diff --git a/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp b/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp
index 6ef4588b17..efc0cc9fa1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ namespace esphome::cs5460a {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "cs5460a");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t STATUS_CHECK_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 void CS5460AComponent::write_register_(enum CS5460ARegister addr, uint32_t value) {
   this->write_byte(CMD_WRITE | (addr << 1));
   this->write_byte(value >> 16);
@@ -149,13 +151,13 @@ void CS5460AComponent::schedule_next_check_() {
       this->status_momentary_warning("warning", 1000);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Device officially stuck, resetting");
-      this->cancel_timeout("status-check");
+      this->cancel_timeout(STATUS_CHECK_TIMEOUT_ID);
       this->hw_init_();
       return;
     }
   }
 
-  this->set_timeout("status-check", time_left, [this]() {
+  this->set_timeout(STATUS_CHECK_TIMEOUT_ID, time_left, [this]() {
     if (!this->check_status_())
       this->schedule_next_check_();
   });
diff --git a/esphome/components/ct_clamp/ct_clamp_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ct_clamp/ct_clamp_sensor.cpp
index d9e4b2b8fa..6488c468c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ct_clamp/ct_clamp_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ct_clamp/ct_clamp_sensor.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ namespace esphome::ct_clamp {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ct_clamp");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t READ_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 void CTClampSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "CT Clamp Sensor", this);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sample Duration: %.2fs", this->sample_duration_ / 1e3f);
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ void CTClampSensor::update() {
   this->high_freq_.start();
 
   // Set timeout for ending sampling phase
-  this->set_timeout("read", this->sample_duration_, [this]() {
+  this->set_timeout(READ_TIMEOUT_ID, this->sample_duration_, [this]() {
     this->is_sampling_ = false;
     this->high_freq_.stop();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
index 6311fd3cf3..0474397571 100644
--- a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ namespace esphome::current_based {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "current_based.cover");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t ROLLBACK_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 using namespace esphome::cover;
 
 CoverTraits CurrentBasedCover::get_traits() {
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::loop() {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Obstacle detected during opening.", this->name_.c_str());
       this->direction_idle_();
       if (this->obstacle_rollback_ != 0) {
-        this->set_timeout("rollback", 300, [this]() {
+        this->set_timeout(ROLLBACK_TIMEOUT_ID, 300, [this]() {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Rollback.", this->name_.c_str());
           this->target_position_ = clamp(this->position - this->obstacle_rollback_, 0.0F, 1.0F);
           this->start_direction_(COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING);
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::loop() {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Obstacle detected during closing.", this->name_.c_str());
       this->direction_idle_();
       if (this->obstacle_rollback_ != 0) {
-        this->set_timeout("rollback", 300, [this]() {
+        this->set_timeout(ROLLBACK_TIMEOUT_ID, 300, [this]() {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Rollback.", this->name_.c_str());
           this->target_position_ = clamp(this->position + this->obstacle_rollback_, 0.0F, 1.0F);
           this->start_direction_(COVER_OPERATION_OPENING);
diff --git a/esphome/components/dps310/dps310.cpp b/esphome/components/dps310/dps310.cpp
index abb34d6598..080f101747 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dps310/dps310.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dps310/dps310.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ namespace esphome::dps310 {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "dps310");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t READ_RETRY_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 void DPS310Component::setup() {
   uint8_t coef_data_raw[DPS310_NUM_COEF_REGS];
   auto timer = DPS310_INIT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ void DPS310Component::read_() {
     this->update_in_progress_ = false;
     this->status_clear_warning();
   } else {
-    this->set_timeout("dps310", 10, [this]() { this->read_(); });
+    this->set_timeout(READ_RETRY_TIMEOUT_ID, 10, [this]() { this->read_(); });
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp b/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp
index fa1d459407..5815fc9038 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ens210/ens210.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ namespace esphome::ens210 {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ens210");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t DATA_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 // ENS210 chip constants
 static const uint8_t ENS210_BOOTING_MS = 2;  // Booting time in ms (also after reset, or going to high power)
 static const uint8_t ENS210_SINGLE_MEASURMENT_CONVERSION_TIME_MS =
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ void ENS210Component::update() {
     return;
   }
   // Wait for measurement to complete
-  this->set_timeout("data", uint32_t(ENS210_SINGLE_MEASURMENT_CONVERSION_TIME_MS), [this]() {
+  this->set_timeout(DATA_TIMEOUT_ID, uint32_t(ENS210_SINGLE_MEASURMENT_CONVERSION_TIME_MS), [this]() {
     int temperature_data, temperature_status, humidity_data, humidity_status;
     uint8_t data[6];
     uint32_t h_val_data, t_val_data;
diff --git a/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/gp2y1010au0f.cpp b/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/gp2y1010au0f.cpp
index 552261155f..ac98a01fd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/gp2y1010au0f.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/gp2y1010au0f.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 namespace esphome::gp2y1010au0f {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "gp2y1010au0f");
+
+static constexpr uint32_t READ_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 static const float MIN_VOLTAGE = 0.0f;
 static const float MAX_VOLTAGE = 4.0f;
 
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ void GP2Y1010AU0FSensor::dump_config() {
 void GP2Y1010AU0FSensor::update() {
   is_sampling_ = true;
 
-  this->set_timeout("read", this->sample_duration_, [this]() {
+  this->set_timeout(READ_TIMEOUT_ID, this->sample_duration_, [this]() {
     this->is_sampling_ = false;
     if (this->num_samples_ == 0)
       return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
index b45b3b612f..d542848657 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ namespace esphome::hdc302x {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "hdc302x.sensor");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t HEATER_OFF_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 // Commands (per datasheet Table 7-4)
 static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_SOFT_RESET[2] = {0x30, 0xa2};
 static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS_REGISTER[2] = {0x30, 0x41};
@@ -68,14 +70,14 @@ void HDC302XComponent::start_heater(uint16_t power, uint32_t duration_ms) {
     return;
   }
   this->heater_active_ = true;
-  this->cancel_timeout("heater_off");
+  this->cancel_timeout(HEATER_OFF_TIMEOUT_ID);
   if (duration_ms > 0) {
-    this->set_timeout("heater_off", duration_ms, [this]() { this->stop_heater(); });
+    this->set_timeout(HEATER_OFF_TIMEOUT_ID, duration_ms, [this]() { this->stop_heater(); });
   }
 }
 
 void HDC302XComponent::stop_heater() {
-  this->cancel_timeout("heater_off");
+  this->cancel_timeout(HEATER_OFF_TIMEOUT_ID);
   if (!this->disable_heater_()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater stop failed");
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/honeywell_hih.cpp b/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/honeywell_hih.cpp
index a237f3bd60..352d3f7f01 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/honeywell_hih.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/honeywell_hih.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ namespace esphome::honeywell_hih_i2c {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "honeywell_hih.i2c");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 static const uint8_t REQUEST_CMD[1] = {0x00};  // Measurement Request Format
 static const uint16_t MAX_COUNT = 0x3FFE;      // 2^14 - 2
 
@@ -68,13 +70,13 @@ void HoneywellHIComponent::update() {
 
   this->start_measurement_();
   // The measurement cycle duration is typically 36.65 ms for temperature and humidity readings.
-  this->set_timeout("meas_timeout", 100, [this] { this->measurement_timeout_(); });
+  this->set_timeout(MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_ID, 100, [this] { this->measurement_timeout_(); });
 }
 
 void HoneywellHIComponent::loop() {
   if (this->measurement_running_ && this->is_measurement_ready_()) {
     this->measurement_running_ = false;
-    this->cancel_timeout("meas_timeout");
+    this->cancel_timeout(MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_ID);
     this->read_sensor_data_();
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.cpp b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.cpp
index 891eb4447d..2ca3fb821c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ static const uint8_t STATUS_MATH_SAT = 0;
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "honeywellabp2");
 
+static constexpr uint32_t MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
+
 void HONEYWELLABP2Sensor::read_sensor_data() {
   if (this->read(raw_data_, 7) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ float HONEYWELLABP2Sensor::get_temperature() { return this->last_temperature_; }
 void HONEYWELLABP2Sensor::loop() {
   if (this->measurement_running_) {
     if (this->is_measurement_ready()) {
-      this->cancel_timeout("meas_timeout");
+      this->cancel_timeout(MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_ID);
 
       this->read_sensor_data();
       if (pressure_sensor_ != nullptr) {
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ void HONEYWELLABP2Sensor::update() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Update Honeywell ABP2 Sensor");
 
   this->start_measurement();
-  this->set_timeout("meas_timeout", 100, [this] { this->measurement_timeout(); });
+  this->set_timeout(MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_ID, 100, [this] { this->measurement_timeout(); });
 }
 
 void HONEYWELLABP2Sensor::dump_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/hydreon_rgxx.cpp b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/hydreon_rgxx.cpp
index 0afeb94bf3..36a7b1b351 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/hydreon_rgxx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/hydreon_rgxx.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 namespace esphome::hydreon_rgxx {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "hydreon_rgxx.sensor");
+
+static constexpr uint32_t REBOOT_INTERVAL_ID = 0;
+
 static const int MAX_DATA_LENGTH_BYTES = 80;
 static const uint8_t ASCII_LF = 0x0A;
 #define HYDREON_RGXX_COMMA ,
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ void HydreonRGxxComponent::loop() {
  */
 void HydreonRGxxComponent::schedule_reboot_() {
   this->boot_count_ = 0;
-  this->set_interval("reboot", 5000, [this]() {
+  this->set_interval(REBOOT_INTERVAL_ID, 5000, [this]() {
     if (this->boot_count_ < 0) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "hydreon_rgxx failed to boot %d times", -this->boot_count_);
     }
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ void HydreonRGxxComponent::process_line_() {
     } else {
       this->boot_count_++;
     }
-    this->cancel_interval("reboot");
+    this->cancel_interval(REBOOT_INTERVAL_ID);
     this->no_response_count_ = 0;
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Boot detected: %s", this->buffer_.substr(0, this->buffer_.size() - 2).c_str());