diff --git a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
index 4cfa9e67ec1..90fe067b32c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_ACTION_MODE = {
 AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(AGS10Component),
-        cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.enum(AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_ACTION_MODE, upper=True),
+        cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.templatable(
+            cv.enum(AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_ACTION_MODE, upper=True)
+        ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE, default=0xFFFF): cv.templatable(cv.uint16_t),
     },
 )
@@ -127,8 +129,10 @@ AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 async def ags10setzeropoint_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
-    mode = await cg.templatable(config.get(CONF_MODE), args, enumerate)
+    mode = await cg.templatable(
+        config.get(CONF_MODE), args, AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode
+    )
     cg.add(var.set_mode(mode))
-    value = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, int)
+    value = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, cg.uint16)
     cg.add(var.set_value(value))
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 96ee2fb9209..1e03675999b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ message BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse {
 message BluetoothLERawAdvertisement {
   uint64 address = 1 [(force) = true];
   sint32 rssi = 2 [(force) = true];
-  uint32 address_type = 3;
+  uint32 address_type = 3 [(max_value) = 4];
 
   bytes data = 4 [(fixed_array_size) = 62, (force) = true];
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index ceb1a550041..e0226dba2b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
@@ -276,6 +279,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
     rp2040::crash_handler_log();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+    esp8266::crash_handler_log();
 #endif
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index f47ba57d2fc..6dba64a7f88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -237,132 +237,144 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
  * If an error occurred, returns that error. Only returns OK if the transport is ready for data
  * traffic.
  */
+// Split into per-state methods so the compiler doesn't allocate stack space
+// for all branches simultaneously. On RP2040 the core0 stack lives in a 4KB
+// scratch RAM bank; the Noise crypto path (curve25519) needs ~2KB+ of stack,
+// so every byte saved in the caller matters.
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
-  int err;
-  APIError aerr;
-  if (state_ == State::INITIALIZE) {
-    HELPER_LOG("Bad state for method: %d", (int) state_);
-    return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+  switch (this->state_) {
+    case State::INITIALIZE:
+      HELPER_LOG("Bad state for method: %d", (int) this->state_);
+      return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+    case State::CLIENT_HELLO:
+      return this->state_action_client_hello_();
+    case State::SERVER_HELLO:
+      return this->state_action_server_hello_();
+    case State::HANDSHAKE:
+      return this->state_action_handshake_();
+    case State::CLOSED:
+    case State::FAILED:
+      return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+    default:
+      return APIError::OK;
   }
-  if (state_ == State::CLIENT_HELLO) {
-    // waiting for client hello
-    aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
-      return handle_handshake_frame_error_(aerr);
-    }
-    // ignore contents, may be used in future for flags
-    // Resize for: existing prologue + 2 size bytes + frame data
-    size_t old_size = this->prologue_.size();
-    size_t rx_size = this->rx_buf_.size();
-    this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size);
-    this->prologue_[old_size] = (uint8_t) (rx_size >> 8);
-    this->prologue_[old_size + 1] = (uint8_t) rx_size;
-    if (rx_size > 0) {
-      std::memcpy(this->prologue_.data() + old_size + 2, this->rx_buf_.data(), rx_size);
-    }
-
-    state_ = State::SERVER_HELLO;
+}
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_client_hello_() {
+  // waiting for client hello
+  APIError aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
+    return handle_handshake_frame_error_(aerr);
   }
-  if (state_ == State::SERVER_HELLO) {
-    // send server hello
-    const auto &name = App.get_name();
-    char mac[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac);
-
-    // Calculate positions and sizes
-    size_t name_len = name.size() + 1;  // including null terminator
-    size_t name_offset = 1;
-    size_t mac_offset = name_offset + name_len;
-    size_t total_size = 1 + name_len + MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE;
-
-    // 1 (proto) + name (max ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN) + 1 (name null)
-    // + mac (MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) + 1 (mac null)
-    constexpr size_t max_msg_size = 1 + ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE;
-    uint8_t msg[max_msg_size];
-
-    // chosen proto
-    msg[0] = 0x01;
-
-    // node name, terminated by null byte
-    std::memcpy(msg + name_offset, name.c_str(), name_len);
-    // node mac, terminated by null byte
-    std::memcpy(msg + mac_offset, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE);
-
-    aerr = write_frame_(msg, total_size);
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-      return aerr;
-
-    // start handshake
-    aerr = init_handshake_();
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-      return aerr;
-
-    state_ = State::HANDSHAKE;
+  // ignore contents, may be used in future for flags
+  // Resize for: existing prologue + 2 size bytes + frame data
+  size_t old_size = this->prologue_.size();
+  size_t rx_size = this->rx_buf_.size();
+  this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size);
+  this->prologue_[old_size] = (uint8_t) (rx_size >> 8);
+  this->prologue_[old_size + 1] = (uint8_t) rx_size;
+  if (rx_size > 0) {
+    std::memcpy(this->prologue_.data() + old_size + 2, this->rx_buf_.data(), rx_size);
   }
-  if (state_ == State::HANDSHAKE) {
-    int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(handshake_);
-    if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE) {
-      // waiting for handshake msg
-      aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
-      if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
-        return handle_handshake_frame_error_(aerr);
-      }
 
-      if (this->rx_buf_.empty()) {
-        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Empty handshake message"));
-        return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
-      } else if (this->rx_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
-        HELPER_LOG("Bad handshake error byte: %u", this->rx_buf_[0]);
-        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad handshake error byte"));
-        return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
-      }
-
-      NoiseBuffer mbuf;
-      noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-      noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, this->rx_buf_.data() + 1, this->rx_buf_.size() - 1);
-      err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
-      if (err != 0) {
-        // Special handling for MAC failure
-        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure")
-                                                                       : LOG_STR("Handshake error"));
-        return handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_read_message"),
-                                   APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED);
-      }
-
-      aerr = check_handshake_finished_();
-      if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-        return aerr;
-    } else if (action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE) {
-      uint8_t buffer[65];
-      NoiseBuffer mbuf;
-      noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-      noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
-
-      err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
-      APIError aerr_write = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_write_message"),
-                                                APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED);
-      if (aerr_write != APIError::OK)
-        return aerr_write;
-      buffer[0] = 0x00;  // success
-
-      aerr = write_frame_(buffer, mbuf.size + 1);
-      if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-        return aerr;
-      aerr = check_handshake_finished_();
-      if (aerr != APIError::OK)
-        return aerr;
-    } else {
-      // bad state for action
-      state_ = State::FAILED;
-      HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", action);
-      return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
-    }
-  }
-  if (state_ == State::CLOSED || state_ == State::FAILED) {
-    return APIError::BAD_STATE;
-  }
+  state_ = State::SERVER_HELLO;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_server_hello_() {
+  // send server hello
+  const auto &name = App.get_name();
+  char mac[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac);
+
+  // Calculate positions and sizes
+  size_t name_len = name.size() + 1;  // including null terminator
+  size_t name_offset = 1;
+  size_t mac_offset = name_offset + name_len;
+  size_t total_size = 1 + name_len + MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+  // 1 (proto) + name (max ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN) + 1 (name null)
+  // + mac (MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) + 1 (mac null)
+  constexpr size_t max_msg_size = 1 + ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE;
+  uint8_t msg[max_msg_size];
+
+  // chosen proto
+  msg[0] = 0x01;
+
+  // node name, terminated by null byte
+  std::memcpy(msg + name_offset, name.c_str(), name_len);
+  // node mac, terminated by null byte
+  std::memcpy(msg + mac_offset, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+  APIError aerr = write_frame_(msg, total_size);
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
+    return aerr;
+
+  // start handshake
+  aerr = init_handshake_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
+    return aerr;
+
+  state_ = State::HANDSHAKE;
+  return APIError::OK;
+}
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_() {
+  int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(this->handshake_);
+  if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE) {
+    return this->state_action_handshake_read_();
+  } else if (action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE) {
+    return this->state_action_handshake_write_();
+  }
+  // bad state for action
+  this->state_ = State::FAILED;
+  HELPER_LOG("Bad action for handshake: %d", action);
+  return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
+}
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_read_() {
+  APIError aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
+    return this->handle_handshake_frame_error_(aerr);
+  }
+
+  if (this->rx_buf_.empty()) {
+    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Empty handshake message"));
+    return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
+  } else if (this->rx_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
+    HELPER_LOG("Bad handshake error byte: %u", this->rx_buf_[0]);
+    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad handshake error byte"));
+    return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
+  }
+
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_input(mbuf, this->rx_buf_.data() + 1, this->rx_buf_.size() - 1);
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // Special handling for MAC failure
+    this->send_explicit_handshake_reject_(err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure")
+                                                                         : LOG_STR("Handshake error"));
+    return this->handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_read_message"),
+                                     APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED);
+  }
+
+  return this->check_handshake_finished_();
+}
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_handshake_write_() {
+  uint8_t buffer[65];
+  NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+  noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+  noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+
+  int err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(this->handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
+  APIError aerr = this->handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_write_message"),
+                                            APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED);
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
+    return aerr;
+  buffer[0] = 0x00;  // success
+
+  aerr = this->write_frame_(buffer, mbuf.size + 1);
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
+    return aerr;
+  return this->check_handshake_finished_();
+}
 void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reason) {
   // Max reject message: "Bad handshake packet len" (24) + 1 (failure byte) = 25 bytes
   uint8_t data[32];
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
index bd2d05a5bdd..0676eab78d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
 
  protected:
   APIError state_action_();
+  APIError state_action_client_hello_();
+  APIError state_action_server_hello_();
+  APIError state_action_handshake_();
+  APIError state_action_handshake_read_();
+  APIError state_action_handshake_write_();
   APIError try_read_frame_();
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
   APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
index 02600f0977f..0aa9e814cf8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
@@ -96,4 +96,10 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     // variant of the calc_ method. Use on fields that are almost always non-default
     // to eliminate dead branches on hot paths.
     optional bool force = 50016 [default=false];
+
+    // max_value: Maximum value a field can have.
+    // When max_value < 128, the code generator emits constant-size calculations
+    // and direct byte writes instead of varint branching, since the encoded varint
+    // is guaranteed to be 1 byte.
+    optional uint32 max_value = 50017;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index ae2cd2bae8d..f25d269e8f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -2255,15 +2255,15 @@ void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_varint_raw(encode_zigzag32(this->rssi));
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->address_type);
   buffer.write_raw_byte(34);
-  buffer.encode_varint_raw(this->data_len);
+  buffer.write_raw_byte(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->data_len));
   buffer.encode_raw(this->data, this->data_len);
 }
 uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->address);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_sint32_force(1, this->rssi);
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->address_type);
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, this->data_len);
+  size += this->address_type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += 2 + this->data_len;
   return size;
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
index 34e65706288..4923491f0c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
@@ -173,8 +173,10 @@ async def at581x_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         cg.add(var.set_hw_frontend_reset(template_))
 
     if freq := config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY):
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(freq, args, float)
-        template_ = int(template_ / 1000000)
+        if cg.is_template(freq):
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(freq, args, cg.int32)
+        else:
+            template_ = int(freq / 1000000)
         cg.add(var.set_frequency(template_))
 
     if (sens_dist := config.get(CONF_SENSING_DISTANCE)) is not None:
@@ -182,31 +184,19 @@ async def at581x_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         cg.add(var.set_sensing_distance(template_))
 
     if selfcheck := config.get(CONF_POWERON_SELFCHECK_TIME):
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(selfcheck, args, float)
-        if isinstance(template_, cv.TimePeriod):
-            template_ = template_.total_milliseconds
-        template_ = int(template_)
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(selfcheck, args, cg.int32)
         cg.add(var.set_poweron_selfcheck_time(template_))
 
     if protect := config.get(CONF_PROTECT_TIME):
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(protect, args, float)
-        if isinstance(template_, cv.TimePeriod):
-            template_ = template_.total_milliseconds
-        template_ = int(template_)
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(protect, args, cg.int32)
         cg.add(var.set_protect_time(template_))
 
     if trig_base := config.get(CONF_TRIGGER_BASE):
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(trig_base, args, float)
-        if isinstance(template_, cv.TimePeriod):
-            template_ = template_.total_milliseconds
-        template_ = int(template_)
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(trig_base, args, cg.int32)
         cg.add(var.set_trigger_base(template_))
 
     if trig_keep := config.get(CONF_TRIGGER_KEEP):
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(trig_keep, args, float)
-        if isinstance(template_, cv.TimePeriod):
-            template_ = template_.total_milliseconds
-        template_ = int(template_)
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(trig_keep, args, cg.int32)
         cg.add(var.set_trigger_keep(template_))
 
     if (stage_gain := config.get(CONF_STAGE_GAIN)) is not None:
@@ -214,8 +204,10 @@ async def at581x_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         cg.add(var.set_stage_gain(template_))
 
     if power := config.get(CONF_POWER_CONSUMPTION):
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(power, args, float)
-        template_ = int(template_ * 1000000)
+        if cg.is_template(power):
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(power, args, cg.int32)
+        else:
+            template_ = int(power * 1000000)
         cg.add(var.set_power_consumption(template_))
 
     return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/button/button.cpp b/esphome/components/button/button.cpp
index b1c491805e0..2a2a6451325 100644
--- a/esphome/components/button/button.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/button/button.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void log_button(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Button *o
 }
 
 void Button::press() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Pressed.", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' Pressed.", this->get_name().c_str());
   this->press_action();
   this->press_callback_.call();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 0ce1117262f..0d8a2215245 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, rmtree, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
-from esphome.writer import clean_cmake_cache
+from esphome.writer import clean_build, clean_cmake_cache
 
 from .boards import BOARDS, STANDARD_BOARDS
 from .const import (  # noqa
@@ -97,8 +97,12 @@ CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT = "enable_lwip_assert"
 CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM = "execute_from_psram"
 CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION = "minimum_chip_revision"
 CONF_RELEASE = "release"
+CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION = "signed_ota_verification"
+CONF_SIGNING_KEY = "signing_key"
+CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME = "signing_scheme"
 CONF_SRAM1_AS_IRAM = "sram1_as_iram"
 CONF_SUBTYPE = "subtype"
+CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY = "verification_key"
 
 ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_NAME = "framework-arduinoespressif32"
 ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_PKG = f"pioarduino/{ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_NAME}"
@@ -120,6 +124,27 @@ ASSERTION_LEVELS = {
     "SILENT": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_ASSERTIONS_SILENT",
 }
 
+SIGNING_SCHEMES = {
+    "rsa3072": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME",
+    "ecdsa256": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_V2_SCHEME",
+}
+
+# Chip variants that only support one signing scheme for Secure Boot V2.
+# Based on SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_RSA / SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC in soc_caps.h.
+# Variants not listed in either set support both RSA and ECDSA
+# (e.g. C5, C6, H2, P4). New variants should be added to the
+# appropriate set if they only support one scheme.
+SIGNED_OTA_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+}
+SIGNED_OTA_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32C2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C61,
+}
+
 COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
     "DEBUG": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG",
     "NONE": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_NONE",
@@ -962,6 +987,47 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 )
             # disable the rollback feature anyway since it can't be used.
             advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK] = False
+    if signed_ota := advanced.get(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION):
+        scheme = signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME]
+        variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
+        scheme_variant_conflicts = {
+            "ecdsa256": (SIGNED_OTA_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS, "rsa3072"),
+            "rsa3072": (SIGNED_OTA_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS, "ecdsa256"),
+        }
+        if (conflict := scheme_variant_conflicts.get(scheme)) and variant in conflict[
+            0
+        ]:
+            errs.append(
+                cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Signing scheme '{scheme}' is not supported on "
+                    f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use '{conflict[1]}' instead.",
+                    path=[
+                        CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+                        CONF_ADVANCED,
+                        CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION,
+                        CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME,
+                    ],
+                )
+            )
+        if CONF_OTA not in full_config:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Signed OTA verification is enabled but no OTA component is configured. "
+                "The initial firmware will be signed but OTA updates won't be possible "
+                "until an OTA component is added."
+            )
+        if CONF_SIGNING_KEY in signed_ota:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Signed OTA verification is enabled. Keep your signing key safe! "
+                "If you lose the signing key, you will NOT be able to OTA update "
+                "devices running firmware signed with this key. "
+                "Without the key, you'll need to reflash via serial."
+            )
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Signed OTA verification is configured with a public verification key. "
+                "Binaries will NOT be signed automatically during build. "
+                "You must sign them externally before flashing."
+            )
     if errs:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errs)
 
@@ -1173,6 +1239,18 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                     min=8192, max=32768
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION): cv.All(
+                    cv.Schema(
+                        {
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_SIGNING_KEY): cv.file_,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY): cv.file_,
+                            cv.Optional(
+                                CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME, default="rsa3072"
+                            ): cv.one_of(*SIGNING_SCHEMES, lower=True),
+                        }
+                    ),
+                    cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_SIGNING_KEY, CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY),
+                ),
                 cv.Optional(
                     CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE, default=False
                 ): cv.boolean,
@@ -1878,6 +1956,32 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_APP_ROLLBACK_ENABLE", True)
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ROLLBACK")
 
+    # Enable signed app verification without hardware secure boot
+    if signed_ota := advanced.get(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION):
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT", True)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_ON_UPDATE_NO_SECURE_BOOT", True)
+
+        scheme = signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME]
+        for key, flag in SIGNING_SCHEMES.items():
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(flag, scheme == key)
+
+        if CONF_SIGNING_KEY in signed_ota:
+            # Private key mode — auto-sign binaries during build
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_BUILD_SIGNED_BINARIES", True)
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+                "CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_SIGNING_KEY",
+                str(signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_KEY].resolve()),
+            )
+        else:
+            # Public key mode — verification only, external signing required
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_BUILD_SIGNED_BINARIES", False)
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+                "CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY",
+                str(signed_ota[CONF_VERIFICATION_KEY].resolve()),
+            )
+
+        cg.add_define("USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION")
+
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE", advanced[CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE])
 
     cg.add_define(
@@ -2195,6 +2299,7 @@ def _write_sdkconfig():
     if write_file_if_changed(internal_path, contents):
         # internal changed, update real one
         write_file_if_changed(sdk_path, contents)
+        clean_build(clear_pio_cache=False)
 
 
 def _write_idf_component_yml():
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script b/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
index 5ef5860687c..8d13214259a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
@@ -8,6 +8,99 @@ import shutil  # noqa: E402
 from glob import glob  # noqa: E402
 
 
+def _parse_sdkconfig(sdkconfig_path):
+    """Parse sdkconfig file and return a dict of CONFIG_ options."""
+    options = {}
+    try:
+        for line in sdkconfig_path.read_text().splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if line and not line.startswith("#") and "=" in line:
+                key, _, value = line.partition("=")
+                # Strip surrounding quotes from string values
+                if value.startswith('"') and value.endswith('"'):
+                    value = value[1:-1]
+                options[key] = value
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
+    return options
+
+
+def sign_firmware(source, target, env):
+    """
+    Sign the firmware binary using espsecure.py if signed OTA verification is enabled.
+    Reads signing configuration from sdkconfig.
+    """
+    build_dir = pathlib.Path(env.subst("$BUILD_DIR"))
+    project_dir = pathlib.Path(env.subst("$PROJECT_DIR"))
+    pioenv = env.subst("$PIOENV")
+    sdkconfig = _parse_sdkconfig(project_dir / f"sdkconfig.{pioenv}")
+
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_NO_SECURE_BOOT") != "y":
+        return
+
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_BUILD_SIGNED_BINARIES") != "y":
+        print("Signed OTA verification enabled but build-time signing disabled.")
+        print("You must sign the firmware externally before flashing.")
+        return
+
+    signing_key = sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_SIGNING_KEY")
+    if not signing_key:
+        print("Error: CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_SIGNING_KEY not set in sdkconfig")
+        env.Exit(1)
+        return
+
+    signing_key_path = pathlib.Path(signing_key)
+    if not signing_key_path.exists():
+        print(f"Error: Signing key not found: {signing_key_path}")
+        env.Exit(1)
+        return
+
+    # ESPHome only exposes RSA3072 and ECDSA256 (both Secure Boot V2 schemes),
+    # so the espsecure signature version is always 2.
+    sign_version = "2"
+
+    firmware_name = os.path.basename(env.subst("$PROGNAME")) + ".bin"
+    firmware_path = build_dir / firmware_name
+
+    if not firmware_path.exists():
+        print(f"Error: Firmware binary not found: {firmware_path}")
+        env.Exit(1)
+        return
+
+    python_exe = f'"{env.subst("$PYTHONEXE")}"'
+    unsigned_path = firmware_path.with_suffix(".unsigned.bin")
+
+    # Keep a copy of the unsigned binary
+    shutil.copyfile(str(firmware_path), str(unsigned_path))
+
+    cmd = [
+        python_exe,
+        "-m",
+        "espsecure",
+        "sign-data",
+        "--version",
+        sign_version,
+        "--keyfile",
+        str(signing_key_path),
+        "--output",
+        str(firmware_path),
+        str(unsigned_path),
+    ]
+
+    print(f"Signing firmware with key: {signing_key_path.name}")
+    result = env.Execute(
+        env.VerboseAction(" ".join(cmd), "Signing firmware with espsecure")
+    )
+
+    if result == 0:
+        print("Successfully signed firmware")
+    else:
+        print(f"Error: espsecure sign_data failed with code {result}")
+        # Restore unsigned binary on failure
+        shutil.copyfile(str(unsigned_path), str(firmware_path))
+        env.Exit(1)
+
+
 def merge_factory_bin(source, target, env):
     """
     Merges all flash sections into a single .factory.bin using esptool.
@@ -124,7 +217,8 @@ def esp32_copy_ota_bin(source, target, env):
     print(f"Copied firmware to {new_file_name}")
 
 
-# Run merge first, then ota copy second
+# Run signing first, then merge, then ota copy
+env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", sign_firmware)  # noqa: F821
 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", merge_factory_bin)  # noqa: F821
 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", esp32_copy_ota_bin)  # noqa: F821
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index 2cd2ec67f7a..68e5fffe2bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -399,8 +399,17 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
     return;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
+  if (this->advertising_ != nullptr) {
+    this->advertising_->loop();
+  }
+#endif
+
   BLEEvent *ble_event = this->ble_events_.pop();
-  while (ble_event != nullptr) {
+  if (ble_event == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  do {
     switch (ble_event->type_) {
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER) && defined(ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT)
       case BLEEvent::GATTS: {
@@ -488,15 +497,11 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
     }
     // Return the event to the pool
     this->ble_event_pool_.release(ble_event);
-    ble_event = this->ble_events_.pop();
-  }
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
-  if (this->advertising_ != nullptr) {
-    this->advertising_->loop();
-  }
-#endif
+  } while ((ble_event = this->ble_events_.pop()) != nullptr);
 
-  // Log dropped events periodically
+  // Log dropped events - only reachable when events were processed.
+  // Drops only occur when the queue is full, and only this loop drains it,
+  // so if pop() returned nullptr above we can skip this check (saves a memw).
   uint16_t dropped = this->ble_events_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
   if (dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u BLE events due to buffer overflow", dropped);
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index 2081145096e..fcd3499b151 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", "ESP8266")
     cg.add_define(ThreadModel.SINGLE)
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER")
 
     enable_scanf_float = config.get(CONF_ENABLE_SCANF_FLOAT)
     if enable_scanf_float is None and lambdas_use_scanf_float(CORE.config):
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91b0cf90827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+
+#include "crash_handler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <user_interface.h>
+
+// Global reset info struct populated by SDK/Arduino core at boot
+extern struct rst_info resetInfo;
+}
+
+// Xtensa windowed-ABI: bits[31:30] encode call type (CALL0=00, CALL4=01,
+// CALL8=10, CALL12=11). Mask and force bit 30 to recover the real address.
+static constexpr uint32_t XTENSA_ADDR_MASK = 0x3FFFFFFF;
+static constexpr uint32_t XTENSA_CODE_BASE = 0x40000000;
+
+// ESP8266 memory map boundaries for code regions
+static constexpr uint32_t IRAM_START = 0x40100000;
+static constexpr uint32_t IRAM_END = 0x40108000;  // 32KB
+
+// Linker symbols for the actual firmware IROM section.
+// Using these instead of a conservative upper bound (0x40400000) prevents
+// false positives from stale stack values beyond the actual flash mapping.
+extern "C" {
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,readability-identifier-naming,readability-redundant-declaration)
+extern void _irom0_text_start(void);
+extern void _irom0_text_end(void);
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,readability-identifier-naming,readability-redundant-declaration)
+}
+
+// Check if a value looks like a code address in IRAM or flash-mapped IROM.
+// IRAM_ATTR as safety net — normally inlined into custom_crash_callback, but
+// ensures correctness if the compiler ever chooses not to inline.
+static inline bool IRAM_ATTR is_code_addr(uint32_t val) {
+  uint32_t addr = (val & XTENSA_ADDR_MASK) | XTENSA_CODE_BASE;
+  return (addr >= IRAM_START && addr < IRAM_END) ||
+         (addr >= (uint32_t) _irom0_text_start && addr < (uint32_t) _irom0_text_end);
+}
+
+// Recover the actual code address from a windowed-ABI return address on the stack.
+static inline uint32_t IRAM_ATTR recover_code_addr(uint32_t val) { return (val & XTENSA_ADDR_MASK) | XTENSA_CODE_BASE; }
+
+// RTC user memory layout for crash backtrace data.
+// User-accessible RTC memory: blocks 64-191 (each block = 4 bytes).
+// We use blocks 174-191 (last 18 blocks, 72 bytes) to minimize conflicts.
+// Store 16 raw candidates, filter to real return addresses at log time.
+static constexpr uint8_t RTC_CRASH_BASE = 174;
+static constexpr size_t MAX_BACKTRACE = 16;
+
+// Magic word packs sentinel, version, and count into one uint32_t:
+//   bits[31:16] = sentinel
+//   bits[15:8]  = version
+//   bits[7:0]   = backtrace count
+static constexpr uint8_t CRASH_SENTINEL_BITS = 16;
+static constexpr uint8_t CRASH_VERSION_BITS = 8;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t CRASH_SENTINEL_VALUE = 0xDEAD;
+static constexpr uint8_t CRASH_VERSION_VALUE = 1;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_SENTINEL = static_cast<uint32_t>(CRASH_SENTINEL_VALUE) << CRASH_SENTINEL_BITS;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_VERSION = static_cast<uint32_t>(CRASH_VERSION_VALUE) << CRASH_VERSION_BITS;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_SENTINEL_MASK = static_cast<uint32_t>(0xFFFF) << CRASH_SENTINEL_BITS;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_VERSION_MASK = static_cast<uint32_t>(0xFF) << CRASH_VERSION_BITS;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_COUNT_MASK = 0xFF;
+
+// Struct layout: 18 RTC blocks (72 bytes):
+// [0] = magic (sentinel | version | count)
+// [1..16] = up to 16 code addresses from stack scanning
+// [17] = epc1 at crash time (to skip duplicates at log time)
+struct RtcCrashData {
+  uint32_t magic;
+  uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
+  uint32_t epc1;  // Fault PC, used to filter duplicates
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(RtcCrashData) == 72, "RtcCrashData must fit in 18 RTC blocks");
+
+namespace esphome::esp8266 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "esp8266";
+
+static inline bool is_crash_reason(uint32_t reason) {
+  return reason == REASON_WDT_RST || reason == REASON_EXCEPTION_RST || reason == REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST;
+}
+
+bool crash_handler_has_data() { return is_crash_reason(resetInfo.reason); }
+
+// Xtensa exception cause names for the LX106 core (ESP8266).
+// Only includes causes that can actually occur on the LX106 — it has no MMU,
+// no TLB, no PIF, and no privilege levels, so causes 12-18 and 24-26 are
+// impossible and omitted. The numeric cause is always logged as fallback.
+// Uses if-else with LOG_STR to avoid CSWTCH jump tables (RAM on ESP8266).
+static const LogString *get_exception_cause(uint32_t cause) {
+  if (cause == 0)
+    return LOG_STR("IllegalInst");
+  if (cause == 2)
+    return LOG_STR("InstFetchErr");
+  if (cause == 3)
+    return LOG_STR("LoadStoreErr");
+  if (cause == 4)
+    return LOG_STR("Level1Int");
+  if (cause == 6)
+    return LOG_STR("DivByZero");
+  if (cause == 9)
+    return LOG_STR("Alignment");
+  if (cause == 20)
+    return LOG_STR("InstFetchProhibit");
+  if (cause == 28)
+    return LOG_STR("LoadProhibit");
+  if (cause == 29)
+    return LOG_STR("StoreProhibit");
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static const LogString *get_reset_reason(uint32_t reason) {
+  if (reason == REASON_WDT_RST)
+    return LOG_STR("Hardware WDT");
+  if (reason == REASON_EXCEPTION_RST)
+    return LOG_STR("Exception");
+  if (reason == REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST)
+    return LOG_STR("Soft WDT");
+  return LOG_STR("Unknown");
+}
+
+// Read backtrace from RTC user memory into caller-provided buffer.
+// Returns the number of valid backtrace entries (0 if no data found).
+static uint8_t read_rtc_backtrace(uint32_t *backtrace, size_t max_entries) {
+  RtcCrashData rtc_data;
+  if (!system_rtc_mem_read(RTC_CRASH_BASE, &rtc_data, sizeof(rtc_data)))
+    return 0;
+  uint32_t magic = rtc_data.magic;
+  if ((magic & CRASH_SENTINEL_MASK) != CRASH_SENTINEL || (magic & CRASH_VERSION_MASK) != CRASH_VERSION)
+    return 0;
+  uint8_t raw_count = magic & CRASH_COUNT_MASK;
+  if (raw_count > MAX_BACKTRACE)
+    raw_count = MAX_BACKTRACE;
+  // Skip any that match epc1 (already reported as the fault PC).
+  // Note: we cannot verify CALL instructions at addr-3 on ESP8266 because
+  // reading from IROM causes LoadStoreError due to flash cache conflicts
+  // (the reading code and target can share a direct-mapped cache line).
+  // The linker-symbol IROM bounds already eliminate most false positives.
+  uint8_t out = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < raw_count && out < max_entries; i++) {
+    uint32_t addr = rtc_data.backtrace[i];
+    if (addr != rtc_data.epc1)
+      backtrace[out++] = addr;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+// Intentionally uses separate ESP_LOGE calls per line instead of combining into
+// one multi-line log message. This ensures each address appears as its own line
+// on the serial console, making it possible to see partial output if the device
+// crashes again during boot, and allowing the CLI's process_stacktrace to match
+// and decode each address individually.
+void crash_handler_log() {
+  if (!is_crash_reason(resetInfo.reason))
+    return;
+
+  // Read and filter backtrace from RTC into stack-local buffer (no persistent RAM cost).
+  // Both resetInfo and RTC data survive until the next reset, so this can be
+  // called multiple times (logger init + API subscribe) with the same result.
+  uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
+  uint8_t bt_count = read_rtc_backtrace(backtrace, MAX_BACKTRACE);
+
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
+  // GCC's ROM divide routine triggers IllegalInstruction (exccause=0) at specific
+  // ROM addresses instead of IntegerDivideByZero (exccause=6). Patch to match
+  // the Arduino core's postmortem handler behavior.
+  static constexpr uint32_t EXCCAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION = 0;
+  static constexpr uint32_t EXCCAUSE_INTEGER_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO = 6;
+  static constexpr uint32_t ROM_DIV_ZERO_ADDR_1 = 0x4000dce5;
+  static constexpr uint32_t ROM_DIV_ZERO_ADDR_2 = 0x4000dd3d;
+  uint32_t exccause = resetInfo.exccause;
+  if (exccause == EXCCAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION &&
+      (resetInfo.epc1 == ROM_DIV_ZERO_ADDR_1 || resetInfo.epc1 == ROM_DIV_ZERO_ADDR_2)) {
+    exccause = EXCCAUSE_INTEGER_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+  }
+  const LogString *cause = get_exception_cause(exccause);
+  if (cause != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s - %s (exccause=%" PRIu32 ")", LOG_STR_ARG(get_reset_reason(resetInfo.reason)),
+             LOG_STR_ARG(cause), exccause);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s (exccause=%" PRIu32 ")", LOG_STR_ARG(get_reset_reason(resetInfo.reason)), exccause);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  PC: 0x%08" PRIX32, resetInfo.epc1);
+  if (resetInfo.reason == REASON_EXCEPTION_RST) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  EXCVADDR: 0x%08" PRIX32, resetInfo.excvaddr);
+  }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < bt_count; i++) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  BT%d: 0x%08" PRIX32, i, backtrace[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::esp8266
+
+// --- Custom crash callback ---
+// Overrides the weak custom_crash_callback() from Arduino core's
+// core_esp8266_postmortem.cpp. Called during exception handling before
+// the device restarts. We scan the full stack for code addresses and store
+// them in RTC user memory (which survives software reset).
+extern "C" void IRAM_ATTR custom_crash_callback(struct rst_info *rst_info, uint32_t stack, uint32_t stack_end) {
+  // No zero-init — only magic, epc1, and backtrace[0..count-1] are read.
+  // Saves the IRAM cost of a 72-byte zero-init loop.
+  RtcCrashData data;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-member-init)
+  uint8_t count = 0;
+
+  // Stack pointer from the Xtensa exception frame is always 4-byte aligned.
+  auto *scan = (uint32_t *) stack;     // NOLINT(performance-no-int-to-ptr)
+  auto *end = (uint32_t *) stack_end;  // NOLINT(performance-no-int-to-ptr)
+  uint32_t epc1 = rst_info->epc1;
+
+  for (; scan < end && count < MAX_BACKTRACE; scan++) {
+    uint32_t val = *scan;
+    if (is_code_addr(val)) {
+      uint32_t addr = recover_code_addr(val);
+      // Skip epc1 — already reported as the fault PC
+      if (addr != epc1)
+        data.backtrace[count++] = addr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  data.epc1 = epc1;
+  data.magic = CRASH_SENTINEL | CRASH_VERSION | count;
+
+  system_rtc_mem_write(RTC_CRASH_BASE, &data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea3683b834e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+
+namespace esphome::esp8266 {
+
+/// Log crash data if a crash was detected on previous boot.
+void crash_handler_log();
+
+/// Returns true if the previous boot was a crash (exception, WDT, or soft WDT).
+bool crash_handler_has_data();
+
+}  // namespace esphome::esp8266
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
index 906fed2b29a..f444f035553 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@ static constexpr uint32_t ESP_RTC_USER_MEM_START = 0x60001200;
 static constexpr uint32_t ESP_RTC_USER_MEM_SIZE_WORDS = 128;
 static constexpr uint32_t ESP_RTC_USER_MEM_SIZE_BYTES = ESP_RTC_USER_MEM_SIZE_WORDS * 4;
 
-// RTC memory layout for preferences:
-// - Eboot region: RTC words 0-31 (reserved, mapped from preference offset 96-127)
-// - Normal region: RTC words 32-127 (mapped from preference offset 0-95)
+// RTC memory layout:
+// - Eboot region:  RTC words 0-31   (reserved, mapped from preference offset 78-109)
+// - Normal region: RTC words 32-109 (mapped from preference offset 0-77)
+// - Crash handler: RTC words 110-127 (reserved for crash_handler.cpp backtrace data)
 static constexpr uint32_t RTC_EBOOT_REGION_WORDS = 32;   // Words 0-31 reserved for eboot
-static constexpr uint32_t RTC_NORMAL_REGION_WORDS = 96;  // Words 32-127 for normal prefs
-static constexpr uint32_t PREF_TOTAL_WORDS = RTC_EBOOT_REGION_WORDS + RTC_NORMAL_REGION_WORDS;  // 128
+static constexpr uint32_t RTC_NORMAL_REGION_WORDS = 78;  // Words 32-109 for normal prefs
+static constexpr uint32_t PREF_TOTAL_WORDS = RTC_EBOOT_REGION_WORDS + RTC_NORMAL_REGION_WORDS;  // 110
 
 // Maximum preference size in words (limited by uint8_t length_words field)
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_PREFERENCE_WORDS = 255;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
index 17459cabb65..d9f51c677e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ CONF_CLK_MODE = "clk_mode"
 CONF_POWER_PIN = "power_pin"
 CONF_PHY_REGISTERS = "phy_registers"
 
+CONF_INTERFACE = "interface"
+
 CONF_CLOCK_SPEED = "clock_speed"
 
 EthernetType = ethernet_ns.enum("EthernetType")
@@ -191,6 +193,13 @@ CLK_MODES_DEPRECATED = {
     "GPIO17_OUT": ("CLK_OUT", 17),
 }
 
+spi_host_device_t = cg.global_ns.enum("spi_host_device_t")
+
+SPI_INTERFACE_MAP = {
+    "spi2": spi_host_device_t.SPI2_HOST,
+    "spi3": spi_host_device_t.SPI3_HOST,
+}
+
 MANUAL_IP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_STATIC_IP): cv.ipv4address,
@@ -225,6 +234,24 @@ def _is_framework_spi_polling_mode_supported() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+def _validate_spi_interface(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Set default SPI interface or validate user choice against the variant."""
+    if not CORE.is_esp32:
+        return config
+    from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32, get_esp32_variant
+    from esphome.components.spi import get_hw_interface_list
+
+    has_spi3 = "spi3" in sum(get_hw_interface_list(), [])
+    if CONF_INTERFACE not in config:
+        # Only classic ESP32 defaults to spi3; all others default to spi2
+        config[CONF_INTERFACE] = (
+            "spi3" if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32 else "spi2"
+        )
+    elif config[CONF_INTERFACE] == "spi3" and not has_spi3:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Interface 'spi3' is not available on this variant.")
+    return config
+
+
 def _validate(config):
     if CONF_USE_ADDRESS not in config:
         if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config:
@@ -368,6 +395,10 @@ SPI_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.frequency,
                     cv.int_range(int(8e6), int(80e6)),
                 ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_INTERFACE): cv.All(
+                    cv.only_on_esp32,
+                    cv.one_of(*SPI_INTERFACE_MAP.keys(), lower=True),
+                ),
                 # Set default value (SPI_ETHERNET_DEFAULT_POLLING_INTERVAL) at _validate()
                 cv.Optional(CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL): cv.All(
                     cv.only_on_esp32,
@@ -378,6 +409,7 @@ SPI_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         ),
     ),
     cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32, Platform.RP2040]),
+    _validate_spi_interface,
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -408,37 +440,18 @@ def _final_validate_spi(config):
         return  # SPI interface validation is ESP32-only
     if config[CONF_TYPE] not in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES:
         return
-    from esphome.components.esp32 import (
-        VARIANT_ESP32C3,
-        VARIANT_ESP32C5,
-        VARIANT_ESP32C6,
-        VARIANT_ESP32C61,
-        VARIANT_ESP32S2,
-        VARIANT_ESP32S3,
-        get_esp32_variant,
-    )
     from esphome.components.spi import CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX, get_spi_interface
 
     if spi_configs := fv.full_config.get().get(CONF_SPI):
-        variant = get_esp32_variant()
-        if variant in (
-            VARIANT_ESP32C3,
-            VARIANT_ESP32C5,
-            VARIANT_ESP32C6,
-            VARIANT_ESP32C61,
-            VARIANT_ESP32S2,
-            VARIANT_ESP32S3,
-        ):
-            spi_host = "SPI2_HOST"
-        else:
-            spi_host = "SPI3_HOST"
+        # get_spi_interface() returns strings like "SPI2_HOST"
+        spi_host = f"{config[CONF_INTERFACE].upper()}_HOST"
         for spi_conf in spi_configs:
             if (index := spi_conf.get(CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX)) is not None:
                 interface = get_spi_interface(index)
                 if interface == spi_host:
                     raise cv.Invalid(
-                        f"`spi` component is using interface '{interface}'. "
-                        f"To use {config[CONF_TYPE]}, you must change the `interface` on the `spi` component.",
+                        f"The `ethernet` and `spi` components are both using interface '{interface}'. "
+                        f"To use {config[CONF_TYPE]}, change the `interface` on either `ethernet:` or `spi:`."
                     )
 
 
@@ -528,6 +541,8 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_clock_speed(config[CONF_CLOCK_SPEED]))
 
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI")
+
+        cg.add(var.set_interface(SPI_INTERFACE_MAP[config[CONF_INTERFACE]]))
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ETH_USE_SPI_ETHERNET", True)
         # CONFIG_ETH_SPI_ETHERNET_{TYPE} Kconfig options were removed in IDF 6.0
         # ENC28J60 was never built-in to IDF, so it has no Kconfig option
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index c6e37d01ea2..b760ba2af76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include "esp_eth.h"
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
+#include "hal/spi_types.h"
+#endif
 #include "esp_eth_mac.h"
 #include "esp_eth_mac_esp.h"
 #include "esp_netif.h"
@@ -135,6 +138,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   void set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin);
   void set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin);
   void set_clock_speed(int clock_speed);
+  void set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface);
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   void set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval);
 #endif
@@ -201,6 +205,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   int reset_pin_{-1};
   int phy_addr_spi_{-1};
   int clock_speed_;
+  spi_host_device_t interface_{SPI3_HOST};
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   uint32_t polling_interval_{0};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
index a170239e032..d4585bf100b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp
@@ -158,12 +158,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::setup() {
       .intr_flags = 0,
   };
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
-  auto host = SPI2_HOST;
-#else
-  auto host = SPI3_HOST;
-#endif
+  auto host = this->interface_;
 
   err = spi_bus_initialize(host, &buscfg, SPI_DMA_CH_AUTO);
   ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "SPI bus initialize error");
@@ -458,6 +453,11 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  MOSI Pin: %u\n"
                 "  CS Pin: %u",
                 this->clk_pin_, this->miso_pin_, this->mosi_pin_, this->cs_pin_);
+  const char *spi_interface = "spi3";
+  if (this->interface_ == SPI2_HOST) {
+    spi_interface = "spi2";
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interface: %s", spi_interface);
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   if (this->polling_interval_ != 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Polling Interval: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->polling_interval_);
@@ -760,6 +760,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::set_cs_pin(uint8_t cs_pin) { this->cs_pin_ = cs_pin; }
 void EthernetComponent::set_interrupt_pin(uint8_t interrupt_pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = interrupt_pin; }
 void EthernetComponent::set_reset_pin(uint8_t reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
 void EthernetComponent::set_clock_speed(int clock_speed) { this->clock_speed_ = clock_speed; }
+void EthernetComponent::set_interface(spi_host_device_t interface) { this->interface_ = interface; }
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
 void EthernetComponent::set_polling_interval(uint32_t polling_interval) { this->polling_interval_ = polling_interval; }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio_expander/cached_gpio.h b/esphome/components/gpio_expander/cached_gpio.h
index eeff98cb6e3..ddb9e63686f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio_expander/cached_gpio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio_expander/cached_gpio.h
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ namespace esphome::gpio_expander {
 template<typename T, uint16_t N, typename P = typename std::conditional<(N > 256), uint16_t, uint8_t>::type>
 class CachedGpioExpander {
  public:
-  /// @brief Read the state of the given pin. This will invalidate the cache for the given pin number.
+  /// @brief Read the state of the given pin.
+  /// By default, each read invalidates the pin's cache entry so the next read
+  /// of the same pin triggers a fresh hardware read. When invalidate_on_read
+  /// is disabled, the cache stays valid until explicitly cleared via reset_pin_cache_().
   /// @param pin Pin number to read
   /// @return Pin state
   bool digital_read(P pin) {
@@ -36,14 +39,17 @@ class CachedGpioExpander {
     const T pin_mask = (1 << (pin % BANK_SIZE));
     // Check if specific pin cache is valid
     if (this->read_cache_valid_[bank] & pin_mask) {
-      // Invalidate pin
-      this->read_cache_valid_[bank] &= ~pin_mask;
+      if (this->invalidate_on_read_) {
+        // Invalidate pin so next read triggers hardware read
+        this->read_cache_valid_[bank] &= ~pin_mask;
+      }
     } else {
       // Read whole bank from hardware
       if (!this->digital_read_hw(pin))
         return false;
       // Mark bank cache as valid except the pin that is being returned now
-      this->read_cache_valid_[bank] = std::numeric_limits<T>::max() & ~pin_mask;
+      // (when not invalidating on read, mark all pins including this one as valid)
+      this->read_cache_valid_[bank] = std::numeric_limits<T>::max() & ~(this->invalidate_on_read_ ? pin_mask : 0);
     }
     return this->digital_read_cache(pin);
   }
@@ -71,12 +77,18 @@ class CachedGpioExpander {
   /// @brief Invalidate cache. This function should be called in component loop().
   void reset_pin_cache_() { memset(this->read_cache_valid_, 0x00, CACHE_SIZE_BYTES); }
 
+  /// @brief Control whether digital_read() invalidates the pin's cache entry after reading.
+  /// When enabled (default), each read self-invalidates so the next read triggers a hardware read.
+  /// When disabled, cache stays valid until reset_pin_cache_() is explicitly called.
+  void set_invalidate_on_read_(bool invalidate) { this->invalidate_on_read_ = invalidate; }
+
   static constexpr uint16_t BITS_PER_BYTE = 8;
   static constexpr uint16_t BANK_SIZE = sizeof(T) * BITS_PER_BYTE;
   static constexpr size_t BANKS = N / BANK_SIZE;
   static constexpr size_t CACHE_SIZE_BYTES = BANKS * sizeof(T);
 
   T read_cache_valid_[BANKS]{0};
+  bool invalidate_on_read_{true};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::gpio_expander
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp b/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp
index d0fd697d8ff..22f292e47e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ void HLW8012Component::update() {
     // Only read cf1 after one cycle. Apparently it's quite unstable after being changed.
     if (this->current_mode_) {
       float current = cf1_hz * this->current_multiplier_;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got power=%.1fW, current=%.1fA", power, current);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got power=%.1fW, current=%.1fA", power, current);
       if (this->current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->current_sensor_->publish_state(current);
       }
     } else {
       float voltage = cf1_hz * this->voltage_multiplier_;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got power=%.1fW, voltage=%.1fV", power, voltage);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got power=%.1fW, voltage=%.1fV", power, voltage);
       if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_ln882x.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_ln882x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..621fbed0302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_ln882x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifdef USE_LN882X
+
+#include "internal_temperature.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+uint16_t hal_adc_get_data(uint32_t adc_base, uint32_t ch);
+}
+
+namespace esphome::internal_temperature {
+
+void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
+  static constexpr uint32_t ADC_BASE = 0x40000800U;
+  static constexpr uint32_t ADC_CH0 = 1U;
+  static constexpr uint16_t ADC_MASK = 0xFFF;
+  static constexpr float ADC_TEMP_SCALE = 2.54f;
+  static constexpr float ADC_TEMP_OFFSET = 278.15f;
+  uint16_t raw = hal_adc_get_data(ADC_BASE, ADC_CH0);
+  float temperature = (raw & ADC_MASK) / ADC_TEMP_SCALE - ADC_TEMP_OFFSET;
+  this->publish_state(temperature);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::internal_temperature
+
+#endif  // USE_LN882X
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
index 6d79e086757..02730b68624 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
     PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
@@ -30,7 +31,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s")),
-    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_RP2040, PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_NRF52]),
+    cv.only_on(
+        [
+            PLATFORM_ESP32,
+            PLATFORM_RP2040,
+            PLATFORM_BK72XX,
+            PLATFORM_NRF52,
+            PLATFORM_LN882X,
+        ]
+    ),
 )
 
 
@@ -53,6 +62,9 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         "internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
         },
+        "internal_temperature_ln882x.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+        },
         "internal_temperature_zephyr.cpp": {PlatformFramework.NRF52_ZEPHYR},
     }
 )
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp
index b9507e707a7..5797b03ba72 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
@@ -26,6 +30,9 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   global_logger = this;
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
+  esp8266::crash_handler_log();
+#endif
 }
 
 const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
index 3b4f150699b..a9d31d42d8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ async def to_code(configs):
     } & styles_used:
         df.add_define("LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP", "1")
 
+    if configs[0].get(df.CONF_THEME, {}).get(df.CONF_DARK_MODE):
+        df.add_define("LV_THEME_DEFAULT_DARK", "1")
+
     # Currently always need RGB565 for the display buffer, and ARGB8888 is used for layer blending
     lv_image_formats = {"RGB565", "ARGB8888"}
     if {
@@ -459,8 +462,11 @@ def add_hello_world(config):
 def _theme_schema(value):
     return cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.Optional(name): obj_schema(w).extend(FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA)
-            for name, w in WIDGET_TYPES.items()
+            cv.Optional(df.CONF_DARK_MODE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            **{
+                cv.Optional(name): obj_schema(w).extend(FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA)
+                for name, w in WIDGET_TYPES.items()
+            },
         }
     )(value)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
index 500ccb608a7..668bb465151 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
@@ -598,6 +598,7 @@ CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_CROSS = "flex_align_cross"
 CONF_FLEX_ALIGN_TRACK = "flex_align_track"
 CONF_FLEX_GROW = "flex_grow"
 CONF_FREEZE = "freeze"
+CONF_DARK_MODE = "dark_mode"
 CONF_FULL_REFRESH = "full_refresh"
 CONF_GRADIENTS = "gradients"
 CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS = "grid_cell_row_pos"
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml b/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml
index 4af179a5890..bbbd34e30a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 - obj:
     id: hello_world_card_
     pad_all: 12
-    bg_color: white
+    bg_opa: cover
     height: 100%
     width: 100%
     scrollable: false
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
index 793290de73a..c17f30383bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from esphome.core import ID
 from .defines import CONF_STYLE_DEFINITIONS, CONF_THEME, LValidator, literal
 from .helpers import add_lv_use
 from .lvcode import LambdaContext, lv
-from .schemas import ALL_STYLES, FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA, remap_property
+from .schemas import ALL_STYLES, FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA, WIDGET_TYPES, remap_property
 from .types import ObjUpdateAction, lv_style_t
 from .widgets import collect_parts, theme_widget_map, wait_for_widgets
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ async def style_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 async def theme_to_code(config):
     if theme := config.get(CONF_THEME):
         add_lv_use(CONF_THEME)
-        for w_name, style in theme.items():
+        for w_name, style in ((k, v) for k, v in theme.items() if k in WIDGET_TYPES):
             # Work around Python 3.10 bug with nested async comprehensions
             # With Python 3.11 this could be simplified
             # TODO: Now that we require Python 3.11+, this can be updated to use nested comprehensions
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23008/mcp23008.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23008/mcp23008.cpp
index 64b120daa49..5f73e03f6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23008/mcp23008.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23008/mcp23008.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,14 @@ void MCP23008::setup() {
     // enable open-drain interrupt pins, 3.3V-safe
     this->write_reg(mcp23x08_base::MCP23X08_IOCON, iocon | IOCON_ODR);
   }
+
+  this->setup_interrupt_pin_();
 }
 
-void MCP23008::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MCP23008:"); }
+void MCP23008::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MCP23008:");
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
+}
 
 bool MCP23008::read_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) {
   if (this->is_failed())
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp
index e14e317d440..212c15ccf27 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23017/mcp23017.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ namespace mcp23017 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mcp23017";
 
-static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_ODR = 0x04;  // Open-drain output for INT pin
+static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_MIRROR = 0x40;  // Mirror INTA/INTB pins
+static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_ODR = 0x04;     // Open-drain output for INT pin
 
 void MCP23017::setup() {
   uint8_t iocon;
@@ -19,14 +20,26 @@ void MCP23017::setup() {
   this->read_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_OLATA, &this->olat_a_);
   this->read_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_OLATB, &this->olat_b_);
 
+  uint8_t iocon_flags = 0;
   if (this->open_drain_ints_) {
-    // enable open-drain interrupt pins, 3.3V-safe
-    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONA, iocon | IOCON_ODR);
-    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONB, iocon | IOCON_ODR);
+    iocon_flags |= IOCON_ODR;
   }
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    // Mirror INTA/INTB so either pin fires for changes on any port
+    iocon_flags |= IOCON_MIRROR;
+  }
+  if (iocon_flags != 0) {
+    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONA, iocon | iocon_flags);
+    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONB, iocon | iocon_flags);
+  }
+
+  this->setup_interrupt_pin_();
 }
 
-void MCP23017::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MCP23017:"); }
+void MCP23017::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MCP23017:");
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
+}
 
 bool MCP23017::read_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) {
   if (this->is_failed())
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23s08/mcp23s08.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23s08/mcp23s08.cpp
index 1c17b66637f..983c1aa6008 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23s08/mcp23s08.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23s08/mcp23s08.cpp
@@ -34,11 +34,14 @@ void MCP23S08::setup() {
     // enable open-drain interrupt pins, 3.3V-safe (addressed, only this chip)
     this->write_reg(mcp23x08_base::MCP23X08_IOCON, IOCON_SEQOP | IOCON_HAEN | IOCON_ODR);
   }
+
+  this->setup_interrupt_pin_();
 }
 
 void MCP23S08::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MCP23S08:");
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
 }
 
 bool MCP23S08::read_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23s17/mcp23s17.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23s17/mcp23s17.cpp
index c6abd7ad594..db9a34e2302 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23s17/mcp23s17.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23s17/mcp23s17.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ namespace mcp23s17 {
 static const char *const TAG = "mcp23s17";
 
 // IOCON register bits
-static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_SEQOP = 0x20;  // Sequential operation mode
-static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_HAEN = 0x08;   // Hardware address enable
-static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_ODR = 0x04;    // Open-drain output for INT pin
+static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_SEQOP = 0x20;   // Sequential operation mode
+static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_MIRROR = 0x40;  // Mirror INTA/INTB pins
+static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_HAEN = 0x08;    // Hardware address enable
+static constexpr uint8_t IOCON_ODR = 0x04;     // Open-drain output for INT pin
 
 void MCP23S17::set_device_address(uint8_t device_addr) {
   if (device_addr != 0) {
@@ -37,16 +38,26 @@ void MCP23S17::setup() {
   this->read_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_OLATA, &this->olat_a_);
   this->read_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_OLATB, &this->olat_b_);
 
+  uint8_t iocon_flags = IOCON_SEQOP | IOCON_HAEN;
   if (this->open_drain_ints_) {
-    // enable open-drain interrupt pins, 3.3V-safe (addressed, only this chip)
-    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONA, IOCON_SEQOP | IOCON_HAEN | IOCON_ODR);
-    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONB, IOCON_SEQOP | IOCON_HAEN | IOCON_ODR);
+    iocon_flags |= IOCON_ODR;
   }
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    // Mirror INTA/INTB so either pin fires for changes on any port
+    iocon_flags |= IOCON_MIRROR;
+  }
+  if (this->open_drain_ints_ || this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONA, iocon_flags);
+    this->write_reg(mcp23x17_base::MCP23X17_IOCONB, iocon_flags);
+  }
+
+  this->setup_interrupt_pin_();
 }
 
 void MCP23S17::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MCP23S17:");
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
 }
 
 bool MCP23S17::read_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp
index 92228be62c9..197b7392042 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,16 @@ void MCP23X08Base::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
   } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
     this->update_reg(pin, false, iodir);
   }
+  // When interrupt_pin is configured, auto-enable CHANGE interrupt for input pins
+  // so the chip's INT output fires on any input state change
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr && (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT)) {
+    this->pin_interrupt_mode(pin, mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_CHANGE);
+  }
+  // Enable polling loop for input pins (not needed for interrupt-driven mode
+  // where the ISR handles re-enabling loop)
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ == nullptr && (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT)) {
+    this->enable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 void MCP23X08Base::pin_interrupt_mode(uint8_t pin, mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXXInterruptMode interrupt_mode) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp
index 6f95ee98fdb..efed7f5f17e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ void MCP23X17Base::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
   } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
     this->update_reg(pin, false, iodir);
   }
+  // When interrupt_pin is configured, auto-enable CHANGE interrupt for input pins
+  // so the chip's INT output fires on any input state change
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr && (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT)) {
+    this->pin_interrupt_mode(pin, mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_CHANGE);
+  }
+  // Enable polling loop for input pins (not needed for interrupt-driven mode
+  // where the ISR handles re-enabling loop)
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ == nullptr && (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT)) {
+    this->enable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 void MCP23X17Base::pin_interrupt_mode(uint8_t pin, mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXXInterruptMode interrupt_mode) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
index d6e82101adf..cd952099c05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
     CONF_INTERRUPT,
+    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ MCP23XXX_INTERRUPT_MODES = {
 MCP23XXX_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_DRAIN_INTERRUPT, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ async def register_mcp23xxx(config, num_pins):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_MCP23XXX, {})[id.id] = num_pins
     cg.add(var.set_open_drain_ints(config[CONF_OPEN_DRAIN_INTERRUPT]))
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
     return var
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.cpp
index 535119fc5c1..4c1daac5623 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ namespace mcp23xxx_base {
 
 template<uint8_t N> void MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::setup() {
   this->pin_mode(flags_);
-  this->parent_->pin_interrupt_mode(this->pin_, this->interrupt_mode_);
+  // When interrupt_pin is configured, pin_mode() already auto-enables CHANGE
+  // interrupt for input pins, so skip the explicit call if the user didn't
+  // override the default (NO_INTERRUPT)
+  if (this->interrupt_mode_ != MCP23XXX_NO_INTERRUPT || this->parent_->get_interrupt_pin() == nullptr) {
+    this->parent_->pin_interrupt_mode(this->pin_, this->interrupt_mode_);
+  }
 }
 template<uint8_t N> void MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 template<uint8_t N> bool MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::digital_read() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.h b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.h
index fb992466d5d..6efd04e2463 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.h
@@ -15,11 +15,34 @@ template<uint8_t N> class MCP23XXXBase : public Component, public gpio_expander:
   virtual void pin_interrupt_mode(uint8_t pin, MCP23XXXInterruptMode interrupt_mode);
 
   void set_open_drain_ints(const bool value) { this->open_drain_ints_ = value; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+  InternalGPIOPin *get_interrupt_pin() const { return this->interrupt_pin_; }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
-  void loop() override { this->reset_pin_cache_(); }
+  void loop() override {
+    this->reset_pin_cache_();
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+      this->disable_loop();
+    }
+  }
 
  protected:
+  // No need to clear latched interrupts before attaching the ISR — if INT is
+  // already low the ISR fires immediately, loop runs, cache invalidates, and
+  // the GPIO read clears the latch. One harmless extra read at most.
+  void setup_interrupt_pin_() {
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+      this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+      this->interrupt_pin_->attach_interrupt(&MCP23XXXBase::gpio_intr, this, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+      this->set_invalidate_on_read_(false);
+    }
+    // Disable loop until an input pin is configured via pin_mode()
+    // For interrupt-driven mode, loop is re-enabled by the ISR
+    // For polling mode, loop is re-enabled when pin_mode() registers an input pin
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+  static void IRAM_ATTR gpio_intr(MCP23XXXBase *arg) { arg->enable_loop_soon_any_context(); }
+
   // read a given register
   virtual bool read_reg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) = 0;
   // write a value to a given register
@@ -28,6 +51,7 @@ template<uint8_t N> class MCP23XXXBase : public Component, public gpio_expander:
   virtual void update_reg(uint8_t pin, bool pin_value, uint8_t reg_a) = 0;
 
   bool open_drain_ints_;
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
 };
 
 template<uint8_t N> class MCP23XXXGPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
index 6aa98e3f668..42c7ec22249 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
@@ -279,6 +279,10 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
 
+    if config[CONF_BUS_MODE] == TYPE_SINGLE:
+        spi.final_validate_device_schema(DOMAIN, require_miso=False, require_mosi=True)(
+            config
+        )
     if not requires_buffer(config) and LVGL_DOMAIN not in global_config:
         # If no drawing methods are configured, and LVGL is not enabled, show a test card
         config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
     if PSRAM_DOMAIN not in global_config and CONF_BUFFER_SIZE not in config:
         # If PSRAM is not enabled, choose a small buffer size by default
         if not requires_buffer(config):
-            return config  # No buffer needed, so no need to set a buffer size
+            return  # No need to pick a size
         color_depth = get_color_depth(config)
         frac = denominator(config)
         width, height, _offset_width, _offset_height = model.get_dimensions(config)
@@ -298,8 +302,6 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             x for x in range(2, 17) if fraction >= 1 / x
         )
 
-    return config
-
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
index 5ea72d4cd22..7fa6825ea60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@crnjan"]
 
+CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL = "current_temperature_min_interval"
+
 mitsubishi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mitsubishi_cn105")
 
 MitsubishiCN105Climate = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
@@ -20,7 +22,14 @@ MitsubishiCN105Climate = mitsubishi_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     climate.climate_schema(MitsubishiCN105Climate)
     .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-    .extend({cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default="1s"): cv.update_interval})
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default="1s"): cv.update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL, default="60s"
+            ): cv.update_interval,
+        }
+    )
 )
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -39,3 +48,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_current_temperature_min_interval(
+            config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_MIN_INTERVAL]
+        )
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
index e3923bb0b81..3b29f66bf1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105.driver";
 
 static constexpr uint32_t WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 
+static constexpr size_t REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN = 0x10;
 static constexpr size_t HEADER_LEN = 5;
 static constexpr uint8_t PREAMBLE = 0xFC;
 static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_BYTE_1 = 0x01;
@@ -15,7 +16,39 @@ static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_BYTE_2 = 0x30;
 
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_REQUEST = 0x5A;
 static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_RESPONSE = 0x7A;
-static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 2> CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD = {{0xCA, 0x01}};
+static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 2> CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD = {0xCA, 0x01};
+
+static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_REQUEST = 0x42;
+static constexpr uint8_t PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_RESPONSE = 0x62;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP = 0x03;
+
+static constexpr std::array<std::optional<MitsubishiCN105::Mode>, 9> PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP = {
+    std::nullopt,                     // 0x00
+    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT,      // 0x01
+    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY,       // 0x02
+    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL,      // 0x03
+    std::nullopt,                     // 0x04
+    std::nullopt,                     // 0x05
+    std::nullopt,                     // 0x06
+    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY,  // 0x07
+    MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO       // 0x08
+};
+
+static constexpr std::array<std::optional<MitsubishiCN105::FanMode>, 7> PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP = {
+    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO,     // 0x00
+    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET,    // 0x01
+    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1,  // 0x02
+    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_2,  // 0x03
+    std::nullopt,                       // 0x04
+    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_3,  // 0x05
+    MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4   // 0x06
+};
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+static constexpr std::optional<T> lookup(const std::array<std::optional<T>, N> &table, uint8_t value) {
+  return (value < N) ? table[value] : std::nullopt;
+}
 
 static constexpr uint8_t checksum(const uint8_t *bytes, size_t length) {
   return static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFC - std::accumulate(bytes, bytes + length, uint8_t{0}));
@@ -30,19 +63,31 @@ static constexpr auto make_packet(uint8_t type, const std::array<uint8_t, Payloa
   return packet;
 }
 
+static float decode_temperature(int temp_a, int temp_b, int delta) {
+  return temp_b != 0 ? (temp_b - 128) / 2.0f : delta + temp_a;
+}
+
 static constexpr auto CONNECT_PACKET = make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_REQUEST, CONNECT_REQUEST_PAYLOAD);
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::initialize() { this->set_state_(State::CONNECTING); }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105::update() {
-  if (const auto start = this->write_timeout_start_ms_; start && (get_loop_time_ms() - *start) >= WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-    this->write_timeout_start_ms_.reset();
-    this->read_pos_ = 0;
-    this->set_state_(State::READ_TIMEOUT);
-    return;
+bool MitsubishiCN105::update() {
+  if (const auto start = this->status_update_start_ms_;
+      start && (get_loop_time_ms() - *start) >= this->update_interval_ms_) {
+    this->cancel_waiting_and_transition_to_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+    return false;
   }
 
-  this->read_incoming_bytes_();
+  if (const auto start = this->write_timeout_start_ms_; start && (get_loop_time_ms() - *start) >= WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    this->write_timeout_start_ms_.reset();
+    this->frame_parser_.reset();
+    this->set_state_(State::READ_TIMEOUT);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return this->frame_parser_.read_and_parse(this->device_, [this](uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+    return this->process_rx_packet_(type, payload, len);
+  });
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105::set_state_(State new_state) {
@@ -63,9 +108,24 @@ bool MitsubishiCN105::should_transition(State from, State to) {
       return from == State::NOT_CONNECTED || from == State::READ_TIMEOUT;
 
     case State::CONNECTED:
-    case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
       return from == State::CONNECTING;
 
+    case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
+      return from == State::CONNECTED || from == State::STATUS_UPDATED ||
+             from == State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE;
+
+    case State::STATUS_UPDATED:
+      return from == State::UPDATING_STATUS;
+
+    case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
+      return from == State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+
+    case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
+      return from == State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE;
+
+    case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
+      return from == State::UPDATING_STATUS || from == State::CONNECTING;
+
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -79,7 +139,29 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
 
     case State::CONNECTED:
       this->write_timeout_start_ms_.reset();
-      // TODO: read AC status after connected, next PR
+      this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS;
+      this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      break;
+
+    case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
+      this->update_status_();
+      break;
+
+    case State::STATUS_UPDATED: {
+      this->write_timeout_start_ms_.reset();
+      if (this->current_status_msg_type_ == STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS && this->should_request_room_temperature_()) {
+        this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP;
+        this->set_state_(State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+      } else {
+        this->set_state_(State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
+      this->status_update_start_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
+      this->current_status_msg_type_ = STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS;
+      this->set_state_(State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
       break;
 
     case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
@@ -91,25 +173,153 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::did_transition_(State to) {
   }
 }
 
+bool MitsubishiCN105::should_request_room_temperature_() const {
+  if (!this->is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_.has_value()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return (get_loop_time_ms() - *this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_) >= this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_;
+}
+
 void MitsubishiCN105::send_packet_(const uint8_t *packet, size_t len) {
-  dump_buffer_vv("TX", packet, len);
+  FrameParser::dump_buffer_vv("TX", packet, len);
   this->device_.write_array(packet, len);
   this->write_timeout_start_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105::read_incoming_bytes_() {
+void MitsubishiCN105::update_status_() {
+  std::array<uint8_t, REQUEST_PAYLOAD_LEN> payload = {this->current_status_msg_type_};
+  this->send_packet_(make_packet(PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_REQUEST, payload));
+}
+
+void MitsubishiCN105::cancel_waiting_and_transition_to_(State state) {
+  this->status_update_start_ms_.reset();
+  this->set_state_(state);
+}
+
+bool MitsubishiCN105::process_rx_packet_(uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_RESPONSE:
+      this->set_state_(State::CONNECTED);
+      return false;
+
+    case PACKET_TYPE_STATUS_RESPONSE:
+      return this->process_status_packet_(payload, len);
+
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX unknown packet type 0x%02X", type);
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool MitsubishiCN105::process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  if (len == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX status packet too short");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const auto previous = this->status_;
+  const auto msg_type = payload[0];
+  if (!this->parse_status_payload_(msg_type, payload + 1, len - 1)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (msg_type == this->current_status_msg_type_) {
+    this->set_state_(State::STATUS_UPDATED);
+  }
+
+  bool changed = previous.power_on != this->status_.power_on || previous.mode != this->status_.mode ||
+                 previous.fan_mode != this->status_.fan_mode ||
+                 previous.target_temperature != this->status_.target_temperature;
+
+  if (this->is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+    changed |= previous.room_temperature != this->status_.room_temperature;
+  }
+
+  return changed && this->is_status_initialized();
+}
+
+bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  switch (msg_type) {
+    case STATUS_MSG_SETTINGS:
+      return this->parse_status_settings_(payload, len);
+
+    case STATUS_MSG_ROOM_TEMP:
+      return this->parse_status_room_temperature_(payload, len);
+
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX unsupported status msg type 0x%02X", msg_type);
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_settings_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  if (len <= 10) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX settings payload too short");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const bool i_see = payload[3] > 0x08;
+  this->status_.mode = lookup(PROTOCOL_MODE_MAP, payload[3] - (i_see ? 0x08 : 0)).value_or(Mode::UNKNOWN);
+  this->status_.fan_mode = lookup(PROTOCOL_FAN_MODE_MAP, payload[5]).value_or(FanMode::UNKNOWN);
+  this->status_.power_on = payload[2] != 0;
+  this->status_.target_temperature = decode_temperature(-payload[4], payload[10], 31);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MitsubishiCN105::parse_status_room_temperature_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
+  if (len <= 5) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX room temperature payload too short");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->status_.room_temperature = decode_temperature(payload[2], payload[5], 10);
+  this->last_room_temperature_update_ms_ = get_loop_time_ms();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+const LogString *MitsubishiCN105::state_to_string(State state) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case State::NOT_CONNECTED:
+      return LOG_STR("Not connected");
+    case State::CONNECTING:
+      return LOG_STR("Connecting");
+    case State::CONNECTED:
+      return LOG_STR("Connected");
+    case State::UPDATING_STATUS:
+      return LOG_STR("UpdatingStatus");
+    case State::STATUS_UPDATED:
+      return LOG_STR("StatusUpdated");
+    case State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE:
+      return LOG_STR("ScheduleNextStatusUpdate");
+    case State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE:
+      return LOG_STR("WaitingForScheduledStatusUpdate");
+    case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
+      return LOG_STR("ReadTimeout");
+  }
+  return LOG_STR("Unknown");
+}
+
+template<typename Callback>
+bool MitsubishiCN105::FrameParser::read_and_parse(uart::UARTDevice &device, Callback &&callback) {
   uint8_t watchdog = 64;
-  while (this->device_.available() > 0 && watchdog-- > 0) {
+  while (device.available() > 0 && watchdog-- > 0) {
     uint8_t &value = this->read_buffer_[this->read_pos_];
-    if (!this->device_.read_byte(&value)) {
+    if (!device.read_byte(&value)) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "UART read failed while data available");
-      return;
+      return false;
     }
 
     switch (++this->read_pos_) {
       case 1:
         if (value != PREAMBLE) {
-          this->reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_("RX ignoring preamble");
+          this->reset_and_dump_buffer_("RX ignoring preamble");
         }
         continue;
 
@@ -118,20 +328,20 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::read_incoming_bytes_() {
 
       case 3:
         if (value != HEADER_BYTE_1) {
-          this->reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: header 1 mismatch");
+          this->reset_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: header 1 mismatch");
         }
         continue;
 
       case 4:
         if (value != HEADER_BYTE_2) {
-          this->reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: header 2 mismatch");
+          this->reset_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: header 2 mismatch");
         }
         continue;
 
       case HEADER_LEN:
         static_assert(READ_BUFFER_SIZE > HEADER_LEN);
         if (this->read_buffer_[HEADER_LEN - 1] >= READ_BUFFER_SIZE - HEADER_LEN) {
-          this->reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: payload too large");
+          this->reset_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: payload too large");
         }
         continue;
 
@@ -145,51 +355,30 @@ void MitsubishiCN105::read_incoming_bytes_() {
     }
 
     if (checksum(this->read_buffer_, len_without_checksum) != value) {
-      this->reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: checksum mismatch");
+      this->reset_and_dump_buffer_("RX invalid: checksum mismatch");
       continue;
     }
 
-    this->process_rx_packet_(this->read_buffer_[1], this->read_buffer_ + HEADER_LEN, len_without_checksum - HEADER_LEN);
-    this->reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_("RX");
+    dump_buffer_vv("RX", this->read_buffer_, this->read_pos_);
+    const bool processed =
+        callback(this->read_buffer_[1], this->read_buffer_ + HEADER_LEN, len_without_checksum - HEADER_LEN);
+    this->read_pos_ = 0;
+    return processed;
   }
+
+  return false;
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105::process_rx_packet_(uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) {
-  switch (type) {
-    case PACKET_TYPE_CONNECT_RESPONSE:
-      this->set_state_(State::CONNECTED);
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "RX unknown packet type 0x%02X", type);
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-void MitsubishiCN105::reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_(const char *prefix) {
+void MitsubishiCN105::FrameParser::reset_and_dump_buffer_(const char *prefix) {
   dump_buffer_vv(prefix, this->read_buffer_, this->read_pos_);
   this->read_pos_ = 0;
 }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105::dump_buffer_vv(const char *prefix, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+void MitsubishiCN105::FrameParser::dump_buffer_vv(const char *prefix, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
   char buf[format_hex_pretty_size(READ_BUFFER_SIZE)];
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%zu): %s", prefix, len, format_hex_pretty_to(buf, data, len));
 #endif
 }
 
-const LogString *MitsubishiCN105::state_to_string(State state) {
-  switch (state) {
-    case State::NOT_CONNECTED:
-      return LOG_STR("Not connected");
-    case State::CONNECTING:
-      return LOG_STR("Connecting");
-    case State::CONNECTED:
-      return LOG_STR("Connected");
-    case State::READ_TIMEOUT:
-      return LOG_STR("ReadTimeout");
-  }
-  return LOG_STR("Unknown");
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
index fc09b3bed24..6a29763696f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105.h
@@ -9,37 +9,105 @@ uint32_t get_loop_time_ms();
 
 class MitsubishiCN105 {
  public:
+  enum class Mode : uint8_t {
+    HEAT,
+    DRY,
+    COOL,
+    FAN_ONLY,
+    AUTO,
+    UNKNOWN,
+  };
+
+  enum class FanMode : uint8_t {
+    AUTO,
+    QUIET,
+    SPEED_1,
+    SPEED_2,
+    SPEED_3,
+    SPEED_4,
+    UNKNOWN,
+  };
+
+  struct Status {
+    bool power_on{false};
+    float target_temperature{NAN};
+    Mode mode{Mode::UNKNOWN};
+    FanMode fan_mode{FanMode::UNKNOWN};
+    float room_temperature{NAN};
+  };
+
   explicit MitsubishiCN105(uart::UARTDevice &device) : device_(device) {}
 
   void initialize();
-  void update();
+  bool update();
 
   uint32_t get_update_interval() const { return this->update_interval_ms_; }
   void set_update_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) { this->update_interval_ms_ = interval_ms; }
 
+  uint32_t get_room_temperature_min_interval() const { return this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_; }
+  bool is_room_temperature_enabled() const { return this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_ != SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN; }
+  void set_room_temperature_min_interval(uint32_t interval_ms) {
+    this->room_temperature_min_interval_ms_ = interval_ms;
+  }
+
+  const Status &status() const { return this->status_; }
+  bool is_status_initialized() const {
+    return this->is_room_temperature_enabled() ? !std::isnan(this->status_.room_temperature)
+                                               : !std::isnan(this->status_.target_temperature);
+  }
+
  protected:
-  enum class State : uint8_t { NOT_CONNECTED, CONNECTING, CONNECTED, READ_TIMEOUT };
+  enum class State : uint8_t {
+    NOT_CONNECTED,
+    CONNECTING,
+    CONNECTED,
+    UPDATING_STATUS,
+    STATUS_UPDATED,
+    SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE,
+    WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE,
+    READ_TIMEOUT
+  };
+
+  class FrameParser {
+   public:
+    template<typename Callback> bool read_and_parse(uart::UARTDevice &device, Callback &&callback);
+    void reset() { read_pos_ = 0; }
+    static void dump_buffer_vv(const char *prefix, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+   protected:
+    void reset_and_dump_buffer_(const char *prefix);
+
+   private:
+    static constexpr size_t READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
+    uint8_t read_buffer_[READ_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    uint8_t read_pos_{0};
+  };
 
   void set_state_(State new_state);
   void did_transition_(State to);
-  void read_incoming_bytes_();
-  void process_rx_packet_(uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
-  void reset_read_position_and_dump_buffer_(const char *prefix);
+  bool process_rx_packet_(uint8_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
+  bool process_status_packet_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
+  bool parse_status_payload_(uint8_t msg_type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
+  bool parse_status_settings_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
+  bool parse_status_room_temperature_(const uint8_t *payload, size_t len);
   void send_packet_(const uint8_t *packet, size_t len);
+  void update_status_();
+  void cancel_waiting_and_transition_to_(State state);
+  bool should_request_room_temperature_() const;
   template<typename T> void send_packet_(const T &packet) { this->send_packet_(packet.data(), packet.size()); }
   static bool should_transition(State from, State to);
   static const LogString *state_to_string(State state);
-  static void dump_buffer_vv(const char *prefix, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
 
   uart::UARTDevice &device_;
   uint32_t update_interval_ms_{1000};
+  uint32_t room_temperature_min_interval_ms_{60000};
   std::optional<uint32_t> write_timeout_start_ms_;
+  std::optional<uint32_t> status_update_start_ms_;
+  std::optional<uint32_t> last_room_temperature_update_ms_;
+  Status status_{};
   State state_{State::NOT_CONNECTED};
-
- private:
-  static constexpr size_t READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
-  uint8_t read_buffer_[READ_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  uint8_t read_pos_{0};
+  uint8_t current_status_msg_type_{0};
+  FrameParser frame_parser_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
index cce6bef5e46..21ce272993a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,42 @@ namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105.climate";
 
+static constexpr std::array MODE_MAP{
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY},
+};
+
+static constexpr std::array FAN_MODE_MAP{
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_1, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_2, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_3, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH},
+};
+
+template<typename A, typename B, std::size_t N>
+static bool map_lookup(const std::array<std::pair<A, B>, N> &map, A key, B &out) {
+  for (const auto &[from, to] : map) {
+    if (from == key) {
+      out = to;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::dump_config() {
   LOG_CLIMATE("", "Mitsubishi CN105 Climate", this);
+  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current temperature min interval: %" PRIu32 " ms",
+                  this->hp_.get_room_temperature_min_interval());
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current temperature: disabled");
+  }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Update interval: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
                 "  UART: baud_rate=%" PRIu32 " data_bits=%u parity=%s stop_bits=%u",
@@ -17,13 +51,72 @@ void MitsubishiCN105Climate::dump_config() {
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::setup() { this->hp_.initialize(); }
 
-void MitsubishiCN105Climate::loop() { this->hp_.update(); }
+void MitsubishiCN105Climate::loop() {
+  if (this->hp_.update()) {
+    this->apply_values_();
+  }
+}
 
 climate::ClimateTraits MitsubishiCN105Climate::traits() {
   climate::ClimateTraits traits;
+
+  traits.set_supported_modes({
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO,
+  });
+
+  traits.set_supported_fan_modes({
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH,
+  });
+
+  traits.set_visual_min_temperature(16.0f);
+  traits.set_visual_max_temperature(31.0f);
+  traits.set_visual_temperature_step(1.0f);
+
+  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+    traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
+    traits.set_visual_current_temperature_step(0.5f);
+  }
+
   return traits;
 }
 
 void MitsubishiCN105Climate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {}
 
+void MitsubishiCN105Climate::apply_values_() {
+  const auto &status = this->hp_.status();
+
+  this->target_temperature = status.target_temperature;
+
+  if (this->hp_.is_room_temperature_enabled()) {
+    this->current_temperature = status.room_temperature;
+  }
+
+  if (status.power_on) {
+    if (!map_lookup(MODE_MAP, status.mode, this->mode)) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unable to map mode");
+    }
+  } else {
+    this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
+  }
+
+  climate::ClimateFanMode fan_mode;
+  if (map_lookup(FAN_MODE_MAP, status.fan_mode, fan_mode)) {
+    this->fan_mode = fan_mode;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unable to map fan mode");
+  }
+
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
index 08b482025ff..eee4c209669 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.h
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ class MitsubishiCN105Climate : public climate::Climate, public Component, public
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override;
 
   void set_update_interval(uint32_t ms) { hp_.set_update_interval(ms); }
+  void set_current_temperature_min_interval(uint32_t ms) { hp_.set_room_temperature_min_interval(ms); }
 
  protected:
+  void apply_values_();
+
   MitsubishiCN105 hp_;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_time.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_time.cpp
index 55a0a2328fe..0f3fcb56489 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_time.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
-uint32_t __attribute__((weak)) get_loop_time_ms() { return App.get_loop_component_start_time(); };
+uint32_t __attribute__((weak)) get_loop_time_ms() { return App.get_loop_component_start_time(); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
index db79370bb38..bd9c4819010 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ enum OTAResponseTypes {
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_NO_UPDATE_PARTITION = 0x8A,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH = 0x8B,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_RP2040_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE = 0x8C,
+  OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_SIGNATURE_INVALID = 0x8D,
   OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0xFF,
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
index efaf810ca30..598fce1562a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/md5/md5.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
 #include <esp_task_wdt.h>
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ota {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "ota.idf";
+
 std::unique_ptr<IDFOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<IDFOTABackend>(); }
 
 OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) {
@@ -98,7 +101,12 @@ OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::end() {
     }
   }
   if (err == ESP_ERR_OTA_VALIDATE_FAILED) {
+#ifdef USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "OTA validation failed (err=0x%X) - possible signature verification failure", err);
+    return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_SIGNATURE_INVALID;
+#else
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UPDATE_END;
+#endif
   }
   if (err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_TIMEOUT || err == ESP_ERR_FLASH_OP_FAIL) {
     return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_WRITING_FLASH;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
index 626b08a3781..99b812b33bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
+    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA9554Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PIN_COUNT, default=8): cv.one_of(4, 8, 16),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_pin_count(config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
 def validate_mode(value):
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
index adc7bc0fb5c..ac4f119dfee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
@@ -34,12 +34,26 @@ void PCA9554Component::setup() {
   this->read_inputs_();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Initialization complete. Warning: %d, Error: %d", this->status_has_warning(),
            this->status_has_error());
-}
 
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    this->interrupt_pin_->attach_interrupt(&PCA9554Component::gpio_intr, this, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+    // Don't invalidate cache on read — only invalidate when interrupt fires
+    this->set_invalidate_on_read_(false);
+  }
+  // Disable loop until an input pin is configured via pin_mode()
+  // For interrupt-driven mode, loop is re-enabled by the ISR
+  // For polling mode, loop is re-enabled when pin_mode() registers an input pin
+  this->disable_loop();
+}
+void IRAM_ATTR PCA9554Component::gpio_intr(PCA9554Component *arg) { arg->enable_loop_soon_any_context(); }
 void PCA9554Component::loop() {
-  // Invalidate the cache at the start of each loop.
-  // The actual read will happen on demand when digital_read() is called
+  // Invalidate the cache so the next digital_read() triggers a fresh I2C read
   this->reset_pin_cache_();
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    // Interrupt-driven: disable loop until next interrupt fires
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 void PCA9554Component::dump_config() {
@@ -47,6 +61,7 @@ void PCA9554Component::dump_config() {
                 "PCA9554:\n"
                 "  I/O Pins: %d",
                 this->pin_count_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this)
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
@@ -76,6 +91,11 @@ void PCA9554Component::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
   if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
     // Clear mode mask bit
     this->config_mask_ &= ~(1 << pin);
+    // Enable polling loop for input pins (not needed for interrupt-driven mode
+    // where the ISR handles re-enabling loop)
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ == nullptr) {
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
   } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
     // Set mode mask bit
     this->config_mask_ |= 1 << pin;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
index 1d877f9ce29..f33f9d4592c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ class PCA9554Component : public Component,
 
   /// Check i2c availability and setup masks
   void setup() override;
-  /// Invalidate cache at start of each loop
   void loop() override;
   /// Helper function to set the pin mode of a pin.
   void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags);
@@ -26,8 +25,11 @@ class PCA9554Component : public Component,
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_pin_count(size_t pin_count) { this->pin_count_ = pin_count; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
 
  protected:
+  static void IRAM_ATTR gpio_intr(PCA9554Component *arg);
+
   bool read_inputs_();
   bool write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value);
 
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ class PCA9554Component : public Component,
   uint16_t input_mask_{0x00};
   /// Storage for last I2C error seen
   esphome::i2c::ErrorCode last_error_;
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
 };
 
 /// Helper class to expose a PCA9554 pin as an internal input GPIO pin.
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
index f387d0a610f..902efd22798 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
+    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCF8574Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PCF8575, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_pcf8575(config[CONF_PCF8575]))
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
 def validate_mode(value):
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp
index d3ec31436de..bf4a9442a26 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp
@@ -15,16 +15,33 @@ void PCF8574Component::setup() {
 
   this->write_gpio_();
   this->read_gpio_();
+
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    this->interrupt_pin_->attach_interrupt(&PCF8574Component::gpio_intr, this, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+    // Don't invalidate cache on read — only invalidate when interrupt fires
+    this->set_invalidate_on_read_(false);
+  }
+  // Disable loop until an input pin is configured via pin_mode()
+  // For interrupt-driven mode, loop is re-enabled by the ISR
+  // For polling mode, loop is re-enabled when pin_mode() registers an input pin
+  this->disable_loop();
 }
+void IRAM_ATTR PCF8574Component::gpio_intr(PCF8574Component *arg) { arg->enable_loop_soon_any_context(); }
 void PCF8574Component::loop() {
-  // Invalidate the cache at the start of each loop
+  // Invalidate the cache so the next digital_read() triggers a fresh I2C read
   this->reset_pin_cache_();
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    // Interrupt-driven: disable loop until next interrupt fires
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 void PCF8574Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "PCF8574:\n"
                 "  Is PCF8575: %s",
                 YESNO(this->pcf8575_));
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this)
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
@@ -51,6 +68,11 @@ void PCF8574Component::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
     this->mode_mask_ &= ~(1 << pin);
     // Write GPIO to enable input mode
     this->write_gpio_();
+    // Enable polling loop for input pins (not needed for interrupt-driven mode
+    // where the ISR handles re-enabling loop)
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ == nullptr) {
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
   } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
     // Set mode mask bit
     this->mode_mask_ |= 1 << pin;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h
index b039173789f..cae2e930b74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ class PCF8574Component : public Component,
   PCF8574Component() = default;
 
   void set_pcf8575(bool pcf8575) { pcf8575_ = pcf8575; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
 
   /// Check i2c availability and setup masks
   void setup() override;
-  /// Invalidate cache at start of each loop
   void loop() override;
   /// Helper function to set the pin mode of a pin.
   void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags);
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ class PCF8574Component : public Component,
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
+  static void IRAM_ATTR gpio_intr(PCF8574Component *arg);
+
   bool digital_read_hw(uint8_t pin) override;
   bool digital_read_cache(uint8_t pin) override;
   void digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) override;
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ class PCF8574Component : public Component,
   /// The state read in read_gpio_ - 1 means HIGH, 0 means LOW
   uint16_t input_mask_{0x00};
   bool pcf8575_;  ///< TRUE->16-channel PCF8575, FALSE->8-channel PCF8574
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
 };
 
 /// Helper class to expose a PCF8574 pin as an internal input GPIO pin.
diff --git a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
index c64f923823e..d5b19dab1c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
+    CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PI4IOE5V6408Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESET, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_reset(config[CONF_RESET]))
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
 def validate_mode(value):
diff --git a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp
index 9247e114f04..6e8631022a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,24 @@ void PI4IOE5V6408Component::setup() {
       return;
     }
   }
+
+  // No need to clear latched interrupts before attaching the ISR — if INT is
+  // already low the ISR fires immediately, loop runs, cache invalidates, and
+  // the read clears the latch. One harmless extra read at most.
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    this->interrupt_pin_->attach_interrupt(&PI4IOE5V6408Component::gpio_intr, this, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+    this->set_invalidate_on_read_(false);
+  }
+  // Disable loop until an input pin is configured via pin_mode()
+  // For interrupt-driven mode, loop is re-enabled by the ISR
+  // For polling mode, loop is re-enabled when pin_mode() registers an input pin
+  this->disable_loop();
 }
+void IRAM_ATTR PI4IOE5V6408Component::gpio_intr(PI4IOE5V6408Component *arg) { arg->enable_loop_soon_any_context(); }
 void PI4IOE5V6408Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "PI4IOE5V6408:");
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this)
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
@@ -55,12 +70,22 @@ void PI4IOE5V6408Component::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
       this->pull_up_down_mask_ &= ~(1 << pin);
       this->pull_enable_mask_ |= 1 << pin;
     }
+    // Enable polling loop for input pins (not needed for interrupt-driven mode
+    // where the ISR handles re-enabling loop)
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ == nullptr) {
+      this->enable_loop();
+    }
   }
   // Write GPIO to enable input mode
   this->write_gpio_modes_();
 }
 
-void PI4IOE5V6408Component::loop() { this->reset_pin_cache_(); }
+void PI4IOE5V6408Component::loop() {
+  this->reset_pin_cache_();
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
 
 bool PI4IOE5V6408Component::read_gpio_outputs_() {
   if (this->is_failed())
@@ -142,6 +167,13 @@ bool PI4IOE5V6408Component::write_gpio_modes_() {
     this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Failed to write GPIO pull enable"));
     return false;
   }
+  // Enable interrupts for input pins when interrupt pin is configured
+  // (input pins have mode_mask_ bit cleared)
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr &&
+      !this->write_byte(PI4IOE5V6408_REGISTER_INTERRUPT_ENABLE_MASK, static_cast<uint8_t>(~this->mode_mask_))) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Failed to write interrupt enable mask"));
+    return false;
+  }
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
            "Wrote GPIO config:\n"
diff --git a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.h b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.h
index 4dc31201ce4..ff2474fe994 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.h
@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ class PI4IOE5V6408Component : public Component,
 
   /// Indicate if the component should reset the state during setup
   void set_reset(bool reset) { this->reset_ = reset; }
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
 
  protected:
+  static void IRAM_ATTR gpio_intr(PI4IOE5V6408Component *arg);
+
   bool digital_read_hw(uint8_t pin) override;
   bool digital_read_cache(uint8_t pin) override;
   void digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) override;
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ class PI4IOE5V6408Component : public Component,
   uint8_t pull_up_down_mask_{0x00};
 
   bool reset_{true};
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
 
   bool read_gpio_modes_();
   bool write_gpio_modes_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
index 0e14371d004..9d2fb725f31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void SelectCall::perform() {
 
   auto idx = target_index.value();
   // All operations use indices, call control() by index to avoid string conversion
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Set selected option to: %s", name, parent->option_at(idx));
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' - Set selected option to: %s", name, parent->option_at(idx));
   parent->control(idx);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi.cpp b/esphome/components/spi/spi.cpp
index 36344a6d38d..20359135ba0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void SPIComponent::dump_config() {
   LOG_PIN("  SDI Pin: ", this->sdi_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  SDO Pin: ", this->sdo_pin_);
   for (size_t i = 0; i != this->data_pins_.size(); i++) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Data pin %u: GPIO%d", i, this->data_pins_[i]);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Data pin %zu: GPIO%d", i, this->data_pins_[i]);
   }
   if (this->spi_bus_->is_hw()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Using HW SPI: %s", this->interface_name_);
@@ -118,4 +118,12 @@ uint16_t SPIDelegateBitBash::transfer_(uint16_t data, size_t num_bits) {
   return out_data;
 }
 
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+// Stub for unsupported platforms (host, Zephyr, etc.) - hardware SPI is unavailable
+SPIBus *SPIComponent::get_bus(SPIInterface interface, GPIOPin *clk, GPIOPin *sdo, GPIOPin *sdi,
+                              const std::vector<uint8_t> &data_pins) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace esphome::spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/spi/spi.h b/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
index 84c8bca2671..dc538f4c41f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/spi/spi.h
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ using SPIInterface = SPIClassRP2040 *;
 using SPIInterface = SPIClass *;
 #endif
 
-#elif defined(CLANG_TIDY)
+#elif defined(USE_HOST) || defined(CLANG_TIDY)
 
-using SPIInterface = void *;  // Stub for platforms without SPI (e.g., Zephyr)
+using SPIInterface = void *;  // Stub for platforms without SPI (e.g., host, Zephyr)
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32 / USE_ARDUINO
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
index 11840db3a31..abc7338a628 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ void Switch::control(bool target_state) {
   }
 }
 void Switch::turn_on() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Turning ON.", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' Turning ON.", this->get_name().c_str());
   this->write_state(!this->inverted_);
 }
 void Switch::turn_off() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Turning OFF.", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' Turning OFF.", this->get_name().c_str());
   this->write_state(this->inverted_);
 }
 void Switch::toggle() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Toggling %s.", this->get_name().c_str(), this->state ? "OFF" : "ON");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s' Toggling %s.", this->get_name().c_str(), this->state ? "OFF" : "ON");
   this->write_state(this->inverted_ == this->state);
 }
 optional<bool> Switch::get_initial_state() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
index c31ccbc7eac..7ac0abeee0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ def _parse_cron_part(part, min_value, max_value, special_mapping):
                 f"Can't have more than two '/' in one time expression, got {part}"
             )
         offset, repeat = data
-        offset_n = 0
-        if offset:
+        offset_n = min_value
+        if offset and offset not in ("*", "?"):
             offset_n = _parse_cron_int(
                 offset,
                 special_mapping,
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
index 8bc87878d1e..7eb99cfe743 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/automation.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@ bool CronTrigger::matches(const ESPTime &time) {
   return time.is_valid() && this->seconds_[time.second] && this->minutes_[time.minute] && this->hours_[time.hour] &&
          this->days_of_month_[time.day_of_month] && this->months_[time.month] && this->days_of_week_[time.day_of_week];
 }
-void CronTrigger::loop() {
+void CronTrigger::setup() {
+  // Cron resolution is 1 second — check once per second instead of every loop iteration
+  this->set_interval(1000, [this]() { this->check_time_(); });
+}
+
+void CronTrigger::check_time_() {
   ESPTime time = this->rtc_->now();
   if (!time.is_valid())
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/automation.h b/esphome/components/time/automation.h
index 4ccfc641d6c..546c4a10de2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/automation.h
@@ -26,10 +26,11 @@ class CronTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
   void add_day_of_week(uint8_t day_of_week);
   void add_days_of_week(const std::vector<uint8_t> &days_of_week);
   bool matches(const ESPTime &time);
-  void loop() override;
+  void setup() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
  protected:
+  void check_time_();
   std::bitset<61> seconds_;
   std::bitset<60> minutes_;
   std::bitset<24> hours_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.cpp b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.cpp
index e7a45a5edfa..161c712cc16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 #include "total_daily_energy.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace total_daily_energy {
+namespace esphome::total_daily_energy {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "total_daily_energy";
+static constexpr uint32_t TIMEOUT_ID_MIDNIGHT = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60;
+static constexpr uint8_t MINUTES_PER_HOUR = 60;
+static constexpr uint8_t HOURS_PER_DAY = 24;
+static constexpr uint32_t SECONDS_PER_HOUR = SECONDS_PER_MINUTE * MINUTES_PER_HOUR;
+static constexpr uint16_t MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
+// Wake up 90 minutes before midnight to recalculate, ensuring DST transitions
+// (which shift wall clock by 1 hour but don't change millis()) don't cause
+// the midnight reset to fire late. DST transitions don't trigger the time sync
+// callback since they change local time interpretation, not the epoch.
+static constexpr uint32_t PRE_MIDNIGHT_SECONDS = 90 * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
 
 void TotalDailyEnergy::setup() {
   float initial_value = 0;
@@ -15,28 +26,55 @@ void TotalDailyEnergy::setup() {
   }
   this->publish_state_and_save(initial_value);
 
-  this->last_update_ = millis();
+  this->last_update_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   this->parent_->add_on_state_callback([this](float state) { this->process_new_state_(state); });
+
+  // Schedule initial midnight reset if time is already valid, otherwise
+  // the time sync callback will handle it once time becomes available.
+  this->schedule_midnight_reset_();
+  // Re-schedule on every NTP sync in case the clock jumped across midnight.
+  this->time_->add_on_time_sync_callback([this]() { this->schedule_midnight_reset_(); });
 }
 
 void TotalDailyEnergy::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "Total Daily Energy", this); }
 
-void TotalDailyEnergy::loop() {
+void TotalDailyEnergy::schedule_midnight_reset_() {
   auto t = this->time_->now();
   if (!t.is_valid())
     return;
 
-  if (this->last_day_of_year_ == 0) {
+  // Check if the day changed (time sync moved us past midnight, or first call)
+  if (this->last_day_of_year_ != t.day_of_year) {
+    if (this->last_day_of_year_ != 0) {
+      // Day actually changed — reset energy
+      this->total_energy_ = 0;
+      this->publish_state_and_save(0);
+    }
     this->last_day_of_year_ = t.day_of_year;
-    return;
   }
 
-  if (t.day_of_year != this->last_day_of_year_) {
-    this->last_day_of_year_ = t.day_of_year;
-    this->total_energy_ = 0;
-    this->publish_state_and_save(0);
+  // Calculate seconds until next midnight.
+  // Uses the same TIMEOUT_ID_MIDNIGHT ID so re-scheduling (e.g. from time sync) cancels
+  // any previously pending timeout.
+  uint32_t seconds_until_midnight =
+      ((HOURS_PER_DAY - 1 - t.hour) * MINUTES_PER_HOUR + (MINUTES_PER_HOUR - 1 - t.minute)) * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE +
+      (SECONDS_PER_MINUTE - t.second);
+
+  // set_timeout counts real elapsed millis, but DST shifts wall clock by up to 1 hour
+  // without changing millis. To avoid firing up to 1 hour late/early, we use two stages:
+  // 1) Wake up 90 minutes before midnight to recalculate with current wall clock
+  // 2) From there, schedule the precise midnight reset
+  uint32_t timeout_seconds;
+  if (seconds_until_midnight > PRE_MIDNIGHT_SECONDS) {
+    timeout_seconds = seconds_until_midnight - PRE_MIDNIGHT_SECONDS;
+  } else {
+    timeout_seconds = seconds_until_midnight + 1;
   }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scheduling midnight check in %us", timeout_seconds);
+  this->set_timeout(TIMEOUT_ID_MIDNIGHT, timeout_seconds * MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
+                    [this]() { this->schedule_midnight_reset_(); });
 }
 
 void TotalDailyEnergy::publish_state_and_save(float state) {
@@ -50,14 +88,14 @@ void TotalDailyEnergy::publish_state_and_save(float state) {
 void TotalDailyEnergy::process_new_state_(float state) {
   if (std::isnan(state))
     return;
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   const float old_state = this->last_power_state_;
   const float new_state = state;
-  float delta_hours = (now - this->last_update_) / 1000.0f / 60.0f / 60.0f;
+  float delta_hours = (now - this->last_update_) / static_cast<float>(MILLIS_PER_SECOND) / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
   float delta_energy = 0.0f;
   switch (this->method_) {
     case TOTAL_DAILY_ENERGY_METHOD_TRAPEZOID:
-      delta_energy = delta_hours * (old_state + new_state) / 2.0;
+      delta_energy = delta_hours * (old_state + new_state) / 2.0f;
       break;
     case TOTAL_DAILY_ENERGY_METHOD_LEFT:
       delta_energy = delta_hours * old_state;
@@ -71,5 +109,4 @@ void TotalDailyEnergy::process_new_state_(float state) {
   this->publish_state_and_save(this->total_energy_ + delta_energy);
 }
 
-}  // namespace total_daily_energy
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::total_daily_energy
diff --git a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.h b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.h
index 1145f54f957..9a20ecea017 100644
--- a/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace total_daily_energy {
+namespace esphome::total_daily_energy {
 
 enum TotalDailyEnergyMethod {
   TOTAL_DAILY_ENERGY_METHOD_TRAPEZOID = 0,
@@ -23,12 +22,12 @@ class TotalDailyEnergy : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   void set_method(TotalDailyEnergyMethod method) { method_ = method; }
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  void loop() override;
 
   void publish_state_and_save(float state);
 
  protected:
   void process_new_state_(float state);
+  void schedule_midnight_reset_();
 
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
   time::RealTimeClock *time_;
@@ -41,5 +40,4 @@ class TotalDailyEnergy : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   float last_power_state_{0.0f};
 };
 
-}  // namespace total_daily_energy
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::total_daily_energy
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index faa8c6d4b0e..d92fb6e98a9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 768
 #define USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
+#define USE_OTA_SIGNED_VERIFICATION
 #define USE_ESP32_MIN_CHIP_REVISION_SET
 #define USE_ESP32_SRAM1_AS_IRAM
 
@@ -330,6 +331,7 @@
 // ESP8266-specific feature flags
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #define USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+#define USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
 #define USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE VERSION_CODE(3, 1, 2)
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_ESP8266_LOGGER_SERIAL
diff --git a/esphome/espota2.py b/esphome/espota2.py
index c412bb51ffd..4b813e4060c 100644
--- a/esphome/espota2.py
+++ b/esphome/espota2.py
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP8266_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE = 0x88
 RESPONSE_ERROR_ESP32_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE = 0x89
 RESPONSE_ERROR_NO_UPDATE_PARTITION = 0x8A
 RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH = 0x8B
+RESPONSE_ERROR_RP2040_NOT_ENOUGH_SPACE = 0x8C
+RESPONSE_ERROR_SIGNATURE_INVALID = 0x8D
 RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0xFF
 
 OTA_VERSION_1_0 = 1
@@ -192,6 +194,12 @@ def check_error(data: list[int] | bytes, expect: int | list[int] | None) -> None
             "Error: Application MD5 code mismatch. Please try again "
             "or flash over USB with a good quality cable."
         )
+    if dat == RESPONSE_ERROR_SIGNATURE_INVALID:
+        raise OTAError(
+            "Error: Firmware signature verification failed. The firmware was not signed "
+            "with the correct key. Ensure the signing key matches the one used to build "
+            "the firmware currently running on the device."
+        )
     if dat == RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN:
         raise OTAError("Unknown error from ESP")
     if not isinstance(expect, (list, tuple)):
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 9c63cdee27b..db4a2b19e03 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.2
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.9.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.11.1
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index f2a11141af0..c17f16412cc 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
         """Check if this field should always be encoded (skip zero/empty check)."""
         return get_field_opt(self._field, pb.force, False)
 
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """Get the max_value option for this field, or None if not set."""
+        return get_field_opt(self._field, pb.max_value, None)
+
     @property
     def wire_type(self) -> WireType:
         """Get the wire type for the field."""
@@ -235,37 +240,56 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
         "encode_bool": "buffer.write_raw_byte({value} ? 0x01 : 0x00);",
     }
 
+    # When max_value < 128, the varint is always 1 byte — use a direct byte write
+    RAW_ENCODE_SMALL_MAP: dict[str, str] = {
+        "encode_uint32": "buffer.write_raw_byte(static_cast<uint8_t>({value}));",
+        "encode_uint64": "buffer.write_raw_byte(static_cast<uint8_t>({value}));",
+    }
+
     def _encode_with_precomputed_tag(self, value_expr: str) -> str | None:
         """Try to emit a precomputed-tag encode for a forced field.
 
         Returns the raw encode string if the tag is a single byte and the
         encode_func has a known raw equivalent, or None otherwise.
+        When max_value < 128, uses direct byte write instead of varint encoding.
         """
         if not self.force:
             return None
         tag = self.calculate_tag()
         if tag >= 128:
             return None
-        raw_expr = self.RAW_ENCODE_MAP.get(self.encode_func)
+        max_val = self.max_value
+        raw_expr = None
+        if max_val is not None and max_val < 128:
+            raw_expr = self.RAW_ENCODE_SMALL_MAP.get(self.encode_func)
+        if raw_expr is None:
+            raw_expr = self.RAW_ENCODE_MAP.get(self.encode_func)
         if raw_expr is None:
             return None
         return f"buffer.write_raw_byte({tag});\n{raw_expr.format(value=value_expr)}"
 
     def _encode_bytes_with_precomputed_tag(
-        self, data_expr: str, len_expr: str
+        self, data_expr: str, len_expr: str, max_len: int | None = None
     ) -> str | None:
         """Try to emit a precomputed-tag encode for a forced bytes/string field.
 
         Returns the raw encode string if the tag is a single byte, or None.
+        When max_len < 128, uses direct byte write for the length varint.
         """
         if not self.force:
             return None
         tag = self.calculate_tag()
         if tag >= 128:
             return None
+        # When max_len < 128, length varint is always 1 byte
+        len_encode = (
+            f"buffer.write_raw_byte(static_cast<uint8_t>({len_expr}));"
+            if max_len is not None and max_len < 128
+            else f"buffer.encode_varint_raw({len_expr});"
+        )
         return (
             f"buffer.write_raw_byte({tag});\n"
-            f"buffer.encode_varint_raw({len_expr});\n"
+            f"{len_encode}\n"
             f"buffer.encode_raw({data_expr}, {len_expr});"
         )
 
@@ -346,6 +370,25 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
         value = value_expr or name
         return f"size += ProtoSize::{method}({field_id_size}, {value});"
 
+    def _get_single_byte_varint_size(
+        self, name: str, force: bool, extra_expr: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Size calculation when the varint is guaranteed to be 1 byte.
+
+        Used when max_value < 128 or fixed_array_size < 128.
+        The fixed part is field_id_size + 1 (tag + 1-byte varint).
+
+        Args:
+            name: Expression to check for zero (non-force only)
+            force: Whether to skip the zero check
+            extra_expr: Additional variable expression to add (e.g., data length)
+        """
+        fixed = self.calculate_field_id_size() + 1
+        size_expr = f"{fixed} + {extra_expr}" if extra_expr else str(fixed)
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {size_expr};"
+        return f"size += {name} ? {size_expr} : 0;"
+
     @abstractmethod
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         """Calculate the size needed for encoding this field.
@@ -1191,8 +1234,9 @@ class FixedArrayBytesType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        max_len = self.array_size if isinstance(self.array_size, int) else None
         if result := self._encode_bytes_with_precomputed_tag(
-            f"this->{self.field_name}", f"this->{self.field_name}_len"
+            f"this->{self.field_name}", f"this->{self.field_name}_len", max_len=max_len
         ):
             return result
         if self.force:
@@ -1212,13 +1256,14 @@ class FixedArrayBytesType(TypeInfo):
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         # Use the actual length stored in the _len field
         length_field = f"this->{self.field_name}_len"
-        field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
 
-        if force:
-            # For repeated fields, always calculate size (no zero check)
-            return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force({field_id_size}, {length_field});"
-        # For non-repeated fields, length already checks for zero
-        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length({field_id_size}, {length_field});"
+        # When array_size < 128, length varint is always 1 byte
+        if isinstance(self.array_size, int) and self.array_size < 128:
+            return self._get_single_byte_varint_size(
+                length_field, force, extra_expr=length_field
+            )
+
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(length_field, force, "length")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         # Estimate based on typical BLE advertisement size
@@ -1245,6 +1290,9 @@ class UInt32Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
+        max_val = self.max_value
+        if max_val is not None and max_val < 128:
+            return self._get_single_byte_varint_size(name, force)
         return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "uint32")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
diff --git a/script/helpers.py b/script/helpers.py
index 290dcadf0b9..c9c550d8893 100644
--- a/script/helpers.py
+++ b/script/helpers.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import colorama
 
-from esphome.loader import get_platform
-
 root_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(__file__, "..", "..")))
 basepath = os.path.join(root_path, "esphome")
 temp_folder = os.path.join(root_path, ".temp")
@@ -644,7 +642,7 @@ def get_all_dependencies(
         PLATFORM_HOST,
     )
     from esphome.core import CORE
-    from esphome.loader import get_component
+    from esphome.loader import get_component, get_platform
 
     all_components: set[str] = set(component_names)
 
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02cef50d705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_list_entities.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/color_mode.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// --- ListEntitiesSensorResponse ---
+
+static ListEntitiesSensorResponse make_sensor_response() {
+  ListEntitiesSensorResponse msg;
+  msg.object_id = StringRef::from_lit("living_room_temperature");
+  msg.key = 0x12345678;
+  msg.name = StringRef::from_lit("Living Room Temperature");
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  msg.icon = StringRef::from_lit("mdi:thermometer");
+#endif
+  msg.entity_category = enums::ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE;
+  msg.disabled_by_default = false;
+  msg.unit_of_measurement = StringRef::from_lit("°C");
+  msg.accuracy_decimals = 1;
+  msg.force_update = false;
+  msg.device_class = StringRef::from_lit("temperature");
+  msg.state_class = enums::STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT;
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  msg.device_id = 1;
+#endif
+  return msg;
+}
+
+static void CalculateSize_ListEntitiesSensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_sensor_response();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += msg.calculate_size();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalculateSize_ListEntitiesSensorResponse);
+
+static void Encode_ListEntitiesSensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_sensor_response();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+  buffer.resize(size);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(Encode_ListEntitiesSensorResponse);
+
+static void CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesSensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_sensor_response();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesSensorResponse);
+
+// --- ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse ---
+
+static ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse make_binary_sensor_response() {
+  ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse msg;
+  msg.object_id = StringRef::from_lit("front_door_contact");
+  msg.key = 0xAABBCCDD;
+  msg.name = StringRef::from_lit("Front Door Contact");
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  msg.icon = StringRef::from_lit("mdi:door");
+#endif
+  msg.entity_category = enums::ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE;
+  msg.disabled_by_default = false;
+  msg.device_class = StringRef::from_lit("door");
+  msg.is_status_binary_sensor = false;
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  msg.device_id = 2;
+#endif
+  return msg;
+}
+
+static void CalculateSize_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_binary_sensor_response();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += msg.calculate_size();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalculateSize_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse);
+
+static void Encode_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_binary_sensor_response();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+  buffer.resize(size);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(Encode_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse);
+
+static void CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_binary_sensor_response();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse);
+
+// --- ListEntitiesLightResponse ---
+
+static light::ColorModeMask light_color_modes;
+static FixedVector<const char *> light_effects;
+
+static ListEntitiesLightResponse make_light_response() {
+  // Initialize static data on first call
+  static bool initialized = false;
+  if (!initialized) {
+    light_color_modes.insert(light::ColorMode::RGB_WHITE);
+    light_color_modes.insert(light::ColorMode::COLOR_TEMPERATURE);
+    light_effects.init(3);
+    light_effects.push_back("None");
+    light_effects.push_back("Rainbow");
+    light_effects.push_back("Strobe");
+    initialized = true;
+  }
+
+  ListEntitiesLightResponse msg;
+  msg.object_id = StringRef::from_lit("kitchen_ceiling_light");
+  msg.key = 0x55667788;
+  msg.name = StringRef::from_lit("Kitchen Ceiling Light");
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  msg.icon = StringRef::from_lit("mdi:ceiling-light");
+#endif
+  msg.entity_category = enums::ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE;
+  msg.disabled_by_default = false;
+  msg.supported_color_modes = &light_color_modes;
+  msg.min_mireds = 153.0f;
+  msg.max_mireds = 500.0f;
+  msg.effects = &light_effects;
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  msg.device_id = 3;
+#endif
+  return msg;
+}
+
+static void CalculateSize_ListEntitiesLightResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_light_response();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += msg.calculate_size();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalculateSize_ListEntitiesLightResponse);
+
+static void Encode_ListEntitiesLightResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_light_response();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+  buffer.resize(size);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(Encode_ListEntitiesLightResponse);
+
+static void CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesLightResponse(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_light_response();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalcAndEncode_ListEntitiesLightResponse);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/conftest.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/conftest.py
index eddf0987d0a..082a9e55f2a 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/conftest.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for mpip_spi configuration validation."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -12,6 +13,16 @@ from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.pins import gpio_pin_schema
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mock_spi_final_validate():
+    """Mock spi.final_validate_device_schema since unit tests have no real SPI bus config."""
+    with mock.patch(
+        "esphome.components.spi.final_validate_device_schema",
+        return_value=lambda config: None,
+    ):
+        yield
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def choose_variant_with_pins() -> Generator[Callable[[list], None]]:
     """
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py
index ab42a756943..c11c7816e4e 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_display_metadata.py
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
 def validated_config(config):
     """Run schema + final validation and return the validated config."""
-    return FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(CONFIG_SCHEMA(config))
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
 
 
 def test_metadata_native_quad_default_test_card(
diff --git a/tests/components/ags10/common.yaml b/tests/components/ags10/common.yaml
index 0551871e594..8009c562955 100644
--- a/tests/components/ags10/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ags10/common.yaml
@@ -4,3 +4,14 @@ sensor:
     tvoc:
       name: AGS10 TVOC
     update_interval: 60s
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test AGS10 Actions"
+    on_press:
+      - ags10.set_zero_point:
+          id: ags10_1
+          mode: CURRENT_VALUE
+      - ags10.new_i2c_address:
+          id: ags10_1
+          address: 0x1A
diff --git a/tests/components/at581x/common.yaml b/tests/components/at581x/common.yaml
index 425be47c423..dfb3a9a05eb 100644
--- a/tests/components/at581x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/at581x/common.yaml
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ esphome:
           trigger_keep: 10s
           stage_gain: 3
           power_consumption: 70uA
+      - at581x.settings:
+          id: waveradar
+          frequency: !lambda "return 5800;"
+          poweron_selfcheck_time: !lambda "return 2000;"
+          power_consumption: !lambda "return 70;"
       - at581x.reset:
           id: waveradar
 
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem b/tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a74231d5903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+*** DO NOT USE THIS KEY...EVER ***
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+*** DO NOT USE THIS KEY...EVER ***
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf1a54cfa15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_key: ../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem
+        signing_scheme: rsa3072
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500.esp32-idf.yaml
index 36f1b5365f1..f1551fef603 100644
--- a/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test-w5500.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,20 @@
-<<: !include common-w5500.yaml
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  interface: spi2
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"
diff --git a/tests/components/internal_temperature/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/internal_temperature/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dade44d145b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/internal_temperature/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
index 3a6af93b640..3c5c730e6cb 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ lvgl:
           bg_color: 0x000000
           bg_opa: cover
   theme:
+    dark_mode: true
     obj:
       border_width: 1
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23008/common.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23008/common.yaml
index 4a407adfd82..7eeee409fff 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23008/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23008/common.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 mcp23008:
-  i2c_id: i2c_bus
-  id: mcp23008_hub
+  - i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: mcp23008_hub
+  - i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: mcp23008_hub_int
+    address: 0x21
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: gpio
@@ -9,6 +13,12 @@ binary_sensor:
       mcp23xxx: mcp23008_hub
       number: 0
       mode: INPUT
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: mcp23008_binary_sensor_int
+    pin:
+      mcp23xxx: mcp23008_hub_int
+      number: 0
+      mode: INPUT
 
 switch:
   - platform: gpio
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index b47e39c3898..8c3b341dce0 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4a98b9388ab..69b243bfd80 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23008/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23008/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23008/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 319a7c71a65..b8ad1e47925 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23008/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23008/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23017/common.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23017/common.yaml
index 54a97e911fe..8b1e32600ef 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23017/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23017/common.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 mcp23017:
-  i2c_id: i2c_bus
-  id: mcp23017_hub
+  - i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: mcp23017_hub
+  - i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: mcp23017_hub_int
+    address: 0x21
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: gpio
@@ -9,6 +13,12 @@ binary_sensor:
       mcp23xxx: mcp23017_hub
       number: 0
       mode: INPUT
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: mcp23017_binary_sensor_int
+    pin:
+      mcp23xxx: mcp23017_hub_int
+      number: 0
+      mode: INPUT
 
 switch:
   - platform: gpio
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index b47e39c3898..8c3b341dce0 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4a98b9388ab..69b243bfd80 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23017/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23017/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 319a7c71a65..b8ad1e47925 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23017/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23017/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s08/common.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s08/common.yaml
index 2170ae04596..327bf02ca9b 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s08/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s08/common.yaml
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ mcp23s08:
   - id: mcp23s08_hub
     cs_pin: ${cs_pin}
     deviceaddress: 0
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index a3352cf880d..eeb69416453 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 substitutions:
   cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
 
 packages:
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 595f31046ab..ffc40b35953 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 substitutions:
   cs_pin: GPIO15
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO0
 
 packages:
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp8266-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 79ea6ce90b0..09b87ca3f85 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s08/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 substitutions:
   cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
 
 packages:
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s17/common.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s17/common.yaml
index a89beeb16b7..150ecca325d 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s17/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s17/common.yaml
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ mcp23s17:
   - id: mcp23s17_hub
     cs_pin: ${cs_pin}
     deviceaddress: 0
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index a3352cf880d..eeb69416453 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 substitutions:
   cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
 
 packages:
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 595f31046ab..ffc40b35953 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 substitutions:
   cs_pin: GPIO15
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO0
 
 packages:
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp8266-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 79ea6ce90b0..09b87ca3f85 100644
--- a/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mcp23s17/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 substitutions:
   cs_pin: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
 
 packages:
   spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
index e01d9e69ff1..f26b0d82b62 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/climate/mitsubishi_cn105_tests.cpp
@@ -25,27 +25,84 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, InitSendsConnectPacket) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{123});
 }
 
-TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, SuccessfullyConnects) {
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ConnectAndUpdateStatus) {
   auto ctx = TestContext{};
 
   ctx.sut.initialize();
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
 
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{0});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_.has_value());
 
   // Connect response
   ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x7A, 0x01, 0x30, 0x00, 0x55});
 
-  ctx.sut.update();
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(200);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
 
-  // All bytes from UART should be consumed and state = CONNECTED
+  // All bytes from UART should be consumed
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
-  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTED);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_.has_value());
+  // After successful connect we request status, first settings (0x02)
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+  EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x42, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                                  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7B));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{200});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_.has_value());
+
+  // Clear TX bytes.
+  ctx.uart.tx.clear();
+
+  // Settings response
+  ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x07,
+                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xB0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99});
+
+  // Settings should still have initial values
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
+  EXPECT_THAT(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, ::testing::IsNan());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::Mode::UNKNOWN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::FanMode::UNKNOWN);
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(300);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
+
+  // Check settings that we just read from received package
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 24.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::FanMode::AUTO);
+
+  // Now fetch room temperature (0x03)
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+  EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x42, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                                  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{300});
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_.has_value());
+
+  // Clear TX bytes.
+  ctx.uart.tx.clear();
+
+  // Room temperature response
+  ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00,
+                    0xAA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA5});
+
+  // Room temperature should still have initial value
+  EXPECT_THAT(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, ::testing::IsNan());
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(400);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.is_status_initialized());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.is_status_initialized());
+
+  // Check room temperature we just read from received package
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, 21.0f);
 
-  // Nothing should be send to UART
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{400});
 }
 
 TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NoResponseTriggersReconnect) {
@@ -55,21 +112,21 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NoResponseTriggersReconnect) {
   ctx.uart.tx.clear();  // Remove first connect packet bytes
 
   // No response (no RX data), no retry yet
-  ctx.sut.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{0});
 
   // Still no response after 1999ms, no retry yet
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(1999);
-  ctx.sut.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{0});
 
   // Stop waiting after 2s and retry connect
   ctx.sut.set_current_time(2000);
-  ctx.sut.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
   EXPECT_THAT(ctx.uart.tx, ::testing::ElementsAre(0xFC, 0x5A, 0x01, 0x30, 0x02, 0xCA, 0x01, 0xA8));
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.write_timeout_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{2000});
@@ -92,7 +149,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, RxWatchdogLimitsProcessingPerUpdate) {
   ASSERT_GT(ctx.uart.rx.size(), 64);
 
   // No valid response, no state change expected
-  ctx.sut.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
 
@@ -100,7 +157,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, RxWatchdogLimitsProcessingPerUpdate) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
 
   // Next update will read remaining bytes, no state change expected
-  ctx.sut.update();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
   EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
@@ -162,7 +219,7 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ParserHandlesMixedRxStream) {
   // Drain RX - no valid response, no state change expected
   int iterations = 0;
   while (!ctx.uart.rx.empty() && iterations++ < 10) {
-    ctx.sut.update();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
     EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::CONNECTING);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
   }
@@ -170,4 +227,85 @@ TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, ParserHandlesMixedRxStream) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.rx.empty());
 }
 
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, NextStatusUpdateAfterUpdateIntervalMilliseconds) {
+  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+
+  ctx.sut.set_update_interval(2000);
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(80000);
+
+  // No scheduled status update
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_.has_value());
+
+  // Status update completed, schedule next status update
+  ctx.sut.state_ = TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::STATUS_UPDATED;
+  ctx.sut.set_state(TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::SCHEDULE_NEXT_STATUS_UPDATE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_, std::optional<uint32_t>{80000});
+
+  // Wait for update_interval (ms) before doing another status update
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(81999);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::WAITING_FOR_SCHEDULED_STATUS_UPDATE);
+
+  ctx.sut.set_current_time(82000);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ctx.sut.update());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.uart.tx.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.state_, TestableMitsubishiCN105::State::UPDATING_STATUS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status_update_start_ms_.has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedA) {
+  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+
+  ctx.uart.push_rx(
+      {0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55});
+
+  ctx.sut.update();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 26.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::FanMode::QUIET);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusSettingsPackageTempEncodedB) {
+  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+
+  ctx.uart.push_rx(
+      {0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA5, 0xAD});
+
+  ctx.sut.update();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ctx.sut.status().power_on);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().target_temperature, 18.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::Mode::FAN_ONLY);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().fan_mode, TestableMitsubishiCN105::FanMode::SPEED_4);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedA) {
+  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+
+  ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5D});
+
+  ctx.sut.update();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, 16.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(MitsubishiCN105Tests, DecodeStatusRoomTempPackageTempEncodedB) {
+  auto ctx = TestContext{};
+
+  ctx.uart.push_rx({0xFC, 0x62, 0x01, 0x30, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xBC, 0xA7});
+
+  ctx.sut.update();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ctx.sut.status().room_temperature, 30.0f);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.cpp b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.cpp
index ea13d7676c4..50993c5c2c9 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 
-uint32_t get_loop_time_ms() { return testing::TestableMitsubishiCN105::test_loop_time_ms; };
+uint32_t get_loop_time_ms() { return testing::TestableMitsubishiCN105::test_loop_time_ms; }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105
diff --git a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
index c41268d7233..ed55c3dc0ce 100644
--- a/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.h
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ class TestableMitsubishiCN105 : public MitsubishiCN105 {
   using MitsubishiCN105::State;
   using MitsubishiCN105::state_;
   using MitsubishiCN105::write_timeout_start_ms_;
+  using MitsubishiCN105::status_update_start_ms_;
+
+  void set_state(State s) { this->set_state_(s); }
 
   static inline uint32_t test_loop_time_ms = 0;
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pca9554/common.yaml b/tests/components/pca9554/common.yaml
index 9e5e7f3342b..82a88b90aae 100644
--- a/tests/components/pca9554/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pca9554/common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ pca9554:
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     pin_count: 8
     address: 0x3F
+  - id: pca9554_hub_int
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    pin_count: 8
+    address: 0x3E
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: gpio
diff --git a/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index b47e39c3898..8c3b341dce0 100644
--- a/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4a98b9388ab..69b243bfd80 100644
--- a/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pca9554/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pca9554/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pca9554/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 319a7c71a65..b8ad1e47925 100644
--- a/tests/components/pca9554/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pca9554/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pcf8574/common.yaml b/tests/components/pcf8574/common.yaml
index 09fa33164e3..8a26b930152 100644
--- a/tests/components/pcf8574/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pcf8574/common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ pcf8574:
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     address: 0x21
     pcf8575: false
+  - id: pcf8574_hub_int
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x22
+    pcf8575: false
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: gpio
diff --git a/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index b47e39c3898..8c3b341dce0 100644
--- a/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4a98b9388ab..69b243bfd80 100644
--- a/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pcf8574/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pcf8574/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 319a7c71a65..b8ad1e47925 100644
--- a/tests/components/pcf8574/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pcf8574/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
+
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
diff --git a/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/common.yaml b/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/common.yaml
index 2344622081a..77a77fa3e4f 100644
--- a/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/common.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 pi4ioe5v6408:
-  i2c_id: i2c_bus
-  id: pi4ioe1
-  address: 0x44
+  - i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: pi4ioe1
+    address: 0x44
+  - i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: pi4ioe1_int
+    address: 0x45
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
 
 switch:
   - platform: gpio
@@ -16,3 +20,8 @@ binary_sensor:
     pin:
       pi4ioe5v6408: pi4ioe1
       number: 1
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: sensor1_int
+    pin:
+      pi4ioe5v6408: pi4ioe1_int
+      number: 1
diff --git a/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 9a4779d822a..a6eb3c1cb14 100644
--- a/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 substitutions:
   i2c_sda: GPIO21
   i2c_scl: GPIO22
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 3429a2952a3..cd6fef30421 100644
--- a/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/pi4ioe5v6408/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 substitutions:
   i2c_sda: GPIO4
   i2c_scl: GPIO5
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO2
 
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/time/common.yaml b/tests/components/time/common.yaml
index 465be045dbd..cd258c7aa6d 100644
--- a/tests/components/time/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/time/common.yaml
@@ -6,5 +6,9 @@ api:
 
 time:
   - platform: homeassistant
+    on_time:
+      - seconds: "0,10,20,30,40,50"
+        then:
+          - logger.log: "CronTrigger fired (every 10 seconds)"
   - platform: sntp
     id: sntp_time
diff --git a/tests/script/test_helpers.py b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
index 28f111d7587..948aabaa669 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ def test_get_all_dependencies_platform_component() -> None:
 
     with (
         patch("esphome.loader.get_component") as mock_get_component,
-        patch("helpers.get_platform") as mock_get_platform,
+        patch("esphome.loader.get_platform") as mock_get_platform,
     ):
         mock_get_platform.return_value = platform_comp
         mock_get_component.return_value = None
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ def test_get_all_dependencies_platform_component_with_dependencies() -> None:
 
     with (
         patch("esphome.loader.get_component") as mock_get_component,
-        patch("helpers.get_platform") as mock_get_platform,
+        patch("esphome.loader.get_platform") as mock_get_platform,
     ):
         mock_get_platform.return_value = platform_comp
         mock_get_component.side_effect = lambda name: (
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_time.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_time.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48988fb03f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_time.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""Tests for time component cron expression parsing."""
+
+from esphome.components.time import _parse_cron_part
+
+
+def test_star_slash_seconds() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("*/10", 0, 60, {}) == {0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60}
+
+
+def test_star_slash_minutes() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("*/5", 0, 59, {}) == {
+        0,
+        5,
+        10,
+        15,
+        20,
+        25,
+        30,
+        35,
+        40,
+        45,
+        50,
+        55,
+    }
+
+
+def test_star_slash_hours() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("*/2", 0, 23, {}) == {
+        0,
+        2,
+        4,
+        6,
+        8,
+        10,
+        12,
+        14,
+        16,
+        18,
+        20,
+        22,
+    }
+
+
+def test_star_slash_days_of_month() -> None:
+    """days_of_month starts at 1, not 0."""
+    assert _parse_cron_part("*/5", 1, 31, {}) == {1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31}
+
+
+def test_question_slash() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("?/10", 0, 60, {}) == {0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60}
+
+
+def test_empty_offset_slash() -> None:
+    """Empty offset defaults to min_value."""
+    assert _parse_cron_part("/10", 0, 60, {}) == {0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60}
+
+
+def test_empty_offset_slash_nonzero_min() -> None:
+    """Empty offset defaults to min_value, not 0."""
+    assert _parse_cron_part("/5", 1, 31, {}) == {1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31}
+
+
+def test_numeric_offset_slash() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("5/10", 0, 60, {}) == {5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55}
+
+
+def test_star() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("*", 0, 59, {}) == set(range(0, 60))
+
+
+def test_question() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("?", 0, 59, {}) == set(range(0, 60))
+
+
+def test_range() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("1-5", 0, 59, {}) == {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+
+
+def test_single_value() -> None:
+    assert _parse_cron_part("30", 0, 59, {}) == {30}