diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 475de6aa3e..eaa9aa163d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ from .const import (  # noqa
     KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES,
     KEY_FLASH_SIZE,
     KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE,
+    KEY_IDF_VERSION,
     KEY_PATH,
     KEY_REF,
     KEY_REPO,
@@ -420,9 +421,20 @@ def set_core_data(config):
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS] = excluded
     # Initialize Arduino library tracking - cg.add_library() auto-enables libraries
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_ARDUINO_LIBRARIES] = set()
-    CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] = cv.Version.parse(
-        config[CONF_FRAMEWORK][CONF_VERSION]
-    )
+    framework_ver = cv.Version.parse(config[CONF_FRAMEWORK][CONF_VERSION])
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] = framework_ver
+
+    # Store the underlying IDF version for framework-agnostic checks
+    if conf[CONF_TYPE] == FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF:
+        CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_IDF_VERSION] = framework_ver
+    elif (idf_ver := ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP.get(framework_ver)) is not None:
+        CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_IDF_VERSION] = idf_ver
+    else:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Arduino version {framework_ver} has no known ESP-IDF version mapping. "
+            "Please update ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP.",
+            path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_VERSION],
+        )
 
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_BOARD] = config[CONF_BOARD]
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_FLASH_SIZE] = config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE]
@@ -974,6 +986,7 @@ KEY_USB_SERIAL_JTAG_SECONDARY_REQUIRED = "usb_serial_jtag_secondary_required"
 KEY_MBEDTLS_PEER_CERT_REQUIRED = "mbedtls_peer_cert_required"
 KEY_MBEDTLS_PKCS7_REQUIRED = "mbedtls_pkcs7_required"
 KEY_FATFS_REQUIRED = "fatfs_required"
+KEY_MBEDTLS_SHA512_REQUIRED = "mbedtls_sha512_required"
 
 
 def require_vfs_select() -> None:
@@ -1043,6 +1056,25 @@ def require_mbedtls_pkcs7() -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_MBEDTLS_PKCS7_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
+def require_mbedtls_sha512() -> None:
+    """Mark that mbedTLS SHA-384/SHA-512 support is required by a component.
+
+    Call this from components that need to verify TLS certificates or signatures
+    using SHA-384 or SHA-512 algorithms. This prevents CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SHA384_C
+    and CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SHA512_C from being disabled.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_MBEDTLS_SHA512_REQUIRED] = True
+
+
+def idf_version() -> cv.Version:
+    """Return the underlying ESP-IDF version regardless of framework choice.
+
+    For ESP-IDF builds this is the framework version directly.
+    For Arduino builds this is the mapped IDF version from ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP.
+    """
+    return CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_IDF_VERSION]
+
+
 def require_fatfs() -> None:
     """Mark that FATFS support is required by a component.
 
@@ -1802,6 +1834,21 @@ async def to_code(config):
     elif advanced[CONF_DISABLE_MBEDTLS_PKCS7]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PKCS7_C", False)
 
+    # Disable SHA-384 and SHA-512 in mbedTLS
+    # ESPHome doesn't use either algorithm. SHA-384 shares the same
+    # compression function as SHA-512 (mbedtls_internal_sha512_process),
+    # so both must be disabled to eliminate the ~3KB software fallback
+    # that IDF 6.0's PSA parallel engine always links in.
+    # On IDF < 6.0 these are a single config and hardware-only (no
+    # software fallback), so there was no code size cost to leaving
+    # them enabled.
+    # Components that need SHA-384/SHA-512 can call require_mbedtls_sha512()
+    if idf_version() >= cv.Version(6, 0, 0) and not CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(
+        KEY_MBEDTLS_SHA512_REQUIRED, False
+    ):
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SHA384_C", False)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SHA512_C", False)
+
     # Disable regi2c control functions in IRAM
     # Only needed if using analog peripherals (ADC, DAC, etc.) from ISRs while cache is disabled
     if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_REGI2C_IN_IRAM]:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/const.py b/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
index 7874c1c759..d0d00723fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/const.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ KEY_PATH = "path"
 KEY_SUBMODULES = "submodules"
 KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES = "extra_build_files"
 KEY_FULL_CERT_BUNDLE = "full_cert_bundle"
+KEY_IDF_VERSION = "idf_version"
 
 VARIANT_ESP32 = "ESP32"
 VARIANT_ESP32C2 = "ESP32C2"
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
index a51ae2cd66..3f9185745d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
@@ -4,14 +4,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from esphome import pins
 from esphome.components import esp32
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_CLK_PIN,
-    CONF_RESET_PIN,
-    CONF_VARIANT,
-    KEY_CORE,
-    KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
-)
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.const import CONF_CLK_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN, CONF_VARIANT
 from esphome.cpp_generator import add_define
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@swoboda1337"]
@@ -100,9 +93,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         int(config[CONF_SDIO_FREQUENCY] // 1000),
     )
 
-    framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
-    os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{framework_ver.major}.{framework_ver.minor}"
-    if framework_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
+    idf_ver = esp32.idf_version()
+    os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{idf_ver.major}.{idf_ver.minor}"
+    if idf_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.4.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.4")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.1")
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
index 935d2004d4..e520c0e914 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_component,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     get_esp32_variant,
+    idf_version,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
 )
 from esphome.components.network import ip_address_literal
@@ -176,13 +177,12 @@ ManualIP = ethernet_ns.struct("ManualIP")
 def _is_framework_spi_polling_mode_supported():
     # SPI Ethernet without IRQ feature is added in
     # esp-idf >= (5.3+ ,5.2.1+, 5.1.4)
-    # Note: Arduino now uses ESP-IDF as a component, so we only check IDF version
-    framework_version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
-    if framework_version >= cv.Version(5, 3, 0):
+    ver = idf_version()
+    if ver >= cv.Version(5, 3, 0):
         return True
-    if cv.Version(5, 3, 0) > framework_version >= cv.Version(5, 2, 1):
+    if cv.Version(5, 3, 0) > ver >= cv.Version(5, 2, 1):
         return True
-    if cv.Version(5, 2, 0) > framework_version >= cv.Version(5, 1, 4):  # noqa: SIM103
+    if cv.Version(5, 2, 0) > ver >= cv.Version(5, 1, 4):  # noqa: SIM103
         return True
     return False
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py b/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
index 9b364584ff..86c17ce9ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/psram/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     get_esp32_variant,
+    idf_version,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -23,8 +24,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_SPEED,
-    KEY_CORE,
-    KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
@@ -202,9 +201,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         # ESP32 and ESP32-S2 don't have this constraint.
         if variant not in (VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32S2):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHFREQ_120M", True)
-        if config[CONF_MODE] == TYPE_OCTAL and CORE.data[KEY_CORE][
-            KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
-        ] >= cv.Version(5, 4, 0):
+        if config[CONF_MODE] == TYPE_OCTAL and idf_version() >= cv.Version(5, 4, 0):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
                 "CONFIG_SPIRAM_TIMING_TUNING_POINT_VIA_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR",
                 True,