[benchmark] Add binary sensor publish and sensor filter benchmarks (#15035)

tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

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+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp

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+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with alternating values (forces state change every time)
+static void BinarySensorPublish_Alternating(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  // First publish to establish initial state
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_Alternating);
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with same value (tests dedup fast path)
+static void BinarySensorPublish_NoChange(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(true);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(true);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_NoChange);
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with a callback registered
+static void BinarySensorPublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  int callback_count = 0;
+  sensor.add_on_state_callback([&callback_count](bool) { callback_count++; });
+
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_count);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_WithCallback);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml

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+binary_sensor: