diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
index 0819a1bfb00..9316e90eda1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ static constexpr uint32_t RX_TICKS_PER_SECOND = 16000000;
 __attribute__((always_inline)) static inline uint32_t rx_now() { return micros() << 4; }
 bool ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_in_use = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
+bool ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_swapped = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
 uint32_t ESP8266UartComponent::get_config() {
   uint32_t config = 0;
 
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ void ESP8266UartComponent::setup() {
     this->hw_serial_->setRxBufferSize(this->rx_buffer_size_);
     this->hw_serial_->swap();
     ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_in_use = true;
+    ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_swapped = true;
   } else
 #endif  // USE_ESP8266_UART_SERIAL
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266_UART_SERIAL1
@@ -133,6 +136,11 @@ void ESP8266UartComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     SerialConfig config = static_cast<SerialConfig>(get_config());
     this->hw_serial_->begin(this->baud_rate_, config);
     this->hw_serial_->setRxBufferSize(this->rx_buffer_size_);
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_UART_SERIAL
+    // begin() puts UART0 back on GPIO1/GPIO3, so swap it again like setup() did for GPIO15/GPIO13
+    if (this->hw_serial_ == &Serial && ESP8266UartComponent::serial0_swapped)
+      this->hw_serial_->swap();
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266_UART_SERIAL
   } else {
     this->sw_serial_->setup(this->tx_pin_, this->rx_pin_, this->baud_rate_, this->stop_bits_, this->data_bits_,
                             this->parity_, this->rx_buffer_size_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
index 3d4a2ba85bc..a29373a9d4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ class ESP8266UartComponent final : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   ESP8266SoftwareSerial *sw_serial_{nullptr};
 
  private:
-  static bool serial0_in_use;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static bool serial0_in_use;   // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static bool serial0_swapped;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4c9d6fd7367..09d23e2925e 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ esphome:
       - uart.write:
           id: uart_id
           data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(uart_swapped).load_settings(false);
 
 uart:
   - id: uart_id
@@ -23,6 +25,10 @@ uart:
     baud_rate: 115200
     debug:
       debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
+  - id: uart_swapped
+    tx_pin: 15
+    rx_pin: 13
+    baud_rate: 9600
 
 switch:
   - platform: uart