
+        assert toolchain._get_cmake_output(build_dir) == completed.stdout
+        # Second call is served from the cache rather than re-running cmake.
+        assert toolchain._get_cmake_output(build_dir) == completed.stdout
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once()
+    assert toolchain._get_cmake_tool_path("CMAKE_ADDR2LINE") == Path("/tool/addr2line")
+
+
+def test_get_cmake_output_missing_build_does_not_resolve_idf_env(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The build check runs before the env is resolved.
+
+    Resolving the env calls check_esp_idf_install(), which can download and
+    extract the whole framework. A doomed call must never start that.
+    """
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    build_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("build")
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_env") as mock_env,
+        patch.object(toolchain.subprocess, "run") as mock_run,
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError),
+    ):
+        toolchain._get_cmake_output(build_dir)
+
+    mock_env.assert_not_called()
+    mock_run.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_idf_py_jobs_sets_build_jobs_env(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The jobs argument is exported to idf.py as IDF_PY_BUILD_JOBS."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_path", return_value=Path("/idf")),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_env", return_value={"PATH": "/bin"}),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_tool", return_value="python"),
+        patch.object(toolchain.subprocess, "run") as mock_run,
+    ):
+        mock_run.return_value.returncode = 0
+
+        toolchain.run_idf_py("build", jobs=2)
+        env = mock_run.call_args.kwargs["env"]
+        assert env["IDF_PY_BUILD_JOBS"] == "2"
+        assert env["PATH"] == "/bin"
+
+        toolchain.run_idf_py("build")
+        env = mock_run.call_args.kwargs["env"]
+        assert "IDF_PY_BUILD_JOBS" not in env
+
+
+def test_run_compile_restamps_cmakecache_after_discovery(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """After a successful discovery reconfigure the reference CMakeCache.txt
+    is restamped; cmake does not rewrite it when only properties or plain
+    variables change, so the staleness flag would otherwise never clear."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+    cmakecache = CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt")
+    build_ninja = CORE.relative_build_path("build/build.ninja")
+    cmakecache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    cmakecache.write_text("")
+    build_ninja.write_text("")
+    old = cmakecache.stat().st_mtime - 100
+    os.utime(cmakecache, (old, old))
+    os.utime(build_ninja, (old, old))
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=None),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=["lwip"]
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project"),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    assert cmakecache.stat().st_mtime > old
+    # build.ninja must not be older than the cache or ninja re-runs cmake
+    assert build_ninja.stat().st_mtime >= cmakecache.stat().st_mtime
+
+
+def test_run_compile_discovery_without_cmakecache(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A discovery pass that produced no CMakeCache.txt (nothing to restamp)
+    still completes normally."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=None),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=["lwip"]
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project"),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    assert not CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt").exists()
+
+
+def test_run_compile_reconfigures_after_full_write_outside_testing_mode(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The full CMakeLists write is followed by a reconfigure (#18682); a
+    failure there stops the build and leaves the cache unstamped."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+    cmakecache = CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt")
+    cmakecache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    cmakecache.write_text("")
+    old = cmakecache.stat().st_mtime - 100
+    os.utime(cmakecache, (old, old))
+    calls: list[tuple] = []
+    reconfigures = 0
+
+    def record_write(minimal: bool = False, builtin_components=None) -> None:
+        calls.append(("write_project", minimal))
+
+    def record_reconfigure() -> int:
+        nonlocal reconfigures
+        reconfigures += 1
+        calls.append(("run_reconfigure",))
+        return 1 if reconfigures == 2 else 0
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=None),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=["lwip"]
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project", side_effect=record_write),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", side_effect=record_reconfigure),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0) as mock_build,
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert not CORE.testing_mode
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 1
+
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", True),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", False),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+    ]
+    mock_build.assert_not_called()
+    assert cmakecache.stat().st_mtime == old
+
+
+def _record_compile_calls(
+    cached: list[str] | None,
+    saved: list[str] | None = None,
+    reconfigure_rcs: tuple[int, ...] = (),
+    cache_file: Path | None = None,
+) -> tuple[int, list[tuple]]:
+    """Run run_compile with a stubbed cache and return (rc, call log).
+
+    ``reconfigure_rcs`` overrides the exit codes of the first reconfigures;
+    later ones succeed.
+    """
+    calls: list[tuple] = []
+    rcs = iter(reconfigure_rcs)
+
+    def record_reconfigure() -> int:
+        calls.append(("run_reconfigure",))
+        return next(rcs, 0)
+
+    def record_write(minimal: bool = False, builtin_components=None) -> None:
+        calls.append(("write_project", minimal, builtin_components))
+
+    def record_save(components: list[str]) -> None:
+        calls.append(("save", components))
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "load_cached_builtin_components", return_value=cached),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain, "save_cached_builtin_components", side_effect=record_save
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.get_available_components", return_value=saved),
+        patch("esphome.build_gen.espidf.write_project", side_effect=record_write),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_reconfigure", side_effect=record_reconfigure),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain, "_builtin_component_cache_path", return_value=cache_file
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain,
+            "run_idf_py",
+            side_effect=lambda *a, **kw: calls.append(("build",)) or 0,
+        ),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        rc = toolchain.run_compile({CONF_ESPHOME: {}}, verbose=False)
+    return rc, calls
+
+
+def test_run_compile_poisoned_cache_is_dropped_and_rediscovered(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A cached list that fails the configure is deleted and discovery runs
+    once more instead of every later build failing the same way."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    cache_file = tmp_path / "esp32-abc.json"
+    cache_file.write_text("[]")
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(
+        ["stale"], saved=["lwip"], reconfigure_rcs=(1,), cache_file=cache_file
+    )
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert not cache_file.exists()
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", False, ["stale"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", True, None),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", False, ["lwip"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("save", ["lwip"]),
+        ("build",),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_run_compile_cache_miss_discovers_and_saves(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Without a cached list the discovery configure runs, the discovered list
+    feeds the full write and is cached only after that configure succeeds."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, saved=["lwip"])
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", True, None),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("write_project", False, ["lwip"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("save", ["lwip"]),
+        ("build",),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_run_compile_discovery_failure_stops_before_full_write(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed discovery configure returns its exit code and never writes
+    the full CMakeLists, a cache entry or a build."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, reconfigure_rcs=(2,))
+    assert rc == 2
+    assert calls == [("write_project", True, None), ("run_reconfigure",)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("discovered", [None, []], ids=["no_manifest", "empty"])
+def test_run_compile_fails_when_discovery_finds_nothing(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    discovered: list[str] | None,
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, saved=discovered)
+    assert rc == 1
+    assert calls == [("write_project", True, None), ("run_reconfigure",)]
+    assert "found no built-in ESP-IDF components" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_compile_does_not_cache_a_list_that_failed_to_configure(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(None, saved=["lwip"], reconfigure_rcs=(0, 3))
+    assert rc == 3
+    assert ("save", ["lwip"]) not in calls
+    assert ("build",) not in calls
+
+
+def test_run_compile_cache_hit_skips_discovery(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached list goes straight to the full write; the explicit reconfigure
+    after it (#18730) still runs."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    rc, calls = _record_compile_calls(["esp_timer", "lwip"])
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert calls == [
+        ("write_project", False, ["esp_timer", "lwip"]),
+        ("run_reconfigure",),
+        ("build",),
+    ]
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _cache_env(tmp_path: Path, excluded: str) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Patch everything the cache key derives from onto a temp IDF tree and
+    yield that tree's path."""
+    idf_path = tmp_path / "idf"
+    (idf_path / "components").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "_get_idf_path", return_value=idf_path),
+        patch.dict(CORE.data, {KEY_ESP32: {KEY_VARIANT: "ESP32"}}),
+        patch.dict(CORE.cmake_args, {"EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS": excluded}),
+    ):
+        yield idf_path
+
+
+def test_component_cache_round_trip(setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A saved list is read back until it is dropped."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs") as idf_path:
+        for name in ("lwip", "esp_timer"):
+            (idf_path / "components" / name).mkdir()
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["esp_timer", "lwip"])
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() == ["esp_timer", "lwip"]
+        toolchain._builtin_component_cache_path().unlink()
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+
+
+def test_component_cache_misses_on_key_change_or_missing_component(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A different exclusion set uses another entry, an entry naming a
+    component that no longer exists is ignored, and a custom IDF_PATH is
+    never cached."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs") as idf_path:
+        (idf_path / "components" / "lwip").mkdir()
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["lwip"])
+        path = toolchain._builtin_component_cache_path()
+        assert path.parent == idf_path / ".esphome_component_lists"
+        assert path.name.startswith("esp32-")
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() == ["lwip"]
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"IDF_PATH": str(idf_path)}):
+            assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs;unity"):
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "fatfs") as idf_path:
+        path.write_text(json.dumps(["lwip", "gone"]))
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+        # A plain file with the right name is not a component directory.
+        (idf_path / "components" / "gone").write_text("not a directory")
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+
+
+def test_component_cache_save_skips_empty_list_or_custom_idf_path(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, "") as idf_path:
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components([])
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"IDF_PATH": str(idf_path)}):
+            toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["lwip"])
+        assert not (idf_path / ".esphome_component_lists").exists()
+
+
+def test_component_cache_write_failure_is_logged(
+    setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with (
+        _cache_env(tmp_path, ""),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "write_file", side_effect=EsphomeError("disk full")),
+    ):
+        toolchain.save_cached_builtin_components(["lwip"])
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+    assert "Could not write component list cache" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_component_cache_ignores_corrupt_file(setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    with _cache_env(tmp_path, ""):
+        path = toolchain._builtin_component_cache_path()
+        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        path.write_text("{not json")
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+        path.write_text(json.dumps({"components": ["lwip"]}))
+        assert toolchain.load_cached_builtin_components() is None
+
+
+def test_run_compile_passes_compile_process_limit(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """compile_process_limit is forwarded to run_idf_py as the job limit."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT: 1}}
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0) as mock_run,
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once_with("build", "size", jobs=1)
+
+
+def test_run_compile_without_compile_process_limit(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """When no compile_process_limit is set, no job limit is passed to idf.py."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0) as mock_run,
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary"),
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    mock_run.assert_called_once_with("build", "size", jobs=None)
+
+
 def test_get_core_framework_version_from_core_data():
     """The version is read from CORE.data when validation populated it."""
     from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_IDF_VERSION
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py
index 9413fbcf29..8867e2c215 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ from collections.abc import Generator
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import io
+import itertools
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import socket
 import struct
@@ -44,13 +46,18 @@ def mock_file() -> io.BytesIO:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def mock_time() -> Generator[None]:
+def mock_sleep() -> Generator[Mock]:
+    """Mock time.sleep so delays don't slow down tests."""
+    with patch("time.sleep") as mock:
+        yield mock
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_time(mock_sleep: Mock) -> Generator[None]:
     """Mock time-related functions for consistent testing."""
-    # Provide enough values for multiple calls (tests may call perform_ota multiple times)
-    with (
-        patch("time.sleep"),
-        patch("time.perf_counter", side_effect=[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]),
-    ):
+    # Monotonically increasing, never exhausted regardless of how many timing
+    # windows perform_ota measures or how many times a test calls it
+    with patch("time.perf_counter", side_effect=itertools.count()):
         yield
 
 
@@ -79,6 +86,28 @@ def mock_resolve_ip() -> Generator[Mock]:
         yield mock
 
 
+DUAL_STACK_SA6 = ("2001:db8::1", 3232, 0, 0)
+DUAL_STACK_SA4 = ("192.168.1.100", 3232)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_resolve_ip_dual(mock_resolve_ip: Mock) -> Mock:
+    """Make resolve_ip_address return an IPv6 and an IPv4 address."""
+    mock_resolve_ip.return_value = [
+        (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", DUAL_STACK_SA6),
+        (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", DUAL_STACK_SA4),
+    ]
+    return mock_resolve_ip
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def firmware_file(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a firmware file on disk for run_ota_impl_ tests."""
+    firmware = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+    firmware.write_bytes(b"firmware content")
+    return firmware
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_perform_ota() -> Generator[Mock]:
     """Mock perform_ota function for testing."""
@@ -137,9 +166,11 @@ def test_receive_exactly_with_error_response(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(
         espota2.OTAError, match="receiving auth:.*Authentication invalid"
-    ):
+    ) as exc_info:
         espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 1, "auth", [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
 
+    # Device-reported errors must stay plain OTAError, not the retryable kind
+    assert not isinstance(exc_info.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
     mock_socket.close.assert_called_once()
 
 
@@ -147,10 +178,30 @@ def test_receive_exactly_socket_error(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
     """Test receive_exactly handles socket errors."""
     mock_socket.recv.side_effect = OSError("Connection reset")
 
-    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="receiving test response"):
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="receiving test response"):
         espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 1, "test", espota2.RESPONSE_OK)
 
 
+def test_receive_exactly_mid_read_socket_error(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
+    """Test receive_exactly handles socket errors after the first byte."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [b"\x00", OSError("Connection reset")]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="receiving test:"):
+        espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 3, "test", espota2.RESPONSE_OK)
+
+
+def test_receive_exactly_closed_connection_is_network_error(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
+    """Test receive_exactly raises OTANetworkError when the device closes the connection."""
+    mock_socket.recv.return_value = b""
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+    ):
+        espota2.receive_exactly(mock_socket, 1, "test", espota2.RESPONSE_OK)
+
+    mock_socket.close.assert_called_once()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("error_code", "expected_msg"),
     [
@@ -227,15 +278,15 @@ def test_check_error_unexpected_response() -> None:
 
 
 def test_check_error_empty_data() -> None:
-    """Test check_error raises error when device closes connection without responding."""
+    """Test check_error raises the retryable OTANetworkError when the device closes the connection."""
     with pytest.raises(
-        espota2.OTAError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+        espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
     ):
         espota2.check_error([], [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
 
     # Also test with empty bytes
     with pytest.raises(
-        espota2.OTAError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+        espota2.OTANetworkError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
     ):
         espota2.check_error(b"", [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
 
@@ -324,7 +375,9 @@ def test_perform_ota_successful_md5_auth(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
-def test_perform_ota_no_auth(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+def test_perform_ota_no_auth(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
     """Test OTA without authentication."""
     recv_responses = [
         bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK]),  # First byte of version response
@@ -339,7 +392,14 @@ def test_perform_ota_no_auth(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
 
     mock_socket.recv.side_effect = recv_responses
 
-    espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+    # Distinct window lengths pin each duration to its label; exactly the 6
+    # expected perf_counter calls, so an unaccounted timing window raises
+    timings = [0.0, 2.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 27.0]
+    with (
+        patch("time.perf_counter", side_effect=timings),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO),
+    ):
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
 
     # Should not send any auth-related data
     auth_calls = [
@@ -349,6 +409,14 @@ def test_perform_ota_no_auth(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
     ]
     assert len(auth_calls) == 0
 
+    # The timing summary is the observable output of the upload; exact strings
+    # pin each duration to its label
+    assert "Preparing for upload took 2.00 seconds" in caplog.text
+    assert (
+        "Update took 14.00 seconds (prepare 2.00, upload 5.00, commit 7.00)"
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
 def test_perform_ota_with_compression(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
@@ -530,6 +598,144 @@ def test_perform_ota_upload_error(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> N
         espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
 
 
+def _no_auth_handshake(version: int) -> list[bytes]:
+    """Recv responses for a handshake without auth, up to the MD5 check."""
+    return [
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_OK]),  # First byte of version response
+        bytes([version]),  # Version number
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_HEADER_OK]),  # Features response
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_AUTH_OK]),  # No auth required
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK]),  # Binary size OK
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK]),  # MD5 checksum OK
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_chunk_send_error(mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+    """Test OTA raises the retryable OTANetworkError when sending a chunk fails."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0),
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Probe for a pending error byte fails too
+    ]
+    # Sends before the data phase: magic bytes, features, binary size, MD5;
+    # fail on the fifth sendall, the first firmware chunk
+    mock_socket.sendall.side_effect = [None] * 4 + [OSError("Broken pipe")]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="sending data:"):
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_chunk_send_error_surfaces_device_error(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a device error byte pending behind a send failure becomes the cause."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH]),  # Reason the device closed
+    ]
+    mock_socket.sendall.side_effect = [None] * 4 + [OSError("Broken pipe")]
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="Writing OTA data to flash memory failed"
+    ) as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # The device-reported error is not retryable
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_final_chunk_ack_failure_not_retryable(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a lost ack for the final chunk is not retried."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0),
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Ack for the only (final) chunk is lost
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="receiving chunk result") as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # The device already had the whole image, so it may be committing
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_intermediate_chunk_ack_failure_retryable(
+    mock_socket: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test a lost ack for a non-final chunk stays retryable."""
+    # Two chunks: the firmware is larger than one upload block
+    big_file = io.BytesIO(b"x" * (espota2.UPLOAD_BLOCK_SIZE + 1))
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_2_0),
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Ack for the first of two chunks is lost
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTANetworkError, match="receiving chunk result"):
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, big_file, "test.bin")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_post_commit_failure_not_retryable(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a network failure after the device committed is a plain OTAError."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK]),  # Device received everything
+        OSError("Connection reset"),  # Connection lost waiting for end result
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="receiving update end result") as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # Must not be the retryable kind; the device is already rebooting
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_md5_mismatch_not_marked_committed(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test an MD5 mismatch keeps its own message and stays non-retryable."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK]),  # Device received everything
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH]),  # Device aborted the update
+    ]
+
+    with pytest.raises(espota2.OTAError, match="MD5 code mismatch") as exc:
+        espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    # The device aborted without committing, so the message must not claim
+    # the update may have been installed, and the error must not be retried
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, espota2.OTANetworkError)
+    assert "committed" not in str(exc.value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
+def test_perform_ota_end_ack_send_failure_is_success(
+    mock_socket: Mock, mock_file: io.BytesIO
+) -> None:
+    """Test a send failure on the final acknowledgement does not fail the OTA."""
+    mock_socket.recv.side_effect = [
+        *_no_auth_handshake(espota2.OTA_VERSION_1_0),
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK]),  # Device received everything
+        bytes([espota2.RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK]),  # Update committed
+    ]
+    # Sends: magic bytes, features, binary size, MD5, one firmware chunk;
+    # fail on the sixth sendall, the end acknowledgement
+    mock_socket.sendall.side_effect = [None] * 5 + [OSError("Broken pipe")]
+
+    # Must not raise; the device treats a missing acknowledgement as non-fatal
+    espota2.perform_ota(mock_socket, None, mock_file, "test.bin")
+
+    assert mock_socket.sendall.call_count == 6
+
+
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
 def test_run_ota_impl_successful(
     mock_socket: Mock, tmp_path: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock
@@ -564,21 +770,183 @@ def test_run_ota_impl_successful(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
-def test_run_ota_impl_connection_failed(mock_socket: Mock, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Test run_ota_impl_ when connection fails."""
+def test_run_ota_impl_connection_failed(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ retries when connection fails and eventually gives up."""
     mock_socket.connect.side_effect = OSError("Connection refused")
 
-    # Create a real firmware file
-    firmware_file = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
-    firmware_file.write_bytes(b"firmware content")
-
     result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
         "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
     )
 
     assert result_code == 1
     assert result_host is None
-    mock_socket.close.assert_called_once()
+    # A single address gets the whole attempt budget, with a delay before
+    # each revisit
+    assert mock_socket.connect.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS + 1
+    assert mock_socket.close.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS + 1
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_connect_retry_succeeds(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ succeeds when a retry connects after a failed attempt."""
+    mock_socket.connect.side_effect = [OSError("Connection timed out"), None]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    assert mock_socket.connect.call_count == 2
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+    mock_perform_ota.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_network_error_retry_succeeds(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ retries after a network error during the upload."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = [
+        espota2.OTANetworkError("receiving features: Device closed connection"),
+        None,
+    ]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    assert mock_perform_ota.call_count == 2
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_network_error_exhausts_attempts(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ gives up after all attempts hit network errors."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = espota2.OTANetworkError("sending data: broken pipe")
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    assert mock_perform_ota.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS + 1
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == espota2.EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip_dual")
+def test_run_ota_impl_multiple_addresses_cycle(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ visits every address and cycles for the retries."""
+    mock_socket.connect.side_effect = OSError("No route to host")
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    # Each address is visited once, then the EXTRA_UPLOAD_ATTEMPTS spare
+    # attempts cycle back through them; the budget is shared, not per address
+    assert mock_socket.connect.call_args_list == [
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA6),
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA4),
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA6),
+        call(DUAL_STACK_SA4),
+    ]
+    # No connect ever reached the device, so the delay only applies before
+    # the revisits
+    assert mock_sleep.call_count == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip_dual")
+def test_run_ota_impl_second_address_succeeds_without_delay(
+    mock_socket: Mock,
+    firmware_file: Path,
+    mock_perform_ota: Mock,
+    mock_sleep: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ falls through to the next address with no pause."""
+    mock_socket.connect.side_effect = [OSError("No route to host"), None]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+    mock_perform_ota.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip_dual")
+def test_run_ota_impl_pauses_after_reaching_device(
+    mock_socket: Mock,
+    firmware_file: Path,
+    mock_perform_ota: Mock,
+    mock_sleep: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ pauses before the next address once the device was reached."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = [
+        espota2.OTANetworkError("sending data: connection reset"),
+        None,
+    ]
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 0
+    assert result_host == "192.168.1.100"
+    # The first attempt reached the device, so the next one waits first even
+    # though it targets a fresh address
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(espota2.UPLOAD_RETRY_DELAY)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_socket_constructor", "mock_resolve_ip")
+def test_run_ota_impl_device_error_not_retried(
+    mock_socket: Mock, firmware_file: Path, mock_perform_ota: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ fails immediately on a device-reported error."""
+    mock_perform_ota.side_effect = espota2.OTAError(
+        "Authentication invalid. Is the password correct?"
+    )
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    mock_perform_ota.assert_called_once()
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_ota_impl_no_addresses(
+    firmware_file: Path, mock_resolve_ip: Mock, mock_sleep: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test run_ota_impl_ fails cleanly when resolution yields no addresses."""
+    mock_resolve_ip.return_value = []
+
+    result_code, result_host = espota2.run_ota_impl_(
+        "test.local", 3232, "password", str(firmware_file)
+    )
+
+    assert result_code == 1
+    assert result_host is None
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
 
 
 def test_run_ota_impl_resolve_failed(tmp_path: Path, mock_resolve_ip: Mock) -> None:
@@ -630,10 +998,10 @@ def test_progress_bar(capsys: CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     assert "100%" in captured.err
     assert "Done" in captured.err
 
-    # Test done method
+    # done() after the 100% frame adds nothing; that frame ended its line
     progress.done()
     captured = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert captured.err == "\n"
+    assert captured.err == ""
 
     # Test same progress doesn't update
     progress.update(0.5)
@@ -642,6 +1010,10 @@ def test_progress_bar(capsys: CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # Should only see one update (second call shouldn't write)
     assert captured.err.count("50%") == 1
 
+    # done() after a mid-way frame ends the line
+    progress.done()
+    assert capsys.readouterr().err == "\n"
+
 
 # Tests for SHA256 authentication
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_time")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
index 16cee9564f..caefb7ed5c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import time
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
 
 import pytest
 import requests
@@ -26,19 +27,21 @@ def _seed_etag(cache_file: Path, etag: str) -> Path:
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_requests_head() -> MagicMock:
-    """Patch `external_files.requests.head` so the conditional HEAD-request
-    validator can be tested without doing real HTTP.
+    """Patch `requests.head` so the conditional HEAD-request validator can
+    be tested without doing real HTTP. Patched on the requests module
+    because external_files imports it lazily inside the function.
     """
-    with patch("esphome.external_files.requests.head") as m:
+    with patch("requests.head") as m:
         yield m
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_requests_get() -> MagicMock:
-    """Patch `external_files.requests.get` so the download path can be
-    tested without doing real HTTP.
+    """Patch `requests.get` so the download path can be tested without
+    doing real HTTP. Patched on the requests module because
+    external_files imports it lazily inside the function.
     """
-    with patch("esphome.external_files.requests.get") as m:
+    with patch("requests.get") as m:
         yield m
 
 
@@ -78,6 +81,15 @@ def mock_download_content_many() -> MagicMock:
         yield m
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_retry_sleep() -> MagicMock:
+    """Patch the retry backoff sleep (process-wide; net_retry.time is the
+    global module) so transient-error tests don't really wait 2s/4s.
+    """
+    with patch("esphome.net_retry.time.sleep") as m:
+        yield m
+
+
 def test_compute_local_file_dir(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """Test compute_local_file_dir creates and returns correct path."""
     domain = "font"
@@ -492,6 +504,7 @@ class _BodyReadErrorResponse:
 def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_uses_cache(
     mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
     mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
     setup_core: Path,
 ) -> None:
     """Body-read errors (chunked-decode/gzip-decode/mid-stream connection
@@ -516,6 +529,7 @@ def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_uses_cache(
 def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_no_cache_fails(
     mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
     mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
     setup_core: Path,
 ) -> None:
     """A body-read failure with no cache available must surface as a
@@ -532,6 +546,131 @@ def test_download_content_with_body_read_error_no_cache_fails(
         external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
 
 
+def test_download_content_retries_transient_error_then_succeeds(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Transient failures (connection reset, timeout) are retried with 2s/4s
+    backoff before giving up; a late success downloads normally."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "downloads" / "file.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.content = b"downloaded"
+    ok.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = [
+        requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("reset by peer"),
+        requests.exceptions.Timeout("timed out"),
+        ok,
+    ]
+
+    result = external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert result == b"downloaded"
+    assert test_file.read_bytes() == b"downloaded"
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+
+
+def test_download_content_transient_error_exhausts_attempts(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A persistent transient failure gives up after three attempts and then
+    follows the normal no-cache error path."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "nonexistent.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("reset by peer")
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download from.*reset by peer"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+
+
+def test_download_content_non_transient_error_not_retried(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Permanent failures like a 404 fail on the first attempt."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "nonexistent.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+
+    response = MagicMock()
+    response.status_code = 404
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.HTTPError(
+        "404 Client Error", response=response
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download from.*404"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 1
+    mock_retry_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_download_content_retries_body_read_error(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Mid-stream failures surfacing from `.content` are retried too."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "downloads" / "file.txt"
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.content = b"downloaded"
+    ok.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = [
+        _BodyReadErrorResponse(
+            requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("body truncated")
+        ),
+        ok,
+    ]
+
+    result = external_files.download_content("https://example.com/file.txt", test_file)
+
+    assert result == b"downloaded"
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 2
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2)]
+
+
+def test_has_remote_file_changed_retries_transient_error(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_retry_sleep: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A HEAD revalidation that fails transiently then returns 304 does not
+    mark the cached copy stale, and the retry warning names the operation."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.status_code = 304
+    ok.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = [
+        requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("reset by peer"),
+        ok,
+    ]
+
+    changed = external_files.has_remote_file_changed(
+        "https://example.com/file.txt", test_file
+    )
+
+    assert changed is False
+    assert test_file not in external_files._run_data().stale_paths
+    assert mock_requests_head.call_count == 2
+    assert mock_retry_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2)]
+    assert "Revalidation of" in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_download_content_skip_external_update_uses_cache(
     mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
     mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
@@ -549,6 +688,10 @@ def test_download_content_skip_external_update_uses_cache(
     assert result == cached_content
     mock_has_remote_file_changed.assert_not_called()
     mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+    # Deliberately unchecked is memoized for the run but never "fresh".
+    assert not external_files.is_fresh_this_run(test_file)
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == cached_content
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.assert_not_called()
 
 
 def test_download_content_skip_external_update_downloads_when_missing(
@@ -587,10 +730,16 @@ def test_download_content_many_single_item_avoids_pool(
     mock_download_content: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
 ) -> None:
     """A single item should be downloaded inline (no thread pool overhead)."""
-    item = ("https://example.com/file.txt", setup_core / "f.txt")
+    item = external_files.RemoteFile(
+        "https://example.com/file.txt", setup_core / "f.txt"
+    )
     external_files.download_content_many([item])
     mock_download_content.assert_called_once_with(
-        item[0], item[1], external_files.NETWORK_TIMEOUT
+        item.url,
+        item.path,
+        external_files.NETWORK_TIMEOUT,
+        allow_stale=True,
+        return_content=False,
     )
 
 
@@ -602,7 +751,12 @@ def test_download_content_many_runs_in_parallel(
 
     barrier = threading.Barrier(3)
 
-    def slow_download(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int) -> bytes:
+    def slow_download(
+        url: str,
+        path: Path,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
         # If calls were serial this would deadlock (third caller never arrives
         # while the first is blocked at the barrier).
         barrier.wait(timeout=2.0)
@@ -610,9 +764,9 @@ def test_download_content_many_runs_in_parallel(
 
     mock_download_content.side_effect = slow_download
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
-        ("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
-        ("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
     ]
     external_files.download_content_many(items, max_workers=4)
     assert mock_download_content.call_count == 3
@@ -625,15 +779,20 @@ def test_download_content_many_propagates_single_error(
     it in a `MultipleInvalid` that the caller would have to unpack.
     """
 
-    def fake_download(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int) -> bytes:
+    def fake_download(
+        url: str,
+        path: Path,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
         if url.endswith("bad"):
             raise Invalid(f"could not download {url}")
         return b""
 
     mock_download_content.side_effect = fake_download
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
-        ("https://example.com/bad", setup_core / "bad"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/bad", setup_core / "bad"),
     ]
     with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="could not download") as exc_info:
         external_files.download_content_many(items)
@@ -648,16 +807,21 @@ def test_download_content_many_aggregates_multiple_errors(
     them one network round-trip at a time.
     """
 
-    def fake_download(url: str, path: Path, timeout: int) -> bytes:
+    def fake_download(
+        url: str,
+        path: Path,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> bytes:
         if url.endswith("ok"):
             return b""
         raise Invalid(f"could not download {url}")
 
     mock_download_content.side_effect = fake_download
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
-        ("https://example.com/bad1", setup_core / "bad1"),
-        ("https://example.com/bad2", setup_core / "bad2"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/ok", setup_core / "ok"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/bad1", setup_core / "bad1"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/bad2", setup_core / "bad2"),
     ]
     with pytest.raises(MultipleInvalid) as exc_info:
         external_files.download_content_many(items)
@@ -678,9 +842,9 @@ def test_download_content_many_dedupes_by_path(
     """
     path = setup_core / "shared"
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/a", path),
-        ("https://example.com/b", path),
-        ("https://example.com/a", path),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", path),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/b", path),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", path),
     ]
     external_files.download_content_many(items)
     assert mock_download_content.call_count == 1
@@ -695,8 +859,8 @@ def test_download_content_many_clamps_invalid_max_workers(
     be clamped up to at least 1 worker.
     """
     items = [
-        ("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
-        ("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b"),
     ]
     external_files.download_content_many(items, max_workers=0)
     assert mock_download_content.call_count == 2
@@ -724,8 +888,8 @@ def test_download_web_files_in_config_filters_and_dispatches(
     assert result is config
     mock_download_content_many.assert_called_once()
     assert list(mock_download_content_many.call_args[0][0]) == [
-        ("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
-        ("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/c", setup_core / "c"),
     ]
 
 
@@ -799,3 +963,264 @@ def test_download_content_atomic_write_no_partial_on_failure(
     # into the cache directory either way.
     leftover_tmps = list(setup_core.glob("tmp*"))
     assert leftover_tmps == []
+
+
+def test_download_content_memoizes_fresh_path(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A path downloaded once this run skips all network on later calls."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.content = b"fresh content"
+    mock_response.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.return_value = mock_response
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"fresh content"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"fresh content"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.assert_called_once()
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_download_content_memo_revalidates_deleted_file(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A memoized path whose file vanished is downloaded again."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.content = b"fresh content"
+    mock_response.headers = {}
+    mock_requests_get.return_value = mock_response
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+    test_file.unlink()
+    external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_download_content_failure_fails_fast_on_retry(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed download is remembered; a retry raises without network."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="boom"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="boom"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_download_content_failed_path_revalidates_when_file_appears(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A recorded failure is dropped once the file exists on disk."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    # Another writer produced the file; the cached failure no longer applies
+    # and the network error now falls back to the on-disk copy.
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"appeared")
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"appeared"
+
+
+def test_download_content_network_error_fallback_memoizes(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Falling back to a cached file memoizes, so a flaky host is hit once."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "memo.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_download_content_not_changed_uses_cache(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A 304 not-changed check serves the cached file without a GET."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = False
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_head_failure_fallback_is_stale_not_fresh(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A HEAD network failure serves the copy once and memoizes it as stale."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+    mock_requests_head.assert_called_once()
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_allow_stale_false_rejects_unverified_copy(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """allow_stale=False raises instead of building from an unverified copy."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+
+    # A strict caller gets its own attempt at the network rather than
+    # inheriting the stale memo's verdict.
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+    assert mock_requests_get.call_count == 2
+
+    # A caller that tolerates stale copies still gets the cached bytes.
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+
+
+def test_allow_stale_false_rejects_head_failure_fallback(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """allow_stale=False also rejects a copy the HEAD could not confirm."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="cannot be verified"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_download_content_many_forwards_per_file_allow_stale(
+    mock_download_content: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Each RemoteFile's own allow_stale reaches download_content."""
+    files = [
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/a", setup_core / "a"),
+        external_files.RemoteFile(
+            "https://example.com/b", setup_core / "b", allow_stale=False
+        ),
+    ]
+    external_files.download_content_many(files)
+    forwarded = {
+        call.args[1]: call.kwargs["allow_stale"]
+        for call in mock_download_content.call_args_list
+    }
+    assert forwarded == {setup_core / "a": True, setup_core / "b": False}
+
+
+def test_download_content_many_dedupe_keeps_strictest(
+    mock_download_content: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
+) -> None:
+    """A strict duplicate wins over a permissive one for the same path."""
+    path = setup_core / "fw.bin"
+    files = [
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/fw", path, allow_stale=False),
+        external_files.RemoteFile("https://example.com/fw", path),
+    ]
+    external_files.download_content_many(files)
+    mock_download_content.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_download_content.call_args.kwargs["allow_stale"] is False
+
+
+def test_successful_head_revalidation_clears_stale(
+    mock_requests_head: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A confirmed 304 supersedes an earlier failed revalidation."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    test_file.write_bytes(b"cached content")
+
+    ok_304 = MagicMock(status_code=304, headers={})
+    mock_requests_head.side_effect = [
+        requests.exceptions.RequestException("blip"),
+        ok_304,
+    ]
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    # The stale memo short-circuits tolerant callers; a strict caller
+    # triggers a fresh HEAD, which now succeeds and clears the marker.
+    assert (
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file, allow_stale=False)
+        == b"cached content"
+    )
+    # Verified now: served from the fresh memo with no more network.
+    assert external_files.download_content(url, test_file) == b"cached content"
+    assert mock_requests_head.call_count == 2
+    mock_requests_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_failed_path_replay_names_the_other_url(
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed: MagicMock,
+    mock_requests_get: MagicMock,
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A shared cache path replays the failure naming the original URL."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "shared.bin"
+
+    mock_has_remote_file_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_requests_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("boom")
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="first-url"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/first-url", test_file)
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="earlier download of.*first-url"):
+        external_files.download_content("https://example.com/second-url", test_file)
+    mock_requests_get.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py
index 6fe62dcc8c..8844212600 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_framework_helpers.py
@@ -2,34 +2,46 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+import gzip
+import hashlib
 import importlib.util
 import io
+import json
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tarfile
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+import threading
+import time
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, call, patch
 import zipfile
 
 import pytest
 import requests as req
 
+from esphome import framework_helpers
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     _7z_extract_all,
+    _BatchDownloadProgress,
     _detect_archive_root,
     _rename_with_retry,
     _tar_extract_all,
     _zip_extract_all,
     archive_extract_all,
     create_venv,
+    download_and_extract,
     download_from_mirrors,
+    download_with_resume,
     get_project_compile_flags,
+    get_project_cxx_compile_flags,
     get_project_link_flags,
     get_python_env_executable_path,
     get_system_python_path,
     rmdir,
+    run_batch_downloads,
     run_command,
     run_command_ok,
     str_to_lst_of_str,
@@ -181,6 +193,24 @@ def test_run_command_passes_env(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
     assert mock_subprocess_run.call_args[1]["env"]["MY_VAR"] == "42"
 
 
+def test_run_command_pops_inherited_pythonpath(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
+    """A PYTHONPATH from the parent environment must not leak into subprocesses."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="")
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PYTHONPATH": "/outside/site-packages"}):
+        run_command(["cmd"])
+    assert "PYTHONPATH" not in mock_subprocess_run.call_args[1]["env"]
+
+
+def test_run_command_env_pythonpath_preferred_over_pop(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A PYTHONPATH set explicitly via ``env`` is passed through."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="")
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PYTHONPATH": "/outside/site-packages"}):
+        run_command(["cmd"], env={"PYTHONPATH": "/idf/tools"})
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_args[1]["env"]["PYTHONPATH"] == "/idf/tools"
+
+
 def test_run_command_passes_cwd(mock_subprocess_run: Mock, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="")
     run_command(["cmd"], cwd=str(tmp_path))
@@ -505,23 +535,801 @@ class TestArchiveExtractAll:
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# download_from_mirrors
+# download_from_mirrors / download_with_resume
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _mock_response(content: bytes, ok: bool = True) -> MagicMock:
+def _mock_response(
+    content: bytes, ok: bool = True, status: int | None = None
+) -> MagicMock:
+    """A fake requests response. The HTTPError carries the response (as
+    ``raise_for_status`` on a real response) so the transient classifier
+    can see its ``status``; failures default to a permanent 404."""
+    if status is None:
+        status = 200 if ok else 404
     r = MagicMock()
     r.__enter__.return_value = r
     r.__exit__.return_value = False
+    r.status_code = status
+    r.ok = ok
     if ok:
         r.raise_for_status.return_value = None
     else:
-        r.raise_for_status.side_effect = req.HTTPError("503")
+        r.raise_for_status.side_effect = req.HTTPError(str(status), response=r)
     r.headers = {"content-length": "0"}  # suppress ProgressBar
     r.iter_content.return_value = [content] if content else []
     return r
 
 
+def _interrupted_response(content: bytes, etag: str | None = None) -> MagicMock:
+    """A response whose body yields ``content`` and then drops mid-stream.
+
+    ``etag`` makes the response resumable: without a validator the retry
+    logic restarts from zero rather than stitching unverified bytes.
+    """
+
+    def body(chunk_size):
+        yield content
+        raise req.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("connection dropped")
+
+    r = _mock_response(b"")
+    if etag is not None:
+        r.headers = {**r.headers, "ETag": etag}
+    r.iter_content.side_effect = body
+    return r
+
+
+def _resumed_response(content: bytes) -> MagicMock:
+    """An HTTP 206 response continuing an interrupted download."""
+    r = _mock_response(content)
+    r.status_code = 206
+    return r
+
+
+class TestOpenRanged:
+    def test_fresh_download_sends_no_range(self) -> None:
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"x")) as mock_get:
+            resp, offset = framework_helpers._open_ranged("https://e.com/f", 0, 30)
+        assert offset == 0
+        assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {}
+        assert resp is mock_get.return_value
+
+    def test_resume_kept_on_206(self) -> None:
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_resumed_response(b"x")):
+            _, offset = framework_helpers._open_ranged("https://e.com/f", 7, 30)
+        assert offset == 7
+
+    def test_resume_downgraded_on_200(self) -> None:
+        """A server that ignores the Range header forces a restart."""
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"x")):
+            _, offset = framework_helpers._open_ranged("https://e.com/f", 7, 30)
+        assert offset == 0
+
+    def test_http_error_closes_response_and_raises(self) -> None:
+        r = _mock_response(b"", ok=False)
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=r),
+            pytest.raises(req.HTTPError),
+        ):
+            framework_helpers._open_ranged("https://e.com/f", 0, 30)
+        r.close.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_connect_error_propagates(self) -> None:
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", side_effect=req.ConnectionError("refused")),
+            pytest.raises(req.ConnectionError),
+        ):
+            framework_helpers._open_ranged("https://e.com/f", 0, 30)
+
+
+class TestDownloadWithResume:
+    def test_downloads_and_renames(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        assert not (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").exists()
+        # a fresh download must not send a Range header
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_mid_stream_drop_resumes_with_range(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "8"}
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[first, _resumed_response(b"5678")],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        # earlier bytes were kept, remainder appended conditionally
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"] == {
+            "Range": "bytes=4-",
+            "If-Range": '"v1"',
+        }
+
+    def test_unverifiable_drop_without_length_restarts(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A validator alone is not enough to stitch when nothing can prove
+        the stitched file complete (no sha/size and no content-length)."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[
+                _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"'),
+                _mock_response(b"full"),
+            ],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"full"
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_resumed_clean_but_short_body_discarded(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A resumed stream that ends cleanly but short of the advertised
+        total is rejected and re-downloaded, not promoted."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"abcd", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "8"}
+        # resume ends cleanly after only 2 of the 4 missing bytes
+        short = _resumed_response(b"ef")
+        full = _mock_response(b"abcdefgh")
+        full.headers = {**full.headers, "content-length": "8"}
+        with patch("requests.get", side_effect=[first, short, full]) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"abcdefgh"
+        # the short stitch was discarded; the final attempt started fresh
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[2][1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_unverifiable_drop_without_validator_restarts(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """No sha/size and no server validator: the retry must not stitch."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[_interrupted_response(b"1234"), _mock_response(b"full")],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"full"
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_resume_across_invocations_from_part_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A .part file left by a previous run is resumed, not restarted,
+        when sha/size verification will vouch for the stitched result."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"12345")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"12345678").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_resumed_response(b"678")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=8)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+        assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {"Range": "bytes=5-"}
+
+    def test_unverifiable_leftover_part_file_ignored(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Without sha/size there is no way to vouch for a cross-run stitch,
+        so a leftover part file starts over."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"12345")
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"fresh")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"fresh"
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_server_without_range_support_restarts(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """HTTP 200 in response to a Range request truncates and restarts."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"sta")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"fresh").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"fresh")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=5)
+        # the Range request was sent (verifiable resume) and downgraded
+        assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {"Range": "bytes=3-"}
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"fresh"
+
+    def test_size_only_leftover_part_restarts(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A size alone cannot detect a same-length content change on the
+        server, so a cross-run part without sha256 restarts from zero."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"12")
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"1234")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, size=4)
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"]
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"1234"
+
+    def test_size_only_in_run_drop_resumes_with_validator(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Within a run the If-Range validator proves identity, so size-only
+        callers still resume mid-stream drops."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[
+                _interrupted_response(b"12", etag='"v1"'),
+                _resumed_response(b"34"),
+            ],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, size=4)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"1234"
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"] == {
+            "Range": "bytes=2-",
+            "If-Range": '"v1"',
+        }
+
+    def test_unverifiable_download_logged(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        """No sha, no size, no content-length: the download is promoted with
+        a debug note (routine for e.g. the constraints host, so not a
+        warning) that completeness could not be verified."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with (
+            caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.framework_helpers"),
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")),
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        assert "without any way to verify completeness" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_416_promotes_complete_part_when_size_unknown(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """sha256-only caller with a byte-complete part file: the server's
+        416 confirms nothing is missing, verification promotes in place, and
+        the 416 must not loop as a retryable error."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"data")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        r416 = _mock_response(b"", ok=False)
+        r416.status_code = 416
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=r416) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good)
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 1
+        r416.close.assert_called_once()
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_416_with_corrupt_part_discards_and_redownloads(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"bad!")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        r416 = _mock_response(b"", ok=False)
+        r416.status_code = 416
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get", side_effect=[r416, _mock_response(b"data")]
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good)
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_hash_mismatch_discards_and_retries(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"good").hexdigest()
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[_mock_response(b"bad!"), _mock_response(b"good")],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"good"
+        # the corrupt part file was discarded, so the retry starts fresh
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_size_mismatch_discards_part(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"xx")),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="after 2 attempts"),
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, size=99, attempts=2)
+        assert not (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").exists()
+        assert not dest.exists()
+
+    def test_attempts_exhausted_keeps_part_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Mid-stream failures keep the partial file so a later run resumes."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"12", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "4"}
+        second = _interrupted_response(b"34")
+        second.status_code = 206
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", side_effect=[first, second]),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="after 2 attempts"),
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, attempts=2)
+        assert (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").read_bytes() == b"1234"
+
+    def test_multiple_drops_accumulate_across_attempts(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Each attempt appends its bytes; three partial responses complete
+        the file."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"ab", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "6"}
+        second = _interrupted_response(b"cd")
+        second.status_code = 206
+        third = _resumed_response(b"ef")
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[first, second, third],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"abcdef"
+        expected = {"Range": "bytes=2-", "If-Range": '"v1"'}
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"] == expected
+        expected = {"Range": "bytes=4-", "If-Range": '"v1"'}
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[2][1]["headers"] == expected
+
+    def test_connect_error_then_success(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A connect error (no response at all) consumes an attempt and the
+        next attempt succeeds."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[req.ConnectionError("refused"), _mock_response(b"data")],
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_http_error_keeps_part_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A transient HTTP error (e.g. 503) must not discard resume state."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"keep")
+        error = _mock_response(b"", ok=False)
+        error.status_code = 503
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=error),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="after 1 attempts"),
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, attempts=1)
+        assert (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").read_bytes() == b"keep"
+
+    def test_creates_missing_parent_directories(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "dist" / "nested" / "tool.tar.gz"
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_verifies_both_size_and_sha(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_corrupt_partial_resumed_then_discarded_then_redownloaded(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """The full recovery cycle for a corrupted partial download: the
+        resume completes it, verification fails, the poisoned part file is
+        discarded, and the next attempt re-downloads from scratch."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        # a previous run left a corrupted 4-byte prefix behind
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"BAD!")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data66").hexdigest()
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[
+                _resumed_response(b"66"),  # resume "completes" the bad part
+                _mock_response(b"data66"),  # clean retry from zero
+            ],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=6)
+        # first attempt resumed at the corrupt offset, failed verification;
+        # second attempt started fresh (no Range header) and succeeded
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[0][1]["headers"] == {"Range": "bytes=4-"}
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data66"
+        assert not (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").exists()
+
+    def test_existing_dest_passing_verification_kept(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A dest completed by an earlier run is reused without any request."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        dest.write_bytes(b"data")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get") as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stale",
+        [
+            pytest.param(b"corrupt!", id="wrong-size"),
+            pytest.param(b"bad!", id="right-size-wrong-hash"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_existing_dest_failing_verification_redownloaded(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, stale: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        dest.write_bytes(stale)
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_existing_dest_with_size_only_kept(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        dest.write_bytes(b"data")
+        with patch("requests.get") as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, size=4)
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_existing_dest_with_sha_only_kept(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """sha-only verification also authorizes reusing a completed dest."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        dest.write_bytes(b"data")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get") as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good)
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_meta_write_failure_is_best_effort(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A failure to persist the resume sidecar must not fail the
+        download itself."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "f.tar.xz"
+        first = _mock_response(b"data")
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "ETag": '"v1"', "content-length": "4"}
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=first),
+            patch.object(Path, "write_text", side_effect=OSError("read-only")),
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/f", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_meta_sidecar_written_and_removed(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """The validator sidecar appears while downloading and is cleaned up
+        with the promotion."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "f.tar.xz"
+        meta = tmp_path / "f.tar.xz.part.meta"
+        seen: list[bool] = []
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "8"}
+        responses = [first]
+
+        def get(*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> MagicMock:
+            if responses:
+                return responses.pop(0)
+            # the resume request: the sidecar written by the first response
+            # must already be on disk at this point
+            seen.append(meta.is_file())
+            return _resumed_response(b"5678")
+
+        with patch("requests.get", side_effect=get):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/f", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+        assert seen == [True]  # sidecar existed during the resume attempt
+        assert not meta.exists()  # cleaned up on success
+
+    def test_locked_promotion_keeps_verified_part(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A rename that stays blocked (e.g. a long-lived Windows file lock)
+        must not delete the verified download; the next attempt retries just
+        the rename without touching the network."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")) as mock_get,
+            patch(
+                "esphome.framework_helpers._rename_with_retry",
+                side_effect=[PermissionError("locked"), None],
+            ) as rename,
+        ):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        # one download; the second attempt only redid the rename
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 1
+        assert rename.call_count == 2
+
+    def test_locked_promotion_exhausted_keeps_part_for_next_run(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")),
+            patch(
+                "esphome.framework_helpers._rename_with_retry",
+                side_effect=PermissionError("locked"),
+            ),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="after 1 attempts"),
+        ):
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4, attempts=1
+            )
+        # the verified bytes survive for the next run
+        assert (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_meta_sidecar_resumes_across_runs_without_sha(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A later run resumes an unfinished download using the validator the
+        first run stored — the cross-run fix for the framework tarball."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "f.tar.xz"
+        (tmp_path / "f.tar.xz.part").write_bytes(b"1234")
+        (tmp_path / "f.tar.xz.part.meta").write_text(
+            json.dumps(
+                {"url": "https://example.com/f", "validator": '"v1"', "total": 8}
+            )
+        )
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_resumed_response(b"5678")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/f", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+        assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {
+            "Range": "bytes=4-",
+            "If-Range": '"v1"',
+        }
+
+    def test_meta_sidecar_for_other_url_ignored(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Metadata from a different mirror URL must not authorize a stitch."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "f.tar.xz"
+        (tmp_path / "f.tar.xz.part").write_bytes(b"1234")
+        (tmp_path / "f.tar.xz.part.meta").write_text(
+            json.dumps({"url": "https://other.com/f", "validator": '"v1"', "total": 8})
+        )
+        full = _mock_response(b"12345678")
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=full) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/f", dest)
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"]
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+
+    def test_complete_part_file_promoted_without_network(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A .part holding every byte (killed between write and rename) is
+        verified in place and promoted; no request is made, so no 416 loop."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"data")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get") as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_complete_but_corrupt_part_file_redownloaded(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A full-size .part with a wrong hash is discarded and re-downloaded
+        from scratch."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"bad!")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"]
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_oversized_part_file_discarded(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A .part larger than the expected size fails verification and is
+        replaced by a fresh download."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"toolong")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"data").hexdigest()
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")):
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=4)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_malformed_content_length_degrades_gracefully(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A garbage Content-Length must not crash the attempt; it means
+        "unknown", so a drop restarts instead of stitching and a clean
+        download still succeeds."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "explode"}
+        retry = _mock_response(b"full")
+        retry.headers = {**retry.headers, "content-length": "explode"}
+        with patch("requests.get", side_effect=[first, retry]) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"full"
+        # unknown length -> completeness unprovable -> no resume attempted
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_zero_byte_part_file_sends_no_range(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """An empty leftover part file is a fresh download, not a resume."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"")
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"data")) as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume("https://example.com/t", dest)
+        assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {}
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_progress_callback_reports_absolute_bytes(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """With a callback no bar is drawn; the callback sees the running
+        byte count of this file, then its final verified size."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        resp = _mock_response(b"")
+        resp.headers = {"content-length": "7"}
+        resp.iter_content.return_value = [b"1234", b"567"]
+        seen: list[int] = []
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=resp),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls,
+        ):
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, size=7, progress=seen.append
+            )
+        assert seen == [0, 4, 7, 7]
+        bar_cls.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_progress_callback_seeds_with_resume_offset(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        (tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz.part").write_bytes(b"12345")
+        good = hashlib.sha256(b"12345678").hexdigest()
+        seen: list[int] = []
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_resumed_response(b"678")):
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, sha256=good, size=8, progress=seen.append
+            )
+        assert seen[0] == 5
+        assert seen[-1] == 8
+
+    def test_progress_callback_credits_already_complete_download(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """A verified dest from an earlier run still counts toward the batch."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "tool.tar.gz"
+        dest.write_bytes(b"12345678")
+        seen: list[int] = []
+        with patch("requests.get") as mock_get:
+            download_with_resume(
+                "https://example.com/t", dest, size=8, progress=seen.append
+            )
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+        assert seen == [8]
+
+
+def test_run_batch_downloads_ctrl_c_aborts_in_flight_jobs() -> None:
+    """Ctrl-C cancels in-flight downloads at their next tick instead of
+    letting non-daemon workers download to completion."""
+    started = threading.Event()
+    ticks: list[int] = []
+
+    def interrupter(tracker) -> None:
+        started.wait(5)
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    def slow_download(tracker) -> None:
+        started.set()
+        for i in range(500):
+            tracker(i)
+            ticks.append(i)
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading",
+            [("boom", 0, interrupter), ("slow", 0, slow_download)],
+            max_workers=2,
+        )
+    # Uncancelled, slow_download alone takes ~5s
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 < 3
+    assert len(ticks) < 500
+
+
+def test_cancellation_escapes_broad_except_in_fetch() -> None:
+    """A fetch that wraps its work in except Exception cannot swallow the
+    Ctrl-C sentinel (it is a BaseException)."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import _BatchDownloadCancelled
+
+    started = threading.Event()
+    swallowed = []
+
+    def interrupter(tracker) -> None:
+        started.wait(5)
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    def greedy_fetch(tracker) -> None:
+        started.set()
+        try:
+            for i in range(500):
+                tracker(i)
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+        except Exception as err:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+            swallowed.append(err)
+
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+        run_batch_downloads(
+            "Downloading",
+            [("boom", 0, interrupter), ("greedy", 0, greedy_fetch)],
+            max_workers=2,
+        )
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 < 3
+    assert not swallowed
+    assert issubclass(_BatchDownloadCancelled, BaseException)
+    assert not issubclass(_BatchDownloadCancelled, Exception)
+
+
+def test_logging_guard_ends_the_bar_row_before_a_record() -> None:
+    r"""A worker warning gets its own line instead of the bar's \r row."""
+    stream = io.StringIO()
+    stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+        progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+        progress.tracker()(5)
+        with progress.logging_guard():
+            logging.getLogger("esphome.test").warning("mirror retry")
+        # The partial 50% frame ended its line before the record was emitted
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("50% \n")
+        # And the next tick redraws the frame on a fresh row
+        progress.tracker()(2)
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("70% ")
+
+
+def test_logging_guard_without_a_bar_is_a_no_op() -> None:
+    """An unknown total draws no bar; the guard passes records through."""
+    progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 0)
+    with progress.logging_guard():
+        logging.getLogger("esphome.test").warning("plain record")
+
+
+def test_cancellable_sleep_sleeps_between_ticks() -> None:
+    """An uncancelled backoff actually waits out its delay in slices."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import _cancellable_sleep
+
+    ticks: list[int] = []
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    _cancellable_sleep(0.05, ticks.append, 3)
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 >= 0.05
+    assert ticks and all(t == 3 for t in ticks)
+
+
+def test_cancellable_sleep_aborts_at_the_tick() -> None:
+    """A backoff sleep observes the cancellation raise promptly."""
+    from esphome.framework_helpers import _BatchDownloadCancelled, _cancellable_sleep
+
+    def cancelled_tick(done: int) -> None:
+        raise _BatchDownloadCancelled
+
+    t0 = time.monotonic()
+    with pytest.raises(_BatchDownloadCancelled):
+        _cancellable_sleep(30, cancelled_tick, 0)
+    assert time.monotonic() - t0 < 1
+
+
+class Test_BatchDownloadProgress:
+    def test_sums_trackers_into_one_bar(self) -> None:
+        with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls:
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 100)
+            a = progress.tracker()
+            b = progress.tracker()
+            a(10)
+            b(20)
+            a(30)
+            a(0)  # a restart from zero takes that file's bytes back out
+        bar_cls.assert_called_once_with("Downloading")
+        updates = [c[0][0] for c in bar_cls.return_value.update.call_args_list]
+        assert updates == [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.2]
+
+    def test_clamps_at_one(self) -> None:
+        """Sizes are advisory; an over-delivering server never pushes past 100%."""
+        with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls:
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+            progress.tracker()(25)
+        assert bar_cls.return_value.update.call_args[0][0] == 1
+
+    def test_unknown_total_draws_nothing(self) -> None:
+        with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.ProgressBar") as bar_cls:
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 0)
+            progress.tracker()(5)
+            progress.done()
+        bar_cls.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_done_ends_an_unfinished_bar(self) -> None:
+        """A batch that stops short of 100% (a failed archive) still ends its
+        line so the next log message starts on a fresh row."""
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+            progress.tracker()(5)
+            progress.done()
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("50% \n")
+
+    def test_done_before_any_frame_writes_nothing(self) -> None:
+        """A batch aborted before any tracker fired must not emit a stray
+        newline for a bar that was never drawn."""
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+            _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10).done()
+        assert stream.getvalue() == ""
+
+    def test_done_after_full_bar_adds_nothing(self) -> None:
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.isatty = lambda: True  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        with patch("esphome.helpers.sys.stderr", stream):
+            progress = _BatchDownloadProgress("Downloading", 10)
+            progress.tracker()(10)
+            progress.done()
+        assert stream.getvalue().endswith("100% Done...\r\n")
+
+
 class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
     def test_success_returns_url_and_writes_content(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         target = tmp_path / "out.bin"
@@ -533,6 +1341,22 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         assert url == "https://example.com/f"
         assert target.read_bytes() == b"filedata"
 
+    def test_progress_callback_reports_bytes(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """The library prefetch's production path: the mirror download ticks
+        the caller's tracker instead of drawing its own bar."""
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
+        ticks: list[int] = []
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            return_value=_mock_response(b"filedata"),
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://example.com/f"], {}, target, progress=ticks.append
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/f"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"filedata"
+        assert ticks and ticks[-1] == len(b"filedata")
+
     def test_substitutions_applied_to_url(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         with patch(
             "requests.get",
@@ -545,7 +1369,101 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             )
         assert mock_get.call_args[0][0] == "https://example.com/1.2.3.bin"
 
+    def test_template_with_missing_substitution_is_skipped(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """A template referencing an unavailable substitution is skipped, not
+        formatted into a bogus URL (e.g. SHORT_VERSION only exists for x.y.0
+        framework versions)."""
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            return_value=_mock_response(b"x"),
+        ) as mock_get:
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                [
+                    "https://example.com/{SHORT_VERSION}.bin",
+                    "https://example.com/{VERSION}.bin",
+                ],
+                {"VERSION": "1.2.3"},
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/1.2.3.bin"
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 1
+
+    def test_all_templates_skipped_raises_esphome_error(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get") as mock_get,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No mirror URL template matched") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://example.com/{MISSING}.bin"],
+                {"VERSION": "1.2.3"},
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+            )
+        mock_get.assert_not_called()
+        # The skipped template and its missing substitution are named
+        assert "https://example.com/{MISSING}.bin" in str(ei.value)
+        assert "MISSING" in str(ei.value)
+
+    def test_failure_message_includes_skipped_templates(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """When downloads fail, templates that were skipped for missing
+        substitutions are also listed so a typo'd custom mirror is
+        attributable."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                return_value=_mock_response(b"", ok=False),
+            ),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                [
+                    "https://example.com/{TYPO}.bin",
+                    "https://example.com/{VERSION}.bin",
+                ],
+                {"VERSION": "1.2.3"},
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+            )
+        message = str(ei.value)
+        assert "https://example.com/1.2.3.bin" in message
+        assert (
+            "https://example.com/{TYPO}.bin\n    not applicable (TYPO not available)"
+            in message
+        )
+
+    def test_malformed_template_warns_and_is_reported(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        """A structurally malformed template is an authoring error: warned
+        about even when another mirror succeeds, and named in the aggregate
+        error when everything fails."""
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"x")),
+            caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.framework_helpers"),
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://example.com/{oops.bin", "https://example.com/{VERSION}.bin"],
+                {"VERSION": "1.2.3"},
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/1.2.3.bin"
+        assert "malformed mirror URL template" in caplog.text
+
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"", ok=False)),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://example.com/{oops.bin", "https://example.com/{VERSION}.bin"],
+                {"VERSION": "1.2.3"},
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+            )
+        assert "https://example.com/{oops.bin\n    skipped (ValueError(" in str(
+            ei.value
+        )
+
     def test_falls_back_to_second_mirror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
         with patch(
             "requests.get",
             side_effect=[_mock_response(b"", ok=False), _mock_response(b"second")],
@@ -553,20 +1471,111 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
             url = download_from_mirrors(
                 ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
                 {},
-                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+                target,
             )
         assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
-        assert (tmp_path / "out.bin").read_bytes() == b"second"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"second"
 
-    def test_all_mirrors_fail_reraises_last_exception(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    def test_mid_stream_drop_resumes_same_mirror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A mid-stream failure retries the same mirror with Range and
+        If-Range headers, keeping the bytes already received, before falling
+        to the next."""
+        first = _interrupted_response(b"1234", etag='"v1"')
+        first.headers = {**first.headers, "content-length": "8"}
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[first, _resumed_response(b"5678")],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
+                {},
+                target,
+            )
+        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[1][0][0] == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        # the resume is conditional on the content being unchanged
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[1][1]["headers"] == {
+            "Range": "bytes=4-",
+            "If-Range": '"v1"',
+        }
+
+    def test_path_target_resumes_across_runs(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A path target routes through download_with_resume: a part file and
+        metadata from a previous run resume instead of restarting."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "idf.tar.xz"
+        (tmp_path / "idf.tar.xz.part").write_bytes(b"1234")
+        (tmp_path / "idf.tar.xz.part.meta").write_text(
+            json.dumps(
+                {"url": "https://mirror1.com/f", "validator": '"v1"', "total": 8}
+            )
+        )
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_resumed_response(b"5678")) as mock_get:
+            url = download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, dest)
+        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"12345678"
+        assert mock_get.call_args[1]["headers"] == {
+            "Range": "bytes=4-",
+            "If-Range": '"v1"',
+        }
+
+    def test_path_target_falls_back_to_next_mirror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        dest = tmp_path / "idf.tar.xz"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=[req.ConnectionError("down"), _mock_response(b"data")],
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"], {}, dest
+            )
+        assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+
+    def test_failed_mirror_leftovers_not_resumed_on_next_mirror(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """A part file left by a mirror that failed all attempts must not be
+        stitched onto the next mirror's download (its meta names the other
+        URL, so the retry restarts from zero without a Range request)."""
+        exhausted = [_interrupted_response(b"AAAA") for _ in range(3)]
+        target = tmp_path / "f.bin"
+        with patch(
+            "requests.get",
+            side_effect=exhausted + [_mock_response(b"clean")],
+        ) as mock_get:
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
+                {},
+                target,
+            )
+        assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"clean"
+        # the second mirror starts fresh, without a Range header
+        assert mock_get.call_args_list[3][0][0] == "https://mirror2.com/f"
+        assert "Range" not in mock_get.call_args_list[3][1]["headers"]
+
+    def test_all_mirrors_fail_raises_error_listing_every_attempt(
+        self, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
         with (
             patch(
                 "requests.get",
                 return_value=_mock_response(b"", ok=False),
             ),
-            pytest.raises(req.HTTPError),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as excinfo,
         ):
-            download_from_mirrors(["https://example.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "out.bin",
+            )
+        # Every attempted URL appears in the message, and the first mirror's
+        # exception (the primary URL, usually the one that matters) is chained.
+        assert "https://mirror1.com/f" in str(excinfo.value)
+        assert "https://mirror2.com/f" in str(excinfo.value)
+        assert isinstance(excinfo.value.__cause__, req.HTTPError)
 
     def test_empty_mirrors_raises_value_error(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="empty mirrors list"):
@@ -576,16 +1585,6 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="target must be"):
             download_from_mirrors(["https://example.com/f"], {}, 42)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    def test_file_like_target_written(self) -> None:
-        buf = io.BytesIO()
-        with patch(
-            "requests.get",
-            return_value=_mock_response(b"bytes"),
-        ):
-            download_from_mirrors(["https://example.com/f"], {}, buf)
-        buf.seek(0)
-        assert buf.read() == b"bytes"
-
     def test_progress_bar_shown_when_content_length_known(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         r = _mock_response(b"1234567890")
         r.headers = {"content-length": "10"}
@@ -611,6 +1610,213 @@ class TestDownloadFromMirrors:
         assert target.exists()
         assert target.read_bytes() == b""
 
+    def test_transient_failure_retries_mirror_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A transient connect error on the only applicable mirror retries the
+        whole mirror list with backoff instead of failing the build."""
+        target = tmp_path / "idf.tar.xz"
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    req.ConnectionError("Remote end closed connection"),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, target)
+        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        assert target.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_backoff_tick_reports_partial_bytes(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """The backoff tick carries the bytes already in the part file, so a
+        combined bar holds steady instead of rewinding to zero."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "out.bin"
+        (tmp_path / "out.bin.part").write_bytes(b"12345")
+        ticks: list[int] = []
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    req.ConnectionError("down"),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers._cancellable_sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, dest, progress=ticks.append
+            )
+        assert mock_sleep.call_args == call(2, ticks.append, 5)
+
+    def test_permanent_failure_does_not_retry_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """An HTTP 404 will not heal on its own; fail after a single pass."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404)
+            ) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors"),
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 1
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_transient_failure_exhausts_sweeps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A persistent transient error gives up after the configured number
+        of passes, with 2s/4s backoff, and still lists the attempted URL."""
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", side_effect=req.ConnectionError("down")) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 3
+        assert mock_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+        assert "https://mirror1.com/f" in str(ei.value)
+
+    def test_mixed_permanent_and_transient_retries_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """One mirror 404s permanently while another hits a transient error;
+        the transient failure makes the whole list worth another pass."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "out.bin"
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404),
+                    req.ConnectionError("down"),
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(
+                ["https://mirror1.com/f", "https://mirror2.com/f"], {}, dest
+            )
+        assert url == "https://mirror2.com/f"
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_http_5xx_retries_sweep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A real 5xx (response attached to the HTTPError) is transient."""
+        dest = tmp_path / "out.bin"
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=503),
+                    _mock_response(b"data"),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        ):
+            url = download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, dest)
+        assert url == "https://mirror1.com/f"
+        assert dest.read_bytes() == b"data"
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_error_reports_failure_modes_from_all_sweeps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A failure mode that changes between sweeps stays in the final
+        error; the first failure (the one that started the retries) is
+        chained as the cause."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[
+                    req.ConnectionError("dropped by middlebox"),
+                    _mock_response(b"", ok=False, status=404),
+                ],
+            ),
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="all mirrors") as ei,
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert "dropped by middlebox" in str(ei.value)
+        assert "404" in str(ei.value)
+        assert isinstance(ei.value.__cause__, req.ConnectionError)
+        mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+    def test_exhausted_mid_stream_attempts_not_swept(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A mirror that spent all its mid-stream attempts fails permanently
+        instead of re-arming the sweep, and its part file survives so the
+        next esphome run resumes it."""
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "requests.get",
+                side_effect=[_interrupted_response(b"1234") for _ in range(3)],
+            ) as mock_get,
+            patch("esphome.framework_helpers.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="after 3 attempts"),
+        ):
+            download_from_mirrors(["https://mirror1.com/f"], {}, tmp_path / "out.bin")
+        assert mock_get.call_count == 3
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+        assert (tmp_path / "out.bin.part").exists()
+
+
+class TestDownloadAndExtract:
+    def test_downloads_extracts_and_deletes_archive(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        content = gzip.compress(
+            _make_tar([_reg("file.txt")], {"file.txt": b"data"}).getvalue()
+        )
+        dest = tmp_path / "out"
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(content)):
+            url = download_and_extract(
+                ["https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "lib.archive",
+                dest,
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"
+        assert (dest / "file.txt").read_bytes() == b"data"
+        # the archive is consumed; only the extraction remains
+        assert not (tmp_path / "lib.archive").exists()
+
+    def test_locked_archive_does_not_mask_result(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A cleanup unlink blocked by e.g. an AV handle (Windows) must not
+        replace the extraction result; the archive simply survives."""
+        content = gzip.compress(
+            _make_tar([_reg("file.txt")], {"file.txt": b"data"}).getvalue()
+        )
+        real_unlink = Path.unlink
+
+        def locked_unlink(self: Path, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+            if self.name.endswith(".archive"):
+                raise PermissionError("held by antivirus")
+            real_unlink(self, missing_ok=missing_ok)
+
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(content)),
+            patch("pathlib.Path.unlink", locked_unlink),
+        ):
+            url = download_and_extract(
+                ["https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "lib.archive",
+                tmp_path / "out",
+            )
+        assert url == "https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"
+        assert (tmp_path / "out" / "file.txt").read_bytes() == b"data"
+        assert (tmp_path / "lib.archive").exists()  # left behind, harmless
+
+    def test_corrupt_archive_deleted_on_extract_failure(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """A complete-but-corrupt archive must not survive to poison the next
+        run; without a checksum only a failed extraction can expose it."""
+        with (
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=_mock_response(b"not an archive")),
+            pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported archive format"),
+        ):
+            download_and_extract(
+                ["https://example.com/lib.tar.gz"],
+                {},
+                tmp_path / "lib.archive",
+                tmp_path / "out",
+            )
+        assert not (tmp_path / "lib.archive").exists()
+
 
 def test_importing_framework_helpers_does_not_import_requests() -> None:
     """Importing framework_helpers must not drag in requests.
@@ -625,8 +1831,10 @@ def test_importing_framework_helpers_does_not_import_requests() -> None:
         [
             sys.executable,
             "-c",
-            "import sys\nimport esphome.framework_helpers\n"
-            "print('\\n'.join(sys.modules))",
+            (
+                "import sys\nimport esphome.framework_helpers\n"
+                "print('\\n'.join(sys.modules))"
+            ),
         ],
         capture_output=True,
         text=True,
@@ -1048,3 +2256,59 @@ class TestGetProjectLinkFlags:
         ):
             result = get_project_link_flags()
             assert result == sorted(result)
+
+
+def _make_core_cxx(flags: set[str]) -> MagicMock:
+    core = MagicMock()
+    core.cxx_build_flags = flags
+    return core
+
+
+class TestGetProjectCxxCompileFlags:
+    def test_returns_sorted_flags(self) -> None:
+        with patch(
+            "esphome.core.CORE",
+            _make_core_cxx({"-Wno-volatile", "-Wno-deprecated"}),
+        ):
+            assert get_project_cxx_compile_flags() == [
+                "-Wno-deprecated",
+                "-Wno-volatile",
+            ]
+
+    def test_empty_flags(self) -> None:
+        with patch("esphome.core.CORE", _make_core_cxx(set())):
+            assert get_project_cxx_compile_flags() == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "input_path", "expected"),
+    [
+        # win32: drive-letter extended-length prefix is stripped
+        (
+            "win32",
+            "\\\\?\\C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+        ),
+        # win32: UNC extended-length prefix is translated to a regular UNC path
+        (
+            "win32",
+            "\\\\?\\UNC\\server\\share\\python.exe",
+            "\\\\server\\share\\python.exe",
+        ),
+        # win32: paths without the prefix are returned unchanged
+        (
+            "win32",
+            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
+        ),
+        # non-win32: prefix is left alone (no-op)
+        ("linux", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe"),
+        ("darwin", "/usr/bin/python3", "/usr/bin/python3"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_strip_win_long_path_prefix(
+    platform: str, input_path: str, expected: str
+) -> None:
+    r"""``\\?\`` and ``\\?\UNC\`` prefixes are stripped only on win32."""
+    with patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", platform):
+        assert framework_helpers.strip_win_long_path_prefix(input_path) == expected
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
index 62d2344069..e296d48a46 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 """Tests for git.py module."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import errno
+import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import threading
 import time
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
+from filelock import FileLock
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import git
-from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodSeconds
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, TimePeriodSeconds
 from esphome.git import GitCommandError
 
 
@@ -19,6 +26,15 @@ def _compute_repo_dir(url: str, ref: str | None, domain: str) -> Path:
     return git._compute_destination_path(key, domain)
 
 
+# The tests must probe the exact location the implementation uses
+_marker_path = git._clone_complete_marker_path
+
+
+def _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Write the completion marker so a hand-made repo dir is treated as valid."""
+    _marker_path(repo_dir).write_text("test")
+
+
 def _setup_old_repo(repo_dir: Path, days_old: int = 2) -> None:
     """Helper to set up a git repo directory structure with an old timestamp.
 
@@ -30,6 +46,7 @@ def _setup_old_repo(repo_dir: Path, days_old: int = 2) -> None:
     repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
     git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
     git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
 
     # Create FETCH_HEAD file with old timestamp
     fetch_head = git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -54,6 +71,52 @@ def _get_git_command_type(cmd: list[str]) -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
+def _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Create the directory structure a successful git clone would leave."""
+    repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+
+
+def _make_clone_side_effect(
+    repo_dir: Path,
+    gitmodules: bool = False,
+    on_clone: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[..., str]:
+    """Return a run_git_command side effect whose clone creates the repo dir.
+
+    With ``gitmodules`` the cloned repo also declares submodules. ``on_clone``
+    runs at clone time before the repo dir appears, so a test can probe or
+    block mid-clone.
+    """
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "clone":
+            if on_clone is not None:
+                on_clone()
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+            if gitmodules:
+                (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        return ""
+
+    return git_command_side_effect
+
+
+def _submodule_calls(mock: Mock) -> list[Any]:
+    """Return the mock's `git submodule` calls."""
+    return [
+        c for c in mock.call_args_list if _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "submodule"
+    ]
+
+
+def _assert_submodule_runs_without_isolation(call: Any, repo_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Assert a git submodule call ran with plain cwd, not GIT_DIR/GIT_WORK_TREE
+    isolation, which breaks the submodule porcelain on some installations."""
+    assert call.kwargs.get("git_dir") is None
+    assert call.kwargs.get("cwd") == repo_dir
+
+
 def test_run_git_command_success(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test that run_git_command returns output on success."""
     # Create a simple git repo to test with
@@ -70,6 +133,22 @@ def test_run_git_command_success(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert isinstance(result, str)
 
 
+def test_run_git_command_debug_log_redacts_credentials(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Embedded URL credentials never reach the debug log; -v output is
+    routinely pasted into public issues. subprocess is mocked so no real
+    git ever sees the URL (the path is not creatable on Windows)."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(returncode=0, stdout=b"", stderr=b"")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.git"):
+        git.run_git_command(
+            ["git", "clone", "https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo"],
+            cwd=tmp_path,
+        )
+    assert "hunter2" not in caplog.text
+    assert "://***@github.com/test/repo" in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_run_git_command_with_git_dir_isolation(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
 ) -> None:
@@ -86,10 +165,17 @@ def test_run_git_command_with_git_dir_isolation(
         stderr=b"",
     )
 
-    result = git.run_git_command(
-        ["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"],
-        git_dir=repo_dir,
-    )
+    # Ambient repo-scoping vars simulate a git hook invoking ESPHome; an
+    # ambient GIT_INDEX_FILE surviving into a git_dir invocation fails
+    # silently (git operates on the caller's index and exits 0).
+    with patch.dict(
+        os.environ,
+        {"GIT_INDEX_FILE": "/caller/index", "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY": "/caller/objects"},
+    ):
+        result = git.run_git_command(
+            ["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"],
+            git_dir=repo_dir,
+        )
 
     # Verify subprocess.run was called
     assert mock_subprocess_run.called
@@ -101,6 +187,9 @@ def test_run_git_command_with_git_dir_isolation(
     assert "GIT_WORK_TREE" in env
     assert env["GIT_DIR"] == str(repo_dir / ".git")
     assert env["GIT_WORK_TREE"] == str(repo_dir)
+    # The ambient scoping vars must be stripped, not passed through.
+    assert "GIT_INDEX_FILE" not in env
+    assert "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY" not in env
 
     assert result == "test output"
 
@@ -158,6 +247,347 @@ def test_run_git_command_strips_fatal_prefix(
     assert "repository not found" in str(exc_info.value)
 
 
+def _git_failure(stderr: bytes, returncode: int = 128) -> Mock:
+    """Build a failed subprocess.run result with the given stderr."""
+    return Mock(returncode=returncode, stdout=b"", stderr=stderr)
+
+
+_GIT_OK = Mock(returncode=0, stdout=b"ok", stderr=b"")
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_retries_transient_then_succeeds(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A transient network failure is retried and the retry's result returned."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+            b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep:
+        result = git.run_git_command(
+            ["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", "https://github.com/test/repo", "x"],
+            network=True,
+        )
+
+    assert result == "ok"
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 2
+    mock_sleep.assert_called_once_with(2)
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_gives_up_after_max_attempts(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A persistent transient-looking failure raises after the final attempt."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = lambda *args, **kwargs: _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+        b"server certificate verification failed. CAfile: none CRLfile: none\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="certificate verification failed"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 3
+    assert [c.args[0] for c in mock_sleep.call_args_list] == [2, 4]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("stderr", "transient"),
+    [
+        # Transient: DNS, TLS, dropped connections, server-side errors
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': The requested URL returned error: 502", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Could not resolve host: github.com", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Failed to connect: Timed out", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Recv failure: Connection reset", True),
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': Connection refused", True),
+        ("fatal: early EOF\nfatal: fetch-pack: invalid index-pack output", True),
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; HTTP 500 curl 22 The requested URL returned "
+                "error: 500\nfatal: expected flush after ref listing"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "unable to access 'https://x/': server certificate verification "
+                "failed. CAfile: none CRLfile: none"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error (-110)\n"
+                "fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "fetch-pack: unexpected disconnect while reading sideband packet\n"
+                "fatal: early EOF"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        # 429 rate limiting is the one retryable 4xx, in both curl forms
+        ("unable to access 'https://x/': The requested URL returned error: 429", True),
+        ("error: RPC failed; HTTP 429 curl 22\nfatal: expected flush", True),
+        (
+            (
+                "unable to access 'https://x/': OpenSSL SSL_read: error:0A000126:"
+                "SSL routines::unexpected eof while reading, errno 0"
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        # Permanent: missing repo, auth, bad ref, other 4xx
+        ("fatal: repository 'https://github.com/test/repo/' not found", False),
+        (
+            (
+                "fatal: could not read Username for 'https://github.com': "
+                "terminal prompts disabled"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        ("fatal: couldn't find remote ref refs/heads/nope", False),
+        (
+            (
+                "unable to access 'https://github.com/org/private.git/': "
+                "The requested URL returned error: 403"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        ("fatal: Authentication failed for 'https://github.com/test/repo/'", False),
+        # Smart-HTTP (HTTP/2) 4xx form has no "returned error:" text and
+        # mixes in transient-looking wording; still permanent
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; HTTP 403 curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 5 was not "
+                "closed cleanly: CANCEL (err 8)\nfatal: expected flush after "
+                "ref listing"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "error: RPC failed; HTTP 404 curl 22\n"
+                "fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly"
+            ),
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            (
+                "fatal: unable to access 'https://x/': gnutls_handshake() "
+                "failed: The TLS connection was non-properly terminated."
+            ),
+            True,
+        ),
+        # Transient-looking tokens in the URL must not classify as transient
+        ("fatal: repository 'https://github.com/x/esp32_ssl_reader/' not found", False),
+        ("fatal: repository 'https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls.git/' not found", False),
+        ("", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_transient_git_error(stderr: str, transient: bool) -> None:
+    """Real-world stderr outputs classify correctly as transient or permanent."""
+    assert git._is_transient_git_error(stderr) is transient
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_no_retry_on_permanent_error(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Permanent failures (missing repo, auth, bad ref) fail on the first try."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: repository 'https://github.com/test/repo/' not found\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_no_retry_when_git_missing(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A missing git binary is not transient and must not be retried."""
+    from esphome.git import GitNotInstalledError
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = FileNotFoundError("git not found")
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitNotInstalledError),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_no_retry_by_default(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
+    """Without network=True even a transient-looking failure is not retried."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+        b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "status"])
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_network_retry_matches_full_stderr_not_last_line(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """The transient marker often sits above the final fatal line; the retry
+    decision must look at the full stderr, not just the extracted message."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"error: RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error (-54)\n"
+            b"fatal: fetch-pack: invalid index-pack output\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.time.sleep"):
+        result = git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert result == "ok"
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_retry_warning_redacts_credentials(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The retry warning embeds the git error, which embeds the URL; embedded
+    credentials must be redacted since warnings end up in pasted logs."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"fatal: unable to access 'https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo/': "
+            b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.git"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert "hunter2" not in caplog.text
+    assert "://***@github.com/test/repo" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_clone_retry_removes_leftover_destination(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A partial clone destination left by a failed attempt is removed before
+    the retry, so the retry cannot fail on 'destination path already exists'."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "leftover_clone"
+    dest.mkdir()
+    (dest / "partial").write_text("x")
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.side_effect = [
+        _git_failure(
+            b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+            b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+        ),
+        _GIT_OK,
+    ]
+
+    with patch("esphome.git.time.sleep"):
+        result = git.run_git_command(
+            [
+                "git",
+                "clone",
+                "--depth=1",
+                "--",
+                "https://github.com/test/repo",
+                str(dest),
+            ],
+            network=True,
+            retry_cleanup=dest,
+        )
+
+    assert result == "ok"
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 2
+    assert not dest.exists()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_cleanup_failure_reraises_original_error(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """When the pre-retry cleanup fails, the git error stays the reported
+    cause instead of being replaced by the cleanup OSError."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "leftover_clone"
+    dest.mkdir()
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+        b"Could not resolve host: github.com\n"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.rmtree", side_effect=OSError("locked")),
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="Could not resolve host"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(
+            ["git", "clone", "--depth=1", "--", "https://github.com/test/repo", "x"],
+            network=True,
+            retry_cleanup=dest,
+        )
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_no_retry_on_empty_stderr_failure(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A failure with no stderr (e.g. git killed by a signal) is not retried."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(b"", returncode=1)
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="git exited with code 1"),
+    ):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+    mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_non_utf8_stderr_does_not_crash(
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Locale-encoded (non-UTF-8) stderr must not raise UnicodeDecodeError."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = _git_failure(
+        b"fatal: repositorio no encontrado \xe9\xff\n"
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="repositorio no encontrado"):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin"], network=True)
+
+    assert mock_subprocess_run.call_count == 1
+
+
 def test_run_git_command_without_git_dir(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
     """Test that run_git_command works without git_dir (clone case)."""
     # Configure mock to return success
@@ -186,6 +616,89 @@ def test_run_git_command_without_git_dir(mock_subprocess_run: Mock) -> None:
     assert result == "Cloning into 'test_repo'..."
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("relative", [False, True], ids=["absolute", "relative"])
+def test_run_git_command_with_cwd_runs_in_dir_without_isolation(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    relative: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """The cwd parameter sets the working directory without GIT_DIR/GIT_WORK_TREE.
+
+    Ambient GIT_DIR/GIT_WORK_TREE (e.g. from a git hook or CI wrapper) must be
+    stripped too, and GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES must stop git from walking up to
+    an enclosing repository if the target repo's .git is missing or corrupt.
+    Git silently ignores a relative ceiling entry, so the variable must come
+    out absolute even when the given cwd is relative.
+    """
+    repo_dir = tmp_path / "test_repo"
+    repo_dir.mkdir()
+    if relative:
+        monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+        cwd_arg = Path("test_repo")
+    else:
+        cwd_arg = repo_dir
+
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(
+        returncode=0,
+        stdout=b"test output",
+        stderr=b"",
+    )
+
+    with patch.dict(
+        os.environ,
+        {
+            "GIT_DIR": "/ambient/.git",
+            "GIT_WORK_TREE": "/ambient",
+            "GIT_INDEX_FILE": "/ambient/.git/index",
+        },
+    ):
+        result = git.run_git_command(["git", "submodule", "update"], cwd=cwd_arg)
+
+    call_args = mock_subprocess_run.call_args
+    env = call_args[1]["env"]
+    assert "GIT_DIR" not in env
+    assert "GIT_WORK_TREE" not in env
+    assert "GIT_INDEX_FILE" not in env
+    ceiling = Path(env["GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES"])
+    assert ceiling.is_absolute()
+    assert ceiling.samefile(tmp_path)
+    assert call_args[1]["cwd"] == cwd_arg
+    assert result == "test output"
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_raises_on_nonfatal_stderr(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Nonzero exit with stderr lacking a fatal: prefix raises with full stderr."""
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(
+        returncode=1,
+        stdout=b"",
+        stderr=b"error: pathspec 'nope' did not match any file(s)\n",
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="did not match"):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "checkout", "nope"], git_dir=tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_run_git_command_raises_on_nonzero_exit_without_stderr(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_subprocess_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A nonzero exit must raise even when git printed nothing to stderr.
+
+    Silent nonzero exits were previously treated as success, which is how
+    broken checkouts could be cached as complete.
+    """
+    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = Mock(
+        returncode=1,
+        stdout=b"",
+        stderr=b"",
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="exited with code 1"):
+        git.run_git_command(["git", "submodule", "update"], cwd=tmp_path)
+
+
 def test_run_git_command_without_git_dir_raises_error(
     mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
 ) -> None:
@@ -217,6 +730,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_never_refresh(
     repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
     git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
     git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
 
     # Create FETCH_HEAD file with current timestamp
     fetch_head = git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -250,6 +764,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_skips_when_core_skip_external_update(
     repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
     git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
     git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
     (git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD").write_text("test")
 
     CORE.skip_external_update = True
@@ -281,6 +796,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_refresh_updates_old_repo(
     repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
     git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
     git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
 
     # Create FETCH_HEAD file with old timestamp (2 days ago)
     fetch_head = git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -314,7 +830,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_refresh_updates_old_repo(
 
 
 def test_clone_or_update_with_refresh_skips_fresh_repo(
-    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
 ) -> None:
     """Test that refresh doesn't update fresh repos."""
     # Set up CORE.config_path so data_dir uses tmp_path
@@ -329,6 +845,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_refresh_skips_fresh_repo(
     repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
     git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
     git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
 
     # Create FETCH_HEAD file with recent timestamp (1 hour ago)
     fetch_head = git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -338,20 +855,74 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_refresh_skips_fresh_repo(
     # Set modification time to 1 hour ago
     os.utime(fetch_head, (recent_time, recent_time))
 
+    # Freeze the clock at 1 hour (plus a margin larger than any filesystem
+    # mtime rounding) after the mtime so the logged countdown is deterministic
+    frozen_now = fetch_head.stat().st_mtime + 3600.5
+
     # Call with refresh=1d (1 day)
     refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
-    result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
-        url=url,
-        ref=ref,
-        refresh=refresh,
-        domain=domain,
-    )
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.time.time", return_value=frozen_now),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO, logger="esphome.git"),
+    ):
+        result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
 
     # Should NOT call git fetch since repo is fresh
     mock_run_git_command.assert_not_called()
     assert result_dir == repo_dir
     assert revert is None
 
+    # Should tell the user the update was skipped and when the next refresh is
+    assert f"Skipping update for {url}@{ref}" in caplog.text
+    assert "will refresh on the next run after 22h 59min" in caplog.text
+    assert "(refresh: 1d)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_with_refresh_never_logs_refresh_disabled(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a config-level refresh: never skips without a countdown log."""
+    # Set up CORE.config_path so data_dir uses tmp_path
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = None
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    # Create the git repo directory structure
+    repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
+    git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
+
+    # Create FETCH_HEAD file with current timestamp
+    fetch_head = git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD"
+    fetch_head.write_text("test")
+
+    # refresh: never validates to 365250 days, not the NEVER_REFRESH sentinel
+    refresh = cv.source_refresh("never")
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.git"):
+        result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
+
+    mock_run_git_command.assert_not_called()
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert revert is None
+
+    # Should log refresh disabled at debug level, not a countdown
+    assert f"Skipping update for {url}@{ref} (refresh disabled)" in caplog.text
+    assert "will refresh on the next run" not in caplog.text
+
 
 def test_clone_or_update_clones_missing_repo(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
@@ -371,6 +942,8 @@ def test_clone_or_update_clones_missing_repo(
     # repo_dir should NOT exist
     assert not repo_dir.exists()
 
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
     # Test with NEVER_REFRESH - should still clone since repo doesn't exist
     result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
         url=url,
@@ -405,6 +978,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_none_refresh_always_updates(
     repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
     git_dir = repo_dir / ".git"
     git_dir.mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
 
     # Create FETCH_HEAD file with very recent timestamp (1 second ago)
     fetch_head = git_dir / "FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -444,10 +1018,10 @@ def test_clone_or_update_with_none_refresh_always_updates(
             "ambiguous argument 'HEAD': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.",
         ),
         ("stash", "fatal: unable to write new index file"),
-        (
-            "fetch",
-            "fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': Could not resolve host",
-        ),
+        # The fetch failure must be non-transient: a transient one (e.g.
+        # "Could not resolve host") now keeps the existing clone instead of
+        # triggering recovery.
+        ("fetch", "fatal: couldn't find remote ref main"),
         ("reset", "fatal: Could not reset index file to revision 'FETCH_HEAD'"),
     ],
 )
@@ -486,6 +1060,9 @@ def test_clone_or_update_recovers_from_git_failures(
         # Default successful responses
         if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
             return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            # Simulate the recovery re-clone creating the repo directory
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
         return ""
 
     mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
@@ -511,6 +1088,236 @@ def test_clone_or_update_recovers_from_git_failures(
     assert result_dir == repo_dir
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fetch_head_preexists", [True, False])
+def test_clone_or_update_transient_fetch_keeps_existing_clone(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    fetch_head_preexists: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """A transient network failure while refreshing a verified clone falls back
+    to the existing clone instead of destroying it with a recovery re-clone."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+    if not fetch_head_preexists:
+        # First-ever refresh: age comes from HEAD, FETCH_HEAD absent
+        (repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD").unlink()
+        head = repo_dir / ".git" / "HEAD"
+        head.write_text("test")
+        old_time = time.time() - 2 * 86400
+        os.utime(head, (old_time, old_time))
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "fetch":
+            # A failed fetch still freshens FETCH_HEAD, like real git
+            (repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD").touch()
+            stderr = (
+                "fatal: unable to access "
+                "'https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo/': "
+                "Could not resolve host: github.com"
+            )
+            raise GitCommandError(stderr, stderr=stderr)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.git"):
+        result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
+
+    # The existing clone is returned, not removed or re-cloned
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert repo_dir.is_dir()
+    assert revert is None
+    assert not any(
+        _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "clone"
+        for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+    )
+    # The completion marker must be restored, or the next run treats the
+    # entry as an incomplete clone and removes it
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+    # The warning must say what the build will actually use and how stale it is
+    assert "using the existing clone at abc123" in caplog.text
+    assert "ago" in caplog.text
+    # Credentials embedded in the URL must not reach the warning log
+    assert "hunter2" not in caplog.text
+    assert "://***@github.com/test/repo" in caplog.text
+    # The FETCH_HEAD the failed fetch freshened must not survive, or the
+    # refresh window would suppress retrying the update on subsequent runs
+    fetch_head = repo_dir / ".git" / "FETCH_HEAD"
+    if fetch_head_preexists:
+        assert time.time() - fetch_head.stat().st_mtime > refresh.total_seconds
+    else:
+        assert not fetch_head.exists()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_timestamp_restore_failure_routes_to_recovery(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """If the FETCH_HEAD restore fails, the fallback cannot stay honest, so
+    the git error must route through recovery instead of a raw OSError."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    call_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type:
+            call_counts[cmd_type] = call_counts.get(cmd_type, 0) + 1
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "fetch" and call_counts[cmd_type] == 1:
+            stderr = (
+                "fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/repo/': "
+                "Could not resolve host: github.com"
+            )
+            raise GitCommandError(stderr, stderr=stderr)
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.os.utime", side_effect=OSError("read-only")),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.git"),
+    ):
+        result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert "Could not restore the refresh timestamp" in caplog.text
+    # Recovery re-cloned rather than surfacing the OSError
+    assert call_counts.get("clone", 0) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "refresh", [None, TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)], ids=["clone", "refresh"]
+)
+def test_clone_or_update_network_commands_carry_retry_flag(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, refresh: TimePeriodSeconds | None
+) -> None:
+    """clone/fetch/submodule opt into transient-failure retry; local commands
+    (rev-parse, stash, reset) must not, so a refactor cannot silently drop or
+    widen the retry wiring."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    if refresh is None:
+        mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(
+            repo_dir, gitmodules=True
+        )
+    else:
+        _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+        (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        mock_run_git_command.return_value = "abc123"
+
+    git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=ref,
+        refresh=refresh,
+        domain=domain,
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for call in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(call.args[0])
+        seen.add(cmd_type)
+        if cmd_type in ("clone", "fetch", "submodule"):
+            assert call.kwargs.get("network") is True, cmd_type
+        else:
+            assert "network" not in call.kwargs, cmd_type
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            assert call.kwargs.get("retry_cleanup") == repo_dir
+
+    expected = {"fetch", "reset", "submodule"}
+    expected |= {"clone"} if refresh is None else {"rev-parse", "stash"}
+    assert expected <= seen
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_transient_submodule_failure_still_recovers(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A transient failure after the reset (submodules) leaves a half-updated
+    tree, so it must route through recovery instead of keeping the clone."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+    (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+
+    call_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type:
+            call_counts[cmd_type] = call_counts.get(cmd_type, 0) + 1
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        if cmd_type == "submodule" and call_counts[cmd_type] == 1:
+            stderr = (
+                "fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/test/sub/': "
+                "Could not resolve host: github.com"
+            )
+            raise GitCommandError(stderr, stderr=stderr)
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+            (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=None,
+        refresh=refresh,
+        domain=domain,
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    # The half-updated tree must be recovered via re-clone, not kept
+    assert call_counts.get("clone", 0) == 1
+
+
 def test_clone_or_update_fails_when_recovery_also_fails(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
 ) -> None:
@@ -813,6 +1620,273 @@ def test_clone_or_update_stale_clone_is_retried_after_cleanup(
     assert call_count["fetch"] == 2
 
 
+def test_clone_or_update_recloned_when_marker_missing_with_never_refresh(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A repo dir without the completion marker is an interrupted clone.
+
+    It must be removed and re-cloned even with NEVER_REFRESH, which would
+    otherwise trust the broken directory forever.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "1.8.4"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    # Simulate an interrupted clone: directory exists, no marker
+    repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir()
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=ref, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+    )
+
+    clone_calls = [c for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list if "clone" in c[0][0]]
+    assert len(clone_calls) == 1
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    # The fresh clone completed, so the marker must now be present
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_recloned_when_marker_missing_with_skip_external_update(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """skip_external_update must not preserve an interrupted clone."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir()
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
+    CORE.skip_external_update = True
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+
+    clone_calls = [c for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list if "clone" in c[0][0]]
+    assert len(clone_calls) == 1
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def test_fresh_clone_writes_completion_marker_with_debug_info(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """The marker is written after a fresh clone and records key and hash dir."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
+    git.clone_or_update(url=url, ref=ref, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain)
+
+    marker = _marker_path(repo_dir)
+    assert marker.is_file()
+    content = marker.read_text()
+    assert f"{url}@{ref}" in content
+    assert repo_dir.name in content
+
+
+def test_marker_is_deleted_before_rmtree(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """The marker must be gone even if rmtree fails partway.
+
+    Simulated by an rmtree that does nothing: the directory survives but the
+    marker must already have been deleted, so the next run still re-clones
+    instead of trusting a partially deleted worktree.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "stash":
+            raise GitCommandError("fatal: unable to write new index file")
+        return "abc123"
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.git.rmtree"),
+        pytest.raises(GitCommandError),
+    ):
+        git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url, ref=ref, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+        )
+
+    # rmtree never deleted anything, yet the marker is gone
+    assert repo_dir.is_dir()
+    assert not _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def test_failed_marker_write_does_not_fail_the_clone(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A marker write failure must not fail an otherwise complete clone.
+
+    The clone is valid; the missing marker only costs a re-clone on the next
+    run, so the error is logged as a warning instead of propagating.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.git.write_file", side_effect=EsphomeError("Could not write file")
+    ):
+        result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url, ref=None, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+        )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert not _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+    assert "Could not write clone completion marker" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_corrupt_git_dir_without_head_recovers(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A .git with neither FETCH_HEAD nor HEAD must recover, not crash.
+
+    The age check stats FETCH_HEAD falling back to HEAD; if both are gone
+    (partially deleted clone) the stat raised an unhandled FileNotFoundError
+    before the broken-repository recovery could run.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    # Marker present but .git gutted: no FETCH_HEAD, no HEAD
+    repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            raise GitCommandError("ambiguous argument 'HEAD': unknown revision")
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    clone_calls = [c for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list if "clone" in c[0][0]]
+    assert len(clone_calls) == 1
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def test_remove_repo_dir_tolerates_marker_unlink_failure(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A locked marker file must not abort the directory removal."""
+    repo_dir = tmp_path / "repo"
+    repo_dir.mkdir()
+    (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir()
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
+
+    with patch.object(Path, "unlink", side_effect=PermissionError("locked")):
+        git._remove_repo_dir(repo_dir)
+
+    # rmtree still removed the directory, marker included
+    assert not repo_dir.exists()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_recovery_preserves_subpath(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Recovery must re-clone into the same subpath-ed directory.
+
+    Without passing subpath through, the recursive recovery call would
+    recompute the destination without the subpath and clone (and write the
+    completion marker) at the wrong location.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "main"
+    domain = "test"
+    subpath = Path("mylib")
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain) / subpath
+
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    call_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type:
+            call_counts[cmd_type] = call_counts.get(cmd_type, 0) + 1
+        # First rev-parse fails (broken repo) to trigger recovery
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse" and call_counts[cmd_type] == 1:
+            raise GitCommandError(
+                "ambiguous argument 'HEAD': unknown revision or path not in the working tree."
+            )
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            # Create whatever directory the clone was asked to target
+            target = Path(cmd[-1])
+            target.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            (target / ".git").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        if cmd_type == "rev-parse":
+            return "abc123"
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=ref,
+        refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1),
+        domain=domain,
+        subpath=subpath,
+    )
+
+    # The recovery re-clone must target the subpath-ed directory and the
+    # completion marker must land there too
+    clone_calls = [c for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list if "clone" in c[0][0]]
+    assert len(clone_calls) == 1
+    assert clone_calls[0][0][0][-1] == str(repo_dir)
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
 def test_clone_with_ref_uses_shallow_fetch(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
 ) -> None:
@@ -849,46 +1923,6 @@ def test_clone_with_ref_uses_shallow_fetch(
     assert ref in fetch_calls[0][0][0]
 
 
-def test_clone_with_submodules_uses_shallow_submodule_update(
-    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
-) -> None:
-    """Submodule init on a fresh clone should use --depth=1."""
-    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
-
-    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
-    domain = "test"
-    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
-
-    def git_command_side_effect(
-        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> str:
-        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "clone":
-            repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-        return ""
-
-    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
-
-    git.clone_or_update(
-        url=url,
-        ref=None,
-        refresh=None,
-        domain=domain,
-        submodules=["components/foo"],
-    )
-
-    submodule_calls = [
-        c for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list if "submodule" in c[0][0]
-    ]
-    assert len(submodule_calls) == 1
-    cmd = submodule_calls[0][0][0]
-    assert "--depth=1" in cmd
-    assert "components/foo" in cmd
-    # The `--` terminator must precede the submodule paths so a path
-    # beginning with `-` cannot be parsed as an option.
-    assert cmd.index("--") < cmd.index("components/foo")
-
-
 def test_refresh_fetch_is_shallow(tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock) -> None:
     """The refresh-path fetch should use --depth=1."""
     CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
@@ -913,10 +1947,91 @@ def test_refresh_fetch_is_shallow(tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock) ->
     assert cmd[-1] == ref
 
 
-def test_refresh_submodule_update_is_shallow(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "refresh", [None, TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)], ids=["clone", "refresh"]
+)
+def test_all_submodules_skipped_without_gitmodules(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, refresh: TimePeriodSeconds | None
+) -> None:
+    """init_submodules is a no-op for repos with no .gitmodules.
+
+    This is the esp-idf toolchain library scenario from issue #17860: the
+    PlatformIO library converter requests "all submodules" for every git
+    library, and most libraries declare none. The git submodule porcelain
+    must not run at all in that case — it fails outright on some git
+    installations.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    if refresh is None:
+        mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+    else:
+        _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+        mock_run_git_command.return_value = "abc123"
+
+    git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=None,
+        refresh=refresh,
+        domain=domain,
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    assert not _submodule_calls(mock_run_git_command)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "refresh", [None, TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)], ids=["clone", "refresh"]
+)
+def test_all_submodules_updated_with_gitmodules(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, refresh: TimePeriodSeconds | None
+) -> None:
+    """init_submodules initializes all submodules when .gitmodules exists."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    if refresh is None:
+        mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(
+            repo_dir, gitmodules=True
+        )
+    else:
+        _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+        (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        mock_run_git_command.return_value = "abc123"
+
+    git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=None,
+        refresh=refresh,
+        domain=domain,
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    submodule_calls = _submodule_calls(mock_run_git_command)
+    # Which submodules get populated is git's own policy, so no status
+    # verification follows the update.
+    assert len(submodule_calls) == 1
+    cmd = submodule_calls[0][0][0]
+    assert cmd[2] == "update"
+    assert "--depth=1" in cmd
+    # Recursive, mirroring PlatformIO's recursive library clones.
+    assert "--recursive" in cmd
+    _assert_submodule_runs_without_isolation(submodule_calls[0], repo_dir)
+
+
+def test_recovery_reclone_keeps_credentials_and_cache_key(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
 ) -> None:
-    """The refresh-path submodule update should use --depth=1."""
+    """The recovery re-clone must not re-apply credentials to the already
+    rewritten URL (no doubled userinfo) and must land in the same cache
+    directory, or a credentialed private repo re-clones on every run."""
     CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
 
     url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
@@ -924,24 +2039,820 @@ def test_refresh_submodule_update_is_shallow(
     repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
 
     _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
-    mock_run_git_command.return_value = "abc123"
+    (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
 
-    git.clone_or_update(
+    calls = {"submodule": 0}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "submodule":
+            calls["submodule"] += 1
+            if calls["submodule"] == 1:
+                raise git.GitCommandError("git submodule update exited with code 1")
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    recovered_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
         url=url,
         ref=None,
         refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1),
         domain=domain,
-        submodules=["components/foo"],
+        username="user",
+        password="hunter2",
+        init_submodules=True,
     )
 
-    submodule_calls = [
-        c for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list if "submodule" in c[0][0]
+    assert recovered_dir == repo_dir
+    clone_cmds = [
+        c[0][0]
+        for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+        if _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "clone"
     ]
-    assert len(submodule_calls) == 1
-    cmd = submodule_calls[0][0][0]
-    assert "--depth=1" in cmd
-    assert "components/foo" in cmd
-    assert cmd.index("--") < cmd.index("components/foo")
+    assert clone_cmds
+    clone_url = clone_cmds[0][-2]
+    assert clone_url == "https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo"
+    assert clone_url.count("@") == 1
+
+
+def test_refresh_submodule_failure_recovers_then_raises(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A refresh-path submodule failure routes through the recovery re-clone.
+
+    The broken repo is removed and re-cloned; when the submodule update fails
+    again on the fresh clone the cache entry is removed and the error
+    propagates, instead of leaving behind a repo the refresh window would
+    silently accept on the next run.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+    (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "clone":
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+            (repo_dir / ".gitmodules").write_text("test")
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "submodule":
+            raise git.GitCommandError("git submodule update exited with code 1")
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    with pytest.raises(git.GitCommandError, match="exited with code 1"):
+        git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=None,
+            refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1),
+            domain=domain,
+            init_submodules=True,
+        )
+
+    assert not repo_dir.is_dir()
+    # Recovery removed the repo and re-cloned before failing again.
+    assert any(
+        _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "clone"
+        for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+    )
+
+
+def _lock_path(url: str, ref: str | None, domain: str) -> Path:
+    """The lock file the implementation uses for one cache entry."""
+    return git._repo_lock_path(git._cache_key(url, ref), domain)
+
+
+class _SetEventOnWaitLog(logging.Handler):
+    """Set an event when the 'Waiting for another process' record is emitted,
+    so tests can react to a caller observably blocking on the lock instead of
+    racing a wall-clock timer."""
+
+    def __init__(self, event: threading.Event) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._event = event
+
+    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        if "Waiting for another process" in record.getMessage():
+            self._event.set()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_serializes_concurrent_clones(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Two concurrent callers for the same uncached repo must not both clone.
+
+    Without the per-entry lock both callers pass the is_dir() check before
+    either clone finishes, so the second one either clones on top of the
+    first or reads a half populated worktree (device-builder issue 2425).
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+
+    start_together = threading.Barrier(2)
+    other_caller_waiting = threading.Event()
+
+    def on_clone() -> None:
+        # Hold the lock until the other caller is observably blocked on it,
+        # so the interleaving is guaranteed rather than raced on a timer.
+        assert other_caller_waiting.wait(timeout=30)
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(
+        repo_dir, on_clone=on_clone
+    )
+
+    results: list[Path] = []
+    errors: list[BaseException] = []
+
+    def call() -> None:
+        try:
+            start_together.wait()
+            result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+                url=url, ref=None, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+            )
+            results.append(result_dir)
+        except BaseException as err:  # noqa: BLE001 - re-raised via errors below
+            errors.append(err)
+
+    handler = _SetEventOnWaitLog(other_caller_waiting)
+    git_logger = logging.getLogger("esphome.git")
+    git_logger.addHandler(handler)
+    try:
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+            threads = [threading.Thread(target=call) for _ in range(2)]
+            for t in threads:
+                t.start()
+            for t in threads:
+                t.join()
+    finally:
+        git_logger.removeHandler(handler)
+
+    assert not errors
+    assert results == [repo_dir, repo_dir]
+    clone_calls = [
+        c
+        for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+        if _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "clone"
+    ]
+    # The second caller waited for the lock, then saw the completed clone.
+    assert len(clone_calls) == 1
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_creates_lock_file_next_to_hash_dir(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """The lock file lives beside the hash dir, never inside it.
+
+    Checked while the clone runs (the lock is held): filelock's Windows
+    backend deletes the lock file on release, so probing after the call
+    would only work on Unix.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    lock_path = _lock_path(url, None, domain)
+    lock_held_during_clone: list[bool] = []
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(
+        repo_dir, on_clone=lambda: lock_held_during_clone.append(lock_path.is_file())
+    )
+
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert lock_path.parent == repo_dir.parent
+    assert lock_held_during_clone == [True]
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_subpath_locks_at_hash_dir_level(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """With a subpath the lock still guards the whole hash dir cache entry."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    hash_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    repo_dir = hash_dir / "lib"
+    lock_path = _lock_path(url, None, domain)
+    lock_held_during_clone: list[bool] = []
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(
+        repo_dir, on_clone=lambda: lock_held_during_clone.append(lock_path.is_file())
+    )
+
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url,
+        ref=None,
+        refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH,
+        domain=domain,
+        subpath=Path("lib"),
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert lock_path == hash_dir.parent / f"{hash_dir.name}.lock"
+    assert lock_held_during_clone == [True]
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_recovery_holds_lock_without_deadlock(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Recovery re-clones while holding the lock and must not re-acquire it.
+
+    A naive re-acquisition would deadlock here, since OS file locks taken on
+    separate descriptors conflict even within one process. The lock file
+    itself must survive the recovery rmtree of the broken repo dir: the
+    re-clone runs after the rmtree, so probing the lock file there proves
+    it. Probing after the call would only work on Unix, since filelock's
+    Windows backend deletes the lock file on release.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    lock_path = _lock_path(url, None, domain)
+    lock_held_during_reclone: list[bool] = []
+
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "stash":
+            raise git.GitCommandError("broken repository")
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "clone":
+            lock_held_during_reclone.append(lock_path.is_file())
+            _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    recovered_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+
+    assert recovered_dir == repo_dir
+    assert lock_held_during_reclone == [True]
+
+
+def _hold_lock_in_thread(lock_path: Path) -> tuple[threading.Thread, threading.Event]:
+    """Hold the lock from another thread; returns the thread and its release event.
+
+    OS file locks taken on separate descriptors conflict even within one
+    process, so a second FileLock instance in a thread contends the same
+    way another process would.
+    """
+    held = threading.Event()
+    release = threading.Event()
+
+    def hold() -> None:
+        with FileLock(str(lock_path)):
+            held.set()
+            release.wait(timeout=30)
+
+    holder = threading.Thread(target=hold)
+    holder.start()
+    assert held.wait(timeout=30)
+    return holder, release
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_logs_wait_on_contended_lock(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A contended acquire logs a redacted waiting message instead of
+    silently blocking."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://user:hunter2@github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
+    holder, release = _hold_lock_in_thread(_lock_path(url, None, domain))
+
+    # Free the lock only once the waiting message has been emitted, so the
+    # release is caused by the thing being asserted instead of racing it.
+    handler = _SetEventOnWaitLog(release)
+    git_logger = logging.getLogger("esphome.git")
+    git_logger.addHandler(handler)
+    try:
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+            result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+                url=url, ref=None, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+            )
+    finally:
+        git_logger.removeHandler(handler)
+        release.set()
+    holder.join()
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    waiting = [
+        r.getMessage()
+        for r in caplog.records
+        if "Waiting for another process" in r.getMessage()
+    ]
+    assert len(waiting) == 1
+    assert "hunter2" not in waiting[0]
+    assert "://***@" in waiting[0]
+
+
+def test_revert_skips_on_contended_lock(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """revert() only runs on an already-failing path; when it cannot get the
+    lock within the bounded timeout it warns and skips instead of hanging."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    monkeypatch.setattr(git, "_REVERT_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS", 0.05)
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    # A bare return value satisfies the rev-parse; the other commands'
+    # outputs are unused.
+    mock_run_git_command.return_value = "old_sha"
+
+    _, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+    assert revert is not None
+
+    holder, release = _hold_lock_in_thread(_lock_path(url, None, domain))
+    calls_before = len(mock_run_git_command.call_args_list)
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        assert revert() is False
+    release.set()
+    holder.join()
+
+    # No git reset was issued; the wait and the skip were both logged.
+    assert len(mock_run_git_command.call_args_list) == calls_before
+    assert any("Waiting for another process" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records)
+    assert any("skipping revert" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_update_clears_marker_while_rewriting(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """The completion marker is absent while a refresh rewrites the entry
+    and restored once the rewrite finishes, so a timed-out peer's fallback
+    never trusts a mid-rewrite tree and a crashed update re-clones."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    marker_during_rewrite: list[bool] = []
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) in ("stash", "fetch", "reset"):
+            marker_during_rewrite.append(_marker_path(repo_dir).is_file())
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+
+    assert marker_during_rewrite == [False, False, False]
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def test_revert_skips_when_checkout_moved(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """revert() only undoes this process's own update; when another process
+    refreshed the entry in the meantime it skips instead of rolling the
+    peer's newer checkout backwards."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    # Pre-update SHA, post-update SHA, then a peer's SHA at revert time.
+    shas = iter(["old_sha", "new_sha", "peer_sha"])
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "rev-parse":
+            return next(shas)
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    _, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+    assert revert is not None
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        assert revert() is False
+
+    resets = [
+        c[0][0]
+        for c in mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+        if _get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) == "reset" and c[0][0][-1] == "old_sha"
+    ]
+    assert resets == []
+    assert any("checkout moved" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_revert_returns_false_when_reset_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed git reset inside revert() is reported through the bool
+    contract instead of raising a cv.Invalid that would replace the
+    caller's original error."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        if _get_git_command_type(cmd) == "rev-parse":
+            return "old_sha"
+        # Only revert's reset targets the recorded SHA; the update path's
+        # reset targets FETCH_HEAD and must succeed.
+        if cmd[-1] == "old_sha":
+            raise git.GitCommandError("object not found")
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    _, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+    )
+    assert revert is not None
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        assert revert() is False
+
+    assert any("Could not revert" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records)
+    # The entry cannot be trusted after a failed reset; the dropped marker
+    # forces a re-clone on the next use.
+    assert not _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def _raise_oserror_on_acquire(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, code: int = errno.ENOLCK
+) -> None:
+    """Make every FileLock acquire fail with the given errno."""
+
+    def broken_acquire(self: FileLock, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        raise OSError(code, os.strerror(code))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(FileLock, "acquire", broken_acquire)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("code", "expected_fragment"),
+    [
+        # Genuinely missing lock support is reported as such.
+        (errno.ENOLCK, "does not support locking"),
+        # A cache directory problem is not blamed on lock support; git
+        # reports the real error when it actually matters.
+        (errno.EROFS, "Could not take the cache entry lock"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_clone_or_update_continues_unlocked_when_filesystem_cannot_lock(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    code: int,
+    expected_fragment: str,
+) -> None:
+    """A filesystem where taking the lock fails (e.g. NFS without a lock
+    daemon) degrades to the old unlocked behavior instead of failing."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+    _raise_oserror_on_acquire(monkeypatch, code)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url, ref=None, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+        )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+    warnings = [
+        r.getMessage()
+        for r in caplog.records
+        if "continuing without a lock" in r.getMessage()
+    ]
+    assert warnings
+    assert expected_fragment in warnings[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("broken_from_start", [True, False])
+def test_revert_continues_unlocked_when_filesystem_cannot_lock(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    broken_from_start: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """A revert still resets when locking is unavailable, whether the wrapper
+    already fell back to unlocked (revert sees no lock at all) or the
+    filesystem stops locking between the update and the revert."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    _setup_old_repo(repo_dir)
+
+    # A bare return value satisfies the rev-parse; the other commands'
+    # outputs are unused.
+    mock_run_git_command.return_value = "old_sha"
+
+    if broken_from_start:
+        _raise_oserror_on_acquire(monkeypatch)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        _, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url, ref=None, refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1), domain=domain
+        )
+        assert revert is not None
+        if not broken_from_start:
+            _raise_oserror_on_acquire(monkeypatch)
+        # The reset ran (unlocked), so the revert reports success.
+        assert revert() is True
+
+    assert mock_run_git_command.call_args_list[-1][0][0] == [
+        "git",
+        "reset",
+        "--hard",
+        "old_sha",
+    ]
+    assert any("continuing without a lock" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def _script_acquire_statuses(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, statuses: list["git._LockStatus"]
+) -> list[float]:
+    """Replace _acquire_repo_lock with a scripted sequence; returns the
+    timeouts it was called with."""
+    timeouts: list[float] = []
+    status_iter = iter(statuses)
+
+    def fake_acquire(
+        lock: FileLock, safe_key: str, timeout: float, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> "git._LockStatus":
+        timeouts.append(timeout)
+        return next(status_iter)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(git, "_acquire_repo_lock", fake_acquire)
+    return timeouts
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("subpath", [None, Path("lib")])
+def test_clone_or_update_uses_complete_entry_when_lock_wait_times_out(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    subpath: Path | None,
+) -> None:
+    """A bounded wait behind a stalled holder falls back to an existing
+    complete cache entry instead of hanging every peer."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    if subpath is not None:
+        repo_dir = repo_dir / subpath
+    _simulate_cloned_repo(repo_dir)
+    _mark_clone_complete(repo_dir)
+
+    timeouts = _script_acquire_statuses(monkeypatch, [git._LockStatus.TIMEOUT])
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        result_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=None,
+            refresh=TimePeriodSeconds(days=1),
+            domain=domain,
+            subpath=subpath,
+        )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert revert is None
+    # Nothing was cloned or refreshed; the existing entry was used as-is.
+    assert mock_run_git_command.call_args_list == []
+    assert timeouts == [git._COMPLETE_ENTRY_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS]
+    assert any(
+        "proceeding with the existing clone" in r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records
+    )
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_waits_unbounded_without_complete_entry(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_git_command: Mock,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """With no complete entry there is nothing to fall back to, so after the
+    bounded wait expires the caller keeps waiting for the holder's clone."""
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, None, domain)
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = _make_clone_side_effect(repo_dir)
+
+    timeouts = _script_acquire_statuses(
+        monkeypatch, [git._LockStatus.TIMEOUT, git._LockStatus.ACQUIRED]
+    )
+
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=None, refresh=git.NEVER_REFRESH, domain=domain
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert timeouts == [git._COMPLETE_ENTRY_LOCK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, -1]
+    # The clone proceeded normally once the lock was finally acquired.
+    assert _marker_path(repo_dir).is_file()
+
+
+def _real_git(*args: str, cwd: Path) -> None:
+    """Run real git to build a test fixture repository."""
+    subprocess.run(
+        [
+            "git",
+            "-c",
+            "user.email=test@test.invalid",
+            "-c",
+            "user.name=test",
+            "-c",
+            "commit.gpgsign=false",
+            "-c",
+            "protocol.file.allow=always",
+            *args,
+        ],
+        cwd=cwd,
+        check=True,
+        capture_output=True,
+    )
+
+
+# Git blocks file-protocol submodules by default (CVE-2022-39253); the e2e
+# tests allow them via GIT_CONFIG_* environment variables, which reach the
+# child git processes through run_git_command's filtered environment.
+_ALLOW_FILE_PROTOCOL_ENV = {
+    "GIT_CONFIG_COUNT": "1",
+    "GIT_CONFIG_KEY_0": "protocol.file.allow",
+    "GIT_CONFIG_VALUE_0": "always",
+}
+
+
+def _make_real_repo(path: Path, filename: str) -> None:
+    """Create a real git repository containing one committed file."""
+    path.mkdir()
+    _real_git("init", "-q", cwd=path)
+    (path / filename).write_text("content")
+    _real_git("add", filename, cwd=path)
+    _real_git("commit", "-q", "-m", "init", cwd=path)
+
+
+def _add_submodule(
+    repo: Path, url: Path, path: str, *, update_none: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    """Add ``url`` as a submodule of ``repo`` at ``path`` and commit it."""
+    _real_git("submodule", "add", str(url), path, cwd=repo)
+    if update_none:
+        _real_git(
+            "config", "-f", ".gitmodules", f"submodule.{path}.update", "none", cwd=repo
+        )
+        _real_git("add", ".gitmodules", cwd=repo)
+    _real_git("commit", "-q", "-m", f"add submodule {path}", cwd=repo)
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_real_git_without_submodules(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """End-to-end with real git: a repo with no .gitmodules clones cleanly.
+
+    This is the issue #17860 scenario: requesting "all submodules" on a
+    submodule-less repository must not invoke the git submodule porcelain
+    and must produce a usable checkout.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    upstream = tmp_path / "upstream"
+    _make_real_repo(upstream, "README.md")
+
+    repo_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=str(upstream),
+        ref=None,
+        refresh=None,
+        domain="test_e2e",
+        init_submodules=True,
+    )
+
+    assert (repo_dir / "README.md").is_file()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_real_git_initializes_submodules(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """End-to-end with real git: submodules are actually checked out.
+
+    Exercises the real `git submodule update` invocation, including the
+    env handling in run_git_command that the mocked tests cannot cover.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    sub_repo = tmp_path / "sub"
+    _make_real_repo(sub_repo, "sub_file.txt")
+
+    upstream = tmp_path / "upstream"
+    _make_real_repo(upstream, "README.md")
+    _add_submodule(upstream, sub_repo, "vendor/sub")
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, _ALLOW_FILE_PROTOCOL_ENV):
+        repo_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=str(upstream),
+            ref=None,
+            refresh=None,
+            domain="test_e2e",
+            init_submodules=True,
+        )
+
+    assert (repo_dir / "vendor" / "sub" / "sub_file.txt").is_file()
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_real_git_honors_update_none_submodule(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """End-to-end with real git: submodules declared `update = none` stay skipped.
+
+    Shows git itself skipping the declared paths at both nesting levels
+    (and exiting 0) while the regular submodules check out.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    sub_repo = tmp_path / "sub"
+    _make_real_repo(sub_repo, "sub_file.txt")
+
+    # Intermediate submodule that itself declares a skipped nested submodule.
+    mid_repo = tmp_path / "mid"
+    _make_real_repo(mid_repo, "mid_file.txt")
+    _add_submodule(mid_repo, sub_repo, "vendor/leaf", update_none=True)
+
+    upstream = tmp_path / "upstream"
+    _make_real_repo(upstream, "README.md")
+    _add_submodule(upstream, sub_repo, "vendor/sub")
+    _add_submodule(upstream, sub_repo, "vendor/skipped", update_none=True)
+    _add_submodule(upstream, mid_repo, "vendor/mid")
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, _ALLOW_FILE_PROTOCOL_ENV):
+        repo_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+            url=str(upstream),
+            ref=None,
+            refresh=None,
+            domain="test_e2e",
+            init_submodules=True,
+        )
+
+    assert (repo_dir / "vendor" / "sub" / "sub_file.txt").is_file()
+    assert not (repo_dir / "vendor" / "skipped" / "sub_file.txt").exists()
+    assert (repo_dir / "vendor" / "mid" / "mid_file.txt").is_file()
+    assert not (
+        repo_dir / "vendor" / "mid" / "vendor" / "leaf" / "sub_file.txt"
+    ).exists()
 
 
 def test_refresh_picks_up_new_remote_commits(
@@ -983,7 +2894,8 @@ def test_refresh_picks_up_new_remote_commits(
     # Verify the refresh sequence: rev-parse -> stash -> fetch (depth=1) -> reset
     call_list = mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
     cmd_sequence = [_get_git_command_type(c[0][0]) for c in call_list]
-    assert cmd_sequence == ["rev-parse", "stash", "fetch", "reset"]
+    # The trailing rev-parse records the post-update SHA for revert().
+    assert cmd_sequence == ["rev-parse", "stash", "fetch", "reset", "rev-parse"]
 
     fetch_cmd = call_list[2][0][0]
     assert "--depth=1" in fetch_cmd
@@ -994,7 +2906,7 @@ def test_refresh_picks_up_new_remote_commits(
 
     # revert callback should reset back to the recorded pre-update SHA.
     assert revert is not None
-    revert()
+    assert revert() is True
     assert mock_run_git_command.call_args_list[-1][0][0] == [
         "git",
         "reset",
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_happy_eyeballs.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_happy_eyeballs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccb7aa3c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_happy_eyeballs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+"""Tests for the Happy Eyeballs urllib3 shim."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+import socket
+import threading
+from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.happy_eyeballs import _make_create_connection, ensure_happy_eyeballs
+
+
+def _addr_info(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
+    """Build a getaddrinfo-style result tuple for an IPv4 address."""
+    return (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP, "", (host, port))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def create_connection() -> Any:
+    """A freshly built Happy Eyeballs create_connection replacement."""
+    return _make_create_connection()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def listener() -> Generator[tuple[str, int]]:
+    """A listening TCP socket on localhost; yields its address."""
+    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    server.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+    server.listen(5)
+    yield server.getsockname()
+    server.close()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_gai(listener: tuple[str, int]) -> Generator[Any]:
+    """Resolve every host to two copies of the listener's address."""
+    with patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=[_addr_info(*listener)] * 2) as mock:
+        yield mock
+
+
+def test_ensure_happy_eyeballs_patches_and_is_idempotent(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The shim replaces urllib3's create_connection exactly once."""
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    def stock(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", stock)
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    patched = urllib3.util.connection.create_connection
+    assert patched is not stock
+    assert patched._esphome_patched
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    assert urllib3.util.connection.create_connection is patched
+
+
+def test_ensure_happy_eyeballs_concurrent_first_calls_patch_once(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Worker threads fanning out (download_content_many, run_batch_downloads)
+    may race the first call; the replacement is built exactly once."""
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    from esphome import happy_eyeballs
+
+    def stock(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", stock)
+
+    barrier = threading.Barrier(8)
+    builds: list[int] = []
+    real_make = happy_eyeballs._make_create_connection
+
+    def counting_make() -> Any:
+        builds.append(1)
+        return real_make()
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(happy_eyeballs, "_make_create_connection", counting_make)
+
+    def racer() -> None:
+        barrier.wait(timeout=10)
+        ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+
+    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=8) as ex:
+        list(ex.map(lambda _: racer(), range(8)))
+
+    assert builds == [1]
+    assert urllib3.util.connection.create_connection._esphome_patched
+
+
+def test_connects_and_restores_socket_state(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """The winning socket comes back blocking, with timeout and options set."""
+    sock = create_connection(
+        ("example.com", listener[1]),
+        timeout=5,
+        socket_options=[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)],
+    )
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+        assert sock.gettimeout() == 5
+        assert sock.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY) != 0
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_single_address_connects(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int]
+) -> None:
+    """A host resolving to one address connects through the same path."""
+    with patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=[_addr_info(*listener)]):
+        sock = create_connection(("example.com", listener[1]), timeout=5)
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_falls_back_to_working_address(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """An unreachable first address does not block the working one."""
+    from esphome import happy_eyeballs
+
+    # 192.0.2.1 (TEST-NET-1) blackholes or fails fast depending on the
+    # network; either way the second address must win well within the
+    # timeout instead of waiting out the first. A short stagger keeps the
+    # test's duration network independent.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(happy_eyeballs, "HAPPY_EYEBALLS_DELAY", 0.01)
+    addr_infos = [_addr_info("192.0.2.1", 9), _addr_info(*listener)]
+
+    with patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=addr_infos):
+        sock = create_connection(("example.com", listener[1]), timeout=10)
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_bracketed_ipv6_host_is_stripped(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """A bracketed IPv6 literal is unbracketed before resolution."""
+    sock = create_connection(("[::1]", listener[1]), timeout=5)
+
+    try:
+        assert mock_gai.call_args[0][0] == "::1"
+        assert sock.getpeername() == listener
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_source_address_is_bound(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """The socket binds to the requested source address before connecting."""
+    sock = create_connection(
+        ("example.com", listener[1]),
+        timeout=5,
+        source_address=("127.0.0.1", 0),
+    )
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.getsockname()[0] == "127.0.0.1"
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_socket_factory_failure_closes_socket(
+    listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """A socket-option failure fails the connect instead of leaking sockets.
+
+    Instrumented at ``_set_socket_options`` (which the factory calls with
+    the just-created socket) rather than by patching ``socket.socket``,
+    which is platform dependent: the event loop's internal socketpair use
+    differs between platforms.
+    """
+    created: list[socket.socket] = []
+
+    def failing_set_options(sock: socket.socket, options: Any) -> None:
+        created.append(sock)
+        raise OSError("bad socket option")
+
+    # Patch before building the closure; it binds _set_socket_options at
+    # creation time.
+    with patch("urllib3.util.connection._set_socket_options", new=failing_set_options):
+        create_connection = _make_create_connection()
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            create_connection(
+                ("example.com", listener[1]),
+                timeout=5,
+                socket_options=[(999999, 999999, 1)],
+            )
+
+    assert created, "socket factory never ran"
+    assert all(sock.fileno() == -1 for sock in created), "socket leaked open"
+
+
+def test_default_timeout_yields_blocking_socket(
+    create_connection: Any, listener: tuple[str, int], mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """Without an explicit timeout the socket follows the global default."""
+    sock = create_connection(("example.com", listener[1]))
+
+    try:
+        assert sock.gettimeout() is socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    finally:
+        sock.close()
+
+
+def test_settimeout_failure_closes_socket(
+    create_connection: Any, mock_gai: Any
+) -> None:
+    """A failure restoring socket state closes the winner instead of leaking."""
+    bad_sock = Mock()
+    bad_sock.settimeout.side_effect = OSError("bad timeout")
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.async_thread.run_async", return_value=bad_sock),
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="bad timeout"),
+    ):
+        create_connection(("example.com", 80), timeout=5)
+
+    bad_sock.close.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_connect_timeout_raises() -> None:
+    """A connect that never completes raises within the timeout."""
+
+    async def never(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        await asyncio.sleep(60)
+
+    addr_infos = [_addr_info("192.0.2.1", 9), _addr_info("192.0.2.2", 9)]
+
+    # Patch before building the closure; it binds start_connection at
+    # creation time.
+    with patch("aiohappyeyeballs.start_connection", new=never):
+        create_connection = _make_create_connection()
+        with (
+            patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=addr_infos),
+            pytest.raises(TimeoutError),
+        ):
+            create_connection(("example.com", 80), timeout=0.1)
+
+
+def test_invalid_host_raises_location_parse_error(create_connection: Any) -> None:
+    """Hostnames urllib3 would reject are still rejected."""
+    from urllib3.exceptions import LocationParseError
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocationParseError):
+        create_connection(("a" * 300, 80))
+
+
+def test_empty_getaddrinfo_raises_oserror(create_connection: Any) -> None:
+    """An empty resolution matches stock urllib3's OSError, not ValueError."""
+    with (
+        patch("socket.getaddrinfo", return_value=[]),
+        pytest.raises(OSError, match="empty"),
+    ):
+        create_connection(("example.com", 80), timeout=5)
+
+
+def test_ensure_falls_back_to_stock_when_internals_move(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """If urllib3 private names disappear, downloads keep the stock connect
+    and the warning is latched to fire once, not per download."""
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    from esphome import happy_eyeballs
+
+    def stock(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    factory = Mock(side_effect=ImportError("gone"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", stock)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(happy_eyeballs, "_make_create_connection", factory)
+
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    assert urllib3.util.connection.create_connection is stock
+    assert factory.call_count == 1
+    assert caplog.text.count("Happy Eyeballs unavailable") == 1
+
+
+def test_ensure_survives_missing_urllib3(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An unimportable urllib3 degrades with a warning instead of raising."""
+    import sys
+
+    with patch.dict(sys.modules, {"urllib3.util.connection": None}):
+        ensure_happy_eyeballs()
+    assert "Happy Eyeballs unavailable" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_requests_routes_through_shim(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Patching urllib3's create_connection actually reroutes requests."""
+    from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
+    import threading
+
+    import requests
+    import urllib3.util.connection
+
+    class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        def do_GET(self) -> None:
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "2")
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(b"ok")
+
+        def log_message(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+            pass
+
+    server = HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), Handler)
+    threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True).start()
+    host, port = server.server_address
+
+    calls: list[Any] = []
+    shim = _make_create_connection()
+
+    def counting(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        calls.append(args)
+        return shim(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    counting._esphome_patched = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(urllib3.util.connection, "create_connection", counting)
+
+    real_getaddrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo
+
+    def fake_getaddrinfo(h: str, p: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        if h == "shim-test.invalid":
+            return [_addr_info(host, port), _addr_info(host, port)]
+        return real_getaddrinfo(h, p, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(socket, "getaddrinfo", fake_getaddrinfo)
+
+    try:
+        with requests.Session() as session:
+            session.trust_env = False
+            resp = session.get(f"http://shim-test.invalid:{port}/", timeout=5)
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert resp.content == b"ok"
+        assert calls, "requests did not go through the patched create_connection"
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py
index fad249b0bb..683fef22cf 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_helpers.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import pytest
 from esphome import helpers
 from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
-from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar
+from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, format_ip_url
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -135,6 +135,22 @@ def test_is_ip_address__invalid(host):
     assert actual is False
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("family", "sockaddr", "expected"),
+    (
+        (socket.AF_INET, ("192.168.1.5", 80), "http://192.168.1.5:80/events"),
+        (socket.AF_INET6, ("2001:db8::1", 80, 0, 0), "http://[2001:db8::1]:80/events"),
+        (
+            socket.AF_INET6,
+            ("fe80::1", 8080, 0, 7),
+            "http://[fe80::1%257]:8080/events",
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_format_ip_url(family, sockaddr, expected):
+    assert format_ip_url(family, sockaddr, sockaddr[1], "/events") == expected
+
+
 @settings(deadline=None)
 @given(value=ip_addresses(v=4).map(str))
 def test_is_ip_address__valid(value):
@@ -155,6 +171,13 @@ def test_is_ip_address__valid(value):
         ("FOO", "fAlSe", True, False),
         ("FOO", "Yes", False, True),
         ("FOO", "123", False, True),
+        # cv.boolean's spellings; falsy rows use default=True on purpose
+        ("FOO", "on", False, True),
+        ("FOO", "enable", False, True),
+        ("FOO", "no", True, False),
+        ("FOO", "off", True, False),
+        ("FOO", "OFF", True, False),
+        ("FOO", "Disable", True, False),
     ),
 )
 def test_get_bool_env(monkeypatch, var, value, default, expected):
@@ -237,6 +260,31 @@ class Test_write_file_if_changed:
 
         assert dst.read_text() == text
 
+    def test_damaged_existing_file_is_replaced(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ):
+        """A non-UTF-8 existing file is logged and overwritten."""
+        dst = tmp_path / "generated.txt"
+        dst.write_bytes(b"\xff\xfe")
+
+        assert helpers.write_file_if_changed(dst, "fresh content") is True
+
+        assert dst.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "fresh content"
+        assert "Replacing damaged file" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_unreadable_existing_file_still_raises(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        """An OSError on the comparison read still raises EsphomeError."""
+        dst = tmp_path / "generated.txt"
+        dst.write_text("intact")
+
+        with (
+            patch.object(Path, "read_text", side_effect=OSError("permission denied")),
+            pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Error reading file"),
+        ):
+            helpers.write_file_if_changed(dst, "fresh content")
+
+        assert dst.exists()
+
     def test_dst_does_not_exist(self, tmp_path: Path):
         text = "A files are unique.\n"
         dst = tmp_path / "file-a.txt"
@@ -1074,3 +1122,35 @@ def test_progressbar_enabled_on_pipe_with_dashboard(monkeypatch) -> None:
 
     bar = ProgressBar("Uploading", stream=stream)
     assert bar.enabled is True
+
+
+def test_progressbar_interrupt_keeps_finished_bar_done(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    """interrupt() on a bar whose 100% frame already ended its own line
+    must not reset it, or the next tick would redraw a second Done row."""
+    stream = MagicMock(spec=io.TextIOWrapper)
+    stream.isatty.return_value = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", False)
+
+    bar = ProgressBar("Uploading", stream=stream)
+    bar.update(1)
+    assert bar.last_progress == 100
+    bar.interrupt()
+    assert bar.last_progress == 100
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("seconds", "expected"),
+    [
+        (0, "0s"),
+        (42, "42s"),
+        (60, "1min"),
+        (3661, "1h 1min"),
+        (86400, "1d"),
+        (90000, "1d 1h"),
+        (86700, "1d 5min"),
+        (-5, "0s"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_format_duration(seconds: float, expected: str) -> None:
+    """Test that durations are rendered as short human-readable strings."""
+    assert helpers.format_duration(seconds) == expected
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6878c33a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_lazy_imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""Guard the lazy-import contract of ``esphome.__main__``.
+
+Every ``esphome`` invocation pays for whatever ``esphome.__main__``
+imports at module level before the requested command runs. The
+dashboard and device-builder spawn one ``esphome upload`` subprocess
+per device, so keeping validation/codegen machinery out of the
+top-level import directly lowers the RAM cost of each concurrent
+upload (the upload/logs fast path in ``esphome.compiled_config``
+never needs them).
+
+``script/check_import_time.py`` budgets import *time* in CI; this
+test pins down *which* heavy modules must stay out entirely.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.util
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+# Modules that must only load for the commands that actually use them
+# (compile/config validation, shell completion), never from a bare
+# ``import esphome.__main__``.
+HEAVY_MODULES = (
+    "argcomplete",
+    "esphome.codegen",
+    "esphome.config",
+    "esphome.config_validation",
+    "esphome.cpp_generator",
+    "esphome.loader",
+    "voluptuous",
+)
+
+# Everything the storage fast path must keep out of sys.modules; the
+# existence guard and the leak check must watch the same list.
+FAST_PATH_HEAVY_MODULES = HEAVY_MODULES + ("esphome.components.esp32",)
+
+# Heavy only for modules that must not know about the API transport;
+# in the existence guard so a rename can't silently no-op its check.
+API_HEAVY_MODULES = ("aioesphomeapi",)
+
+# Heavy only for the single-config dispatch path: the bundle suffix
+# check reads BUNDLE_EXTENSION from esphome.const so an ordinary run
+# never pays for the bundle machinery and its tarfile chain.
+BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES = ("esphome.bundle", "tarfile")
+
+# Heavy only for a cache-hit upload/logs run: the JSON cache parse must
+# not resolve pyyaml or the yaml_util chain (the read_config fallback
+# still uses both).
+CACHE_HIT_HEAVY_MODULES = ("esphome.yaml_util", "yaml")
+
+# Stdlib modules deferred out of the dispatch fast path: a cache-hit
+# upload/logs run never writes a file (tempfile), spawns a process
+# (subprocess), parses a URL (urllib.parse), or prints a serial
+# permission hint (getpass). shutil is deferred too but unwatchable:
+# argparse imports it from every add_argument on py3.14. urllib.parse
+# is only watchable on 3.13+ where pathlib stopped importing it.
+STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES = (
+    "tempfile",
+    "subprocess",
+    "getpass",
+    "datetime",
+    *(("urllib.parse",) if sys.version_info >= (3, 13) else ()),
+)
+
+
+def _leaked_heavy_modules(module: str, extra: tuple[str, ...] = ()) -> str:
+    """Import ``module`` in a subprocess and report the heavy modules it pulled.
+
+    Any ``esphome.components.*`` package counts as heavy: executing a
+    component package drags in codegen/validation machinery by design.
+    ``extra`` adds modules that are heavy for this caller specifically.
+    """
+    check = (
+        f"import sys; import {module}; "
+        f"leaked = [m for m in {HEAVY_MODULES + extra!r} if m in sys.modules]; "
+        "leaked += [m for m in sys.modules if m.startswith('esphome.components.')]; "
+        "print(','.join(leaked))"
+    )
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, "-c", check],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+    return result.stdout.strip()
+
+
+def test_main_module_does_not_import_heavy_modules() -> None:
+    """A bare ``import esphome.__main__`` must not drag in validation/codegen.
+
+    The stdlib watch list rides along here because this check runs in a
+    clean subprocess: a module-level re-import anywhere on the chain is
+    caught, which the dispatch fixture (whose setup pre-imports them and
+    pops before dispatch) structurally cannot do.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_heavy_modules("esphome.__main__", extra=STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES)
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"esphome.__main__ imports heavy modules at top level: {leaked}. "
+        "Import them lazily inside the command that needs them instead; "
+        "every esphome invocation (including each parallel dashboard "
+        "upload subprocess) pays for top-level imports."
+    )
+
+
+def test_watched_heavy_modules_exist() -> None:
+    """A renamed heavy module would silently disable the leak checks."""
+    for module in (
+        FAST_PATH_HEAVY_MODULES
+        + API_HEAVY_MODULES
+        + BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES
+        + CACHE_HIT_HEAVY_MODULES
+        + STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES
+    ):
+        assert importlib.util.find_spec(module) is not None, (
+            f"{module} no longer resolves; update the heavy-module lists"
+        )
+
+
+def _leaked_from_fixture(
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    env: dict[str, str],
+    script_name: str,
+    extra: tuple[str, ...] = (),
+) -> str:
+    """Run a fixture script with the watched modules on argv.
+
+    ``env`` comes from the ``probe_env`` fixture so the child can import
+    the repo checkout; a non-zero exit surfaces the child's stderr.
+    """
+    script = fixture_path / "lazy_imports" / script_name
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, str(script), *FAST_PATH_HEAVY_MODULES, *extra],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        env=env,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    return result.stdout.strip()
+
+
+def test_storage_json_fast_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    probe_env: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    """``apply_to_core`` runs on the upload/logs fast path for every
+    platform; parsing the stored framework version must not drag in the
+    validation stack or the esp32 component package.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(fixture_path, probe_env, "storage_json_fast_path.py")
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"storage_json.apply_to_core pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
+        "The upload/logs fast path skips validation; importing the "
+        "validation stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_esptool_upload_fast_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    probe_env: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    """The esptool serial upload reads the esp32 variant from CORE.data;
+    resolving it must not drag in the esp32 component package or the
+    validation stack.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(
+        fixture_path, probe_env, "esptool_upload_fast_path.py"
+    )
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"upload_using_esptool pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
+        "The upload fast path skips validation; importing the validation "
+        "stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_api_client_does_not_import_heavy_modules() -> None:
+    """``esphome.api_client`` is on the logs fast path and must stay light.
+
+    Importing it must not execute any component package (the api package
+    pulls the whole validation stack: logger, esp32, writer, config,
+    jinja2, voluptuous).
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_heavy_modules("esphome.api_client")
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"esphome.api_client imports heavy modules at top level: {leaked}. "
+        "The logs fast path skips validation; importing the validation "
+        "stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_stacktrace_does_not_import_heavy_modules() -> None:
+    """``esphome.stacktrace`` guards its own docstring's contract.
+
+    Both log paths construct a LogLineProcessor before streaming
+    starts; importing the module must not pull in aioesphomeapi or
+    any platform package.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_heavy_modules("esphome.stacktrace", extra=API_HEAVY_MODULES)
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"esphome.stacktrace imports heavy modules at top level: {leaked}. "
+        "The logs fast path skips validation; importing the validation "
+        "stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_espidf_toolchain_does_not_import_heavy_modules() -> None:
+    """The esp-idf upload path must not pull the esp32 package back in.
+
+    upload_using_esptool reaches espidf.toolchain for esp-idf builds;
+    its keys and the variant mapping live in esphome.const and
+    esphome.espidf precisely so this import stays light.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_heavy_modules("esphome.espidf.toolchain")
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"esphome.espidf.toolchain imports heavy modules: {leaked}. "
+        "The upload fast path skips validation; importing the validation "
+        "stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_has_mqtt_ip_lookup_does_not_import_mqtt() -> None:
+    """``has_mqtt_ip_lookup`` runs on the upload/logs fast path for mqtt
+    configs; reading ``CONF_DISCOVER_IP`` must not drag in the mqtt
+    component and, with it, the validation stack.
+
+    Runs in a subprocess because this session's other tests import the
+    mqtt component; the fast path itself must not.
+    """
+    check = (
+        "import sys; from esphome.__main__ import has_mqtt_ip_lookup; "
+        "from esphome.core import CORE; from esphome.const import CONF_MQTT; "
+        "CORE.config = {CONF_MQTT: {}}; "
+        "assert has_mqtt_ip_lookup() is True, 'mqtt IP lookup default broke'; "
+        f"leaked = [m for m in {HEAVY_MODULES!r} if m in sys.modules]; "
+        "leaked += [m for m in sys.modules if m.startswith('esphome.components.')]; "
+        "print(','.join(leaked))"
+    )
+    # check=False keeps the child's stderr (its assertion message or an
+    # import traceback) visible on failure.
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, "-c", check],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    leaked = result.stdout.strip()
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"has_mqtt_ip_lookup pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
+        "The upload/logs fast path skips validation; importing the "
+        "validation stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_yaml_util_does_not_import_heavy_modules() -> None:
+    """``esphome.yaml_util`` parses the validated-config cache on the
+    upload/logs fast path; importing it must not pull in voluptuous.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_heavy_modules("esphome.yaml_util")
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"esphome.yaml_util imports heavy modules at top level: {leaked}. "
+        "The upload/logs fast path skips validation; importing the "
+        "validation stack anyway defeats the validated-config cache."
+    )
+
+
+def test_upload_command_path_does_not_import_heavy_modules(
+    fixture_path: Path,
+    probe_env: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    """The single-config dispatch path checks the bundle suffix on every
+    run; reading it from esphome.const must not drag in esphome.bundle
+    and its tarfile chain.
+    """
+    leaked = _leaked_from_fixture(
+        fixture_path,
+        probe_env,
+        "upload_command_fast_path.py",
+        extra=BUNDLE_HEAVY_MODULES + CACHE_HIT_HEAVY_MODULES + STDLIB_FAST_PATH_MODULES,
+    )
+    assert not leaked, (
+        f"the upload dispatch path pulls in heavy modules: {leaked}. "
+        "An ordinary run only needs the bundle suffix constant, and the "
+        "JSON cache parse must not resolve voluptuous or pyyaml; keep the "
+        "esphome.bundle import inside the branch that extracts one, the "
+        "yaml_util imports inside the read_config fallback, and the "
+        "deferred stdlib imports inside the write/spawn/serial helpers."
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py
index 42e5203a73..74515e9d4c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_loader.py
@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
 """Unit tests for esphome.loader module."""
 
 import ast
-import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from types import ModuleType
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
-import voluptuous as vol
 
-from esphome import config as esphome_config, config_validation as cv
-from esphome.core import CORE
-import esphome.loader as loader_mod
+from esphome.component_aliases import COMPONENT_ALIASES
 from esphome.loader import (
     AliasMeta,
     ComponentManifest,
@@ -21,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.loader import (
     _build_alias_map,
     _read_aliases,
     _replace_component_manifest,
+    get_alias_metadata,
     get_component,
 )
 from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
@@ -348,17 +344,12 @@ def test_component_manifest_resources_recursive_filter_source_files_supports_sub
 # Component aliases (renamed-platform back-compat)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
-# These tests pin down the substrate behind `ALIASES = [...]` on component
-# `__init__.py` files: the AST scanner, the resulting global alias map, the
-# Python-import `sys.meta_path` finder, the `get_component` integration, and
-# the YAML pre-pass that rewrites legacy top-level keys.
-#
-# The framework is component-agnostic, so the integration tests inject a
-# synthetic alias map (pointing a fake legacy name at the real `esp32`
-# component) rather than depending on any specific renamed component.
-
-# A legacy name that is NOT a real component, used as a synthetic alias.
-_FAKE_ALIAS = "esp32_legacy_alias"
+# The framework here is the substrate behind `ALIASES = [...]` on component
+# `__init__.py` files. These tests pin down the AST scanner, the resulting
+# global alias map, the Python-import `sys.meta_path` finder, and the
+# integration with `get_component`. The rp2 → rp2040 actual mapping in this
+# repo is used as a real-world fixture; other cases use temp dirs / mocks so
+# the framework's behavior is testable in isolation.
 
 
 def _write_component(root: Path, name: str, body: str) -> None:
@@ -383,12 +374,12 @@ def test_read_aliases_extracts_removal_version(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     init.write_text(
         textwrap.dedent("""\
             ALIASES = ['old']
-            ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.6.0"
+            ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.7.0"
             """)
     )
     aliases, removal = _read_aliases(init, ast)
     assert aliases == ["old"]
-    assert removal == "2027.6.0"
+    assert removal == "2027.7.0"
 
 
 def test_read_aliases_skips_dynamic_forms(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -409,28 +400,19 @@ def test_read_aliases_returns_empty_for_missing_declaration(tmp_path: Path) -> N
     assert removal is None
 
 
-def test_read_aliases_handles_syntax_error(
-    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
-) -> None:
+def test_read_aliases_handles_syntax_error(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """A broken __init__.py shouldn't crash the alias scanner — it'll
-    surface as an ImportError elsewhere, but the scanner logs a warning and
-    yields nothing so other components keep working. The substring pre-filter
-    only skips files with no ``ALIASES`` token, so this file (which has one)
-    still reaches the parse."""
+    surface as an ImportError elsewhere, but the scanner just yields
+    nothing so other components keep working.
+
+    The source must contain the substring ``ALIASES`` so the scanner
+    actually attempts to parse the file; otherwise the early-return
+    optimization would short-circuit before reaching the parser and
+    this test would not exercise the syntax-error branch.
+    """
     init = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-    init.write_text("ALIASES = ['x']\ndef broken( :\n")
+    init.write_text("ALIASES = ['oops'\ndef broken( :\n")
     assert _read_aliases(init, ast) == ([], None)
-    assert "Could not parse" in caplog.text
-
-
-def test_read_aliases_handles_read_error(
-    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
-) -> None:
-    """An unreadable __init__.py logs a warning and yields nothing rather
-    than aborting the whole component scan."""
-    missing = tmp_path / "nope" / "__init__.py"
-    assert _read_aliases(missing, ast) == ([], None)
-    assert "Could not read" in caplog.text
 
 
 def test_build_alias_map_aggregates_components(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -480,96 +462,91 @@ def test_build_alias_map_handles_missing_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     but possible in some test contexts), we want an empty map rather than
     a crash — the rest of the loader can still function."""
     fake = tmp_path / "does-not-exist"
+    assert not fake.exists()
     with patch("esphome.loader.CORE_COMPONENTS_PATH", fake):
         alias_map, meta_map = _build_alias_map()
     assert alias_map == {}
     assert meta_map == {}
 
 
-def test_build_alias_map_rejects_alias_shadowing_component(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """An alias that names an existing component package is refused: it would
-    hijack a live domain, and a self-alias (alias == canonical) would send
-    ``_lookup_module`` into infinite recursion."""
-    # `newcomp` declares itself as an alias — its own package already exists.
-    _write_component(tmp_path, "newcomp", "ALIASES = ['newcomp']\n")
+# ---- Live integration against the real rp2/rp2040 mapping in this repo ----
 
-    from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
+def test_real_alias_map_includes_rp2040() -> None:
+    """The rp2 component declares ``ALIASES = ['rp2040']`` in this repo;
+    the live alias map should surface it. This guards against future
+    refactors silently dropping the declaration."""
+    meta = get_alias_metadata()
+    assert "rp2040" in meta
+    assert meta["rp2040"].canonical == "rp2"
+    assert meta["rp2040"].removal_version == "2027.7.0"
+
+
+def test_alias_registry_matches_component_tree() -> None:
+    """The checked-in registry must match a live scan of the component tree."""
+    _, meta_map = _build_alias_map()
+    expected = {
+        alias: (meta.canonical, meta.removal_version)
+        for alias, meta in meta_map.items()
+    }
+    assert expected == COMPONENT_ALIASES, (
+        "esphome/component_aliases.py is out of date; "
+        "run script/build_alias_registry.py"
+    )
+
+
+def test_alias_map_built_from_registry() -> None:
+    """The runtime alias map comes from the generated registry, not a scan."""
     with (
-        patch("esphome.loader.CORE_COMPONENTS_PATH", tmp_path),
-        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="shadows an existing component"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.component_aliases.COMPONENT_ALIASES",
+            {"legacy": ("modern", "2099.1.0")},
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.loader._ALIAS_META_CACHE", None),
     ):
-        _build_alias_map()
+        assert get_alias_metadata() == {
+            "legacy": AliasMeta(canonical="modern", removal_version="2099.1.0")
+        }
 
 
-# ---- Integration against a synthetic alias map (fake legacy -> esp32) ----
-
-
-def _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, mapping: dict[str, str]) -> None:
-    """Force the loader's alias map (used by the finder and get_component).
-
-    Patches the lazily-built caches so both ``_get_alias_map`` and the
-    installed meta-path finder resolve against ``mapping`` regardless of
-    what the real on-disk scan would produce.
-    """
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.loader._get_alias_map", lambda: mapping)
-
-
-def test_get_component_resolves_alias(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    """``get_component(<alias>)`` should return the canonical manifest — every
+def test_get_component_resolves_alias() -> None:
+    """``get_component('rp2040')`` should return the rp2 manifest — every
     caller of the loader (dep checker, schema validator, codegen) hits
     the canonical component without knowing about the alias."""
-    import esphome.loader as loader_mod
-
-    _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch, {_FAKE_ALIAS: "esp32"})
-    loader_mod._COMPONENT_CACHE.pop(_FAKE_ALIAS, None)
-
-    canonical = get_component("esp32")
-    aliased = get_component(_FAKE_ALIAS)
-    assert canonical is not None
-    assert aliased is canonical
+    rp2 = get_component("rp2")
+    rp2040 = get_component("rp2040")
+    assert rp2 is not None
+    assert rp2040 is rp2
 
 
-def test_alias_finder_resolves_top_level_import(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """``import esphome.components.<alias>`` resolves to the canonical
-    module via the meta-path finder. ``_FAKE_ALIAS`` == ``esp32_legacy_alias``."""
-    _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch, {_FAKE_ALIAS: "esp32"})
-    sys.modules.pop(f"esphome.components.{_FAKE_ALIAS}", None)
-
+def test_alias_finder_resolves_top_level_import() -> None:
+    """``import esphome.components.rp2040`` resolves to the canonical
+    module via the meta-path finder."""
+    # Remove any cached entry so we exercise the finder, not sys.modules cache.
+    sys.modules.pop("esphome.components.rp2040", None)
     finder = _AliasFinder()
-    spec = finder.find_spec(f"esphome.components.{_FAKE_ALIAS}", None)
+    spec = finder.find_spec("esphome.components.rp2040", None)
     assert spec is not None
 
-    import esphome.components.esp32
-    import esphome.components.esp32_legacy_alias
+    import esphome.components.rp2
+    import esphome.components.rp2040
 
-    assert esphome.components.esp32_legacy_alias is esphome.components.esp32
+    assert esphome.components.rp2040 is esphome.components.rp2
 
 
-def test_alias_finder_resolves_submodule_import(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """``from esphome.components.<alias> import boards`` routes through to
-    ``esphome.components.esp32.boards`` — same submodule object on both paths.
-
-    The canonical submodule is imported first so its parent module carries
-    the ``boards`` attribute; ``from <alias> import boards`` then resolves
-    the aliased parent (via the finder) and reads that same attribute,
-    rather than triggering a fresh file load under the alias name.
-    ``_FAKE_ALIAS`` == ``esp32_legacy_alias``."""
-    _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch, {_FAKE_ALIAS: "esp32"})
-    sys.modules.pop(f"esphome.components.{_FAKE_ALIAS}", None)
-
+def test_alias_finder_resolves_submodule_import() -> None:
+    """``from esphome.components.rp2040 import boards`` routes through to
+    ``esphome.components.rp2.boards`` — same submodule object on both
+    paths."""
+    sys.modules.pop("esphome.components.rp2040.boards", None)
     finder = _AliasFinder()
-    spec = finder.find_spec(f"esphome.components.{_FAKE_ALIAS}.boards", None)
+    spec = finder.find_spec("esphome.components.rp2040.boards", None)
     assert spec is not None
 
-    from esphome.components.esp32 import boards as canonical_boards
-    from esphome.components.esp32_legacy_alias import boards as aliased_boards
+    from esphome.components.rp2 import boards as rp2_boards
+    from esphome.components.rp2040 import boards as rp2040_boards
 
-    assert aliased_boards is canonical_boards
+    assert rp2040_boards is rp2_boards
 
 
 def test_alias_finder_ignores_non_components_path() -> None:
@@ -581,9 +558,6 @@ def test_alias_finder_ignores_non_components_path() -> None:
     assert finder.find_spec("os.path", None) is None
     # `esphome.components` itself (no domain segment) is not a candidate.
     assert finder.find_spec("esphome.components", None) is None
-    # A real, non-aliased component domain defers to normal import machinery
-    # (no component declares an alias in this repo, so the live map is empty).
-    assert finder.find_spec("esphome.components.logger", None) is None
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -593,391 +567,121 @@ def test_alias_finder_ignores_non_components_path() -> None:
 # The companion to the loader-side alias map: ``esphome.config`` runs a
 # pre-pass over the user's parsed YAML that rewrites legacy top-level keys
 # to their canonical names, surfacing a one-shot deprecation warning. These
-# tests inject a synthetic alias-metadata map so the rewrite behavior, the
-# warning text, and the both-keys-present conflict can be tested in isolation.
-
-
-def _patch_alias_metadata(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, mapping: dict[str, AliasMeta]
-) -> None:
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.loader.get_alias_metadata", lambda: mapping)
+# tests pin down the rewrite behavior, the warning text, and the
+# both-keys-present conflict.
 
 
 def test_resolve_component_aliases_renames_legacy_key(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
-    """A legacy alias key should be renamed to the canonical key and a
-    deprecation warning citing the removal version logged."""
+    """A legacy alias key ``rp2040:`` should be renamed to the canonical
+    ``rp2:`` and a deprecation warning citing the removal version logged."""
+    import logging
+
     from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {"oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version="2027.6.0")},
-    )
     CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)  # ensure the warning fires
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "oldcomp": {"board": "x"}}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "rp2040": {"board": "rpipicow"}}
 
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config"):
         _resolve_component_aliases(config)
 
-    assert "oldcomp" not in config
-    assert config["newcomp"] == {"board": "x"}
+    assert "rp2040" not in config
+    assert config["rp2"] == {"board": "rpipicow"}
     assert any(
-        "'oldcomp:' top-level key is deprecated" in record.message
-        and "rename it to 'newcomp:'" in record.message
-        and "2027.6.0" in record.message
+        "'rp2040:' top-level key is deprecated" in record.message
+        and "rename it to 'rp2:'" in record.message
+        and "2027.7.0" in record.message
         for record in caplog.records
     )
 
 
 def test_resolve_component_aliases_dedupes_warning_within_a_run(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
     """Schema validators can run twice (auto-load discovery + final pass)
     so the rename pass must emit the warning only once per alias per run.
     Deduped via ``CORE.data``; cleared between runs."""
+    import logging
+
     from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {"oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None)},
-    )
     CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)
     with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config"):
-        _resolve_component_aliases({"oldcomp": {"board": "a"}})
-        _resolve_component_aliases({"oldcomp": {"board": "b"}})
+        _resolve_component_aliases({"rp2040": {"board": "rpipicow"}})
+        _resolve_component_aliases({"rp2040": {"board": "rpipico2w"}})
 
     matches = [
         r
         for r in caplog.records
-        if "'oldcomp:' top-level key is deprecated" in r.message
+        if "'rp2040:' top-level key is deprecated" in r.message
     ]
     assert len(matches) == 1
 
 
-def test_resolve_component_aliases_rejects_both_keys_present(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
+def test_resolve_component_aliases_rejects_both_keys_present() -> None:
     """If the user has BOTH legacy and canonical keys, silently dropping
     one would hide a real misconfiguration. Raise instead."""
+    import voluptuous as vol
+
     from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {"oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None)},
-    )
     CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)
-    config = {"newcomp": {"board": "x"}, "oldcomp": {"board": "x"}}
-    with pytest.raises(vol.Invalid, match="Both 'oldcomp:'"):
+    config = {
+        "rp2": {"board": "rpipicow"},
+        "rp2040": {"board": "rpipicow"},
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(vol.Invalid, match="Both 'rp2040:'"):
         _resolve_component_aliases(config)
 
 
-def test_resolve_component_aliases_rejects_canonical_key_after_legacy(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """The both-keys conflict must be detected even when the canonical key
-    appears *after* the legacy key in the config (the up-front conflict
-    scan, not a position-dependent check)."""
-    from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
-    from esphome.core import CORE
-
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {"oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None)},
-    )
-    CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)
-    config = {"oldcomp": {"board": "x"}, "newcomp": {"board": "x"}}
-    with pytest.raises(vol.Invalid, match="Both 'oldcomp:'"):
-        _resolve_component_aliases(config)
-
-
-def test_resolve_component_aliases_rejects_multiple_aliases_of_one_component(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """Two different deprecated aliases of the same canonical component is
-    ambiguous — silently keeping one would hide a misconfiguration."""
-    from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
-    from esphome.core import CORE
-
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {
-            "oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None),
-            "legacycomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None),
-        },
-    )
-    CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)
-    config = {"oldcomp": {"board": "x"}, "legacycomp": {"board": "y"}}
-    with pytest.raises(vol.Invalid, match=r"Multiple deprecated aliases of 'newcomp:'"):
-        _resolve_component_aliases(config)
-
-
-def test_resolve_component_aliases_preserves_key_position(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """The renamed canonical key keeps the legacy key's original position
-    rather than being moved to the end of the config."""
-    from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
-    from esphome.core import CORE
-
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {"oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None)},
-    )
-    CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "t"}, "oldcomp": {"board": "x"}, "logger": {}}
-
-    _resolve_component_aliases(config)
-
-    assert list(config) == ["esphome", "newcomp", "logger"]
-
-
-def test_resolve_component_aliases_no_op_when_no_legacy_keys(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
-) -> None:
+def test_resolve_component_aliases_no_op_when_no_legacy_keys() -> None:
     """The pre-pass must be a no-op (no warning, no mutation) for configs
     that already use canonical keys."""
+    import logging
+
     from esphome.config import _ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, _resolve_component_aliases
     from esphome.core import CORE
 
-    _patch_alias_metadata(
-        monkeypatch,
-        {"oldcomp": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None)},
-    )
     CORE.data.pop(_ALIAS_WARNED_KEY, None)
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "newcomp": {"board": "x"}}
+    config = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}, "rp2": {"board": "rpipicow"}}
     original = dict(config)
 
-    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.config"):
+    with caplog_at_warning() as records:
         _resolve_component_aliases(config)
 
     assert config == original
-    assert not any("deprecated" in r.message for r in caplog.records)
+    assert not any("deprecated" in r.message for r in records)
+    _ = logging  # silence unused-import in branches that don't read records
 
 
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# ComponentManifest alias properties
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helper context manager — small enough to inline rather than pull in
+# caplog for the simple "did anything warn?" case above.
+import contextlib  # noqa: E402
 
 
-def test_component_manifest_alias_properties_default_empty() -> None:
-    """``aliases`` / ``alias_removal_version`` fall back to ``[]`` / ``None``
-    when the component module declares neither.
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def caplog_at_warning():
+    """Minimal in-test caplog substitute: collect WARNING records on a
+    dedicated handler attached to ``esphome.config``."""
+    import logging
 
-    Uses a real ``ModuleType`` rather than a ``MagicMock`` so that the
-    ``getattr(..., default)`` fallback is actually exercised — a bare mock
-    auto-creates any attribute on access and would never hit the default."""
-    mod = ModuleType("fake_component")
-    manifest = ComponentManifest(mod)
-    assert manifest.aliases == []
-    assert manifest.alias_removal_version is None
+    logger = logging.getLogger("esphome.config")
+    records: list[logging.LogRecord] = []
 
+    class _Handler(logging.Handler):
+        def emit(self, record):  # noqa: D401
+            records.append(record)
 
-def test_component_manifest_alias_properties_read_module_values() -> None:
-    """The properties surface the module's declared values verbatim."""
-    mod = MagicMock()
-    mod.ALIASES = ["legacy"]
-    mod.ALIAS_REMOVAL_VERSION = "2027.6.0"
-    manifest = ComponentManifest(mod)
-    assert manifest.aliases == ["legacy"]
-    assert manifest.alias_removal_version == "2027.6.0"
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Real (unpatched) lazy build + cache and remaining scanner branches
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def test_get_alias_map_real_build_and_caches(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    """Exercise the real lazy build over the actual components dir (no patch):
-    the first call scans and caches, the second returns the cached object."""
-    monkeypatch.setattr(loader_mod, "_ALIAS_MAP_CACHE", None)
-    first = loader_mod._get_alias_map()
-    second = loader_mod._get_alias_map()
-    assert isinstance(first, dict)
-    assert first is second  # cached, not rebuilt on the second call
-
-
-def test_get_alias_metadata_real_build_and_caches(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    monkeypatch.setattr(loader_mod, "_ALIAS_META_CACHE", None)
-    first = loader_mod.get_alias_metadata()
-    second = loader_mod.get_alias_metadata()
-    assert isinstance(first, dict)
-    assert first is second
-
-
-def test_build_alias_map_skips_files_and_initless_dirs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Loose files and directories without an ``__init__.py`` are ignored;
-    only real component packages contribute to the map."""
-    (tmp_path / "loose_file.py").write_text("ALIASES = ['ignored']\n")
-    (tmp_path / "initless").mkdir()  # a dir, but no __init__.py
-    _write_component(tmp_path, "realcomp", "ALIASES = ['legacy']\n")
-
-    with patch("esphome.loader.CORE_COMPONENTS_PATH", tmp_path):
-        alias_map, _ = _build_alias_map()
-
-    assert alias_map == {"legacy": "realcomp"}
-
-
-def test_read_aliases_ignores_non_assignment_and_complex_targets(
-    tmp_path: Path,
-) -> None:
-    """Non-assignment statements and assignments to non-Name targets are
-    skipped; only simple ``NAME = ...`` assignments are read."""
-    init = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-    init.write_text(
-        "import os\n"  # non-Assign (Import) node -> skipped
-        "obj.attr = 'v'\n"  # Assign with an Attribute target -> skipped
-        "ALIASES = ['legacy']\n"
-    )
-    aliases, _ = _read_aliases(init, ast)
-    assert aliases == ["legacy"]
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Finder / loader edge branches
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def test_alias_finder_returns_none_when_canonical_missing(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """If an alias points at a canonical *target* that doesn't exist, the
-    finder declines (returns None) and lets normal import machinery report
-    the missing module."""
-    _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch, {"broken_alias": "definitely_not_a_real_component"})
-    finder = _AliasFinder()
-    assert finder.find_spec("esphome.components.broken_alias", None) is None
-
-
-def test_alias_finder_reraises_when_canonical_dependency_missing(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """If the canonical module exists but fails to import one of its own
-    dependencies, the finder surfaces that real error instead of masking it
-    as an unresolved alias (which would silently fall through to a confusing
-    'no module named <alias>')."""
-    _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch, {"some_alias": "real_canonical"})
-
-    def boom(name: str) -> None:
-        raise ModuleNotFoundError("No module named 'missing_dep'", name="missing_dep")
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.loader.importlib.import_module", boom)
-    finder = _AliasFinder()
-    with pytest.raises(ModuleNotFoundError, match="missing_dep"):
-        finder.find_spec("esphome.components.some_alias", None)
-
-
-def test_install_alias_finder_is_idempotent() -> None:
-    """The finder is installed once at import; calling the installer again is
-    a no-op (no duplicate ``_AliasFinder`` on ``sys.meta_path``)."""
-    before = [e for e in sys.meta_path if isinstance(e, _AliasFinder)]
-    assert len(before) == 1  # installed at module import time
-    loader_mod._install_alias_finder()
-    after = [e for e in sys.meta_path if isinstance(e, _AliasFinder)]
-    assert len(after) == 1
-
-
-def test_get_component_alias_to_missing_canonical_returns_none(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """If an alias resolves to a canonical component that can't be loaded,
-    ``get_component`` returns None and caches no bogus manifest."""
-    _patch_alias_map(monkeypatch, {"ghost_alias": "definitely_not_a_real_component"})
-    loader_mod._COMPONENT_CACHE.pop("ghost_alias", None)
-
-    assert get_component("ghost_alias") is None
-    assert "ghost_alias" not in loader_mod._COMPONENT_CACHE
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# YAML pre-pass: empty-map fast path + validate_config integration
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def test_resolve_component_aliases_noop_when_no_aliases_declared(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
-) -> None:
-    """When no component declares an alias, the pre-pass returns immediately
-    without inspecting or mutating the config."""
-    from esphome.config import _resolve_component_aliases
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.loader.get_alias_metadata", dict)  # empty map
-    config = {"esphome": {"name": "t"}, "rp2040": {"board": "x"}}
-    original = dict(config)
-    _resolve_component_aliases(config)
-    assert config == original
-
-
-def _default_component_mock() -> Mock:
-    """A permissive component mock that validates any config (ALLOW_EXTRA)."""
-    return Mock(
-        auto_load=[],
-        is_platform_component=False,
-        is_platform=False,
-        multi_conf=False,
-        multi_conf_no_default=False,
-        dependencies=[],
-        conflicts_with=[],
-        config_schema=cv.Schema({}, extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA),
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("setup_core")
-def test_validate_config_renames_alias_key(
-    mock_get_component: Mock, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
-) -> None:
-    """End-to-end: a legacy top-level key is renamed to its canonical name
-    before the rest of ``validate_config`` runs, and validation succeeds.
-
-    A real ``esp32`` target platform is included so ``preload_core_config``
-    is satisfied and validation runs to completion (the renamed canonical
-    key is loaded via the mocked, permissive component)."""
-    mock_get_component.side_effect = lambda name: _default_component_mock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.loader.get_alias_metadata",
-        lambda: {
-            "legacyfoo": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version="2027.6.0")
-        },
-    )
-    CORE.data.pop("_component_aliases_warned", None)
-
-    raw_config = {
-        "esphome": {"name": "test"},
-        "esp32": {"board": "esp32dev"},
-        "legacyfoo": {"opt": 1},
-    }
-    result = esphome_config.validate_config(raw_config, {})
-
-    assert not result.errors, f"unexpected errors: {result.errors}"
-    assert "newcomp" in result
-    assert "legacyfoo" not in result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("setup_core")
-def test_validate_config_reports_alias_conflict_as_error(
-    mock_get_component: Mock, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
-) -> None:
-    """If both the legacy and canonical keys are present, ``validate_config``
-    surfaces the conflict as a config error (the ``vol.Invalid`` path)."""
-    mock_get_component.return_value = _default_component_mock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.loader.get_alias_metadata",
-        lambda: {"legacyfoo": AliasMeta(canonical="newcomp", removal_version=None)},
-    )
-    CORE.data.pop("_component_aliases_warned", None)
-
-    raw_config = {
-        "esphome": {"name": "test"},
-        "newcomp": {"opt": 1},
-        "legacyfoo": {"opt": 2},
-    }
-    result = esphome_config.validate_config(raw_config, {})
-
-    assert result.errors
-    assert "Both 'legacyfoo:'" in str(result.errors)
+    handler = _Handler(level=logging.WARNING)
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    prev_level = logger.level
+    logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+    try:
+        yield records
+    finally:
+        logger.removeHandler(handler)
+        logger.setLevel(prev_level)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py
index 02798f1029..40e3aa6d22 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_log.py
@@ -1,6 +1,43 @@
+from collections.abc import Generator
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import select
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.log import AnsiFore, AnsiStyle, color
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.log import AnsiFore, AnsiStyle, color, setup_log
+
+
+class _FakeTty(io.StringIO):
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def restore_logging_state() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Undo the global logging changes setup_log() makes."""
+    root = logging.getLogger()
+    handlers = root.handlers[:]
+    formatters = [handler.formatter for handler in handlers]
+    level = root.level
+    urllib3_level = logging.getLogger("urllib3").level
+    yield
+    root.handlers[:] = handlers
+    for handler, formatter in zip(handlers, formatters, strict=True):
+        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+    root.setLevel(level)
+    logging.getLogger("urllib3").setLevel(urllib3_level)
+
+
+def _probe_command(fixture_path: Path, *args: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Build the command line for the setup_log probe fixture script."""
+    return [sys.executable, str(fixture_path / "log" / "setup_log_probe.py"), *args]
 
 
 def test_color_keep_returns_unchanged_message() -> None:
@@ -78,3 +115,227 @@ def test_ansi_fore_keep_is_enum_member() -> None:
     assert bool(AnsiFore.KEEP) is True
     # But the value itself is still an empty string
     assert AnsiFore.KEEP.value == ""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_redirected_output_strips_ansi(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """A redirected run must keep colorama so ANSI codes are stripped."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        _probe_command(fixture_path),
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=60,
+        check=False,
+        env=probe_env,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    assert "colorama_loaded=True" in result.stdout
+    assert "red end" in result.stdout
+    assert "\033" not in result.stdout
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_dashboard_skips_colorama(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """Dashboard runs escape their color codes, so colorama must not load."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        _probe_command(fixture_path, "--dashboard"),
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=60,
+        check=False,
+        env=probe_env,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    assert "colorama_loaded=False" in result.stdout
+    # Codes pass through untouched for the dashboard to handle.
+    assert "\033[31mred\033[0m end" in result.stdout
+
+
+def _run_probe_on_pty(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str], *, stderr_to_pty: bool
+) -> str:
+    """Run the probe with stdout on a pty and return the decoded pty output.
+
+    With ``stderr_to_pty=False`` stderr goes to a pipe instead, giving the
+    mixed tty/redirect stream combination while keeping any traceback
+    available for the exit assertion.
+    """
+    # Unix-only; a module-level import would break test collection on
+    # Windows, where all the callers are skipped anyway.
+    import pty
+
+    controller, follower = pty.openpty()
+    proc = None
+    output = b""
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + 60
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            _probe_command(fixture_path),
+            stdout=follower,
+            stderr=follower if stderr_to_pty else subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdin=follower,
+            env=probe_env,
+        )
+        # The parent keeps the follower open until the child has exited and
+        # the controller is drained: macOS discards buffered pty output once
+        # the last follower closes, so closing it early loses the probe's
+        # output whenever the child finishes before the first read.
+        while proc.poll() is None:
+            if time.monotonic() > deadline:
+                pytest.fail(f"pty probe did not exit in time; got {output!r}")
+            if select.select([controller], [], [], 0.01)[0]:
+                output += os.read(controller, 4096)
+        # Everything the child wrote is already buffered, so drain without waiting.
+        while select.select([controller], [], [], 0)[0] and (
+            chunk := os.read(controller, 4096)
+        ):
+            output += chunk
+        stderr_text = ""
+        if proc.stderr is not None:
+            stderr_text = proc.stderr.read().decode(errors="replace")
+            proc.stderr.close()
+        assert proc.returncode == 0, stderr_text
+    finally:
+        os.close(follower)
+        os.close(controller)
+        if proc is not None and proc.poll() is None:
+            proc.kill()
+            proc.wait()
+    return output.decode()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="pty is POSIX-only; colorama loads on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_tty_skips_colorama(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """A terminal run must skip colorama and keep ANSI codes intact."""
+    text = _run_probe_on_pty(fixture_path, probe_env, stderr_to_pty=True)
+    assert "colorama_loaded=False" in text
+    assert "\033[31mred\033[0m end" in text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="pty is POSIX-only; colorama loads on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_mixed_streams_init_colorama(
+    fixture_path: Path, probe_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    """A tty stdout with a redirected stderr must still initialize colorama.
+
+    The guard requires both streams to be a tty; collapsing it to a
+    single-stream check would stop stripping ANSI from a redirected
+    stderr while stdout is a terminal.
+    """
+    text = _run_probe_on_pty(fixture_path, probe_env, stderr_to_pty=False)
+    assert "colorama_loaded=True" in text
+    # stdout is a tty, so colorama leaves its codes alone.
+    assert "\033[31mred\033[0m end" in text
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def colorama_probe(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, restore_logging_state: None
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Shared preamble for the in-process guard-branch tests.
+
+    Clears colorama from sys.modules so the assertions prove what
+    setup_log() itself did, and snapshots CORE.verbose/quiet, which is
+    not a no-op: CORE.reset() does not restore them, so without the
+    snapshot setup_log()'s log-level side effects would leak into later
+    tests.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.delitem(sys.modules, "colorama", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "verbose", CORE.verbose)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "quiet", CORE.quiet)
+    yield
+    # init() rebinds sys.stdout/stderr; restore them before monkeypatch
+    # puts the originals back.
+    if (colorama := sys.modules.get("colorama")) is not None:
+        colorama.deinit()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_dashboard_branch_skips_colorama_import(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """The dashboard side of the guard must not import colorama."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" not in sys.modules
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_tty_branch_skips_colorama_import(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """The tty side of the guard must not import colorama."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", _FakeTty())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", _FakeTty())
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" not in sys.modules
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="colorama always initializes on Windows"
+)
+def test_setup_log_redirected_branch_imports_colorama(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """Redirected streams must keep importing and initializing colorama."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", io.StringIO())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", io.StringIO())
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" in sys.modules
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("broken", ["missing", "closed"])
+def test_setup_log_broken_streams_import_colorama(
+    broken: str, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """A missing or closed stream counts as a redirect and must not crash.
+
+    colorama tolerates both, so setup_log() has to reach its init rather
+    than raise inside the tty probe.
+    """
+    if broken == "missing":
+        stream = None
+    else:
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", stream)
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" in sys.modules
+
+
+def test_setup_log_win32_always_imports_colorama(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, colorama_probe: None
+) -> None:
+    """The Windows clause must init colorama even when both streams are ttys.
+
+    Old Windows consoles need colorama to translate ANSI escapes, so the
+    platform check has to win over the tty check. colorama itself keys
+    off os.name, so on a POSIX host its init/deinit pair is a
+    passthrough.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", "win32")
+    # Both streams are ttys: without the platform clause this combination
+    # would skip colorama.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", _FakeTty())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", _FakeTty())
+    setup_log()
+    assert "colorama" in sys.modules
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
index 65bf4a583e..08c99e2119 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
@@ -11,22 +11,29 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
 import time
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any, Self
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from pytest import CaptureFixture
+import serial
 from zeroconf import ServiceStateChange
 
+from esphome import __main__ as main, yaml_util
 from esphome.__main__ import (
     Purpose,
     _get_configured_xtal_freq,
     _make_crystal_freq_callback,
     _redact_with_legacy_fallback,
     _resolve_network_devices,
+    _should_subscribe_states,
+    _split_network_devices,
     _unresolved_default_error,
     _validate_bootloader_binary,
     _validate_partition_table_binary,
+    _wrap_to_code,
+    check_permissions,
     choose_upload_log_host,
     command_analyze_memory,
     command_bundle,
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ from esphome.__main__ import (
     has_non_ip_address,
     has_ota,
     has_resolvable_address,
+    has_web_server_logging,
     has_web_server_ota,
     mqtt_get_ip,
     parse_args,
@@ -63,16 +71,24 @@ from esphome.__main__ import (
 )
 from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
 from esphome.bundle import BUNDLE_EXTENSION, BundleFile, BundleResult
-from esphome.components import esp32
-from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_ESP32, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
+from esphome.components import esp32, esp8266, mqtt
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+    get_esp32_variant,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_API,
     CONF_AUTH,
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BROKER,
     CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_DISCOVER_IP,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_LEVEL,
+    CONF_LOG,
     CONF_LOG_TOPIC,
     CONF_LOGGER,
     CONF_MDNS,
@@ -87,14 +103,17 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TOPIC,
     CONF_USE_ADDRESS,
     CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_VERSION,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_WIFI,
     KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     Toolchain,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
@@ -104,6 +123,7 @@ from esphome.espota2 import (
     OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE,
 )
 from esphome.platformio import toolchain
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import BootselResult, FlashImage
 from esphome.zeroconf import _await_discovery, discover_mdns_devices
 
@@ -167,9 +187,9 @@ def setup_core(
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform}
 
     if tmp_path is not None:
-        CORE.config_path = str(tmp_path / f"{name}.yaml")
+        CORE.config_path = tmp_path / f"{name}.yaml"
         CORE.name = name
-        CORE.build_path = str(tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / name)
+        CORE.build_path = tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / name
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -442,6 +462,46 @@ def test_redact_with_legacy_fallback__does_not_match_fragment_as_suffix(
     assert not any("legacy substring" in rec.message for rec in caplog.records)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("field", ["public_key", "peer_public_key"])
+def test_redact_with_legacy_fallback__skips_public_key_fields(
+    field: str,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Public keys are not secret; fields with a ``public`` name segment
+    must pass through unredacted and without the migration warning
+    (see issue #17718)."""
+    text = f"{field}: c29tZXB1YmxpY2tleQ==\n"
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.__main__"):
+        out = _redact_with_legacy_fallback(text)
+    assert out == text
+    assert not any("legacy substring" in rec.message for rec in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_redact_with_legacy_fallback__public_substitution_still_redacted(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Substitution keys are user-named with no schema behind them, so the
+    public-key exemption does not apply there; a ``public``-named substitution
+    keeps the conservative silent redaction."""
+    text = "substitutions:\n  public_key: something\nesphome:\n  name: x\n"
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.__main__"):
+        out = _redact_with_legacy_fallback(text)
+    assert "public_key: \\033[8msomething\\033[28m" in out
+    assert not any("legacy substring" in rec.message for rec in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_redact_with_legacy_fallback__public_must_be_a_whole_segment(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The exemption matches ``public`` as an underscore-separated segment,
+    not a substring; an unrelated name like ``republic_key`` keeps the
+    conservative redaction."""
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.__main__"):
+        out = _redact_with_legacy_fallback("republic_key: abc\n")
+    assert "republic_key: \\033[8mabc\\033[28m" in out
+    assert any("'republic_key'" in rec.message for rec in caplog.records)
+
+
 def test_redact_with_legacy_fallback__substitutions_redacted_without_warning(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
@@ -512,8 +572,6 @@ def test_command_config__no_defaults_dumps_user_snapshot(
 ) -> None:
     """``--no-defaults`` dumps ``config.user_config`` instead of the
     validated config, so schema defaults don't leak into the output."""
-    from esphome.config import Config
-
     setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path, config={"esphome": {"name": "test"}})
     args = MockArgs()
     args.show_secrets = True
@@ -566,8 +624,6 @@ def test_command_config__no_defaults_skips_strip_default_ids(
 ) -> None:
     """When ``--no-defaults`` is set, ``strip_default_ids`` isn't run --
     the user snapshot is already free of schema-injected IDs."""
-    from esphome.config import Config
-
     setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path, config={"esphome": {"name": "test"}})
     args = MockArgs()
     args.show_secrets = True
@@ -578,7 +634,7 @@ def test_command_config__no_defaults_skips_strip_default_ids(
     validated.user_config = {"sensor": [{"name": "x"}]}
 
     with patch(
-        "esphome.__main__.strip_default_ids", side_effect=AssertionError
+        "esphome.config.strip_default_ids", side_effect=AssertionError
     ) as mock_strip:
         result = command_config(args, validated)
 
@@ -768,6 +824,30 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_with_ota_device_with_api_config_logging() -> Non
     assert result == ["192.168.1.100"]
 
 
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_logging_web_server_only_ip() -> None:
+    """A web_server-only device with a static IP resolves to that IP for logs."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {}}, address="192.168.1.100")
+
+    result = choose_upload_log_host(
+        default="OTA",
+        check_default=None,
+        purpose=Purpose.LOGGING,
+    )
+    assert result == ["192.168.1.100"]
+
+
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_logging_web_server_only_mdns() -> None:
+    """A web_server-only device with a .local name resolves to that hostname."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {}}, address="test.local")
+
+    result = choose_upload_log_host(
+        default="OTA",
+        check_default=None,
+        purpose=Purpose.LOGGING,
+    )
+    assert result == ["test.local"]
+
+
 def test_choose_upload_log_host_logging_without_api_reports_missing_api() -> None:
     """A resolvable device with only ota: fails logs with a missing-api message."""
     setup_core(
@@ -807,6 +887,17 @@ def test_unresolved_default_error_unresolvable_keeps_dashboard_hint() -> None:
     assert "set 'use_address'" in msg
 
 
+def test_unresolved_default_error_logging_suggests_web_server() -> None:
+    """The missing-api log message lists web_server among the remediations."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]}, address="192.168.1.100"
+    )
+
+    msg = _unresolved_default_error(Purpose.LOGGING, ["OTA"])
+    assert "no 'api:' component is configured" in msg
+    assert "'web_server:'" in msg
+
+
 def test_unresolved_default_error_upload_with_ota_is_generic() -> None:
     """With ota: present the upload error stays generic, not transport-specific."""
     setup_core(
@@ -1226,7 +1317,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_no_defaults_with_rp2040_bootsel(
     mock_choose_prompt: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test interactive mode shows RP2040 BOOTSEL option via picotool."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     with (
         patch(
@@ -1249,7 +1340,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_no_defaults_with_rp2040_bootsel(
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_no_serial_ports")
 def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_no_device_shows_bootsel_help() -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL instructions shown when no RP2040 device found."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     with (
         patch(
@@ -1271,7 +1362,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_bootsel_tip_with_ota(
 ) -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL tip shown when only OTA options exist for RP2040."""
     setup_core(
-        platform=PLATFORM_RP2040,
+        platform=PLATFORM_RP2,
         config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]},
         address="192.168.1.100",
     )
@@ -1300,7 +1391,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_bootsel_tip_with_serial_ports(
     mock_choose_prompt: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL tip shown when serial ports exist but no BOOTSEL device."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     mock_ports = [MockSerialPort("/dev/ttyACM0", "RP2040 Serial")]
     with (
@@ -1325,7 +1416,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_permission_error_no_options(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
     """Test permission warning shown when BOOTSEL device found but not accessible."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     with (
         patch(
@@ -1355,7 +1446,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_permission_error_with_ota(
 ) -> None:
     """Test permission warning shown with OTA fallback available."""
     setup_core(
-        platform=PLATFORM_RP2040,
+        platform=PLATFORM_RP2,
         config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]},
         address="192.168.1.100",
     )
@@ -1412,7 +1503,7 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_serial_and_bootsel(
     mock_choose_prompt: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test both serial ports and BOOTSEL option shown for RP2040."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     mock_ports = [MockSerialPort("/dev/ttyACM0", "RP2040 Serial")]
     with (
@@ -1581,6 +1672,12 @@ def test_upload_using_esptool_path_conversion(
     assert isinstance(partitions_path, str)
     assert partitions_path.endswith("partitions.bin")
 
+    # The chip argument must track get_esp32_variant: upload_using_esptool
+    # reads CORE.data directly to avoid the esp32 package import, and the
+    # two resolutions must not drift.
+    chip = cmd_list[cmd_list.index("--chip") + 1]
+    assert chip == get_esp32_variant().lower()
+
 
 def test_upload_using_esptool_skips_missing_extra_flash_images(
     tmp_path: Path,
@@ -1665,7 +1762,7 @@ def test_upload_using_esptool_with_file_path(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "platform,device",
     [
-        (PLATFORM_RP2040, "/dev/ttyACM0"),
+        (PLATFORM_RP2, "/dev/ttyACM0"),
         (PLATFORM_BK72XX, "/dev/ttyUSB0"),  # LibreTiny platform
     ],
 )
@@ -1720,7 +1817,7 @@ def test_upload_using_platformio_creates_signed_bin_for_rp2040(
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
     """Test that upload_using_platformio creates firmware.bin.signed for RP2040."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir()
@@ -1756,6 +1853,53 @@ def test_upload_using_platformio_skips_signed_bin_for_non_rp2040(
     assert result == 0
 
 
+def test_upload_using_platformio_skips_signed_bin_when_already_present(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The signed-bin copy is idempotent: if ``firmware.bin.signed`` already
+    exists on the RP2 build path, the upload step must not overwrite it
+    (and must not fail when the unsigned ``firmware.bin`` is absent)."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
+
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    # Pre-existing signed bin with distinct content — must be preserved.
+    signed_bin = build_dir / "firmware.bin.signed"
+    signed_bin.write_bytes(b"already signed")
+    # No unsigned firmware.bin on disk — the `is_file()` guard must hold.
+    firmware_elf = build_dir / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(b"elf")
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock()
+    mock_idedata.firmware_elf_path = str(firmware_elf)
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.get_idedata", return_value=mock_idedata),
+        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.run_platformio_cli_run", return_value=0),
+    ):
+        result = upload_using_platformio({}, "/dev/ttyACM0")
+
+    assert result == 0
+    # Pre-existing signed bin is untouched.
+    assert signed_bin.read_bytes() == b"already signed"
+
+
+def test_upload_using_platformio_handles_port_none(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The upload step must work without a serial port (PlatformIO picks the
+    target itself); the ``--upload-port`` flag is only appended when a port
+    is provided."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32)
+
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.platformio.toolchain.run_platformio_cli_run", return_value=0
+    ) as mock_run:
+        result = upload_using_platformio({}, None)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    args = mock_run.call_args.args
+    assert "--upload-port" not in args
+
+
 def test_upload_program_serial_upload_failed(
     mock_upload_using_esptool: Mock,
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
@@ -1783,7 +1927,7 @@ def test_upload_program_bootsel(
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test upload_program with BOOTSEL for RP2040."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
     mock_get_port_type.return_value = "BOOTSEL"
     mock_upload_using_picotool.return_value = 0
 
@@ -1804,7 +1948,7 @@ def test_upload_program_bootsel_failed(
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test upload_program when BOOTSEL upload fails."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2)
     mock_get_port_type.return_value = "BOOTSEL"
     mock_upload_using_picotool.return_value = 1
 
@@ -1821,7 +1965,7 @@ def test_upload_program_bootsel_failed(
 
 def test_upload_using_picotool_success(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test upload_using_picotool succeeds."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2, tmp_path=tmp_path)
 
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir()
@@ -1858,7 +2002,7 @@ def test_upload_using_picotool_success(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 def test_upload_using_picotool_no_elf(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test upload_using_picotool when ELF file is missing."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2, tmp_path=tmp_path)
 
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir()
@@ -1876,7 +2020,7 @@ def test_upload_using_picotool_no_elf(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 def test_upload_using_picotool_not_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test upload_using_picotool when picotool binary not found."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2, tmp_path=tmp_path)
 
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir()
@@ -1896,7 +2040,7 @@ def test_upload_using_picotool_not_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 def test_upload_using_picotool_permission_error(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test upload_using_picotool shows helpful message on permission error."""
-    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2, tmp_path=tmp_path)
 
     build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
     build_dir.mkdir()
@@ -2433,6 +2577,30 @@ def test_has_web_server_ota_returns_false_without_config() -> None:
     assert has_ota() is True
 
 
+def test_has_web_server_logging_default() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is True for a default web_server (v2, log on)."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is True
+
+
+def test_has_web_server_logging_without_config() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is False when web_server is not configured."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_API: {}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is False
+
+
+def test_has_web_server_logging_v1_has_no_events_stream() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is False for v1, which has no /events endpoint."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_VERSION: 1}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is False
+
+
+def test_has_web_server_logging_respects_log_disabled() -> None:
+    """has_web_server_logging is False when the web_server log option is off."""
+    setup_core(config={CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_LOG: False}})
+    assert has_web_server_logging() is False
+
+
 def test_upload_program_web_server_only_auto_dispatches(
     mock_run_web_server_ota: Mock,
     mock_run_ota: Mock,
@@ -2716,7 +2884,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_with_mqtt_resolution(
 
     assert exit_code == 0
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
     expected_firmware = (
         tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
     )
@@ -2763,7 +2933,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_with_mqtt_empty_broker(
     assert exit_code == 0
     assert host == "192.168.1.50"
     # Verify MQTT was attempted but failed gracefully
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
     # Verify we fell back to the IP address
     expected_firmware = (
         tmp_path / ".esphome" / "build" / "test" / ".pioenvs" / "test" / "firmware.bin"
@@ -2775,18 +2947,17 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_with_mqtt_empty_broker(
     assert "MQTT IP discovery failed" in caplog.text
 
 
-@patch("esphome.__main__.importlib.import_module")
+@patch("esphome.platform_hooks.get_platform_hook")
 def test_upload_program_platform_specific_handler(
-    mock_import: Mock,
+    mock_get_hook: Mock,
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test upload_program with platform-specific upload handler."""
-    setup_core(platform="custom_platform")
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_NRF52)
     mock_get_port_type.return_value = "CUSTOM"
 
-    mock_module = MagicMock()
-    mock_module.upload_program.return_value = True
-    mock_import.return_value = mock_module
+    platform_upload = MagicMock(return_value=True)
+    mock_get_hook.return_value = platform_upload
 
     config = {}
     args = MockArgs()
@@ -2796,8 +2967,8 @@ def test_upload_program_platform_specific_handler(
 
     assert exit_code == 0
     assert host == "custom_device"
-    mock_import.assert_called_once_with("esphome.components.custom_platform")
-    mock_module.upload_program.assert_called_once_with(config, args, "custom_device")
+    mock_get_hook.assert_called_once_with(PLATFORM_NRF52, "upload_program")
+    platform_upload.assert_called_once_with(config, args, "custom_device")
 
 
 def test_show_logs_serial(
@@ -2831,7 +3002,7 @@ def test_show_logs_no_logger() -> None:
         show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
 ) -> None:
@@ -2853,11 +3024,14 @@ def test_show_logs_api(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config,
+        ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"],
+        subscribe_states=True,
+        mqtt_resolver=None,
     )
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api_no_states(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
 ) -> None:
@@ -2880,11 +3054,11 @@ def test_show_logs_api_no_states(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api_with_fqdn_mdns_disabled(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
 ) -> None:
@@ -2907,11 +3081,11 @@ def test_show_logs_api_with_fqdn_mdns_disabled(
     assert result == 0
     # Should use the FQDN directly, not try MQTT lookup
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["device.example.com"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config, ["device.example.com"], subscribe_states=True, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api_with_mqtt_fallback(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
     mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
@@ -2935,9 +3109,44 @@ def test_show_logs_api_with_mqtt_fallback(
     result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
 
     assert result == 0
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.200"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.200"], subscribe_states=True, mqtt_resolver=None
+    )
+
+
+@patch("esphome.mqtt.show_logs")
+def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_only_resolve_failure_falls_back_to_mqtt_logs(
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs: Mock,
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """With no addresses at all after a failed MQTT lookup, MQTT logging is used."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_API: {},
+            CONF_MQTT: {CONF_BROKER: "mqtt.local"},
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.return_value = 0
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.side_effect = EsphomeError("Failed to find IP via MQTT")
+
+    args = MockArgs(
+        topic="esphome/logs", username="user", password="pass", client_id="client"
+    )
+    devices = ["MQTT", "MQTTIP"]
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "esphome/logs", "user", "pass", "client"
     )
 
 
@@ -3002,6 +3211,77 @@ def test_show_logs_network_with_mqtt_only(
     )
 
 
+@patch("esphome.web_server_logs.run_logs")
+def test_show_logs_web_server(
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """A web_server-only device streams logs over the HTTP SSE endpoint."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_PORT: 80},
+            # No API or MQTT configured
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_run_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, MockArgs(), ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(["192.168.1.100"], 80, None, None)
+
+
+@patch("esphome.web_server_logs.run_logs")
+def test_show_logs_web_server_with_auth_and_port(
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """web_server port and basic-auth credentials are forwarded to the streamer."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER: {
+                CONF_PORT: 8080,
+                CONF_AUTH: {CONF_USERNAME: "admin", CONF_PASSWORD: "secret"},
+            },
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_run_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, MockArgs(), ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(["192.168.1.100"], 8080, "admin", "secret")
+
+
+@patch("esphome.web_server_logs.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.mqtt.show_logs")
+def test_show_logs_mqtt_preferred_over_web_server(
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs: Mock,
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """With both MQTT logging and web_server, MQTT wins (API > MQTT > web_server)."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            "mqtt": {CONF_BROKER: "mqtt.local"},
+            CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_PORT: 80},
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    args = MockArgs(
+        topic="esphome/logs", username="user", password="pass", client_id="client"
+    )
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, ["192.168.1.100"])
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_mqtt_show_logs.assert_called_once()
+    mock_run_logs.assert_not_called()
+
+
 def test_show_logs_no_method_configured() -> None:
     """Test show_logs when no remote logging method is configured."""
     setup_core(
@@ -3021,16 +3301,15 @@ def test_show_logs_no_method_configured() -> None:
         show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
 
 
-@patch("esphome.__main__.importlib.import_module")
+@patch("esphome.platform_hooks.get_platform_hook")
 def test_show_logs_platform_specific_handler(
-    mock_import: Mock,
+    mock_get_hook: Mock,
 ) -> None:
     """Test show_logs with platform-specific logs handler."""
-    setup_core(platform="custom_platform", config={"logger": {}})
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_NRF52, config={"logger": {}})
 
-    mock_module = MagicMock()
-    mock_module.show_logs.return_value = True
-    mock_import.return_value = mock_module
+    platform_show_logs = MagicMock(return_value=True)
+    mock_get_hook.return_value = platform_show_logs
 
     config = {"logger": {}}
     args = MockArgs()
@@ -3039,8 +3318,8 @@ def test_show_logs_platform_specific_handler(
     result = show_logs(config, args, devices)
 
     assert result == 0
-    mock_import.assert_called_once_with("esphome.components.custom_platform")
-    mock_module.show_logs.assert_called_once_with(config, args, devices)
+    mock_get_hook.assert_called_once_with(PLATFORM_NRF52, "show_logs")
+    platform_show_logs.assert_called_once_with(config, args, devices)
 
 
 def test_has_mqtt_logging_no_log_topic() -> None:
@@ -3160,6 +3439,11 @@ def test_get_port_type() -> None:
     assert get_port_type("BOOTSEL") == "BOOTSEL"
 
 
+def test_mqtt_reexports_discover_ip() -> None:
+    """The old import path must keep working for external code."""
+    assert mqtt.CONF_DISCOVER_IP is CONF_DISCOVER_IP
+
+
 def test_has_mqtt_ip_lookup() -> None:
     """Test has_mqtt_ip_lookup function."""
 
@@ -3226,7 +3510,9 @@ def test_mqtt_get_ip() -> None:
         result = mqtt_get_ip(config, "user", "pass", "client-id")
 
         assert result == ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"]
-        mock_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client-id")
+        mock_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+            config, "user", "pass", "client-id", stop_event=None
+        )
 
 
 def test_has_resolvable_address() -> None:
@@ -3607,6 +3893,37 @@ def test_resolve_network_devices_keeps_uncached_hosts(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert result == ["unknown.local", "192.168.1.50"]
 
 
+def test_split_network_devices_direct_only(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Direct addresses pass through deduped, with no MQTT flag."""
+    setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    assert _split_network_devices(["192.168.1.50", "device.local", "192.168.1.50"]) == (
+        ["192.168.1.50", "device.local"],
+        False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_split_network_devices_mqtt_only(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """MQTT magic strings produce no direct addresses, only the flag."""
+    setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    assert _split_network_devices(["MQTTIP", "MQTT"]) == ([], True)
+
+
+def test_split_network_devices_expands_cached_mdns_hosts(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Hostnames in ``CORE.address_cache`` are expanded like _resolve_network_devices."""
+    setup_core(tmp_path=tmp_path)
+    CORE.address_cache = AddressCache(
+        mdns_cache={
+            "device-abc123.local": ["10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2"],
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert _split_network_devices(
+        ["device-abc123.local", "MQTTIP", "192.168.1.50", "device-abc123.local"]
+    ) == (["10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", "192.168.1.50"], True)
+
+
 def test_await_discovery_timeout_returns_empty(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
@@ -4782,7 +5099,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_static_ip_with_mqttip(
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
 
     # Verify MQTT was resolved
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with both IPs
     expected_firmware = (
@@ -4829,7 +5148,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
     assert host == "192.168.2.50"
 
     # Verify MQTT was only resolved once despite multiple MQTT magic strings
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with all unique IPs
     expected_firmware = (
@@ -4876,7 +5197,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_mqttip_deduplication(
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
 
     # Verify MQTT was resolved
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with deduplicated IPs (only one instance of 192.168.1.100)
     # Note: Current implementation doesn't dedupe, so we'll get the IP twice
@@ -4887,7 +5210,7 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_mqttip_deduplication(
     assert "192.168.1.100" in call_args[0]
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api_static_ip_with_mqttip(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
     mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
@@ -4896,7 +5219,9 @@ def test_show_logs_api_static_ip_with_mqttip(
 
     This tests the scenario where a device has manual_ip (static IP) configured
     and MQTT is also configured. The devices list contains both the static IP
-    and "MQTTIP" magic string.
+    and "MQTTIP" magic string. The MQTT lookup must not block startup; it is
+    handed to run_logs as a deferred resolver instead (issue #18311), while
+    still being reachable as a fallback for a stale static IP.
     """
     setup_core(
         config={
@@ -4917,21 +5242,28 @@ def test_show_logs_api_static_ip_with_mqttip(
 
     assert result == 0
 
-    # Verify MQTT was resolved
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    # The broker must not be contacted before run_logs starts
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_not_called()
 
-    # Verify run_logs was called with both IPs
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.2.50"], subscribe_states=True
+    # run_logs gets the static IP immediately plus a deferred MQTT resolver
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.args == (CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["subscribe_states"] is True
+    resolver = mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["mqtt_resolver"]
+
+    # Invoking the resolver performs the MQTT lookup (the #11260 fallback)
+    assert resolver(None) == ["192.168.2.50"]
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
     )
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
     mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test that MQTT resolution only happens once for show_logs with multiple MQTT magic strings."""
+    """Test that multiple MQTT magic strings collapse into one deferred resolver."""
     setup_core(
         config={
             "logger": {},
@@ -4951,16 +5283,16 @@ def test_show_logs_api_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
 
     assert result == 0
 
-    # Verify MQTT was only resolved once despite multiple MQTT magic strings
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    # Note: "MQTT" is a different magic string from "MQTTIP", but both defer
+    # to the same single resolver; the broker is not contacted eagerly
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_not_called()
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.args == (CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
 
-    # Verify run_logs was called with all unique IPs (MQTT strings replaced with IPs)
-    # Note: "MQTT" is a different magic string from "MQTTIP", but both trigger MQTT resolution
-    # The _resolve_network_devices helper filters out both after first resolution
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config,
-        ["192.168.2.50", "192.168.2.51", "192.168.1.100"],
-        subscribe_states=True,
+    resolver = mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["mqtt_resolver"]
+    assert resolver(None) == ["192.168.2.50", "192.168.2.51"]
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
     )
 
 
@@ -4998,7 +5330,9 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
     assert host == "192.168.1.100"
 
     # Verify MQTT was attempted
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(config, "user", "pass", "client")
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
+    )
 
     # Verify espota2.run_ota was called with only the static IP (MQTT failed)
     expected_firmware = (
@@ -5009,12 +5343,12 @@ def test_upload_program_ota_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
     )
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
     mock_mqtt_get_ip: Mock,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test show_logs falls back to other devices when MQTT times out."""
+    """Test show_logs proceeds with the static IP when MQTT times out."""
     setup_core(
         config={
             "logger": {},
@@ -5033,15 +5367,17 @@ def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
 
     result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
 
-    # Should succeed using the static IP even though MQTT failed
+    # Logs start on the static IP without waiting for the broker
     assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_run_logs.call_args.args == (CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
 
-    # Verify MQTT was attempted
-    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
-
-    # Verify run_logs was called with only the static IP (MQTT failed)
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True
+    # The deferred resolver owns the failure policy: it logs a warning and
+    # returns no addresses so the session keeps running on the known ones
+    resolver = mock_run_logs.call_args.kwargs["mqtt_resolver"]
+    assert resolver(None) == []
+    mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client", stop_event=None
     )
 
 
@@ -5363,6 +5699,43 @@ def _setup_build_info_test(
     return build_info_path, firmware_path
 
 
+def test_compile_program_esp8266_runs_rosetta_check(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test that compile_program runs the Rosetta preflight for ESP8266 targets."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP8266, tmp_path=tmp_path, name="test_device")
+
+    config: dict[str, Any] = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_NAME: "test_device"}}
+    args = MockArgs()
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.components.esp8266.check_rosetta",
+            side_effect=EsphomeError("Rosetta 2 is not installed"),
+        ) as mock_check,
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Rosetta 2 is not installed"),
+    ):
+        compile_program(args, config)
+
+    mock_check.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_compile_program_skips_rosetta_check_on_other_platforms(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_compile_build_info_run_compile: Mock,
+    mock_compile_build_info_get_idedata: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that the Rosetta preflight does not run for non-ESP8266 targets."""
+    _setup_build_info_test(tmp_path, firmware_first=True)
+
+    config: dict[str, Any] = {CONF_ESPHOME: {CONF_NAME: "test_device"}}
+    args = MockArgs()
+
+    with patch("esphome.components.esp8266.check_rosetta") as mock_check:
+        result = compile_program(args, config)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_check.assert_not_called()
+
+
 def test_compile_program_emits_build_info_when_firmware_rebuilt(
     tmp_path: Path,
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
@@ -5534,8 +5907,6 @@ class MockSerial:
             chunk = self.chunks[self.chunk_index]
             if chunk is MOCK_SERIAL_END:
                 # Sentinel means we're done - simulate port closed
-                import serial
-
                 raise serial.SerialException("Port closed")
             # Respect the requested size and keep any remaining bytes
             if size <= 0:
@@ -5549,8 +5920,6 @@ class MockSerial:
                 # Entire chunk consumed; advance to the next one
                 self.chunk_index += 1
             return data  # type: ignore[return-value]
-        import serial
-
         raise serial.SerialException("Port closed")
 
 
@@ -5593,6 +5962,65 @@ def test_run_miniterm_batches_lines_with_same_timestamp(
     )
 
 
+def test_run_miniterm_analyzer_import_failure_keeps_streaming(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broken platform import must not stop serial log streaming.
+
+    The decoder resolves lazily, so a crash-shaped line has to arrive
+    before the import is attempted at all.
+    """
+    mock_serial = MockSerial([b"PC: 0x40104960\r\n", MOCK_SERIAL_END])
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
+    config = {
+        CONF_LOGGER: {
+            CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
+            "deassert_rts_dtr": False,
+        }
+    }
+    args = MockArgs()
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks"),
+        patch("serial.Serial", return_value=mock_serial),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.platform_hooks.get_platform_hook",
+            side_effect=ImportError("broken platform package"),
+        ),
+    ):
+        result = run_miniterm(config, "/dev/ttyUSB0", args)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    # A broken package is distinguishable from a plain capability gap.
+    assert "failed to import: broken platform package" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_miniterm_no_stacktrace_analyzer(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Platforms without a stacktrace analyzer log an info and stream anyway."""
+    mock_serial = MockSerial([b"[I][app:100]: Line 1\r\n", MOCK_SERIAL_END])
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_BK72XX}
+    config = {
+        CONF_LOGGER: {
+            CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
+            "deassert_rts_dtr": False,
+        }
+    }
+    args = MockArgs()
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks"),
+        patch("serial.Serial", return_value=mock_serial),
+    ):
+        result = run_miniterm(config, "/dev/ttyUSB0", args)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    assert "Stacktrace analysis is unavailable" in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_run_miniterm_different_chunks_different_timestamps(
     capfd: CaptureFixture[str],
 ) -> None:
@@ -5673,7 +6101,9 @@ def test_run_miniterm_backtrace_state_maintained() -> None:
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([backtrace_chunk, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
-    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
+    # An esp8266 dump on an esp8266 session; the platform-scoped gate
+    # would rightly never resolve esp32's decoder for these lines.
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP8266}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
@@ -5699,7 +6129,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_backtrace_state_maintained() -> None:
     with (
         patch("serial.Serial", return_value=mock_serial),
         patch.object(
-            esp32,
+            esp8266,
             "process_stacktrace",
             side_effect=track_backtrace_state,
         ),
@@ -5726,6 +6156,38 @@ def test_run_miniterm_backtrace_state_maintained() -> None:
     assert backtrace_states[3][1] is True
 
 
+def test_run_miniterm_decoder_failure_keeps_streaming(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A decoder exception must not kill serial streaming.
+
+    This is the serial path's gain from sharing LogLineProcessor: before
+    the lift a decoder exception propagated out of the read loop.
+    """
+    chunk = b"PC: 0x4010496e\r\nBT0: 0x4010496e\r\nstill streaming\r\n"
+    mock_serial = MockSerial([chunk, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
+    config = {
+        CONF_LOGGER: {
+            CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
+            "deassert_rts_dtr": False,
+        }
+    }
+    args = MockArgs()
+
+    decoder = Mock(side_effect=EsphomeError("no idedata"))
+    with (
+        patch("serial.Serial", return_value=mock_serial),
+        patch.object(esp32, "process_stacktrace", decoder),
+    ):
+        run_miniterm(config, "/dev/ttyUSB0", args)
+
+    # The failure is contained and latched; streaming continued to EOF.
+    assert decoder.call_count == 1
+    assert "Crash trace decoding unavailable" in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_run_miniterm_handles_empty_reads(
     capfd: CaptureFixture[str],
 ) -> None:
@@ -6072,16 +6534,14 @@ def test_run_esphome_bundle_detection(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     extracted_yaml = tmp_path / "extracted" / "device.yaml"
 
     with (
-        patch("esphome.bundle.is_bundle_path", return_value=True) as mock_is_bundle,
         patch(
             "esphome.bundle.prepare_bundle_for_compile",
             return_value=extracted_yaml,
         ) as mock_prepare,
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=None),
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None),
     ):
         result = run_esphome(["esphome", "compile", str(bundle_path)])
 
-    mock_is_bundle.assert_called_once()
     mock_prepare.assert_called_once_with(bundle_path)
     # read_config returns None → exit code 2
     assert result == 2
@@ -6093,13 +6553,11 @@ def test_run_esphome_non_bundle_skips_extraction(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     yaml_file.write_text("esphome:\n  name: test\n")
 
     with (
-        patch("esphome.bundle.is_bundle_path", return_value=False) as mock_is_bundle,
         patch("esphome.bundle.prepare_bundle_for_compile") as mock_prepare,
-        patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=None),
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None),
     ):
         result = run_esphome(["esphome", "compile", str(yaml_file)])
 
-    mock_is_bundle.assert_called_once()
     mock_prepare.assert_not_called()
     assert result == 2
 
@@ -6123,13 +6581,33 @@ def test_run_esphome_skip_external_update_per_command(
     yaml_file = tmp_path / "device.yaml"
     yaml_file.write_text("esphome:\n  name: test\n")
 
-    with patch("esphome.__main__.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read:
+    with patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read:
         run_esphome(["esphome", command, str(yaml_file)])
 
     mock_read.assert_called_once()
     assert mock_read.call_args.kwargs["skip_external_update"] is expected_skip
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("argv_extra", "expected"),
+    [(["--no-defaults"], True), ([], False)],
+)
+def test_run_esphome_snapshot_user_config_only_for_no_defaults(
+    tmp_path: Path, argv_extra: list[str], expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    """read_config is invoked with snapshot_user_config=True only when the
+    config command is run with --no-defaults; otherwise the expensive deep
+    copy is skipped."""
+    yaml_file = tmp_path / "device.yaml"
+    yaml_file.write_text("esphome:\n  name: test\n")
+
+    with patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read:
+        run_esphome(["esphome", "config", str(yaml_file), *argv_extra])
+
+    mock_read.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_read.call_args.kwargs["snapshot_user_config"] is expected
+
+
 def test_get_configured_xtal_freq_reads_sdkconfig(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test reading XTAL_FREQ from sdkconfig."""
     CORE.name = "test-device"
@@ -6281,10 +6759,25 @@ def test_parse_args_logs_states() -> None:
     assert args.states is True
 
 
+def test_parse_args_argcomplete_only_runs_when_completing() -> None:
+    """Only import and invoke argcomplete when _ARGCOMPLETE is set.
+
+    The shell-completion machinery sets _ARGCOMPLETE when it invokes the
+    CLI; a normal invocation must skip the import entirely so every
+    esphome subprocess (e.g. parallel dashboard uploads) avoids paying
+    for it.
+    """
+    fake_argcomplete = MagicMock()
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"_ARGCOMPLETE": "1"}),
+        patch.dict(sys.modules, {"argcomplete": fake_argcomplete}),
+    ):
+        parse_args(["esphome", "version"])
+    fake_argcomplete.autocomplete.assert_called_once()
+
+
 def test_should_subscribe_states_default() -> None:
     """Test that states are shown by default when nothing is set."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False):
         os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_LOG_STATES", None)
@@ -6293,8 +6786,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_default() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_env_suppresses() -> None:
     """Test that ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=false suppresses states by default."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "false"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is False
@@ -6302,8 +6793,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_env_suppresses() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_env_enables() -> None:
     """Test that ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=true enables states by default."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "true"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is True
@@ -6311,8 +6800,6 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_env_enables() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_flag_overrides_env() -> None:
     """Test that --states overrides ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=false."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "--states", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "false"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is True
@@ -6320,14 +6807,12 @@ def test_should_subscribe_states_flag_overrides_env() -> None:
 
 def test_should_subscribe_states_no_flag_overrides_env() -> None:
     """Test that --no-states overrides ESPHOME_LOG_STATES=true."""
-    from esphome.__main__ import _should_subscribe_states
-
     args = parse_args(["esphome", "logs", "--no-states", "device.yaml"])
     with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_LOG_STATES": "true"}):
         assert _should_subscribe_states(args) is False
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_command_run_passes_no_states_to_show_logs(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
 ) -> None:
@@ -6361,11 +6846,11 @@ def test_command_run_passes_no_states_to_show_logs(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
-@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+@patch("esphome.api_client.run_logs")
 def test_command_run_defaults_subscribe_states_true(
     mock_run_logs: Mock,
 ) -> None:
@@ -6402,7 +6887,7 @@ def test_command_run_defaults_subscribe_states_true(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True, mqtt_resolver=None
     )
 
 
@@ -6411,7 +6896,7 @@ def test_command_run_rp2040_bootsel_redetects_serial_port() -> None:
     picks up the newly enumerated serial port before showing logs."""
     setup_core(
         config={"logger": {}, CONF_API: {}, CONF_MDNS: {CONF_DISABLED: False}},
-        platform=PLATFORM_RP2040,
+        platform=PLATFORM_RP2,
     )
 
     args = MockArgs()
@@ -6467,3 +6952,305 @@ def test_command_idedata_esp_idf_no_build_errors() -> None:
         result = command_idedata(MagicMock(), CORE.config)
 
     assert result == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    os.name != "posix", reason="serial permission checks are posix-only"
+)
+def test_check_permissions_missing_port() -> None:
+    """A nonexistent serial port raises the does-not-exist guidance."""
+    with (
+        patch("os.access", return_value=False),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="serial port does not exist"),
+    ):
+        check_permissions("/dev/ttyUSB99")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    os.name != "posix", reason="serial permission checks are posix-only"
+)
+def test_check_permissions_unreadable_port() -> None:
+    """An existing but unreadable serial port raises the dialout guidance."""
+    with (
+        patch("os.access", side_effect=lambda _path, mode: mode == os.F_OK),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="read or write permission"),
+    ):
+        check_permissions("/dev/ttyUSB99")
+
+
+def _make_checkout(root: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a directory that looks like an esphome checkout."""
+    (root / "esphome").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (root / "esphome" / "__main__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
+    return root
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_warns_for_other_tree(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Standing in a checkout other than the one being run warns."""
+    standing_in = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "worktree")
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(standing_in)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert "worktree" in caplog.text
+    assert "main" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_in_same_tree(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Standing in the tree that is running is the normal case and is silent."""
+    tree = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tree)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(tree / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_outside_checkout(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An ordinary install run from a config directory never warns."""
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "configs"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+    monkeypatch.chdir(config_dir)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_in_subdirectory(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A subdirectory of the running tree resolves to that tree, so no warning."""
+    tree = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    subdir = tree / "esphome" / "components"
+    subdir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    monkeypatch.chdir(subdir)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(tree / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_warns_when_stat_fails_on_other_tree(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The samefile() fallback must still warn when the trees really differ."""
+    standing_in = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "worktree")
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(standing_in)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    def raise_oserror(self: Path, other: Path) -> bool:
+        raise OSError("stat failed")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "samefile", raise_oserror)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert "worktree" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_silent_when_cwd_is_gone(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A deleted working directory must not turn the diagnostic into a traceback."""
+    running = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(running / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    def raise_filenotfound() -> Path:
+        raise FileNotFoundError("cwd is gone")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "cwd", staticmethod(raise_filenotfound))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+def test_warn_source_tree_mismatch_falls_back_when_stat_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """If samefile() cannot stat, fall back to comparing the paths."""
+    tree = _make_checkout(tmp_path / "main")
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tree)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(main, "__file__", str(tree / "esphome" / "__main__.py"))
+
+    def raise_oserror(self: Path, other: Path) -> bool:
+        raise OSError("stat failed")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "samefile", raise_oserror)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        main._warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
+
+    # Same tree, so the path comparison still finds them equal and stays silent
+    assert not caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "error",
+    [
+        FileNotFoundError("no such compiler"),
+        RuntimeError("Could not query builtin include dirs"),
+        ValueError("no C++ translation unit found"),
+        KeyError("command"),
+        None,  # replaced with EsphomeError inside
+    ],
+)
+def test_compile_program_espidf_idedata_failure_does_not_fail_build(
+    error: Exception,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A post-compile idedata error is a warning: the firmware already built."""
+    if error is None:
+        error = EsphomeError("compile database is unusable")
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf",
+    }
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.run_compile", return_value=0),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_factory_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_ota_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_idedata", side_effect=error),
+        patch("esphome.__main__._check_and_emit_build_info"),
+    ):
+        assert compile_program(MagicMock(), {}) == 0
+    assert "Could not generate idedata" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_compile_program_espidf_idedata_success_is_silent(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The healthy path: idedata generated, nothing to warn about."""
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf",
+    }
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.run_compile", return_value=0),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_factory_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_ota_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_idedata", return_value={"cc_path": "x"}),
+        patch("esphome.__main__._check_and_emit_build_info"),
+    ):
+        assert compile_program(MagicMock(), {}) == 0
+    assert "idedata" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_compile_program_espidf_idedata_none_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A silent None from the post-compile idedata refresh is made visible."""
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ESP_IDF
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: "esp32",
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf",
+    }
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.run_compile", return_value=0),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_factory_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_ota_bin"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.create_elf_copy"),
+        patch("esphome.espidf.toolchain.get_idedata", return_value=None),
+        patch("esphome.__main__._check_and_emit_build_info"),
+    ):
+        assert compile_program(MagicMock(), {}) == 0
+    assert "No idedata was generated" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_cli_toolchain_skips_the_validated_config_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An explicit --toolchain must run the per-platform validators, so the
+    upload/logs fast path becomes a cache miss."""
+    conf = tmp_path / "device.yaml"
+    conf.write_text("esphome:\n  name: t\n")
+    argv = ["esphome", "--toolchain", "arduino", "logs", str(conf)]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.load_compiled_config") as mock_cache,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value=None) as mock_read,
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(argv) == 2
+    mock_cache.assert_not_called()
+    mock_read.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_cli_toolchain_still_refreshes_the_validated_config_cache(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """An explicit --toolchain gates only the cache read; with a matching
+    sidecar the freshly validated config is still saved."""
+    conf = tmp_path / "device.yaml"
+    conf.write_text("esphome:\n  name: t\n")
+    argv = ["esphome", "--toolchain", "platformio", "logs", str(conf)]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.load_compiled_config") as mock_load,
+        patch("esphome.config.read_config", return_value={CONF_ESPHOME: {}}),
+        patch("esphome.compiled_config.save_compiled_config_and_sidecar") as mock_save,
+        patch.dict(
+            "esphome.__main__.POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS", {"logs": Mock(return_value=0)}
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert run_esphome(argv) == 0
+    mock_load.assert_not_called()
+    mock_save.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wrap_to_code_comment_is_insertion_order_independent() -> None:
+    """The config comment dumps with sorted keys: voluptuous fills schema
+    defaults in set-iteration order, so an unsorted dump would churn
+    main.cpp and relink the firmware on every run."""
+    comments: list[str] = []
+
+    async def to_code(conf: ConfigType) -> None:
+        """Accept any config; only the wrapper's comment output matters."""
+
+    comp = SimpleNamespace(to_code=to_code, config_schema=object())
+    wrapped = _wrap_to_code("demo", comp, yaml_util)
+    with patch("esphome.codegen.add", side_effect=lambda st: comments.append(str(st))):
+        # Nested on purpose: the real churn lives in nested action configs,
+        # so sorting must apply at every mapping level
+        await wrapped({"beta": 1, "alpha": {"z": 1, "a": 2}})
+        first = "\n".join(comments)
+        comments.clear()
+        await wrapped({"alpha": {"a": 2, "z": 1}, "beta": 1})
+    second = "\n".join(comments)
+    assert first == second
+    assert second.index("alpha") < second.index("beta")
+    assert second.index("a: 2") < second.index("z: 1")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py
index 4c2c34dff1..1ae10d0eb5 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_mqtt.py
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
+import threading
+import time
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.const import CONF_BROKER, CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_MQTT, CONF_NAME
@@ -89,3 +94,260 @@ def test_get_esphome_device_ip_missing_name() -> None:
         match="Cannot discover IP via MQTT as the config does not include the device name:",
     ):
         get_esphome_device_ip(config)
+
+
+def _discovery_config() -> dict:
+    return {
+        CONF_MQTT: {
+            CONF_BROKER: "mqtt.local",
+        },
+        CONF_ESPHOME: {
+            CONF_NAME: "test-device",
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def _deliver_on_loop_start(mock_prepare, client, payload: bytes) -> None:
+    """Deliver a discovery answer as soon as the network loop starts."""
+
+    def deliver(*args, **kwargs):
+        msg = MagicMock()
+        msg.payload = payload
+        mock_prepare.call_args.args[2](client, None, msg)
+
+    client.loop_start.side_effect = deliver
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_success() -> None:
+    """A device answer on the discovery topic returns its IPs."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare,
+            client,
+            json.dumps(
+                {"name": "test-device", "ip": "10.0.0.5", "ip1": "10.0.0.6"}
+            ).encode(),
+        )
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5", "10.0.0.6"]
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+    # Once from on_message on receiving the answer, once from the finally
+    assert client.disconnect.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_preset_stop_event_skips_lookup() -> None:
+    """A stop event set before the call returns [] without touching the broker."""
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    stop_event.set()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare") as mock_prepare:
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), stop_event=stop_event)
+
+    assert result == []
+    mock_prepare.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_stop_event_aborts_wait() -> None:
+    """A stop event set mid-wait exits quietly with no addresses."""
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    client = MagicMock()
+    # Simulate teardown starting right after the network loop spins up
+    client.loop_start.side_effect = stop_event.set
+
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client):
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), stop_event=stop_event)
+
+    # An abort is not a failure and must be nowhere near the 25s timeout
+    assert result == []
+    assert time.monotonic() - start < 5
+    client.disconnect.assert_called_once_with()
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_timeout_raises() -> None:
+    """No answer within the timeout raises EsphomeError (default stop event path)."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"),
+    ):
+        get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=0.25)
+
+    client.disconnect.assert_called_once_with()
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_stop_during_connect_skips_wait() -> None:
+    """A stop event set while the broker connect is in flight still cleans up."""
+    stop_event = threading.Event()
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    def prepare_and_stop(*args):
+        stop_event.set()
+        return client
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", side_effect=prepare_and_stop):
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), stop_event=stop_event)
+
+    assert result == []
+    client.loop_start.assert_not_called()
+    client.disconnect.assert_called_once_with()
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_replaces_reconnect_handler(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The one-shot discovery client must not inherit the reconnect-forever
+    handler, which would make loop_stop() join the network thread forever;
+    its replacement still reports a broker-initiated disconnect."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    prepare_handler = MagicMock()
+    client.on_disconnect = prepare_handler
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"),
+    ):
+        get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=0.25)
+
+    assert client.on_disconnect is not prepare_handler
+    client.on_disconnect(client, None, 0)
+    assert "Disconnected from MQTT broker" not in caplog.text
+    client.on_disconnect(client, None, 5)
+    assert "Disconnected from MQTT broker (5)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_answer_without_ip_fails_fast(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A device answer with no IP fields fails promptly, not at the timeout."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare, client, json.dumps({"name": "test-device"}).encode()
+        )
+
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"):
+            get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=5)
+
+    assert time.monotonic() - start < 1
+    assert "Device answer did not include an IP address" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("payload", [b"not json {", b"123", b"null"])
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_unparsable_payload_ignored(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    payload: bytes,
+) -> None:
+    """Garbage on the discovery topic must not kill paho's network thread."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(mock_prepare, client, payload)
+
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"):
+            get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=0)
+
+    assert "Ignoring unparsable discovery payload" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_broker_disconnect_fails_fast(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broker-initiated disconnect aborts the wait instead of timing out."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client):
+
+        def drop_connection(*args, **kwargs):
+            client.on_disconnect(client, None, 5)
+
+        client.loop_start.side_effect = drop_connection
+
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Failed to find IP via MQTT"):
+            get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config(), timeout=5)
+
+    assert time.monotonic() - start < 1
+    assert "Disconnected from MQTT broker (5)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_sends_discovery_ping() -> None:
+    """Connecting publishes the discovery ping for the device."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+
+        def connect_then_answer(*args, **kwargs):
+            on_connect = mock_prepare.call_args.args[3]
+            on_connect(client, None, None, 0)
+            msg = MagicMock()
+            msg.payload = json.dumps({"name": "test-device", "ip": "10.0.0.5"}).encode()
+            mock_prepare.call_args.args[2](client, None, msg)
+
+        client.loop_start.side_effect = connect_then_answer
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5"]
+    client.publish.assert_called_once_with(
+        "esphome/ping/test-device", None, retain=False
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_disconnect_error_does_not_mask_result(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A cleanup failure must not replace the discovery result."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    # First disconnect (from on_message) succeeds; the finally's fails
+    client.disconnect.side_effect = [None, OSError("socket already closed")]
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare,
+            client,
+            json.dumps({"name": "test-device", "ip": "10.0.0.5"}).encode(),
+        )
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5"]
+    client.loop_stop.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+def test_get_esphome_device_ip_invalid_address_values_skipped(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Non-string or non-printable ip values are skipped, valid ones kept."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("esphome.mqtt.prepare", return_value=client) as mock_prepare:
+        _deliver_on_loop_start(
+            mock_prepare,
+            client,
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "name": "test-device",
+                    "ip": 1234,
+                    "ip1": "x\n[00:00:00][I][forged] fake line",
+                    "ip2": "  10.0.0.5  ",
+                }
+            ).encode(),
+        )
+
+        result = get_esphome_device_ip(_discovery_config())
+
+    assert result == ["10.0.0.5"]
+    assert caplog.text.count("Ignoring invalid address in discovery answer") == 2
+    assert "forged" not in "".join(
+        r.getMessage() for r in caplog.records if "Found IP" in r.getMessage()
+    )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_net_retry.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_net_retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c2a1ee05f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_net_retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.net_retry."""
+
+import socket
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
+
+import pytest
+import requests as req
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.net_retry import (
+    fetch_with_retry,
+    http_request,
+    is_transient_download_error,
+)
+
+
+def _http_error(status: int) -> req.HTTPError:
+    """An HTTPError carrying a response with the given status, as raised by
+    ``raise_for_status`` on a real response."""
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.status_code = status
+    return req.HTTPError(str(status), response=resp)
+
+
+class TestIsTransientDownloadError:
+    def test_connection_errors_are_transient(self) -> None:
+        assert is_transient_download_error(req.ConnectionError("reset"))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(req.Timeout("timed out"))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(
+            req.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("dropped")
+        )
+        assert is_transient_download_error(
+            req.exceptions.ContentDecodingError("gzip stream truncated")
+        )
+
+    def test_http_statuses(self) -> None:
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(_http_error(404))
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(_http_error(403))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(_http_error(429))
+        assert is_transient_download_error(_http_error(503))
+
+    def test_http_error_without_response_is_permanent(self) -> None:
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(req.HTTPError("boom"))
+
+    def test_hard_dns_failures_are_permanent(self) -> None:
+        """Hard resolution failures are permanent via both the cause chain
+        and MaxRetryError.reason."""
+        from urllib3.exceptions import MaxRetryError, NameResolutionError
+
+        gai = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_NONAME, "nodename nor servname provided")
+
+        chained = req.ConnectionError("resolution failed")
+        chained.__cause__ = gai
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(chained)
+
+        # The real urllib3 shape: gaierror on NameResolutionError.__cause__,
+        # carried by MaxRetryError.reason.
+        try:
+            raise NameResolutionError("example.invalid", None, gai) from gai
+        except NameResolutionError as nre:
+            wrapped = req.ConnectionError(
+                MaxRetryError(None, "http://example.invalid/", reason=nre)
+            )
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(wrapped)
+
+        # A garden-variety connection reset stays transient.
+        assert is_transient_download_error(req.ConnectionError("reset by peer"))
+
+    def test_temporary_dns_failure_stays_transient(self) -> None:
+        """EAI_AGAIN (flaky resolver) stays retryable."""
+        gai = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_AGAIN, "temporary failure in name resolution")
+        chained = req.ConnectionError("resolution failed")
+        chained.__cause__ = gai
+
+        assert is_transient_download_error(chained)
+
+    def test_implicit_context_does_not_reclassify(self) -> None:
+        """A gaierror riding along as implicit __context__ must not turn a
+        genuine connection reset permanent."""
+        try:
+            try:
+                raise socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_NONAME, "first attempt")
+            except socket.gaierror:
+                raise req.ConnectionError("reset by peer") from None
+        except req.ConnectionError as reset:
+            assert reset.__context__ is not None
+            assert is_transient_download_error(reset)
+
+    def test_gaierror_without_errno_stays_transient(self) -> None:
+        """A gaierror carrying no EAI code cannot prove a hard failure."""
+        chained = req.ConnectionError("resolution failed")
+        chained.__cause__ = socket.gaierror("no errno")
+
+        assert is_transient_download_error(chained)
+
+    def test_mixed_chain_hard_failure_wins(self) -> None:
+        """EAI_AGAIN in the chain does not mask a hard failure elsewhere."""
+        again = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_AGAIN, "temporary failure")
+        hard = socket.gaierror(socket.EAI_NONAME, "unknown host")
+
+        outer = req.ConnectionError(hard)
+        outer.__cause__ = again
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(outer)
+
+        outer = req.ConnectionError(again)
+        outer.__cause__ = hard
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(outer)
+
+    def test_dns_walk_survives_exception_cycles(self) -> None:
+        """A cyclic cause chain must terminate (and stay transient when no
+        resolution failure is present)."""
+        outer = req.ConnectionError("a")
+        inner = ValueError("b")
+        outer.__cause__ = inner
+        inner.__cause__ = outer
+
+        assert is_transient_download_error(outer)
+
+    def test_exhausted_resume_attempts_are_permanent(self) -> None:
+        """download_with_resume already spent its own resume attempts; its
+        EsphomeError wrapper is not retried again at the sweep level."""
+        wrapped = EsphomeError("Failed to download after 3 attempts")
+        wrapped.__cause__ = req.ConnectionError("down")
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(wrapped)
+
+    def test_unrelated_errors_are_permanent(self) -> None:
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(OSError("disk full"))
+        assert not is_transient_download_error(EsphomeError("size mismatch"))
+
+
+class TestFetchWithRetry:
+    def test_logs_the_upcoming_attempt_number(
+        self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        """The warning names the attempt about to run, not the failed one."""
+        with (
+            patch("esphome.net_retry.time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+            pytest.raises(req.ConnectionError),
+        ):
+            fetch_with_retry(
+                "https://example.com/f",
+                lambda: (_ for _ in ()).throw(req.ConnectionError("reset")),
+            )
+
+        assert mock_sleep.call_args_list == [call(2), call(4)]
+        assert "(attempt 2/3)" in caplog.text
+        assert "(attempt 3/3)" in caplog.text
+
+
+class TestHttpRequest:
+    def test_applies_happy_eyeballs_and_forwards_arguments(self) -> None:
+        with (
+            patch("esphome.net_retry.ensure_happy_eyeballs") as mock_he,
+            patch("requests.get", return_value=MagicMock()) as mock_get,
+        ):
+            resp = http_request(
+                "GET",
+                "https://example.com/f",
+                timeout=30,
+                stream=True,
+                headers={"Range": "bytes=4-"},
+            )
+        mock_he.assert_called_once_with()
+        assert resp is mock_get.return_value
+        assert mock_get.call_args == call(
+            "https://example.com/f",
+            timeout=30,
+            stream=True,
+            headers={"Range": "bytes=4-"},
+            allow_redirects=True,
+        )
+
+    def test_dispatches_head_through_requests_head(self) -> None:
+        """Dispatch goes through requests.get/head so tests patching those
+        entry points keep working."""
+        with patch("requests.head", return_value=MagicMock()) as mock_head:
+            http_request("HEAD", "https://example.com/f", timeout=(5, 30))
+        assert mock_head.call_args[1]["timeout"] == (5, 30)
+
+    def test_no_status_handling(self) -> None:
+        """Error statuses are the caller's problem; nothing raises here."""
+        resp = MagicMock(status_code=404)
+        with patch("requests.get", return_value=resp):
+            assert http_request("GET", "https://example.com/f", timeout=1) is resp
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py
index 04c712f0b7..b78a94a2e7 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_framework.py
@@ -1,19 +1,49 @@
 """Tests for esphome.components.nrf52.framework helpers."""
 
+import hashlib
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import sys
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
+import platformdirs
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.components.nrf52 import _resolve_toolchain
 from esphome.components.nrf52.framework import (
-    _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+    _PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS,
+    _REQUIREMENTS,
+    TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+    _get_penv_site_packages,
+    _get_platformio_penv_path,
     _get_toolchain_platform_info,
+    _needs_venv_rebuild,
     check_and_install,
+    get_build_env,
+    get_sdk_nrf_tools_path,
+    setup_platformio_python_env,
 )
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.config_validation import Version
-from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, Toolchain
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import get_python_env_executable_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _isolate_sdk_nrf_install_path(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Pin the sdk-nrf install root to a tmp dir for every test.
+
+    The default location is the OS user cache dir, so without this any test
+    that builds framework paths or pre-creates the install dir would touch
+    the real ``~/.cache/esphome`` on the developer's machine. Tests that need
+    to exercise the override or default-resolution logic clear/override the
+    env themselves.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", str(tmp_path / "sdk_nrf_install"))
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -52,10 +82,10 @@ _TEST_SDK_VERSION = "2.9.0"
 def nrf52_dirs(setup_core: Path) -> SimpleNamespace:
     """Populate CORE and pre-create SDK directories so sentinel.touch() succeeds."""
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION: Version.parse(_TEST_SDK_VERSION)}
-    tools = CORE.data_dir / "sdk-nrf"
+    tools = get_sdk_nrf_tools_path()
     python_env = tools / "penvs" / f"v{_TEST_SDK_VERSION}"
     framework = tools / "frameworks" / f"v{_TEST_SDK_VERSION}"
-    toolchain_dir = tools / "toolchains" / _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+    toolchain_dir = tools / "toolchains" / TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
     for d in (python_env, framework, toolchain_dir):
         d.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     zephyr_scripts = framework / "zephyr" / "scripts"
@@ -77,11 +107,13 @@ def mock_nrf52_ops():
         patch(
             "esphome.components.nrf52.framework.run_command_ok", return_value=True
         ) as mock_run_cmd,
+        # download_and_extract resolves its internals in framework_helpers,
+        # so the download/extract seams are patched there.
         patch(
-            "esphome.components.nrf52.framework.download_from_mirrors",
+            "esphome.framework_helpers.download_from_mirrors",
             return_value="https://example.com/tc.tar.xz",
         ) as mock_download,
-        patch("esphome.components.nrf52.framework.archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
     ):
         yield SimpleNamespace(
             rmdir=mock_rmdir,
@@ -97,6 +129,21 @@ def mock_nrf52_ops():
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+def _touch_penv_python(penv: Path) -> None:
+    """Create the interpreter file so the rebuild gate sees a live venv."""
+    python = get_python_env_executable_path(penv, "python")
+    python.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    python.touch()
+
+
+def _mark_venv_ready(python_env: Path) -> None:
+    """Write the venv sentinel with the current requirements hash and a
+    present interpreter so the rebuild gate passes."""
+    requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(_REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+    (python_env / ".ready").write_text(requirements_hash, encoding="utf-8")
+    _touch_penv_python(python_env)
+
+
 class TestCheckAndInstall:
     def test_all_installed_skips_all_steps(
         self,
@@ -104,7 +151,7 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
     ) -> None:
         """All three sentinels present → nothing downloaded or compiled."""
-        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").touch()
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
         (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".zephyr_reqs_ready").touch()
         (nrf52_dirs.framework / ".ready").touch()
         (nrf52_dirs.toolchain / ".ready").touch()
@@ -116,6 +163,23 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops.download_from_mirrors.assert_not_called()
         mock_nrf52_ops.archive_extract_all.assert_not_called()
 
+    def test_missing_interpreter_rebuilds_venv(
+        self,
+        nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A valid sentinel must not mask a missing interpreter (a cached venv
+        restored after a host interpreter upgrade)."""
+        requirements_hash = hashlib.sha256(_REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").write_text(
+            requirements_hash, encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        # no interpreter on disk
+
+        check_and_install()
+
+        mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_called_once()
+
     def test_fresh_install_runs_all_steps(
         self,
         nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace,
@@ -141,7 +205,7 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
     ) -> None:
         """Venv ready but framework missing → skip venv creation, run SDK init+update."""
-        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").touch()
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
 
         check_and_install()
 
@@ -157,7 +221,7 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
     ) -> None:
         """Venv and framework ready → only toolchain downloaded and extracted."""
-        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").touch()
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
         (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".zephyr_reqs_ready").touch()
         (nrf52_dirs.framework / ".ready").touch()
 
@@ -169,6 +233,24 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         assert mock_nrf52_ops.download_from_mirrors.call_count == 2
         assert mock_nrf52_ops.archive_extract_all.call_count == 2
 
+    def test_framework_clone_is_shallow(
+        self,
+        nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Both the manifest repository and every project are fetched at depth 1."""
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
+
+        check_and_install()
+
+        init_cmd, update_cmd = (
+            call.args[0] for call in mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.call_args_list[:2]
+        )
+        assert "init" in init_cmd
+        assert "-o=--depth=1" in init_cmd
+        assert "update" in update_cmd
+        assert "--fetch-opt=--depth=1" in update_cmd
+
     def test_requirements_install_failure_raises(
         self,
         nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace,
@@ -186,7 +268,7 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
     ) -> None:
         """Failing west init raises EsphomeError."""
-        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").touch()
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
         mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.return_value = False
 
         with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Can't initialize"):
@@ -198,7 +280,7 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
     ) -> None:
         """Failing west update raises EsphomeError."""
-        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").touch()
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
         # init succeeds, update fails
         mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.side_effect = [True, False]
 
@@ -211,7 +293,7 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
         mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
     ) -> None:
         """download_from_mirrors receives VERSION + platform triple from _get_toolchain_platform_info."""
-        (nrf52_dirs.python_env / ".ready").touch()
+        _mark_venv_ready(nrf52_dirs.python_env)
         (nrf52_dirs.framework / ".ready").touch()
 
         with patch(
@@ -222,7 +304,329 @@ class TestCheckAndInstall:
 
         args, _ = mock_nrf52_ops.download_from_mirrors.call_args
         substitutions = args[1]
-        assert substitutions["VERSION"] == _TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+        assert substitutions["VERSION"] == TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
         assert substitutions["sysname"] == "linux"
         assert substitutions["machine"] == "x86_64"
         assert substitutions["extension"] == "tar.xz"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# setup_platformio_python_env tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _platformio_requirements_hash() -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(
+        _REQUIREMENTS.read_bytes()
+        + "\n".join(_PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS).encode()
+        + f"python{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}".encode()
+    ).hexdigest()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def platformio_penv_dir() -> Path:
+    """Pre-create the PlatformIO penv dir so sentinel writes succeed.
+
+    create_venv is mocked in these tests, so the directory it would have
+    created must exist for ``sentinel.write_text`` to work.
+    """
+    penv_path = _get_platformio_penv_path()
+    penv_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    return penv_path
+
+
+class TestSetupPlatformioPythonEnv:
+    def test_fresh_install_creates_venv_and_sets_env(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """No sentinel → venv created, requirements installed, env exported."""
+        with patch.dict(os.environ):
+            os.environ.pop("PYTHONPATH", None)
+
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+            mock_nrf52_ops.rmdir.assert_called_once()
+            mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_called_once_with(
+                platformio_penv_dir, msg="PlatformIO toolchain"
+            )
+            mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.assert_called_once()
+            cmd = mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.call_args[0][0]
+            assert cmd[1:4] == ["-m", "pip", "install"]
+            assert "-r" in cmd
+            assert str(_REQUIREMENTS) in cmd
+            for requirement in _PLATFORMIO_PENV_REQUIREMENTS:
+                assert requirement in cmd
+            sentinel = platformio_penv_dir / ".ready"
+            assert sentinel.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == (
+                _platformio_requirements_hash()
+            )
+
+            assert os.environ["VIRTUAL_ENV"] == str(platformio_penv_dir)
+            site_packages = str(_get_penv_site_packages(platformio_penv_dir))
+            assert os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] == site_packages
+            bin_dir = str(
+                get_python_env_executable_path(platformio_penv_dir, "python").parent
+            )
+            assert os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep)[0] == bin_dir
+
+    def test_ready_sentinel_skips_install_but_sets_env(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Current sentinel → no install work, env vars still exported."""
+        (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
+            _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        _touch_penv_python(platformio_penv_dir)
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+            mock_nrf52_ops.rmdir.assert_not_called()
+            mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_not_called()
+            mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.assert_not_called()
+            assert os.environ["VIRTUAL_ENV"] == str(platformio_penv_dir)
+
+    def test_stale_sentinel_reinstalls(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A sentinel from different requirements → venv rebuilt from scratch."""
+        sentinel = platformio_penv_dir / ".ready"
+        sentinel.write_text("stale-hash", encoding="utf-8")
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+        mock_nrf52_ops.rmdir.assert_called_once()
+        mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_called_once()
+        mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.assert_called_once()
+        assert sentinel.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == _platformio_requirements_hash()
+
+    def test_install_failure_raises(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Failing pip install raises EsphomeError and writes no sentinel."""
+        mock_nrf52_ops.run_command_ok.return_value = False
+
+        with (
+            patch.dict(os.environ),
+            pytest.raises(
+                EsphomeError, match="Install requirements for PlatformIO toolchain"
+            ),
+        ):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+        assert not (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").exists()
+
+    def test_missing_interpreter_reinstalls(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A valid sentinel must not mask a missing interpreter."""
+        (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
+            _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        # no interpreter on disk
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+        mock_nrf52_ops.create_venv.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_repeated_calls_do_not_duplicate_env_entries(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Compile then upload in one process must not grow PYTHONPATH/PATH."""
+        (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
+            _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        _touch_penv_python(platformio_penv_dir)
+        site_packages = str(_get_penv_site_packages(platformio_penv_dir))
+        bin_dir = str(
+            get_python_env_executable_path(platformio_penv_dir, "python").parent
+        )
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+            assert os.environ["PYTHONPATH"].split(os.pathsep).count(site_packages) == 1
+            assert os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep).count(bin_dir) == 1
+
+    def test_existing_pythonpath_preserved(
+        self,
+        platformio_penv_dir: Path,
+        mock_nrf52_ops: SimpleNamespace,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A pre-existing PYTHONPATH keeps its entries after the venv entry."""
+        (platformio_penv_dir / ".ready").write_text(
+            _platformio_requirements_hash(), encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        _touch_penv_python(platformio_penv_dir)
+        site_packages = str(_get_penv_site_packages(platformio_penv_dir))
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PYTHONPATH": "/existing/path"}):
+            setup_platformio_python_env()
+
+            assert os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] == os.pathsep.join(
+                [site_packages, "/existing/path"]
+            )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("os_name", "expected_parts"),
+    [
+        (
+            "posix",
+            (
+                "lib",
+                f"python{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+                "site-packages",
+            ),
+        ),
+        ("nt", ("Lib", "site-packages")),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_penv_site_packages(
+    tmp_path: Path, os_name: str, expected_parts: tuple[str, ...]
+) -> None:
+    penv_path = tmp_path / "penv"
+    with patch("os.name", os_name):
+        assert _get_penv_site_packages(penv_path) == penv_path.joinpath(*expected_parts)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_build_env tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_get_build_env(
+    nrf52_dirs: SimpleNamespace, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """get_build_env exposes ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR pointing at the toolchain root.
+
+    ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR is the variable Zephyr's FindZephyr-sdk.cmake
+    explicitly consumes (from the environment) and uses as a find_package
+    HINT. The old Zephyr-sdk_DIR environment hint proved unreliable in
+    containerized non-root builds and was removed.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SOME_PREEXISTING_VAR", "kept")
+
+    env = get_build_env()
+
+    tools = get_sdk_nrf_tools_path()
+    venv_bin_dir = get_python_env_executable_path(
+        tools / "penvs" / f"v{_TEST_SDK_VERSION}", "python"
+    ).parent
+    assert env["PATH"].startswith(str(venv_bin_dir) + os.pathsep)
+    assert env["ZEPHYR_BASE"] == str(
+        tools / "frameworks" / f"v{_TEST_SDK_VERSION}" / "zephyr"
+    )
+    # Toolchain root, not the cmake/ subdir
+    assert env["ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR"] == str(
+        tools / "toolchains" / TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+    )
+    assert "Zephyr-sdk_DIR" not in env
+    # The rest of the process environment is inherited
+    assert env["SOME_PREEXISTING_VAR"] == "kept"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_sdk_nrf_tools_path tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def testget_tools_path_env_override(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    override = tmp_path / "custom" / "sdk-nrf"
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", str(override))
+    assert get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() == override.resolve()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["", "   "])
+def testget_tools_path_blank_env_falls_back_to_default(
+    value: str, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A blank ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX is treated as unset, not as CWD.
+
+    Path("") would resolve to the working directory, which clean-all could
+    then delete by accident.
+    """
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", value)
+    expected = (
+        Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "sdk-nrf"
+    ).resolve()
+    assert get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() == expected
+
+
+def testget_tools_path_default_is_global_cache(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", raising=False)
+    expected = (
+        Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / "sdk-nrf"
+    ).resolve()
+    assert get_sdk_nrf_tools_path() == expected
+
+
+def test_needs_venv_rebuild_gates(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The shared penv gate rebuilds on any missing or stale piece."""
+    penv = tmp_path / "penv"
+    penv.mkdir()
+    python = penv / "python"
+    sentinel = penv / ".ready"
+    good_hash = "abc123"
+
+    # Nothing in place yet
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, good_hash)
+
+    python.write_text("")
+    # Interpreter present but no sentinel
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, good_hash)
+
+    sentinel.write_text(good_hash, encoding="utf-8")
+    # Everything in place
+    assert not _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, good_hash)
+
+    # Stale requirements hash
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, "otherhash")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == "win32", reason="symlink creation needs privileges on Windows"
+)
+def test_needs_venv_rebuild_on_dangling_interpreter_symlink(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A cached venv restored after a host interpreter upgrade has a
+    bin/python symlink whose target is gone; the valid sentinel must not
+    mask it."""
+    penv = tmp_path / "penv"
+    penv.mkdir()
+    python = penv / "python"
+    sentinel = penv / ".ready"
+    sentinel.write_text("abc123", encoding="utf-8")
+    python.symlink_to(tmp_path / "hostedtoolcache" / "3.12.14" / "python3")
+    assert python.is_symlink()
+    assert not python.exists()
+
+    assert _needs_venv_rebuild(python, sentinel, "abc123")
+
+
+def test_resolve_toolchain_rejects_unsupported() -> None:
+    """A --toolchain nRF52 cannot serve fails instead of degrading silently."""
+
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Unsupported toolchain 'arduino'"):
+        _resolve_toolchain({})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_upload.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_upload.py
index a60e23a337..9091b429f6 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_upload.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_nrf52_upload.py
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ from esphome.components.zephyr.const import (
     KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES,
     KEY_KCONFIG,
     KEY_OVERLAY,
+    KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER,
     KEY_PM_STATIC,
     KEY_PRJ_CONF,
-    KEY_USER,
     KEY_ZEPHYR,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ def _setup_nrf52_core(
         KEY_BOOTLOADER: bootloader,
         KEY_PRJ_CONF: {},
         KEY_OVERLAY: {"": ""},
+        KEY_OVERLAY_BUILDER: [],
         KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES: {},
         KEY_PM_STATIC: [],
-        KEY_USER: {},
         KEY_KCONFIG: "",
     }
 
@@ -146,6 +146,72 @@ class TestUploadProgramPyocd:
             upload_program(config={}, args=None, host="PYOCD")
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# PlatformIO toolchain paths
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestRunCompilePlatformio:
+    def test_prepares_python_env_and_delegates_to_platformio(
+        self, setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """The PlatformIO toolchain prepares the env, then returns False so PlatformIO builds."""
+        from esphome.components.nrf52 import run_compile
+
+        _setup_nrf52_core(toolchain=Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, build_path=tmp_path / "build")
+
+        with patch(
+            "esphome.components.nrf52.setup_platformio_python_env"
+        ) as mock_setup:
+            assert run_compile(args=None, config={}) is False
+
+        mock_setup.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+class TestUploadProgramSerialPlatformio:
+    def _upload(self, host: str, tmp_path: Path, run_result: int) -> tuple:
+        from esphome.components.nrf52 import upload_program
+        from esphome.upload_targets import PortType
+
+        _setup_nrf52_core(toolchain=Toolchain.PLATFORMIO, build_path=tmp_path / "build")
+        CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+        with (
+            patch("esphome.upload_targets.get_port_type", return_value=PortType.SERIAL),
+            patch("esphome.__main__.check_permissions"),
+            patch("esphome.components.nrf52.setup_platformio_python_env") as mock_setup,
+            patch(
+                "esphome.platformio.toolchain.run_platformio_cli_run",
+                return_value=run_result,
+            ) as mock_run,
+        ):
+            result = upload_program(config={}, args=None, host=host)
+        return result, mock_setup, mock_run
+
+    def test_serial_upload_prepares_env_and_runs_platformio(
+        self, setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """Serial upload with the PlatformIO toolchain runs pio with -t upload."""
+        host = "/dev/ttyACM0"
+        result, mock_setup, mock_run = self._upload(host, tmp_path, run_result=0)
+
+        assert result is True
+        mock_setup.assert_called_once_with()
+        mock_run.assert_called_once()
+        run_args = mock_run.call_args[0]
+        assert "-t" in run_args
+        assert "upload" in run_args
+        assert "--upload-port" in run_args
+        assert host in run_args
+
+    def test_serial_upload_failure_raises(
+        self, setup_core: Path, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """A non-zero PlatformIO result must raise EsphomeError."""
+        with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Upload failed"):
+            self._upload("/dev/ttyACM0", tmp_path, run_result=1)
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Serial DFU upload path
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platform_hooks.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platform_hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97b25e7c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platform_hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""Guard the platform CLI-hook registry in ``esphome.platform_hooks``.
+
+The registry lets the logs/upload fast path skip importing platform
+packages that don't provide a hook; these tests fail when a platform
+gains or loses a hook without the registry being updated, and pin down
+that the fast path really avoids the import.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+import logging
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import platform_hooks
+from esphome.const import PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_ESP32, Platform
+
+
+def test_no_unregistered_platform_exposes_a_hook() -> None:
+    """Every platform hook the packages expose must be registered.
+
+    Behavioural on purpose: a hook added as a re-export, an assignment,
+    or an ``async def`` is invisible to source scanning but very visible
+    to ``hasattr``, and an unregistered hook is silently never called.
+    The registered direction is covered by
+    test_every_registered_pair_resolves below.
+    """
+    for platform in frozenset(Platform):
+        module = importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}")
+        for hook, registered in platform_hooks.PLATFORM_HOOKS.items():
+            if hasattr(module, hook):
+                assert platform in registered, (
+                    f"{platform} exposes {hook} but is not registered for it. "
+                    "Update esphome/platform_hooks.py."
+                )
+
+
+def test_registered_platform_resolves_hook() -> None:
+    hook = platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(PLATFORM_ESP32, "process_stacktrace")
+    from esphome.components import esp32
+
+    assert hook is esp32.process_stacktrace
+
+
+def test_every_registered_pair_resolves() -> None:
+    """Each registered platform must actually expose the hook at runtime.
+
+    Text scanning can miss re-exports or decorated definitions; this is
+    the behavioural check for the direction that matters when the CLI
+    runs.
+    """
+    for hook, platforms in platform_hooks.PLATFORM_HOOKS.items():
+        for platform in platforms:
+            assert callable(platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(platform, hook)), (
+                f"{platform} is registered for {hook} but does not expose it"
+            )
+
+
+def test_external_platform_falls_back_to_probe(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Out-of-tree target platforms keep working via the dynamic probe."""
+    module = type("FakePlatform", (), {"show_logs": staticmethod(lambda *a: True)})
+    imported: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_import(name: str):
+        imported.append(name)
+        return module
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_hooks, "import_module", fake_import)
+    hook = platform_hooks.get_platform_hook("my_external_chip", "show_logs")
+    assert hook is module.show_logs
+    assert imported == ["esphome.components.my_external_chip"]
+
+
+def test_external_platform_missing_module_degrades(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A warm-cache run may not have the external package importable.
+
+    Skipping a behavior-changing hook is visible at warning; losing
+    stacktrace decoding is cosmetic and stays at debug.
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        platform_hooks,
+        "import_module",
+        Mock(
+            side_effect=ModuleNotFoundError(
+                "not found", name="esphome.components.my_external_chip"
+            )
+        ),
+    )
+    assert platform_hooks.get_platform_hook("my_external_chip", "show_logs") is None
+    assert "not importable" in caplog.text
+    assert any(r.levelname == "WARNING" for r in caplog.records)
+
+    caplog.clear()
+    assert (
+        platform_hooks.get_platform_hook("my_external_chip", "process_stacktrace")
+        is None
+    )
+    assert not any(r.levelname == "WARNING" for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_external_platform_without_hook_logs_debug(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The common no-hook case stays quiet but diagnosable."""
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.platform_hooks")
+    module = type("ExternalPlatform", (), {})  # imports fine, no hook
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_hooks, "import_module", Mock(return_value=module))
+    assert platform_hooks.get_platform_hook("my_external_chip", "show_logs") is None
+    assert "does not expose" in caplog.text
+    assert not any(r.levelname == "WARNING" for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_stale_registry_entry_warns(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A vendored tree where a registered hook vanished must say so."""
+    module = type("StalePlatform", (), {})  # registered but no hook
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_hooks, "import_module", Mock(return_value=module))
+    assert platform_hooks.get_platform_hook("nrf52", "show_logs") is None
+    assert "no longer exposes it" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_external_platform_broken_dependency_raises(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A missing dependency inside the external package must surface."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        platform_hooks,
+        "import_module",
+        Mock(side_effect=ModuleNotFoundError("not found", name="some_missing_dep")),
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ModuleNotFoundError, match="not found"):
+        platform_hooks.get_platform_hook("my_external_chip", "show_logs")
+
+
+def test_lookup_miss_does_not_import_platform_package(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The whole point: probing a platform without hooks must not import it."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        platform_hooks,
+        "import_module",
+        Mock(side_effect=AssertionError("platform package imported on registry miss")),
+    )
+    assert platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(PLATFORM_ESP32, "show_logs") is None
+
+
+def test_get_stacktrace_handler_resolves_registered_platform() -> None:
+    hook = platform_hooks.get_stacktrace_handler(PLATFORM_ESP32)
+    from esphome.components import esp32
+
+    assert hook is esp32.process_stacktrace
+
+
+def test_get_stacktrace_handler_reports_missing_analyzer(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks")
+    assert platform_hooks.get_stacktrace_handler(PLATFORM_BK72XX) is None
+    assert "no compatible analyzer" in caplog.text
+    # A capability gap is ordinary; it must not warn.
+    assert not any(r.levelno >= logging.WARNING for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_get_stacktrace_handler_reports_import_failure(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        platform_hooks,
+        "import_module",
+        Mock(side_effect=ImportError("broken install")),
+    )
+    assert platform_hooks.get_stacktrace_handler(PLATFORM_ESP32) is None
+    assert "failed to import: broken install" in caplog.text
+    # A broken install is a real breakage; it must warn, not inform.
+    assert any(r.levelno == logging.WARNING for r in caplog.records)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_extra_script.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_extra_script.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07f0e78500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_extra_script.py
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+"""Tests for the shared extraScript machinery (platformio.extra_script)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.platformio.extra_script import (
+    CppDefine,
+    ExtraScriptResult,
+    _FakeSConsEnv,
+    apply_extra_script,
+    captured_as_build_flags,
+    run_extra_script,
+)
+from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
+    ConvertedLibrary as IDFComponent,
+    URLSource,
+    lex_build_flags,
+)
+
+
+def test_extra_script_captures_libpath_libs_and_defines(tmp_path):
+
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
+    script = tmp_path / "extra_script.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "Import('env')\n"
+        "mcu = env.get('BOARD_MCU')\n"
+        "env.Append(\n"
+        "    LIBPATH=[join('src', mcu)],\n"
+        "    LIBS=['algobsec'],\n"
+        "    CPPDEFINES=['FOO', ('BAR', '1')],\n"
+        "    LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,--gc-sections'],\n"
+        ")\n"
+    )
+    # The script uses bare ``join`` (PIO's extra-scripts run inside SCons
+    # where this is in scope). Inject it via the script header so the
+    # shim's exec namespace can resolve it.
+    script.write_text("from os.path import join\n" + script.read_text())
+
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+
+    assert result.libpath == [str(Path("src") / "esp32")]
+    assert result.libs == ["algobsec"]
+    assert CppDefine("BAR", "1") in result.cppdefines
+    assert CppDefine("FOO") in result.cppdefines
+    assert result.linkflags == ["-Wl,--gc-sections"]
+
+    # Lex like the consumer does: quoting makes raw strings platform-varying
+    tokens = lex_build_flags(
+        captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path), "test"
+    )
+    sep = os.sep
+    assert f"-Lsrc{sep}esp32" in tokens
+    assert "-lalgobsec" in tokens
+    assert "-DFOO" in tokens
+    assert "-DBAR=1" in tokens
+    # LINKFLAGS travel via the link-flags channel, never the compile flags
+    assert "-Wl,--gc-sections" not in tokens
+
+
+def test_extra_script_libpath_relative_resolves_against_library_dir(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch
+):
+    """Relative LIBPATH entries must resolve against ``library_dir``, not the
+    caller's CWD (the shim restores CWD before ``captured_as_build_flags``
+    runs)."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "lib" / "esp32").mkdir(parents=True)
+    elsewhere = tmp_path.parent / "not_the_library_dir"
+    elsewhere.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    monkeypatch.chdir(elsewhere)
+
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=["lib/esp32"])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+
+    sep = os.sep
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [f"-Llib{sep}esp32"]
+
+
+def test_extra_script_libpath_absolute_outside_library_dir(tmp_path):
+
+    outside = tmp_path.parent / "system_lib"
+    outside.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(libpath=[str(outside)])
+
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [f"-L{outside.resolve()}"]
+
+
+def test_extra_script_failure_returns_empty_result(tmp_path, caplog):
+
+    script = tmp_path / "broken.py"
+    script.write_text("raise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
+
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        result = run_extra_script(
+            script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+        )
+
+    assert result.libpath == []
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "broken.py" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_path_traversal_is_rejected(tmp_path):
+
+    library_dir = tmp_path / "lib"
+    library_dir.mkdir()
+    outside = tmp_path / "evil.py"
+    outside.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['pwned'])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = library_dir
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "../evil.py"}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="escapes the library directory"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp32", pio_platform="espressif32")
+    # Nothing was folded into flags: the traversal was rejected before
+    # the script could run.
+    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_merges_into_existing_flags(tmp_path):
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": ["-DEXISTING"]}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp32", pio_platform="espressif32")
+
+    assert "-DEXISTING" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
+    assert "-lalgobsec" in c.data["build"]["flags"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_malformed_flags_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A null/dict build.flags fails naming the library instead of injecting
+    a non-string into the compiler command line."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": None}}
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="malformed build.flags"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp32", pio_platform="espressif32")
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_callable_target_and_str_flags(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The shared helper resolves the board_mcu callable lazily and normalizes
+    a string ``build.flags`` value into a list before extending it."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env.get('BOARD_MCU')])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py", "flags": "-DBASE=1"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-DBASE=1", "-lesp8266"]
+
+
+def test_captured_nonstring_buckets_warn_and_skip(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """Non-string LIBS/LINKFLAGS/CPPFLAGS/LIBPATH entries (legal SCons
+    nodes) are skipped by name instead of stringified into garbage flags."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "env.Append(LIBS=['m', 42], LINKFLAGS=['-Wl,-x', {'no': 1}], "
+        "CPPFLAGS=['-Os', 3.5], LIBPATH=['libs', 7])\n"
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "libs").mkdir()
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    flags = c.data["build"]["flags"]
+    assert "-lm" in flags and "-Os" in flags
+    assert c.data[ESPHOME_DATA_KEY][ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY] == ["-Wl,-x"]
+    assert not any("42" in f or "no" in f or "3.5" in f for f in flags)
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported LIBS entry 42" in caplog.text
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported LINKFLAGS entry {'no': 1}" in caplog.text
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported LIBPATH entry 7" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_captured_dict_cppdefines_warn_and_skip(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A dict CPPDEFINES entry (legal SCons) must warn and skip; formatting
+    it blind would hand the compiler -D{'FOO': '1'} garbage."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "env.Append(CPPDEFINES=[{'FOO': '1'}, ('BAR', 2), ['BAZ', 3], 'PLAIN'])\n"
+    )
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-DBAR=2", "-DBAZ=3", "-DPLAIN"]
+    assert "Ignoring unsupported CPPDEFINES entry" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_subscript_env_read(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Scripts also read env["BOARD_MCU"]; the subscript form must work or
+    the broad handler discards every flag the script captured."""
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env['BOARD_MCU']])\n")
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lesp8266"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_no_script_and_no_flags(tmp_path) -> None:
+
+    # No extraScript declared: nothing happens, the target is never resolved
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {}}
+    apply_extra_script(
+        c,
+        board_mcu=lambda: pytest.fail("target resolved without a script"),
+        pio_platform="espressif8266",
+    )
+
+    # A script that captures nothing leaves the flags untouched
+    script = tmp_path / "noop.py"
+    script.write_text("pass\n")
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "noop.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_ignores_uncaptured_env_calls(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """Un-captured env vars and unsupported env methods are skipped but
+    diagnosable from the build log."""
+
+    caplog.set_level(logging.DEBUG)
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text(
+        "env.Replace(CC='clang')\nenv.Append(UNCAPTURED=['x'], LIBS='single')\n"
+    )
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lsingle"]
+    assert "env.Append(UNCAPTURED=...) is not captured" in caplog.text
+    assert "env.Replace is not supported" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_swallows_script_errors(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A raising extra-script is best-effort: logged and skipped."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("raise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert "flags" not in c.data["build"]
+    assert "ignoring its output" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_pio_platform(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """The backend's platform token is exposed to the script as PIOPLATFORM."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=[env.get('PIOPLATFORM')])\n")
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "extra.py"}}
+    apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+    assert c.data["build"]["flags"] == ["-lespressif8266"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_missing_script_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A declared but absent extraScript is a broken package and fails by
+    name, as it would under PlatformIO."""
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": "nope.py"}}
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="nope.py of library owner/name not found"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bad", (["a.py"], {"esp32": "a.py"}), ids=("list", "dict"))
+def test_apply_extra_script_non_string_raises(tmp_path, bad) -> None:
+    """A non-string extraScript fails naming the library, not with a TypeError."""
+
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": bad}}
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="of library owner/name must be a string"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+
+def test_extra_script_cpppath_captured_as_include_flags(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """CPPPATH entries translate to -I flags anchored like LIBPATH."""
+
+    (tmp_path / "include").mkdir()
+    outside = tmp_path.parent / "system_inc"
+    outside.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    elsewhere = tmp_path.parent / "not_the_library_dir"
+    elsewhere.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    monkeypatch.chdir(elsewhere)
+
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(cpppath=["include", str(outside), 7])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == ["-Iinclude", f"-I{outside.resolve()}"]
+
+
+def test_extra_script_spaced_paths_survive_relexing(tmp_path):
+    """-I/-L paths with spaces round-trip through lex_build_flags as one token."""
+    (tmp_path / "my libs").mkdir()
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(cpppath=["my libs"], libpath=["my libs"])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == ["-Imy libs", "-Lmy libs"]
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_failure_discards_partial_capture(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A crashed script yields an empty result: half-applied flags could
+    build wrong-output firmware that links cleanly."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("env.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\nraise RuntimeError('boom')\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "ignoring its output" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_syntax_error_is_best_effort(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A vendored script that does not even compile warns and skips instead
+    of aborting the build."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("def broken(:\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "ignoring its output" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_unsupported_env_method_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """Repeated calls to the same unsupported method warn only once."""
+
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Replace(CC="clang")
+    env.Replace(CC="gcc")
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.Replace is not supported") == 1
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_sys_exit_is_best_effort(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """A nonzero sys.exit() in a vendored script must not kill the esphome
+    run, and its output is discarded."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("import sys\nenv.Append(LIBS=['x'])\nsys.exit(3)\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "exited with status 3" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_sys_exit_zero_is_success(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """sys.exit(0) is a normal PlatformIO script ending: the capture is kept."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("import sys\nenv.Append(LIBS=['algobsec'])\nsys.exit(0)\n")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == ["algobsec"]
+    assert "ignoring its output" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_unreadable_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """An unreadable declared script is a broken package, like a missing one."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_text("")
+    with (
+        patch("pathlib.Path.read_text", side_effect=OSError("denied")),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="is unreadable"),
+    ):
+        run_extra_script(
+            script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+        )
+
+
+def test_run_extra_script_bad_encoding_is_best_effort(tmp_path, caplog) -> None:
+    """Undecodable content warns and skips, like a SyntaxError."""
+
+    script = tmp_path / "extra.py"
+    script.write_bytes(b"\xff\xfe\x00bad")
+    result = run_extra_script(
+        script, library_dir=tmp_path, board_mcu="esp32", pio_platform="espressif32"
+    )
+    assert result.libs == []
+    assert "is not UTF-8" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("Prepend", "AppendUnique", "PrependUnique"))
+def test_append_variants_capture_like_append(method: str) -> None:
+    """Prepend/AppendUnique/PrependUnique write the captured keys too."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    getattr(env, method)(LIBS=["algobsec"], LIBPATH=["lib"])
+    assert env.result.libs == ["algobsec"]
+    assert env.result.libpath == ["lib"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("Prepend", "PrependUnique"))
+def test_prepend_inserts_ahead_of_existing(method: str) -> None:
+    """Prepend keeps SCons order: new values land ahead of what is already
+    captured (scripts prepend LIBS for static-link symbol resolution)."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Append(LIBS=["m"])
+    getattr(env, method)(LIBS=["algobsec", "bsec"])
+    assert env.result.libs == ["algobsec", "bsec", "m"]
+
+
+def test_env_membership_and_iteration(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Membership tests and for-loops must use the mapping protocol; the
+    legacy sequence fallback through __getitem__ would loop forever."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert "BOARD_MCU" in env
+    assert "NOPE" not in env
+    assert sorted(env) == ["BOARD_MCU", "PIOENV", "PIOPLATFORM"]
+
+
+def test_apply_extra_script_non_string_falsey_raises(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A falsey non-string extraScript (false, 0, []) is a malformed
+    manifest, not an absent script."""
+    c = IDFComponent("owner/name", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = tmp_path
+    c.data = {"build": {"extraScript": False}}
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="must be a string"):
+        apply_extra_script(c, board_mcu=lambda: "esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266")
+
+
+def test_env_get_unknown_key_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """A script branching on an unmodelled env var is diagnosable."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert env.get("BOARD") is None
+    assert env.get("BOARD", "d1") == "d1"
+    assert env.get("BOARD_MCU") == "esp8266"
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.get('BOARD') is not modelled") == 1
+    assert "BOARD_MCU" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_spaced_cppflag_survives_relexing(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A captured argv token with a space stays one token after lexing."""
+    result = ExtraScriptResult(
+        cppflags=["-include my hdr.h"],
+        cppdefines=[CppDefine("MSG", '"hello world"'), CppDefine("PLAIN")],
+    )
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [
+        '-DMSG="hello world"',
+        "-DPLAIN",
+        "-include my hdr.h",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_env_attribute_access_warns_without_call(caplog) -> None:
+    """hasattr()/truthiness on an unsupported method is diagnosable; dunder
+    protocol probes stay silent."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert env.GetProjectOption
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.GetProjectOption is not supported") == 1
+    assert not hasattr(env, "__deepcopy__")
+    assert "__deepcopy__" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_env_unmodelled_subscript_degrades_one_branch(caplog) -> None:
+    """env[...] on an unmodelled var returns '' instead of KeyError
+    discarding the whole capture."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    assert env["PIOFRAMEWORK"] == ""
+    assert env["PIOFRAMEWORK"] == ""
+    assert caplog.text.count("env['PIOFRAMEWORK'] is not modelled") == 1
+    assert env["BOARD_MCU"] == "esp8266"
+    env.Append(LIBS=["still_captured"])
+    assert env.result.libs == ["still_captured"]
+
+
+def test_cppdefines_scons_spellings(tmp_path) -> None:
+    """A bare 2-tuple is one name=value pair, a dict maps names to values,
+    and a None value is a bare define (SCons processDefines)."""
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES=("FOO", "1"))
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES={"BAR": "2", "BAZ": None})
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES=["PLAIN"])
+    flags = captured_as_build_flags(env.result, library_dir=tmp_path)
+    assert lex_build_flags(flags, "test") == [
+        "-DFOO=1",
+        "-DBAR=2",
+        "-DBAZ",
+        "-DPLAIN",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_uncaptured_append_key_warns_once(caplog) -> None:
+    """A loop of Appends to the same uncaptured key warns once."""
+
+    env = _FakeSConsEnv(
+        board_mcu="esp8266", pio_env="esphome_esp8266", pio_platform="espressif8266"
+    )
+    env.Append(RANLIBFLAGS=["a"])
+    env.Append(RANLIBFLAGS=["b"])
+    assert caplog.text.count("env.Append(RANLIBFLAGS=...) is not captured") == 1
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py
index 55bc396c25..0c873dc3fe 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_library.py
@@ -10,23 +10,29 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.core import Library
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Library
 import esphome.platformio.library as lib
 from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX,
     ConvertedLibrary,
     GitSource,
     InvalidLibrary,
     LibraryBackend,
+    LocalSource,
     Source,
     URLSource,
     _resolve_registry_version,
     check_library_data,
     convert_libraries,
+    join_flag_args,
+    split_flag_entry,
 )
 
 
 def _backend(emit=lambda component: None) -> LibraryBackend:
-    return LibraryBackend(platform="espressif32", framework="espidf", emit=emit)
+    return LibraryBackend(
+        platform="espressif32", framework="espidf", emit=emit, cache_key="idf"
+    )
 
 
 def test_check_library_data_accepts_wildcards():
@@ -85,17 +91,79 @@ def test_gitsource_str_includes_ref_when_present():
     assert str(GitSource("http://git/repo.git", None)) == "http://git/repo.git"
 
 
-def test_urlsource_download_extracts_then_reuses_marker(setup_core, monkeypatch):
+def test_source_root_defaults_to_build_dir() -> None:
+    # Registry/git sources are read from where they were downloaded.
+    build = Path("/some/build/dir")
+    assert URLSource("http://x/y.tar.gz").source_root(build) == build
+    assert GitSource("http://x/y.git", None).source_root(build) == build
+
+
+def test_converted_library_source_dir_defaults_to_path() -> None:
+    c = ConvertedLibrary("x", "1.0", source=None)
+    c.path = Path("/build")
+    assert c.source_dir == Path("/build")  # no source_path set -> build dir
+    c.source_path = Path("/user/lib")
+    assert c.source_dir == Path("/user/lib")
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_local_missing_manifest_is_esphome_error(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    # A local directory that has no library.json/library.properties is user
+    # input, so it must surface as a clean EsphomeError (named at the user's dir).
+    src = setup_core / "not_a_lib"
+    src.mkdir()  # exists, but no manifest
+    # match= is a regex; a Windows path has backslashes, so match a literal
+    # fragment and check the directory is named separately.
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="missing library.json") as excinfo:
+        convert_libraries([Library("Foo", None, src.as_uri())], _backend())
+    assert str(src) in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+def test_localsource_download_missing_dir_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    # EsphomeError so the CLI prints it cleanly instead of a traceback.
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="does not exist"):
+        LocalSource(str(tmp_path / "nope")).download("mylib")
+
+
+def test_localsource_str() -> None:
+    assert str(LocalSource("/tmp/lib")) == "file:///tmp/lib"
+    # A relative path can't form a file:// URI; fall back rather than raise.
+    assert str(LocalSource("rel/lib")) == "file://rel/lib"
+
+
+def test_localsource_download_returns_empty_build_dir(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    # Nothing is copied: download() returns an empty build dir (for generated
+    # files), and source_root() points back at the user's directory.
+    src = setup_core / "lib_dev"
+    (src / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (src / "library.json").write_text("{}")
+    (src / "src" / "a.cpp").write_text("int a;")
+
+    source = LocalSource(str(src))
+    out = source.download("mylib", salt="s", namespace="ns")
+
+    assert out.is_dir()
+    assert list(out.iterdir()) == []  # no sources copied in
+    assert out != src
+    assert source.source_root(out) == src
+
+    # salt/namespace change the cache path.
+    plain = LocalSource(str(src)).download("mylib")
+    assert plain != out
+
+
+def test_urlsource_download_extracts_then_reuses_marker(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch, caplog
+):
     monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "rmdir", lambda path, msg="": None)
     dl_calls: list[list[str]] = []
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        lib, "download_from_mirrors", lambda urls, headers, f: dl_calls.append(urls)
-    )
 
-    def fake_extract(fileobj, path):
-        Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    def fake_download_and_extract(urls, subs, archive_path, extract_dir, **kwargs):
+        dl_calls.append(urls)
+        Path(extract_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "archive_extract_all", fake_extract)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "download_and_extract", fake_download_and_extract)
 
     src = URLSource("http://example.test/lib.tar.gz")
     out = src.download("mylib")
@@ -108,6 +176,31 @@ def test_urlsource_download_extracts_then_reuses_marker(setup_core, monkeypatch)
     assert out2 == out
     assert len(dl_calls) == 1
 
+    # A batch caller passes a tracker and owns the messaging; no per-file INFO
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    src.download("mylib-batch", progress=lambda done: None)
+    assert len(dl_calls) == 2
+    assert "Downloading" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_urlsource_downloads_to_sibling_archive_path(setup_core, monkeypatch):
+    """The archive downloads to a deterministic path next to the cache dir
+    (not a random temp file), so an interrupted download's .part file
+    resumes on the next run."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "rmdir", lambda path, msg="": None)
+    targets: list[Path] = []
+
+    def fake_download_and_extract(urls, subs, archive_path, extract_dir, **kwargs):
+        targets.append(Path(archive_path))
+        Path(extract_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "download_and_extract", fake_download_and_extract)
+
+    src = URLSource("http://example.test/lib.tar.gz")
+    out = src.download("mylib")
+
+    assert targets == [out.with_name(f"{out.name}.archive")]
+
 
 def test_resolve_registry_version_raises_without_pkg_file(monkeypatch):
     registry = lib._make_registry_client()
@@ -131,18 +224,8 @@ def test_resolve_registry_version_raises_without_pkg_file(monkeypatch):
         _resolve_registry_version("owner", "pkg", set())
 
 
-def _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, manifests, *, properties=()):
-    """Fake ConvertedLibrary.download to materialize canned manifests on disk."""
-
-    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt=""):
-        self.path = tmp_path / self.get_sanitized_name().replace("/", "__")
-        self.path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        if self.name in properties:
-            (self.path / "library.properties").write_text(manifests[self.name])
-        else:
-            (self.path / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifests[self.name]))
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(ConvertedLibrary, "download", fake_download)
+def _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Stub the registry lookup so tests never touch the network."""
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         lib,
         "_resolve_registry_version",
@@ -151,10 +234,58 @@ def _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, manifests, *, properti
             pkgname,
             "1.0.0",
             f"http://x/{pkgname}.tar.gz",
+            None,
         ),
     )
 
 
+def _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, manifests, *, properties=()):
+    """Fake ConvertedLibrary.download to materialize canned manifests on disk."""
+
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace=""):
+        self.path = tmp_path / self.get_require_name()
+        self.path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        if self.name in properties:
+            (self.path / "library.properties").write_text(manifests[self.name])
+        else:
+            (self.path / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifests[self.name]))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ConvertedLibrary, "download", fake_download)
+    _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch)
+
+
+def test_wave_requirement_growth_defers_the_superseded_download(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """A's manifest constrains B while B sits in the same wave: B's
+    drain-time resolution is superseded, so its download defers to the
+    next wave instead of fetching a version that is immediately replaced."""
+    download_names: list[str] = []
+    manifests = {
+        "esphome/A": {
+            "name": "A",
+            "build": {},
+            "dependencies": {"esphome/B": ">=1.0"},
+        },
+        "esphome/B": {"name": "B", "build": {}},
+    }
+
+    def fake_download(self, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None):
+        download_names.append(self.name)
+        self.path = tmp_path / self.get_require_name()
+        self.path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        (self.path / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifests[self.name]))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ConvertedLibrary, "download", fake_download)
+    # Hermetic: the stubbed registry reports no size, so no batch prefetch
+    _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch)
+    top = convert_libraries(
+        [Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None), Library("esphome/B", None, None)],
+        _backend(),
+    )
+    assert sorted(c.name for c in top) == ["esphome/A", "esphome/B"]
+    # B downloads exactly once, after its requirement set stabilized
+    assert download_names.count("esphome/B") == 1
+
+
 def test_convert_libraries_parses_library_properties(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     # A manifest provided as library.properties (Arduino style) instead of
     # library.json must still be parsed and converted.
@@ -210,6 +341,243 @@ def test_convert_libraries_handles_unparsable_dependency_version(tmp_path, monke
     assert [d.name for d in top[0].dependencies] == ["C"]
 
 
+def _patch_download_without_manifest(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, *, manifest_on_force: bool
+) -> list[bool]:
+    """Fake ConvertedLibrary.download that leaves the manifest missing.
+
+    When ``manifest_on_force`` is set, a forced re-download writes a valid
+    library.json, simulating a broken cache entry that heals on retry.
+    Returns the list of ``force`` values download was called with.
+    """
+    calls: list[bool] = []
+
+    def fake_download(
+        self: ConvertedLibrary,
+        force: bool = False,
+        salt: str = "",
+        namespace: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        calls.append(force)
+        self.path = tmp_path / self.get_require_name()
+        self.path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        if force and manifest_on_force:
+            (self.path / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps({"name": "A"}))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ConvertedLibrary, "download", fake_download)
+    _patch_registry_resolve(monkeypatch)
+    return calls
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_redownloads_when_manifest_missing(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    # A cached copy without any manifest (e.g. an interrupted clone or
+    # extraction) triggers exactly one forced re-download and then succeeds.
+    calls = _patch_download_without_manifest(
+        monkeypatch, tmp_path, manifest_on_force=True
+    )
+
+    top = convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
+
+    assert calls == [False, True]
+    assert top[0].data["name"] == "A"
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_raises_when_manifest_missing_after_retry(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    # If the forced re-download still yields no manifest, the error is raised
+    # after exactly one retry (no retry loop). The error must name the cache
+    # directory so users can find the broken entry instead of guessing where
+    # the library was unpacked.
+    calls = _patch_download_without_manifest(
+        monkeypatch, tmp_path, manifest_on_force=False
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Invalid PIO library") as excinfo:
+        convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
+
+    assert calls == [False, True]
+    assert str(tmp_path / "esphome__A") in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        (None, None),
+        ("", None),
+        ("http://[::1", None),  # malformed IPv6 makes urlsplit raise ValueError
+        ("foo/bar", None),
+        ("file:///no/host", None),
+        ("https://github.com/x/y", "https://github.com/x/y"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_url_or_none(value: str | None, expected: str | None) -> None:
+    assert lib._url_or_none(value) == expected
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_url_in_name_resolves_as_git(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    # add_library("https://github.com/x/y", None) puts a git URL in the name
+    # position; it must resolve as a git source and never hit the registry.
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch, tmp_path, {"pstolarz/OneWireNg": {"name": "OneWireNg"}}
+    )
+
+    def fail_registry(owner: str, pkgname: str, requirements: set[str]) -> None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"registry consulted for {owner}/{pkgname}")
+
+    # After the helper so this stub wins over the helper's benign one
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "_resolve_registry_version", fail_registry)
+
+    top = convert_libraries(
+        [Library("https://github.com/pstolarz/OneWireNg", None, None)], _backend()
+    )
+
+    assert [c.name for c in top] == ["pstolarz/OneWireNg"]
+    assert top[0].data["name"] == "OneWireNg"
+    source = top[0].source
+    assert isinstance(source, GitSource)
+    assert source.url == "https://github.com/pstolarz/OneWireNg"
+    assert source.ref is None
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_file_url_resolves_as_local(
+    setup_core: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    # A "Name=file://<dir>" library points at an on-disk folder: it resolves as a
+    # local source read in place (no copy), and the registry is never consulted.
+    src = setup_core / "lib_dev"
+    (src / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (src / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps({"name": "TeslaBLE"}))
+    (src / "src" / "tesla.cpp").write_text("int foo() { return 1; }")
+
+    def fail_registry(owner: str, pkgname: str, requirements: set[str]) -> None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"registry consulted for {owner}/{pkgname}")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "_resolve_registry_version", fail_registry)
+
+    # as_uri() produces a valid file:// URL on every platform (file:///tmp/... on
+    # POSIX, file:///C:/... on Windows).
+    top = convert_libraries([Library("TeslaBLE", None, src.as_uri())], _backend())
+
+    assert [c.name for c in top] == ["TeslaBLE"]
+    assert top[0].data["name"] == "TeslaBLE"
+    assert isinstance(top[0].source, LocalSource)
+    # Sources are read in place from the user's dir; the build dir stays separate
+    # and holds no copied sources.
+    assert top[0].source_path == src
+    assert top[0].path != src
+    assert not (top[0].path / "src").exists()
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_local_overrides_registry_version(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    # The same library requested both from the registry (with a version) and as
+    # a local directory resolves to the local source, with a warning that the
+    # registry version was dropped.
+    src = setup_core / "lib_dev"
+    (src / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (src / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps({"name": "TeslaBLE"}))
+
+    def fail_registry(owner: str, pkgname: str, requirements: set[str]) -> None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"registry consulted for {owner}/{pkgname}")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "_resolve_registry_version", fail_registry)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.platformio.library"):
+        top = convert_libraries(
+            [
+                Library("TeslaBLE", "1.0.0", None),
+                Library("TeslaBLE", None, src.as_uri()),
+            ],
+            _backend(),
+        )
+
+    assert isinstance(top[0].source, LocalSource)
+    assert "local source" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_versionless_registry_and_local_warns(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    # A bare cg.add_library("Foo") (versionless registry, the common case) that
+    # collides with a local directory of the same key must still warn -- the
+    # registry spec is dropped and the local folder silently takes over.
+    src = setup_core / "foo"
+    src.mkdir()
+    (src / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps({"name": "Foo"}))
+
+    def fail_registry(owner: str, pkgname: str, requirements: set[str]) -> None:
+        raise AssertionError(f"registry consulted for {owner}/{pkgname}")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(lib, "_resolve_registry_version", fail_registry)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.platformio.library"):
+        top = convert_libraries(
+            [Library("Foo", None, None), Library("Foo", None, src.as_uri())],
+            _backend(),
+        )
+
+    assert isinstance(top[0].source, LocalSource)
+    assert "a registry package" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_two_local_dirs_warns(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    # The same key pointed at two local directories warns and uses the last one.
+    dir_a = setup_core / "a"
+    dir_b = setup_core / "b"
+    for d in (dir_a, dir_b):
+        d.mkdir()
+        (d / "library.json").write_text(json.dumps({"name": "Foo"}))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.platformio.library"):
+        top = convert_libraries(
+            [
+                Library("Foo", None, dir_a.as_uri()),
+                Library("Foo", None, dir_b.as_uri()),
+            ],
+            _backend(),
+        )
+
+    assert isinstance(top[0].source, LocalSource)
+    assert top[0].source_path == dir_b  # the last one wins
+    assert "two local directories" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("local_first", [True, False])
+def test_convert_libraries_git_and_local_same_key_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    local_first: bool,
+) -> None:
+    # A key requested as both a git source and a local directory warns and uses
+    # git, whichever order they appear in. The git URL basename matches the local
+    # custom name so both map to the key "Foo".
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, {"Foo": {"name": "Foo"}})
+    git = Library("X", None, "https://host/Foo")
+    local = Library("Foo", None, "file:///abs/foo")
+    libs = [local, git] if local_first else [git, local]
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.platformio.library"):
+        top = convert_libraries(libs, _backend())
+
+    assert isinstance(top[0].source, GitSource)
+    assert "using the git source" in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_convert_libraries_skips_incompatible_dependency(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     # A dependency that declares an incompatible platform is skipped (the
     # top-level library still builds).
@@ -227,3 +595,360 @@ def test_convert_libraries_skips_incompatible_dependency(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     top = convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
 
     assert top[0].dependencies == []
+
+
+def test_split_flag_entry_unbalanced_quote_is_clean() -> None:
+    """A malformed flags entry raises EsphomeError, not a raw ValueError."""
+
+    assert split_flag_entry('-DX="a b"', "library x") == ["-DX=a b"]
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=r"Malformed build flag.*library x"):
+        split_flag_entry('-DX="unclosed', "library x")
+
+
+def test_join_flag_args_reglues_spaced_define() -> None:
+    """A spaced -D re-glues to its argument, as ParseFlags does."""
+
+    assert join_flag_args(["-D", "FOO=1", "-Os"], "x") == ["-DFOO=1", "-Os"]
+
+
+def test_join_flag_args_trailing_bare_flag_warns(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+
+    assert join_flag_args(["-Os", "-l"], "library x") == ["-Os"]
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-l'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_lex_build_flags_dangling_flag_does_not_cross_entries(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Each entry is lexed independently, as ParseFlags does: a dangling -I
+    ending one entry warns instead of absorbing the next entry's first token."""
+    from esphome.platformio.library import lex_build_flags
+
+    assert lex_build_flags(["-Wall -I", "-DFOO=1"], "lib x") == ["-Wall", "-DFOO=1"]
+    assert "Ignoring trailing '-I'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_downloads_registry_archives_in_parallel(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Registry archives in one wave download concurrently, deduped by URL;
+    git/local sources and failures are left to the sequential call."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_download(
+        self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None
+    ):
+        calls.append(self.url)
+        if progress is not None:
+            progress(0)
+        if "boom" in self.url:
+            raise RuntimeError("boom")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(URLSource, "download", fake_download)
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+        # Duplicate URL must prefetch once (two threads must never extract
+        # into the same cache directory)
+        ("b2", ConvertedLibrary("b2", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("c", ConvertedLibrary("c", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/boom.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("g", ConvertedLibrary("g", "*", lib.GitSource("https://x/g.git", None))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == [
+        "https://x/a.tar.gz",
+        "https://x/b.tar.gz",
+        "https://x/boom.tar.gz",
+    ]
+    # The failure surfaces at default verbosity, after the bar
+    assert "Prefetch of c failed (retrying sequentially)" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_unknown_size_left_to_sequential(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """Archives without a registry-reported size skip the batch (their
+    sequential per-file bars don't interleave); the known subset still
+    prefetches."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None: (
+            calls.append(self.url)
+        ),
+    )
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("u", ConvertedLibrary("u", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/u.tar.gz"))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == ["https://x/a.tar.gz", "https://x/b.tar.gz"]
+
+
+def test_join_flag_args_empty_argument_warns_and_drops(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An empty glued argument is dropped: a bare -D would eat the next flag."""
+    assert lib.lex_build_flags('-D "" -DFOO', "build_flags") == ["-DFOO"]
+    assert "Ignoring '-D' with empty argument in build_flags" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_cache_probe_failure_still_prefetches(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A filesystem probe failure warns (a systematic one re-downloads
+    everything) but still prefetches; a programming error is NOT swallowed
+    here, it reaches the outer blanket guard."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, **kw: calls.append(self.url),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "is_cached",
+        lambda self, *a, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(OSError("cache root denied")),
+    )
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert sorted(calls) == ["https://x/a.tar.gz", "https://x/b.tar.gz"]
+    assert "Cache probe for a failed: cache root denied" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_internal_error_never_fails_the_build(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """The blanket guard keeps a prefetch bug from failing the walk."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(URLSource, "is_cached", lambda self, *a, **kw: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        lib,
+        "run_batch_downloads",
+        lambda *a, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(RuntimeError("bug")),
+    )
+    wave = [
+        ("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1))),
+        ("b", ConvertedLibrary("b", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/b.tar.gz", 1))),
+    ]
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert "Library prefetch failed: bug" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_warm_cache_is_silent(
+    setup_core, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """Already-extracted archives download nothing; a warm build must not
+    print a Downloading line or draw a bar."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, **kw: (_ for _ in ()).throw(
+            AssertionError("downloaded")
+        ),
+    )
+    wave = []
+    for name in ("a", "b", "c"):
+        comp = ConvertedLibrary(name, "1.0", URLSource(f"https://x/{name}.tar.gz", 1))
+        marker_dir = comp.source._cache_dir(comp.get_sanitized_name(), "", "idf")
+        marker_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (marker_dir / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+        wave.append((name, comp))
+    lib._prefetch_wave(wave, "", "idf")
+    assert "Downloading" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_wave_single_archive_uses_the_batch(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency chain discovers one archive per wave; it downloads
+    through the same runner so there is one download method and one bar."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    calls: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(URLSource, "is_cached", lambda self, *a, **kw: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        URLSource,
+        "download",
+        lambda self, dir_suffix, force=False, salt="", namespace="", progress=None: (
+            calls.append(self.url)
+        ),
+    )
+    lib._prefetch_wave(
+        [("a", ConvertedLibrary("a", "1.0", URLSource("https://x/a.tar.gz", 1)))],
+        "",
+        "idf",
+    )
+    assert calls == ["https://x/a.tar.gz"]
+    assert "Downloading 1 library archive(s): a" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_normalize_dependencies_forms(caplog) -> None:
+    """Every PIO-legal spelling normalizes; unrecognizable entries warn."""
+    from esphome.platformio.library import normalize_dependencies
+
+    assert normalize_dependencies(
+        ["Wire", {"name": "SPI"}, 5, "", {"version": "1.0"}], "libx"
+    ) == [
+        {"name": "Wire"},
+        {"name": "SPI"},
+    ]
+    # The int, the empty string, and the nameless dict all warn
+    assert caplog.text.count("unrecognized dependency entry") == 3
+    # A plain string is names, never iterated into characters
+    assert normalize_dependencies("Wire, SPI") == [
+        {"name": "Wire"},
+        {"name": "SPI"},
+    ]
+    assert normalize_dependencies("Wire") == [{"name": "Wire"}]
+    # A non-iterable value fails by manifest name, never a bare TypeError
+    assert normalize_dependencies(5, "libx") == []
+    assert "Ignoring unrecognized dependencies 5 of libx" in caplog.text
+    # The dict-shorthand form validates names like the list form: an empty
+    # key and a spec overriding name with a non-string both warn and drop
+    assert normalize_dependencies(
+        {"": "1.0", "Wire": {"name": 123, "version": "1.0"}, "SPI": "*"}, "libx"
+    ) == [{"name": "SPI", "owner": None, "version": "*"}]
+    assert caplog.text.count("unrecognized dependency entry") == 5
+    # A container or numeric version would raise from set.add() or fail
+    # opaquely in the registry; both spellings warn and drop
+    assert normalize_dependencies({"Foo": ["1.0", "2.0"]}, "libx") == []
+    assert normalize_dependencies([{"name": "Foo", "version": 1}], "libx") == []
+    assert caplog.text.count("unrecognized dependency entry") == 7
+    # A non-string owner would stringify into a malformed registry name
+    assert (
+        normalize_dependencies(
+            [{"name": "Foo", "owner": {"bad": 1}, "version": "1.0"}], "libx"
+        )
+        == []
+    )
+    # A falsey scalar (0, false) is malformed, not an empty list
+    assert normalize_dependencies(0, "libx") == []
+    assert "Ignoring unrecognized dependencies 0 of libx" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "manifest",
+    [
+        ["not", "a", "manifest"],
+        {"name": "A", "build": "src"},
+        {"name": "A", "ESPHOME": "yes"},
+        {"name": "A", "build": {"srcDir": 123}},
+        {"name": "A", "build": {"includeDir": ["inc"]}},
+        {"name": "A", "build": {"srcFilter": {"+": "src"}}},
+        {"name": "A", "ESPHOME": {"LINK_FLAGS": "-Wl,-x"}},
+    ],
+)
+def test_convert_libraries_malformed_manifest_raises(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, manifest
+) -> None:
+    """A manifest without the expected dict shape fails by library name
+    before any backend dereferences data/build."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(monkeypatch, tmp_path, {"esphome/A": manifest})
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="has a malformed manifest"):
+        convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_malformed_transitive_dep_skips(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A malformed manifest on a dependency the user never asked for warns
+    and skips; only a top-level library fails the build."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "B", "owner": "esphome", "version": "1.0"}],
+            },
+            "esphome/B": {"name": "B", "build": {"srcDir": 123}},
+        },
+    )
+    components = convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    names = [c.name for c in components]
+    assert "esphome/A" in names
+    assert "esphome/B" not in names
+    assert "Skipping dependency esphome/B: malformed manifest" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_walk_warns_for_properties_only_depends(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A manifest declaring dependencies only as library.properties depends=
+    warns in the shared walk, so every backend reports the drop."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {"esphome/A": "name=A\nversion=1.0\ndepends=Wire, SPI\n"},
+        properties=("esphome/A",),
+    )
+    caplog.set_level("INFO")
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
+    assert "declares dependencies via library.properties" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_walk_warns_for_nonplatform_invalid_library(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency dropped for any cause other than the routine platform
+    filter is visible in every backend."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "B", "version": "1.0", "platforms": [123]}],
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", None, None)], _backend())
+    assert "Skipping dependency B of esphome/A: Malformed platforms" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_convert_libraries_warns_for_nonplatform_invalid_dependency_component(
+    tmp_path, monkeypatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A dependency component dropped for any cause other than the platform
+    filter warns; only the routine cross-platform skip stays at debug."""
+    _patch_download_with_manifests(
+        monkeypatch,
+        tmp_path,
+        {
+            "esphome/A": {
+                "name": "A",
+                "dependencies": [{"name": "C", "owner": "esphome", "version": "1.0"}],
+            },
+            "esphome/C": {"name": "C", "frameworks": [None]},
+        },
+    )
+    convert_libraries([Library("esphome/A", "1.0.0", None)], _backend())
+    assert "Malformed frameworks" in caplog.text
+    assert "Skipping dependency" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_split_flag_entry_non_string_is_clean() -> None:
+    """A dict or number from a third-party manifest fails naming the entry,
+    not with an opaque shlex traceback."""
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Malformed build flag"):
+        split_flag_entry({"esp32": ["-DX"]}, "lib x")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Malformed build flag 5"):
+        split_flag_entry(5, "lib x")
+
+
+def test_source_kind_map_shape() -> None:
+    """The kind values the native compile rules key on; the AS/ASPP split
+    matches SCons (.S preprocessed, .s plain assembler)."""
+
+    assert set(SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX.values()) == {"c", "cxx", "asm", "aspp"}
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".s"] == "asm"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".S"] == "aspp"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".c"] == "c"
+    assert SOURCE_KIND_FOR_SUFFIX[".cpp"] == "cxx"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_registry.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ba8691c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.platformio.registry (PIO-registry package installs)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.platformio import registry
+
+
+def test_registry_download_resolves_once_per_process() -> None:
+    """The prefetch and the install share one metadata resolve per package."""
+    calls: list[dict] = []
+    payload = {
+        "versions": [
+            {
+                "name": "1.0.0",
+                "files": [
+                    {
+                        "download_url": "http://x/pkg.tar.gz",
+                        "checksum": {"sha256": "ab" * 32},
+                        "size": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+
+    def fake_request(method, url, **kwargs):
+        calls.append(url)
+        return _http_response(json.dumps(payload))
+
+    with patch.object(registry, "http_request", side_effect=fake_request):
+        first = registry.registry_download("o/pkg", "1.0.0")
+        second = registry.registry_download("o/pkg", "1.0.0")
+    assert first == second
+    assert len(calls) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _fresh_registry_cache():
+    # registry_download memoizes per process; tests reuse package names
+    registry.registry_download.cache_clear()
+    yield
+    registry.registry_download.cache_clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("system", "machine", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("Darwin", "arm64", "darwin_arm64"),
+        ("Darwin", "x86_64", "darwin_x86_64"),
+        ("Windows", "AMD64", "windows_amd64"),
+        # Deviation from upstream: auto-mapped to the emulated-x86 packages
+        ("Windows", "ARM64", "windows_amd64"),
+        ("Windows", "x86", "windows_x86"),
+        ("Linux", "x86_64", "linux_x86_64"),
+        ("Linux", "aarch64", "linux_aarch64"),
+        ("Linux", "i686", "linux_i686"),
+        ("Linux", "armv7l", "linux_armv7l"),
+        # Unknown hosts pass through like upstream; the registry lookup
+        # then fails naming the tag
+        ("FreeBSD", "amd64", "freebsd_amd64"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_systype(system: str, machine: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("platform.system", return_value=system),
+        patch("platform.machine", return_value=machine),
+        patch("platform.architecture", return_value=("64bit", "")),
+    ):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == expected
+
+
+def test_get_systype_env_override() -> None:
+    """PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE wins, exactly as in upstream get_systype()."""
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PLATFORMIO_SYSTEM_TYPE": "windows_amd64"}):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == "windows_amd64"
+
+
+def test_get_systype_aarch64_32bit_userland() -> None:
+    """A 32-bit userland on a 64-bit arm kernel gets armv7l binaries."""
+    with (
+        patch("platform.system", return_value="Linux"),
+        patch("platform.machine", return_value="aarch64"),
+        patch("platform.architecture", return_value=("32bit", "")),
+    ):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == "linux_armv7l"
+
+
+def test_get_systype_windows_empty_machine() -> None:
+    """An empty machine string falls back to the architecture bits."""
+    with (
+        patch("platform.system", return_value="Windows"),
+        patch("platform.machine", return_value=""),
+        patch("platform.architecture", return_value=("64bit", "")),
+    ):
+        assert registry.get_systype() == "windows_amd64"
+
+
+def _http_response(text: str) -> MagicMock:
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.text = text
+    resp.raise_for_status.return_value = None
+    return resp
+
+
+def _registry_response(files: list[dict]):
+    """Patch the consolidated HTTP path to serve a canned registry response."""
+    payload = {"versions": [{"name": "1.0.0", "files": files}]}
+    return patch.object(
+        registry, "http_request", return_value=_http_response(json.dumps(payload))
+    )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_uses_shared_http_path() -> None:
+    """The metadata fetch delegates to the consolidated http_request path;
+    request failures surface as a named EsphomeError."""
+    import requests as req
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            side_effect=req.exceptions.ConnectionError("registry down"),
+        ) as mock_request,
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Could not fetch registry metadata"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+    (method, url), _ = mock_request.call_args
+    assert method == "GET"
+    assert url == registry._REGISTRY_URL.format(package="pkg")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_invalid_json_is_clean() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response("<html>not json</html>"),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="invalid JSON"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_matches_system() -> None:
+    with (
+        _registry_response(
+            [
+                {"system": ["windows_amd64"], "download_url": "http://x/win"},
+                {
+                    "system": ["linux_x86_64"],
+                    "download_url": "http://x/linux",
+                    "checksum": {"sha256": "abc123"},
+                    "size": 42,
+                },
+            ]
+        ),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0") == (
+            "http://x/linux",
+            "abc123",
+            42,
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_bare_string_system() -> None:
+    """A bare-string system tag is an exact match, not a substring test."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response(
+            [
+                {"system": "linux_x86", "download_url": "http://x/x86"},
+                {
+                    "system": "linux_x86_64",
+                    "download_url": "http://x/x86_64",
+                    "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"},
+                },
+            ]
+        ),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")[0] == "http://x/x86_64"
+
+
+def test_registry_download_wildcard_system() -> None:
+    with _registry_response(
+        [
+            {
+                "system": "*",
+                "download_url": "http://x/any",
+                "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"},
+                "size": 7,
+            }
+        ]
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0") == (
+            "http://x/any",
+            "abc",
+            7,
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_checksum_raises() -> None:
+    """An unverifiable archive is refused, never silently extracted."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": "*", "download_url": "http://x/any"}]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="no sha256"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_no_system_match() -> None:
+    with (
+        _registry_response(
+            [{"system": ["windows_amd64"], "download_url": "http://x/win"}]
+        ),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No pkg 1.0.0 build"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_version_not_found() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(
+                json.dumps({"versions": [{"name": "2.0.0", "files": []}]})
+            ),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not found"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_install_package_skips_when_marker_exists(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    (dest / "payload").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    with patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors") as mock_download:
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_install_package_marker_hit_rechecks_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A marked install that later lost files fails by name instead of
+    surfacing as an opaque toolchain error."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    dest.mkdir()
+    (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="missing the expected payload"):
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+
+
+def test_install_package_downloads_via_mirrors(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    mirrors = ["http://mirror/{VERSION}/{SYSTEM}.tar.gz"]
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        # Extraction is expected to create the directory
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, mirrors, tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_args[0][0] is mirrors
+    assert mock_download.call_args[0][1] == {
+        "VERSION": "1.0.0",
+        "SYSTEM": "linux_x86_64",
+    }
+    assert (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file()
+
+
+def test_install_package_downloads_via_registry(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The registry path downloads with the registry's sha256 and size."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "registry_download",
+            return_value=("http://x/pkg.tar.gz", "abc123", 42),
+        ),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_args[0][0] == "http://x/pkg.tar.gz"
+    assert mock_download.call_args[1] == {"sha256": "abc123", "size": 42}
+
+
+def test_install_package_validates_expected_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The success marker is only written when the extracted tree is usable."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors"),
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "bin").mkdir(parents=True)
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("bin",)
+        )
+    assert (dest / ".esphome_extracted").is_file()
+
+
+def test_install_package_unexpected_layout_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors"),
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="missing the expected bin"),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("bin",)
+        )
+    assert not (dest / ".esphome_extracted").exists()
+
+
+def test_install_package_marker_rechecked_under_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A concurrent install finishing while we wait for the lock is detected."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    marker = dest / ".esphome_extracted"
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _fake_lock(*_a, **_kw):
+        dest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        marker.touch()
+        yield
+
+    with (
+        patch("filelock.FileLock", _fake_lock),
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(registry, "rmdir") as mock_rmdir,
+    ):
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    mock_rmdir.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_install_package_uses_hard_lock(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The install lock must never degrade to a soft (existence) lock."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    with (
+        patch("filelock.FileLock") as mock_lock,
+        patch.object(registry, "download_from_mirrors"),
+        patch.object(registry, "archive_extract_all") as mock_extract,
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+    ):
+        mock_extract.side_effect = lambda *_a, **_kw: (dest / "payload").mkdir(
+            parents=True, exist_ok=True
+        )
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", dest, ["http://m"], tmp_path / "dl", expect=("payload",)
+        )
+    assert mock_lock.call_args.kwargs["fallback_to_soft"] is False
+
+
+def test_registry_download_empty_system_list_does_not_match() -> None:
+    """An explicitly empty system list must not act as a wildcard."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": [], "download_url": "http://x/any"}]),
+        patch.object(registry, "get_systype", return_value="linux_x86_64"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="No pkg 1.0.0 build"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_unexpected_payload_is_named() -> None:
+    """An error envelope without a versions list is not 'version not found'."""
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(json.dumps({"message": "rate limited"})),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_system_key_matches_any() -> None:
+    """A file with no system key at all serves every host."""
+    with _registry_response(
+        [{"download_url": "http://x/any", "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"}, "size": 1}]
+    ):
+        assert registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0") == ("http://x/any", "abc", 1)
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_files_list_is_named() -> None:
+    """A version entry without a files list is an unexpected payload, not a
+    missing platform build."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response(None),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_missing_download_url_is_named() -> None:
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": "*", "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"}, "size": 1}]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="no download URL"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_install_package_empty_expect_rejected(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Layout validation is the only guard before marker.touch(), so an
+    empty expect is a caller bug, not a lenient install."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-empty expect"):
+        registry.install_package(
+            "pkg", "1.0.0", tmp_path / "pkg", [], tmp_path / "dl", expect=()
+        )
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_dict_version_entry_is_named() -> None:
+    """A versions list of bare strings is an unexpected payload, not an
+    AttributeError traceback."""
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(json.dumps({"versions": ["1.0.0", "2.0.0"]})),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_dict_file_entry_is_named() -> None:
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(
+                json.dumps({"versions": [{"name": "1.0.0", "files": ["a.tar.gz"]}]})
+            ),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_dict_payload_is_named() -> None:
+    """A JSON array answer is an unexpected payload at the outermost level."""
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "http_request",
+            return_value=_http_response(json.dumps(["1.0.0"])),
+        ),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def test_registry_download_non_list_system_is_named() -> None:
+    """A system field that is neither missing, str, nor list is an
+    unexpected payload, not a TypeError from the ``in`` test."""
+    with (
+        _registry_response([{"system": 5, "checksum": {"sha256": "abc"}, "size": 1}]),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Unexpected package registry response"),
+    ):
+        registry.registry_download("pkg", "1.0.0")
+
+
+def _resolve_for(sizes: dict[str, int | None]):
+    def resolve(name: str, version: str):
+        size = sizes[name]
+        if size == -1:
+            raise EsphomeError("registry down")
+        return (f"http://x/{name}.tar.gz", "abc123", size)
+
+    return resolve
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_downloads_pending_in_parallel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Two uninstalled packages download together under one combined bar,
+    with the registry's sha256 and size and a batch progress tracker."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+    # Locking makes worker completion order nondeterministic
+    calls = sorted(mock_download.call_args_list, key=lambda c: c[0][0])
+    for call, (name, version, size) in zip(
+        calls, [("a", "1.0", 10), ("b", "2.0", 20)], strict=True
+    ):
+        assert call[0][0] == f"http://x/{name}.tar.gz"
+        assert call[0][1] == tmp_path / "dl" / f"{name}-{version}"
+        assert call[1]["sha256"] == "abc123"
+        assert call[1]["size"] == size
+        assert callable(call[1]["progress"])
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_skips_freshly_installed_dest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A dest whose marker appeared while the worker waited on the lock is
+    already installed; re-downloading would orphan an archive copy."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "a"
+    dest.mkdir()
+
+    from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def marker_appears_under_lock(path, **kwargs):
+        # Simulates the concurrent build finishing while we waited
+        (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+        yield
+
+    with (
+        patch("filelock.FileLock", side_effect=marker_appears_under_lock),
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages([("a", "1.0", dest, [])], tmp_path / "dl")
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_already_installed_probe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Both arms of the marker probe the prefetch worker keys on."""
+    dest = tmp_path / "pkg"
+    dest.mkdir()
+    assert registry._already_installed(dest) is False
+    (dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    assert registry._already_installed(dest) is True
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_dedupes_duplicate_entries(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Duplicate (name, version) entries would race each other between two
+    workers; only one survives (and one is too few to parallelize)."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_single_pending_skips(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """One pending package has nothing to parallelize; the sequential
+    install keeps its own bar."""
+    marker_dest = tmp_path / "a"
+    marker_dest.mkdir()
+    (marker_dest / ".esphome_extracted").touch()
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", marker_dest, []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_mirror_and_sizeless_stay_sequential(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Mirror overrides and size-less registry entries are left to the
+    sequential path so its per-file bars stay trustworthy."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry,
+            "registry_download",
+            side_effect=_resolve_for({"b": None, "c": 30}),
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", ["http://mirror/{VERSION}"]),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+                ("c", "3.0", tmp_path / "c", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_resolve_failure_defers_to_install(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A registry failure only skips the prefetch; install_package reports
+    the real error with context."""
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG")
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": -1, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+    assert "Prefetch resolve for a failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_complete_archive_skipped(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """An archive already fully downloaded is not re-fetched."""
+    dl = tmp_path / "dl"
+    dl.mkdir()
+    (dl / "a-1.0").write_bytes(b"x" * 10)
+    with (
+        patch.object(registry, "download_with_resume") as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            dl,
+        )
+    mock_download.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_download_failure_is_debug(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed prefetch download is logged and left for install_package."""
+    caplog.set_level("DEBUG")
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "download_with_resume", side_effect=OSError("boom")
+        ) as mock_download,
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    assert mock_download.call_count == 2
+    assert "Prefetch of a failed" in caplog.text
+    assert "Prefetch of b failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_prefetch_packages_unexpected_failure_warns(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A programming error (not a download failure) surfaces at WARNING
+    instead of becoming a permanent silent no-op."""
+    with (
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "download_with_resume", side_effect=TypeError("bad call")
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            registry, "registry_download", side_effect=_resolve_for({"a": 10, "b": 20})
+        ),
+    ):
+        registry.prefetch_packages(
+            [
+                ("a", "1.0", tmp_path / "a", []),
+                ("b", "2.0", tmp_path / "b", []),
+            ],
+            tmp_path / "dl",
+        )
+    assert "TypeError" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_runner.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f375aa457a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.platformio.runner."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import io
+import sys
+from types import ModuleType
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.platformio import runner
+
+
+def _prepare_main(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, pio_main: Callable[[], int]
+) -> io.BytesIO:
+    """Point ``runner.main()`` at a fake PlatformIO with a fake stdout.
+
+    The real ``main`` patches PlatformIO internals and then hands control to
+    it; both are stubbed out so only the stream wrapping is exercised. The
+    fake stdout is block buffered like a pipe, so the caller can see what
+    actually left the wrapper.
+    """
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    stream = io.TextIOWrapper(buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["pio", "run"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stderr", stream)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(runner, "patch_structhash", lambda: None)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(runner, "patch_file_downloader", lambda: None)
+
+    platformio = ModuleType("platformio")
+    platformio_main = ModuleType("platformio.__main__")
+    platformio_main.main = pio_main  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    platformio.__main__ = platformio_main  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "platformio", platformio)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "platformio.__main__", platformio_main)
+
+    return buf
+
+
+def test_main_drains_a_partial_line_on_a_clean_run(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A build ending mid line still shows that line."""
+
+    def pio_main() -> int:
+        print("Linking .pioenvs/firmware.elf\n", end="")
+        print("Building took 12.4 seconds", end="")
+        return 0
+
+    buf = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, pio_main)
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == (
+        "Linking .pioenvs/firmware.elf\nBuilding took 12.4 seconds\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_main_drains_when_platformio_exits_early(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Leaving through ``sys.exit`` still drains, because it runs in a finally."""
+
+    def pio_main() -> int:
+        print("*** [.pioenvs/firmware.elf] Error 1", end="")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    buf = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, pio_main)
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as excinfo:
+        runner.main()
+
+    assert excinfo.value.code == 1
+    assert buf.getvalue().decode("utf-8") == "*** [.pioenvs/firmware.elf] Error 1\n"
+
+
+def test_main_still_filters_a_drained_partial_line(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Releasing a held line does not smuggle noise past the filter."""
+
+    def pio_main() -> int:
+        # Matches FILTER_PLATFORMIO_LINES, and arrives without a terminator.
+        print("Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option", end="")
+        return 0
+
+    buf = _prepare_main(monkeypatch, pio_main)
+
+    assert runner.main() == 0
+    assert buf.getvalue() == b""
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py
index 568b43a259..63c40f3609 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_toolchain.py
@@ -2,21 +2,25 @@
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
 import threading
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, call, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 from esphome.platformio import runner, toolchain
-from esphome.util import FlashImage
+from esphome.util import ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, FlashImage
 
 
 def test_idedata_firmware_elf_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
@@ -276,15 +280,116 @@ def test_run_idedata_raises_on_no_json(
 def test_run_idedata_raises_on_invalid_json(
     setup_core: Path, mock_run_platformio_cli_run: Mock
 ) -> None:
-    """Test _run_idedata raises on malformed JSON."""
+    """Malformed JSON is the environment (garbage stdout), so it must
+    surface as EsphomeError and get the recompile hint downstream.
+    """
     config = {"name": "test"}
     mock_run_platformio_cli_run.return_value = '{"invalid": json"}'
 
-    # The ValueError from json.loads is re-raised
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError):
         toolchain._run_idedata(config)
 
 
+def test_run_idedata_raises_on_launch_failure(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_platformio_cli_run: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A failed platformio launch returns its exit code as an int; that
+    must surface as EsphomeError, not a TypeError from re.search.
+    """
+    config = {"name": "test"}
+    mock_run_platformio_cli_run.return_value = 1
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError):
+        toolchain._run_idedata(config)
+
+
+def test_idedata_missing_prog_path_raises_esphome_error(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A stale cached idedata JSON without prog_path is the build tree's
+    fault; it must surface as EsphomeError, not a KeyError.
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError):
+        _ = toolchain.IDEData({}).firmware_elf_path
+
+
+def test_idedata_missing_flash_image_field_raises_esphome_error(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A cached idedata whose flash image entries lost a field must
+    classify as an environment error too, not a raw KeyError.
+    """
+    idedata = toolchain.IDEData({"extra": {"flash_images": [{"offset": "0x1000"}]}})
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError):
+        _ = idedata.extra_flash_images
+
+
+def test_idedata_null_section_raises_esphome_error(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A section that is null instead of absent must classify the same
+    as a missing key instead of escaping as TypeError.
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError):
+        _ = toolchain.IDEData({"extra": None}).extra_flash_images
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "framework", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("esp32", "arduino", "1"),
+        ("esp32", "esp-idf", None),
+        ("esp8266", "arduino", None),
+    ],
+)
+def test_run_platformio_cli_flags_an_esp32_arduino_build(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    mock_run_external_process: Mock,
+    platform: str,
+    framework: str,
+    expected: str | None,
+) -> None:
+    """Only an ESP32 Arduino build is flagged, and an inherited one is cleared."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {
+        KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform,
+        KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: framework,
+    }
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV: "1"}, clear=False):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+        env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
+        assert env.get(ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV) == expected
+        # Only the subprocess env is touched; ours is left as it was.
+        assert os.environ[ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV] == "1"
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_ignores_an_inherited_flag_without_core(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """An inherited flag must not end up answering for CORE."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    CORE.data.pop(KEY_CORE, None)
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV: "1"}, clear=False):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+        env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
+        assert ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV not in env
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_raises_on_a_half_filled_core(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A CORE set up but left incomplete must surface, not fall back."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {}
+
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+            toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+
 def test_run_platformio_cli_sets_environment_variables(
     setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
 ) -> None:
@@ -320,38 +425,420 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_sets_environment_variables(
         assert "arg" in args
 
 
+def test_ccache_env_enabled_by_default(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Ccache is enabled when the binary is on PATH and no override is set."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == "/usr/bin/ccache"
+    assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str((setup_core / "build" / "test").resolve())
+    assert env["CCACHE_DIR"].endswith("platformio-ccache")
+    assert env["CCACHE_NOHASHDIR"] == "true"
+    # Nothing may leak into os.environ: a later ESP-IDF build in the same
+    # process would otherwise skip its own ccache defaults.
+    assert "CCACHE_BASEDIR" not in os.environ
+    assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" not in os.environ
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("platform", "input_path", "expected"),
+    ("env_vars", "expect_warning"),
     [
-        # win32: drive-letter extended-length prefix is stripped
-        (
-            "win32",
-            "\\\\?\\C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-        ),
-        # win32: UNC extended-length prefix is translated to a regular UNC path
-        (
-            "win32",
-            "\\\\?\\UNC\\server\\share\\python.exe",
-            "\\\\server\\share\\python.exe",
-        ),
-        # win32: paths without the prefix are returned unchanged
-        (
-            "win32",
-            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-            "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Builder\\python\\python.exe",
-        ),
-        # non-win32: prefix is left alone (no-op)
-        ("linux", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe", "\\\\?\\C:\\python.exe"),
-        ("darwin", "/usr/bin/python3", "/usr/bin/python3"),
+        pytest.param({}, False, id="default"),
+        pytest.param({"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, True, id="forced-on"),
     ],
 )
-def test_strip_win_long_path_prefix(
-    platform: str, input_path: str, expected: str
+def test_ccache_env_disabled_without_binary(
+    setup_core: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    env_vars: dict[str, str],
+    expect_warning: bool,
 ) -> None:
-    r"""``\\?\`` and ``\\?\UNC\`` prefixes are stripped only on win32."""
-    with patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.platform", platform):
-        assert toolchain._strip_win_long_path_prefix(input_path) == expected
+    """Ccache stays off when the binary is not on PATH, even when forced on.
+
+    A deliberate opt-in that finds no binary is downgraded with a warning so
+    the user can tell why it had no effect; the default path stays quiet.
+    """
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=None),
+        caplog.at_level("WARNING"),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env == {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+    assert ("no ccache binary is on PATH" in caplog.text) is expect_warning
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "probe_error",
+    [
+        pytest.param(OSError("not runnable"), id="oserror"),
+        pytest.param(subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, "ccache"), id="nonzero-exit"),
+        pytest.param(subprocess.TimeoutExpired("ccache", 15), id="timeout"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ccache_env_disabled_when_probe_fails(
+    setup_core: Path, probe_error: Exception
+) -> None:
+    """A ccache that resolves on PATH but fails to run stays disabled."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run", side_effect=probe_error),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env == {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_forced_on_skips_probe(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """An explicit ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1 does not probe the binary."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_probe,
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    # The binary's location is still handed to the build script.
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == "/usr/bin/ccache"
+    mock_probe.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_strips_win_long_path_prefix(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    r"""A ``\\?\`` ccache path from PATH is exported without the prefix.
+
+    That is the shape ESPHome Desktop puts on PATH (#18399); see ``_ccache_env``.
+    """
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+    prefixed = (
+        "\\\\?\\C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Device Builder"
+        "\\ccache\\ccache.exe"
+    )
+    stripped = (
+        "C:\\Users\\jesse\\AppData\\Local\\ESPHome Device Builder\\ccache\\ccache.exe"
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        # shutil.which is patched, so the win32 code path of the real
+        # implementation (which crashes on a POSIX host) is never reached.
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", "win32"),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value=prefixed),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run") as mock_probe,
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == stripped
+    # The probe validates the exact string the build will execute.
+    assert mock_probe.call_args[0][0] == [stripped, "--version"]
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_opt_out(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=0 disables ccache even with the binary present."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env == {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_normalizes_enable_value(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A truthy override value is normalized to "1" for the build scripts."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "yes"}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_respects_user_values_and_refreshes_basedir(
+    setup_core: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """User CCACHE_* values win, but CCACHE_BASEDIR follows the build dir."""
+    user_env = {
+        "CCACHE_DIR": "/custom/cache",
+        "CCACHE_BASEDIR": "/stale/other-device",
+    }
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, user_env, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
+    ):
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    # CCACHE_DIR is not returned, so the user's os.environ value applies in
+    # the subprocess; CCACHE_BASEDIR is always refreshed to the build dir.
+    assert "CCACHE_DIR" not in env
+    assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str((setup_core / "build" / "test").resolve())
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_passes_ccache_env_to_subprocess_only(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """The ccache settings reach the subprocess env without touching os.environ."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
+    ):
+        os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE", None)
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test", "arg")
+
+        env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
+        assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+        assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == "/usr/bin/ccache"
+        assert env["CCACHE_BASEDIR"] == str((setup_core / "build" / "test").resolve())
+        assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" not in os.environ
+        assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH" not in os.environ
+        assert "CCACHE_BASEDIR" not in os.environ
+
+
+def test_ccache_env_requires_build_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Enabling ccache without a build path fails loudly."""
+    CORE.build_path = None
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="CORE.build_path must be set"),
+    ):
+        toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_merges_caller_env(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """A caller-supplied env is the base and gains the ccache settings."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+
+    with (
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="/usr/bin/ccache"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.subprocess.run"),
+    ):
+        mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli(
+            "test", env={"CUSTOM_VAR": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}
+        )
+
+    env = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]["env"]
+    assert env["CUSTOM_VAR"] == "1"
+    # The normalized enable flag still lands in the subprocess env.
+    assert "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE" in env
+
+
+def test_copy_ccache_script(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The shared ccache pre-script is copied into the build dir."""
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+
+    toolchain.copy_ccache_script()
+
+    dest = setup_core / "build" / "test" / "ccache.py"
+    source = Path(toolchain.__file__).parent / "ccache.py.script"
+    assert dest.read_text() == source.read_text()
+
+
+class _FakeSConsEnv(dict):
+    """Just enough of a SCons construction environment for ccache.py."""
+
+    def Replace(self, **kwargs: object) -> None:  # noqa: N802
+        self.update(kwargs)
+
+
+def _load_ccache_script(
+    env_vars: dict[str, str], original_spawn: Callable[..., int] | None = None
+) -> tuple[_FakeSConsEnv, Callable[..., int]]:
+    """Run ccache.py.script against a fake SCons env and return (env, original SPAWN)."""
+    if original_spawn is None:
+        original_spawn = Mock(name="original_spawn", return_value=0)
+    scons_env = _FakeSConsEnv(SPAWN=original_spawn)
+    source = (Path(toolchain.__file__).parent / "ccache.py.script").read_text()
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
+        exec(  # noqa: S102
+            compile(source, "ccache.py", "exec"),
+            {"Import": lambda *_names: None, "env": scons_env},
+        )
+    return scons_env, original_spawn
+
+
+def _scons_win32_escape(x: str) -> str:
+    """Copy of ``SCons.Platform.win32.escape``: quote, guarding a trailing backslash."""
+    if x[-1] == "\\":
+        x = x + "\\"
+    return '"' + x + '"'
+
+
+def test_ccache_script_wraps_compiles_with_exported_path() -> None:
+    """The SCons script uses ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH as given, without a PATH lookup."""
+    ccache_path = "C:\\Users\\jesse\\ESPHome Device Builder\\ccache\\ccache.exe"
+    scons_env, original_spawn = _load_ccache_script(
+        {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH": ccache_path}
+    )
+    spawn = scons_env["SPAWN"]
+    assert spawn is not original_spawn
+
+    # A compile step is routed through ccache, with the same path used for
+    # the program and (escaped) as the first argument.
+    compile_args = ["xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", "-o", "main.o", "-c", "main.cpp"]
+    spawn("cmd.exe", _scons_win32_escape, "xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", compile_args, {})
+    original_spawn.assert_called_once_with(
+        "cmd.exe",
+        _scons_win32_escape,
+        ccache_path,
+        [_scons_win32_escape(ccache_path), *compile_args],
+        {},
+    )
+
+    # Link steps pass through untouched.
+    original_spawn.reset_mock()
+    link_args = ["xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", "-o", "firmware.elf", "main.o"]
+    spawn("cmd.exe", _scons_win32_escape, "xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", link_args, {})
+    original_spawn.assert_called_once_with(
+        "cmd.exe", _scons_win32_escape, "xtensa-lx106-elf-g++", link_args, {}
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "env_vars",
+    [
+        pytest.param({"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, id="disabled"),
+        pytest.param({"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1"}, id="enabled-without-path"),
+        pytest.param({}, id="unset"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ccache_script_leaves_spawn_alone_without_path(
+    env_vars: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    """Without both the enable flag and a path, SPAWN is not replaced."""
+    scons_env, original_spawn = _load_ccache_script(env_vars)
+    assert scons_env["SPAWN"] is original_spawn
+
+
+def _scons_win32_spawn(
+    sh: str, escape: Callable[[str], str], cmd: str, args: list[str], env: dict
+) -> int:
+    r"""Mirror of ``SCons.Platform.win32.spawn``: every command runs via ``cmd.exe /C``.
+
+    SCons is not importable in the test environment (PlatformIO fetches it at
+    build time), so the lines that matter are mirrored here. The command line
+    SCons hands ``os.spawnve`` goes to ``CreateProcess`` via ``subprocess``
+    instead (identical on Windows, where a string passes through untouched);
+    ``spawnve`` itself crashes inside pytest.
+    """
+    return subprocess.run(
+        " ".join([sh, "/C", escape(" ".join(args))]), env=env, check=False
+    ).returncode
+
+
+_MARKER_ENV = "ESPHOME_TEST_CCACHE_MARKER"
+# Stands in for a compile: the "ccache" is really the Python interpreter, and
+# the compile "flags" make it write a marker file so the test can tell whether
+# the wrapped command actually ran to completion.
+_FAKE_COMPILE_ARGS = [
+    "-c",
+    f"import os, pathlib; pathlib.Path(os.environ['{_MARKER_ENV}']).write_text('compiled')",
+]
+
+
+def _spawn_fake_compile_via_cmd_exe(scons_env: _FakeSConsEnv, marker: Path) -> int:
+    """Run one wrapped compile step the way SCons does on Windows."""
+    child_env = {**os.environ, _MARKER_ENV: str(marker)}
+    return scons_env["SPAWN"](
+        os.environ.get("COMSPEC", "cmd.exe"),
+        _scons_win32_escape,
+        "xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc",
+        [_scons_win32_escape(arg) if " " in arg else arg for arg in _FAKE_COMPILE_ARGS],
+        child_env,
+    )
+
+
+_WINDOWS_ONLY = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform != "win32", reason="drives cmd.exe, which SCons uses only on Windows"
+)
+
+
+@_WINDOWS_ONLY
+def test_ccache_env_real_probe_runs_stripped_path(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    r"""With a ``\\?\`` which result, the real probe runs the stripped binary.
+
+    The probe therefore validates the exact string the build will execute
+    through ``cmd.exe``; probing the verbatim path instead would pass even
+    when the stripped path is unusable (``CreateProcess`` accepts
+    extended-length paths, ``cmd.exe`` does not).
+    """
+    CORE.build_path = setup_core / "build" / "test"
+    assert not sys.executable.startswith("\\\\?\\")
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
+        patch("shutil.which", return_value="\\\\?\\" + sys.executable),
+    ):
+        os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE", None)
+        env = toolchain._ccache_env()
+
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE"] == "1"
+    assert env["ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH"] == sys.executable
+
+
+@_WINDOWS_ONLY
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("prefix", "expect_ok"),
+    [
+        pytest.param("", True, id="stripped-path-compiles"),
+        pytest.param("\\\\?\\", False, id="verbatim-path-fails"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ccache_wrapper_through_cmd_exe(
+    tmp_path: Path, prefix: str, expect_ok: bool
+) -> None:
+    r"""End to end through ``cmd.exe``: the exported path works, a ``\\?\`` one does not.
+
+    The interpreter stands in for ccache; the spawn mirrors SCons on Windows.
+    The failing case is the mechanism behind #18399 ("The system cannot find
+    the path specified." on every compile step); should it ever start passing,
+    ``cmd.exe`` learned extended-length paths and the strip is no longer needed.
+    """
+    marker = tmp_path / "compiled.txt"
+    scons_env, _ = _load_ccache_script(
+        {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "1", "ESPHOME_CCACHE_PATH": prefix + sys.executable},
+        original_spawn=_scons_win32_spawn,
+    )
+    assert scons_env["SPAWN"] is not _scons_win32_spawn
+
+    rc = _spawn_fake_compile_via_cmd_exe(scons_env, marker)
+    assert (rc == 0) is expect_ok
+    assert marker.exists() is expect_ok
+    if expect_ok:
+        assert marker.read_text() == "compiled"
 
 
 def test_run_platformio_cli_strips_win_long_path_prefix(
@@ -373,8 +860,11 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_strips_win_long_path_prefix(
     )
 
     with (
-        patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
-        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.platform", "win32"),
+        # Pin ccache off: patching sys.platform to win32 (sys is a singleton,
+        # so the stdlib sees it too) would send shutil.which down the Windows
+        # code path, which crashes on a POSIX host.
+        patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE": "0"}, clear=False),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", "win32"),
         patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.executable", prefixed_exe),
     ):
         # Pop any pre-existing PYTHONEXEPATH so the assertion below reflects
@@ -406,7 +896,7 @@ def test_run_platformio_cli_does_not_set_pythonexepath_without_strip(
 
     with (
         patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False),
-        patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.platform", "linux"),
+        patch("esphome.framework_helpers.sys.platform", "linux"),
         patch("esphome.platformio.toolchain.sys.executable", plain_exe),
     ):
         os.environ.pop("PYTHONEXEPATH", None)
@@ -1093,3 +1583,361 @@ def test_filter_platformio_lines_blocks_noisy_messages(msg: str) -> None:
 def test_filter_platformio_lines_allows_other_messages(msg: str) -> None:
     """Test that non-noisy platformio output lines pass through RedirectText."""
     assert _filter_through_redirect(msg) == msg + "\n"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# PlatformIO python-version cache heal
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_CURRENT_MINOR = f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}"
+# Captured before the autouse guard patches the name, so tests can exercise the
+# real implementation.
+_REAL_GET_PLATFORMIO_CONFIG = toolchain.get_platformio_config
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _guard_real_platformio() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Default the PlatformIO config lookup to None so no test in this module
+    touches a real ~/.platformio; the heal tests re-patch it at a temp dir."""
+    with patch.object(toolchain, "get_platformio_config", return_value=None):
+        yield
+
+
+def _pio_layout(core_dir: Path) -> dict[str, Path]:
+    """Return the PlatformIO dir layout with cache/packages/platforms under core."""
+    return {
+        "core_dir": core_dir,
+        "packages_dir": core_dir / "packages",
+        "platforms_dir": core_dir / "platforms",
+        "cache_dir": core_dir / ".cache",
+    }
+
+
+def _split_pio_layout(tmp_path: Path) -> dict[str, Path]:
+    """Container-shape layout: caches on a persistent root, core_dir ephemeral."""
+    persistent = tmp_path / "data" / "platformio"
+    return {
+        "core_dir": tmp_path / "root" / ".platformio",
+        "platforms_dir": persistent / "platforms",
+        "packages_dir": persistent / "packages",
+        "cache_dir": persistent / "cache",
+    }
+
+
+def _seed_layout(layout: dict[str, Path]) -> None:
+    """Populate each cache dir (and the core penv) with a marker file."""
+    for key in ("platforms_dir", "packages_dir", "cache_dir"):
+        layout[key].mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        (layout[key] / "marker").write_text("x", encoding="utf-8")
+    penv = layout["core_dir"] / "penv"
+    penv.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (penv / "marker").write_text("x", encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def _make_pio_config(layout: dict[str, Path] | Path) -> MagicMock:
+    """A ProjectConfig stand-in resolving platformio dir options from *layout*."""
+    resolved = _pio_layout(layout) if isinstance(layout, Path) else layout
+    config = MagicMock()
+    config.get.side_effect = lambda section, option: (
+        str(resolved[option]) if section == "platformio" else ""
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _use_pio_config(layout: dict[str, Path] | Path) -> Generator[MagicMock, None, None]:
+    """Point ``get_platformio_config`` at a temp layout for the block."""
+    config = _make_pio_config(layout)
+    with patch.object(toolchain, "get_platformio_config", return_value=config):
+        yield config
+
+
+def _stamp_version(core_dir: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Read the python version recorded in the heal stamp under *core_dir*."""
+    return toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(core_dir / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE)
+
+
+def _cache_wiped(core_dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """True when the seeded cache subdir markers are gone."""
+    return not any(
+        (core_dir / sub / "marker").exists()
+        for sub in ("packages", "platforms", ".cache")
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def pio_core_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """A populated PlatformIO core dir (packages/platforms/.cache/penv seeded)."""
+    core = tmp_path / "dot-platformio"
+    for sub in ("packages", "platforms", ".cache", "penv"):
+        seeded = core / sub
+        seeded.mkdir(parents=True)
+        (seeded / "marker").write_text("x", encoding="utf-8")
+    return core
+
+
+def test_current_python_minor_matches_running_interpreter() -> None:
+    """_current_python_minor returns major.minor of the running interpreter."""
+    assert toolchain._current_python_minor() == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_pio_stamp_round_trip(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The stamp writer/reader round-trips and records the schema version."""
+    stamp = tmp_path / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE
+    toolchain._write_pio_stamp_python(stamp, "3.13")
+    assert toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(stamp) == "3.13"
+    assert json.loads(stamp.read_text()) == {
+        "schema_version": toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_SCHEMA,
+        "python_version": "3.13",
+    }
+
+
+def test_read_pio_stamp_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A missing stamp file yields None."""
+    assert toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(tmp_path / "nope.json") is None
+
+
+def test_read_pio_stamp_malformed(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A corrupt stamp file yields None instead of raising."""
+    stamp = tmp_path / "bad.json"
+    stamp.write_text("{not json", encoding="utf-8")
+    assert toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(stamp) is None
+
+
+def test_read_pio_stamp_unreadable_logs_warning(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A present-but-unreadable stamp yields None and warns."""
+    stamp = tmp_path / "stamp.json"
+    stamp.mkdir()
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        assert toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(stamp) is None
+    assert "Could not read" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_read_pio_stamp_without_python_version(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A stamp missing python_version yields None."""
+    stamp = tmp_path / "s.json"
+    stamp.write_text(json.dumps({"schema_version": "0"}), encoding="utf-8")
+    assert toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(stamp) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("payload", ["42", '"x"', "[1, 2]", "null"])
+def test_read_pio_stamp_non_object_json(tmp_path: Path, payload: str) -> None:
+    """Valid-but-non-object JSON in the stamp yields None, not a crash."""
+    stamp = tmp_path / "s.json"
+    stamp.write_text(payload, encoding="utf-8")
+    assert toolchain._read_pio_stamp_python(stamp) is None
+
+
+def test_clean_platformio_cache_none_config_is_noop() -> None:
+    """clean_platformio_cache is a no-op when PlatformIO is unavailable."""
+    with patch.object(toolchain, "get_platformio_config", return_value=None):
+        toolchain.clean_platformio_cache()
+
+
+def test_clean_platformio_cache_wipes_everything(pio_core_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """clean_platformio_cache removes cache/packages/platforms and core_dir."""
+    with _use_pio_config(pio_core_dir):
+        toolchain.clean_platformio_cache()
+    assert not pio_core_dir.exists()
+
+
+def test_heal_none_config_is_noop() -> None:
+    """Heal is a no-op (no error) when PlatformIO is unavailable."""
+    with patch.object(toolchain, "get_platformio_config", return_value=None):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+
+
+def test_heal_fresh_cache_stamps_without_wipe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A fresh core dir (no stamp, no penv) is stamped, not wiped."""
+    core = tmp_path / "pio"
+    with _use_pio_config(core):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert _stamp_version(core) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_heal_stamp_matches_current_no_wipe(pio_core_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """A stamp matching the running interpreter leaves the cache untouched."""
+    toolchain._write_pio_stamp_python(
+        pio_core_dir / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE, _CURRENT_MINOR
+    )
+    with _use_pio_config(pio_core_dir):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert not _cache_wiped(pio_core_dir)
+    assert (pio_core_dir / "penv" / "marker").exists()
+
+
+def test_heal_stale_stamp_wipes_and_restamps(pio_core_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """A stamp from an older interpreter triggers a wipe + restamp; core_dir stays."""
+    toolchain._write_pio_stamp_python(
+        pio_core_dir / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE, "2.7"
+    )
+    with _use_pio_config(pio_core_dir):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert _cache_wiped(pio_core_dir)
+    assert not (pio_core_dir / "penv").exists()
+    assert pio_core_dir.is_dir()
+    assert _stamp_version(pio_core_dir) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_heal_no_stamp_existing_cache_wipes_once(
+    pio_core_dir: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An existing cache with no stamp is cleaned once and stamped."""
+    with _use_pio_config(pio_core_dir), caplog.at_level("INFO"):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert _cache_wiped(pio_core_dir)
+    assert not (pio_core_dir / "penv").exists()
+    assert _stamp_version(pio_core_dir) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+    assert "once" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_heal_no_stamp_penv_only_counts_as_cache(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A core dir holding only a penv still triggers the one-time clean."""
+    core = tmp_path / "pio"
+    penv = core / "penv"
+    penv.mkdir(parents=True)
+    (penv / "marker").write_text("x", encoding="utf-8")
+    with _use_pio_config(core):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert not penv.exists()
+    assert _stamp_version(core) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_heal_oserror_is_nonfatal(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A filesystem failure during the check warns instead of aborting the build."""
+    blocker = tmp_path / "pio"
+    blocker.write_text("not a directory", encoding="utf-8")
+    with _use_pio_config(blocker), caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert "build environment check failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_heal_stamp_write_failure_is_nonfatal(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A failed stamp write (EsphomeError from write_file) warns, not aborts."""
+    with (
+        _use_pio_config(tmp_path / "pio"),
+        patch.object(
+            toolchain,
+            "_write_pio_stamp_python",
+            side_effect=EsphomeError("disk full"),
+        ),
+        caplog.at_level("WARNING"),
+    ):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert "build environment check failed" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_heal_is_idempotent_across_runs(pio_core_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """After a heal writes the stamp, a re-provisioned cache is not wiped again."""
+    with _use_pio_config(pio_core_dir):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+        repop = pio_core_dir / "packages"
+        repop.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        (repop / "marker").write_text("x", encoding="utf-8")
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert (pio_core_dir / "packages" / "marker").exists()
+
+
+def test_pio_stamp_dir_is_platforms_parent(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The stamp home is the parent of platforms_dir, not core_dir."""
+    layout = _split_pio_layout(tmp_path)
+    config = _make_pio_config(layout)
+    assert toolchain._pio_stamp_dir(config) == layout["platforms_dir"].parent
+    nested = _make_pio_config(tmp_path / "pio")
+    assert toolchain._pio_stamp_dir(nested) == tmp_path / "pio"
+
+
+def test_heal_container_layout_stamps_persistent_root(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Container shape: the stamp lands on the persistent cache root."""
+    layout = _split_pio_layout(tmp_path)
+    with _use_pio_config(layout):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    persistent = layout["platforms_dir"].parent
+    assert _stamp_version(persistent) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+    assert not (layout["core_dir"] / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE).exists()
+
+
+def test_heal_container_layout_stale_stamp_wipes_persistent_cache(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Container shape: a stale stamp wipes the relocated persistent caches."""
+    layout = _split_pio_layout(tmp_path)
+    _seed_layout(layout)
+    persistent = layout["platforms_dir"].parent
+    toolchain._write_pio_stamp_python(
+        persistent / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE, "2.7"
+    )
+    with _use_pio_config(layout):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    for key in ("platforms_dir", "packages_dir", "cache_dir"):
+        assert not layout[key].exists()
+    assert not (layout["core_dir"] / "penv").exists()
+    assert _stamp_version(persistent) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_heal_container_layout_survives_core_dir_wipe(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A python change is still detected after an image update wiped core_dir."""
+    layout = _split_pio_layout(tmp_path)
+    _seed_layout(layout)
+    shutil.rmtree(layout["core_dir"])
+    persistent = layout["platforms_dir"].parent
+    toolchain._write_pio_stamp_python(
+        persistent / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE, "2.7"
+    )
+    with _use_pio_config(layout):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    for key in ("platforms_dir", "packages_dir", "cache_dir"):
+        assert not layout[key].exists()
+    assert _stamp_version(persistent) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_get_platformio_config_returns_project_config() -> None:
+    """The real lookup returns a usable ProjectConfig when PlatformIO is present."""
+    config = _REAL_GET_PLATFORMIO_CONFIG()
+    assert config is not None
+    assert hasattr(config, "get")
+
+
+def test_get_platformio_config_none_when_platformio_absent() -> None:
+    """The lookup returns None when PlatformIO cannot be imported."""
+    with patch.dict(sys.modules, {"platformio.project.config": None}):
+        assert _REAL_GET_PLATFORMIO_CONFIG() is None
+
+
+def test_delete_platformio_dirs_skips_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A named dir that does not exist is skipped without error."""
+    (tmp_path / "packages").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "packages" / "marker").write_text("x", encoding="utf-8")
+    config = _make_pio_config(tmp_path)
+    # platforms_dir does not exist; packages_dir does.
+    toolchain._delete_platformio_dirs(config, ["packages_dir", "platforms_dir"])
+    assert not (tmp_path / "packages").exists()
+
+
+def test_heal_stale_stamp_wipes_when_penv_absent(pio_core_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """The penv wipe is skipped cleanly when no penv exists."""
+    shutil.rmtree(pio_core_dir / "penv")
+    toolchain._write_pio_stamp_python(
+        pio_core_dir / toolchain._PIO_PYTHON_STAMP_FILE, "2.7"
+    )
+    with _use_pio_config(pio_core_dir):
+        toolchain.heal_platformio_python_env()
+    assert _cache_wiped(pio_core_dir)
+    assert _stamp_version(pio_core_dir) == _CURRENT_MINOR
+
+
+def test_run_platformio_cli_invokes_heal(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_run_external_process: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """run_platformio_cli runs the heal before spawning PlatformIO."""
+    CORE.build_path = str(setup_core / "build" / "test")
+    mock_run_external_process.return_value = 0
+    with patch.object(toolchain, "heal_platformio_python_env") as mock_heal:
+        toolchain.run_platformio_cli("test")
+    mock_heal.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8506afae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_preference_hash_stability.py
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+"""Tests to verify preference and entity key hash values remain stable.
+
+These tests ensure the hash algorithms do NOT change, as any change would cause
+users to lose stored preferences (calibration values, restore states, etc.) on
+firmware upgrades, or break entity state routing to API clients.
+
+Two algorithms are locked here (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85):
+1. `fnv1_hash_object_id(name)` - the object_id hash (snake_case + sanitize, then FNV-1).
+   The entity key sent to API clients and the base of every stored preference key.
+2. `fnv1_hash_name(name)` - FNV-1 over the raw UTF-8 name bytes. 2026.8 beta
+   firmware stored preferences under keys derived from it; a future key migration
+   must reconstruct those keys to recover that data.
+
+DO NOT CHANGE THE EXPECTED VALUES - if tests fail after modifying a hash algorithm,
+the change breaks backward compatibility and will cause data loss.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.helpers import (
+    FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS,
+    FNV1_PRIME,
+    fnv1_hash_name,
+    fnv1_hash_object_id,
+)
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Test: fnv1_hash_object_id produces stable hashes for entity names
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("entity_name", "expected_object_id_hash"),
+    [
+        # =====================================================================
+        # Core entity types - these names appear in many ESPHome configurations
+        # =====================================================================
+        # Basic single-word names
+        ("Light", 0x735CF023),
+        ("Switch", 0xBEDF78E5),
+        ("Sensor", 0x75E61B1B),
+        ("Fan", 0x468F6780),
+        ("Climate", 0xAA22FD4A),
+        ("Cover", 0xA630D0A2),
+        ("Lock", 0x1D2FD708),
+        ("Valve", 0x25ED5F65),
+        ("Button", 0x3A42C455),
+        ("Number", 0xB900E22A),
+        ("Select", 0x556391B5),
+        ("Text", 0xB12BFA38),
+        # Multi-word names (spaces become underscores, lowercase)
+        ("Living Room Light", 0xC6F81EC9),
+        ("Kitchen Switch", 0xC63C0F6E),
+        ("Temperature Sensor", 0x16AF55B6),
+        ("Garage Door Cover", 0x685E5281),
+        ("Bedroom Fan", 0x21AB1DED),
+        ("Front Door Lock", 0xB9BEF8E1),
+        # Already snake_case names (should hash same as space-separated)
+        ("living_room_light", 0xC6F81EC9),  # Same as "Living Room Light"
+        ("kitchen_switch", 0xC63C0F6E),  # Same as "Kitchen Switch"
+        # Names with numbers
+        ("Sensor 1", 0x99828E4B),
+        ("Relay 2", 0x6FFEF2FB),
+        ("Zone 10", 0xFD83AA95),
+        # Names with special characters (become underscores)
+        ("AC Unit", 0x336C6886),
+        ("WiFi Signal", 0x2FA52175),
+        ("CO2 Level", 0x31049870),
+        # Mixed case handling
+        ("mySwitch", 0x9AA10553),
+        ("MySwitch", 0x9AA10553),  # Same as lowercase
+        ("MYSWITCH", 0x9AA10553),  # Same as lowercase
+        # =====================================================================
+        # Edge cases
+        # =====================================================================
+        # Empty name (hashes to the FNV-1 offset basis since no chars processed)
+        ("", 0x811C9DC5),
+        # Single character
+        ("a", 0x050C5D7E),
+        ("A", 0x050C5D7E),  # Same after lowercase
+        ("1", 0x050C5D2E),
+        ("_", 0x050C5D40),
+        # Names that differ only in case (should hash identically)
+        ("test", 0xBC2C0BE9),
+        ("Test", 0xBC2C0BE9),
+        ("TEST", 0xBC2C0BE9),
+        # Names that differ only in spaces vs underscores (should hash identically)
+        ("foo bar", 0x3AE35AA1),
+        ("foo_bar", 0x3AE35AA1),
+        ("Foo Bar", 0x3AE35AA1),
+        ("FOO_BAR", 0x3AE35AA1),
+        # Non-ASCII names (sanitized per code point, one underscore per character)
+        ("äöü", 0x10028B12),
+        ("温度", 0x3276CB9F),
+        ("Température", 0x965698F3),
+        # =====================================================================
+        # Real-world component entity names from ESPHome codebase
+        # =====================================================================
+        # From fan.cpp - FanRestoreState
+        ("Ceiling Fan", 0x640DEF00),
+        # From climate.cpp - ClimateRestoreState
+        ("HVAC", 0xDD68438B),
+        ("Thermostat", 0x30A5B7C6),
+        # From light/light_state.cpp
+        ("LED Strip", 0x2A068423),
+        ("Dimmable Light", 0xD70393F3),
+        # From cover/cover.cpp
+        ("Garage Door", 0x53987A5D),
+        ("Window Blind", 0x851291A5),
+        # From switch/switch.cpp
+        ("Relay", 0xD3A92FE4),
+        ("Power Switch", 0x5C4A47B3),
+        # From number/automation.cpp
+        ("Brightness", 0xF46E252C),
+        ("Volume", 0x8FFEBE43),
+        # From template datetime entities
+        ("Wake Time", 0xEE612B53),
+        ("Schedule Date", 0xF538C8DD),
+    ],
+)
+def test_entity_object_id_hash_stability(
+    entity_name: str, expected_object_id_hash: int
+) -> None:
+    """Verify fnv1_hash_object_id produces stable hashes for entity names.
+
+    CRITICAL: These expected values MUST NOT CHANGE. Existing devices have
+    preferences stored under keys derived from this hash, and it is the entity
+    key sent to API clients; changing it loses stored preferences and breaks
+    entity state routing.
+    """
+    actual = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name)
+    assert actual == expected_object_id_hash, (
+        f"Hash for '{entity_name}' changed from {expected_object_id_hash:#010x} to {actual:#010x}. "
+        f"This will cause users to lose stored preferences!"
+    )
+
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Test: Legacy preference key computation formula
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+def compute_legacy_preference_key(
+    entity_name: str, version: int = 0, device_id: int = 0
+) -> int:
+    """Compute the legacy preference key: (object_id_hash ^ device_id) ^ version.
+
+    This is the key EntityBase::make_entity_preference_() (entity_base.cpp)
+    stores every entity preference under.
+    """
+    object_id_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name)
+    preference_hash = object_id_hash ^ device_id
+    key = preference_hash ^ version
+    return key & 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+
+# Restore state version constants from ESPHome components
+# These MUST match the RESTORE_STATE_VERSION values in the C++ code
+FAN_RESTORE_STATE_VERSION = 0x71700ABA  # From fan/fan.cpp
+CLIMATE_RESTORE_STATE_VERSION = 0x848EA6AD  # From climate/climate.cpp
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("entity_name", "version", "device_id", "expected_key"),
+    [
+        # No version, main device (key equals the plain object_id hash)
+        ("Test Sensor", 0, 0, 0x5D74FA46),
+        ("Light", 0, 0, 0x735CF023),
+        # Restore state versions on the main device
+        ("Ceiling Fan", FAN_RESTORE_STATE_VERSION, 0, 0x157DE5BA),
+        ("HVAC", CLIMATE_RESTORE_STATE_VERSION, 0, 0x59E6E526),
+        # Sub-devices: same entity name on different devices gets different keys
+        ("Light", 0, 1, 0x735CF022),
+        ("Fan", FAN_RESTORE_STATE_VERSION, 0xABCD, 0x37FFC6F7),
+    ],
+)
+def test_legacy_preference_key_computation(
+    entity_name: str, version: int, device_id: int, expected_key: int
+) -> None:
+    """Verify legacy preference key computation matches expected values.
+
+    This test ensures the formula doesn't change, which would lose stored
+    preferences on every platform.
+    """
+    actual_key = compute_legacy_preference_key(entity_name, version, device_id)
+
+    assert actual_key == expected_key, (
+        f"Preference key for '{entity_name}' (version={version:#x}, device_id={device_id}) "
+        f"changed from {expected_key:#010x} to {actual_key:#010x}. "
+        f"This will cause users to lose stored preferences!"
+    )
+
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Test: fnv1_hash_name produces stable entity keys (raw name, UTF-8 bytes)
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("entity_name", "expected_key"),
+    [
+        # ASCII names
+        ("Temperature Sensor", 0x801C3665),
+        ("LED Strip", 0xD5C7B082),
+        ("Garage Door", 0x2D70E086),
+        ("Relay", 0x565177C4),
+        # Raw names are case and space sensitive, unlike the old object_id hash
+        ("temperature sensor", 0xF9F431E5),
+        # Non-ASCII names hash their UTF-8 bytes and stay distinct
+        ("Датчик открытия", 0x001861C1),
+        ("温度", 0x8EDF61C9),
+        ("Température", 0x531A74AA),
+        # Empty name hashes to the FNV-1 offset basis
+        ("", 0x811C9DC5),
+    ],
+)
+def test_entity_key_hash_stability(entity_name: str, expected_key: int) -> None:
+    """Verify fnv1_hash_name produces stable raw-name hashes.
+
+    CRITICAL: These expected values MUST NOT CHANGE. 2026.8 beta firmware stored
+    preferences under keys derived from this hash; a future key migration must
+    reconstruct those keys, and changing the algorithm would strand that data.
+    Matched C++ fnv1_hash_bytes() (2026.8 beta), which the unrevert restores.
+    """
+    actual = fnv1_hash_name(entity_name)
+    assert actual == expected_key, (
+        f"Entity key for '{entity_name}' changed from {expected_key:#010x} to {actual:#010x}. "
+        f"This breaks state routing and stored preferences!"
+    )
+
+
+def test_fnv1_hash_name_matches_utf8_byte_hash() -> None:
+    """Verify fnv1_hash_name hashes the UTF-8 encoded bytes of the name."""
+    name = "Température 温度"
+    hash_value = FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS
+    for byte in name.encode("utf-8"):
+        hash_value = (hash_value * FNV1_PRIME) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        hash_value ^= byte
+    assert fnv1_hash_name(name) == hash_value
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_preferences.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_preferences.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..677eeee7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_preferences.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.preferences storage backend selection."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import preferences
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_ESP32
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C61,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_STORAGE,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    KEY_VARIANT,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+def _set_platform(platform: str) -> None:
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform}
+
+
+def _set_esp32(variant: str) -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_ESP32)
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: variant}
+
+
+def _validate(value: dict):
+    return cv.Schema(preferences.storage_schema())(value)
+
+
+def _define_names() -> set[str]:
+    return {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+
+
+def test_is_in_flash() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
+    assert preferences.is_in_flash(preferences.STORAGE_FLASH) is True
+    assert preferences.is_in_flash(preferences.STORAGE_RTC) is False
+    # The RTC storage define is ESP32-specific.
+    assert "USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES" not in _define_names()
+
+
+def test_is_in_flash_esp32_rtc_emits_define() -> None:
+    _set_esp32(VARIANT_ESP32)
+    assert preferences.is_in_flash(preferences.STORAGE_FLASH) is True
+    assert "USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES" not in _define_names()
+    assert preferences.is_in_flash(preferences.STORAGE_RTC) is False
+    assert "USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES" in _define_names()
+
+
+def test_request_rtc_storage_esp32_only() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
+    preferences.request_rtc_storage()
+    # ESP8266 always has its RTC backend; no define is needed or emitted.
+    assert "USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES" not in _define_names()
+
+
+def test_request_rtc_storage_esp32_emits_define() -> None:
+    _set_esp32(VARIANT_ESP32)
+    preferences.request_rtc_storage()
+    assert "USE_ESP32_RTC_PREFERENCES" in _define_names()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("variant", [VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32C3])
+def test_validate_rtc_storage_accepted(variant: str) -> None:
+    _set_esp32(variant)
+    assert preferences.validate_rtc_storage(True) is True
+    assert preferences.validate_rtc_storage(False) is False
+
+
+def test_validate_rtc_storage_esp8266() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
+    # Tolerated no-op: the ESP8266 backend always has RTC storage.
+    assert preferences.validate_rtc_storage(True) is True
+    # But it cannot be disabled, so an explicit false is an error.
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="always enabled on ESP8266"):
+        preferences.validate_rtc_storage(False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("variant", [VARIANT_ESP32C2, VARIANT_ESP32C61])
+def test_validate_rtc_storage_rejected_without_rtc_memory(variant: str) -> None:
+    _set_esp32(variant)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on this platform"):
+        preferences.validate_rtc_storage(True)
+    # Disabling it is always fine.
+    assert preferences.validate_rtc_storage(False) is False
+
+
+def test_validate_rtc_storage_rejected_on_unsupported_platform() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on this platform"):
+        preferences.validate_rtc_storage(True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Defaults preserve each platform's historic behavior.
+        (PLATFORM_ESP8266, preferences.STORAGE_RTC),
+        (PLATFORM_RP2040, preferences.STORAGE_FLASH),
+    ],
+)
+def test_default_storage_per_platform(platform: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    _set_platform(platform)
+    assert _validate({})[CONF_STORAGE] == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("variant", [VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32C2])
+def test_default_storage_esp32_is_flash(variant: str) -> None:
+    # ESP32 defaults to flash on every variant, including those without RTC memory.
+    _set_esp32(variant)
+    assert _validate({})[CONF_STORAGE] == preferences.STORAGE_FLASH
+
+
+def test_rtc_allowed_on_esp8266() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
+    assert _validate({CONF_STORAGE: "rtc"})[CONF_STORAGE] == preferences.STORAGE_RTC
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("variant", [VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32C3])
+def test_rtc_allowed_on_esp32_with_rtc_memory(variant: str) -> None:
+    _set_esp32(variant)
+    assert _validate({CONF_STORAGE: "rtc"})[CONF_STORAGE] == preferences.STORAGE_RTC
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("variant", [VARIANT_ESP32C2, VARIANT_ESP32C61])
+def test_rtc_rejected_on_esp32_without_rtc_memory(variant: str) -> None:
+    _set_esp32(variant)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on this platform"):
+        _validate({CONF_STORAGE: "rtc"})
+
+
+def test_rtc_rejected_on_unsupported_platform() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported on this platform"):
+        _validate({CONF_STORAGE: "rtc"})
+
+
+def test_flash_allowed_on_unsupported_platform() -> None:
+    _set_platform(PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    assert _validate({CONF_STORAGE: "flash"})[CONF_STORAGE] == preferences.STORAGE_FLASH
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_resolver.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_resolver.py
index 7862c268ca..16294a3813 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_resolver.py
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
 import socket
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import ANY, patch
 
 from aioesphomeapi.core import ResolveAPIError, ResolveTimeoutAPIError
 from aioesphomeapi.host_resolver import AddrInfo, IPv4Sockaddr, IPv6Sockaddr
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.async_thread import AsyncDispatchTimeout
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 from esphome.resolver import RESOLVE_TIMEOUT, AsyncResolver
 
@@ -116,20 +117,17 @@ def test_async_resolver_generic_exception() -> None:
 
 def test_async_resolver_thread_timeout() -> None:
     """Test timeout when the runner thread doesn't complete in time."""
-    # Patch AsyncThreadRunner inside esphome.resolver so we never actually
-    # start a thread and can control the wait return value directly.
-    fake_runner = MagicMock()
-    fake_runner.start = MagicMock()
-    fake_runner.event.wait.return_value = False  # simulate timeout
-
+    # Patch run_async inside esphome.resolver so we never actually start a
+    # thread and can simulate the wait timing out.
     with (
-        patch("esphome.resolver.AsyncThreadRunner", return_value=fake_runner),
-        patch("esphome.resolver.hr.async_resolve_host"),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.resolver.run_async", side_effect=AsyncDispatchTimeout
+        ) as mock_run,
         pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match=re.escape("Timeout resolving IP address")),
     ):
         AsyncResolver(["test.local"], 6053).resolve()
 
-    fake_runner.start.assert_called_once()
+    mock_run.assert_called_once_with(ANY, timeout=RESOLVE_TIMEOUT + 1.0)
 
 
 def test_async_resolver_ip_addresses(mock_addr_info_ipv4: AddrInfo) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py
index 933be88476..0c0852a191 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py
@@ -126,3 +126,20 @@ def test_print_summary_handles_no_memory_types(
     size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, {"image_size": 0})
     print_summary(size_json, partitions_csv=None)
     assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
+
+
+def test_print_summary_flash_line(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A partition table with an app row yields the Flash line in the exact
+    padded shape script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py greps."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
+    partitions = tmp_path / "partitions.csv"
+    partitions.write_text(
+        "# name, type, subtype, offset, size, flags\n"
+        "app0, app, ota_0, 0x10000, 0x1C0000,\n"
+    )
+    print_summary(size_json, partitions)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "Flash: " in out
+    assert "(used 827455 bytes from 1835008 bytes)" in out
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_stacktrace.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_stacktrace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b11ac3f83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_stacktrace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.stacktrace."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+import inspect
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+from hypothesis import given, settings
+from hypothesis.strategies import data as st_data, from_regex
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import stacktrace
+from esphome.const import (
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
+)
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+
+CONFIG = {"esphome": {"name": "test"}}
+
+# Real dump lines per registered platform; the gate must fire on each.
+# "addresses" are decoder-consumed dump lines, "state_markers" open a
+# decoder's dump region, and "extra_triggers" fire the gate without a
+# decoder pattern (the stored-dump banner). A new decoder declares its
+# lines here so drift fails in CI instead of in the field.
+CRASH_SAMPLES: dict[str, dict[str, list[str]]] = {
+    PLATFORM_ESP32: {
+        "state_markers": [],
+        "extra_triggers": ["*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***"],
+        "addresses": [
+            "Backtrace: 0x400d1a2c:0x3ffb1f60 0x400d2a3c:0x3ffb1f80",
+            "PC      : 0x400d1a2c  PS      : 0x00060330",
+            "EXCVADDR: 0x40001234",
+            "MEPC    : 0x40380abc  RA      : 0x40380def",
+            "MTVAL   : 0x40000123",
+            "last failed alloc call: 40201234(512)",
+            "BT0: 0x40104960",
+        ],
+    },
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266: {
+        "state_markers": [">>>stack>>>"],
+        "extra_triggers": ["*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***"],
+        "addresses": [
+            "epc1=0x40201234 epc2=0x00000000 excvaddr=0x40001234",
+            "3ffffe10: 40201234 3ffe8410 00000000 40201000",
+            "PC      : 40201234",
+            "EXCVADDR: 0x40001234",
+            "BT0: 0x40201234",
+            "last failed alloc call: 40201234(512)",
+            "Exception (28):",
+        ],
+    },
+    PLATFORM_RP2: {
+        "state_markers": ["CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT"],
+        "addresses": ["PC:  0x10001234 (fault location)"],
+    },
+    PLATFORM_NRF52: {
+        "state_markers": ["Last crash:"],
+        "addresses": [
+            # %08x zero-pads even a vector-table PC past the {3,} bound.
+            "PC=0x00000050 LR=0x00000000",
+            # Synthetic short form; pins the bound's lower edge.
+            "PC=0x27a1c LR=0x1e33",
+        ],
+    },
+}
+
+BENIGN_LINES = [
+    "[I][app:100] hello world",
+    "[C][wifi:400]   BSSID: AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF",
+    "[19:26:11.966][I][main:151]: version 2026.7.0-dev",
+    "[I][app:102]: Uptime: 12345678 ms",
+    "[I][app:102]: Uptime: 41234567 ms",
+    "[V][esp-idf:000]: I (40219876) wifi: connected",
+    "[D][api:102]: Client connected (40123456)",
+    "[D][sensor:093]: 'Water meter': Sending state 12345678.00000 L",
+    # No internal word boundary; the bare-8-hex branch must not fire.
+    "[I][ota:117]: MD5 of binary: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
+    # Short 0x tokens (BLE handles); the 3-digit minimum keeps them out.
+    "[D][ble:200]: Connection handle 0x1F, MTU 23",
+    "[C][network:600]:   IPv6: fe80::1a2b:3c4d:5e6f:7a8b",
+    "[C][ota:097]:   Version: 2026.7.0",
+]
+
+GATE_PARAMS = [
+    pytest.param(platform, line, True, id=f"{platform}-{kind}-{n}")
+    for platform, samples in CRASH_SAMPLES.items()
+    for kind in ("addresses", "state_markers", "extra_triggers")
+    for n, line in enumerate(samples.get(kind, []))
+] + [
+    pytest.param(platform, line, False, id=f"benign-{platform}-{n}")
+    for platform in CRASH_SAMPLES
+    for n, line in enumerate(BENIGN_LINES)
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("platform", "line", "should_fire"), GATE_PARAMS)
+def test_platform_gate(platform: str, line: str, should_fire: bool) -> None:
+    gate = re.compile(stacktrace.platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES[platform])
+    assert bool(gate.search(line)) is should_fire
+
+
+def test_gates_are_platform_scoped() -> None:
+    """Another platform's markers must not fire an esp32 session's gate."""
+    esp32_gate = re.compile(stacktrace.platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES[PLATFORM_ESP32])
+    for line in (
+        ">>>stack>>>",
+        "Last crash:",
+        "Exception (28):",
+        "3ffffe10: 40201234 3ffe8410 00000000 40201000",
+    ):
+        assert not esp32_gate.search(line)
+
+
+def _top_level_branches(pattern: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Split a regex source on alternations outside groups and classes."""
+    branches: list[str] = []
+    depth = 0
+    in_class = False
+    esc = False
+    start = 0
+    for i, ch in enumerate(pattern):
+        if esc:
+            esc = False
+        elif ch == "\\":
+            esc = True
+        elif in_class:
+            in_class = ch != "]"
+        elif ch == "[":
+            in_class = True
+        elif ch == "(":
+            depth += 1
+        elif ch == ")":
+            depth -= 1
+        elif ch == "|" and depth == 0:
+            branches.append(pattern[start:i])
+            start = i + 1
+    branches.append(pattern[start:])
+    return branches
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", sorted(CRASH_SAMPLES))
+def test_every_gate_branch_is_exercised(platform: str) -> None:
+    """Every gate branch must be hit by a sample; the superset checks
+    stay green when a typoed alternation matches nothing.
+    """
+    samples = CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]
+    lines = [line for kind in samples for line in samples[kind]]
+    branches = _top_level_branches(stacktrace.platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES[platform])
+    assert len(branches) > 1
+    for branch in branches:
+        assert any(re.search(branch, line) for line in lines), (
+            f"no {platform} sample exercises gate branch {branch!r}; add one "
+            "or drop the dead branch"
+        )
+
+
+# In-tree sources that print each marker literal the gates key on;
+# esp8266's >>>stack>>> comes from the Arduino core, outside this tree.
+FIRMWARE_MARKER_SOURCES = {
+    "CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT": (
+        "esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp",
+        "esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp",
+        "esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.cpp",
+    ),
+    "Last crash:": ("esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp",),
+}
+
+
+def test_gate_markers_match_firmware_output() -> None:
+    """A reworded firmware banner must fail here, not in the field;
+    every regex-level guard stays green when the C++ side drifts.
+    """
+    root = Path(__file__).parents[2]
+    for marker, sources in FIRMWARE_MARKER_SOURCES.items():
+        for source in sources:
+            text = (root / source).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+            assert marker in text, (
+                f"{source} no longer prints {marker!r}; update the gates and "
+                "samples to the new banner"
+            )
+
+
+def test_crash_samples_cover_registry() -> None:
+    """A newly registered decoder must come with a non-empty gate sample."""
+    assert set(CRASH_SAMPLES) == set(stacktrace.platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES)
+    assert set(stacktrace.platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES) == set(
+        stacktrace.platform_hooks.PLATFORM_HOOKS["process_stacktrace"]
+    )
+    assert all(samples["addresses"] for samples in CRASH_SAMPLES.values())
+
+
+# The stacktrace pattern constants each decoder module exports. The
+# samples and these patterns must cover each other, so an edit on either
+# side fails the guards below instead of quietly widening the gap
+# between the gate and the decoders.
+DECODER_PATTERNS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+    PLATFORM_ESP32: [
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_PC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_EXCVADDR_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_PC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_RA_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_C3_MTVAL_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_BAD_ALLOC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_BACKTRACE_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_BACKTRACE_PC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP32_CRASH_BT_RE",
+    ],
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266: [
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_EXCEPTION_TYPE_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_PC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_EXCVADDR_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_CRASH_PC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_CRASH_EXCVADDR_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_CRASH_BT_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_BAD_ALLOC_RE",
+        "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_BACKTRACE_PC_RE",
+    ],
+    PLATFORM_RP2: ["_CRASH_RE", "_CRASH_ADDR_RE"],
+    PLATFORM_NRF52: ["STACKTRACE_NRF52_PC_LR_RE"],
+}
+
+# Declared decoder patterns whose language the gate deliberately does
+# not cover: bare stack-dump words, where the gate keys on the dump
+# line's 3ff... stack address instead and a lone letter-free word never
+# appears outside a dump region whose other lines already fired.
+GATE_EXEMPT_PATTERNS = {
+    "STACKTRACE_ESP32_BACKTRACE_PC_RE",
+    "STACKTRACE_ESP8266_BACKTRACE_PC_RE",
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", sorted(CRASH_SAMPLES))
+def test_platform_declarations_match_decoder(platform: str) -> None:
+    r"""Samples, declared patterns, and the decoder must agree.
+
+    Checks: declared patterns exist, samples and patterns cover each
+    other, no stacktrace pattern is undeclared, markers open the dump
+    region, and a state-setting decoder declares a marker.
+
+    Known blind spots: the catch-all backtrace patterns can satisfy the
+    sample direction alone; the undeclared sweep keys off naming; the
+    state-gating check is a textual heuristic (pinned against
+    respelling by the declared-markers direction); a second opening
+    marker beside a declared one passes unnoticed; and the generative
+    guard draws full matches, so trailing word characters defeating the
+    pointer branch's ``\b`` are invisible to it.
+    """
+    module = importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}")
+    patterns: dict[str, re.Pattern] = {}
+    for name in DECODER_PATTERNS[platform]:
+        pattern = getattr(module, name, None)
+        if pattern is None:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"{platform} no longer defines {name}; update DECODER_PATTERNS "
+                "and CRASH_SAMPLES together"
+            )
+        patterns[name] = pattern
+
+    lines = (
+        CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]["state_markers"] + CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]["addresses"]
+    )
+    for line in CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]["addresses"]:
+        assert any(p.search(line) for p in patterns.values()), (
+            f"{line!r} no longer matches any {platform} decoder pattern; "
+            "update CRASH_SAMPLES and re-derive the gate"
+        )
+    for name, pattern in patterns.items():
+        assert any(pattern.search(line) for line in lines), (
+            f"no sample exercises {platform}.{name}; add one so the gate "
+            "provably covers it"
+        )
+    undeclared = [
+        name
+        for name, value in vars(module).items()
+        if isinstance(value, re.Pattern)
+        and ("STACKTRACE" in name or name.startswith("_CRASH"))
+        and name not in DECODER_PATTERNS[platform]
+    ]
+    assert not undeclared, (
+        f"{platform} gained stacktrace patterns {undeclared}; declare them in "
+        "DECODER_PATTERNS with samples"
+    )
+
+    for marker in CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]["state_markers"]:
+        assert module.process_stacktrace(CONFIG, marker, False) is True, (
+            f"{marker!r} no longer opens {platform}'s dump region; update "
+            "state_markers to the line the decoder actually keys on"
+        )
+    # Textual heuristic, deliberately one-directional: a state-gated
+    # decoder must declare a marker. The reverse (a stateless decoder
+    # declaring none) is not asserted; an unrelated "return True" added
+    # to a decoder would turn it into a false failure.
+    source = inspect.getsource(module.process_stacktrace)
+    sets_state = "return True" in source or "backtrace_state = True" in source
+    if CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]["state_markers"]:
+        # The heuristic fails open on a respelling (return bool(...));
+        # pinning it against the decoders known to be state-gated today
+        # turns a silent disarm into a failure that names the fix.
+        assert sets_state, (
+            f"{platform}.process_stacktrace declares state_markers but the "
+            "state-gating heuristic no longer recognises it; update the "
+            "spelling list in this test"
+        )
+    if sets_state:
+        assert CRASH_SAMPLES[platform]["state_markers"], (
+            f"{platform}.process_stacktrace is state-gated but declares no "
+            "state_markers; the gate cannot promise to open its dump region"
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "name"),
+    [
+        (platform, name)
+        for platform, names in DECODER_PATTERNS.items()
+        for name in names
+        if name not in GATE_EXEMPT_PATTERNS
+    ],
+)
+@given(data=st_data())
+@settings(max_examples=25, deadline=None)
+def test_address_gate_covers_decoder_pattern_languages(
+    platform: str, name: str, data
+) -> None:
+    """Each platform's gate must be a superset of its decoder patterns;
+    generated inputs catch a widened decoder the finite samples miss.
+    """
+    pattern = getattr(importlib.import_module(f"esphome.components.{platform}"), name)
+    example = data.draw(from_regex(pattern, fullmatch=True))
+    gate = re.compile(stacktrace.platform_hooks.STACKTRACE_GATES[platform])
+    assert gate.search(example), (
+        f"{platform}.{name} accepts {example!r} but the {platform} gate does "
+        "not fire; decoding would silently never start on that form"
+    )
+
+
+def _run(
+    handler,
+    platform: str = PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    lines: tuple[str, ...] = ("PC: 0x4010496e",),
+) -> stacktrace.LogLineProcessor:
+    """Processor with the resolver stubbed, fed the given lines."""
+    with patch.object(
+        stacktrace.platform_hooks, "get_stacktrace_handler", return_value=handler
+    ):
+        processor = stacktrace.LogLineProcessor(CONFIG, platform)
+        for line in lines:
+            processor.process_line(line)
+    return processor
+
+
+def _fed(handler) -> list[str]:
+    return [call.args[1] for call in handler.call_args_list]
+
+
+def _warnings(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> list[str]:
+    return [r.message for r in caplog.records if r.levelname == "WARNING"]
+
+
+def test_decoder_contains_failures_and_short_circuits() -> None:
+    """One decode failure is contained and never retried; a retry per
+    backtrace line would stall streaming on a failing subprocess.
+    """
+    handler = Mock(side_effect=EsphomeError("no idedata"))
+    processor = _run(
+        handler, lines=("PC: 0x4010496e", "BT0: 0x4010496e", "BT1: 0x401049aa")
+    )
+
+    assert handler.call_count == 1
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
+
+
+def test_decoder_swallows_os_error_with_remediation_hint(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An OSError (missing build tree) is the user's environment, not a
+    decoder bug; it must keep the recompile hint.
+    """
+    handler = Mock(
+        side_effect=FileNotFoundError(2, "No such file or directory", "/build")
+    )
+    processor = _run(handler, lines=("PC: 0x4010496e", "BT0: 0x4010496e"))
+
+    assert handler.call_count == 1
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
+    warnings = _warnings(caplog)
+    assert any("esphome compile" in m for m in warnings)
+    assert not any("this is a bug" in m for m in warnings)
+
+
+def test_decoder_warning_uses_fallback_for_empty_error(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A bare EsphomeError must not render as empty parens."""
+    _run(Mock(side_effect=EsphomeError()))
+
+    warnings = _warnings(caplog)
+    assert any("build artifacts not found locally" in m for m in warnings)
+    assert not any("()" in m for m in warnings)
+
+
+def test_decoder_bug_with_empty_message_names_the_type(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A decoder bug says so instead of sending the user down the
+    dead-end recompile path.
+    """
+    _run(Mock(side_effect=IndexError()))
+
+    warnings = _warnings(caplog)
+    assert any("IndexError" in m and "this is a bug" in m for m in warnings)
+    assert not any("esphome compile" in m for m in warnings)
+
+
+def test_decoder_bug_warning_keeps_the_type_with_a_message(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The type must survive a non-empty message; a bare KeyError message
+    like 'prog_path' reads as a raised string in a bug report paste.
+    """
+    _run(Mock(side_effect=KeyError("prog_path")))
+
+    warnings = _warnings(caplog)
+    assert any("KeyError: 'prog_path'" in m for m in warnings)
+
+
+def test_marker_then_address_threads_state() -> None:
+    """A state marker resolves the decoder live and threads state to
+    the following stack words.
+    """
+    handler = Mock(side_effect=[True, True])
+    processor = _run(
+        handler,
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+        lines=(">>>stack>>>", "3ffffe10: 40201234 3ffe8410 00000000 40201000"),
+    )
+
+    assert _fed(handler) == [
+        ">>>stack>>>",
+        "3ffffe10: 40201234 3ffe8410 00000000 40201000",
+    ]
+    assert handler.call_args_list[0].args[2] is False
+    assert handler.call_args_list[1].args[2] is True
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is True
+
+
+def test_lines_before_the_gate_never_reach_the_decoder() -> None:
+    """Benign lines are dropped, not buffered."""
+    handler = Mock(return_value=False)
+    quiet = tuple(f"quiet line {n}" for n in range(12))
+    _run(handler, lines=quiet + ("PC: 0x4010496e",))
+
+    assert _fed(handler) == ["PC: 0x4010496e"]
+
+
+def test_processor_resolves_lazily_on_address_token() -> None:
+    """No resolution attempt until a line carries an address token."""
+    handler = Mock(return_value=False)
+
+    with patch.object(
+        stacktrace.platform_hooks, "get_stacktrace_handler", return_value=handler
+    ) as mock_resolve:
+        processor = stacktrace.LogLineProcessor(CONFIG, PLATFORM_ESP32)
+        processor.process_line("[I][app:100] hello world")
+        mock_resolve.assert_not_called()
+
+        processor.process_line("PC: 0x40104960")
+        mock_resolve.assert_called_once_with(PLATFORM_ESP32)
+
+        # Later lines feed the resolved handler directly, no re-resolution.
+        processor.process_line("[I][app:101] back to normal")
+        mock_resolve.assert_called_once()
+
+    assert _fed(handler) == ["PC: 0x40104960", "[I][app:101] back to normal"]
+
+
+def test_processor_unexpected_resolution_error_disables_decoding(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Resolution is inside the containment guarantee like everything else."""
+    with patch.object(
+        stacktrace.platform_hooks,
+        "get_stacktrace_handler",
+        side_effect=OSError("filesystem went away"),
+    ) as mock_resolve:
+        processor = stacktrace.LogLineProcessor(CONFIG, PLATFORM_ESP32)
+        processor.process_line("PC: 0x40104960")
+        processor.process_line("BT0: 0x40104960")
+
+    mock_resolve.assert_called_once()
+    warnings = _warnings(caplog)
+    assert len(warnings) == 1
+    assert "could not be loaded" in warnings[0]
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
+
+
+def test_processor_import_failure_disables_decoding(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broken platform package degrades once instead of raising."""
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks")
+
+    with patch.object(
+        stacktrace.platform_hooks,
+        "import_module",
+        Mock(side_effect=ImportError("broken install")),
+    ) as mock_import:
+        processor = stacktrace.LogLineProcessor(CONFIG, PLATFORM_ESP32)
+        processor.process_line("PC: 0x40104960")
+        processor.process_line("BT0: 0x40104960")
+
+    mock_import.assert_called_once()
+    assert "Stacktrace analysis is unavailable" in caplog.text
+    assert "broken install" in caplog.text
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
+
+
+def test_processor_registry_miss_disables_at_construction(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Platforms the registry proves have no analyzer disable up front.
+
+    The unavailable notice fires at session start (as it always did) and
+    the per-line gate never runs.
+    """
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks")
+
+    with patch.object(stacktrace.platform_hooks, "import_module") as mock_import:
+        processor = stacktrace.LogLineProcessor(CONFIG, PLATFORM_BK72XX)
+        processor.process_line("PC: 0x40104960")
+
+    mock_import.assert_not_called()
+    assert "Stacktrace analysis is unavailable" in caplog.text
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
+
+
+def test_external_platform_resolves_at_construction(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """External platforms resolve eagerly; the gates cannot speak for an
+    external decoder and the import belongs off the streaming callback.
+    """
+    caplog.set_level("INFO", logger="esphome.platform_hooks")
+    module = type("ExternalPlatform", (), {})  # no process_stacktrace
+
+    with patch.object(
+        stacktrace.platform_hooks,
+        "import_module",
+        Mock(return_value=module),
+    ) as mock_import:
+        processor = stacktrace.LogLineProcessor(CONFIG, "my_external_chip")
+        mock_import.assert_called_once()
+        assert "Stacktrace analysis is unavailable" in caplog.text
+
+        processor.process_line("PC: 0x40104960")
+
+    mock_import.assert_called_once()
+    assert processor.backtrace_state is False
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py
index 01683507c1..857795d02f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_storage_json.py
@@ -915,3 +915,102 @@ def test_storage_json_load_area(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     legacy = storage_json.StorageJSON.load(legacy_path)
     assert legacy is not None
     assert legacy.area is None
+
+
+def test_from_esphome_core_without_claiming_a_build(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """claim_build=False carries the build artifact fields from the old
+    sidecar while validation-derived fields still stamp from CORE."""
+    mock_core = MagicMock()
+    mock_core.name = "my_device"
+    mock_core.friendly_name = "My Device"
+    mock_core.comment = None
+    mock_core.address = "my_device.local"
+    mock_core.web_port = None
+    mock_core.target_platform = "esp8266"
+    mock_core.is_esp32 = False
+    mock_core.is_nrf52 = False
+    mock_core.build_path = "/build/my_device"
+    mock_core.loaded_integrations = set()
+    mock_core.loaded_platforms = set()
+    mock_core.config = {}
+    mock_core.target_framework = "arduino"
+    mock_core.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    mock_core.area = None
+
+    old = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_wizard(
+        name="my_device",
+        friendly_name="My Device",
+        address="my_device.local",
+        platform="ESP8266",
+    )
+    old.esphome_version = "2025.1.0"
+    old.firmware_bin_path = Path("/old/firmware.bin")
+
+    result = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_esphome_core(
+        mock_core, old, claim_build=False
+    )
+
+    # Build artifact fields carry from the old sidecar, not this run.
+    assert result.esphome_version == "2025.1.0"
+    assert result.firmware_bin_path == Path("/old/firmware.bin")
+    # Validation-derived fields stamp from CORE.
+    assert result.build_path == "/build/my_device"
+    assert result.toolchain == "platformio"
+    assert result.core_platform == "esp8266"
+
+    # With no old sidecar, no build is claimed at all.
+    bare = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_esphome_core(
+        mock_core, None, claim_build=False
+    )
+    assert bare.esphome_version is None
+    assert bare.firmware_bin_path is None
+
+
+def test_load_strict_distinguishes_missing_from_unreadable(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """load_strict returns None only for a missing file; corrupt raises."""
+    assert storage_json.StorageJSON.load_strict(tmp_path / "missing.json") is None
+
+    corrupt = tmp_path / "corrupt.json"
+    corrupt.write_text("{truncated")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        storage_json.StorageJSON.load_strict(corrupt)
+
+
+def test_as_dict_serializes_unset_paths_as_null(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """Unset build/firmware paths serialize as JSON null, not str(None)."""
+    storage = storage_json.StorageJSON.from_wizard(
+        name="wiz",
+        friendly_name="Wiz",
+        address="wiz.local",
+        platform="ESP32",
+    )
+
+    result = storage.as_dict()
+
+    assert result["build_path"] is None
+    assert result["firmware_bin_path"] is None
+
+
+def test_load_treats_legacy_none_string_paths_as_unset(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Sidecars written before as_dict emitted null hold str(None); those
+    must load as unset, not as Path("None")."""
+    file_path = tmp_path / "legacy_none.json"
+    file_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(
+            {
+                "storage_version": 1,
+                "name": "wiz",
+                "friendly_name": "Wiz",
+                "esp_platform": "ESP32",
+                "core_platform": "esp32",
+                "build_path": "None",
+                "firmware_bin_path": "None",
+            }
+        )
+    )
+
+    result = storage_json.StorageJSON.load(file_path)
+
+    assert result is not None
+    assert result.build_path is None
+    assert result.firmware_bin_path is None
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
index baaa99f2a7..73c6e496a9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from collections import ChainMap
+from fnmatch import fnmatchcase
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ def test_validate_config_captures_user_config_snapshot(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """
     test_config = _get_test_minimal_valid_config(tmp_path)
 
-    result = config_module.validate_config(test_config, None)
+    result = config_module.validate_config(test_config, None, snapshot_user_config=True)
 
     # Snapshot is populated.
     assert result.user_config is not None
@@ -391,7 +393,7 @@ def test_validate_config_user_config_snapshot_is_deep_copy(tmp_path: Path) -> No
     """
     test_config = _get_test_minimal_valid_config(tmp_path)
 
-    result = config_module.validate_config(test_config, None)
+    result = config_module.validate_config(test_config, None, snapshot_user_config=True)
 
     assert result.user_config is not None
     # preload_core_config injected build_path onto the validated config.
@@ -402,6 +404,32 @@ def test_validate_config_user_config_snapshot_is_deep_copy(tmp_path: Path) -> No
     assert result["esphome"] is not result.user_config["esphome"]
 
 
+def test_validate_config_snapshot_without_substitutions(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The snapshot works for configs that have no substitutions block."""
+    test_config = _get_test_minimal_valid_config(tmp_path)
+    del test_config[CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS]
+
+    result = config_module.validate_config(test_config, None, snapshot_user_config=True)
+
+    assert result.user_config is not None
+    assert CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS not in result.user_config
+    assert result.user_config["esphome"] == {"name": "test_device"}
+
+
+def test_validate_config_skips_user_config_snapshot_by_default(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Without ``snapshot_user_config`` the deep copy is skipped entirely;
+    only ``esphome config --no-defaults`` needs the snapshot and the copy is
+    too expensive to take on every load.
+    """
+    test_config = _get_test_minimal_valid_config(tmp_path)
+
+    result = config_module.validate_config(test_config, None)
+
+    assert result.user_config is None
+
+
 def test_merge_config_preserves_ordered_dict() -> None:
     """Test that merge_config preserves OrderedDict type.
 
@@ -716,6 +744,25 @@ def test_include_filename_substitution_undefined_var(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config)
 
 
+def test_include_filename_jinja_expression_with_path_separator(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A jinja !include whose string literals contain "/" resolves correctly (issue #18545)."""
+    main_file = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    main_file.write_text(
+        "substitutions:\n"
+        "  enable_bluetooth_proxy: true\n"
+        "result: !include "
+        '${ "bluetooth/proxy.yaml" if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }\n'
+    )
+    (tmp_path / "bluetooth").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "bluetooth" / "proxy.yaml").write_text("value: 42\n")
+
+    config = yaml_util.load_yaml(main_file)
+    config = substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config)
+    assert config["result"] == {"value": 42}
+
+
 def test_raise_first_undefined_logs_extras_at_debug(
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
@@ -961,3 +1008,134 @@ def test_remote_package_scalar_yaml_raises_helpful_error(
     msg = str(exc_info.value)
     assert "mapping at the top level" in msg
     assert "file1.yaml" in msg
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        pytest.param("wifi.yaml", ["wifi.yaml"], id="literal_passthrough"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "keys/${system_name}.yaml", ["keys/*.yaml"], id="embedded_substitution"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "network/${eth_model}/config.yaml",
+            ["network/*/config.yaml"],
+            id="directory_substitution",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "device-$platform.yaml", ["device-*.yaml"], id="unbraced_substitution"
+        ),
+        pytest.param("${a}${b}.yaml", ["*.yaml"], id="adjacent_wildcards_collapse"),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "a.yaml" if x else "../empty.yaml" }',
+            ["a.yaml", "../empty.yaml"],
+            id="conditional_literals",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            'pre-${ "a" if c else "b" }.yaml',
+            ["pre-a.yaml", "pre-b.yaml"],
+            id="conditional_spliced",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "x.yaml" if a else ("y.yaml" if b else "z.yaml") }',
+            ["x.yaml", "y.yaml", "z.yaml"],
+            id="nested_conditional",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "same.yaml" if x else "same.yaml" }',
+            ["same.yaml"],
+            id="duplicate_literals_dedupe",
+        ),
+        pytest.param('${ "a.yaml" if x }', ["a.yaml"], id="conditional_no_else"),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "NO BLUETOOTH SUPPORT ON ESP8266.yaml"'
+            ' if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }',
+            ["NO BLUETOOTH SUPPORT ON ESP8266.yaml", "../empty.yaml"],
+            id="issue_17650_verbatim",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "" if x else "b.yaml" }', ["b.yaml"], id="empty_literal_dropped"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "keys\\${system_name}.yaml",
+            ["keys\\*.yaml"],
+            id="backslash_separator",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "it\'s.yaml" if x else "b.yaml" }',
+            ["it's.yaml", "b.yaml"],
+            id="apostrophe_in_literal",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "a-${x}.yaml" if c else "b.yaml" }',
+            ["a-*.yaml", "b.yaml"],
+            id="substitution_inside_literal",
+        ),
+        pytest.param("sensor [${x}].yaml", ["sensor [[]*].yaml"], id="bracket_escaped"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "config?${x}.yaml", ["config[?]*.yaml"], id="question_mark_escaped"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "../${x}/config.yaml", ["../*/config.yaml"], id="ascending_directory"
+        ),
+        pytest.param("${file}", [], id="bare_variable_dropped"),
+        pytest.param("../${file}", [], id="ascending_bare_variable_dropped"),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ name ~ ".yaml" }', [".yaml"], id="dynamic_concat_extracts_literal"
+        ),
+        pytest.param("${ if }", [], id="no_literal_expression_dropped"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "<% if x %>a.yaml<% endif %>", ["*a.yaml*"], id="block_statement_globs"
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_include_candidate_patterns(value: str, expected: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Templated include paths expand to glob patterns and branch literals."""
+    assert substitutions.include_candidate_patterns(value) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("template", "variables"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            "keys/${system_name}.yaml", {"system_name": "esp-buero"}, id="embedded"
+        ),
+        pytest.param("device-$platform.yaml", {"platform": "esp32"}, id="unbraced"),
+        pytest.param(
+            "network/${eth_model}/config.yaml", {"eth_model": "eth01"}, id="directory"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "NO BT.yaml" if bt else "../empty.yaml" }',
+            {"bt": True},
+            id="conditional_true",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            '${ "NO BT.yaml" if bt else "../empty.yaml" }',
+            {"bt": False},
+            id="conditional_false",
+        ),
+        pytest.param('pre-${ "a" if c else "b" }.yaml', {"c": True}, id="spliced"),
+        pytest.param("${a}${b}.yaml", {"a": "x", "b": "y"}, id="adjacent"),
+        pytest.param("sensor [${x}].yaml", {"x": "a"}, id="bracket"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_include_candidate_patterns_cover_real_expansion(
+    template: str, variables: dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Lockstep pin against the real substitution machinery.
+
+    include_candidate_patterns mirrors _expand_substitutions without
+    variable values (the evaluator returns the one selected branch, so it
+    cannot enumerate candidates itself); this asserts every filename the
+    real pass resolves is covered by a candidate pattern, so a change to
+    reference syntax or expansion order breaks here instead of silently
+    dropping files from bundles.
+    """
+    resolved = str(
+        substitutions._expand_substitutions(
+            template, [], ChainMap(variables), True, None
+        )
+    )
+    patterns = substitutions.include_candidate_patterns(template)
+    assert any(fnmatchcase(resolved, p) or resolved == p for p in patterns)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
index 581b1aca99..a4b091b7c2 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
 import io
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import util
+from esphome.const import KEY_CORE, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 
 def test_list_yaml_files_with_files_and_directories(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -422,6 +425,199 @@ def _make_redirect(
     return redirect, buf
 
 
+def test_redirect_text_flushes_so_piped_output_streams() -> None:
+    """Regression: in-process esptool progress must reach the pipe right away.
+
+    ``run_external_command`` runs esptool inside our own process, so its
+    progress output goes through ``RedirectText.write``. That used to be
+    flushed only because ``colorama.init()`` wrapped stdout in a stream that
+    flushed after every write.
+    """
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    piped_stream = io.TextIOWrapper(
+        buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False
+    )
+    redirect = util.RedirectText(piped_stream)
+
+    redirect.write("Writing at 0x00010000 (50%)\r")
+
+    # No explicit flush here on purpose: RedirectText has to do it.
+    assert buf.getvalue() == b"Writing at 0x00010000 (50%)\r"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "break_char",
+    ["\x0c", "\x0b", "\x1c", "\x1d", "\x1e", "\x85", "\u2028", "\u2029"],
+    ids=["formfeed", "vtab", "fs", "gs", "rs", "nel", "lsep", "psep"],
+)
+def test_redirect_text_keeps_output_after_an_exotic_break_character(
+    break_char: str,
+) -> None:
+    r"""Only ``\n`` and ``\r`` end a line; the rest is ordinary text.
+
+    ``str.splitlines`` treats all of these as line breaks. Splitting on them
+    used to strand the fragment in the buffer and drop every complete line
+    that came after it, which for a form feed in toolchain output meant
+    losing the rest of the build log.
+    """
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write(f"first{break_char}second\nthird\n")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == f"first{break_char}second\nthird\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_treats_crlf_as_one_terminator() -> None:
+    r"""``\r\n``, a lone ``\r`` and a lone ``\n`` each end exactly one line."""
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("one\r\ntwo\rthree\nfour")
+
+    # "four" has no terminator yet, so it is held back.
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "one\r\ntwo\rthree\n"
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "one\r\ntwo\rthree\nfour\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_drain_releases_held_partial_line() -> None:
+    """A last line with no terminator must still reach the user.
+
+    A tool that dies part way through a line leaves that text in the buffer,
+    and it is usually the message saying what went wrong.
+    """
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+    redirect.write("FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status")
+
+    # Still held: no terminator has arrived.
+    assert buf.getvalue() == ""
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_drain_still_applies_the_filter() -> None:
+    """Releasing a held line does not smuggle noise past the filter."""
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["Verbose mode can be enabled"])
+    redirect.write("Verbose mode can be enabled")
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == ""
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_drain_is_a_no_op_when_nothing_is_held() -> None:
+    """Draining twice, or with an empty buffer, writes nothing extra."""
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+    redirect.write("complete line\n")
+
+    redirect.drain()
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "complete line\n"
+
+
+def test_flash_error_help_is_quiet_when_core_is_unconfigured(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Regression: reading the platform used to raise in the runner."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {})
+    monkeypatch.delenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, raising=False)
+
+    assert util.get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() is None
+
+
+def test_flash_error_help_reads_the_env_var_when_core_is_unconfigured(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The parent tells the subprocess what it cannot work out for itself."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {})
+    monkeypatch.setenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, "1")
+
+    help_msg = util.get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help()
+
+    assert help_msg is not None
+    assert "esp-idf" in help_msg
+
+
+def test_is_esp32_arduino_build_raises_on_a_half_filled_core(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A half filled in CORE is a bug, so it must raise, not fall back."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {KEY_CORE: {}})
+    monkeypatch.setenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, "1")
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        util.is_esp32_arduino_build()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "framework", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("esp32", "arduino", True),
+        ("esp32", "esp-idf", False),
+        ("esp8266", "arduino", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_is_esp32_arduino_build_from_a_configured_core(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, platform: str, framework: str, expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    """With CORE set up, it is the source of truth and the env var is ignored."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        CORE,
+        "data",
+        {KEY_CORE: {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform, KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: framework}},
+    )
+    monkeypatch.delenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, raising=False)
+
+    assert util.is_esp32_arduino_build() is expected
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_survives_a_flash_error_without_core(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The overflow line goes through even from a process with no CORE."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "data", {})
+    monkeypatch.delenv(util.ESP32_ARDUINO_ENV, raising=False)
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n"
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_adds_flash_size_help(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """An out-of-flash error gets the how-to-fix note appended."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        util, "get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help", lambda: "TIP: switch to esp-idf\n"
+    )
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n")
+
+    assert "Error: The program size" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "TIP: switch to esp-idf" in buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_skips_flash_size_help_on_other_platforms(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """The note is ESP32-with-Arduino only, so elsewhere the line stands alone."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(util, "get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help", lambda: None)
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    redirect.write("Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n")
+
+    assert buf.getvalue() == "Error: The program size is greater than maximum allowed\n"
+
+
 def test_redirect_text_callback_called_on_matching_line() -> None:
     """Test that a line callback is called and its output is written."""
     results: list[str] = []
@@ -551,6 +747,140 @@ def test_run_external_command_line_callbacks(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture) -> N
     assert "CALLBACK FIRED" in captured.out
 
 
+def test_run_external_command_drains_partial_line(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A command that stops mid line still shows that line.
+
+    esptool runs in-process here, so a message it writes without a trailing
+    newline would otherwise be dropped when the streams are put back.
+    """
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("A fatal error occurred: no serial data", end="")
+        return 1
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    assert rc == 1
+    assert "A fatal error occurred: no serial data" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_drains_on_early_exit(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """The drain also happens when the command exits through ``sys.exit``."""
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("Fatal: bailing out", end="")
+        sys.exit(3)
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    assert rc == 3
+    assert "Fatal: bailing out" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_capture_stdout_has_nothing_to_drain() -> None:
+    """With ``capture_stdout`` there is nothing held to write out.
+
+    The stdout wrapper still gets built, but ``sys.stdout`` is replaced by
+    the capture buffer right after, so the wrapper never sees a write and
+    draining it does nothing.
+    """
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("captured output", end="")
+        return 0
+
+    out = util.run_external_command(
+        fake_main, "fake", capture_stdout=True, filter_lines=["ignore me"]
+    )
+
+    assert out == "captured output"
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_survives_a_command_that_swaps_stdout(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Draining must not depend on what the command left in ``sys.stdout``.
+
+    A command is free to replace the stream; reaching for ``drain`` on
+    whatever it left there would raise from the cleanup path and bury the
+    real exit code.
+    """
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("before the swap", end="")
+        sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
+        sys.exit(7)
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+
+    assert rc == 7
+    assert "before the swap" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_drain_reports_the_lost_line_instead_of_raising(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A broken stream during cleanup is reported, not raised.
+
+    The warning carries the held text, because the stream we were asked to
+    write it to is the one that just failed.
+    """
+    caplog.set_level(logging.WARNING, logger=util.__name__)
+    out = MagicMock()
+    out.write.side_effect = BrokenPipeError("pipe is gone")
+    redirect = util.RedirectText(out, filter_lines=["ignore me"])
+    redirect.write("FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status")
+
+    redirect.drain()
+
+    assert "pipe is gone" in caplog.text
+    assert "FATAL: ld returned 1 exit status" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_drain_lets_other_errors_through() -> None:
+    """Only an unusable stream is tolerated; a bug still has to be visible."""
+
+    def broken_callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        raise TypeError("a line callback is broken")
+
+    redirect, _buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[broken_callback])
+    redirect.write("a line with no terminator")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        redirect.drain()
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_drains_stderr_even_if_stdout_drain_raises(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """One stream failing must not strand the other's held line.
+
+    ``drain`` deliberately lets anything that is not a stream error through,
+    so a broken line callback would otherwise skip the stderr drain and take
+    that line down with it.
+    """
+
+    def broken_on_stdout(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "stdout" in line:
+            raise TypeError("a line callback is broken")
+        return None
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("stdout partial", end="")
+        print("stderr FATAL: the real reason", end="", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 0
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", line_callbacks=[broken_on_stdout])
+
+    # The bug still surfaces, but stderr's held line was written first.
+    assert "stderr FATAL: the real reason" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
 def test_run_external_process_line_callbacks() -> None:
     """Test that run_external_process passes line_callbacks to RedirectText."""
     results: list[str] = []
@@ -561,7 +891,7 @@ def test_run_external_process_line_callbacks() -> None:
             return "PROCESS CALLBACK\n"
         return None
 
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+    with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
 
         def run_side_effect(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> MagicMock:
             # Simulate subprocess writing to the stdout RedirectText
@@ -635,7 +965,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_found() -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL device detection when device is present."""
     mock_result = MagicMock()
     mock_result.stdout = b"Device Information\n type: RP2040\n"
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+    with patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
     assert result.device_count == 1
     assert result.permission_error is False
@@ -645,7 +975,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_multiple() -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL detection with multiple devices."""
     mock_result = MagicMock()
     mock_result.stdout = b"type: RP2040\ntype: RP2350\n"
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+    with patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
     assert result.device_count == 2
     assert result.permission_error is False
@@ -658,7 +988,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_none() -> None:
         b"No accessible RP2040/RP2350 devices in BOOTSEL mode were found.\n"
     )
     mock_result.stderr = b""
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+    with patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
     assert result.device_count == 0
     assert result.permission_error is False
@@ -675,7 +1005,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_permission_error() -> None:
         b"but picotool was unable to connect. "
         b"Maybe try 'sudo' or check your permissions.\n"
     )
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+    with patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
     assert result.device_count == 0
     assert result.permission_error is True
@@ -686,7 +1016,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_libusb_access_error() -> None:
     mock_result = MagicMock()
     mock_result.stdout = b""
     mock_result.stderr = b"LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS\n"
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+    with patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
     assert result.device_count == 0
     assert result.permission_error is True
@@ -694,7 +1024,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_libusb_access_error() -> None:
 
 def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_oserror() -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL detection handles OSError."""
-    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("not found")):
+    with patch("subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("not found")):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
     assert result.device_count == 0
     assert result.permission_error is False
@@ -703,7 +1033,7 @@ def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_oserror() -> None:
 def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_timeout() -> None:
     """Test BOOTSEL detection handles timeout."""
     with patch(
-        "esphome.util.subprocess.run",
+        "subprocess.run",
         side_effect=subprocess.TimeoutExpired("picotool", 10),
     ):
         result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
@@ -717,7 +1047,6 @@ class TestSafePrint:
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
     def _no_dashboard(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         """Default ``CORE.dashboard`` to False so each test starts hermetic."""
-        from esphome.core import CORE
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", False)
 
@@ -739,12 +1068,36 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
     ) -> None:
         r"""Dashboard mode escapes raw ``\033`` ESC bytes to literal ``\\033``."""
-        from esphome.core import CORE
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
         util.safe_print("\033[0;32mhi\033[0m")
         assert capsys.readouterr().out == "\\033[0;32mhi\\033[0m\n"
 
+    def test_flushes_so_piped_output_streams(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Regression: each line must reach the OS pipe right away.
+
+        The dashboard runs ``esphome logs`` with stdout as a pipe, which
+        Python block buffers at 8 KiB. Log lines used to be flushed only
+        because ``colorama.init()`` wrapped stdout in a stream that flushed
+        after every write; once that wrapping was skipped for dashboard runs
+        the lines sat in the buffer and the log view stayed empty until
+        enough output piled up to fill it.
+        """
+        buf = io.BytesIO()
+        # newline="\n" keeps Windows from rewriting the terminator to "\r\n";
+        # this test is about flushing, not about line endings.
+        piped_stream = io.TextIOWrapper(
+            buf, encoding="utf-8", newline="\n", line_buffering=False
+        )
+        monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", piped_stream)
+
+        util.safe_print("live log line")
+
+        # No explicit flush here on purpose: safe_print has to do it.
+        assert buf.getvalue() == b"live log line\n"
+
     def test_fallback_writes_string_not_bytes_repr(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
     ) -> None:
@@ -764,7 +1117,7 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", cp1252_stream)
 
         util.safe_print("bars: \u2582\u2584\u2586\u2588 done")
-        cp1252_stream.flush()
+        # No explicit flush: the fallback path has to flush too.
         output = buf.getvalue().decode("cp1252")
 
         # Output is a clean line, not the bytes repr.
@@ -781,7 +1134,6 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
     ) -> None:
         """Dashboard ESC escaping + cp1252 fallback compose correctly."""
-        from esphome.core import CORE
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
         buf = io.BytesIO()
@@ -789,7 +1141,7 @@ class TestSafePrint:
         monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", cp1252_stream)
 
         util.safe_print("\033[0;32m\u2582\u2584\u2586\u2588\033[0m")
-        cp1252_stream.flush()
+        # No explicit flush: the fallback path has to flush too.
         output = buf.getvalue().decode("cp1252")
 
         # Dashboard escaping turned ESC into literal "\033" (5 chars), which
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py
index 63bdf3e255..9b7d1e9504 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_vscode.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 from esphome import vscode
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
 
 def _run_repl_test(input_data):
@@ -126,3 +128,67 @@ packages:
     assert range["start_col"] == 2
     assert range["end_line"] == 1
     assert range["end_col"] == 7
+
+
+def _explode(*_args: object, **_kwargs: object) -> None:
+    raise AttributeError("'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get'")
+
+
+def test_unexpected_error_reports_origin() -> None:
+    source_path = str(Path("dir_path", "x.yaml"))
+    with patch("esphome.vscode.validate_config", _explode):
+        output_lines = _run_repl_test(
+            [
+                _validate(source_path),
+                _file_response("""esphome:
+  name: test1
+"""),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    result = json.loads(output_lines[-1])
+    assert result["validation_errors"] == []
+    (error,) = result["yaml_errors"]
+    assert error["message"].startswith(
+        "Unexpected error while validating: AttributeError: "
+        "'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get' ("
+    )
+    assert "test_vscode.py" in error["message"]
+    assert error["message"].endswith(" in _explode)")
+
+
+def test_esphome_error_stays_plain() -> None:
+    source_path = str(Path("dir_path", "x.yaml"))
+    with patch("esphome.vscode.validate_config", side_effect=EsphomeError("boom")):
+        output_lines = _run_repl_test(
+            [
+                _validate(source_path),
+                _file_response("""esphome:
+  name: test1
+"""),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    result = json.loads(output_lines[-1])
+    assert result["yaml_errors"] == [{"message": "boom"}]
+
+
+def test_invalid_stays_plain() -> None:
+    source_path = str(Path("dir_path", "x.yaml"))
+    with patch("esphome.vscode.validate_config", side_effect=cv.Invalid("bad value")):
+        output_lines = _run_repl_test(
+            [
+                _validate(source_path),
+                _file_response("""esphome:
+  name: test1
+"""),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    result = json.loads(output_lines[-1])
+    assert result["yaml_errors"] == [{"message": "bad value"}]
+
+
+def test_format_unexpected_error_without_traceback() -> None:
+    message = vscode._format_unexpected_error(ValueError("boom"))
+    assert message == "Unexpected error while validating: ValueError: boom"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0280630d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""Unit tests for esphome.web_server_helpers module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import socket
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AUTH,
+    CONF_PASSWORD,
+    CONF_PORT,
+    CONF_USERNAME,
+    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
+)
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.web_server_helpers import (
+    get_web_server_connection,
+    resolve_web_server_urls,
+)
+
+
+def test_resolve_web_server_urls_maps_ipv4_and_ipv6(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Each resolved address becomes an (ip, url) pair with IPv6 bracketing."""
+    addr_infos = [
+        (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("192.168.1.5", 80)),
+        (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("fe80::1", 80, 0, 7)),
+    ]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address",
+        lambda *args, **kwargs: addr_infos,
+    )
+
+    assert resolve_web_server_urls("dev.local", 80, "/events") == [
+        ("192.168.1.5", "http://192.168.1.5:80/events"),
+        ("fe80::1", "http://[fe80::1%257]:80/events"),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_web_server_connection_without_auth() -> None:
+    """Port is returned and credentials are None when no auth is configured."""
+    config = {CONF_WEB_SERVER: {CONF_PORT: 80}}
+
+    assert get_web_server_connection(config) == (80, None, None)
+
+
+def test_get_web_server_connection_with_auth() -> None:
+    """Port and HTTP Basic credentials are returned when auth is configured."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_WEB_SERVER: {
+            CONF_PORT: 8080,
+            CONF_AUTH: {CONF_USERNAME: "admin", CONF_PASSWORD: "secret"},
+        }
+    }
+
+    assert get_web_server_connection(config) == (8080, "admin", "secret")
+
+
+def test_get_web_server_connection_missing_component() -> None:
+    """A config without web_server raises a clear error."""
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="web_server.*not configured"):
+        get_web_server_connection({})
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_logs.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_logs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbdf37bed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_logs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+"""Unit tests for esphome.web_server_logs module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+import logging
+import socket
+from typing import Self
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+import requests
+from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+
+from esphome import web_server_logs
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.web_server_logs import (
+    EVENTS_PATH,
+    WebServerLogsError,
+    _build_urls,
+    _consume,
+    _stream,
+    run_logs,
+)
+
+# A realistic slice of the web_server /events SSE stream: an initial ping
+# carrying the config, a state frame, two log frames (one multi-line), plus
+# comment/id/retry lines that must be ignored.
+SSE_LINES = [
+    "retry: 30000",
+    "id: 12345",
+    "event: ping",
+    'data: {"title":"dev","log":true}',
+    "",
+    "event: state",
+    'data: {"id":"sensor-x","state":"ON"}',
+    "",
+    "event: log",
+    "data: \x1b[0;32m[I][main:001]: hello\x1b[0m",
+    "",
+    ": keepalive-comment",
+    "event: log",
+    "data: line one",
+    "data: line two",
+    "",
+]
+
+
+class _FakeResponse:
+    """Minimal stand-in for a streamed ``requests`` response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, lines: list[str]) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self._lines = lines
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def iter_lines(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        for line in self._lines:
+            yield line.encode("utf8")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_parser() -> MagicMock:
+    """A LogParser whose parse_line returns the raw line unchanged."""
+    parser = MagicMock()
+    parser.parse_line.side_effect = lambda line, time_str: line
+    return parser
+
+
+def _patch_resolve(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    addr_infos: list[tuple[int, int, int, str, tuple]],
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address",
+        lambda *args, **kwargs: addr_infos,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _build_urls
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_build_urls_ipv4(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """An IPv4 host resolves to a plain http://ip:port/events URL."""
+    _patch_resolve(
+        monkeypatch,
+        [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("192.168.1.5", 80))],
+    )
+
+    assert _build_urls(["dev.local"], 80) == [
+        ("192.168.1.5", f"http://192.168.1.5:80{EVENTS_PATH}")
+    ]
+
+
+def test_build_urls_ipv6_brackets_and_zone(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """IPv6 literals are bracketed; link-local addresses get a %25 zone index."""
+    _patch_resolve(
+        monkeypatch,
+        [(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("fe80::1", 8080, 0, 7))],
+    )
+
+    assert _build_urls(["dev.local"], 8080) == [
+        ("fe80::1", f"http://[fe80::1%257]:8080{EVENTS_PATH}")
+    ]
+
+
+def test_build_urls_dedups_and_skips_unresolvable(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Duplicate resolved IPs collapse to one URL; resolve errors are skipped."""
+    calls: list[str] = []
+
+    def fake_resolve(host: str, port: int, **kwargs: object) -> list[tuple]:
+        calls.append(host)
+        if host == "bad":
+            raise EsphomeError("nope")
+        return [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("10.0.0.1", port))]
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", fake_resolve)
+
+    # "good" and "dup" both resolve to 10.0.0.1, "bad" raises.
+    assert _build_urls(["good", "bad", "dup"], 80) == [
+        ("10.0.0.1", f"http://10.0.0.1:80{EVENTS_PATH}")
+    ]
+    assert calls == ["good", "bad", "dup"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _consume (SSE parsing)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_consume_emits_only_log_frames(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fake_parser: MagicMock
+) -> None:
+    """Only event: log data lines are printed; ping/state/comments are ignored."""
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+
+    _consume(_FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES), fake_parser)
+
+    assert printed == [
+        "\x1b[0;32m[I][main:001]: hello\x1b[0m",
+        "line one",
+        "line two",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_consume_ignores_unterminated_trailing_frame(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, fake_parser: MagicMock
+) -> None:
+    """A log frame without its terminating blank line is not emitted."""
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+
+    _consume(_FakeResponse(200, ["event: log", "data: dangling"]), fake_parser)
+
+    assert printed == []
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _stream
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_stream_returns_false_when_connect_fails(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    fake_parser: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed connection logs a warning and reports not-connected."""
+
+    def boom(*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> _FakeResponse:
+        raise requests.ConnectionError("refused")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", boom)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        assert (
+            _stream("http://10.0.0.1:80/events", "10.0.0.1", None, fake_parser) is False
+        )
+    assert "Could not connect to 10.0.0.1" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_stream_returns_true_when_established_then_dropped(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    fake_parser: MagicMock,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A mid-stream drop after connecting reports connected so we reconnect."""
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+
+    class _DroppingResponse(_FakeResponse):
+        def iter_lines(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+            yield b"event: log"
+            yield b"data: before-drop"
+            yield b""
+            raise requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError("connection lost")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _DroppingResponse(200, []))
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
+        assert (
+            _stream("http://10.0.0.1:80/events", "10.0.0.1", None, fake_parser) is True
+        )
+    assert printed == ["before-drop"]
+    assert "reconnecting" in caplog.text
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# run_logs
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_run_logs_streams_then_reconnects_until_interrupt(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A dropped stream reconnects; KeyboardInterrupt during the pause exits 0."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    printed: list[str] = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", printed.append)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES))
+
+    def stop(_delay: float) -> None:
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs.time, "sleep", stop)
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    # The single stream was consumed before the reconnect pause interrupted us.
+    # run_logs renders through the real LogParser, which prefixes a timestamp,
+    # so assert on the payloads rather than exact equality.
+    assert len(printed) == 3
+    assert "[I][main:001]: hello" in printed[0]
+    assert "line one" in printed[1]
+    assert "line two" in printed[2]
+
+
+def test_run_logs_passes_basic_auth(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Username + password are forwarded as HTTP Basic auth on the request."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", lambda line: None)
+    captured: dict[str, object] = {}
+
+    def fake_get(url: str, **kwargs: object) -> _FakeResponse:
+        captured.update(kwargs)
+        captured["url"] = url
+        return _FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", fake_get)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs.time,
+        "sleep",
+        lambda _d: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt()),
+    )
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, "admin", "secret") == 0
+    auth = captured["auth"]
+    assert isinstance(auth, HTTPBasicAuth)
+    assert (auth.username, auth.password) == ("admin", "secret")
+    assert captured["stream"] is True
+    assert captured["headers"] == {"Accept": "text/event-stream"}
+
+
+def test_run_logs_no_auth_when_credentials_missing(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """No auth object is sent when username/password are not configured."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "safe_print", lambda line: None)
+    captured: dict[str, object] = {}
+
+    def fake_get(url: str, **kwargs: object) -> _FakeResponse:
+        captured.update(kwargs)
+        return _FakeResponse(200, SSE_LINES)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", fake_get)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs.time,
+        "sleep",
+        lambda _d: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt()),
+    )
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    assert captured["auth"] is None
+
+
+def test_run_logs_raises_on_auth_failure(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """HTTP 401 aborts with a clear error rather than reconnecting forever."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(401, []))
+
+    with pytest.raises(WebServerLogsError, match="Authentication failed"):
+        run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, "admin", "bad")
+
+
+def test_run_logs_retries_on_transient_status(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A transient non-200 (e.g. 503) is logged and the loop retries."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(503, []))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs.time,
+        "sleep",
+        lambda _d: (_ for _ in ()).throw(KeyboardInterrupt()),
+    )
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR):
+        assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    assert "Unexpected HTTP 503" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("status", (403, 404))
+def test_run_logs_raises_on_permanent_status(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, status: int
+) -> None:
+    """A permanent 403/404 aborts instead of retrying the endpoint forever."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        web_server_logs,
+        "_build_urls",
+        lambda hosts, port: [("10.0.0.1", "http://10.0.0.1:80/events")],
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests, "get", lambda *a, **kw: _FakeResponse(status, []))
+
+    with pytest.raises(WebServerLogsError, match=str(status)):
+        run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None)
+
+
+def test_run_logs_backs_off_on_repeated_failure(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Consecutive unreachable attempts grow the reconnect delay up to the cap."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "_build_urls", lambda hosts, port: [])
+    delays: list[float] = []
+
+    def record(delay: float) -> None:
+        delays.append(delay)
+        if len(delays) >= 4:
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs.time, "sleep", record)
+
+    assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    # 1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 8 ... doubling, capped at MAX_RECONNECT_DELAY (10.0).
+    assert delays == [2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 10.0]
+
+
+def test_run_logs_reports_unresolvable(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """When no host resolves, an error is logged and the loop pauses/retries."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs, "_build_urls", lambda hosts, port: [])
+
+    # Let the first reconnect pause pass so the loop continues, then interrupt
+    # on the second so the retry path (the ``continue``) is exercised.
+    sleeps = {"n": 0}
+
+    def sleep(_delay: float) -> None:
+        sleeps["n"] += 1
+        if sleeps["n"] >= 2:
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(web_server_logs.time, "sleep", sleep)
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR):
+        assert run_logs(["dev.local"], 80, None, None) == 0
+    assert sleeps["n"] == 2
+    assert "Could not resolve" in caplog.text
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py
index 606905e36e..bde04f4db7 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_web_server_ota.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def _patch_resolve(
         for host, port in hosts
     ]
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
     )
 
 
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ def test_run_ota_resolution_failure(
     def _raise(*_args, **_kwargs):
         raise EsphomeError("dns failed")
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
 
     exit_code, host = run_ota(["does.not.exist"], 80, None, None, firmware)
 
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ def test_run_ota_resolution_failure_dashboard_mode(
     def _raise(*_args, **_kwargs):
         raise EsphomeError("dns failed")
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _raise)
     monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "dashboard", True)
     try:
         exit_code, host = run_ota(["does.not.exist"], 80, None, None, firmware)
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ def test_run_ota_multiple_hosts_first_fails(
     def _resolve(host, port, address_cache=None):  # noqa: ARG001
         return addr_lookup[host]
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
 
     with patch(
         "esphome.web_server_ota.requests.post",
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ def test_run_ota_all_hosts_return_failure_no_exception(
     def _resolve(host, port, address_cache=None):  # noqa: ARG001
         return addr_lookup[host]
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", _resolve)
 
     exit_code, host = run_ota(["a.local", "b.local"], 80, None, None, firmware)
 
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ def test_run_ota_ipv6_url_brackets_host(
         (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("2001:db8::1", 80, 0, 0)),
     ]
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
     )
 
     with patch(
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ def test_run_ota_ipv6_link_local_includes_scope_id(
         (socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", ("fe80::1", 80, 0, 3)),
     ]
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "esphome.web_server_ota.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
+        "esphome.web_server_helpers.resolve_ip_address", lambda *a, **kw: addr_infos
     )
 
     with patch(
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_wizard.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_wizard.py
index 0ce89230d8..244e4eb5a1 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_wizard.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_wizard.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.components.bk72xx.boards import BK72XX_BOARD_PINS
 from esphome.components.esp32.boards import ESP32_BOARD_PINS
 from esphome.components.esp8266.boards import ESP8266_BOARD_PINS
 from esphome.components.ln882x.boards import LN882X_BOARD_PINS
+from esphome.components.rp2.boards import RP2_BOARD_PINS
 from esphome.components.rtl87xx.boards import RTL87XX_BOARD_PINS
 from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.wizard as wz
@@ -300,6 +301,31 @@ def test_wizard_write_defaults_platform_from_board_rtl87xx(
     assert "rtl87xx:" in generated_config
 
 
+def test_wizard_write_defaults_platform_from_board_rp2(
+    default_config: dict[str, Any], tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+):
+    """
+    If the platform is not explicitly set, use "RP2" when the board is in
+    the RP2 boards list. The generated config must use the canonical
+    ``rp2:`` top-level key (not the deprecated ``rp2040:`` alias).
+    """
+    # Given
+    del default_config["platform"]
+    default_config["board"] = [*RP2_BOARD_PINS][0]
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "write_file", MagicMock())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(CORE, "config_path", tmp_path.parent)
+
+    # When
+    wz.wizard_write(tmp_path, **default_config)
+
+    # Then
+    generated_config = wz.write_file.call_args.args[1]
+    assert "rp2:" in generated_config
+    # Guard against regressing to the legacy alias key.
+    assert "rp2040:" not in generated_config
+
+
 def test_safe_print_step_prints_step_number_and_description(monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch):
     """
     The safe_print_step function prints the step number and the passed description
@@ -450,6 +476,34 @@ def test_wizard_accepts_default_answers_esp32(
     assert retval == 0
 
 
+def test_wizard_accepts_default_answers_bk72xx(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch, wizard_answers: list[str]
+):
+    """
+    The wizard should accept the given default answers for bk72xx. The
+    libretiny branch also exercises the False side of the
+    ``elif platform == "RP2":`` checks in the platform / board-link
+    elif chain (without this, those branches show as partial coverage
+    because only the rpipico interactive test reaches them with platform
+    == "RP2").
+    """
+    # Given
+    wizard_answers[1] = "BK72XX"
+    wizard_answers[2] = next(iter(BK72XX_BOARD_PINS))
+    config_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    input_mock = MagicMock(side_effect=wizard_answers)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("builtins.input", input_mock)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "safe_print", lambda t=None, end=None: 0)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "sleep", lambda _: 0)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "wizard_write", MagicMock())
+
+    # When
+    retval = wz.wizard(config_file)
+
+    # Then
+    assert retval == 0
+
+
 def test_wizard_offers_better_node_name(
     tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch, wizard_answers: list[str]
 ):
@@ -612,7 +666,7 @@ def test_wizard_accepts_rpipico_board(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch):
     # Given
     wizard_answers_rp2040 = [
         "test-node",  # Name of the node
-        "RP2040",  # platform
+        "RP2",  # platform (canonical name; ``RP2040`` was the legacy alias)
         "rpipico",  # board (no WiFi support)
     ]
     config_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
index 18d08e7cb1..47feae3e3c 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS
 from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
-    PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    PLATFORM_RP2,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
@@ -68,12 +69,13 @@ def _isolate_platformio_paths(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) -> Any:
     test_clean_all_partial_exists) install their own inner patch which
     stacks on top of this one and wins for the duration of their block.
 
-    Also pin ``ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX`` to a nonexistent tmp dir for the
-    same reason: ``clean_all`` removes the now machine-global ESP-IDF
-    install, which otherwise defaults to the real ``~/.cache/esphome``.
+    Also pin every ``TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS`` env override to a nonexistent tmp
+    dir, and patch ``platformdirs.user_cache_dir``, for the same reason: ``clean_all`` removes the machine-global toolchain installs
+    and their default cache root, which otherwise resolve to the real
+    ``~/.cache/esphome``.
     """
     pio_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_pio") / "nonexistent"
-    idf_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_idf") / "nonexistent"
+    cache_root = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("isolated_cache") / "nonexistent"
     mock_cfg = MagicMock()
     mock_cfg.get.side_effect = lambda section, option: (
         str(pio_root / option) if section == "platformio" else ""
@@ -83,7 +85,18 @@ def _isolate_platformio_paths(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) -> Any:
             "platformio.project.config.ProjectConfig.get_instance",
             return_value=mock_cfg,
         ),
-        patch.dict("os.environ", {"ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX": str(idf_root)}),
+        patch.dict(
+            "os.environ",
+            {
+                # Derived from the registry so a new backend's cache can
+                # never drift out of the sandbox and hit a real toolchain
+                env_var: str(
+                    tmp_path_factory.mktemp(f"isolated_{subdir}") / "nonexistent"
+                )
+                for env_var, subdir in TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS
+            },
+        ),
+        patch("platformdirs.user_cache_dir", return_value=str(cache_root)),
     ):
         yield
 
@@ -327,7 +340,7 @@ def test_storage_should_not_update_cmake_cache_when_nothing_changes(
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "core_platform",
-    [PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_RP2040, PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_RTL87XX],
+    [PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_RP2, PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_RTL87XX],
 )
 def test_storage_should_not_update_cmake_cache_for_non_esp32(
     create_storage: Callable[..., StorageJSON],
@@ -1022,6 +1035,77 @@ def test_clean_all_removes_global_idf_install(
     assert str(idf_install.resolve()) in caplog.text
 
 
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_removes_global_sdk_nrf_install(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """clean_all removes the machine-global native sdk-nrf install dir."""
+    sdk_nrf_install = tmp_path / "sdk_nrf_install"
+    (sdk_nrf_install / "frameworks").mkdir(parents=True)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", str(sdk_nrf_install))
+
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+
+    from esphome.writer import clean_all
+
+    with caplog.at_level("INFO"):
+        clean_all([str(config_dir)])
+
+    assert not sdk_nrf_install.exists()
+    assert str(sdk_nrf_install.resolve()) in caplog.text
+
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_removes_global_arduino8266_install(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """clean_all removes the machine-global native arduino8266 install dir."""
+    arduino8266_install = tmp_path / "arduino8266_install"
+    (arduino8266_install / "frameworks").mkdir(parents=True)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX", str(arduino8266_install))
+
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+
+    with caplog.at_level("INFO"):
+        clean_all([str(config_dir)])
+
+    assert not arduino8266_install.exists()
+    assert str(arduino8266_install.resolve()) in caplog.text
+
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_removes_default_cache_root(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """clean_all removes the default cache root (stale/orphaned installs)."""
+    cache_root = tmp_path / "cache_root"
+    (cache_root / "some-old-toolchain").mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+
+    from esphome.writer import clean_all
+
+    with (
+        patch("platformdirs.user_cache_dir", return_value=str(cache_root)),
+        caplog.at_level("INFO"),
+    ):
+        clean_all([str(config_dir)])
+
+    assert not cache_root.exists()
+    assert str(cache_root.resolve()) in caplog.text
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 def test_clean_all_with_yaml_build_path(
     mock_core: MagicMock,
@@ -1981,6 +2065,38 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_writes_build_info_files(
     assert build_info_json["esphome_version"] == "2025.1.0-dev"
 
 
+def _setup_build_info_mocks(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
+    mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> Path:
+    """Point CORE at tmp_path and return the build_info.json path."""
+    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
+    (src_path / "esphome" / "core").mkdir(parents=True)
+    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_path.mkdir()
+    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
+    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
+    mock_core.defines = []
+    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF
+    mock_core.comment = ""
+    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
+    mock_core.config = {}
+    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
+    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
+    return build_path / "build_info.json"
+
+
+def _run_copy_src_tree(version: str = "2025.1.0-dev") -> None:
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", version),
+        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
+    ):
+        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
+        copy_src_tree()
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 @patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
 @patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
@@ -1990,59 +2106,17 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_detects_config_hash_change(
     mock_core: MagicMock,
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test copy_src_tree detects when config_hash changes."""
-    # Setup directory structure
-    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
-    src_path.mkdir()
-    esphome_core_path = src_path / "esphome" / "core"
-    esphome_core_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
-    build_path.mkdir()
-
-    # Create existing build_info.json with different config_hash
-    build_info_json_path = build_path / "build_info.json"
-    build_info_json_path.write_text(
-        json.dumps(
-            {
-                "config_hash": 0x12345678,  # Different from current
-                "build_time": 1700000000,
-                "build_time_str": "2023-11-14 22:13:20 +0000",
-                "esphome_version": "2025.1.0-dev",
-            }
-        )
+    """A changed config_hash regenerates build_info after a steady-state run."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
     )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
 
-    # Create existing build_info_data.h
-    build_info_h_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.h"
-    build_info_h_path.write_text("// old build_info_data.h")
-
-    # Setup mocks
-    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.defines = []
-    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF  # Different from existing
-    mock_core.comment = ""
-    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
-    mock_core.config = {}
-    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
-    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
-
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", "2025.1.0-dev"),
-        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
-    ):
-        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
-        copy_src_tree()
-
-    # Verify build_info files were updated due to config_hash change
-    assert build_info_h_path.exists()
-    build_info_cpp_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.cpp"
-    assert build_info_cpp_path.exists()
-    new_content = build_info_cpp_path.read_text()
-    assert "0xdeadbeef" in new_content.lower()
-
-    new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
-    assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+    # Second run only regenerates if the hash comparison detects the change
+    mock_core.config_hash = 0xC0FFEE
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xC0FFEE
 
 
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
@@ -2054,104 +2128,93 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_detects_version_change(
     mock_core: MagicMock,
     tmp_path: Path,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test copy_src_tree detects when esphome_version changes."""
-    # Setup directory structure
-    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
-    src_path.mkdir()
-    esphome_core_path = src_path / "esphome" / "core"
-    esphome_core_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
-    build_path.mkdir()
-
-    # Create existing build_info.json with different version
-    build_info_json_path = build_path / "build_info.json"
-    build_info_json_path.write_text(
-        json.dumps(
-            {
-                "config_hash": 0xDEADBEEF,
-                "build_time": 1700000000,
-                "build_time_str": "2023-11-14 22:13:20 +0000",
-                "esphome_version": "2024.12.0",  # Old version
-            }
-        )
+    """A changed esphome_version regenerates build_info after a steady-state run."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
     )
-
-    # Create existing build_info_data.h
-    build_info_h_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.h"
-    build_info_h_path.write_text("// old build_info_data.h")
-
-    # Setup mocks
-    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.defines = []
-    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF
-    mock_core.comment = ""
-    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
-    mock_core.config = {}
-    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
-    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
-
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", "2025.1.0-dev"),  # New version
-        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
-    ):
-        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
-        copy_src_tree()
-
-    # Verify build_info files were updated due to version change
-    assert build_info_h_path.exists()
+    # Pin version.h so only the build_info comparison can see the bump
+    with patch("esphome.writer.generate_version_h", return_value="// version.h\n"):
+        _run_copy_src_tree(version="2024.12.0")
+        _run_copy_src_tree(version="2025.1.0-dev")
     new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
     assert new_json["esphome_version"] == "2025.1.0-dev"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "damage",
+    (b"invalid json {{{", b"[]", b'\xff{"config_hash": 1}'),
+    ids=("invalid-json", "non-object", "non-utf8"),
+)
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+@patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
+@patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
+def test_copy_src_tree_regenerates_damaged_build_info(
+    mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
+    mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    damage: bytes,
+) -> None:
+    """A damaged build_info.json reads as stale and is regenerated, not left in place."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
+    )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    build_info_json_path.write_bytes(damage)
+    # Second run only rewrites the file if the damage branch fires
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
+    assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 @patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
 @patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
-def test_copy_src_tree_handles_invalid_build_info_json(
+def test_copy_src_tree_missing_build_info_rebuilds_quietly(
     mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
     mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
     mock_core: MagicMock,
     tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test copy_src_tree handles invalid build_info.json gracefully."""
-    # Setup directory structure
-    src_path = tmp_path / "src"
-    src_path.mkdir()
-    esphome_core_path = src_path / "esphome" / "core"
-    esphome_core_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-    build_path = tmp_path / "build"
-    build_path.mkdir()
+    """An absent build_info.json regenerates without claiming damage."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
+    )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    build_info_json_path.unlink()
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+    assert "unreadable" not in caplog.text
 
-    # Create invalid build_info.json
-    build_info_json_path = build_path / "build_info.json"
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+@patch("esphome.writer.iter_components")
+@patch("esphome.writer.walk_files")
+def test_copy_src_tree_unremovable_damaged_build_info_is_logged(
+    mock_walk_files: MagicMock,
+    mock_iter_components: MagicMock,
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A failed unlink of the damaged file names the real cause."""
+    build_info_json_path = _setup_build_info_mocks(
+        mock_core, mock_iter_components, mock_walk_files, tmp_path
+    )
+    _run_copy_src_tree()
     build_info_json_path.write_text("invalid json {{{")
+    real_unlink = Path.unlink
 
-    # Create existing build_info_data.h
-    build_info_h_path = esphome_core_path / "build_info_data.h"
-    build_info_h_path.write_text("// old build_info_data.h")
+    def fail_on_build_info(self: Path, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        if self.name == "build_info.json":
+            raise OSError("simulated EACCES")
+        real_unlink(self, missing_ok=missing_ok)
 
-    # Setup mocks
-    mock_core.relative_src_path.side_effect = src_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.relative_build_path.side_effect = build_path.joinpath
-    mock_core.defines = []
-    mock_core.config_hash = 0xDEADBEEF
-    mock_core.comment = ""
-    mock_core.target_platform = "test_platform"
-    mock_core.config = {}
-    mock_iter_components.return_value = []
-    mock_walk_files.return_value = []
-
-    with (
-        patch("esphome.writer.__version__", "2025.1.0-dev"),
-        patch("esphome.writer.importlib.import_module") as mock_import,
-    ):
-        mock_import.side_effect = AttributeError
-        copy_src_tree()
-
-    # Verify build_info files were created despite invalid JSON
-    assert build_info_h_path.exists()
-    new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
-    assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+    with patch.object(Path, "unlink", fail_on_build_info):
+        _run_copy_src_tree()
+    assert "Could not remove unreadable build_info.json" in caplog.text
+    assert json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
 
 
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
@@ -2402,3 +2465,39 @@ def test_copy_src_tree_ignores_removed_generated_file(
     # file was removed and regenerated, not that it triggered sources_changed.
     new_json = json.loads(build_info_json_path.read_text())
     assert new_json["config_hash"] == 0xDEADBEEF
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("case", "content", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("files missing", None, True),
+        ("json missing", "ABSENT", True),
+        ("json unreadable", "not json", True),
+        # Valid JSON that is not an object is stale, not an AttributeError
+        ("json not an object", "[]", True),
+        ("hash mismatch", {"config_hash": 2, "esphome_version": "CURRENT"}, True),
+        ("version mismatch", {"config_hash": 1, "esphome_version": "0.0.0"}, True),
+        ("matching record", {"config_hash": 1, "esphome_version": "CURRENT"}, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_build_info_stale_branches(
+    tmp_path: Path, case: str, content, expected: bool
+) -> None:
+    """Missing files, an unreadable JSON, a hash or version mismatch each
+    regenerate; a matching record does not."""
+    from esphome.const import __version__
+    from esphome.writer import _build_info_stale
+
+    h = tmp_path / "build_info_data.h"
+    cpp = tmp_path / "build_info_data.cpp"
+    info = tmp_path / "build_info.json"
+    if content is not None:
+        h.write_text("")
+        cpp.write_text("")
+    if isinstance(content, dict):
+        if content.get("esphome_version") == "CURRENT":
+            content["esphome_version"] = __version__
+        info.write_text(json.dumps(content))
+    elif isinstance(content, str) and content != "ABSENT":
+        info.write_text(content)
+    assert _build_info_stale(h, cpp, info, 1) is expected, case
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
index fa1c0fcce2..3bdbd04396 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
@@ -282,8 +282,54 @@ test: !include_dir_named test_dir
     assert ".hidden_dir" not in actual["test"]
 
 
+def test_include_dir_list(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """!include_dir_list loads every .yaml file in the directory as a list."""
+    test_dir = tmp_path / "test_dir"
+    test_dir.mkdir()
+    (test_dir / "a.yaml").write_text("key: value_a")
+    (test_dir / "b.yaml").write_text("key: value_b")
+
+    test_yaml = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    test_yaml.write_text("test: !include_dir_list test_dir\n")
+
+    actual = yaml_util.load_yaml(test_yaml)
+
+    assert len(actual["test"]) == 2
+    assert {entry["key"] for entry in actual["test"]} == {"value_a", "value_b"}
+
+
+def test_include_dir_merge_list(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """!include_dir_merge_list concatenates the lists from every .yaml file."""
+    test_dir = tmp_path / "test_dir"
+    test_dir.mkdir()
+    (test_dir / "a.yaml").write_text("- item_a1\n- item_a2\n")
+    (test_dir / "b.yaml").write_text("- item_b1\n")
+
+    test_yaml = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    test_yaml.write_text("test: !include_dir_merge_list test_dir\n")
+
+    actual = yaml_util.load_yaml(test_yaml)
+
+    assert sorted(actual["test"]) == ["item_a1", "item_a2", "item_b1"]
+
+
+def test_include_dir_merge_named(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """!include_dir_merge_named merges the mappings from every .yaml file."""
+    test_dir = tmp_path / "test_dir"
+    test_dir.mkdir()
+    (test_dir / "a.yaml").write_text("key_a: value_a")
+    (test_dir / "b.yaml").write_text("key_b: value_b")
+
+    test_yaml = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    test_yaml.write_text("test: !include_dir_merge_named test_dir\n")
+
+    actual = yaml_util.load_yaml(test_yaml)
+
+    assert actual["test"] == {"key_a": "value_a", "key_b": "value_b"}
+
+
 def test_find_files_recursive(fixture_path: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Test that _find_files works recursively through include_dir_named."""
+    """Test that find_files works recursively through include_dir_named."""
     # Copy fixture directory to temporary location
     src_dir = fixture_path / "yaml_util"
     dst_dir = tmp_path / "yaml_util"
@@ -655,6 +701,31 @@ def test_include_file_has_unresolved_expressions(
     assert include.has_unresolved_expressions() == expected
 
 
+def test_mapping_include_non_string_file_rejected(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The mapping !include form rejects a non-string 'file' with a clear error."""
+    entry = tmp_path / "entry.yaml"
+    entry.write_text("wifi: !include\n  file: [not, a, string]\n")
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Include 'file' must be a string"):
+        yaml_util.load_yaml(entry)
+
+
+def test_include_file_templated_filename_stays_raw_string(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A templated filename keeps its verbatim text (issue #18545)."""
+    parent = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    expr = '${ "bluetooth/proxy.yaml" if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }'
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(parent, expr, None, lambda _: {})
+    assert include.file == expr
+    assert include.has_unresolved_expressions()
+    assert repr(include) == f"IncludeFile({expr})"
+
+
+def test_represent_include_file_templated() -> None:
+    """Dumping a templated IncludeFile emits the raw expression unchanged."""
+    expr = '${ "a/b.yaml" if flag else "../c.yaml" }'
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(Path("/fake/main.yaml"), expr, None, lambda _: {})
+    assert yaml_util.dump({"key": include}) == f"key: !include '{expr}'\n"
+
+
 def test_include_in_list_context() -> None:
     """!include of a file returning a list is handled correctly,
     including when that list itself contains a nested IncludeFile."""
@@ -1003,8 +1074,10 @@ class _StubInclude:
         load_result: object = None,
         raise_on_load: EsphomeError | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        self.file = Path(file)
-        self.parent_file = parent_file or Path("/tmp/parent.yaml")
+        # Default parent lives in a nonexistent directory so unresolved
+        # stubs never glob real files during candidate expansion.
+        self.file = file
+        self.parent_file = parent_file or Path("/nonexistent/parent.yaml")
         self._unresolved = unresolved
         self._load_result = load_result if load_result is not None else {}
         self._raise = raise_on_load
@@ -1182,6 +1255,247 @@ def test_discover_user_yaml_files_deduplicates(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert discovered.files.count(wifi_resolved) == 1
 
 
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_expands_directory_substitution(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A substitution spanning a directory segment globs across directories."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "network/eth01/config.yaml", "ethernet:\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "network/eth02/config.yaml", "ethernet:\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "network/${eth_model}/config.yaml")
+    )
+    resolved = set(discovered.files)
+    assert (tmp_path / "network/eth01/config.yaml").resolve() in resolved
+    assert (tmp_path / "network/eth02/config.yaml").resolve() in resolved
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_loads_both_branches_of_issue_conditional(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Both branch files of the issue-17650 conditional load when present,
+    including the filename with spaces."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "empty.yaml", "{}\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "boards/NO BLUETOOTH SUPPORT ON ESP8266.yaml", "api:\n")
+    _write(
+        tmp_path,
+        "boards/esp8266.yaml",
+        "packages:\n"
+        '  - !include ${ "NO BLUETOOTH SUPPORT ON ESP8266.yaml"'
+        ' if enable_bluetooth_proxy else "../empty.yaml" }\n',
+    )
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "boards/esp8266.yaml")
+    )
+    resolved = set(discovered.files)
+    assert (tmp_path / "boards/NO BLUETOOTH SUPPORT ON ESP8266.yaml").resolve() in (
+        resolved
+    )
+    assert (tmp_path / "empty.yaml").resolve() in resolved
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_glob_matches_bracket_filenames(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Glob metacharacters in the literal filename text stay literal."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "sensor [a].yaml", "api:\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "sensor [${x}].yaml")
+    )
+    assert "sensor [a].yaml" in {p.name for p in discovered.files}
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_ascending_glob(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A templated include reaching into a sibling directory via ``..`` globs."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "shared/common.yaml", "api:\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "nodes/dev.yaml", "p: !include ../shared/${x}.yaml\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "nodes/dev.yaml")
+    )
+    assert (tmp_path / "shared/common.yaml").resolve() in discovered.files
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_mapping_include_with_vars(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """The mapping !include form (file + vars) expands a templated filename."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/a.yaml", "pin: ${num}\n")
+    entry = _write(
+        tmp_path,
+        "entry.yaml",
+        "wifi: !include\n  file: keys/${n}.yaml\n  vars:\n    num: 4\n",
+    )
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(entry)
+    assert (tmp_path / "keys/a.yaml").resolve() in discovered.files
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_absolute_templated_include_skipped(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """An absolute templated include is skipped gracefully instead of crashing."""
+    shared = tmp_path / "shared"
+    _write(tmp_path, "shared/common.yaml", "api:\n")
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.yaml_util"):
+        discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+            _write_entry_including(tmp_path, f"{shared}/${{x}}.yaml")
+        )
+    assert (shared / "common.yaml").resolve() not in discovered.files
+    assert any("Cannot glob include pattern" in r.message for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_glob_skips_dollar_named_files(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """An on-disk filename containing ``$`` can't load; the glob skips it."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/a.yaml", "api:\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/b$roken.yaml", "api:\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "keys/${n}.yaml")
+    )
+    names = {p.name for p in discovered.files}
+    assert "a.yaml" in names
+    assert "b$roken.yaml" not in names
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_glob_error_skips_include(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A filesystem error during candidate globbing warns and skips the include."""
+    entry = _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "keys/${n}.yaml")
+    with (
+        patch.object(Path, "glob", side_effect=OSError("boom")),
+        caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.yaml_util"),
+    ):
+        discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(entry)
+    assert [p.name for p in discovered.files] == ["entry.yaml"]
+    matching = [
+        r.levelname
+        for r in caplog.records
+        if "I/O error globbing include pattern" in r.message
+    ]
+    assert matching == ["WARNING"]
+
+
+def test_force_load_candidate_failure_warns_by_default(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A broken candidate logs at WARNING outside the discovery re-parse."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/bad.yaml", "esphome: [unterminated\n")
+    entry = _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "keys/${n}.yaml")
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.yaml_util"):
+        force_load_include_files(yaml_util.load_yaml(entry))
+    matching = [
+        r.levelname for r in caplog.records if "Failed to load candidate" in r.message
+    ]
+    assert matching == ["WARNING"]
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_glob_skips_hidden_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Candidate globs exclude hidden files, matching ``!include_dir_*``."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/device-a.yaml", "api:\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/.hidden.yaml", "api:\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "keys/${name}.yaml")
+    )
+    names = {p.name for p in discovered.files}
+    assert "device-a.yaml" in names
+    assert ".hidden.yaml" not in names
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_bare_expression_not_expanded(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A fully dynamic filename never globs the whole directory."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "sibling.yaml", "api:\n")
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.yaml_util"):
+        discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+            _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "${file}")
+        )
+    assert (tmp_path / "sibling.yaml").resolve() not in discovered.files
+    assert any(
+        "Cannot resolve !include" in r.message and r.levelname == "DEBUG"
+        for r in caplog.records
+    )
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_self_glob_match_skipped(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A glob whose only match is the including file itself claims nothing."""
+    entry = _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "${platform}.yaml")
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.yaml_util"):
+        discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(entry)
+    assert [p.name for p in discovered.files] == ["entry.yaml"]
+    assert any("Cannot resolve !include" in r.message for r in caplog.records)
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_candidate_cycle_terminates(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Mutually glob-matching includes expand finitely and capture both files."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "sub/a.yaml", "p: !include ${x}.yaml\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "sub/b.yaml", "p: !include ${y}.yaml\n")
+    entry = _write(tmp_path, "entry.yaml", "wifi: !include sub/a.yaml\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(entry)
+    names = {p.name for p in discovered.files}
+    assert names == {"entry.yaml", "a.yaml", "b.yaml"}
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_many_candidates_keep_nested_includes(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Every candidate's nested includes are discovered.
+
+    Regression test: the id()-based cycle guard is only safe while every
+    traversed tree stays alive. Candidate trees used to be freed between
+    loop iterations, so CPython recycled their addresses and later
+    candidates' fresh trees were skipped as already seen, silently dropping
+    their nested includes. Needs several candidates to manifest; two were
+    not enough to trigger the reuse."""
+    count = 12
+    for i in range(count):
+        _write(
+            tmp_path, f"keys/k{i}.yaml", f"sensor{i}: !include ../nested/n{i}.yaml\n"
+        )
+        _write(tmp_path, f"nested/n{i}.yaml", f"api{i}: true\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "keys/${x}.yaml")
+    )
+    names = {p.name for p in discovered.files}
+    expected = {f"n{i}.yaml" for i in range(count)}
+    expected |= {f"k{i}.yaml" for i in range(count)}
+    expected.add("entry.yaml")
+    assert names == expected
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_bad_candidate_still_tracked(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A matched candidate that fails to parse warns even during discovery,
+    stays tracked (the load listener fires before parsing), and doesn't block
+    other candidates."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/good.yaml", "api:\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "keys/bad.yaml", "esphome: [unterminated\n")
+    with caplog.at_level("DEBUG", logger="esphome.yaml_util"):
+        discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+            _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "keys/${name}.yaml")
+        )
+    resolved = set(discovered.files)
+    assert (tmp_path / "keys/good.yaml").resolve() in resolved
+    assert (tmp_path / "keys/bad.yaml").resolve() in resolved
+    matching = [
+        r.levelname for r in caplog.records if "Failed to load candidate" in r.message
+    ]
+    assert matching == ["WARNING"]
+
+
+def test_discover_user_yaml_files_tolerates_templated_top_level_include(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """A literal include whose entire content is a templated ``!include`` is
+    tracked and skipped instead of aborting discovery."""
+    _write(tmp_path, "wrapper.yaml", "!include ${x}_settings.yaml\n")
+    discovered = discover_user_yaml_files(
+        _write_entry_including(tmp_path, "wrapper.yaml")
+    )
+    assert (tmp_path / "wrapper.yaml").resolve() in discovered.files
+
+
 def test_track_yaml_loads_records_resolved_paths(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """`track_yaml_loads` is the building block — sanity-check it resolves
     symlinks so callers can dedupe by identity."""
@@ -1349,6 +1663,57 @@ def test_sensitive_str__is_a_str_subclass() -> None:
     assert value == "hunter2"
 
 
+def test_dump_path_without_relative_to_is_unchanged() -> None:
+    """Test that Path values dump as str(path) when relative_to is not given."""
+    path = Path("some") / "dir" / "file.ttf"
+    output = yaml_util.dump({"file": path})
+    assert output.strip() == f"file: {path}"
+
+
+def test_dump_path_relative_to_anchor_dir() -> None:
+    """Test that Path values under relative_to dump as relative POSIX paths."""
+    anchor = Path("/config/esphome").absolute()
+    data = {"file": anchor / "fonts" / "arial.ttf"}
+    output = yaml_util.dump(data, relative_to=anchor)
+    assert output.strip() == "file: fonts/arial.ttf"
+
+
+def test_dump_path_outside_anchor_dir_walks_up() -> None:
+    """Test that Path values outside relative_to walk up with ".." segments."""
+    anchor = Path("/config/esphome").absolute()
+    outside = Path("/config/fonts/file.ttf").absolute()
+    output = yaml_util.dump({"file": outside}, relative_to=anchor)
+    assert output.strip() == "file: ../fonts/file.ttf"
+
+
+def test_dump_path_with_dotdot_segments_is_normalized() -> None:
+    """Test that ".." segments do not defeat relativization.
+
+    A path like /config/other/../esphome/fonts/x.ttf is under the anchor
+    once normalized, so it must dump as a plain relative path.
+    """
+    anchor = Path("/config/esphome").absolute()
+    path = Path("/config/other/../esphome/fonts/x.ttf").absolute()
+    output = yaml_util.dump({"file": path}, relative_to=anchor)
+    assert output.strip() == "file: fonts/x.ttf"
+
+
+def test_dump_path_dotdot_reference_outside_anchor() -> None:
+    """Test the relative_config_path("../...") shape stays relative."""
+    anchor = Path("/config/esphome").absolute()
+    path = anchor / ".." / "shared" / "font.ttf"
+    output = yaml_util.dump({"file": path}, relative_to=anchor)
+    assert output.strip() == "file: ../shared/font.ttf"
+
+
+def test_dump_relative_to_does_not_leak_between_calls() -> None:
+    """Test that the relative_to flag is scoped to a single dump call."""
+    anchor = Path("/config/esphome").absolute()
+    path = anchor / "fonts" / "arial.ttf"
+    assert "fonts/arial.ttf" in yaml_util.dump({"file": path}, relative_to=anchor)
+    assert yaml_util.dump({"file": path}).strip() == f"file: {path}"
+
+
 def test_dump__redacts_sensitive_str_by_default() -> None:
     out = yaml_util.dump({"password": SensitiveStr("hunter2")})
     assert "\\033[8mhunter2\\033[28m" in out
@@ -1440,3 +1805,122 @@ def test_merge_include_no_overlap_records_nothing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert result["api"] == {"reboot_timeout": "5min"}
     assert result["logger"] == {"level": "DEBUG"}
     assert yaml_util.take_dropped_merge_keys() == []
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# track_document_range=False (validated-config-cache fast path)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FAST_MODE_MAIN_YAML = """\
+defaults: &defaults
+  port: 6053
+  reboot_timeout: 15min
+
+esphome:
+  name: !secret devname
+
+api:
+  <<: *defaults
+  port: 6054
+
+number_value: 42
+float_value: 3.5
+lambda_value: !lambda 'return x * 2;'
+extend_value: !extend some_id
+remove_value: !remove some_id
+literal_value: !literal keep_me_verbatim
+included: !include included.yaml
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fast_mode_config_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    _write(tmp_path, "main.yaml", FAST_MODE_MAIN_YAML)
+    _write(tmp_path, "included.yaml", "inner_key: inner_value\ninner_num: 7\n")
+    _write(tmp_path, "secrets.yaml", "devname: livingroom\n")
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+def _resolve_includes(config: dict) -> dict:
+    return {
+        key: value.load() if isinstance(value, yaml_util.IncludeFile) else value
+        for key, value in config.items()
+    }
+
+
+def test_load_yaml_fast_mode_matches_default(fast_mode_config_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Both modes produce equal values; only the metadata wrapping differs."""
+    yaml_file = fast_mode_config_dir / "main.yaml"
+
+    normal = _resolve_includes(yaml_util.load_yaml(yaml_file))
+    fast = _resolve_includes(yaml_util.load_yaml(yaml_file, track_document_range=False))
+
+    # Lambda has no __eq__; compare it by value and the rest structurally.
+    fast_lambda = fast.pop("lambda_value")
+    normal_lambda = normal.pop("lambda_value")
+    assert fast == normal
+    assert isinstance(fast_lambda, core.Lambda)
+    assert fast_lambda.value == normal_lambda.value == "return x * 2;"
+    assert fast["esphome"]["name"] == "livingroom"
+    assert fast["api"]["port"] == 6054
+    assert fast["api"]["reboot_timeout"] == "15min"
+    assert fast["extend_value"] == Extend("some_id")
+    assert fast["remove_value"] == Remove("some_id")
+    # !literal wraps via make_literal, independent of range tracking.
+    assert isinstance(fast["literal_value"], ESPLiteralValue)
+    assert fast["literal_value"] == "keep_me_verbatim"
+
+    # Fast mode returns plain values; default mode keeps the range metadata.
+    assert not isinstance(fast["number_value"], ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert not isinstance(fast["float_value"], ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert all(type(key) is str for key in fast)
+    assert isinstance(normal["number_value"], ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert normal["number_value"].esp_range is not None
+    assert all(isinstance(key, ESPHomeDataBase) for key in normal)
+
+    # Nested includes inherit fast mode through the recursive loader.
+    included = fast["included"]
+    assert not isinstance(included["inner_num"], ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert all(type(key) is str for key in included)
+
+
+def test_load_yaml_fast_mode_survives_pure_python_fallback(
+    fast_mode_config_dir: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The ESPHomePurePythonLoader retry must honour fast mode too."""
+    yaml_file = fast_mode_config_dir / "main.yaml"
+
+    class _AlwaysFailingLoader(yaml_util.ESPHomeLoader):
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+            raise EsphomeError("forced fallback to the pure-Python loader")
+
+    with patch.object(yaml_util, "ESPHomeLoader", _AlwaysFailingLoader):
+        fast = yaml_util.load_yaml(yaml_file, track_document_range=False)
+
+    assert not isinstance(fast["number_value"], ESPHomeDataBase)
+    assert all(type(key) is str for key in fast)
+
+
+def test_load_yaml_fast_mode_rejects_custom_loader() -> None:
+    """A caller-supplied yaml_loader cannot combine with fast mode."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="default yaml_loader"):
+        yaml_util.parse_yaml(
+            Path("x.yaml"),
+            io.StringIO("a: 1"),
+            lambda f: {},
+            track_document_range=False,
+        )
+
+
+def test_load_yaml_fast_mode_records_dropped_merge_keys(
+    fast_mode_config_dir: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """The duplicate-merge-key bookkeeping must not crash on plain str keys.
+
+    With plain keys there is no esp_range, so the recorded location falls
+    back to the parent file name.
+    """
+    yaml_file = fast_mode_config_dir / "main.yaml"
+
+    yaml_util.load_yaml(yaml_file, track_document_range=False)
+    assert yaml_util.take_dropped_merge_keys() == [("port", str(yaml_file))]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..765e505c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_zephyr_library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""Tests for the Zephyr backend of the shared PlatformIO library converter."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+import esphome.components.zephyr.library as zlib
+from esphome.components.zephyr.library import (
+    generate_cmakelists_txt,
+    generate_module_yml,
+    generate_zephyr_modules,
+)
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Library
+from esphome.platformio.library import ConvertedLibrary, URLSource
+
+
+def _make_component(path: Path, name: str = "mylib") -> ConvertedLibrary:
+    c = ConvertedLibrary(name, "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    c.path = path
+    return c
+
+
+def test_generate_module_yml_uses_sanitized_name():
+    c = ConvertedLibrary("owner/My Lib", "1.0", source=URLSource("http://dummy"))
+    out = generate_module_yml(c)
+    # "/" -> "__" and " " -> "_" so it's a valid Zephyr module name.
+    assert "name: owner__My_Lib" in out
+    assert "cmake: zephyr" in out
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_basic(tmp_path):
+    c = _make_component(tmp_path)
+    src = tmp_path / "src"
+    src.mkdir()
+    (src / "main.c").write_text("int main() {}")
+    c.data = {}
+
+    out = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+
+    assert "zephyr_library_named(mylib)" in out
+    assert "zephyr_library_sources(" in out
+    # Sources are emitted as absolute paths (CMakeLists lives in zephyr/ subdir),
+    # backslash-escaped for CMake (matching the output on Windows).
+    assert str((src / "main.c").resolve()).replace("\\", "\\\\") in out
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_flags_and_includes(tmp_path):
+    c = _make_component(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "a.c").write_text("")
+    (tmp_path / "include").mkdir()
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": ["-Iinclude", "-DFOO", "-Wall", "-Llibdir", "-lm"]}}
+
+    out = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+
+    assert "zephyr_include_directories(" in out
+    assert str((tmp_path / "include").resolve()).replace("\\", "\\\\") in out
+    assert "zephyr_library_compile_options(" in out
+    assert "-DFOO" in out
+    assert "-Wall" in out
+    assert "zephyr_link_libraries(" in out
+    # -L paths are absolutised against the library dir (the CMakeLists lives in a
+    # zephyr/ subdir, so a relative path would resolve from the wrong place).
+    abs_libdir = str((tmp_path / "libdir").resolve()).replace("\\", "\\\\")
+    assert f"-L{abs_libdir}" in out
+    assert "-lm" in out
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_escapes_embedded_quotes(tmp_path):
+    """A define value carrying a literal quote (reachable via the lex
+    round-trip) survives as an escaped quote, not a broken CMake string."""
+    c = _make_component(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "a.c").write_text("")
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": ['-DMSG=\\"hi\\"']}}
+
+    out = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+    assert '"-DMSG=\\"hi\\""' in out
+
+
+def test_generate_cmakelists_txt_lexes_spaced_flags(tmp_path):
+    """A spaced -I entry routes to include dirs instead of landing verbatim
+    in compile options; same shared lexer as the espidf emitter."""
+    c = _make_component(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    (tmp_path / "src" / "a.c").write_text("")
+    (tmp_path / "include").mkdir()
+    c.data = {"build": {"flags": "-I include -DBAR=1"}}
+
+    out = generate_cmakelists_txt(c)
+
+    assert str((tmp_path / "include").resolve()).replace("\\", "\\\\") in out
+    assert "-DBAR=1" in out
+    assert "-I include" not in out
+
+
+def test_generate_zephyr_modules_collects_all_dirs_and_writes(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    # Two converted libraries: one top-level, one transitive dependency. The
+    # converter calls backend.emit for both; generate_zephyr_modules must return
+    # *all* module dirs (not just top-level) so every module is discoverable.
+    top = _make_component(tmp_path / "top", "top")
+    (top.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (top.path / "src" / "t.c").write_text("")
+    dep = _make_component(tmp_path / "dep", "dep")
+    (dep.path / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+    (dep.path / "src" / "d.c").write_text("")
+
+    captured = {}
+
+    def fake_convert(libraries, backend):
+        captured["platform"] = backend.platform
+        captured["framework"] = backend.framework
+        backend.emit(top)
+        backend.emit(dep)
+        return [top]
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(zlib, "convert_libraries", fake_convert)
+
+    dirs = generate_zephyr_modules([Library("top", "1.0", None)])
+
+    assert dirs == [top.path, dep.path]
+    # Platform check disabled for Zephyr; framework declared as zephyr.
+    assert captured["platform"] is None
+    assert captured["framework"] == "zephyr"
+    for comp in (top, dep):
+        assert (comp.path / "zephyr" / "module.yml").is_file()
+        assert (comp.path / "zephyr" / "CMakeLists.txt").is_file()
+
+
+def test_generate_zephyr_modules_errors_on_duplicate_module_name(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    # The same library referenced under inconsistent specs (e.g. bare vs
+    # owner-qualified, or git vs registry) resolves to two components with the
+    # same Zephyr module name, which would collide in zephyr_library_named().
+    a = _make_component(tmp_path / "a", "esphome/noise-c")
+    a.path.mkdir(parents=True)
+    b = _make_component(tmp_path / "b", "esphome/noise-c")
+    b.path.mkdir(parents=True)
+    assert a.get_require_name() == b.get_require_name()
+
+    def fake_convert(libraries, backend):
+        backend.emit(a)
+        backend.emit(b)
+        return [a]
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(zlib, "convert_libraries", fake_convert)
+
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="same Zephyr module"):
+        generate_zephyr_modules([Library("esphome/noise-c", "1.0", None)])