From 8f74b027b48e102f96551a6a6b8d0857ce72fc44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 16:40:32 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] Bump setuptools from 80.10.2 to 82.0.0 (#13897)

---
 pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 1bd43ea2f12..339bc65eed0 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools==80.10.2", "wheel>=0.43,<0.47"]
+requires = ["setuptools==82.0.0", "wheel>=0.43,<0.47"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]

From 475db750e08ebc6c76f4a05695f66c49bca3efce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 17:41:16 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] [uart] Change available() return type from int to
 size_t (#13893)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp              |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart.h                    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.cpp        |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h          |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp    | 15 +++++++++------
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h  |  4 ++--
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h  |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp   |  7 ++++---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h     |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp  |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h      |  2 +-
 .../components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp  |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h            |  2 +-
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp              |  2 +-
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h                |  2 +-
 tests/components/uart/common.h                    |  2 +-
 21 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
index 95dd689b074..b408c5549c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
@@ -46,16 +46,16 @@ static const uint32_t PKT_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
 
 void BL0942::loop() {
   DataPacket buffer;
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
 
   if (!avail) {
     return;
   }
-  if (static_cast<size_t>(avail) < sizeof(buffer)) {
+  if (avail < sizeof(buffer)) {
     if (!this->rx_start_) {
       this->rx_start_ = millis();
     } else if (millis() > this->rx_start_ + PKT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Junk on wire. Throwing away partial message (%d bytes)", avail);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Junk on wire. Throwing away partial message (%zu bytes)", avail);
       this->read_array((uint8_t *) &buffer, avail);
       this->rx_start_ = 0;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
index ef93964a283..be412d62a84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ void Tormatic::stop_at_target_() {
 // Read a GateStatus from the unit. The unit only sends messages in response to
 // status requests or commands, so a message needs to be sent first.
 optional<GateStatus> Tormatic::read_gate_status_() {
-  if (this->available() < static_cast<int>(sizeof(MessageHeader))) {
+  if (this->available() < sizeof(MessageHeader)) {
     return {};
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
index 72c282f1c4f..bb91e5cd7c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class UARTDevice {
     return res;
   }
 
-  int available() { return this->parent_->available(); }
+  size_t available() { return this->parent_->available(); }
 
   void flush() { this->parent_->flush(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.cpp
index 30fc208fc91..762e56c3990 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.cpp
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
 bool UARTComponent::check_read_timeout_(size_t len) {
-  if (this->available() >= int(len))
+  if (this->available() >= len)
     return true;
 
   uint32_t start_time = millis();
-  while (this->available() < int(len)) {
+  while (this->available() < len) {
     if (millis() - start_time > 100) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reading from UART timed out at byte %u!", this->available());
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reading from UART timed out at byte %zu!", this->available());
       return false;
     }
     yield();
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index ea6e1562f4b..b6ffbbd51f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class UARTComponent {
 
   // Pure virtual method to return the number of bytes available for reading.
   // @return Number of available bytes.
-  virtual int available() = 0;
+  virtual size_t available() = 0;
 
   // Pure virtual method to block until all bytes have been written to the UART bus.
   virtual void flush() = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
index 504d494e2e9..3ebf381c846 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ bool ESP8266UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 #endif
   return true;
 }
-int ESP8266UartComponent::available() {
+size_t ESP8266UartComponent::available() {
   if (this->hw_serial_ != nullptr) {
     return this->hw_serial_->available();
   } else {
@@ -329,11 +329,14 @@ uint8_t ESP8266SoftwareSerial::peek_byte() {
 void ESP8266SoftwareSerial::flush() {
   // Flush is a NO-OP with software serial, all bytes are written immediately.
 }
-int ESP8266SoftwareSerial::available() {
-  int avail = int(this->rx_in_pos_) - int(this->rx_out_pos_);
-  if (avail < 0)
-    return avail + this->rx_buffer_size_;
-  return avail;
+size_t ESP8266SoftwareSerial::available() {
+  // Read volatile rx_in_pos_ once to avoid TOCTOU race with ISR.
+  // When in >= out, data is contiguous: [out..in).
+  // When in < out, data wraps: [out..buf_size) + [0..in).
+  size_t in = this->rx_in_pos_;
+  if (in >= this->rx_out_pos_)
+    return in - this->rx_out_pos_;
+  return this->rx_buffer_size_ - this->rx_out_pos_ + in;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
index e33dd00644a..e84cbe386d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class ESP8266SoftwareSerial {
 
   void write_byte(uint8_t data);
 
-  int available();
+  size_t available();
 
  protected:
   static void gpio_intr(ESP8266SoftwareSerial *arg);
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class ESP8266UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
 
   uint32_t get_config();
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 90997787aa0..19b9a4077fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ bool IDFUARTComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return read_len == (int32_t) length_to_read;
 }
 
-int IDFUARTComponent::available() {
+size_t IDFUARTComponent::available() {
   size_t available = 0;
   esp_err_t err;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index bd6d0c792e6..1ecb02d7ab6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
 
   uint8_t get_hw_serial_number() { return this->uart_num_; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
index 69b24607d18..0e5ef3c6bd3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ bool HostUartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 
-int HostUartComponent::available() {
+size_t HostUartComponent::available() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ == -1) {
     return 0;
   }
@@ -275,9 +275,10 @@ int HostUartComponent::available() {
     this->update_error_(strerror(errno));
     return 0;
   }
+  size_t result = available;
   if (this->has_peek_)
-    available++;
-  return available;
+    result++;
+  return result;
 };
 
 void HostUartComponent::flush() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
index a4a6946c0c2..89b951093b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class HostUartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
   void set_name(std::string port_name) { port_name_ = port_name; };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
index 863732c88d1..cb4465068d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ bool LibreTinyUARTComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 
-int LibreTinyUARTComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
+size_t LibreTinyUARTComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
 void LibreTinyUARTComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
index ec13e7da5a3..31f082d31e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class LibreTinyUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
 
   uint16_t get_config();
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
index 5799d26a54a..0c6834055c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ bool RP2040UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 #endif
   return true;
 }
-int RP2040UartComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
+size_t RP2040UartComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
 void RP2040UartComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
index d626d11a2e4..4ca58e8dc60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class RP2040UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
 
   uint16_t get_config();
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
index 065d7282d5f..ddcc65232d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMC
   void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
index 224d6e3ab18..d33fb80f781 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
@@ -318,12 +318,12 @@ bool USBCDCACMInstance::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return bytes_read == original_len;
 }
 
-int USBCDCACMInstance::available() {
+size_t USBCDCACMInstance::available() {
   UBaseType_t waiting = 0;
   if (this->usb_rx_ringbuf_ != nullptr) {
     vRingbufferGetInfo(this->usb_rx_ringbuf_, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &waiting);
   }
-  return static_cast<int>(waiting) + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
+  return waiting + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 96c17bd1559..94e61204575 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   ;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  int available() override { return static_cast<int>(this->input_buffer_.get_available()); }
+  size_t available() override { return this->input_buffer_.get_available(); }
   void flush() override {}
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
index d0a8f8366b6..1d835daf1ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ bool WeikaiChannel::peek_byte(uint8_t *buffer) {
   return this->receive_buffer_.peek(*buffer);
 }
 
-int WeikaiChannel::available() {
+size_t WeikaiChannel::available() {
   size_t available = this->receive_buffer_.count();
   if (!available)
     available = xfer_fifo_to_buffer_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
index 4440d9414e1..43c3a1e4f4c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class WeikaiChannel : public uart::UARTComponent {
 
   /// @brief Returns the number of bytes in the receive buffer
   /// @return the number of bytes available in the receiver fifo
-  int available() override;
+  size_t available() override;
 
   /// @brief Flush the output fifo.
   /// @details If we refer to Serial.flush() in Arduino it says: ** Waits for the transmission of outgoing serial data
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/common.h b/tests/components/uart/common.h
index 5597b864103..1f9bfa15e7f 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/uart/common.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public UARTComponent {
 
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(int, available, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };

From 7c1327f96ae904641800650deb4c95348fc23fd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: George Joseph <gtjoseph@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 15:44:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] [mipi_dsi] Add WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD 3.4C
 and 4C (#13840)

---
 .../components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py   | 98 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
index f83cacc5a3e..bf4f9063bb8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -120,3 +120,101 @@ DriverChip(
         (0xB2, 0x10),
     ],
 )
+
+DriverChip(
+    "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-3.4C",
+    height=800,
+    width=800,
+    hsync_back_porch=20,
+    hsync_pulse_width=20,
+    hsync_front_porch=40,
+    vsync_back_porch=12,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_front_porch=24,
+    pclk_frequency="80MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
+    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
+    color_order="RGB",
+    initsequence=[
+        (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
+        (0xE1, 0x93), (0xE2, 0x65), (0xE3, 0xF8),
+        (0x80, 0x01),  # Select number of lanes (2)
+        (0xE0, 0x01),  # select page 1
+        (0x00, 0x00), (0x01, 0x41), (0x03, 0x10), (0x04, 0x44), (0x17, 0x00), (0x18, 0xD0), (0x19, 0x00), (0x1A, 0x00),
+        (0x1B, 0xD0), (0x1C, 0x00), (0x24, 0xFE), (0x35, 0x26), (0x37, 0x09), (0x38, 0x04), (0x39, 0x08), (0x3A, 0x0A),
+        (0x3C, 0x78), (0x3D, 0xFF), (0x3E, 0xFF), (0x3F, 0xFF), (0x40, 0x00), (0x41, 0x64), (0x42, 0xC7), (0x43, 0x18),
+        (0x44, 0x0B), (0x45, 0x14), (0x55, 0x02), (0x57, 0x49), (0x59, 0x0A), (0x5A, 0x1B), (0x5B, 0x19), (0x5D, 0x7F),
+        (0x5E, 0x56), (0x5F, 0x43), (0x60, 0x37), (0x61, 0x33), (0x62, 0x25), (0x63, 0x2A), (0x64, 0x16), (0x65, 0x30),
+        (0x66, 0x2F), (0x67, 0x32), (0x68, 0x53), (0x69, 0x43), (0x6A, 0x4C), (0x6B, 0x40), (0x6C, 0x3D), (0x6D, 0x31),
+        (0x6E, 0x20), (0x6F, 0x0F), (0x70, 0x7F), (0x71, 0x56), (0x72, 0x43), (0x73, 0x37), (0x74, 0x33), (0x75, 0x25),
+        (0x76, 0x2A), (0x77, 0x16), (0x78, 0x30), (0x79, 0x2F), (0x7A, 0x32), (0x7B, 0x53), (0x7C, 0x43), (0x7D, 0x4C),
+        (0x7E, 0x40), (0x7F, 0x3D), (0x80, 0x31), (0x81, 0x20), (0x82, 0x0F),
+        (0xE0, 0x02),  # select page 2
+        (0x00, 0x5F), (0x01, 0x5F), (0x02, 0x5E), (0x03, 0x5E), (0x04, 0x50), (0x05, 0x48), (0x06, 0x48), (0x07, 0x4A),
+        (0x08, 0x4A), (0x09, 0x44), (0x0A, 0x44), (0x0B, 0x46), (0x0C, 0x46), (0x0D, 0x5F), (0x0E, 0x5F), (0x0F, 0x57),
+        (0x10, 0x57), (0x11, 0x77), (0x12, 0x77), (0x13, 0x40), (0x14, 0x42), (0x15, 0x5F), (0x16, 0x5F), (0x17, 0x5F),
+        (0x18, 0x5E), (0x19, 0x5E), (0x1A, 0x50), (0x1B, 0x49), (0x1C, 0x49), (0x1D, 0x4B), (0x1E, 0x4B), (0x1F, 0x45),
+        (0x20, 0x45), (0x21, 0x47), (0x22, 0x47), (0x23, 0x5F), (0x24, 0x5F), (0x25, 0x57), (0x26, 0x57), (0x27, 0x77),
+        (0x28, 0x77), (0x29, 0x41), (0x2A, 0x43), (0x2B, 0x5F), (0x2C, 0x1E), (0x2D, 0x1E), (0x2E, 0x1F), (0x2F, 0x1F),
+        (0x30, 0x10), (0x31, 0x07), (0x32, 0x07), (0x33, 0x05), (0x34, 0x05), (0x35, 0x0B), (0x36, 0x0B), (0x37, 0x09),
+        (0x38, 0x09), (0x39, 0x1F), (0x3A, 0x1F), (0x3B, 0x17), (0x3C, 0x17), (0x3D, 0x17), (0x3E, 0x17), (0x3F, 0x03),
+        (0x40, 0x01), (0x41, 0x1F), (0x42, 0x1E), (0x43, 0x1E), (0x44, 0x1F), (0x45, 0x1F), (0x46, 0x10), (0x47, 0x06),
+        (0x48, 0x06), (0x49, 0x04), (0x4A, 0x04), (0x4B, 0x0A), (0x4C, 0x0A), (0x4D, 0x08), (0x4E, 0x08), (0x4F, 0x1F),
+        (0x50, 0x1F), (0x51, 0x17), (0x52, 0x17), (0x53, 0x17), (0x54, 0x17), (0x55, 0x02), (0x56, 0x00), (0x57, 0x1F),
+        (0xE0, 0x02),  # select page 2
+        (0x58, 0x40), (0x59, 0x00), (0x5A, 0x00), (0x5B, 0x30), (0x5C, 0x01), (0x5D, 0x30), (0x5E, 0x01), (0x5F, 0x02),
+        (0x60, 0x30), (0x61, 0x03), (0x62, 0x04), (0x63, 0x04), (0x64, 0xA6), (0x65, 0x43), (0x66, 0x30), (0x67, 0x73),
+        (0x68, 0x05), (0x69, 0x04), (0x6A, 0x7F), (0x6B, 0x08), (0x6C, 0x00), (0x6D, 0x04), (0x6E, 0x04), (0x6F, 0x88),
+        (0x75, 0xD9), (0x76, 0x00), (0x77, 0x33), (0x78, 0x43),
+        (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
+    ],
+)
+
+DriverChip(
+    "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-4C",
+    height=720,
+    width=720,
+    hsync_back_porch=20,
+    hsync_pulse_width=20,
+    hsync_front_porch=40,
+    vsync_back_porch=12,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_front_porch=24,
+    pclk_frequency="80MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
+    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
+    color_order="RGB",
+    initsequence=[
+        (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
+        (0xE1, 0x93), (0xE2, 0x65), (0xE3, 0xF8),
+        (0x80, 0x01),  # Select number of lanes (2)
+        (0xE0, 0x01),  # select page 1
+        (0x00, 0x00), (0x01, 0x41), (0x03, 0x10), (0x04, 0x44), (0x17, 0x00), (0x18, 0xD0), (0x19, 0x00), (0x1A, 0x00),
+        (0x1B, 0xD0), (0x1C, 0x00), (0x24, 0xFE), (0x35, 0x26), (0x37, 0x09), (0x38, 0x04), (0x39, 0x08), (0x3A, 0x0A),
+        (0x3C, 0x78), (0x3D, 0xFF), (0x3E, 0xFF), (0x3F, 0xFF), (0x40, 0x04), (0x41, 0x64), (0x42, 0xC7), (0x43, 0x18),
+        (0x44, 0x0B), (0x45, 0x14), (0x55, 0x02), (0x57, 0x49), (0x59, 0x0A), (0x5A, 0x1B), (0x5B, 0x19), (0x5D, 0x7F),
+        (0x5E, 0x56), (0x5F, 0x43), (0x60, 0x37), (0x61, 0x33), (0x62, 0x25), (0x63, 0x2A), (0x64, 0x16), (0x65, 0x30),
+        (0x66, 0x2F), (0x67, 0x32), (0x68, 0x53), (0x69, 0x43), (0x6A, 0x4C), (0x6B, 0x40), (0x6C, 0x3D), (0x6D, 0x31),
+        (0x6E, 0x20), (0x6F, 0x0F), (0x70, 0x7F), (0x71, 0x56), (0x72, 0x43), (0x73, 0x37), (0x74, 0x33), (0x75, 0x25),
+        (0x76, 0x2A), (0x77, 0x16), (0x78, 0x30), (0x79, 0x2F), (0x7A, 0x32), (0x7B, 0x53), (0x7C, 0x43), (0x7D, 0x4C),
+        (0x7E, 0x40), (0x7F, 0x3D), (0x80, 0x31), (0x81, 0x20), (0x82, 0x0F),
+        (0xE0, 0x02),  # select page 2
+        (0x00, 0x5F), (0x01, 0x5F), (0x02, 0x5E), (0x03, 0x5E), (0x04, 0x50), (0x05, 0x48), (0x06, 0x48), (0x07, 0x4A),
+        (0x08, 0x4A), (0x09, 0x44), (0x0A, 0x44), (0x0B, 0x46), (0x0C, 0x46), (0x0D, 0x5F), (0x0E, 0x5F), (0x0F, 0x57),
+        (0x10, 0x57), (0x11, 0x77), (0x12, 0x77), (0x13, 0x40), (0x14, 0x42), (0x15, 0x5F), (0x16, 0x5F), (0x17, 0x5F),
+        (0x18, 0x5E), (0x19, 0x5E), (0x1A, 0x50), (0x1B, 0x49), (0x1C, 0x49), (0x1D, 0x4B), (0x1E, 0x4B), (0x1F, 0x45),
+        (0x20, 0x45), (0x21, 0x47), (0x22, 0x47), (0x23, 0x5F), (0x24, 0x5F), (0x25, 0x57), (0x26, 0x57), (0x27, 0x77),
+        (0x28, 0x77), (0x29, 0x41), (0x2A, 0x43), (0x2B, 0x5F), (0x2C, 0x1E), (0x2D, 0x1E), (0x2E, 0x1F), (0x2F, 0x1F),
+        (0x30, 0x10), (0x31, 0x07), (0x32, 0x07), (0x33, 0x05), (0x34, 0x05), (0x35, 0x0B), (0x36, 0x0B), (0x37, 0x09),
+        (0x38, 0x09), (0x39, 0x1F), (0x3A, 0x1F), (0x3B, 0x17), (0x3C, 0x17), (0x3D, 0x17), (0x3E, 0x17), (0x3F, 0x03),
+        (0x40, 0x01), (0x41, 0x1F), (0x42, 0x1E), (0x43, 0x1E), (0x44, 0x1F), (0x45, 0x1F), (0x46, 0x10), (0x47, 0x06),
+        (0x48, 0x06), (0x49, 0x04), (0x4A, 0x04), (0x4B, 0x0A), (0x4C, 0x0A), (0x4D, 0x08), (0x4E, 0x08), (0x4F, 0x1F),
+        (0x50, 0x1F), (0x51, 0x17), (0x52, 0x17), (0x53, 0x17), (0x54, 0x17), (0x55, 0x02), (0x56, 0x00), (0x57, 0x1F),
+        (0xE0, 0x02),  # select page 2
+        (0x58, 0x40), (0x59, 0x00), (0x5A, 0x00), (0x5B, 0x30), (0x5C, 0x01), (0x5D, 0x30), (0x5E, 0x01), (0x5F, 0x02),
+        (0x60, 0x30), (0x61, 0x03), (0x62, 0x04), (0x63, 0x04), (0x64, 0xA6), (0x65, 0x43), (0x66, 0x30), (0x67, 0x73),
+        (0x68, 0x05), (0x69, 0x04), (0x6A, 0x7F), (0x6B, 0x08), (0x6C, 0x00), (0x6D, 0x04), (0x6E, 0x04), (0x6F, 0x88),
+        (0x75, 0xD9), (0x76, 0x00), (0x77, 0x33), (0x78, 0x43),
+        (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
+    ]
+)

From 3767c5ec91c7ab483a8a68982b82cdd028cc5546 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 16:48:08 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] [scheduler] Make core timer ID collisions impossible
 with type-safe internal IDs (#13882)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>

From dacc557a16232b4e51e47609fa94ce7f66808c70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:15:48 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] [uart] Convert parity_to_str to PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE
 (#13805)

---
 esphome/components/uart/uart.cpp | 15 +++++----------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart.cpp
index 6cfd6537a59..337fa352c14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart.cpp
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uart";
 
+// UART parity strings indexed by UARTParityOptions enum (0-2): NONE, EVEN, ODD
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(UARTParityStrings, "NONE", "EVEN", "ODD", "UNKNOWN");
+
 void UARTDevice::check_uart_settings(uint32_t baud_rate, uint8_t stop_bits, UARTParityOptions parity,
                                      uint8_t data_bits) {
   if (this->parent_->get_baud_rate() != baud_rate) {
@@ -30,16 +34,7 @@ void UARTDevice::check_uart_settings(uint32_t baud_rate, uint8_t stop_bits, UART
 }
 
 const LogString *parity_to_str(UARTParityOptions parity) {
-  switch (parity) {
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE:
-      return LOG_STR("NONE");
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN:
-      return LOG_STR("EVEN");
-    case UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD:
-      return LOG_STR("ODD");
-    default:
-      return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
-  }
+  return UARTParityStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(parity), UARTParityStrings::LAST_INDEX);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart

From 78df8be31fd061cba7a09179db45977aba08e6e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:16:27 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] [logger] Resolve thread name once and pass through
 logging chain (#13836)

---
 esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp          |  43 ++++---
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h            | 114 +++++++++---------
 .../logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.cpp          |   3 +-
 .../components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.h |   2 +-
 .../logger/task_log_buffer_host.cpp           |  12 +-
 .../components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.h  |   3 +-
 .../logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp      |   3 +-
 .../logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h        |   2 +-
 8 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 4cbd4f1bf1b..bb20c403e53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const ch
 #endif
 
   // Fast path: main thread, no recursion (99.9% of all logs)
+  // Pass nullptr for thread_name since we already know this is the main task
   if (is_main_task && !this->main_task_recursion_guard_) [[likely]] {
-    this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(this->main_task_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args);
+    this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(this->main_task_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args, nullptr);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -47,21 +48,23 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const ch
   }
 
   // Non-main thread handling (~0.1% of logs)
+  // Resolve thread name once and pass it through the logging chain.
+  // ESP32/LibreTiny: use TaskHandle_t overload to avoid redundant xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle()
+  // (we already have the handle from the main task check above).
+  // Host: pass a stack buffer for pthread_getname_np to write into.
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-  this->log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(level, tag, line, format, args, current_task);
+  const char *thread_name = get_thread_name_(current_task);
 #else  // USE_HOST
-  this->log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(level, tag, line, format, args);
+  char thread_name_buf[THREAD_NAME_BUF_SIZE];
+  const char *thread_name = this->get_thread_name_(thread_name_buf);
 #endif
+  this->log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(level, tag, line, format, args, thread_name);
 }
 
 // Handles non-main thread logging only
 // Kept separate from hot path to improve instruction cache performance
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 void Logger::log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args,
-                                          TaskHandle_t current_task) {
-#else  // USE_HOST
-void Logger::log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {
-#endif
+                                          const char *thread_name) {
   // Check if already in recursion for this non-main thread/task
   if (this->is_non_main_task_recursive_()) {
     return;
@@ -73,12 +76,8 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int li
   bool message_sent = false;
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
   // For non-main threads/tasks, queue the message for callbacks
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   message_sent =
-      this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(level, tag, static_cast<uint16_t>(line), current_task, format, args);
-#else  // USE_HOST
-  message_sent = this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(level, tag, static_cast<uint16_t>(line), format, args);
-#endif
+      this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(level, tag, static_cast<uint16_t>(line), thread_name, format, args);
   if (message_sent) {
     // Enable logger loop to process the buffered message
     // This is safe to call from any context including ISRs
@@ -101,19 +100,27 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int li
 #endif
     char console_buffer[MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE];  // MUST be stack allocated for thread safety
     LogBuffer buf{console_buffer, MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE};
-    this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, buf);
+    this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, buf, thread_name);
     this->write_to_console_(buf);
   }
 
   // RAII guard automatically resets on return
 }
 #else
-// Implementation for all other platforms (single-task, no threading)
+// Implementation for single-task platforms (ESP8266, RP2040, Zephyr)
+// TODO: Zephyr may have multiple threads (work queues, etc.) but uses this single-task path.
+// Logging calls are NOT thread-safe: global_recursion_guard_ is a plain bool and tx_buffer_ has no locking.
+// Not a problem in practice yet since Zephyr has no API support (logs are console-only).
 void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
   if (level > this->level_for(tag) || global_recursion_guard_)
     return;
-
-  this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(global_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args);
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  char tmp[MAX_POINTER_REPRESENTATION];
+  this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(global_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args,
+                                        this->get_thread_name_(tmp));
+#else  // Other single-task platforms don't have thread names, so pass nullptr
+  this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(global_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args, nullptr);
+#endif
 }
 #endif  // USE_ESP32 / USE_HOST / USE_LIBRETINY
 
@@ -129,7 +136,7 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const __Flas
   if (level > this->level_for(tag) || global_recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
-  this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(global_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args);
+  this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(global_recursion_guard_, level, tag, line, format, args, nullptr);
 }
 #endif  // USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 1678fed5f5e..ecf032ee0ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <map>
+#include <span>
 #include <type_traits>
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST)
 #include <pthread.h>
@@ -124,6 +125,10 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 128;
 // "0x" + 2 hex digits per byte + '\0'
 static constexpr size_t MAX_POINTER_REPRESENTATION = 2 + sizeof(void *) * 2 + 1;
 
+// Stack buffer size for retrieving thread/task names from the OS
+// macOS allows up to 64 bytes, Linux up to 16
+static constexpr size_t THREAD_NAME_BUF_SIZE = 64;
+
 // Buffer wrapper for log formatting functions
 struct LogBuffer {
   char *data;
@@ -408,34 +413,24 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   // Handles non-main thread logging only (~0.1% of calls)
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-  // ESP32/LibreTiny: Pass task handle to avoid calling xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle() twice
+  // thread_name is resolved by the caller from the task handle, avoiding redundant lookups
   void log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args,
-                                    TaskHandle_t current_task);
-#else  // USE_HOST
-  // Host: No task handle parameter needed (not used in send_message_thread_safe)
-  void log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args);
-#endif
+                                    const char *thread_name);
 #endif
   void process_messages_();
   void write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len);
 
   // Format a log message with printf-style arguments and write it to a buffer with header, footer, and null terminator
+  // thread_name: name of the calling thread/task, or nullptr for main task (callers already know which task they're on)
   inline void HOT format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format,
-                                                        va_list args, LogBuffer &buf) {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_HOST)
-    buf.write_header(level, tag, line, this->get_thread_name_());
-#elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-    char tmp[MAX_POINTER_REPRESENTATION];
-    buf.write_header(level, tag, line, this->get_thread_name_(tmp));
-#else
-    buf.write_header(level, tag, line, nullptr);
-#endif
+                                                        va_list args, LogBuffer &buf, const char *thread_name) {
+    buf.write_header(level, tag, line, thread_name);
     buf.format_body(format, args);
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
   // Format a log message with flash string format and write it to a buffer with header, footer, and null terminator
+  // ESP8266-only (single-task), thread_name is always nullptr
   inline void HOT format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_P_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line,
                                                           const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args,
                                                           LogBuffer &buf) {
@@ -466,9 +461,10 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 
   // Helper to format and send a log message to both console and listeners
   // Template handles both const char* (RAM) and __FlashStringHelper* (flash) format strings
+  // thread_name: name of the calling thread/task, or nullptr for main task
   template<typename FormatType>
   inline void HOT log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(bool &recursion_guard, uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line,
-                                                  FormatType format, va_list args) {
+                                                  FormatType format, va_list args, const char *thread_name) {
     RecursionGuard guard(recursion_guard);
     LogBuffer buf{this->tx_buffer_, this->tx_buffer_size_};
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
@@ -477,7 +473,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
     } else
 #endif
     {
-      this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, buf);
+      this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, buf, thread_name);
     }
     this->notify_listeners_(level, tag, buf);
     this->write_log_buffer_to_console_(buf);
@@ -565,37 +561,57 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   bool global_recursion_guard_{false};  // Simple global recursion guard for single-task platforms
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-  const char *HOT get_thread_name_(
-#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
-      char *buff
+  // --- get_thread_name_ overloads (per-platform) ---
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  // Primary overload - takes a task handle directly to avoid redundant xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle() calls
+  // when the caller already has the handle (e.g. from the main task check in log_vprintf_)
+  const char *get_thread_name_(TaskHandle_t task) {
+    if (task == this->main_task_) {
+      return nullptr;  // Main task
+    }
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+    return pcTaskGetName(task);
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+    return pcTaskGetTaskName(task);
 #endif
-  ) {
-#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  }
+
+  // Convenience overload - gets the current task handle and delegates
+  const char *HOT get_thread_name_() { return this->get_thread_name_(xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle()); }
+
+#elif defined(USE_HOST)
+  // Takes a caller-provided buffer for the thread name (stack-allocated for thread safety)
+  const char *HOT get_thread_name_(std::span<char> buff) {
+    pthread_t current_thread = pthread_self();
+    if (pthread_equal(current_thread, main_thread_)) {
+      return nullptr;  // Main thread
+    }
+    // For non-main threads, get the thread name into the caller-provided buffer
+    if (pthread_getname_np(current_thread, buff.data(), buff.size()) == 0) {
+      return buff.data();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+#elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  const char *HOT get_thread_name_(std::span<char> buff) {
     k_tid_t current_task = k_current_get();
-#else
-    TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
-#endif
     if (current_task == main_task_) {
       return nullptr;  // Main task
-    } else {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
-      return pcTaskGetName(current_task);
-#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-      return pcTaskGetTaskName(current_task);
-#elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-      const char *name = k_thread_name_get(current_task);
-      if (name) {
-        // zephyr print task names only if debug component is present
-        return name;
-      }
-      std::snprintf(buff, MAX_POINTER_REPRESENTATION, "%p", current_task);
-      return buff;
-#endif
     }
+    const char *name = k_thread_name_get(current_task);
+    if (name) {
+      // zephyr print task names only if debug component is present
+      return name;
+    }
+    std::snprintf(buff.data(), buff.size(), "%p", current_task);
+    return buff.data();
   }
 #endif
 
+  // --- Non-main task recursion guards (per-platform) ---
+
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST)
   // RAII guard for non-main task recursion using pthread TLS
   class NonMainTaskRecursionGuard {
@@ -635,22 +651,6 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   inline RecursionGuard make_non_main_task_guard_() { return RecursionGuard(non_main_task_recursion_guard_); }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_HOST
-  const char *HOT get_thread_name_() {
-    pthread_t current_thread = pthread_self();
-    if (pthread_equal(current_thread, main_thread_)) {
-      return nullptr;  // Main thread
-    }
-    // For non-main threads, return the thread name
-    // We store it in thread-local storage to avoid allocation
-    static thread_local char thread_name_buf[32];
-    if (pthread_getname_np(current_thread, thread_name_buf, sizeof(thread_name_buf)) == 0) {
-      return thread_name_buf;
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-#endif
-
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   // Disable loop when task buffer is empty (with USB CDC check on ESP32)
   inline void disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.cpp
index b9dfe45b7fa..56c0a4ae2d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void TaskLogBuffer::release_message_main_loop(void *token) {
   last_processed_counter_ = message_counter_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
-bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, TaskHandle_t task_handle,
+bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *thread_name,
                                              const char *format, va_list args) {
   // First, calculate the exact length needed using a null buffer (no actual writing)
   va_list args_copy;
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uin
   // Store the thread name now instead of waiting until main loop processing
   // This avoids crashes if the task completes or is deleted between when this message
   // is enqueued and when it's processed by the main loop
-  const char *thread_name = pcTaskGetName(task_handle);
   if (thread_name != nullptr) {
     strncpy(msg->thread_name, thread_name, sizeof(msg->thread_name) - 1);
     msg->thread_name[sizeof(msg->thread_name) - 1] = '\0';  // Ensure null termination
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.h b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.h
index fde9bd60d5e..6c1bafaeba3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_esp32.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class TaskLogBuffer {
   void release_message_main_loop(void *token);
 
   // Thread-safe - send a message to the ring buffer from any thread
-  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, TaskHandle_t task_handle,
+  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *thread_name,
                                 const char *format, va_list args);
 
   // Check if there are messages ready to be processed using an atomic counter for performance
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.cpp
index 0660aeb0611..676686304a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ void TaskLogBufferHost::commit_write_slot_(int slot_index) {
   }
 }
 
-bool TaskLogBufferHost::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *format,
-                                                 va_list args) {
+bool TaskLogBufferHost::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *thread_name,
+                                                 const char *format, va_list args) {
   // Acquire a slot
   int slot_index = this->acquire_write_slot_();
   if (slot_index < 0) {
@@ -85,11 +85,9 @@ bool TaskLogBufferHost::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag,
   msg.tag = tag;
   msg.line = line;
 
-  // Get thread name using pthread
-  char thread_name_buf[LogMessage::MAX_THREAD_NAME_SIZE];
-  // pthread_getname_np works the same on Linux and macOS
-  if (pthread_getname_np(pthread_self(), thread_name_buf, sizeof(thread_name_buf)) == 0) {
-    strncpy(msg.thread_name, thread_name_buf, sizeof(msg.thread_name) - 1);
+  // Store the thread name now to avoid crashes if thread exits before processing
+  if (thread_name != nullptr) {
+    strncpy(msg.thread_name, thread_name, sizeof(msg.thread_name) - 1);
     msg.thread_name[sizeof(msg.thread_name) - 1] = '\0';
   } else {
     msg.thread_name[0] = '\0';
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.h b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.h
index d421d50ec6a..f8e4ee7bee5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_host.h
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ class TaskLogBufferHost {
 
   // Thread-safe - send a message to the buffer from any thread
   // Returns true if message was queued, false if buffer is full
-  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *format, va_list args);
+  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *thread_name,
+                                const char *format, va_list args);
 
   // Check if there are messages ready to be processed
   inline bool HOT has_messages() const {
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp
index 580066e621d..5a22857dcb1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.cpp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void TaskLogBufferLibreTiny::release_message_main_loop() {
 }
 
 bool TaskLogBufferLibreTiny::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line,
-                                                      TaskHandle_t task_handle, const char *format, va_list args) {
+                                                      const char *thread_name, const char *format, va_list args) {
   // First, calculate the exact length needed using a null buffer (no actual writing)
   va_list args_copy;
   va_copy(args_copy, args);
@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ bool TaskLogBufferLibreTiny::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char
   msg->line = line;
 
   // Store the thread name now to avoid crashes if task is deleted before processing
-  const char *thread_name = pcTaskGetTaskName(task_handle);
   if (thread_name != nullptr) {
     strncpy(msg->thread_name, thread_name, sizeof(msg->thread_name) - 1);
     msg->thread_name[sizeof(msg->thread_name) - 1] = '\0';
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h
index bf6b2d2fa4b..bf315e828a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer_libretiny.h
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TaskLogBufferLibreTiny {
   void release_message_main_loop();
 
   // Thread-safe - send a message to the buffer from any thread
-  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, TaskHandle_t task_handle,
+  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, const char *thread_name,
                                 const char *format, va_list args);
 
   // Fast check using volatile counter - no lock needed

From bcd4a9fc39a3a35e4ea58d28f2bfc9495e7790bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:20:53 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] [pylontech] Batch UART reads to reduce loop overhead
 (#13824)

---
 esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp | 22 ++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp b/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
index 1dc7caaf166..d7242532564 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
@@ -56,17 +56,23 @@ void PylontechComponent::setup() {
 void PylontechComponent::update() { this->write_str("pwr\n"); }
 
 void PylontechComponent::loop() {
-  if (this->available() > 0) {
+  int avail = this->available();
+  if (avail > 0) {
     // pylontech sends a lot of data very suddenly
     // we need to quickly put it all into our own buffer, otherwise the uart's buffer will overflow
-    uint8_t data;
     int recv = 0;
-    while (this->available() > 0) {
-      if (this->read_byte(&data)) {
-        buffer_[buffer_index_write_] += (char) data;
-        recv++;
-        if (buffer_[buffer_index_write_].back() == static_cast<char>(ASCII_LF) ||
-            buffer_[buffer_index_write_].length() >= MAX_DATA_LENGTH_BYTES) {
+    uint8_t buf[64];
+    while (avail > 0) {
+      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      avail -= to_read;
+      recv += to_read;
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
+        buffer_[buffer_index_write_] += (char) buf[i];
+        if (buf[i] == ASCII_LF || buffer_[buffer_index_write_].length() >= MAX_DATA_LENGTH_BYTES) {
           // complete line received
           buffer_index_write_ = (buffer_index_write_ + 1) % NUM_BUFFERS;
         }

From 2edfcf278fb8cb549b175701b4a70fe96c742eda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:21:10 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] [hlk_fm22x] Replace per-cycle vector allocation with
 member buffer (#13859)

---
 esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp | 62 +++++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h   | 10 ++--
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
index c0f14c7105c..18d26f057a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
 #include "hlk_fm22x.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include <array>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome::hlk_fm22x {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "hlk_fm22x";
 
-// Maximum response size is 36 bytes (VERIFY reply: face_id + 32-byte name)
-static constexpr size_t HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE = 36;
-
 void HlkFm22xComponent::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up HLK-FM22X...");
   this->set_enrolling_(false);
-  while (this->available()) {
+  while (this->available() > 0) {
     this->read();
   }
   this->defer([this]() { this->send_command_(HlkFm22xCommand::GET_STATUS); });
@@ -35,7 +31,7 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::update() {
 }
 
 void HlkFm22xComponent::enroll_face(const std::string &name, HlkFm22xFaceDirection direction) {
-  if (name.length() > 31) {
+  if (name.length() > HLK_FM22X_NAME_SIZE - 1) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "enroll_face(): name too long '%s'", name.c_str());
     return;
   }
@@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::send_command_(HlkFm22xCommand command, const uint8_t *da
   }
   this->wait_cycles_ = 0;
   this->active_command_ = command;
-  while (this->available())
+  while (this->available() > 0)
     this->read();
   this->write((uint8_t) (START_CODE >> 8));
   this->write((uint8_t) (START_CODE & 0xFF));
@@ -137,17 +133,24 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   checksum ^= byte;
   length |= byte;
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
-  data.reserve(length);
+  if (length > HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Response too large: %u bytes", length);
+    // Discard exactly the remaining payload and checksum for this frame
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < length + 1 && this->available() > 0; ++i)
+      this->read();
+    return;
+  }
+
   for (uint16_t idx = 0; idx < length; ++idx) {
     byte = this->read();
     checksum ^= byte;
-    data.push_back(byte);
+    this->recv_buf_[idx] = byte;
   }
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE)];
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Recv type: 0x%.2X, data: %s", response_type, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data(), data.size()));
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Recv type: 0x%.2X, data: %s", response_type,
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->recv_buf_.data(), length));
 #endif
 
   byte = this->read();
@@ -157,10 +160,10 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   }
   switch (response_type) {
     case HlkFm22xResponseType::NOTE:
-      this->handle_note_(data);
+      this->handle_note_(this->recv_buf_.data(), length);
       break;
     case HlkFm22xResponseType::REPLY:
-      this->handle_reply_(data);
+      this->handle_reply_(this->recv_buf_.data(), length);
       break;
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unexpected response type: 0x%.2X", response_type);
@@ -168,11 +171,15 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   }
 }
 
-void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_note_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_note_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  if (length < 1) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Empty note data");
+    return;
+  }
   switch (data[0]) {
     case HlkFm22xNoteType::FACE_STATE:
-      if (data.size() < 17) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid face note data size: %u", data.size());
+      if (length < 17) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid face note data size: %zu", length);
         break;
       }
       {
@@ -209,9 +216,13 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_note_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   }
 }
 
-void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_reply_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_reply_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
   auto expected = this->active_command_;
   this->active_command_ = HlkFm22xCommand::NONE;
+  if (length < 2) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reply too short: %zu bytes", length);
+    return;
+  }
   if (data[0] != (uint8_t) expected) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unexpected response command. Expected: 0x%.2X, Received: 0x%.2X", expected, data[0]);
     return;
@@ -238,16 +249,20 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_reply_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   }
   switch (expected) {
     case HlkFm22xCommand::VERIFY: {
+      if (length < 4 + HLK_FM22X_NAME_SIZE) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "VERIFY response too short: %zu bytes", length);
+        break;
+      }
       int16_t face_id = ((int16_t) data[2] << 8) | data[3];
-      std::string name(data.begin() + 4, data.begin() + 36);
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Face verified. ID: %d, name: %s", face_id, name.c_str());
+      const char *name_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data + 4);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Face verified. ID: %d, name: %.*s", face_id, (int) HLK_FM22X_NAME_SIZE, name_ptr);
       if (this->last_face_id_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->last_face_id_sensor_->publish_state(face_id);
       }
       if (this->last_face_name_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-        this->last_face_name_text_sensor_->publish_state(name);
+        this->last_face_name_text_sensor_->publish_state(name_ptr, HLK_FM22X_NAME_SIZE);
       }
-      this->face_scan_matched_callback_.call(face_id, name);
+      this->face_scan_matched_callback_.call(face_id, std::string(name_ptr, HLK_FM22X_NAME_SIZE));
       break;
     }
     case HlkFm22xCommand::ENROLL: {
@@ -266,9 +281,8 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::handle_reply_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
       this->defer([this]() { this->send_command_(HlkFm22xCommand::GET_VERSION); });
       break;
     case HlkFm22xCommand::GET_VERSION:
-      if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-        std::string version(data.begin() + 2, data.end());
-        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(version);
+      if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr && length > 2) {
+        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data + 2), length - 2);
       }
       this->defer([this]() { this->get_face_count_(); });
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h
index 9c981d3c445..0ea4636281c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.h
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 
+#include <array>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::hlk_fm22x {
 
 static const uint16_t START_CODE = 0xEFAA;
+static constexpr size_t HLK_FM22X_NAME_SIZE = 32;
+// Maximum response payload: command(1) + result(1) + face_id(2) + name(32) = 36
+static constexpr size_t HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE = 36;
 enum HlkFm22xCommand {
   NONE = 0x00,
   RESET = 0x10,
@@ -118,10 +121,11 @@ class HlkFm22xComponent : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void get_face_count_();
   void send_command_(HlkFm22xCommand command, const uint8_t *data = nullptr, size_t size = 0);
   void recv_command_();
-  void handle_note_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  void handle_reply_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+  void handle_note_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  void handle_reply_(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
   void set_enrolling_(bool enrolling);
 
+  std::array<uint8_t, HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE> recv_buf_;
   HlkFm22xCommand active_command_ = HlkFm22xCommand::NONE;
   uint16_t wait_cycles_ = 0;
   sensor::Sensor *face_count_sensor_{nullptr};

From 57b85a840017e6aa8662c1a0228bcb50052a597a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:24:20 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] [dlms_meter] Batch UART reads to reduce per-loop
 overhead (#13828)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp | 27 +++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp
index 6aa465143e5..11d05b3a088 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp
@@ -28,15 +28,28 @@ void DlmsMeterComponent::dump_config() {
 
 void DlmsMeterComponent::loop() {
   // Read while data is available, netznoe uses two frames so allow 2x max frame length
-  while (this->available()) {
-    if (this->receive_buffer_.size() >= MBUS_MAX_FRAME_LENGTH * 2) {
+  size_t avail = this->available();
+  if (avail > 0) {
+    size_t remaining = MBUS_MAX_FRAME_LENGTH * 2 - this->receive_buffer_.size();
+    if (remaining == 0) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Receive buffer full, dropping remaining bytes");
-      break;
+    } else {
+      // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
+      // Cap reads to remaining buffer capacity.
+      if (avail > remaining) {
+        avail = remaining;
+      }
+      uint8_t buf[64];
+      while (avail > 0) {
+        size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
+        if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
+          break;
+        }
+        avail -= to_read;
+        this->receive_buffer_.insert(this->receive_buffer_.end(), buf, buf + to_read);
+        this->last_read_ = millis();
+      }
     }
-    uint8_t c;
-    this->read_byte(&c);
-    this->receive_buffer_.push_back(c);
-    this->last_read_ = millis();
   }
 
   if (!this->receive_buffer_.empty() && millis() - this->last_read_ > this->read_timeout_) {

From 01a90074ba94e9661aa077ba272bc6e2d350ee51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:25:34 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] [ld2420] Batch UART reads to reduce loop overhead
 (#13821)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h   |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index 10c623bce06..69b69f4a61e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -335,9 +335,10 @@ void LD2420Component::revert_config_action() {
 
 void LD2420Component::loop() {
   // If there is a active send command do not process it here, the send command call will handle it.
-  while (!this->cmd_active_ && this->available()) {
-    this->readline_(this->read(), this->buffer_data_, MAX_LINE_LENGTH);
+  if (this->cmd_active_) {
+    return;
   }
+  this->read_batch_(this->buffer_data_);
 }
 
 void LD2420Component::update_radar_data(uint16_t const *gate_energy, uint8_t sample_number) {
@@ -539,6 +540,23 @@ void LD2420Component::handle_simple_mode_(const uint8_t *inbuf, int len) {
   }
 }
 
+void LD2420Component::read_batch_(std::span<uint8_t, MAX_LINE_LENGTH> buffer) {
+  // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
+  size_t avail = this->available();
+  uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
+  while (avail > 0) {
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
+    if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
+      break;
+    }
+    avail -= to_read;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
+      this->readline_(buf[i], buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void LD2420Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
   this->cmd_reply_.command = buffer[CMD_FRAME_COMMAND];
   this->cmd_reply_.length = buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH];
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
index 50ddf45264a..6d81f864970 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <span>
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #endif
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ class LD2420Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void handle_energy_mode_(uint8_t *buffer, int len);
   void handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len);
   void readline_(int rx_data, uint8_t *buffer, int len);
+  void read_batch_(std::span<uint8_t, MAX_LINE_LENGTH> buffer);
   void set_calibration_(bool state) { this->calibration_ = state; };
   bool get_calibration_() { return this->calibration_; };
 

From 097901e9c89e284e424bb51eb6cc504a07ba261b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sean Kelly <xconverge@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 16:30:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] [aqi] Fix AQI calculation for specific pm2.5 or pm10
 readings (#13770)

---
 esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h  | 38 +++++++++++++++++++-----
 esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h | 30 ++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h
index 993504c1e94..d624af0432f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <limits>
 #include "abstract_aqi_calculator.h"
@@ -14,7 +15,11 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
     float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
     float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
 
-    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::round((pm2_5_index < pm10_0_index) ? pm10_0_index : pm2_5_index));
+    float aqi = std::max(pm2_5_index, pm10_0_index);
+    if (aqi < 0.0f) {
+      aqi = 0.0f;
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::lround(aqi));
   }
 
  protected:
@@ -22,13 +27,27 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
 
   static constexpr int INDEX_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 50}, {51, 100}, {101, 150}, {151, 200}, {201, 300}, {301, 500}};
 
-  static constexpr float PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0.0f, 9.0f},     {9.1f, 35.4f},
-                                                      {35.5f, 55.4f},   {55.5f, 125.4f},
-                                                      {125.5f, 225.4f}, {225.5f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
+  static constexpr float PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
+      // clang-format off
+      {0.0f, 9.1f},
+      {9.1f, 35.5f},
+      {35.5f, 55.5f},
+      {55.5f, 125.5f},
+      {125.5f, 225.5f},
+      {225.5f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      // clang-format on
+  };
 
-  static constexpr float PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0.0f, 54.0f},    {55.0f, 154.0f},
-                                                       {155.0f, 254.0f}, {255.0f, 354.0f},
-                                                       {355.0f, 424.0f}, {425.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
+  static constexpr float PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
+      // clang-format off
+      {0.0f, 55.0f},
+      {55.0f, 155.0f},
+      {155.0f, 255.0f},
+      {255.0f, 355.0f},
+      {355.0f, 425.0f},
+      {425.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      // clang-format on
+  };
 
   static float calculate_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     int grid_index = get_grid_index(value, array);
@@ -45,7 +64,10 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
 
   static int get_grid_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEVELS; i++) {
-      if (value >= array[i][0] && value <= array[i][1]) {
+      const bool in_range =
+          (value >= array[i][0]) && ((i == NUM_LEVELS - 1) ? (value <= array[i][1])   // last bucket inclusive
+                                                           : (value < array[i][1]));  // others exclusive on hi
+      if (in_range) {
         return i;
       }
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h b/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h
index d2ec4bb98f6..fe2efe7059d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h
+++ b/esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <limits>
 #include "abstract_aqi_calculator.h"
@@ -12,7 +13,11 @@ class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
     float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
     float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
 
-    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::round((pm2_5_index < pm10_0_index) ? pm10_0_index : pm2_5_index));
+    float aqi = std::max(pm2_5_index, pm10_0_index);
+    if (aqi < 0.0f) {
+      aqi = 0.0f;
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::lround(aqi));
   }
 
  protected:
@@ -21,10 +26,24 @@ class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
   static constexpr int INDEX_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 25}, {26, 50}, {51, 75}, {76, 100}, {101, 400}};
 
   static constexpr float PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
-      {0.0f, 15.0f}, {15.1f, 30.0f}, {30.1f, 55.0f}, {55.1f, 110.0f}, {110.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
+      // clang-format off
+      {0.0f, 15.1f},
+      {15.1f, 30.1f},
+      {30.1f, 55.1f},
+      {55.1f, 110.1f},
+      {110.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      // clang-format on
+  };
 
   static constexpr float PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
-      {0.0f, 25.0f}, {25.1f, 50.0f}, {50.1f, 90.0f}, {90.1f, 180.0f}, {180.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
+      // clang-format off
+      {0.0f, 25.1f},
+      {25.1f, 50.1f},
+      {50.1f, 90.1f},
+      {90.1f, 180.1f},
+      {180.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}
+      // clang-format on
+  };
 
   static float calculate_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     int grid_index = get_grid_index(value, array);
@@ -42,7 +61,10 @@ class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
 
   static int get_grid_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEVELS; i++) {
-      if (value >= array[i][0] && value <= array[i][1]) {
+      const bool in_range =
+          (value >= array[i][0]) && ((i == NUM_LEVELS - 1) ? (value <= array[i][1])   // last bucket inclusive
+                                                           : (value < array[i][1]));  // others exclusive on hi
+      if (in_range) {
         return i;
       }
     }

From 87ac263264b02033638abbed3d661ff33ff7bffd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 18:32:52 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] [dsmr] Batch UART reads to reduce per-loop overhead
 (#13826)

---
 esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp | 243 +++++++++++++++++--------------
 esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h   |   1 +
 2 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp
index c78d37bf5ef..20fbd20cd63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp
@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@ bool Dsmr::ready_to_request_data_() {
       this->start_requesting_data_();
     }
     if (!this->requesting_data_) {
-      while (this->available()) {
-        this->read();
-      }
+      this->drain_rx_buffer_();
     }
   }
   return this->requesting_data_;
@@ -115,138 +113,169 @@ void Dsmr::stop_requesting_data_() {
     } else {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop reading data from P1 port");
     }
-    while (this->available()) {
-      this->read();
-    }
+    this->drain_rx_buffer_();
     this->requesting_data_ = false;
   }
 }
 
+void Dsmr::drain_rx_buffer_() {
+  uint8_t buf[64];
+  int avail;
+  while ((avail = this->available()) > 0) {
+    if (!this->read_array(buf, std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf)))) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void Dsmr::reset_telegram_() {
   this->header_found_ = false;
   this->footer_found_ = false;
   this->bytes_read_ = 0;
   this->crypt_bytes_read_ = 0;
   this->crypt_telegram_len_ = 0;
-  this->last_read_time_ = 0;
 }
 
 void Dsmr::receive_telegram_() {
   while (this->available_within_timeout_()) {
-    const char c = this->read();
+    // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
+    uint8_t buf[64];
+    int avail = this->available();
+    while (avail > 0) {
+      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read))
+        return;
+      avail -= to_read;
 
-    // Find a new telegram header, i.e. forward slash.
-    if (c == '/') {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header of telegram found");
-      this->reset_telegram_();
-      this->header_found_ = true;
-    }
-    if (!this->header_found_)
-      continue;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
+        const char c = static_cast<char>(buf[i]);
 
-    // Check for buffer overflow.
-    if (this->bytes_read_ >= this->max_telegram_len_) {
-      this->reset_telegram_();
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: telegram larger than buffer (%d bytes)", this->max_telegram_len_);
-      return;
-    }
+        // Find a new telegram header, i.e. forward slash.
+        if (c == '/') {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header of telegram found");
+          this->reset_telegram_();
+          this->header_found_ = true;
+        }
+        if (!this->header_found_)
+          continue;
 
-    // Some v2.2 or v3 meters will send a new value which starts with '('
-    // in a new line, while the value belongs to the previous ObisId. For
-    // proper parsing, remove these new line characters.
-    if (c == '(') {
-      while (true) {
-        auto previous_char = this->telegram_[this->bytes_read_ - 1];
-        if (previous_char == '\n' || previous_char == '\r') {
-          this->bytes_read_--;
-        } else {
-          break;
+        // Check for buffer overflow.
+        if (this->bytes_read_ >= this->max_telegram_len_) {
+          this->reset_telegram_();
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: telegram larger than buffer (%d bytes)", this->max_telegram_len_);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Some v2.2 or v3 meters will send a new value which starts with '('
+        // in a new line, while the value belongs to the previous ObisId. For
+        // proper parsing, remove these new line characters.
+        if (c == '(') {
+          while (true) {
+            auto previous_char = this->telegram_[this->bytes_read_ - 1];
+            if (previous_char == '\n' || previous_char == '\r') {
+              this->bytes_read_--;
+            } else {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Store the byte in the buffer.
+        this->telegram_[this->bytes_read_] = c;
+        this->bytes_read_++;
+
+        // Check for a footer, i.e. exclamation mark, followed by a hex checksum.
+        if (c == '!') {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Footer of telegram found");
+          this->footer_found_ = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Check for the end of the hex checksum, i.e. a newline.
+        if (this->footer_found_ && c == '\n') {
+          // Parse the telegram and publish sensor values.
+          this->parse_telegram();
+          this->reset_telegram_();
+          return;
         }
       }
     }
-
-    // Store the byte in the buffer.
-    this->telegram_[this->bytes_read_] = c;
-    this->bytes_read_++;
-
-    // Check for a footer, i.e. exclamation mark, followed by a hex checksum.
-    if (c == '!') {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Footer of telegram found");
-      this->footer_found_ = true;
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Check for the end of the hex checksum, i.e. a newline.
-    if (this->footer_found_ && c == '\n') {
-      // Parse the telegram and publish sensor values.
-      this->parse_telegram();
-      this->reset_telegram_();
-      return;
-    }
   }
 }
 
 void Dsmr::receive_encrypted_telegram_() {
   while (this->available_within_timeout_()) {
-    const char c = this->read();
+    // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
+    uint8_t buf[64];
+    int avail = this->available();
+    while (avail > 0) {
+      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read))
+        return;
+      avail -= to_read;
 
-    // Find a new telegram start byte.
-    if (!this->header_found_) {
-      if ((uint8_t) c != 0xDB) {
-        continue;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
+        const char c = static_cast<char>(buf[i]);
+
+        // Find a new telegram start byte.
+        if (!this->header_found_) {
+          if ((uint8_t) c != 0xDB) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start byte 0xDB of encrypted telegram found");
+          this->reset_telegram_();
+          this->header_found_ = true;
+        }
+
+        // Check for buffer overflow.
+        if (this->crypt_bytes_read_ >= this->max_telegram_len_) {
+          this->reset_telegram_();
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: encrypted telegram larger than buffer (%d bytes)", this->max_telegram_len_);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Store the byte in the buffer.
+        this->crypt_telegram_[this->crypt_bytes_read_] = c;
+        this->crypt_bytes_read_++;
+
+        // Read the length of the incoming encrypted telegram.
+        if (this->crypt_telegram_len_ == 0 && this->crypt_bytes_read_ > 20) {
+          // Complete header + data bytes
+          this->crypt_telegram_len_ = 13 + (this->crypt_telegram_[11] << 8 | this->crypt_telegram_[12]);
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Encrypted telegram length: %d bytes", this->crypt_telegram_len_);
+        }
+
+        // Check for the end of the encrypted telegram.
+        if (this->crypt_telegram_len_ == 0 || this->crypt_bytes_read_ != this->crypt_telegram_len_) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "End of encrypted telegram found");
+
+        // Decrypt the encrypted telegram.
+        GCM<AES128> *gcmaes128{new GCM<AES128>()};
+        gcmaes128->setKey(this->decryption_key_.data(), gcmaes128->keySize());
+        // the iv is 8 bytes of the system title + 4 bytes frame counter
+        // system title is at byte 2 and frame counter at byte 15
+        for (int i = 10; i < 14; i++)
+          this->crypt_telegram_[i] = this->crypt_telegram_[i + 4];
+        constexpr uint16_t iv_size{12};
+        gcmaes128->setIV(&this->crypt_telegram_[2], iv_size);
+        gcmaes128->decrypt(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(this->telegram_),
+                           // the ciphertext start at byte 18
+                           &this->crypt_telegram_[18],
+                           // cipher size
+                           this->crypt_bytes_read_ - 17);
+        delete gcmaes128;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+
+        this->bytes_read_ = strnlen(this->telegram_, this->max_telegram_len_);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Decrypted telegram size: %d bytes", this->bytes_read_);
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Decrypted telegram: %s", this->telegram_);
+
+        // Parse the decrypted telegram and publish sensor values.
+        this->parse_telegram();
+        this->reset_telegram_();
+        return;
       }
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start byte 0xDB of encrypted telegram found");
-      this->reset_telegram_();
-      this->header_found_ = true;
     }
-
-    // Check for buffer overflow.
-    if (this->crypt_bytes_read_ >= this->max_telegram_len_) {
-      this->reset_telegram_();
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: encrypted telegram larger than buffer (%d bytes)", this->max_telegram_len_);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Store the byte in the buffer.
-    this->crypt_telegram_[this->crypt_bytes_read_] = c;
-    this->crypt_bytes_read_++;
-
-    // Read the length of the incoming encrypted telegram.
-    if (this->crypt_telegram_len_ == 0 && this->crypt_bytes_read_ > 20) {
-      // Complete header + data bytes
-      this->crypt_telegram_len_ = 13 + (this->crypt_telegram_[11] << 8 | this->crypt_telegram_[12]);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Encrypted telegram length: %d bytes", this->crypt_telegram_len_);
-    }
-
-    // Check for the end of the encrypted telegram.
-    if (this->crypt_telegram_len_ == 0 || this->crypt_bytes_read_ != this->crypt_telegram_len_) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "End of encrypted telegram found");
-
-    // Decrypt the encrypted telegram.
-    GCM<AES128> *gcmaes128{new GCM<AES128>()};
-    gcmaes128->setKey(this->decryption_key_.data(), gcmaes128->keySize());
-    // the iv is 8 bytes of the system title + 4 bytes frame counter
-    // system title is at byte 2 and frame counter at byte 15
-    for (int i = 10; i < 14; i++)
-      this->crypt_telegram_[i] = this->crypt_telegram_[i + 4];
-    constexpr uint16_t iv_size{12};
-    gcmaes128->setIV(&this->crypt_telegram_[2], iv_size);
-    gcmaes128->decrypt(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(this->telegram_),
-                       // the ciphertext start at byte 18
-                       &this->crypt_telegram_[18],
-                       // cipher size
-                       this->crypt_bytes_read_ - 17);
-    delete gcmaes128;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-
-    this->bytes_read_ = strnlen(this->telegram_, this->max_telegram_len_);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Decrypted telegram size: %d bytes", this->bytes_read_);
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Decrypted telegram: %s", this->telegram_);
-
-    // Parse the decrypted telegram and publish sensor values.
-    this->parse_telegram();
-    this->reset_telegram_();
-    return;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h
index b7e05a22b3e..fafcf62b876 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ class Dsmr : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void receive_telegram_();
   void receive_encrypted_telegram_();
   void reset_telegram_();
+  void drain_rx_buffer_();
 
   /// Wait for UART data to become available within the read timeout.
   ///

From dcbb0204794d672fcfc66f4174bb4ca0a1e9dc9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 20:02:41 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] [uart] Fix available() return type to size_t across
 components (#13898)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp               |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp             |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp                     | 12 ++++++------
 esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp                 |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp                 |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp                 |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp                 |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp               |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp             |  8 ++++----
 esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp           |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp                   |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp           |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp                     |  4 ++--
 16 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
index 45abd3ca3df..7ffdf757a0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ void CSE7766Component::loop() {
   }
 
   // Early return prevents updating last_transmission_ when no data is available.
-  int avail = this->available();
-  if (avail <= 0) {
+  size_t avail = this->available();
+  if (avail == 0) {
     return;
   }
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void CSE7766Component::loop() {
   // At 4800 baud (~480 bytes/sec) with ~122 Hz loop rate, typically ~4 bytes per call.
   uint8_t buf[CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp b/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp
index 48c06be5581..79f8fd03c3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ void DFPlayer::send_cmd_(uint8_t cmd, uint16_t argument) {
 
 void DFPlayer::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp
index 20fbd20cd63..baf7f593147 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ void Dsmr::stop_requesting_data_() {
 
 void Dsmr::drain_rx_buffer_() {
   uint8_t buf[64];
-  int avail;
+  size_t avail;
   while ((avail = this->available()) > 0) {
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf)))) {
+    if (!this->read_array(buf, std::min(avail, sizeof(buf)))) {
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -140,9 +140,9 @@ void Dsmr::receive_telegram_() {
   while (this->available_within_timeout_()) {
     // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
     uint8_t buf[64];
-    int avail = this->available();
+    size_t avail = this->available();
     while (avail > 0) {
-      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
       if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read))
         return;
       avail -= to_read;
@@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ void Dsmr::receive_encrypted_telegram_() {
   while (this->available_within_timeout_()) {
     // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
     uint8_t buf[64];
-    int avail = this->available();
+    size_t avail = this->available();
     while (avail > 0) {
-      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
       if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read))
         return;
       avail -= to_read;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index b57b1d99788..95a04f768ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ void LD2410Component::restart_and_read_all_info() {
 
 void LD2410Component::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index f8ceee78ebb..95e19e0d5fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -311,10 +311,10 @@ void LD2412Component::restart_and_read_all_info() {
 
 void LD2412Component::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 38ba0d7f96b..b04b509a161 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -277,10 +277,10 @@ void LD2450Component::dump_config() {
 
 void LD2450Component::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index c1f5635028c..d40343db33d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ void Modbus::loop() {
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index 56bbc840fba..9f1ce47837c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -398,10 +398,10 @@ bool Nextion::remove_from_q_(bool report_empty) {
 
 void Nextion::process_serial_() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
index d7b37f61300..e6831ad19e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ void Pipsolar::setup() {
 
 void Pipsolar::empty_uart_buffer_() {
   uint8_t buf[64];
-  int avail;
+  size_t avail;
   while ((avail = this->available()) > 0) {
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf)))) {
+    if (!this->read_array(buf, std::min(avail, sizeof(buf)))) {
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->state_ == STATE_COMMAND || this->state_ == STATE_POLL) {
-    int avail = this->available();
+    size_t avail = this->available();
     while (avail > 0) {
       uint8_t buf[64];
-      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
       if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
         break;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp b/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
index d7242532564..7eb89d5b321 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pylontech/pylontech.cpp
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ void PylontechComponent::setup() {
 void PylontechComponent::update() { this->write_str("pwr\n"); }
 
 void PylontechComponent::loop() {
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   if (avail > 0) {
     // pylontech sends a lot of data very suddenly
     // we need to quickly put it all into our own buffer, otherwise the uart's buffer will overflow
     int recv = 0;
     uint8_t buf[64];
     while (avail > 0) {
-      size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+      size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
       if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
         break;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp b/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp
index e4dbdf41cb6..d47347fcfa6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rd03d/rd03d.cpp
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ void RD03DComponent::dump_config() {
 
 void RD03DComponent::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
index e33c13aafe8..d8c148145ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ void RFBridgeComponent::loop() {
     this->last_bridge_byte_ = now;
   }
 
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   while (avail > 0) {
     uint8_t buf[64];
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
index 3f2103b4013..99d519b434d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::update_() {
 // main loop
 void MR24HPC1Component::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
index d95e13241d3..12f188fe03c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ void MR60BHA2Component::dump_config() {
 // main loop
 void MR60BHA2Component::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
index 441ee2b5c27..5d571618d33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::setup() {
 // main loop
 void MR60FDA2Component::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
index 9ee4c09b860..a1acbf2f56c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/tuya.cpp
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ void Tuya::setup() {
 
 void Tuya::loop() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  int avail = this->available();
+  size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
   while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(avail), sizeof(buf));
+    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
     if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
       break;
     }

From b97a728cf1e8b35c0f9e60ca9c5f7a50fdd5c224 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Cody Cutrer <cody@cutrer.us>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 20:40:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] [ld2450] add on_data callback (#13601)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py | 13 ++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp  |  6 ++++++
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h    | 12 ++++++++++++
 tests/components/ld2450/common.yaml   |  3 +++
 4 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
index bd6d697c90d..5854a5794c4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_THROTTLE
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_DATA, CONF_THROTTLE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["ld24xx"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -11,6 +12,8 @@ MULTI_CONF = True
 ld2450_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ld2450")
 LD2450Component = ld2450_ns.class_("LD2450Component", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 
+LD2450DataTrigger = ld2450_ns.class_("LD2450DataTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
+
 CONF_LD2450_ID = "ld2450_id"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -20,6 +23,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_THROTTLE): cv.invalid(
                 f"{CONF_THROTTLE} has been removed; use per-sensor filters, instead"
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DATA): automation.validate_automation(
+                {
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(LD2450DataTrigger),
+                }
+            ),
         }
     )
     .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
@@ -45,3 +53,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_DATA, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index b04b509a161..1ea5c18271a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -413,6 +413,10 @@ void LD2450Component::restart_and_read_all_info() {
   this->set_timeout(1500, [this]() { this->read_all_info(); });
 }
 
+void LD2450Component::add_on_data_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->data_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
 // Send command with values to LD2450
 void LD2450Component::send_command_(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *command_value, uint8_t command_value_len) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending COMMAND %02X", command);
@@ -613,6 +617,8 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     this->still_presence_millis_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   }
 #endif
+
+  this->data_callback_.call();
 }
 
 bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index b94c3cac37c..fe69cd81d05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
                       int32_t zone2_x1, int32_t zone2_y1, int32_t zone2_x2, int32_t zone2_y2, int32_t zone3_x1,
                       int32_t zone3_y1, int32_t zone3_x2, int32_t zone3_y2);
 
+  /// Add a callback that will be called after each successfully processed periodic data frame.
+  void add_on_data_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
  protected:
   void send_command_(uint8_t command_str, const uint8_t *command_value, uint8_t command_value_len);
   void set_config_mode_(bool enable);
@@ -190,6 +193,15 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   std::array<text_sensor::TextSensor *, 3> direction_text_sensors_{};
 #endif
+
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> data_callback_;
+};
+
+class LD2450DataTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit LD2450DataTrigger(LD2450Component *parent) {
+    parent->add_on_data_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ld2450
diff --git a/tests/components/ld2450/common.yaml b/tests/components/ld2450/common.yaml
index cfa3c922fc9..617228ca34a 100644
--- a/tests/components/ld2450/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ld2450/common.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 ld2450:
   - id: ld2450_radar
+    on_data:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "LD2450 Radar Data Received"
 
 button:
   - platform: ld2450

From 5caed68cd9a9a36e9d3fb805bb2e464dcfe18e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tronikos <tronikos@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 03:36:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] [api] Deprecate WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE (#13892)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/api/api.proto          | 4 +++-
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 6 +++++-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h          | 2 ++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp   | 4 ++++
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index d25934c60b4..18dac6a2d17 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -1155,9 +1155,11 @@ enum WaterHeaterCommandHasField {
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_NONE = 0;
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_MODE = 1;
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE = 2;
-  WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE = 4;
+  WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE = 4 [deprecated=true];
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW = 8;
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_HIGH = 16;
+  WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_ON_STATE = 32;
+  WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_AWAY_STATE = 64;
 }
 
 message WaterHeaterCommandRequest {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index ddc24a7e2c0..c00f413e672 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1343,8 +1343,12 @@ void APIConnection::on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequ
     call.set_target_temperature_low(msg.target_temperature_low);
   if (msg.has_fields & enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_HIGH)
     call.set_target_temperature_high(msg.target_temperature_high);
-  if (msg.has_fields & enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE) {
+  if ((msg.has_fields & enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_AWAY_STATE) ||
+      (msg.has_fields & enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE)) {
     call.set_away((msg.state & water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) != 0);
+  }
+  if ((msg.has_fields & enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_ON_STATE) ||
+      (msg.has_fields & enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE)) {
     call.set_on((msg.state & water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) != 0);
   }
   call.perform();
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 15819da1721..d001f869c50 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ enum WaterHeaterCommandHasField : uint32_t {
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_STATE = 4,
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW = 8,
   WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_HIGH = 16,
+  WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_ON_STATE = 32,
+  WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_AWAY_STATE = 64,
 };
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
 enum NumberMode : uint32_t {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index f1e3bdcafe1..73690610ede 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -385,6 +385,10 @@ const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::WaterHeaterCommandHasField>(enums::Water
       return "WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW";
     case enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_HIGH:
       return "WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_HIGH";
+    case enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_ON_STATE:
+      return "WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_ON_STATE";
+    case enums::WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_AWAY_STATE:
+      return "WATER_HEATER_COMMAND_HAS_AWAY_STATE";
     default:
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }