diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index dbb071b87a..608a0e3aa0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -131,9 +131,17 @@ def _validate_native_toolchain(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         return config
     conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
     version = cv.Version.parse(conf[CONF_VERSION])
-    if version < cv.Version(3, 1, 0):
+    # 3.1.1 rather than 3.1.0: the registry has no package for 3.1.0
+    if version < cv.Version(3, 1, 1):
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            "'toolchain: arduino' requires framework version 3.1.0 or newer"
+            "'toolchain: arduino' requires framework version 3.1.1 or newer"
+        )
+    if conf[CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION] != _parse_platform_version(
+        str(ARDUINO_4_PLATFORM_VERSION)
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "'platform_version' is ignored by 'toolchain: arduino'; the native "
+            "toolchain downloads the framework and compiler directly"
         )
     if conf[CONF_SOURCE] != _format_framework_arduino_version(version):
         raise cv.Invalid(
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_toolchain_validation.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_toolchain_validation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09f3939081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_toolchain_validation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Tests for the native (non-PlatformIO) toolchain config validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import (
+    ARDUINO_4_PLATFORM_VERSION,
+    _format_framework_arduino_version,
+    _parse_platform_version,
+    _validate_native_toolchain,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BOARD,
+    CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+    CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION,
+    CONF_SOURCE,
+    CONF_VERSION,
+    Toolchain,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _arduino_toolchain() -> Generator[None]:
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.ARDUINO
+    yield
+    CORE.toolchain = None
+
+
+def _config(
+    version: str = "3.1.2",
+    source: str | None = None,
+    platform_version: str | None = None,
+    board: str = "nodemcuv2",
+) -> ConfigType:
+    return {
+        CONF_FRAMEWORK: {
+            CONF_VERSION: version,
+            CONF_SOURCE: source
+            or _format_framework_arduino_version(cv.Version.parse(version)),
+            CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION: platform_version
+            or _parse_platform_version(str(ARDUINO_4_PLATFORM_VERSION)),
+        },
+        CONF_BOARD: board,
+    }
+
+
+def test_valid_config_passes() -> None:
+    config = _config()
+    assert _validate_native_toolchain(config) is config
+
+
+def test_platformio_toolchain_skips_checks() -> None:
+    CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
+    config = _config(version="2.7.4", board="not_a_board")
+    assert _validate_native_toolchain(config) is config
+
+
+def test_version_floor_is_3_1_1() -> None:
+    # 3.1.0 has no registry package, so the native floor is 3.1.1
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="3.1.1 or newer"):
+        _validate_native_toolchain(_config(version="3.1.0"))
+    _validate_native_toolchain(_config(version="3.1.1"))
+
+
+def test_custom_platform_version_warns(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
+    _validate_native_toolchain(
+        _config(platform_version="platformio/espressif8266@4.0.1")
+    )
+    assert "'platform_version' is ignored" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_default_platform_version_does_not_warn(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    _validate_native_toolchain(_config())
+    assert "'platform_version' is ignored" not in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_custom_source_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="custom framework source"):
+        _validate_native_toolchain(
+            _config(source="https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino.git")
+        )
+
+
+def test_unsupported_board_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported by"):
+        _validate_native_toolchain(_config(board="not_a_board"))