diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp b/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp
index f4996cd3b10..d493a6a6d3c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp
@@ -173,19 +173,8 @@ float ADS1115Component::request_measurement(ADS1115Multiplexer multiplexer, ADS1
   }
 
   if (resolution == ADS1015_12_BITS) {
-    bool negative = (raw_conversion >> 15) == 1;
-
-    // shift raw_conversion as it's only 12-bits, left justified
-    raw_conversion = raw_conversion >> (16 - ADS1015_12_BITS);
-
-    // check if number was negative in order to keep the sign
-    if (negative) {
-      // the number was negative
-      // 1) set the negative bit back
-      raw_conversion |= 0x8000;
-      // 2) reset the former (shifted) negative bit
-      raw_conversion &= 0xF7FF;
-    }
+    // ADS1015 returns 12-bit value left-justified in 16 bits; shift right and sign-extend
+    raw_conversion = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<int16_t>(raw_conversion) >> (16 - ADS1015_12_BITS));
   }
 
   auto signed_conversion = static_cast<int16_t>(raw_conversion);
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
index 40592f6107a..3d675109e49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #include "audio.h"
 
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace audio {
 
@@ -58,6 +62,58 @@ const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type) {
   }
 }
 
+AudioFileType detect_audio_file_type(const char *content_type, const char *url) {
+  // Try Content-Type header first
+  if (content_type != nullptr && content_type[0] != '\0') {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    if (strcasecmp(content_type, "mp3") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mp3") == 0 ||
+        strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mpeg") == 0) {
+      return AudioFileType::MP3;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/wav") == 0) {
+      return AudioFileType::WAV;
+    }
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/flac") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/x-flac") == 0) {
+      return AudioFileType::FLAC;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
+    // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
+    // Plain "audio/ogg" without opus is not matched (almost always Ogg Vorbis)
+    if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
+      return AudioFileType::OPUS;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Fallback to URL extension
+  if (url != nullptr && url[0] != '\0') {
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".wav")) {
+      return AudioFileType::WAV;
+    }
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".mp3")) {
+      return AudioFileType::MP3;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".flac")) {
+      return AudioFileType::FLAC;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".opus")) {
+      return AudioFileType::OPUS;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return AudioFileType::NONE;
+}
+
 void scale_audio_samples(const int16_t *audio_samples, int16_t *output_buffer, int16_t scale_factor,
                          size_t samples_to_scale) {
   // Note the assembly dsps_mulc function has audio glitches if the input and output buffers are the same.
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
index 7d7db9e9444..d3b41a362f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
@@ -130,6 +130,13 @@ struct AudioFile {
 /// @return const char pointer to the readable file type
 const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type);
 
+/// @brief Detect audio file type from a Content-Type header value and/or URL extension.
+/// Tries Content-Type first, then falls back to URL extension. Either parameter may be null.
+/// @param content_type Content-Type header value (may be null or empty)
+/// @param url URL to inspect for file extension (may be null or empty)
+/// @return The detected AudioFileType, or NONE if unknown
+AudioFileType detect_audio_file_type(const char *content_type, const char *url);
+
 /// @brief Scales Q15 fixed point audio samples. Scales in place if audio_samples == output_buffer.
 /// @param audio_samples PCM int16 audio samples
 /// @param output_buffer Buffer to store the scaled samples
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
index 78d69d7a39d..79ebf58889f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
@@ -185,26 +185,8 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
       return err;
     }
 
-    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".wav")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::WAV;
-    }
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
-    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".mp3")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::MP3;
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
-    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".flac")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::FLAC;
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
-    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".opus")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::OPUS;
-    }
-#endif
-    else {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::NONE;
+    file_type = detect_audio_file_type(nullptr, url);
+    if (file_type == AudioFileType::NONE) {
       this->cleanup_connection_();
       return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
     }
@@ -232,32 +214,6 @@ AudioReaderState AudioReader::read() {
   return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
 }
 
-AudioFileType AudioReader::get_audio_type(const char *content_type) {
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
-  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "mp3") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mp3") == 0 ||
-      strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mpeg") == 0) {
-    return AudioFileType::MP3;
-  }
-#endif
-  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/wav") == 0) {
-    return AudioFileType::WAV;
-  }
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
-  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/flac") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/x-flac") == 0) {
-    return AudioFileType::FLAC;
-  }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
-  // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
-  // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
-  // Plain "audio/ogg" without a codecs parameter is not matched, as those are almost always Ogg Vorbis streams
-  if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
-    return AudioFileType::OPUS;
-  }
-#endif
-  return AudioFileType::NONE;
-}
-
 esp_err_t AudioReader::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
   // Based on https://github.com/maroc81/WeatherLily/tree/main/main/net accessed 20241224
   AudioReader *this_reader = (AudioReader *) evt->user_data;
@@ -265,7 +221,7 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
   switch (evt->event_id) {
     case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER:
       if (strcasecmp(evt->header_key, "Content-Type") == 0) {
-        this_reader->audio_file_type_ = get_audio_type(evt->header_value);
+        this_reader->audio_file_type_ = detect_audio_file_type(evt->header_value, nullptr);
       }
       break;
     default:
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h
index 0b73923e840..753b310213e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h
@@ -58,11 +58,6 @@ class AudioReader {
   /// @brief Monitors the http client events to attempt determining the file type from the Content-Type header
   static esp_err_t http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt);
 
-  /// @brief Determines the audio file type from the http header's Content-Type key
-  /// @param content_type string with the Content-Type key
-  /// @return AudioFileType of the url, if it can be determined. If not, return AudioFileType::NONE.
-  static AudioFileType get_audio_type(const char *content_type);
-
   AudioReaderState file_read_();
   AudioReaderState http_read_();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp b/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
index f4966357d4b..7525b901f8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
@@ -147,13 +147,17 @@ uint32_t CSE7761Component::read_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t size) {
 }
 
 uint32_t CSE7761Component::coefficient_by_unit_(uint32_t unit) {
+  uint32_t coeff = 0;
   switch (unit) {
     case RMS_UC:
-      return 0x400000 * 100 / this->data_.coefficient[RMS_UC];
+      coeff = this->data_.coefficient[RMS_UC];
+      return coeff ? 0x400000 * 100 / coeff : 0;
     case RMS_IAC:
-      return (0x800000 * 100 / this->data_.coefficient[RMS_IAC]) * 10;  // Stay within 32 bits
+      coeff = this->data_.coefficient[RMS_IAC];
+      return coeff ? (0x800000 * 100 / coeff) * 10 : 0;  // Stay within 32 bits
     case POWER_PAC:
-      return 0x80000000 / this->data_.coefficient[POWER_PAC];
+      coeff = this->data_.coefficient[POWER_PAC];
+      return coeff ? 0x80000000 / coeff : 0;
   }
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
index d247bada33f..1dff210cd6b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
@@ -437,10 +437,15 @@ void FeedbackCover::recompute_position_() {
   }
 
   // check if we have an acceleration_wait_time, and remove from position computation
-  if (now > (this->start_dir_time_ + this->acceleration_wait_time_)) {
-    this->position +=
-        dir * (now - std::max(this->start_dir_time_ + this->acceleration_wait_time_, this->last_recompute_time_)) /
-        (action_dur - this->acceleration_wait_time_);
+  if (now - this->start_dir_time_ > this->acceleration_wait_time_) {
+    uint32_t accel_end_time = this->start_dir_time_ + this->acceleration_wait_time_;
+    uint32_t effective_start;
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(accel_end_time - this->last_recompute_time_) >= 0) {
+      effective_start = accel_end_time;
+    } else {
+      effective_start = this->last_recompute_time_;
+    }
+    this->position += dir * (now - effective_start) / (action_dur - this->acceleration_wait_time_);
     this->position = clamp(this->position, min_pos, max_pos);
   }
   this->last_recompute_time_ = now;
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp
index 4c2d367b244..900acca6918 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,16 @@ void HC8Component::setup() {
 }
 
 void HC8Component::update() {
-  uint32_t now_ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  uint32_t warmup_ms = this->warmup_seconds_ * 1000;
-  if (now_ms < warmup_ms) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HC8 warming up, %" PRIu32 " s left", (warmup_ms - now_ms) / 1000);
-    this->status_set_warning();
-    return;
+  if (!this->warmup_complete_) {
+    uint32_t now_ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    uint32_t warmup_ms = this->warmup_seconds_ * 1000;
+    if (now_ms < warmup_ms) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HC8 warming up, %" PRIu32 " s left", (warmup_ms - now_ms) / 1000);
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->warmup_complete_ = true;
+    this->status_clear_warning();
   }
 
   while (this->available())
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h
index 74257fab148..b060f38a806 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class HC8Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  protected:
   sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor_{nullptr};
   uint32_t warmup_seconds_{0};
+  bool warmup_complete_{false};
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class HC8CalibrateAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<HC8Component> {
diff --git a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
index fdcd1a29c05..47440cc1f73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void HE60rCover::recompute_position_() {
     return;
 
   const uint32_t now = millis();
-  if (now > this->last_recompute_time_) {
+  if (now != this->last_recompute_time_) {
     auto diff = (unsigned) (now - last_recompute_time_);
     float delta;
     switch (this->current_operation) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
index 43a20c49d15..febbe794e47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key @ row %d, col %d released", row, col);
       for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
         listener->button_released(row, col);
-      if (!this->keys_.empty()) {
+      if (this->pressed_key_ < (int) this->keys_.size()) {
         uint8_t keycode = this->keys_[this->pressed_key_];
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key '%c' released", keycode);
         for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key @ row %d, col %d pressed", row, col);
   for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
     listener->button_pressed(row, col);
-  if (!this->keys_.empty()) {
+  if (key < (int) this->keys_.size()) {
     uint8_t keycode = this->keys_[key];
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key '%c' pressed", keycode);
     for (auto &trigger : this->key_triggers_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index 9f1ce47837c..c8c1b6fa412 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ void Nextion::loop() {
       this->started_ms_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
     if (this->startup_override_ms_ > 0 &&
-        this->started_ms_ + this->startup_override_ms_ < App.get_loop_component_start_time()) {
+        App.get_loop_component_start_time() - this->started_ms_ > this->startup_override_ms_) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Manual ready set");
       this->connection_state_.nextion_reports_is_setup_ = true;
     }
@@ -853,10 +853,10 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
   const uint32_t ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->max_q_age_ms_ > 0 && !this->nextion_queue_.empty() &&
-      this->nextion_queue_.front()->queue_time + this->max_q_age_ms_ < ms) {
+      ms - this->nextion_queue_.front()->queue_time > this->max_q_age_ms_) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < this->nextion_queue_.size(); i++) {
       NextionComponentBase *component = this->nextion_queue_[i]->component;
-      if (this->nextion_queue_[i]->queue_time + this->max_q_age_ms_ < ms) {
+      if (ms - this->nextion_queue_[i]->queue_time > this->max_q_age_ms_) {
         if (this->nextion_queue_[i]->queue_time == 0) {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Remove old queue '%s':'%s' (t=0)", component->get_queue_type_string().c_str(),
                    component->get_variable_name().c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index f241cc61142..6f1286b4693 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -330,15 +330,16 @@ void PacketTransport::update() {
   if (!this->ping_pong_enable_) {
     return;
   }
-  auto now = millis() / 1000;
-  if (this->last_key_time_ + this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ < now) {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  uint32_t ping_request_age = now - this->last_key_time_;
+  if (ping_request_age > this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 1000u) {
     this->resend_ping_key_ = this->ping_pong_enable_;
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping request, age %" PRIu32, now - this->last_key_time_);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping request, age %" PRIu32, ping_request_age);
     this->last_key_time_ = now;
   }
   for (const auto &provider : this->providers_) {
     uint32_t key_response_age = now - provider.second.last_key_response_time;
-    if (key_response_age > (this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 2u)) {
+    if (key_response_age > (this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 2000u)) {
 #ifdef USE_STATUS_SENSOR
       if (provider.second.status_sensor != nullptr && provider.second.status_sensor->state) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping status for %s timeout at %" PRIu32 " with age %" PRIu32, provider.first.c_str(), now,
@@ -496,7 +497,7 @@ void PacketTransport::process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
     if (decoder.decode(PING_KEY, key) == DECODE_OK) {
       if (key == this->ping_key_) {
         ping_key_seen = true;
-        provider.last_key_response_time = millis() / 1000;
+        provider.last_key_response_time = millis();
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Found good ping key %X at timestamp %" PRIu32, (unsigned) key, provider.last_key_response_time);
       } else {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unknown ping key %X", (unsigned) key);
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
index d9fa22d9495..cb28acc96c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
@@ -9,21 +9,16 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 namespace runtime_stats {
 
-RuntimeStatsCollector::RuntimeStatsCollector() : log_interval_(60000), next_log_time_(0) {
+RuntimeStatsCollector::RuntimeStatsCollector() : log_interval_(60000), next_log_time_(60000) {
   global_runtime_stats = this;
 }
 
-void RuntimeStatsCollector::record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us, uint32_t current_time) {
+void RuntimeStatsCollector::record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us) {
   if (component == nullptr)
     return;
 
   // Record stats using component pointer as key
   this->component_stats_[component].record_time(duration_us);
-
-  if (this->next_log_time_ == 0) {
-    this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
-    return;
-  }
 }
 
 void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
@@ -88,10 +83,7 @@ void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
 }
 
 void RuntimeStatsCollector::process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time) {
-  if (this->next_log_time_ == 0)
-    return;
-
-  if (current_time >= this->next_log_time_) {
+  if ((int32_t) (current_time - this->next_log_time_) >= 0) {
     this->log_stats_();
     this->reset_stats_();
     this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
index 08475297208..303d895985f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -80,10 +81,13 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
  public:
   RuntimeStatsCollector();
 
-  void set_log_interval(uint32_t log_interval) { this->log_interval_ = log_interval; }
+  void set_log_interval(uint32_t log_interval) {
+    this->log_interval_ = log_interval;
+    this->next_log_time_ = millis() + log_interval;
+  }
   uint32_t get_log_interval() const { return this->log_interval_; }
 
-  void record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us, uint32_t current_time);
+  void record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us);
 
   // Process any pending stats printing (should be called after component loop)
   void process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time);
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
   // We use Component* as the key since each component is unique
   std::map<Component *, ComponentRuntimeStats> component_stats_;
   uint32_t log_interval_;
-  uint32_t next_log_time_;
+  uint32_t next_log_time_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace runtime_stats
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
index 12f188fe03c..8628faac5ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
@@ -177,10 +177,14 @@ void MR60BHA2Component::process_frame_(uint16_t frame_id, uint16_t frame_type, c
         uint16_t has_target_int = encode_uint16(data[1], data[0]);
         this->has_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(has_target_int);
         if (has_target_int == 0) {
-          this->breath_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
-          this->heart_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
-          this->distance_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
-          this->num_targets_sensor_->publish_state(0);
+          if (this->breath_rate_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->breath_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
+          if (this->heart_rate_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->heart_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
+          if (this->distance_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->distance_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
+          if (this->num_targets_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->num_targets_sensor_->publish_state(0);
         }
       }
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
index 58459b79bb0..0fcfdd6c717 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ void HOT ST7735::write_display_data_() {
 }
 
 void ST7735::spi_master_write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
-  static uint8_t byte[4];
+  uint8_t byte[4];
   byte[0] = (addr1 >> 8) & 0xFF;
   byte[1] = addr1 & 0xFF;
   byte[2] = (addr2 >> 8) & 0xFF;
@@ -476,17 +476,5 @@ void ST7735::spi_master_write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
   this->write_array(byte, 4);
 }
 
-void ST7735::spi_master_write_color_(uint16_t color, uint16_t size) {
-  static uint8_t byte[1024];
-  int index = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    byte[index++] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    byte[index++] = color & 0xFF;
-  }
-
-  this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  write_array(byte, size * 2);
-}
-
 }  // namespace st7735
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
index 37fe673962b..e81be520ed9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ class ST7735 : public display::DisplayBuffer,
   void set_addr_window_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint16_t w, uint16_t h);
   void draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) override;
   void spi_master_write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2);
-  void spi_master_write_color_(uint16_t color, uint16_t size);
 
   int get_width_internal() override;
   int get_height_internal() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp b/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp
index cd0b6cabc35..6e4360ae742 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 #include "st7789v.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace st7789v {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "st7789v";
-static const size_t TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+static constexpr size_t TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+#else
+static constexpr size_t TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+#endif
 
 void ST7789V::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_POWER_SUPPLY
@@ -236,7 +241,7 @@ void ST7789V::write_data_(uint8_t value) {
 }
 
 void ST7789V::write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
-  static uint8_t byte[4];
+  uint8_t byte[4];
   byte[0] = (addr1 >> 8) & 0xFF;
   byte[1] = addr1 & 0xFF;
   byte[2] = (addr2 >> 8) & 0xFF;
@@ -247,15 +252,19 @@ void ST7789V::write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
 }
 
 void ST7789V::write_color_(uint16_t color, uint16_t size) {
-  static uint8_t byte[1024];
-  int index = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    byte[index++] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    byte[index++] = color & 0xFF;
-  }
-
+  uint8_t byte[TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  uint16_t remaining = size;
   this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  write_array(byte, size * 2);
+  while (remaining > 0) {
+    uint16_t batch = std::min(remaining, static_cast<uint16_t>(sizeof(byte) / 2));
+    int index = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < batch; i++) {
+      byte[index++] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
+      byte[index++] = color & 0xFF;
+    }
+    this->write_array(byte, batch * 2);
+    remaining -= batch;
+  }
 }
 
 size_t ST7789V::get_buffer_length_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp b/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp
index afd7cd61bd3..a840f981523 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp
@@ -72,16 +72,19 @@ void ST7920::goto_xy_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
 }
 
 void HOT ST7920::write_display_data() {
-  uint8_t i, j, b;
-  for (j = 0; j < (uint8_t) (this->get_height_internal() / 2); j++) {
+  int i, j;
+  uint8_t b;
+  int width_bytes = this->get_width_internal() / 8;
+  int half_height = this->get_height_internal() / 2;
+  for (j = 0; j < half_height; j++) {
     this->goto_xy_(0, j);
     this->enable();
-    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {  // 16 bytes from line #0+
-      b = this->buffer_[i + j * 16];
+    for (i = 0; i < width_bytes; i++) {
+      b = this->buffer_[i + j * width_bytes];
       this->send_(LCD_DATA, b);
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {  // 16 bytes from line #32+
-      b = this->buffer_[i + (j + 32) * 16];
+    for (i = 0; i < width_bytes; i++) {
+      b = this->buffer_[i + (j + half_height) * width_bytes];
       this->send_(LCD_DATA, b);
     }
     this->disable();
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp b/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp
index 9eb1e86c751..3c7ed019706 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ void TMP1075Sensor::send_alert_limit_high_() {
 }
 
 static uint16_t temp2regvalue(const float temp) {
-  const uint16_t regvalue = temp / 0.0625f;
-  return regvalue << 4;
+  const int16_t regvalue = static_cast<int16_t>(temp / 0.0625f);
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(regvalue << 4);
 }
 
 static float regvalue2temp(const uint16_t regvalue) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index 5c0397b2cb4..e20bbd02dbc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ void USBUartChannel::flush() {
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
   // The 100 ms timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
   // in that case the main loop is blocked for the full duration.
-  uint32_t deadline = millis() + 100;  // 100 ms safety timeout
-  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() < deadline) {
+  uint32_t start = millis();  // 100 ms safety timeout
+  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() - start < 100) {
     // Kick start_output() in case data arrived but no transfer is in flight yet.
     this->parent_->start_output(this);
     yield();
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
index 907a21225ce..992b2a7adfd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class WhirlpoolClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   /// Handle received IR Buffer
   bool on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) override;
   /// Set the time of the last transmission.
-  int32_t last_transmit_time_{};
+  uint32_t last_transmit_time_{};
 
   bool send_swing_cmd_{false};
   Model model_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 3f0b61b60ca..46bdb20a105 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -210,7 +210,13 @@ WIFI_NETWORK_AP = WIFI_NETWORK_BASE.extend(
 def wifi_network_ap(value):
     if value is None:
         value = {}
-    return WIFI_NETWORK_AP(value)
+    config = WIFI_NETWORK_AP(value)
+    if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config and CORE.is_rp2040:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Manual AP IP configuration is not supported on RP2040. "
+            "The AP uses the default IP 192.168.4.1"
+        )
+    return config
 
 
 WIFI_NETWORK_STA = WIFI_NETWORK_BASE.extend(
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 2a7e64e377a..5140fb285e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,9 @@ static const char *const TAG = "wifi_pico_w";
 // when the fallback AP is active.
 static bool wifi_sta_connected() {
   int link = cyw43_wifi_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
-  bool ip_set = WiFi.localIP().isSet();
-  if (link == CYW43_LINK_JOIN && ip_set) {
+  IPAddress local = WiFi.localIP();
+  if (link == CYW43_LINK_JOIN && local.isSet()) {
     // Verify the IP is a real STA IP, not the AP's IP leaking through
-    IPAddress local = WiFi.localIP();
     IPAddress ap_ip = WiFi.softAPIP();
     if (local == ap_ip) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "wifi_sta_connected: localIP %s matches AP IP, ignoring", local.toString().c_str());
@@ -213,10 +212,8 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   // AP IP is configured by WiFi.beginAP() internally using defaults (192.168.4.1).
-  // Do NOT use WiFi.config() here — that configures the STA interface's IP, which
-  // poisons the STA localIP() and causes wifi_sta_connect_status_() to falsely
-  // report CONNECTED when the AP is active.
-  // Manual AP IP is not currently supported on RP2040.
+  // Manual AP IP has never worked on RP2040 — WiFi.config() configures the STA
+  // interface, not the AP. This is now rejected at config validation time.
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -248,11 +245,11 @@ network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_soft_ap_ip() { return {(const ip_addr_t *
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_disconnect_() {
   // Use cyw43_wifi_leave() directly instead of WiFi.disconnect().
-  // WiFi.disconnect() sets _wifiHWInitted=false and _mode=WIFI_OFF in the Arduino
-  // framework, which causes WiFi.beginAP() to enter AP-only mode (IP 192.168.42.1)
-  // instead of AP_STA mode (IP 192.168.4.1). In AP-only mode, _beginInternal()
-  // redirects all subsequent STA connect attempts to beginAP() via the ESP8266
-  // compat hack, creating an infinite connect/disconnect loop.
+  // WiFi.disconnect() sets _wifiHWInitted=false in the Arduino framework. beginAP()
+  // uses _wifiHWInitted to determine AP+STA vs AP-only mode — with it false,
+  // beginAP() enters AP-only mode (IP 192.168.42.1) instead of AP_STA mode
+  // (IP 192.168.4.1). In AP-only mode, _beginInternal() redirects all subsequent
+  // STA connect attempts to beginAP(), creating an infinite loop.
   cyw43_wifi_leave(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
   return true;
 }
@@ -280,8 +277,15 @@ int32_t WiFiComponent::get_wifi_channel() { return WiFi.channel(); }
 network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   network::IPAddresses addresses;
   uint8_t index = 0;
+  // Filter out AP interface addresses — addrList includes all lwIP netifs.
+  // The AP netif IP lingers even after the AP radio is disabled.
+  IPAddress ap_ip = WiFi.softAPIP();
   for (auto addr : addrList) {
-    addresses[index++] = addr.ipFromNetifNum();
+    IPAddress ip(addr.ipFromNetifNum());
+    if (ip == ap_ip) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    addresses[index++] = ip;
   }
   return addresses;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 1252ff267c1..73b2ab544cb 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ uint32_t WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish() {
   // 1ms granularity, so results were essentially random noise.
   if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
     uint32_t duration_us = micros() - this->started_us_;
-    global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, duration_us, curr_time);
+    global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, duration_us);
   }
 #endif
   if (blocking_time > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS) {