From c2a96ea293694126c9e43d8c56cf58130289221b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 10:54:53 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 001/108] Bump ruff from 0.15.6 to 0.15.7 (#14977)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements_test.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index acd8383a2fc..0d3f0671f54 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.6  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.7  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

From 902258b56e3401b1e2c3f439c22e6e6bf9ee84e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:11:06 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 002/108] [preferences] Compile out loop() when
 flash_write_interval is non-zero (#14943)

---
 esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py |  6 +++++-
 esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h    | 17 +++++++----------
 esphome/core/defines.h                     |  1 +
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py b/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
index c6bede891ab..c4268727282 100644
--- a/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/preferences/__init__.py
@@ -21,5 +21,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.PREFERENCES)
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    cg.add(var.set_write_interval(config[CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL]))
+    write_interval = config[CONF_FLASH_WRITE_INTERVAL]
+    if write_interval.total_milliseconds == 0:
+        cg.add_define("USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP")
+    else:
+        cg.add(var.set_write_interval(write_interval))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h b/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
index 96716d3f304..e28cc8c8d54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/preferences/syncer.h
@@ -8,24 +8,21 @@ namespace preferences {
 
 class IntervalSyncer final : public Component {
  public:
+#ifdef USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
+  void loop() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
+#else
   void set_write_interval(uint32_t write_interval) { this->write_interval_ = write_interval; }
   void setup() override {
-    if (this->write_interval_ != 0) {
-      set_interval(this->write_interval_, []() { global_preferences->sync(); });
-      // When using interval-based syncing, we don't need the loop
-      this->disable_loop();
-    }
-  }
-  void loop() override {
-    if (this->write_interval_ == 0) {
-      global_preferences->sync();
-    }
+    this->set_interval(this->write_interval_, []() { global_preferences->sync(); });
   }
+#endif
   void on_shutdown() override { global_preferences->sync(); }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
 
+#ifndef USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
  protected:
   uint32_t write_interval_{60000};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace preferences
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index c817f8ef27a..d94b7e9f5d2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@
 #define USE_NUMBER
 #define USE_OUTPUT
 #define USE_POWER_SUPPLY
+#define USE_PREFERENCES_SYNC_EVERY_LOOP
 #define USE_QR_CODE
 #define USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_SELECT

From a9cb7143dc262f09e4c73c04a0bac4c846ed109f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:11:17 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 003/108] [core] Inline calculate_looping_components_ into
 header (#14944)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp | 16 ----------------
 esphome/core/application.h   | 14 +++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 3a9e825e041..08df3854755 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -394,22 +394,6 @@ void Application::teardown_components(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
   }
 }
 
-void Application::calculate_looping_components_() {
-  // FixedVector capacity was pre-initialized by codegen with the exact count
-  // of components that override loop(), computed at C++ compile time.
-
-  // Add all components with loop override that aren't already LOOP_DONE
-  // Some components (like logger) may call disable_loop() during initialization
-  // before setup runs, so we need to respect their LOOP_DONE state
-  this->add_looping_components_by_state_(false);
-
-  this->looping_components_active_end_ = this->looping_components_.size();
-
-  // Then add any components that are already LOOP_DONE to the inactive section
-  // This handles components that called disable_loop() during initialization
-  this->add_looping_components_by_state_(true);
-}
-
 void Application::add_looping_components_by_state_(bool match_loop_done) {
   for (auto *obj : this->components_) {
     if (obj->has_overridden_loop() &&
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 23bb209eaf4..26abc154332 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -595,7 +595,19 @@ class Application {
 
   void register_component_impl_(Component *comp, bool has_loop);
 
-  void calculate_looping_components_();
+  void calculate_looping_components_() {
+    // FixedVector capacity was pre-initialized by codegen with the exact count
+    // of components that override loop(), computed at C++ compile time.
+
+    // Add all components with loop override that aren't already LOOP_DONE
+    // Some components (like logger) may call disable_loop() during initialization
+    // before setup runs, so we need to respect their LOOP_DONE state
+    this->add_looping_components_by_state_(false);
+    this->looping_components_active_end_ = this->looping_components_.size();
+    // Then add any components that are already LOOP_DONE to the inactive section
+    // This handles components that called disable_loop() during initialization
+    this->add_looping_components_by_state_(true);
+  }
   void add_looping_components_by_state_(bool match_loop_done);
 
   // These methods are called by Component::disable_loop() and Component::enable_loop()

From de177d24451f92b2233836e964d2b442981c50cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:11:49 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 004/108] [logger] Fix ESP8266 crash with VERY_VERBOSE log
 level (#14980)

---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py | 29 ++++++++++++++++++---------
 esphome/core/config.py                |  4 +++-
 esphome/coroutine.py                  | 10 +++++++--
 esphome/writer.py                     |  3 +++
 4 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 675f9a2ca4b..a5601e6a8f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 logger_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("logger")
@@ -323,12 +324,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.DIAGNOSTICS)
-async def to_code(config):
-    baud_rate = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.EARLY_INIT)
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    baud_rate: int = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
     level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_LOGGER, {})[CONF_LEVEL] = level
-    initial_level = LOG_LEVELS[config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL, level)]
     tx_buffer_size = config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE]
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE", tx_buffer_size)
     log = cg.new_Pvariable(
@@ -347,10 +347,23 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 HARDWARE_UART_TO_UART_SELECTION[config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART]]
             )
         )
-    # pre_setup() must be called before init_log_buffer() because
-    # init_log_buffer() calls disable_loop() which may log at VV level,
-    # and global_logger must be set before any logging occurs.
+    # pre_setup() sets global_logger and must run before any other code
+    # that may call ESP_LOG* (e.g. setup_preferences contains ESP_LOGVV).
     cg.add(log.pre_setup())
+    initial_level = LOG_LEVELS[config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL, level)]
+    cg.add(log.set_log_level(initial_level))
+
+    # Schedule the rest of logger setup at DIAGNOSTICS priority, after
+    # Application is constructed (CORE priority) but before most components.
+    CORE.add_job(_late_logger_init, config)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.DIAGNOSTICS)
+async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Finish logger setup after Application is constructed."""
+    log = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
+    baud_rate: int = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
     if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
         task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
@@ -363,8 +376,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
         cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(64))  # Fixed 64 slots for host
 
-    cg.add(log.set_log_level(initial_level))
-
     # Enable runtime tag levels if logs are configured or explicitly enabled
     logs_config = config[CONF_LOGS]
     if logs_config or config[CONF_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS]:
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index e112720f2b4..e02c6ec75f2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -587,7 +587,9 @@ async def _add_looping_components() -> None:
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    cg.add_global(cg.global_ns.namespace("esphome").using)
+    # using namespace esphome is hardcoded in writer.py to guarantee it
+    # precedes all variable declarations regardless of coroutine priority.
+
     # These can be used by user lambdas, put them to default scope
     # picolibc (IDF 6.0+) declares isnan in global scope, conflicting with using std::isnan
     cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement("#ifndef __PICOLIBC__"))
diff --git a/esphome/coroutine.py b/esphome/coroutine.py
index f5d512e510e..3ce94cc9791 100644
--- a/esphome/coroutine.py
+++ b/esphome/coroutine.py
@@ -63,7 +63,13 @@ class CoroPriority(enum.IntEnum):
     resolution during code generation.
     """
 
-    # Platform initialization - must run first
+    # Early init - runs before platform init and before Application exists.
+    # Currently used only to connect logging so ESP_LOG* calls work
+    # immediately in all subsequent phases.
+    # Examples: logger (1100)
+    EARLY_INIT = 1100
+
+    # Platform initialization
     # Examples: esp32, esp8266, rp2040
     PLATFORM = 1000
 
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ class CoroPriority(enum.IntEnum):
     CORE = 100
 
     # Diagnostic and debugging systems
-    # Examples: logger (90)
+    # Examples: debug component (90)
     DIAGNOSTICS = 90
 
     # Status and monitoring systems
diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index fd4c811fb35..69a35d00e34 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -381,7 +381,10 @@ def write_cpp(code_s):
         code_format = CPP_BASE_FORMAT
 
     copy_src_tree()
+    # using namespace esphome must precede all variable declarations since
+    # codegen types assume this namespace is in scope (esphome_ns = global_ns).
     global_s = '#include "esphome.h"\n'
+    global_s += "using namespace esphome;\n"
     global_s += CORE.cpp_global_section
 
     full_file = f"{code_format[0] + CPP_INCLUDE_BEGIN}\n{global_s}{CPP_INCLUDE_END}"

From 7ac001e994428e28f6c838c7b216527af6e2affd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:12:03 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 005/108] [mhz19] Fix unused function warning for
 detection_range_to_log_string (#14981)

---
 esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp b/esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp
index bccea7d423a..ff518808d9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x88};
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x10};
 
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
 static const LogString *detection_range_to_log_string(MHZ19DetectionRange range) {
   switch (range) {
     case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM:
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ static const LogString *detection_range_to_log_string(MHZ19DetectionRange range)
       return LOG_STR("default");
   }
 }
+#endif
 
 uint8_t mhz19_checksum(const uint8_t *command) {
   uint8_t sum = 0;

From 151f71e033988cef02905d6600f89f98fb0aff77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:12:15 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 006/108] [ci] Add libretiny and zephyr to memory impact
 platform filter (#14985)

---
 script/determine-jobs.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/script/determine-jobs.py b/script/determine-jobs.py
index 9f322387801..d94d472c9ed 100755
--- a/script/determine-jobs.py
+++ b/script/determine-jobs.py
@@ -111,11 +111,13 @@ PLATFORM_SPECIFIC_COMPONENTS = frozenset(
         "esp32",  # ESP32 platform implementation
         "esp8266",  # ESP8266 platform implementation
         "rp2040",  # Raspberry Pi Pico / RP2040 platform implementation
+        "libretiny",  # LibreTiny base platform implementation
         "bk72xx",  # Beken BK72xx platform implementation (uses LibreTiny)
         "rtl87xx",  # Realtek RTL87xx platform implementation (uses LibreTiny)
         "ln882x",  # Winner Micro LN882x platform implementation (uses LibreTiny)
         "host",  # Host platform (for testing on development machine)
         "nrf52",  # Nordic nRF52 platform implementation (uses Zephyr)
+        "zephyr",  # Zephyr RTOS platform implementation
     }
 )
 

From b02f0e3c5feb2112e82302ac543a77caee451b80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 11:39:10 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 007/108] [sdl] Fix get_width()/height() when rotation used
 (#14950)

---
 esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h   |  4 +--
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp
index f235e4e68cf..74ca2ce39a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,30 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace sdl {
 
+int Sdl::get_width() {
+  switch (this->rotation_) {
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES:
+      return this->get_height_internal();
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES:
+    default:
+      return this->get_width_internal();
+  }
+}
+
+int Sdl::get_height() {
+  switch (this->rotation_) {
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES:
+      return this->get_height_internal();
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES:
+    default:
+      return this->get_width_internal();
+  }
+}
+
 void Sdl::setup() {
   SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
   this->window_ = SDL_CreateWindow(App.get_name().c_str(), this->pos_x_, this->pos_y_, this->width_, this->height_,
@@ -49,6 +73,19 @@ void Sdl::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
   if (!this->get_clipping().inside(x, y))
     return;
 
+  if (this->rotation_ == display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES) {
+    x = this->width_ - x - 1;
+    y = this->height_ - y - 1;
+  } else if (this->rotation_ == display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES) {
+    auto tmp = x;
+    x = this->width_ - y - 1;
+    y = tmp;
+  } else if (this->rotation_ == display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES) {
+    auto tmp = y;
+    y = this->height_ - x - 1;
+    x = tmp;
+  }
+
   SDL_Rect rect{x, y, 1, 1};
   auto data = (display::ColorUtil::color_to_565(color, display::COLOR_ORDER_RGB));
   SDL_UpdateTexture(this->texture_, &rect, &data, 2);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h
index c025e8ff6e9..ce34cb817e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class Sdl : public display::Display {
     this->pos_x_ = pos_x;
     this->pos_y_ = pos_y;
   }
-  int get_width() override { return this->width_; }
-  int get_height() override { return this->height_; }
+  int get_width() override;
+  int get_height() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
   void dump_config() override { LOG_DISPLAY("", "SDL", this); }
   template<typename F> void add_key_listener(int32_t keycode, F &&callback) {

From 7df550f2a9a9049e742496298f94c9a6bb46cf9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 11:52:52 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 008/108] Ensure lvgl libs available when editing for host
 (#14987)

---
 .clang-tidy.hash | 2 +-
 platformio.ini   | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index 72023e511db..c32978d4111 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-44c877ff43765562ac8298902bf2208799643b77facf09c1c0c3c8c4e17187eb
+9f5d763f95ff720024f3fdddba2fad3801e2bfe00b7cc2124e6d68c17d3504c6
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index c5a4c630dff..d3a482b652b 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -546,6 +546,7 @@ extends = common
 platform = platformio/native
 lib_deps =
     esphome/noise-c@0.1.11  ; used by api
+    lvgl/lvgl@9.5.0         ; lvgl
 build_flags =
     ${common.build_flags}
     -DUSE_HOST

From 6e87f8eb4e350f4a7bbcb0d6dd6fc3c8d9d2b11e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kent Gibson <warthog618@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 10:06:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 009/108] [template] alarm_control_panel collapse
 SensorDataStore and bypassed_sensor_indicies into SensorInfo (#14852)

Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 .../template_alarm_control_panel.cpp          | 51 ++++++++++---------
 .../template_alarm_control_panel.h            | 24 ++++-----
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp b/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp
index 651aa3c489e..a224ab84599 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp
@@ -16,17 +16,15 @@ static const char *const TAG = "template.alarm_control_panel";
 TemplateAlarmControlPanel::TemplateAlarmControlPanel(){};
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::add_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor, uint16_t flags, AlarmSensorType type) {
-  // Save the flags and type. Assign a store index for the per sensor data type.
-  SensorDataStore sd;
-  sd.last_chime_state = false;
+void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::add_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor, uint8_t flags, AlarmSensorType type) {
+  // Save the sensor pointer, flags, and type in the per-sensor info structure.
   AlarmSensor alarm_sensor;
   alarm_sensor.sensor = sensor;
   alarm_sensor.info.flags = flags;
   alarm_sensor.info.type = type;
-  alarm_sensor.info.store_index = this->next_store_index_++;
+  alarm_sensor.info.chime_active = false;
+  alarm_sensor.info.auto_bypassed = false;
   this->sensors_.push_back(alarm_sensor);
-  this->sensor_data_.push_back(sd);
 };
 
 // Alarm sensor type strings indexed by AlarmSensorType enum (0-3): DELAYED, INSTANT, DELAYED_FOLLOWER, INSTANT_ALWAYS
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::dump_config() {
                 (this->trigger_time_ / 1000), this->get_supported_features());
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   for (const auto &alarm_sensor : this->sensors_) {
-    const uint16_t flags = alarm_sensor.info.flags;
+    const uint8_t flags = alarm_sensor.info.flags;
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "  Binary Sensor:\n"
                   "    Name: %s\n"
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::loop() {
       delay = this->arming_night_time_;
     }
     if ((millis() - this->last_update_) > delay) {
-      this->bypass_before_arming();
+      this->auto_bypass_sensors_();
       this->publish_state(this->desired_state_);
     }
     return;
@@ -117,26 +115,25 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::loop() {
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   // Test all of the sensors regardless of the alarm panel state
-  for (const auto &alarm_sensor : this->sensors_) {
-    const auto &info = alarm_sensor.info;
+  for (auto &alarm_sensor : this->sensors_) {
+    auto &info = alarm_sensor.info;
     auto *sensor = alarm_sensor.sensor;
     // Check for chime zones
     if (info.flags & BINARY_SENSOR_MODE_CHIME) {
       // Look for the transition from closed to open
-      if ((!this->sensor_data_[info.store_index].last_chime_state) && (sensor->state)) {
+      if ((!info.chime_active) && (sensor->state)) {
         // Must be disarmed to chime
         if (this->current_state_ == ACP_STATE_DISARMED) {
           this->chime_callback_.call();
         }
       }
       // Record the sensor state change
-      this->sensor_data_[info.store_index].last_chime_state = sensor->state;
+      info.chime_active = sensor->state;
     }
     // Check for faulted sensors
     if (sensor->state) {
       // Skip if auto bypassed
-      if (std::count(this->bypassed_sensor_indicies_.begin(), this->bypassed_sensor_indicies_.end(),
-                     info.store_index) == 1) {
+      if (info.auto_bypassed) {
         continue;
       }
       // Skip if bypass armed home
@@ -239,23 +236,33 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::arm_(optional<std::string> code, alarm_control_p
   if (delay > 0) {
     this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_ARMING);
   } else {
-    this->bypass_before_arming();
+    this->auto_bypass_sensors_();
     this->publish_state(state);
   }
 }
 
-void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::bypass_before_arming() {
+void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::auto_bypass_sensors_() {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  for (const auto &alarm_sensor : this->sensors_) {
+  for (auto &alarm_sensor : this->sensors_) {
+    auto &info = alarm_sensor.info;
+    auto *sensor = alarm_sensor.sensor;
     // Check for faulted bypass_auto sensors and remove them from monitoring
-    if ((alarm_sensor.info.flags & BINARY_SENSOR_MODE_BYPASS_AUTO) && (alarm_sensor.sensor->state)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' is faulted and will be automatically bypassed", alarm_sensor.sensor->get_name().c_str());
-      this->bypassed_sensor_indicies_.push_back(alarm_sensor.info.store_index);
+    if ((info.flags & BINARY_SENSOR_MODE_BYPASS_AUTO) && (sensor->state)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' is faulted and will be automatically bypassed", sensor->get_name().c_str());
+      info.auto_bypassed = true;
     }
   }
 #endif
 }
 
+void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::clear_auto_bypassed_sensors_() {
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  for (auto &alarm_sensor : this->sensors_) {
+    alarm_sensor.info.auto_bypassed = false;
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
 void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::control(const AlarmControlPanelCall &call) {
   auto opt_state = call.get_state();
   if (opt_state) {
@@ -273,9 +280,7 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::control(const AlarmControlPanelCall &call) {
       }
       this->desired_state_ = ACP_STATE_DISARMED;
       this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_DISARMED);
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-      this->bypassed_sensor_indicies_.clear();
-#endif
+      this->clear_auto_bypassed_sensors_();
     } else if (state == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED) {
       this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED);
     } else if (state == ACP_STATE_PENDING) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.h b/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.h
index 4f32e99fd7b..57a99f2830e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.h
+++ b/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 namespace esphome::template_ {
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-enum BinarySensorFlags : uint16_t {
+enum BinarySensorFlags : uint8_t {
   BINARY_SENSOR_MODE_NORMAL = 1 << 0,
   BINARY_SENSOR_MODE_BYPASS_ARMED_HOME = 1 << 1,
   BINARY_SENSOR_MODE_BYPASS_ARMED_NIGHT = 1 << 2,
@@ -41,14 +41,11 @@ enum TemplateAlarmControlPanelRestoreMode {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-struct SensorDataStore {
-  bool last_chime_state;
-};
-
 struct SensorInfo {
-  uint16_t flags;
+  uint8_t flags;
   AlarmSensorType type;
-  uint8_t store_index;
+  bool chime_active;
+  bool auto_bypassed;
 };
 
 struct AlarmSensor {
@@ -68,7 +65,9 @@ class TemplateAlarmControlPanel final : public alarm_control_panel::AlarmControl
   bool get_requires_code_to_arm() const override { return this->requires_code_to_arm_; }
   bool get_all_sensors_ready() { return this->sensors_ready_; };
   void set_restore_mode(TemplateAlarmControlPanelRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode_ = restore_mode; }
-  void bypass_before_arming();
+  // Remove before 2026.10.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("bypass_before_arming() is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
+  void bypass_before_arming() { this->auto_bypass_sensors_(); }
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   /** Initialize the sensors vector with the specified capacity.
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ class TemplateAlarmControlPanel final : public alarm_control_panel::AlarmControl
    * @param flags The OR of BinarySensorFlags for the sensor.
    * @param type The sensor type which determines its triggering behaviour.
    */
-  void add_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor, uint16_t flags = 0,
+  void add_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor, uint8_t flags = 0,
                   AlarmSensorType type = ALARM_SENSOR_TYPE_DELAYED);
 #endif
 
@@ -141,11 +140,6 @@ class TemplateAlarmControlPanel final : public alarm_control_panel::AlarmControl
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   // List of binary sensors with their alarm-specific info
   FixedVector<AlarmSensor> sensors_;
-  // a list of automatically bypassed sensors
-  std::vector<uint8_t> bypassed_sensor_indicies_;
-  // Per sensor data store
-  std::vector<SensorDataStore> sensor_data_;
-  uint8_t next_store_index_ = 0;
 #endif
   TemplateAlarmControlPanelRestoreMode restore_mode_{};
 
@@ -170,6 +164,8 @@ class TemplateAlarmControlPanel final : public alarm_control_panel::AlarmControl
   bool is_code_valid_(optional<std::string> code);
 
   void arm_(optional<std::string> code, alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelState state, uint32_t delay);
+  void auto_bypass_sensors_();
+  void clear_auto_bypassed_sensors_();
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::template_

From 02ada93ea5aeb5cee2eb79dff8853269331981ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 18:40:33 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 010/108] [wifi] Reject WiFi config on RP2040/RP2350 boards
 without CYW43 chip (#14990)

---
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py         | 18 ++++++++
 esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py           | 10 +++++
 esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py  |  8 +++-
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py           |  8 ++++
 .../components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py | 45 +++++++++++++++++--
 5 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 71e5f1488cb..0bb18110693 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, read_file, write_file_if_changed
 
+from . import boards
 from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_PIO_FILES, KEY_RP2040, rp2040_ns
 
 # force import gpio to register pin schema
@@ -35,6 +36,23 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 
 
+def get_board() -> str:
+    """Return the configured board name."""
+    return CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
+
+
+def board_has_wifi() -> bool:
+    """Return True if the configured board has WiFi (CYW43 wireless chip).
+
+    Returns True for unknown/custom boards to avoid rejecting valid
+    configurations for boards not in the generated list.
+    """
+    board_info = boards.BOARDS.get(get_board())
+    if board_info is None:
+        return True
+    return board_info.get("wifi", False)
+
+
 def set_core_data(config):
     CORE.data[KEY_RP2040] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
index c99934567a1..aac12eae5ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
@@ -1910,6 +1910,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "pimoroni_plasma2040": {
@@ -1926,6 +1927,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
     },
     "pimoroni_servo2040": {
         "name": "Pimoroni Servo2040",
@@ -1976,12 +1978,14 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "rpipicow": {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico W",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "sea_picro": {
@@ -2013,6 +2017,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Soldered Electronics NULA RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
     },
     "solderparty_rp2040_stamp": {
         "name": "Solder Party RP2040 Stamp",
@@ -2038,6 +2043,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "SparkFun IoT RedBoard RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
     },
     "sparkfun_micromodrp2040": {
         "name": "SparkFun MicroMod RP2040",
@@ -2063,18 +2069,21 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2350",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "sparkfun_xrp_controller": {
         "name": "SparkFun XRP Controller",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "sparkfun_xrp_controller_beta": {
         "name": "SparkFun XRP Controller (Beta)",
         "mcu": "rp2040",
         "max_pin": 29,
+        "wifi": True,
         "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "upesy_rp2040_devkit": {
@@ -2161,6 +2170,7 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Waveshare RP2350B Plus W",
         "mcu": "rp2350",
         "max_pin": 47,
+        "wifi": True,
     },
     "wiznet_5100s_evb_pico": {
         "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico",
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
index 7ea02d185e9..8af261396cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
@@ -78,11 +78,17 @@ def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
 
         display_name = f"{vendor} {name}".strip() if vendor else name
 
-        boards[board_name] = {
+        extra_flags = build.get("extra_flags", "")
+        has_wifi = "PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1" in extra_flags
+
+        board_entry: dict = {
             "name": display_name,
             "mcu": mcu,
             "max_pin": MCU_MAX_PIN.get(mcu, DEFAULT_MAX_PIN),
         }
+        if has_wifi:
+            board_entry["wifi"] = True
+        boards[board_name] = board_entry
 
         # Get pins for this variant
         if variant not in variant_pins_cache:
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 9f73b1cc6f5..33557f03c75 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -235,6 +235,14 @@ def validate_variant(_):
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
         if variant in NO_WIFI_VARIANTS and "esp32_hosted" not in fv.full_config.get():
             raise cv.Invalid(f"WiFi requires component esp32_hosted on {variant}")
+    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+        from esphome.components.rp2040 import board_has_wifi, get_board
+
+        if not board_has_wifi():
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Board '{get_board()}' does not have WiFi support (no CYW43 wireless chip). "
+                f"Use a WiFi-capable board like 'rpipicow' or 'rpipico2w'."
+            )
 
 
 def _apply_min_auth_mode_default(config):
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
index 2e40ed08ba1..551e88f6f6f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ def _add_board(
     vendor: str = "",
     name: str | None = None,
     pins_header: str | None = None,
+    extra_flags: str = "",
 ) -> None:
     """Add a board JSON and variant to the fake arduino-pico tree."""
     if variant is None:
@@ -69,11 +70,15 @@ def _add_board(
     json_dir = arduino_pico / "tools" / "json"
     variants_dir = arduino_pico / "variants"
 
+    build: dict = {
+        "mcu": mcu,
+        "variant": variant,
+    }
+    if extra_flags:
+        build["extra_flags"] = extra_flags
+
     board_json = {
-        "build": {
-            "mcu": mcu,
-            "variant": variant,
-        },
+        "build": build,
         "name": name,
         "vendor": vendor,
     }
@@ -271,3 +276,35 @@ def test_placeholder_pins_not_treated_as_virtual(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
 
     assert "MISO" not in board_pins["badpin"]
     assert boards["badpin"]["max_virtual_pin"] == 64
+
+
+def test_cyw43_supported_flag_sets_wifi(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Boards with PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1 in extra_flags should have wifi=True."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipicow",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico W",
+        pins_header=PICOW_PINS_HEADER,
+        extra_flags="-DARDUINO_RASPBERRY_PI_PICO_W -DPICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1 -DCYW43_PIN_WL_DYNAMIC=1",
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["rpipicow"]["wifi"] is True
+
+
+def test_board_without_cyw43_has_no_wifi(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Boards without PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED should not have wifi field."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+        extra_flags="-DARDUINO_RASPBERRY_PI_PICO",
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "wifi" not in boards["rpipico"]

From d59c006ff9067c8f7b6a439548f5ee0ef0c85e43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 20:56:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 011/108] [uart] Fix UART0 default pin IOMUX loopback on ESP32
 (#14978)

---
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           | 33 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 47ddf1a38d7..8168e49805a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "driver/gpio.h"
+#include "esp_private/gpio.h"
 #include "soc/gpio_num.h"
+#include "soc/uart_pins.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
@@ -21,6 +23,20 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uart.idf";
 
+/// Check if a pin number matches one of the default UART0 GPIO pins.
+/// These pins may have residual IOMUX state from the ROM bootloader that
+/// must be cleared before UART reconfiguration.
+///
+/// ESP-IDF's uart_set_pin() has an asymmetry: when routing TX via GPIO matrix,
+/// it calls gpio_func_sel(PIN_FUNC_GPIO) to clear IOMUX, but for RX it only
+/// calls gpio_input_enable() which does NOT clear the IOMUX function select.
+/// If a default UART0 TX pin (configured as TX via IOMUX during boot) is later
+/// reassigned as RX via GPIO matrix, the old IOMUX TX function remains active,
+/// causing TX data to loop back into RX on the same pin.
+static constexpr bool is_default_uart0_pin(int8_t pin_num) {
+  return pin_num == U0TXD_GPIO_NUM || pin_num == U0RXD_GPIO_NUM;
+}
+
 uart_config_t IDFUARTComponent::get_config_() {
   uart_parity_t parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE;
   if (this->parity_ == UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN) {
@@ -131,6 +147,19 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     return;
   }
 
+  int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+  int8_t rx = this->rx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->rx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+  int8_t flow_control = this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr ? this->flow_control_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+
+  // Clear residual IOMUX function on UART0 default pins left by the ROM bootloader.
+  // See is_default_uart0_pin() comment for details on the ESP-IDF uart_set_pin() bug.
+  if (is_default_uart0_pin(tx)) {
+    gpio_func_sel(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(tx), PIN_FUNC_GPIO);
+  }
+  if (is_default_uart0_pin(rx)) {
+    gpio_func_sel(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(rx), PIN_FUNC_GPIO);
+  }
+
   auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
     if (!pin) {
       return;
@@ -146,10 +175,6 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     setup_pin_if_needed(this->tx_pin_);
   }
 
-  int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-  int8_t rx = this->rx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->rx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-  int8_t flow_control = this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr ? this->flow_control_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-
   uint32_t invert = 0;
   if (this->tx_pin_ != nullptr && this->tx_pin_->is_inverted()) {
     invert |= UART_SIGNAL_TXD_INV;

From 12b3aec5672312332c77eaf184f64b2ec32e74a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Roehrenbeck <kroehre@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:11:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 012/108] [ld2450] Fix zone target counts including untracked
 ghost targets (#15026)

---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 0a1147c9240..6230a8c30bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -530,10 +530,11 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     }
 #endif
 
-    // Store target info for zone target count
-    this->target_info_[index].x = tx;
-    this->target_info_[index].y = ty;
-    this->target_info_[index].is_moving = is_moving;
+    // Store target info for zone target count. Zero out untracked targets (td==0)
+    // so stale coordinates don't produce ghost counts in count_targets_in_zone_().
+    this->target_info_[index].x = (td > 0) ? tx : 0;
+    this->target_info_[index].y = (td > 0) ? ty : 0;
+    this->target_info_[index].is_moving = (td > 0) && is_moving;
 
   }  // End loop thru targets
 

From 5a9977cf5c1ff918f6c20e2281301f82ed253ecd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Javier Peletier <jpeletier@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 21:35:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 013/108] [lvgl] Fix arc indicator widget not registered in
 widget_map (#14986)

---
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py |  2 +-
 tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml  | 12 +++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
index d45371b3a76..63cc645f221 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ class MeterType(WidgetType):
                     lv.scale_section_set_style(
                         tvar, LV_PART.MAIN, await arc_style.get_var()
                     )
-                    lw = Widget(tvar, arc_indicator_type)
+                    lw = Widget.create(iid, tvar, arc_indicator_type)
                     await set_indicator_values(lw, v)
 
                 if t == CONF_TICK_STYLE:
diff --git a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
index 7d96b12a019..606f57d6a11 100644
--- a/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml
@@ -37,7 +37,11 @@ lvgl:
   on_resume:
     logger.log: LVGL has resumed
   on_boot:
-    logger.log: LVGL has started
+    - logger.log: LVGL has started
+    - lvgl.indicator.update:
+        id: meter_arc_indicator
+        start_value: 0
+        end_value: 180
   bg_color: light_blue
   disp_bg_color: color_id
   disp_bg_image: cat_image
@@ -1110,6 +1114,12 @@ lvgl:
                                 color: 0xA0A0A0
                                 length: 80%
                                 opa: 0%
+                            - arc:
+                                id: meter_arc_indicator
+                                color: 0xFF0000
+                                width: 6
+                                start_value: 0
+                                end_value: 360
     - id: page3
       layout: Horizontal
       pad_all: 6px

From 7257bed1e95ddc4bde5a9c61d83a93b57c88566a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 10:41:20 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 014/108] Bump CodSpeedHQ/action from 4.11.1 to 4.12.1 (#15024)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ead87ad0874..965e23870d6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "binary=$BINARY" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@281164b0f014a4e7badd2c02cecad9b595b70537 # v4
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@1c8ae4843586d3ba879736b7f6b7b0c990757fab # v4
         with:
           run: ${{ steps.build.outputs.binary }}
           mode: simulation

From a3fd1d5d00714968e630ec692893752b3d16e2e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 10:41:45 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 015/108] Bump github/codeql-action from 4.33.0 to 4.34.1
 (#15023)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 2ef1a5af314..6baab70b427 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@b1bff81932f5cdfc8695c7752dcee935dcd061c8 # v4.33.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@38697555549f1db7851b81482ff19f1fa5c4fedc # v4.34.1
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@b1bff81932f5cdfc8695c7752dcee935dcd061c8 # v4.33.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@38697555549f1db7851b81482ff19f1fa5c4fedc # v4.34.1
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

From 9e7cdaf4758ff997cf5f385946aab97c992213f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 11:10:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 016/108] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.6.1 to 44.6.2 (#15027)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 9e2f4efe3e9..10e56c3b49d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.6.1
+aioesphomeapi==44.6.2
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 896b6ec8c9acd581a2d95d66ea00b9d617ad36ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:06:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 017/108] [api] Increase noise handshake timeout to 60s for
 slow WiFi environments (#15022)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index d55b5dffb6a..40c27b224b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,11 @@ static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS *
 // A stalled handshake from a buggy client or network glitch holds a connection
 // slot, which can prevent legitimate clients from reconnecting. Also hardens
 // against the less likely case of intentional connection slot exhaustion.
-static constexpr uint32_t HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
+//
+// 60s is intentionally high: on ESP8266 with power_save_mode: LIGHT and weak
+// WiFi (-70 dBm+), TCP retransmissions push real-world handshake times to
+// 28-30s. See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14999
+static constexpr uint32_t HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
 
 static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
 

From 5e516e78e43e7b9b61fb334f5832ac671ec20b74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:13:49 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 018/108] [wifi] Fix ESP8266 power_save_mode mapping
 (LIGHT/HIGH were swapped) (#15029)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 0bf7934878a..5514f1c6be5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -92,13 +92,23 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_mode_(optional<bool> sta, optional<bool> ap) {
   return ret;
 }
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_power_save_() {
+  // ESP8266 sleep types have confusing names — LIGHT_SLEEP_T is the MORE aggressive mode.
+  // SDK enum: NONE_SLEEP_T=0, LIGHT_SLEEP_T=1, MODEM_SLEEP_T=2
+  //   https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/3.1.2/tools/sdk/include/user_interface.h#L447-L451
+  // Arduino ESP32 compat confirms: WIFI_PS_MIN_MODEM=MODEM_SLEEP, WIFI_PS_MAX_MODEM=LIGHT_SLEEP
+  //   https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/3.1.2/libraries/ESP8266WiFi/src/ESP8266WiFiType.h#L53-L55
   sleep_type_t power_save;
   switch (this->power_save_) {
     case WIFI_POWER_SAVE_LIGHT:
-      power_save = LIGHT_SLEEP_T;
+      // MODEM_SLEEP_T: only the WiFi modem sleeps between DTIM beacons, CPU stays active.
+      // Matches ESP32's WIFI_PS_MIN_MODEM.
+      power_save = MODEM_SLEEP_T;
       break;
     case WIFI_POWER_SAVE_HIGH:
-      power_save = MODEM_SLEEP_T;
+      // LIGHT_SLEEP_T: both WiFi modem AND CPU suspend between DTIM beacons.
+      // Most aggressive — prevents TCP processing during sleep. Matches ESP32's WIFI_PS_MAX_MODEM.
+      // See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14999
+      power_save = LIGHT_SLEEP_T;
       break;
     case WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE:
     default:

From ed8c062d9fc688e97758e702fb743d966334db5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 19:53:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 019/108] [esp32_touch] Fix initial state never published when
 sensor untouched (#15032)

---
 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
index e7124ce92f9..0d331b29d60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
@@ -360,11 +360,16 @@ void ESP32TouchComponent::loop() {
   }
 
   // Publish initial OFF state for sensors that haven't received events yet
+  bool all_initial_published = true;
   for (auto *child : this->children_) {
     this->publish_initial_state_if_needed_(child, now);
+    if (!child->initial_state_published_) {
+      all_initial_published = false;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (!this->setup_mode_) {
+  // Only disable loop once all initial states are published
+  if (!this->setup_mode_ && all_initial_published) {
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 }

From 0b01f9fc42aa7e848dfbab78500d8ba97778dc29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 13:57:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 020/108] [web_server] Increase httpd task stack size to
 prevent stack overflow (#14997)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index 60816fc6dd2..fb0c17c854d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,10 @@ void AsyncWebServer::begin() {
   if (this->server_) {
     this->end();
   }
+  // Default httpd stack is defined by ESP-IDF. Increase to accommodate SerializationBuffer's
+  // 640-byte stack buffer used by web_server JSON request handlers.
   httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
+  config.stack_size = config.stack_size + 256;
   config.server_port = this->port_;
   config.uri_match_fn = [](const char * /*unused*/, const char * /*unused*/, size_t /*unused*/) { return true; };
   // Always enable LRU purging to handle socket exhaustion gracefully.

From 8fa2e75afaacb55d6b8aaa3ca49f746789ab8b83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 13:58:02 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 021/108] [core] Add copy() method to StringRef for std::string
 compatibility (#15028)

---
 esphome/core/string_ref.h | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/core/string_ref.h b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
index 60472027530..34ba2474b2a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/string_ref.h
+++ b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
@@ -76,6 +76,15 @@ class StringRef {
   constexpr bool empty() const { return len_ == 0; }
   constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const { return *(base_ + pos); }
 
+  /// Copy characters to destination buffer (std::string::copy-like, but returns 0 instead of throwing on out-of-range)
+  size_type copy(char *dest, size_type count, size_type pos = 0) const {
+    if (pos >= len_)
+      return 0;
+    size_type actual = (count > len_ - pos) ? len_ - pos : count;
+    std::memcpy(dest, base_ + pos, actual);
+    return actual;
+  }
+
   std::string str() const { return std::string(base_, len_); }
   const uint8_t *byte() const { return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(base_); }
 

From a9a8f4cb3bf9f304abcd872995dc91aa988859ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 13:58:14 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 022/108] [time] Fix timezone_offset() and
 recalc_timestamp_local() always returning UTC (#14996)

---
 esphome/core/time.cpp | 16 ++++++----------
 esphome/core/time.h   |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/time.cpp b/esphome/core/time.cpp
index 73ba0a9be7b..6add82e7d14 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/time.cpp
@@ -283,19 +283,15 @@ void ESPTime::recalc_timestamp_local() {
   bool dst_valid = time::is_in_dst(utc_if_dst, tz);
   bool std_valid = !time::is_in_dst(utc_if_std, tz);
 
-  if (dst_valid && std_valid) {
-    // Ambiguous time (repeated hour during fall-back) - prefer standard time
-    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
-  } else if (dst_valid) {
+  if (dst_valid && !std_valid) {
     // Only DST interpretation is valid
     this->timestamp = utc_if_dst;
-  } else if (std_valid) {
-    // Only standard interpretation is valid
-    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
   } else {
-    // Invalid time (skipped hour during spring-forward)
-    // libc normalizes forward: 02:30 CST -> 08:30 UTC -> 03:30 CDT
-    // Using std offset achieves this since the UTC result falls during DST
+    // All other cases use standard offset:
+    // - Both valid (ambiguous fall-back repeated hour): prefer standard time
+    // - Only standard valid: straightforward
+    // - Neither valid (spring-forward skipped hour): std offset normalizes
+    //   forward to match libc mktime(), e.g. 02:30 CST -> 03:30 CDT
     this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
   }
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index 874f0db4b4a..1716c51ffd5 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>

From 2d39cc2540e877f7bec755b74c2cdf60e625c6b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Kent <129895318+danielkent-net@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 20:38:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 023/108] [spa06_i2c] Add SPA06-003 Temperature and Pressure
 Sensor - I2C support (Part 2 of 3) (#14522)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |  1 +
 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/__init__.py      |  0
 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py        | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.cpp    | 14 +++++++++++
 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h      | 20 ++++++++++++++++
 tests/components/spa06_i2c/common.yaml        | 15 ++++++++++++
 .../components/spa06_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml  |  4 ++++
 .../spa06_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml           |  4 ++++
 .../components/spa06_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml |  4 ++++
 9 files changed, 85 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/spa06_i2c/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 5869925d7c7..e3e09cbc113 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -458,6 +458,7 @@ esphome/components/socket/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sonoff_d1/* @anatoly-savchenkov
 esphome/components/sound_level/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/spa06_base/* @danielkent-net
+esphome/components/spa06_i2c/* @danielkent-net
 esphome/components/speaker/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/media_player/* @kahrendt @synesthesiam
 esphome/components/speaker_source/* @kahrendt
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b48a5bca505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+
+from ..spa06_base import CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE, to_code_base
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["spa06_base"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@danielkent-net"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+spa06_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("spa06_i2c")
+SPA06I2CComponent = spa06_ns.class_(
+    "SPA06I2CComponent", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE.extend(
+    i2c.i2c_device_schema(default_address=0x77)
+).extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SPA06I2CComponent)})
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await to_code_base(config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4970b0822d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "spa06_i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::spa06_i2c {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "spa06_i2c";
+
+void SPA06I2CComponent::dump_config() {
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  SPA06Component::dump_config();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::spa06_i2c
diff --git a/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b4bce3a4ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/spa06_i2c/spa06_i2c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/components/spa06_base/spa06_base.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome::spa06_i2c {
+
+class SPA06I2CComponent : public spa06_base::SPA06Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  bool spa_read_byte(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t *data) override { return read_byte(a_register, data); }
+  bool spa_write_byte(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t data) override { return write_byte(a_register, data); }
+  bool spa_read_bytes(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    return read_bytes(a_register, data, len);
+  }
+  bool spa_write_bytes(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
+    return write_bytes(a_register, data, len);
+  }
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::spa06_i2c
diff --git a/tests/components/spa06_i2c/common.yaml b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d2be0e3ac97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: spa06_i2c
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x77
+    temperature:
+      id: spa06_i2c_temperature
+      name: Outside Temperature
+      sample_rate: 1
+      oversampling: NONE
+    pressure:
+      name: Outside Pressure
+      id: spa06_i2c_pressure
+      sample_rate: 25p4
+      oversampling: 16X
+    update_interval: 15s
diff --git a/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b47e39c3898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4a98b9388ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..319a7c71a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

From 12ead0408ab97d21f2d01fc691db2baed7a99d9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:00:56 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 024/108] [gpio] Use constexpr uint32_t timer ID for interlock
 timeout (#15010)

---
 esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp
index 9043a6a493e..d461fab051d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace gpio {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "switch.gpio";
+static constexpr uint32_t INTERLOCK_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
 
 float GPIOSwitch::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 void GPIOSwitch::setup() {
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ void GPIOSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
       }
     }
     if (found && this->interlock_wait_time_ != 0) {
-      this->set_timeout("interlock", this->interlock_wait_time_, [this, state] {
+      this->set_timeout(INTERLOCK_TIMEOUT_ID, this->interlock_wait_time_, [this, state] {
         // Don't write directly, call the function again
         // (some other switch may have changed state while we were waiting)
         this->write_state(state);
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ void GPIOSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   } else if (this->interlock_wait_time_ != 0) {
     // If we are switched off during the interlock wait time, cancel any pending
     // re-activations
-    this->cancel_timeout("interlock");
+    this->cancel_timeout(INTERLOCK_TIMEOUT_ID);
   }
 
   this->pin_->digital_write(state);

From 391ffe34f87158a0b308634018be3a03ac33814a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:01:11 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 025/108] [rp2040] Fix get_mac_address_raw to use ethernet MAC
 when WiFi unavailable (#15033)

---
 esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
index ad69192af97..e360b45ebbb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <pico/cyw43_arch.h>  // For cyw43_arch_lwip_begin/end (LwIPLock)
 #elif defined(USE_ETHERNET)
 #include <LwipEthernet.h>  // For ethernet_arch_lwip_begin/end (LwIPLock)
+#include "esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h"
 #endif
 #include <hardware/structs/rosc.h>
 #include <hardware/sync.h>
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() {}
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
   WiFi.macAddress(mac);
+#elif defined(USE_ETHERNET)
+  ethernet::global_eth_component->get_eth_mac_address_raw(mac);
 #endif
 }
 

From 51335e88301d8ae4f6872cb8546c799ef300f964 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:01:30 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 026/108] [ledc] Fix deprecated intr_type warning on ESP-IDF
 6.0+ (#15009)

---
 esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
index d2f2d72acb9..5b7b6c7ee63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,9 @@ void LEDCOutput::setup() {
   chan_conf.gpio_num = static_cast<gpio_num_t>(this->pin_->get_pin());
   chan_conf.speed_mode = speed_mode;
   chan_conf.channel = chan_num;
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
   chan_conf.intr_type = LEDC_INTR_DISABLE;
+#endif
   chan_conf.timer_sel = timer_num;
   chan_conf.duty = this->inverted_ == this->pin_->is_inverted() ? 0 : (1U << this->bit_depth_);
   chan_conf.hpoint = hpoint;

From edf5542559a4868c57df319ad89e4a7ebe829658 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:05:17 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 027/108] [analyze-memory] Attribute extern C symbols to
 components via source file mapping (#15006)

---
 esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py | 125 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/analyze_memory/const.py    |   1 -
 2 files changed, 125 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py
index 7954c228224..48ecf2c1dc3 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         self._cswtch_symbols: list[tuple[str, int, str, str]] = []
         # Library symbol mapping: symbol_name -> library_name
         self._lib_symbol_map: dict[str, str] = {}
+        # Source file symbol mapping: symbol_name -> component_name
+        # Used for extern "C" and other symbols without C++ namespace
+        self._source_symbol_map: dict[str, str] = {}
         # Library dir to name mapping: "lib641" -> "espsoftwareserial",
         # "espressif__mdns" -> "mdns"
         self._lib_hash_to_name: dict[str, str] = {}
@@ -214,6 +217,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         self._parse_sections()
         self._parse_symbols()
         self._scan_libraries()
+        self._scan_source_symbols()
         self._categorize_symbols()
         self._analyze_cswtch_symbols()
         self._analyze_sdk_libraries()
@@ -363,6 +367,11 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         if lib_name := self._lib_symbol_map.get(symbol_name):
             return f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_LIB}{lib_name}"
 
+        # Check source file mapping (catches extern "C" functions in ESPHome sources)
+        # Must be before heuristic patterns since source attribution is authoritative
+        if component := self._source_symbol_map.get(symbol_name):
+            return component
+
         # Check against symbol patterns
         for component, patterns in SYMBOL_PATTERNS.items():
             if any(pattern in symbol_name for pattern in patterns):
@@ -653,6 +662,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
             return None
 
         symbol_map: dict[str, str] = {}
+        source_symbol_map: dict[str, str] = {}
         current_symbol: str | None = None
         section_prefixes = (".text.", ".rodata.", ".data.", ".bss.", ".literal.")
 
@@ -688,9 +698,18 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
                     if dir_key in source_path:
                         symbol_map[current_symbol] = lib_name
                         break
+                else:
+                    # Map ESPHome source files to components for extern "C"
+                    # and other symbols without C++ namespace
+                    component = self._source_file_to_component(source_path)
+                    if component.startswith(
+                        (_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME, _COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL)
+                    ):
+                        source_symbol_map[current_symbol] = component
 
             current_symbol = None
 
+        self._source_symbol_map = source_symbol_map
         return symbol_map or None
 
     def _scan_libraries(self) -> None:
@@ -741,6 +760,112 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
             len(libraries),
         )
 
+    def _scan_source_symbols(self) -> None:
+        """Scan ESPHome source object files to map extern "C" symbols to components.
+
+        When no linker map file is available, this uses ``nm`` to scan ``.o`` files
+        under ``src/esphome/`` and build a symbol-to-component mapping. This catches
+        ``extern "C"`` functions and other symbols that lack C++ namespace prefixes.
+
+        Skips scanning if ``_source_symbol_map`` was already populated by
+        ``_parse_map_file()``.
+        """
+        if self._source_symbol_map or not self.nm_path:
+            return
+
+        obj_dir = self._find_object_files_dir()
+        if obj_dir is None:
+            return
+
+        # Find ESPHome source object files
+        esphome_src_dir = obj_dir / "src" / "esphome"
+        if not esphome_src_dir.is_dir():
+            return
+
+        obj_files = sorted(esphome_src_dir.rglob("*.o"))
+        if not obj_files:
+            return
+
+        # Run nm with --print-file-name to get file:symbol mapping
+        result = run_tool(
+            [self.nm_path, "--print-file-name", "-g", "--defined-only"]
+            + [str(f) for f in obj_files],
+        )
+        if result is None or result.returncode != 0:
+            _LOGGER.debug("nm scan of source objects failed")
+            return
+
+        self._source_symbol_map = self._parse_nm_source_output(result.stdout, obj_dir)
+        if self._source_symbol_map:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Built source symbol map from nm: %d symbols",
+                len(self._source_symbol_map),
+            )
+
+    def _parse_nm_source_output(self, output: str, base_dir: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Parse nm output to map non-namespaced symbols to ESPHome components.
+
+        Extracts global defined symbols from ESPHome source object files that
+        don't use C++ namespacing (e.g. ``extern "C"`` functions).
+
+        Args:
+            output: Raw stdout from ``nm --print-file-name -g --defined-only``
+                or ``nm --print-file-name -S``.
+            base_dir: Build directory for computing relative paths.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping symbol names to component names.
+        """
+        source_map: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for line in output.splitlines():
+            # Format: /path/to/file.o: addr type name
+            #     or: /path/to/file.o: addr size type name (with -S)
+            colon_idx = line.rfind(".o:")
+            if colon_idx == -1:
+                continue
+
+            file_path = line[: colon_idx + 2]
+            fields = line[colon_idx + 3 :].split()
+            if len(fields) < 3:
+                continue
+
+            # With -S flag, format is: addr size type name
+            # Without -S flag: addr type name
+            # type is a single char; size is hex digits
+            # Detect by checking if fields[1] is a single uppercase letter (type)
+            if len(fields[1]) == 1 and fields[1].isalpha():
+                # addr type name
+                sym_type = fields[1]
+                symbol_name = fields[2]
+            elif len(fields) >= 4:
+                # addr size type name
+                sym_type = fields[2]
+                symbol_name = fields[3]
+            else:
+                continue
+
+            # Only global defined symbols (uppercase type)
+            if not sym_type.isupper() or sym_type == "U":
+                continue
+
+            # Skip symbols already in esphome:: namespace
+            if symbol_name.startswith("_ZN7esphome"):
+                continue
+
+            # Make path relative to base_dir for _source_file_to_component
+            try:
+                rel_path = str(Path(file_path).relative_to(base_dir))
+            except ValueError:
+                continue
+
+            component = self._source_file_to_component(rel_path)
+            if component.startswith(
+                (_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME, _COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL)
+            ):
+                source_map[symbol_name] = component
+
+        return source_map
+
     def _find_object_files_dir(self) -> Path | None:
         """Find the directory containing object files for this build.
 
diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py
index 3bdf555ae39..0c871d07270 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py
@@ -408,7 +408,6 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
     ],
     "arduino_core": [
         "pinMode",
-        "resetPins",
         "millis",
         "micros",
         "delay(",  # More specific - Arduino delay function with parenthesis

From 564d155cb6980e1b24cbd640cb014128dcb1cc92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:08:33 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 028/108] [wifi] Use LOG_STR_LITERAL for scan complete log on
 ESP8266 (#15001)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 5514f1c6be5..f2fabb9080f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_done_callback_(void *arg, STATUS status) {
     }
   }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scan complete: %zu found, %zu stored%s", total, this->scan_result_.size(),
-           needs_full ? "" : " (filtered)");
+           needs_full ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("") : LOG_STR_LITERAL(" (filtered)"));
   this->scan_done_ = true;
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LISTENERS
   this->pending_.scan_complete = true;  // Defer listener callbacks to main loop

From 7f500c4b6ef14967771cec2cb2f8785cc552b891 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:08:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 029/108] [modbus] Fix size_t format warning in
 clear_rx_buffer_ (#15002)

---
 esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index 7a61868e6e9..4146a54c877 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -415,10 +415,10 @@ void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn) {
   size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
   if (at > 0) {
     if (warn) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %" PRIu32 " bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", at, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %zu bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", at, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
                millis() - this->last_send_);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %" PRIu32 " bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", at, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %zu bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", at, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
                millis() - this->last_send_);
     }
     this->rx_buffer_.clear();

From 51ccad8461069ac04cd568971b9bf4b1b148e26e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:09:01 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 030/108] [preferences] Shorten TAG strings across all
 platforms (#15004)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp     | 2 +-
 esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp      | 2 +-
 esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp    | 2 +-
 esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp    | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
index 7260bf54e01..e88ace3e6be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::esp32 {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "esp32.preferences";
+static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
 // Buffer size for converting uint32_t to string: max "4294967295" (10 chars) + null terminator + 1 padding
 static constexpr size_t KEY_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
index 0b31c53ff87..906fed2b29a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/preferences.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 namespace esphome::esp8266 {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "esp8266.preferences";
+static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
 static constexpr uint32_t ESP_RTC_USER_MEM_START = 0x60001200;
 static constexpr uint32_t ESP_RTC_USER_MEM_SIZE_WORDS = 128;
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp
index fce3d62dda0..c0be2700622 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::host {
 namespace fs = std::filesystem;
 
-static const char *const TAG = "host.preferences";
+static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
 void HostPreferences::setup_() {
   if (this->setup_complete_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
index f22c12f1fbe..344ca4a8b3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "lt.preferences";
+static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
 // Buffer size for converting uint32_t to string: max "4294967295" (10 chars) + null terminator + 1 padding
 static constexpr size_t KEY_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp
index 0a91136a9fd..cfc802b28f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::rp2040 {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "rp2040.preferences";
+static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
 static constexpr uint32_t RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE = 512;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp
index df69c0e6522..c26a1d6d536 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::zephyr {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "zephyr.preferences";
+static const char *const TAG = "preferences";
 
 bool ZephyrPreferenceBackend::save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   this->data.resize(len);

From 2c872600464c2b0b168e09277bb5bbe16da4fac0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:09:13 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 031/108] [core] Optimize Component::is_ready() with bitmask
 check (#15005)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 00dda0cc268..89ac0c7a2a2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -378,9 +378,10 @@ void Component::set_retry(uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts, std:
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 }
 bool Component::is_ready() const {
-  return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP ||
-         (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE ||
-         (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP;
+  // Bitmask check: valid states are SETUP(1), LOOP(2), LOOP_DONE(4)
+  // (1 << state) & 0b10110 checks membership in one instruction
+  return ((1u << (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK)) &
+          ((1u << COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP) | (1u << COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP) | (1u << COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE))) != 0;
 }
 bool Component::can_proceed() { return true; }
 bool Component::set_status_flag_(uint8_t flag) {

From 32db055b98cbb964663396b6aa63239cc4f97591 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:09:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 032/108] [number] Clean up NumberCall::perform()
 increment/decrement logic (#15000)

---
 esphome/components/number/number_call.cpp | 22 ++++++----------------
 esphome/components/number/number_call.h   |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/number/number_call.cpp b/esphome/components/number/number_call.cpp
index 27a857c112e..aac9b2a23d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/number_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/number/number_call.cpp
@@ -80,35 +80,25 @@ void NumberCall::perform() {
       target_value = max_value;
     }
   } else if (this->operation_ == NUMBER_OP_INCREMENT) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Increment with%s cycling", name, this->cycle_ ? "" : "out");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Increment with%s cycling", name, this->cycle_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("out"));
     if (!parent->has_state()) {
       this->log_perform_warning_(LOG_STR("Can't increment, no state"));
       return;
     }
     auto step = traits.get_step();
     target_value = parent->state + (std::isnan(step) ? 1 : step);
-    if (target_value > max_value) {
-      if (this->cycle_ && !std::isnan(min_value)) {
-        target_value = min_value;
-      } else {
-        target_value = max_value;
-      }
-    }
+    if (target_value > max_value)
+      target_value = this->cycle_or_clamp_(max_value, min_value);
   } else if (this->operation_ == NUMBER_OP_DECREMENT) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Decrement with%s cycling", name, this->cycle_ ? "" : "out");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Decrement with%s cycling", name, this->cycle_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("out"));
     if (!parent->has_state()) {
       this->log_perform_warning_(LOG_STR("Can't decrement, no state"));
       return;
     }
     auto step = traits.get_step();
     target_value = parent->state - (std::isnan(step) ? 1 : step);
-    if (target_value < min_value) {
-      if (this->cycle_ && !std::isnan(max_value)) {
-        target_value = max_value;
-      } else {
-        target_value = min_value;
-      }
-    }
+    if (target_value < min_value)
+      target_value = this->cycle_or_clamp_(min_value, max_value);
   }
 
   if (target_value < min_value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/number_call.h b/esphome/components/number/number_call.h
index 584c13f4131..29eaeb72d95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/number_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/number/number_call.h
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ class NumberCall {
   NumberCall &with_cycle(bool cycle);
 
  protected:
+  float cycle_or_clamp_(float clamp, float opposite) const {
+    return (this->cycle_ && !std::isnan(opposite)) ? opposite : clamp;
+  }
   void log_perform_warning_(const LogString *message);
   void log_perform_warning_value_range_(const LogString *comparison, const LogString *limit_type, float val,
                                         float limit);

From 21e384cafd89f1a441a7de2c67816338ca90c569 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:10:18 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 033/108] [esp32] Disable PicolibC Newlib compatibility shim on
 IDF 6.0+ (#15008)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 64e5f44081b..f85f13fe737 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -1920,6 +1920,18 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SHA384_C", False)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SHA512_C", False)
 
+    # Disable PicolibC Newlib compatibility shim on IDF 6.0+
+    # IDF 6.0 switched from Newlib to PicolibC. The shim provides thread-local
+    # stdin/stdout/stderr and getreent() for code compiled against Newlib.
+    # ESPHome doesn't link against Newlib-built libraries that use stdio.
+    # If a component needs it (e.g. precompiled Newlib binaries), re-enable via:
+    #   esp32:
+    #     framework:
+    #       sdkconfig_options:
+    #         CONFIG_LIBC_PICOLIBC_NEWLIB_COMPATIBILITY: "y"
+    if idf_version() >= cv.Version(6, 0, 0):
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LIBC_PICOLIBC_NEWLIB_COMPATIBILITY", False)
+
     # Disable regi2c control functions in IRAM
     # Only needed if using analog peripherals (ADC, DAC, etc.) from ISRs while cache is disabled
     if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_REGI2C_IN_IRAM]:

From f3cddcee214fc8c510ecfc88dd3ef277c0d882df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:25:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 034/108] [core] Store parent pointers as members to enable
 inline Callback storage (#14923)

---
 esphome/components/cover/automation.h         | 18 +++---
 esphome/components/datetime/datetime_base.h   |  7 ++-
 .../components/display_menu_base/automation.h | 35 ++++++++----
 esphome/components/esp32_improv/automation.h  | 55 ++++++++++++-------
 esphome/components/fan/automation.h           | 49 ++++++++++-------
 .../graphical_display_menu.h                  |  7 ++-
 esphome/components/lock/automation.h          |  9 ++-
 esphome/components/media_player/automation.h  |  9 ++-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.cpp          |  3 +-
 esphome/components/valve/automation.h         | 18 ++++--
 10 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/automation.h b/esphome/components/cover/automation.h
index 12ec46725d6..f121e5c2d67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/automation.h
@@ -105,17 +105,18 @@ template<typename... Ts> using CoverIsClosedCondition = CoverPositionCondition<f
 
 template<bool OPEN> class CoverPositionTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  CoverPositionTrigger(Cover *a_cover) {
-    a_cover->add_on_state_callback([this, a_cover]() {
-      if (a_cover->position != this->last_position_) {
-        this->last_position_ = a_cover->position;
-        if (a_cover->position == (OPEN ? COVER_OPEN : COVER_CLOSED))
+  CoverPositionTrigger(Cover *a_cover) : cover_(a_cover) {
+    a_cover->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->cover_->position != this->last_position_) {
+        this->last_position_ = this->cover_->position;
+        if (this->cover_->position == (OPEN ? COVER_OPEN : COVER_CLOSED))
           this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
 
  protected:
+  Cover *cover_;
   float last_position_{NAN};
 };
 
@@ -124,9 +125,9 @@ using CoverClosedTrigger = CoverPositionTrigger<false>;
 
 template<CoverOperation OP> class CoverTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  CoverTrigger(Cover *a_cover) {
-    a_cover->add_on_state_callback([this, a_cover]() {
-      auto current_op = a_cover->current_operation;
+  CoverTrigger(Cover *a_cover) : cover_(a_cover) {
+    a_cover->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto current_op = this->cover_->current_operation;
       if (current_op == OP) {
         if (!this->last_operation_.has_value() || this->last_operation_.value() != OP) {
           this->trigger();
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ template<CoverOperation OP> class CoverTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Cover *cover_;
   optional<CoverOperation> last_operation_{};
 };
 }  // namespace esphome::cover
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_base.h b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_base.h
index 98f23aa7137..6c0a33c8420 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/datetime_base.h
@@ -33,9 +33,12 @@ class DateTimeBase : public EntityBase {
 
 class DateTimeStateTrigger : public Trigger<ESPTime> {
  public:
-  explicit DateTimeStateTrigger(DateTimeBase *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent->state_as_esptime()); });
+  explicit DateTimeStateTrigger(DateTimeBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_->state_as_esptime()); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  DateTimeBase *parent_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::datetime
diff --git a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/automation.h b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/automation.h
index 9c64794cefe..50c26c344cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/automation.h
@@ -96,37 +96,52 @@ template<typename... Ts> class IsActiveCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
 
 class DisplayMenuOnEnterTrigger : public Trigger<const MenuItem *> {
  public:
-  explicit DisplayMenuOnEnterTrigger(MenuItem *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_enter_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent); });
+  explicit DisplayMenuOnEnterTrigger(MenuItem *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_enter_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  MenuItem *parent_;
 };
 
 class DisplayMenuOnLeaveTrigger : public Trigger<const MenuItem *> {
  public:
-  explicit DisplayMenuOnLeaveTrigger(MenuItem *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_leave_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent); });
+  explicit DisplayMenuOnLeaveTrigger(MenuItem *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_leave_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  MenuItem *parent_;
 };
 
 class DisplayMenuOnValueTrigger : public Trigger<const MenuItem *> {
  public:
-  explicit DisplayMenuOnValueTrigger(MenuItem *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_value_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent); });
+  explicit DisplayMenuOnValueTrigger(MenuItem *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_value_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  MenuItem *parent_;
 };
 
 class DisplayMenuOnNextTrigger : public Trigger<const MenuItem *> {
  public:
-  explicit DisplayMenuOnNextTrigger(MenuItemCustom *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_next_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent); });
+  explicit DisplayMenuOnNextTrigger(MenuItemCustom *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_next_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  MenuItemCustom *parent_;
 };
 
 class DisplayMenuOnPrevTrigger : public Trigger<const MenuItem *> {
  public:
-  explicit DisplayMenuOnPrevTrigger(MenuItemCustom *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_prev_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent); });
+  explicit DisplayMenuOnPrevTrigger(MenuItemCustom *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_prev_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  MenuItemCustom *parent_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace display_menu_base
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/automation.h b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/automation.h
index 52c5da125b7..cd2bd84c30c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/automation.h
@@ -12,58 +12,73 @@ namespace esp32_improv {
 
 class ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
-      if (state == improv::STATE_PROVISIONED && !parent->is_failed()) {
-        trigger();
+  explicit ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
+      if (state == improv::STATE_PROVISIONED && !this->parent_->is_failed()) {
+        this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  ESP32ImprovComponent *parent_;
 };
 
 class ESP32ImprovProvisioningTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit ESP32ImprovProvisioningTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
-      if (state == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING && !parent->is_failed()) {
-        trigger();
+  explicit ESP32ImprovProvisioningTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
+      if (state == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING && !this->parent_->is_failed()) {
+        this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  ESP32ImprovComponent *parent_;
 };
 
 class ESP32ImprovStartTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit ESP32ImprovStartTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
+  explicit ESP32ImprovStartTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
       if ((state == improv::STATE_AUTHORIZED || state == improv::STATE_AWAITING_AUTHORIZATION) &&
-          !parent->is_failed()) {
-        trigger();
+          !this->parent_->is_failed()) {
+        this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  ESP32ImprovComponent *parent_;
 };
 
 class ESP32ImprovStateTrigger : public Trigger<improv::State, improv::Error> {
  public:
-  explicit ESP32ImprovStateTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
-      if (!parent->is_failed()) {
-        trigger(state, error);
+  explicit ESP32ImprovStateTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
+      if (!this->parent_->is_failed()) {
+        this->trigger(state, error);
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  ESP32ImprovComponent *parent_;
 };
 
 class ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
-      if (state == improv::STATE_STOPPED && !parent->is_failed()) {
-        trigger();
+  explicit ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger(ESP32ImprovComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](improv::State state, improv::Error error) {
+      if (state == improv::STATE_STOPPED && !this->parent_->is_failed()) {
+        this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  ESP32ImprovComponent *parent_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esp32_improv
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/automation.h b/esphome/components/fan/automation.h
index 3c3b0ce519e..3ee6f89e557 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/automation.h
@@ -113,16 +113,19 @@ template<typename... Ts> class FanIsOffCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
 
 class FanStateTrigger : public Trigger<Fan *> {
  public:
-  FanStateTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() { this->trigger(state); });
+  FanStateTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->fan_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
 };
 
 class FanTurnOnTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  FanTurnOnTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      auto is_on = state->state;
+  FanTurnOnTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto is_on = this->fan_->state;
       auto should_trigger = is_on && !this->last_on_;
       this->last_on_ = is_on;
       if (should_trigger) {
@@ -133,14 +136,15 @@ class FanTurnOnTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
   bool last_on_;
 };
 
 class FanTurnOffTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  FanTurnOffTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      auto is_on = state->state;
+  FanTurnOffTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto is_on = this->fan_->state;
       auto should_trigger = !is_on && this->last_on_;
       this->last_on_ = is_on;
       if (should_trigger) {
@@ -151,14 +155,15 @@ class FanTurnOffTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
   bool last_on_;
 };
 
 class FanDirectionSetTrigger : public Trigger<FanDirection> {
  public:
-  FanDirectionSetTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      auto direction = state->direction;
+  FanDirectionSetTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto direction = this->fan_->direction;
       auto should_trigger = direction != this->last_direction_;
       this->last_direction_ = direction;
       if (should_trigger) {
@@ -169,14 +174,15 @@ class FanDirectionSetTrigger : public Trigger<FanDirection> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
   FanDirection last_direction_;
 };
 
 class FanOscillatingSetTrigger : public Trigger<bool> {
  public:
-  FanOscillatingSetTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      auto oscillating = state->oscillating;
+  FanOscillatingSetTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto oscillating = this->fan_->oscillating;
       auto should_trigger = oscillating != this->last_oscillating_;
       this->last_oscillating_ = oscillating;
       if (should_trigger) {
@@ -187,14 +193,15 @@ class FanOscillatingSetTrigger : public Trigger<bool> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
   bool last_oscillating_;
 };
 
 class FanSpeedSetTrigger : public Trigger<int> {
  public:
-  FanSpeedSetTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      auto speed = state->speed;
+  FanSpeedSetTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto speed = this->fan_->speed;
       auto should_trigger = speed != this->last_speed_;
       this->last_speed_ = speed;
       if (should_trigger) {
@@ -205,14 +212,15 @@ class FanSpeedSetTrigger : public Trigger<int> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
   int last_speed_;
 };
 
 class FanPresetSetTrigger : public Trigger<StringRef> {
  public:
-  FanPresetSetTrigger(Fan *state) {
-    state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      auto preset_mode = state->get_preset_mode();
+  FanPresetSetTrigger(Fan *state) : fan_(state) {
+    state->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      auto preset_mode = this->fan_->get_preset_mode();
       auto should_trigger = preset_mode != this->last_preset_mode_;
       this->last_preset_mode_ = preset_mode;
       if (should_trigger) {
@@ -223,6 +231,7 @@ class FanPresetSetTrigger : public Trigger<StringRef> {
   }
 
  protected:
+  Fan *fan_;
   StringRef last_preset_mode_{};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.h b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.h
index 007889557dd..ce1db185251 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.h
+++ b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.h
@@ -75,9 +75,12 @@ class GraphicalDisplayMenu : public display_menu_base::DisplayMenuComponent {
 
 class GraphicalDisplayMenuOnRedrawTrigger : public Trigger<const GraphicalDisplayMenu *> {
  public:
-  explicit GraphicalDisplayMenuOnRedrawTrigger(GraphicalDisplayMenu *parent) {
-    parent->add_on_redraw_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent); });
+  explicit GraphicalDisplayMenuOnRedrawTrigger(GraphicalDisplayMenu *parent) : parent_(parent) {
+    parent->add_on_redraw_callback([this]() { this->trigger(this->parent_); });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  GraphicalDisplayMenu *parent_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace graphical_display_menu
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/automation.h b/esphome/components/lock/automation.h
index 011c6cc6afc..6f3c4226933 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/automation.h
@@ -51,13 +51,16 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LockCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
 
 template<LockState State> class LockStateTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit LockStateTrigger(Lock *a_lock) {
-    a_lock->add_on_state_callback([this, a_lock]() {
-      if (a_lock->state == State) {
+  explicit LockStateTrigger(Lock *a_lock) : lock_(a_lock) {
+    a_lock->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->lock_->state == State) {
         this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  Lock *lock_;
 };
 
 using LockLockTrigger = LockStateTrigger<LockState::LOCK_STATE_LOCKED>;
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h b/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h
index 90e7bf75b5c..031f6657f49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h
@@ -80,12 +80,15 @@ class StateTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 
 template<MediaPlayerState State> class MediaPlayerStateTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit MediaPlayerStateTrigger(MediaPlayer *player) {
-    player->add_on_state_callback([this, player]() {
-      if (player->state == State)
+  explicit MediaPlayerStateTrigger(MediaPlayer *player) : player_(player) {
+    player->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->player_->state == State)
         this->trigger();
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  MediaPlayer *player_;
 };
 
 using IdleTrigger = MediaPlayerStateTrigger<MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE>;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.cpp
index ae2b8c46002..3a8658a55fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.cpp
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ void MQTTFanComponent::setup() {
                     });
   }
 
-  auto f = std::bind(&MQTTFanComponent::publish_state, this);
-  this->state_->add_on_state_callback([this, f]() { this->defer("send", f); });
+  this->state_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->defer("send", [this]() { this->publish_state(); }); });
 }
 
 void MQTTFanComponent::dump_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/automation.h b/esphome/components/valve/automation.h
index 87e9cde0885..a064f375f72 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/automation.h
@@ -87,24 +87,30 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ValveIsClosedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>
 
 class ValveOpenTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  ValveOpenTrigger(Valve *a_valve) {
-    a_valve->add_on_state_callback([this, a_valve]() {
-      if (a_valve->is_fully_open()) {
+  ValveOpenTrigger(Valve *a_valve) : valve_(a_valve) {
+    a_valve->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->valve_->is_fully_open()) {
         this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  Valve *valve_;
 };
 
 class ValveClosedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  ValveClosedTrigger(Valve *a_valve) {
-    a_valve->add_on_state_callback([this, a_valve]() {
-      if (a_valve->is_fully_closed()) {
+  ValveClosedTrigger(Valve *a_valve) : valve_(a_valve) {
+    a_valve->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->valve_->is_fully_closed()) {
         this->trigger();
       }
     });
   }
+
+ protected:
+  Valve *valve_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace valve

From 95dea59382d422f8d1a44020a64d79935bd6ac19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:25:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 035/108] [core] Use SplitMix32 PRNG for random_uint32()
 (#14984)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp     |  1 -
 esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp      |  9 --------
 esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp |  2 --
 esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp    |  9 --------
 esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py    |  2 ++
 esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp       |  1 -
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp                 | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/core/helpers.h                   |  7 ++++++-
 8 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
index 76f1c59c739..654a35b4735 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-uint32_t random_uint32() { return esp_random(); }
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   esp_fill_random(data, len);
   return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
index fdad4f5cb69..7e8849b3e19 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/helpers.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #endif
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <limits>
-#include <random>
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -18,13 +16,6 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "helpers.host";
 
-uint32_t random_uint32() {
-  std::random_device dev;
-  std::mt19937 rng(dev());
-  std::uniform_int_distribution<uint32_t> dist(0, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
-  return dist(rng);
-}
-
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   FILE *fp = fopen("/dev/urandom", "r");
   if (fp == nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp
index ffbd181c54c..52332ef53d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-uint32_t random_uint32() { return rand(); }
-
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   lt_rand_bytes(data, len);
   return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
index e360b45ebbb..8cb5f7c18df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
@@ -17,15 +17,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-uint32_t random_uint32() {
-  uint32_t result = 0;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-    result <<= 1;
-    result |= rosc_hw->randombit;
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   while (len-- != 0) {
     uint8_t result = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
index b8a091feb92..348e7a3cf2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ def zephyr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("FPU", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("NEWLIB_LIBC_FLOAT_PRINTF", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("STD_CPP20", True)
+    # random_bytes() uses sys_rand_get() which requires the entropy subsystem
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("ENTROPY_GENERATOR", True)
 
     # <err> os: ***** USAGE FAULT *****
     # <err> os:   Illegal load of EXC_RETURN into PC
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
index d7c77fdd2ca..a3b0471ebcc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::~InterruptLock() { irq_unlock(state_); }
 
 // Zephyr LwIPLock is defined inline as a no-op in helpers.h
 
-uint32_t random_uint32() { return rand(); }  // NOLINT(cert-msc30-c, cert-msc50-cpp)
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   sys_rand_get(data, len);
   return true;
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index 00b447ebf29..ee99c541963 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -156,6 +156,32 @@ uint32_t fnv1_hash(const char *str) {
   return hash;
 }
 
+// SplitMix32 — a fast, non-cryptographic PRNG from the SplitMix family
+// (Steele et al., 2014). Uses a Weyl sequence with golden-ratio increment
+// and the MurmurHash3 32-bit finalizer as output mixing function.
+// Reference: https://doi.org/10.1145/2714064.2660195
+// Test results: https://lemire.me/blog/2017/08/22/testing-non-cryptographic-random-number-generators-my-results/
+// Seeded lazily from the platform's secure RNG via random_bytes().
+// ESP8266 uses os_random() instead (defined in esp8266/helpers.cpp).
+#ifndef USE_ESP8266
+static uint32_t splitmix32_state;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+uint32_t random_uint32() {
+  // State of 0 means unseeded. The state will wrap back to 0 after 2^32 calls,
+  // triggering one extra random_bytes() call — an acceptable trade-off vs. adding
+  // a separate bool flag (4 bytes BSS + branch on every call).
+  if (splitmix32_state == 0) {
+    random_bytes(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&splitmix32_state), sizeof(splitmix32_state));
+    splitmix32_state |= 1;  // ensure non-zero seed
+  }
+  splitmix32_state += 0x9e3779b9u;
+  uint32_t z = splitmix32_state;
+  z = (z ^ (z >> 16)) * 0x85ebca6bu;
+  z = (z ^ (z >> 13)) * 0xc2b2ae35u;
+  return z ^ (z >> 16);
+}
+#endif
+
 float random_float() { return static_cast<float>(random_uint32()) / static_cast<float>(UINT32_MAX); }
 
 // Strings
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index a703b5a5f37..43431299dea 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -842,10 +842,15 @@ template<typename ReturnT = uint32_t> inline constexpr ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Ret
 }
 
 /// Return a random 32-bit unsigned integer.
+/// Not thread-safe. Must only be called from the main loop.
+/// Not suitable for cryptographic use; use random_bytes() instead.
 uint32_t random_uint32();
 /// Return a random float between 0 and 1.
+/// Not thread-safe. Must only be called from the main loop.
+/// Not suitable for cryptographic use; use random_bytes() instead.
 float random_float();
-/// Generate \p len number of random bytes.
+/// Generate \p len random bytes using the platform's secure RNG (hardware RNG or OS CSPRNG).
+/// Thread-safe. Suitable for cryptographic use.
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
 
 ///@}

From 1920d8a887407a9d9f2f23f8c1d9f83480a497a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 17:35:17 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 036/108] [benchmark] Add noise encryption benchmarks (#15037)

---
 script/setup_codspeed_lib.py                  |   8 +-
 tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py   |   7 +
 .../components/api/bench_noise_encrypt.cpp    | 177 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../benchmarks/components/api/benchmark.yaml  |   1 +
 tests/benchmarks/components/mdns/__init__.py  |   5 +
 .../benchmarks/components/network/__init__.py |   5 +
 .../benchmarks/components/socket/__init__.py  |   7 +
 7 files changed, 209 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_noise_encrypt.cpp
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/mdns/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/network/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/socket/__init__.py

diff --git a/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py b/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py
index 959c89d05b6..4f5d1bff24b 100755
--- a/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py
+++ b/script/setup_codspeed_lib.py
@@ -205,7 +205,13 @@ def setup_codspeed_lib(output_dir: Path) -> None:
     if hooks_dist_c.exists():
         _copy_if_missing(hooks_dist_c, lib_src / "instrument_hooks.c")
 
-    # 4. Write library.json
+    # 4. Copy instrument-hooks headers (core.h, callgrind.h, valgrind.h) next to
+    #    measurement.hpp so they are found before any same-named headers from
+    #    other libraries (e.g. libsodium's core.h).
+    for header in hooks_include.glob("*.h"):
+        _copy_if_missing(header, core_include / header.name)
+
+    # 5. Write library.json
     version = _read_codspeed_version(output_dir / CORE_CMAKE)
     _write_library_json(
         benchmark_dir, core_include, hooks_include, version, project_root
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0687c3f87fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # api must run its to_code to define USE_API, USE_API_PLAINTEXT,
+    # and add the noise-c library dependency.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_noise_encrypt.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_noise_encrypt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..223e6ada0d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_noise_encrypt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "noise/protocol.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Helper to create and initialize a NoiseCipherState with ChaChaPoly.
+// Returns nullptr on failure.
+static NoiseCipherState *create_cipher() {
+  NoiseCipherState *cipher = nullptr;
+  int err = noise_cipherstate_new_by_id(&cipher, NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY);
+  if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE || cipher == nullptr)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Initialize with a dummy 32-byte key (same pattern as handshake split produces)
+  uint8_t key[32];
+  memset(key, 0xAB, sizeof(key));
+  err = noise_cipherstate_init_key(cipher, key, sizeof(key));
+  if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+    noise_cipherstate_free(cipher);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return cipher;
+}
+
+// Benchmark helper matching the exact pattern from
+// APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages:
+//   - noise_buffer_init + noise_buffer_set_inout (same as production)
+//   - No explicit set_nonce (production relies on internal nonce increment)
+//   - Error checking on encrypt return
+static void noise_encrypt_bench(benchmark::State &state, size_t plaintext_size) {
+  NoiseCipherState *cipher = create_cipher();
+  if (cipher == nullptr) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to create cipher state");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  size_t mac_len = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(cipher);
+  size_t buf_capacity = plaintext_size + mac_len;
+  auto buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(buf_capacity);
+  memset(buffer.get(), 0x42, plaintext_size);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      // Match production: init buffer, set inout, encrypt
+      NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+      noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+      noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buffer.get(), plaintext_size, buf_capacity);
+
+      int err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(cipher, &mbuf);
+      if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+        state.SkipWithError("noise_cipherstate_encrypt failed");
+        noise_cipherstate_free(cipher);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer[0]);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  noise_cipherstate_free(cipher);
+}
+
+// --- Encrypt a typical sensor state message (small payload ~14 bytes) ---
+// This is the most common message encrypted on every sensor update.
+// 4 bytes type+len header + ~10 bytes payload.
+
+static void NoiseEncrypt_SmallMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_encrypt_bench(state, 14); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseEncrypt_SmallMessage);
+
+// --- Encrypt a medium message (~128 bytes, typical for LightStateResponse) ---
+
+static void NoiseEncrypt_MediumMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_encrypt_bench(state, 128); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseEncrypt_MediumMessage);
+
+// --- Encrypt a large message (~1024 bytes, typical for DeviceInfoResponse) ---
+
+static void NoiseEncrypt_LargeMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_encrypt_bench(state, 1024); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseEncrypt_LargeMessage);
+
+// Benchmark helper matching the exact pattern from
+// APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet:
+//   - noise_buffer_init + noise_buffer_set_inout with capacity == size (decrypt shrinks)
+//   - Error checking on decrypt return
+//
+// Pre-encrypts kInnerIterations messages with sequential nonces before the
+// timed loop. Each outer iteration re-inits the decrypt key to reset the
+// nonce back to 0, then decrypts all pre-encrypted messages in sequence.
+// The init_key cost is amortized over kInnerIterations decrypts.
+static void noise_decrypt_bench(benchmark::State &state, size_t plaintext_size) {
+  NoiseCipherState *encrypt_cipher = create_cipher();
+  NoiseCipherState *decrypt_cipher = create_cipher();
+  if (encrypt_cipher == nullptr || decrypt_cipher == nullptr) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to create cipher state");
+    if (encrypt_cipher)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+    if (decrypt_cipher)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  size_t mac_len = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(encrypt_cipher);
+  size_t encrypted_size = plaintext_size + mac_len;
+
+  // Pre-encrypt kInnerIterations messages with sequential nonces (0..N-1).
+  auto ciphertexts = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(encrypted_size * kInnerIterations);
+  for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+    uint8_t *ct = ciphertexts.get() + i * encrypted_size;
+    memset(ct, 0x42, plaintext_size);
+    NoiseBuffer enc_buf;
+    noise_buffer_init(enc_buf);
+    noise_buffer_set_inout(enc_buf, ct, plaintext_size, encrypted_size);
+    int err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(encrypt_cipher, &enc_buf);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Pre-encrypt failed");
+      noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+      noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Working buffer — decrypt modifies in place
+  auto buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(encrypted_size);
+  static constexpr uint8_t KEY[32] = {0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB,
+                                      0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB,
+                                      0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB};
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    // Reset nonce to 0 by re-initing the key (amortized over kInnerIterations)
+    noise_cipherstate_init_key(decrypt_cipher, KEY, sizeof(KEY));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      // Copy ciphertext into working buffer (decrypt modifies in place)
+      memcpy(buffer.get(), ciphertexts.get() + i * encrypted_size, encrypted_size);
+
+      // Decrypt matching production pattern
+      NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+      noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+      noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buffer.get(), encrypted_size, encrypted_size);
+
+      int err = noise_cipherstate_decrypt(decrypt_cipher, &mbuf);
+      if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+        state.SkipWithError("noise_cipherstate_decrypt failed");
+        noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+        noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer[0]);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+  noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+}
+
+// --- Decrypt benchmarks (matching read_packet path) ---
+
+static void NoiseDecrypt_SmallMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_decrypt_bench(state, 14); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseDecrypt_SmallMessage);
+
+static void NoiseDecrypt_MediumMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_decrypt_bench(state, 128); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseDecrypt_MediumMessage);
+
+static void NoiseDecrypt_LargeMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_decrypt_bench(state, 1024); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseDecrypt_LargeMessage);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks
+
+#endif  // USE_API_NOISE
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/benchmark.yaml b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/benchmark.yaml
index bfc24d7440d..e57276ea660 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/benchmark.yaml
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/benchmark.yaml
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ esphome:
       area_id: area_20
 
 api:
+  encryption:
 sensor:
 binary_sensor:
 light:
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/mdns/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/mdns/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b08f67a0956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/mdns/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/network/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/network/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b08f67a0956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/network/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/socket/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/socket/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a20f9f2300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # socket must run its to_code to define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
+    # which is needed by the api frame helper benchmarks.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

From d203a46ef808f76c22018eec570bab9f29b999a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 18:17:37 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 037/108] [api] Enable HAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS and HAVE_INLINE_ASM
 for libsodium (#15038)

---
 esphome/components/api/__init__.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 4c3cf81927d..84589d540d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -455,6 +455,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
         cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE")
         cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.11")
+        # Enable optimized memzero/memcmp in libsodium instead of volatile byte loops
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_WEAK_SYMBOLS=1")
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DHAVE_INLINE_ASM=1")
     else:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
 

From 8dd69207ea09f8ca8c2d90d9437c7396ae0dc2aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 10:24:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 038/108] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.6.2 to 44.7.0 (#15052)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 10e56c3b49d..2e09e2ed994 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.6.2
+aioesphomeapi==44.7.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 2a6ec597b4ca81bd63f062307799c97c024f2726 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Sieb <samuel-github@sieb.net>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 11:13:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 039/108] [analog_threshhold] add missing header (#15058)

---
 .../components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h
index 9ea95d85705..dd707681054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"

From 86ec218f75685454a3cc012cd632c350ba60ad5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 13:15:35 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 040/108] [benchmark] Add plaintext API frame write benchmarks
 (#15036)

---
 .../components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp  | 162 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 162 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp

diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..79bffaf9534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Helper to drain accumulated data from the read side of a socket
+// to prevent the write side from blocking.
+static void drain_socket(int fd) {
+  char buf[65536];
+  while (::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) {
+  }
+}
+
+// Helper to create a TCP loopback connection with an APIPlaintextFrameHelper
+// on the write end. Returns the helper and the read-side fd.
+// Uses real TCP sockets so TCP_NODELAY succeeds during init().
+static std::pair<std::unique_ptr<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>, int> create_plaintext_helper() {
+  // Create a TCP listener on loopback
+  int listen_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  int opt = 1;
+  ::setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
+
+  struct sockaddr_in addr {};
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+  addr.sin_port = 0;  // OS-assigned port
+  ::bind(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
+  ::listen(listen_fd, 1);
+
+  // Get the assigned port
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+  ::getsockname(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &addr_len);
+
+  // Connect from client side
+  int write_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  ::connect(write_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
+
+  // Accept on server side (this is our read fd)
+  int read_fd = ::accept(listen_fd, nullptr, nullptr);
+  ::close(listen_fd);
+
+  // Make both ends non-blocking
+  int flags = ::fcntl(write_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+  ::fcntl(write_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+  flags = ::fcntl(read_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+  ::fcntl(read_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+  // Increase socket buffer sizes to reduce drain frequency
+  int bufsize = 1024 * 1024;
+  ::setsockopt(write_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
+  ::setsockopt(read_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
+
+  auto sock = std::make_unique<socket::Socket>(write_fd);
+  auto helper = std::make_unique<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>(std::move(sock));
+  helper->init();
+
+  return {std::move(helper), read_fd};
+}
+
+// --- Write a single SensorStateResponse through plaintext framing ---
+// Measures the full write path: header construction, varint encoding,
+// iovec assembly, and socket write.
+
+static void PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [helper, read_fd] = create_plaintext_helper();
+  uint8_t padding = helper->frame_header_padding();
+
+  // Pre-init buffer to typical TCP MSS size to avoid benchmarking
+  // heap allocation — in real use the buffer is reused across writes.
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  buffer.reserve(1460);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      buffer.clear();
+      SensorStateResponse msg;
+      msg.key = 0x12345678;
+      msg.state = 23.5f;
+      msg.missing_state = false;
+
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(padding + size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, padding);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+
+      helper->write_protobuf_packet(SensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, writer);
+
+      if ((i & 0xFF) == 0)
+        drain_socket(read_fd);
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(helper.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState);
+
+// --- Write a batch of 5 SensorStateResponses in one call ---
+// Measures batched write: multiple messages assembled into one writev.
+
+static void PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [helper, read_fd] = create_plaintext_helper();
+  uint8_t padding = helper->frame_header_padding();
+  uint8_t footer = helper->frame_footer_size();
+
+  // Pre-init buffer to typical TCP MSS size to avoid benchmarking
+  // heap allocation — in real use the buffer is reused across writes.
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  buffer.reserve(1460);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      buffer.clear();
+      MessageInfo messages[5] = {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}};
+
+      for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
+        uint16_t offset = buffer.size();
+        SensorStateResponse msg;
+        msg.key = static_cast<uint32_t>(j);
+        msg.state = 23.5f + static_cast<float>(j);
+        msg.missing_state = false;
+
+        uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+        buffer.resize(offset + padding + size + footer);
+        ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, offset + padding);
+        msg.encode(writer);
+
+        messages[j] = MessageInfo(SensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, offset, size);
+      }
+
+      helper->write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer(&buffer, 0), std::span<const MessageInfo>(messages, 5));
+
+      if ((i & 0xFF) == 0)
+        drain_socket(read_fd);
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(helper.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks
+
+#endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT

From dd82a91d8fa8b3922e7e4b8177df5875c1d56d04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:13:17 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 041/108] [lvgl] Don't animate page change when not requested
 (#15069)

---
 esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py       |  2 +-
 esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp | 12 ++++++++----
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
index d6d7a5e161d..0a53d886693 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ SWIPE_TRIGGERS = tuple(
 
 
 LV_ANIM = LvConstant(
-    "LV_SCR_LOAD_ANIM_",
+    "LV_SCREEN_LOAD_ANIM_",
     "NONE",
     "OVER_LEFT",
     "OVER_RIGHT",
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index b1618f77c47..fb5e5957134 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,11 @@ void LvglComponent::show_page(size_t index, lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t ti
   if (index >= this->pages_.size())
     return;
   this->current_page_ = index;
-  lv_scr_load_anim(this->pages_[this->current_page_]->obj, anim, time, 0, false);
+  if (anim == LV_SCREEN_LOAD_ANIM_NONE) {
+    lv_scr_load(this->pages_[this->current_page_]->obj);
+  } else {
+    lv_scr_load_anim(this->pages_[this->current_page_]->obj, anim, time, 0, false);
+  }
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
@@ -262,8 +266,8 @@ void LvglComponent::flush_cb_(lv_display_t *disp_drv, const lv_area_t *area, uin
   if (!this->is_paused()) {
     auto now = millis();
     this->draw_buffer_(area, reinterpret_cast<lv_color_data *>(color_p));
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "flush_cb, area=%d/%d, %d/%d took %dms", area->x1, area->y1, lv_area_get_width(area),
-             lv_area_get_height(area), (int) (millis() - now));
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "flush_cb, area=%d/%d, %d/%d took %dms", (int) area->x1, (int) area->y1,
+             (int) lv_area_get_width(area), (int) lv_area_get_height(area), (int) (millis() - now));
   }
   lv_display_flush_ready(disp_drv);
 }
@@ -619,7 +623,7 @@ void LvglComponent::setup() {
   // Rotation will be handled by our drawing function, so reset the display rotation.
   for (auto *disp : this->displays_)
     disp->set_rotation(display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES);
-  this->show_page(0, LV_SCR_LOAD_ANIM_NONE, 0);
+  this->show_page(0, LV_SCREEN_LOAD_ANIM_NONE, 0);
   lv_display_trigger_activity(this->disp_);
 }
 

From 8224da3460819a7a41fb302018f9ee3265fd46a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 15:32:24 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 042/108] [core] Inline Component::get_component_log_str()
 (#15068)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 3 ---
 esphome/core/component.h   | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 89ac0c7a2a2..caaea891432 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -272,9 +272,6 @@ void Component::call() {
       break;
   }
 }
-const LogString *Component::get_component_log_str() const {
-  return this->component_source_ == nullptr ? LOG_STR("<unknown>") : this->component_source_;
-}
 bool Component::should_warn_of_blocking(uint32_t blocking_time) {
   if (blocking_time > this->warn_if_blocking_over_) {
     // Prevent overflow when adding increment - if we're about to overflow, just max out
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 119681f64c4..46cd77b0343 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -294,7 +294,9 @@ class Component {
    *
    * Returns LOG_STR("<unknown>") if source not set
    */
-  const LogString *get_component_log_str() const;
+  const LogString *get_component_log_str() const {
+    return this->component_source_ == nullptr ? LOG_STR("<unknown>") : this->component_source_;
+  }
 
   bool should_warn_of_blocking(uint32_t blocking_time);
 

From c48fd0738ba6ec1e88860758687c2fae06fae430 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 15:33:42 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 043/108] [mqtt] Rate-limit component resends to prevent task
 WDT on reconnect (#15061)

---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp  | 17 ++++++++++++++---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index 38daf8f8f6f..ab665e2579a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mqtt";
 
+// Maximum number of MQTT component resends per loop iteration.
+// Limits work to avoid triggering the task watchdog on reconnect.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_RESENDS_PER_LOOP = 8;
+
 // Disconnect reason strings indexed by MQTTClientDisconnectReason enum (0-8)
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(MQTTDisconnectReasonStrings, "TCP disconnected", "Unacceptable Protocol Version",
                      "Identifier Rejected", "Server Unavailable", "Malformed Credentials", "Not Authorized",
@@ -396,9 +400,16 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::loop() {
         this->resubscribe_subscriptions_();
 
         // Process pending resends for all MQTT components centrally
-        // This is more efficient than each component polling in its own loop
-        for (MQTTComponent *component : this->children_) {
-          component->process_resend();
+        // Limit work per loop iteration to avoid triggering task WDT on reconnect
+        {
+          uint8_t resend_count = 0;
+          for (MQTTComponent *component : this->children_) {
+            if (component->is_resend_pending()) {
+              component->process_resend();
+              if (++resend_count >= MAX_RESENDS_PER_LOOP)
+                break;
+            }
+          }
         }
       }
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
index 2403ef64ea3..7983e04870e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Internal method for the MQTT client base to schedule a resend of the state on reconnect.
   void schedule_resend_state();
 
+  /// Check if a resend is pending (called by MQTTClientComponent to rate-limit work)
+  bool is_resend_pending() const { return this->resend_state_; }
+
   /// Process pending resend if needed (called by MQTTClientComponent)
   void process_resend();
 

From a0d552531238ce2f4d9ae95b6d717f4ab838ed11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 18:01:49 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 044/108] [lvgl] Meter fixes (#15073)

---
 esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp |  4 +++-
 esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py | 21 +++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index fb5e5957134..b3cb4d56ad0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -671,9 +671,10 @@ void LvglComponent::static_flush_cb(lv_display_t *disp_drv, const lv_area_t *are
  * @param e The event data
  * @param color_start The color to apply to the first tick
  * @param color_end  The color to apply to the last tick
+ * @param width
  */
 void lv_scale_draw_event_cb(lv_event_t *e, uint16_t range_start, uint16_t range_end, lv_color_t color_start,
-                            lv_color_t color_end, bool local) {
+                            lv_color_t color_end, int width, bool local) {
   auto *scale = static_cast<lv_obj_t *>(lv_event_get_target(e));
   lv_draw_task_t *task = lv_event_get_draw_task(e);
 
@@ -691,6 +692,7 @@ void lv_scale_draw_event_cb(lv_event_t *e, uint16_t range_start, uint16_t range_
         range = 1;
       auto ratio = (tick * 255) / range;
       line_dsc->color = lv_color_mix(color_end, color_start, ratio);
+      line_dsc->width += width;
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
index 4ce7296159e..8e34f16c98f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ extern std::string lv_event_code_name_for(lv_event_t *event);
 lv_obj_t *lv_container_create(lv_obj_t *parent);
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_SCALE
 void lv_scale_draw_event_cb(lv_event_t *e, uint16_t range_start, uint16_t range_end, lv_color_t color_start,
-                            lv_color_t color_end, bool local);
+                            lv_color_t color_end, int width, bool local);
 #endif
 #if LV_COLOR_DEPTH == 16
 static const display::ColorBitness LV_BITNESS = display::ColorBitness::COLOR_BITNESS_565;
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
index 63cc645f221..6a7559c42c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ INDICATOR_ARC_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE): lv_float,
         cv.Optional(CONF_START_VALUE): lv_float,
         cv.Optional(CONF_END_VALUE): lv_float,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OPA): opacity,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OPA, default=1.0): opacity,
     }
 ).add_extra(cv.has_at_most_one_key(CONF_VALUE, CONF_START_VALUE))
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ SCALE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_RANGE_FROM, default=0.0): lv_int,
         cv.Optional(CONF_RANGE_TO, default=100.0): lv_int,
         cv.Optional(CONF_ANGLE_RANGE, default=270): lv_angle_degrees,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION, default=0): lv_angle_degrees,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION): lv_angle_degrees,
         cv.Optional(CONF_INDICATORS): cv.ensure_list(INDICATOR_SCHEMA),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DRAW_TICKS_ON_TOP, default=True): bool,
     }
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class MeterType(WidgetType):
         )
 
     def get_uses(self):
-        return CONF_SCALE, CONF_LINE
+        return CONF_SCALE, CONF_LINE, CONF_IMAGE
 
     def validate(self, value):
         return cv.has_at_most_one_key(CONF_INDICATOR, CONF_PIVOT)(value)
@@ -366,16 +366,17 @@ class MeterType(WidgetType):
             lv.scale_set_range(scale_var, range_from, range_to)
 
             angle_range = await lv_angle_degrees.process(scale_conf[CONF_ANGLE_RANGE])
-            rotation = await lv_angle_degrees.process(scale_conf[CONF_ROTATION])
+            if (rotation := scale_conf.get(CONF_ROTATION)) is not None:
+                rotation = await lv_angle_degrees.process(rotation)
+            else:
+                rotation = 90 + (360 - angle_range) // 2
+
             # Set angle range
             lv.scale_set_angle_range(
                 scale_var,
                 angle_range,
             )
-
-            # Set rotation if specified
-            if rotation:
-                lv.scale_set_rotation(scale_var, rotation)
+            lv.scale_set_rotation(scale_var, rotation)
 
             # Handle indicators as sections
             for indicator in scale_conf.get(CONF_INDICATORS, ()):
@@ -393,10 +394,9 @@ class MeterType(WidgetType):
                     props = {
                         "arc_width": v[CONF_WIDTH],
                         "arc_color": v[CONF_COLOR],
+                        "arc_opa": v[CONF_OPA],
                         "arc_rounded": v.get("arc_rounded", False),
                     }
-                    if (opa := v.get(CONF_OPA)) is not None:
-                        props["arc_opa"] = opa
                     if CONF_R_MOD in v:
                         get_warnings().add(
                             "The 'r_mod' indicator property is not supported in LVGL 9.x and will be ignored."
@@ -424,6 +424,7 @@ class MeterType(WidgetType):
                                 end_value,
                                 color_start,
                                 color_end,
+                                v[CONF_WIDTH],
                                 local,
                             )
                         lv_obj.add_event_cb(

From 5e68282519caf8601bf2192923b1975d85580044 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:14:52 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 045/108] [light] Fix constant_brightness broken by gamma LUT
 refactor (#15048)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h |  10 +
 esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp      |  47 ++++-
 .../fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml   |  57 ++++++
 .../test_light_constant_brightness.py         | 188 ++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 296 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
index 3a9ca8c8c23..a2c2dbca465 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
@@ -154,6 +154,16 @@ class LightColorValues {
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an CWWW representation with the given parameters.
+  ///
+  /// Note on gamma and constant_brightness: This method operates on the raw/internal channel
+  /// values stored in this object. For cold_white_ and warm_white_ specifically, these
+  /// may already be gamma-uncorrected when derived from a color_temperature value.
+  /// For constant_brightness=false, additional gamma for the output can be applied after
+  /// this method since gamma commutes with simple multiplication. For constant_brightness=true,
+  /// the caller (LightState::current_values_as_cwww) must apply gamma to the individual
+  /// channel values BEFORE the balancing formula, because the nonlinear max/sum ratio does
+  /// not commute with gamma. See LightState::current_values_as_cwww() for the correct
+  /// implementation.
   void as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, bool constant_brightness = false) const {
     if (this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE) {
       const float cw_level = this->cold_white_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
index 161092532ac..1b736d84f68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
@@ -223,12 +223,11 @@ void LightState::current_values_as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, f
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_rgbww(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *cold_white, float *warm_white,
                                          bool constant_brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_rgbww(red, green, blue, cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
+  this->current_values.as_rgb(red, green, blue);
   *red = this->gamma_correct_lut(*red);
   *green = this->gamma_correct_lut(*green);
   *blue = this->gamma_correct_lut(*blue);
-  *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
-  *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
+  this->current_values_as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_rgbct(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *color_temperature,
                                          float *white_brightness) {
@@ -241,9 +240,45 @@ void LightState::current_values_as_rgbct(float *red, float *green, float *blue,
   *white_brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*white_brightness);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, bool constant_brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
-  *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
-  *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
+  if (!constant_brightness) {
+    // Without constant_brightness, gamma commutes with simple multiplication:
+    //   gamma(white_level * cw) = gamma(white_level) * gamma(cw)
+    // (since gamma(a*b) = (a*b)^g = a^g * b^g = gamma(a) * gamma(b))
+    // so applying gamma after is mathematically equivalent and simpler.
+    this->current_values.as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, false);
+    *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
+    *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // For constant_brightness mode, gamma MUST be applied to the individual
+  // channel values BEFORE the balancing formula (max/sum ratio), not after.
+  //
+  // Why: The cold_white_ and warm_white_ values stored in LightColorValues
+  // are gamma-uncorrected (see transform_parameters_() which applies
+  // gamma_uncorrect to the linear CW/WW fractions derived from color
+  // temperature). Applying gamma_correct here recovers the original linear
+  // fractions, which the constant_brightness formula then uses to distribute
+  // power evenly. The max/sum formula ensures cold+warm PWM output sums to
+  // a constant, keeping total power (and perceived brightness) the same
+  // across all color temperatures.
+  //
+  // Applying gamma AFTER the formula would be incorrect because gamma is
+  // nonlinear: gamma(a/b) != gamma(a)/gamma(b), so the carefully balanced
+  // ratio would be distorted, causing a severe brightness dip at mid-range
+  // color temperatures.
+  const auto &v = this->current_values;
+  if (!(v.get_color_mode() & ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE)) {
+    *cold_white = *warm_white = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const float cw_level = this->gamma_correct_lut(v.get_cold_white());
+  const float ww_level = this->gamma_correct_lut(v.get_warm_white());
+  const float white_level = this->gamma_correct_lut(v.get_state() * v.get_brightness());
+  const float sum = cw_level > 0 || ww_level > 0 ? cw_level + ww_level : 1;  // Don't divide by zero.
+  *cold_white = white_level * std::max(cw_level, ww_level) * cw_level / sum;
+  *warm_white = white_level * std::max(cw_level, ww_level) * ww_level / sum;
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_ct(float *color_temperature, float *white_brightness) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4357a16d58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-cb-test
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: cb_cold_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "CB_CW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: cb_warm_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "CB_WW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: ncb_cold_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "NCB_CW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: ncb_warm_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "NCB_WW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+
+light:
+  - platform: cwww
+    name: "Test CB Light"
+    id: test_cb_light
+    cold_white: cb_cold_white_output
+    warm_white: cb_warm_white_output
+    cold_white_color_temperature: 6536 K
+    warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
+    constant_brightness: true
+    gamma_correct: 2.8
+
+  - platform: cwww
+    name: "Test NCB Light"
+    id: test_ncb_light
+    cold_white: ncb_cold_white_output
+    warm_white: ncb_warm_white_output
+    cold_white_color_temperature: 6536 K
+    warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
+    constant_brightness: false
+    gamma_correct: 2.8
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py b/tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..622dc0e0650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""Integration test for constant_brightness with gamma correction.
+
+Tests both constant_brightness: true and false cwww lights with gamma
+correction in a single compilation to verify:
+- constant_brightness: true maintains constant total CW+WW power output
+- constant_brightness: false correctly varies total power across color temps
+
+This is a regression test for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/15040
+where the gamma LUT refactor (#14123) broke constant_brightness by applying
+gamma after the balancing formula instead of before it.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, LightInfo, LightState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_constant_brightness(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test constant_brightness true and false behavior with gamma correction."""
+    # Track output values for both lights from log lines
+    cb_cw_pattern = re.compile(r"(?<!N)CB_CW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    cb_ww_pattern = re.compile(r"(?<!N)CB_WW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    ncb_cw_pattern = re.compile(r"NCB_CW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    ncb_ww_pattern = re.compile(r"NCB_WW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+
+    latest: dict[str, float] = {
+        "cb_cw": 0.0,
+        "cb_ww": 0.0,
+        "ncb_cw": 0.0,
+        "ncb_ww": 0.0,
+    }
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        for pattern, key in [
+            (cb_cw_pattern, "cb_cw"),
+            (cb_ww_pattern, "cb_ww"),
+            (ncb_cw_pattern, "ncb_cw"),
+            (ncb_ww_pattern, "ncb_ww"),
+        ]:
+            match = pattern.search(line)
+            if match:
+                latest[key] = float(match.group(1))
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        lights = [e for e in entities if isinstance(e, LightInfo)]
+        cb_light = next(e for e in lights if e.object_id.endswith("cb_light"))
+        ncb_light = next(e for e in lights if e.object_id.endswith("ncb_light"))
+
+        # Use InitialStateHelper to wait for initial state broadcast
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+
+        # Track state changes per light key
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[EntityState]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if isinstance(state, LightState) and state.key in state_futures:
+                future = state_futures[state.key]
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(state)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        async def send_and_wait(
+            light_key: int, timeout: float = 5.0, **kwargs: Any
+        ) -> LightState:
+            """Send a light command and wait for the state response."""
+            state_futures[light_key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.light_command(key=light_key, **kwargs)
+            try:
+                return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[light_key], timeout=timeout)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                pytest.fail(f"Timeout waiting for light state after command: {kwargs}")
+
+        # --- Test constant_brightness: true ---
+
+        # Turn on CB light at full brightness
+        await send_and_wait(
+            cb_light.key,
+            state=True,
+            brightness=1.0,
+            color_temperature=153.0,
+            transition_length=0,
+        )
+
+        test_mireds = [
+            153.0,  # Pure cold white
+            200.0,  # Mostly cold
+            280.0,  # Mixed
+            326.5,  # Midpoint
+            400.0,  # Mostly warm
+            500.0,  # Pure warm white
+        ]
+
+        cb_totals: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for mireds in test_mireds:
+            await send_and_wait(
+                cb_light.key, color_temperature=mireds, transition_length=0
+            )
+            cb_totals.append((mireds, latest["cb_cw"], latest["cb_ww"]))
+
+        # All totals should be approximately equal (constant brightness)
+        reference_total = next((cw + ww for _, cw, ww in cb_totals if cw + ww > 0), 0)
+        assert reference_total > 0, (
+            f"Reference total power is zero, CB light outputs not working. "
+            f"Values: {cb_totals}"
+        )
+
+        for mireds, cw, ww in cb_totals:
+            total = cw + ww
+            assert total == pytest.approx(reference_total, rel=0.05), (
+                f"constant_brightness: Total power at {mireds} mireds "
+                f"({total:.4f}) differs from reference ({reference_total:.4f}) "
+                f"by more than 5%. CW={cw:.4f}, WW={ww:.4f}. "
+                f"All values: {cb_totals}"
+            )
+
+        # --- Test constant_brightness: false ---
+
+        # Turn on NCB light at full brightness
+        await send_and_wait(
+            ncb_light.key,
+            state=True,
+            brightness=1.0,
+            color_temperature=153.0,
+            transition_length=0,
+        )
+
+        ncb_totals: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for mireds in test_mireds:
+            await send_and_wait(
+                ncb_light.key, color_temperature=mireds, transition_length=0
+            )
+            ncb_totals.append((mireds, latest["ncb_cw"], latest["ncb_ww"]))
+
+        extreme_cw = ncb_totals[0]  # 153 mireds - pure cold
+        extreme_ww = ncb_totals[-1]  # 500 mireds - pure warm
+        midpoint = ncb_totals[3]  # 326.5 mireds - midpoint
+
+        # At pure cold white, WW should be ~0
+        assert extreme_cw[2] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+            f"Pure cold white should have WW~0, got WW={extreme_cw[2]:.4f}"
+        )
+        # At pure warm white, CW should be ~0
+        assert extreme_ww[1] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+            f"Pure warm white should have CW~0, got CW={extreme_ww[1]:.4f}"
+        )
+
+        # At midpoint, both channels should be non-zero
+        assert midpoint[1] > 0.05, f"Midpoint CW should be >0.05, got {midpoint[1]:.4f}"
+        assert midpoint[2] > 0.05, f"Midpoint WW should be >0.05, got {midpoint[2]:.4f}"
+
+        # Total power at midpoint should be higher than at the extremes
+        midpoint_total = midpoint[1] + midpoint[2]
+        extreme_cw_total = extreme_cw[1] + extreme_cw[2]
+        extreme_ww_total = extreme_ww[1] + extreme_ww[2]
+
+        assert midpoint_total > extreme_cw_total, (
+            f"Midpoint total ({midpoint_total:.4f}) should be > pure CW total "
+            f"({extreme_cw_total:.4f}). All values: {ncb_totals}"
+        )
+        assert midpoint_total > extreme_ww_total, (
+            f"Midpoint total ({midpoint_total:.4f}) should be > pure WW total "
+            f"({extreme_ww_total:.4f}). All values: {ncb_totals}"
+        )

From ca0523b86ca11cf7eac5bb86c1ff762279371aff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:16:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 046/108] [sht4x] Fix heater causing measurement jitter
 (#15030)

---
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp | 40 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h   |  3 ++-
 tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml |  4 +++
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
index bf23e42e661..43c2436a563 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
@@ -9,14 +9,12 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sht4x";
 static const uint8_t MEASURECOMMANDS[] = {0xFD, 0xF6, 0xE0};
 static const uint8_t SERIAL_NUMBER_COMMAND = 0x89;
 
-void SHT4XComponent::start_heater_() {
-  uint8_t cmd[] = {this->heater_command_};
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater turning on");
-  if (this->write(cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to turn on heater"));
-  }
-}
+// Conversion constants from SHT4x datasheet
+static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_OFFSET = -45.0f;
+static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_SPAN = 175.0f;
+static constexpr float HUMIDITY_OFFSET = -6.0f;
+static constexpr float HUMIDITY_SPAN = 125.0f;
+static constexpr float RAW_MAX = 65535.0f;
 
 void SHT4XComponent::read_serial_number_() {
   uint16_t buffer[2];
@@ -39,8 +37,8 @@ void SHT4XComponent::setup() {
   this->read_serial_number_();
 
   if (std::isfinite(this->duty_cycle_) && this->duty_cycle_ > 0.0f) {
-    uint32_t heater_interval = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->heater_time_) / this->duty_cycle_);
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater interval: %" PRIu32, heater_interval);
+    this->heater_interval_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->heater_time_) / this->duty_cycle_);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater interval: %" PRIu32, this->heater_interval_);
 
     if (this->heater_power_ == SHT4X_HEATERPOWER_HIGH) {
       if (this->heater_time_ == SHT4X_HEATERTIME_LONG) {
@@ -62,8 +60,6 @@ void SHT4XComponent::setup() {
       }
     }
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater command: %x", this->heater_command_);
-
-    this->set_interval(heater_interval, [this]() { this->start_heater_(); });
   }
 }
 
@@ -106,19 +102,27 @@ void SHT4XComponent::update() {
     // Evaluate and publish measurements
     if (this->temp_sensor_ != nullptr) {
       // Temp is contained in the first result word
-      float sensor_value_temp = buffer[0];
-      float temp = -45 + 175 * sensor_value_temp / 65535;
-
+      float temp = TEMPERATURE_OFFSET + TEMPERATURE_SPAN * static_cast<float>(buffer[0]) / RAW_MAX;
       this->temp_sensor_->publish_state(temp);
     }
 
     if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
       // Relative humidity is in the second result word
-      float sensor_value_rh = buffer[1];
-      float rh = -6 + 125 * sensor_value_rh / 65535;
-
+      float rh = HUMIDITY_OFFSET + HUMIDITY_SPAN * static_cast<float>(buffer[1]) / RAW_MAX;
       this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(rh);
     }
+
+    // Fire heater after measurement to maximize cooldown time before the next reading.
+    // The heater command produces a measurement that we don't need (datasheet 4.9).
+    if (this->heater_interval_ > 0) {
+      uint32_t now = millis();
+      if (now - this->last_heater_millis_ >= this->heater_interval_) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater turning on");
+        if (this->write_command(this->heater_command_)) {
+          this->last_heater_millis_ = now;
+        }
+      }
+    }
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h
index aec0f3d7f8e..51f473fe3f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ class SHT4XComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::Sensiri
   SHT4XHEATERTIME heater_time_;
   float duty_cycle_;
 
-  void start_heater_();
   void read_serial_number_();
   uint8_t heater_command_;
+  uint32_t heater_interval_{0};
+  uint32_t last_heater_millis_{0};
   uint32_t serial_number_;
 
   sensor::Sensor *temp_sensor_{nullptr};
diff --git a/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml
index 50d5ad8ca46..bec192d6db5 100644
--- a/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml
@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ sensor:
     humidity:
       name: SHT4X Humidity
     address: 0x44
+    precision: High
+    heater_max_duty: 0.02
+    heater_power: High
+    heater_time: Long
     update_interval: 15s

From ba4be2a904b18d0509b9768aa5076bb9e218b8fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:17:59 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 047/108] [uart] Fix RTL87xx compilation failure due to SUCCESS
 macro collision (#15054)

---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h    |  5 +++++
 tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index ee2b006039c..00a4c788784 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -30,12 +30,17 @@ enum UARTDirection {
 const LogString *parity_to_str(UARTParityOptions parity);
 
 /// Result of a flush() call.
+// Some vendor SDKs (e.g., Realtek) define SUCCESS as a macro.
+// Save and restore around the enum to avoid collisions with our scoped enum value.
+#pragma push_macro("SUCCESS")
+#undef SUCCESS
 enum class FlushResult {
   SUCCESS,          ///< Confirmed: all bytes left the TX FIFO.
   TIMEOUT,          ///< Confirmed: timed out before TX completed.
   FAILED,           ///< Confirmed: driver or hardware error.
   ASSUMED_SUCCESS,  ///< Platform cannot report result; success is assumed.
 };
+#pragma pop_macro("SUCCESS")
 
 class UARTComponent {
  public:
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..414bf1f14d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+uart:
+  - id: uart_id
+    tx_pin: PA23
+    rx_pin: PA18
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    data_bits: 8
+    parity: NONE
+    stop_bits: 1
+
+switch:
+  - platform: uart
+    name: "UART Switch"
+    uart_id: uart_id
+    data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]

From 6a77b8b1f457fb5d2be9e8863b82e0328c8b4b29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:19:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 048/108] [light] Fix gamma LUT quantizing small brightness to
 zero (#15060)

---
 esphome/components/light/__init__.py          |  28 +++--
 tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py |   0
 .../components/light/test_gamma_table.py      | 117 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
index 4403281116a..64452e42820 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
@@ -81,18 +81,32 @@ def _get_data() -> LightData:
     return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
 
 
+def generate_gamma_table(gamma_correct: float) -> list[HexInt]:
+    """Generate a 256-entry uint16 gamma lookup table.
+
+    For gamma > 0, non-zero indices are clamped to a minimum of 1 to preserve
+    the invariant that non-zero input always produces non-zero output. Without
+    this, small brightness values (e.g. 1%) get quantized to exactly 0.0,
+    which breaks zero_means_zero logic in FloatOutput.
+    """
+    if gamma_correct > 0:
+        return [
+            HexInt(
+                max(1, min(65535, int(round((i / 255.0) ** gamma_correct * 65535))))
+                if i > 0
+                else HexInt(0)
+            )
+            for i in range(256)
+        ]
+    return [HexInt(int(round(i / 255.0 * 65535))) for i in range(256)]
+
+
 def _get_or_create_gamma_table(gamma_correct):
     data = _get_data()
     if gamma_correct in data.gamma_tables:
         return data.gamma_tables[gamma_correct]
 
-    if gamma_correct > 0:
-        forward = [
-            HexInt(min(65535, int(round((i / 255.0) ** gamma_correct * 65535))))
-            for i in range(256)
-        ]
-    else:
-        forward = [HexInt(int(round(i / 255.0 * 65535))) for i in range(256)]
+    forward = generate_gamma_table(gamma_correct)
 
     gamma_str = f"{gamma_correct}".replace(".", "_")
     fwd_id = ID(f"gamma_{gamma_str}_fwd", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a302a355dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Tests for the gamma LUT table generation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.light import generate_gamma_table
+
+
+def _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table: list[int], value: float) -> float:
+    """Simulate the C++ gamma_correct_lut interpolation from light_state.cpp."""
+    if value <= 0.0:
+        return 0.0
+    if value >= 1.0:
+        return 1.0
+    scaled = value * 255.0
+    idx = int(scaled)
+    if idx >= 255:
+        return table[255] / 65535.0
+    frac = scaled - idx
+    a = float(table[idx])
+    b = float(table[idx + 1])
+    return (a + frac * (b - a)) / 65535.0
+
+
+def test_table_length() -> None:
+    """Table must always have exactly 256 entries."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert len(table) == 256
+
+
+def test_index_zero_is_zero() -> None:
+    """Index 0 must be 0 so true off remains off."""
+    for gamma in (1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0):
+        table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+        assert table[0] == 0, f"gamma={gamma}"
+
+
+def test_index_255_is_max() -> None:
+    """Index 255 must be 65535 (full on)."""
+    for gamma in (1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0):
+        table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+        assert table[255] == 65535, f"gamma={gamma}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_nonzero_indices_are_nonzero(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """All indices > 0 must produce non-zero values.
+
+    This prevents zero_means_zero breakage: non-zero input must always
+    produce non-zero output so FloatOutput applies min_power scaling.
+    """
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    for i in range(1, 256):
+        assert table[i] >= 1, f"gamma={gamma}, index {i}: got {table[i]}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_table_monotonically_nondecreasing(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """The gamma table must be monotonically non-decreasing."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    for i in range(1, 256):
+        assert table[i] >= table[i - 1], (
+            f"gamma={gamma}: table[{i}]={table[i]} < table[{i - 1}]={table[i - 1]}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_linear_gamma() -> None:
+    """With gamma=0 (linear), table should be evenly spaced."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(0)
+    assert table[0] == 0
+    assert table[128] == round(128 / 255.0 * 65535)
+    assert table[255] == 65535
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("brightness", [0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 1 / 255])
+def test_small_brightness_nonzero_after_lut(brightness: float) -> None:
+    """Small but non-zero brightness must produce non-zero output through the LUT.
+
+    Regression test for #15055: with zero_means_zero=true, a gamma-corrected
+    value of exactly 0.0 causes FloatOutput to skip min_power scaling, turning
+    the LED off instead of to minimum brightness.
+    """
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, brightness)
+    assert result > 0.0, (
+        f"brightness={brightness}: gamma LUT returned 0.0, would break zero_means_zero"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_small_brightness_nonzero_all_gammas(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """1% brightness must be non-zero for all common gamma values."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 0.01)
+    assert result > 0.0, f"gamma={gamma}: 1% brightness returned 0.0"
+
+
+def test_lut_zero_returns_zero() -> None:
+    """LUT with input 0.0 must return 0.0."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 0.0) == 0.0
+
+
+def test_lut_one_returns_one() -> None:
+    """LUT with input 1.0 must return 1.0."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 1.0) == 1.0
+
+
+def test_lut_output_monotonically_nondecreasing() -> None:
+    """LUT output must be monotonically non-decreasing across the full range."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    prev = 0.0
+    for i in range(1001):
+        value = i / 1000.0
+        result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, value)
+        assert result >= prev, f"value={value}: result {result} < previous {prev}"
+        prev = result

From 12b10d8b89721d4e58ccef224eec4c7c9f37ea6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 16:19:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 049/108] [ultrasonic] Fix ISR edge detection with debounce and
 trigger filtering (#15014)

---
 .../ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp          | 29 +++++++++----------
 .../components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h |  3 +-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp
index d3f7e694440..a354b198b4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,17 @@ namespace esphome::ultrasonic {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ultrasonic.sensor";
 
+static constexpr uint32_t DEBOUNCE_US = 50;          // Ignore edges within 50us of each other (noise filtering)
+static constexpr uint32_t START_DELAY_US = 100;      // Ignore edges within 100us of trigger (filters bleed-through)
 static constexpr uint32_t START_TIMEOUT_US = 40000;  // Maximum time to wait for echo pulse to start
 
 void IRAM_ATTR UltrasonicSensorStore::gpio_intr(UltrasonicSensorStore *arg) {
   uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (arg->echo_pin_isr.digital_read()) {
+  // Ignore edges after measurement complete or too soon after trigger pulse
+  if (arg->echo_end || (now - arg->measurement_start_us) <= START_DELAY_US) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!arg->echo_start || (now - arg->echo_start_us) <= DEBOUNCE_US) {
     arg->echo_start_us = now;
     arg->echo_start = true;
   } else {
@@ -21,15 +27,14 @@ void IRAM_ATTR UltrasonicSensorStore::gpio_intr(UltrasonicSensorStore *arg) {
 
 void IRAM_ATTR UltrasonicSensorComponent::send_trigger_pulse_() {
   InterruptLock lock;
-  this->store_.echo_start_us = 0;
-  this->store_.echo_end_us = 0;
   this->store_.echo_start = false;
   this->store_.echo_end = false;
+  this->store_.measurement_start_us = micros();
   this->trigger_pin_isr_.digital_write(true);
   delayMicroseconds(this->pulse_time_us_);
   this->trigger_pin_isr_.digital_write(false);
   this->measurement_pending_ = true;
-  this->measurement_start_us_ = micros();
+  this->measurement_start_us_ = this->store_.measurement_start_us;
 }
 
 void UltrasonicSensorComponent::setup() {
@@ -37,7 +42,6 @@ void UltrasonicSensorComponent::setup() {
   this->trigger_pin_->digital_write(false);
   this->trigger_pin_isr_ = this->trigger_pin_->to_isr();
   this->echo_pin_->setup();
-  this->store_.echo_pin_isr = this->echo_pin_->to_isr();
   this->echo_pin_->attach_interrupt(UltrasonicSensorStore::gpio_intr, &this->store_, gpio::INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE);
 }
 
@@ -77,17 +81,10 @@ void UltrasonicSensorComponent::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->store_.echo_end) {
-    float result;
-    if (this->store_.echo_start) {
-      uint32_t pulse_duration = this->store_.echo_end_us - this->store_.echo_start_us;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "pulse start took %" PRIu32 "us, echo took %" PRIu32 "us",
-               this->store_.echo_start_us - this->measurement_start_us_, pulse_duration);
-      result = UltrasonicSensorComponent::us_to_m(pulse_duration);
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Got distance: %.3f m", this->name_.c_str(), result);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - pulse end before pulse start, does the echo pin need to be inverted?", this->name_.c_str());
-      result = NAN;
-    }
+    uint32_t pulse_duration = this->store_.echo_end_us - this->store_.echo_start_us;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Echo took %" PRIu32 "us", pulse_duration);
+    float result = UltrasonicSensorComponent::us_to_m(pulse_duration);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Got distance: %.3f m", this->name_.c_str(), result);
     this->publish_state(result);
     this->measurement_pending_ = false;
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
index 541f7d2b700..7d333a1b243 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ namespace esphome::ultrasonic {
 struct UltrasonicSensorStore {
   static void gpio_intr(UltrasonicSensorStore *arg);
 
-  ISRInternalGPIOPin echo_pin_isr;
-  volatile uint32_t wait_start_us{0};
+  volatile uint32_t measurement_start_us{0};
   volatile uint32_t echo_start_us{0};
   volatile uint32_t echo_end_us{0};
   volatile bool echo_start{false};

From c917b8ce06b80f1db580d84c2512cc981dc7e687 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:20:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 050/108] [logger] Fix race condition in task log buffer
 initialization (#15071)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py | 39 ++++++++++++++++-----------
 esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp  | 20 ++++++--------
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h    |  5 ++--
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index a5601e6a8f4..3da81e12a01 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -331,11 +331,27 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_LOGGER, {})[CONF_LEVEL] = level
     tx_buffer_size = config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE]
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE", tx_buffer_size)
-    log = cg.new_Pvariable(
-        config[CONF_ID],
-        baud_rate,
-    )
-    if CORE.is_esp32:
+    # Determine task log buffer size and define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER early
+    # so the constructor can allocate the buffer immediately, preventing a race
+    # where another task logs before the buffer is initialized.
+    task_log_buffer_size = 0
+    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
+        task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
+    elif CORE.is_host:
+        task_log_buffer_size = 64  # Fixed 64 slots for host
+    if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
+        log = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            config[CONF_ID],
+            baud_rate,
+            task_log_buffer_size,
+        )
+    else:
+        log = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            config[CONF_ID],
+            baud_rate,
+        )
+    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_host:
         cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
     # set_uart_selection() must be called before pre_setup() because
     # pre_setup() switches on uart_ to decide which hardware to initialize
@@ -364,17 +380,10 @@ async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     log = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     baud_rate: int = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
-    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
-        task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
+    if CORE.using_zephyr:
+        task_log_buffer_size = config.get(CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE, 0)
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
-            cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
-            cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(task_log_buffer_size))
-            if CORE.using_zephyr:
-                zephyr_add_prj_conf("MPSC_PBUF", True)
-    elif CORE.is_host:
-        cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
-        cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
-        cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(64))  # Fixed 64 slots for host
+            zephyr_add_prj_conf("MPSC_PBUF", True)
 
     # Enable runtime tag levels if logs are configured or explicitly enabled
     logs_config = config[CONF_LOGS]
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 497809cd2ee..ceacded7756 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -152,29 +152,25 @@ inline uint8_t Logger::level_for(const char *tag) {
   return this->current_level_;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t task_log_buffer_size) : baud_rate_(baud_rate) {
+#else
 Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate) : baud_rate_(baud_rate) {
+#endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   this->main_task_ = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
 #elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   this->main_task_ = k_current_get();
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
-  this->main_thread_ = pthread_self();
+this->main_thread_ = pthread_self();
 #endif
-}
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
-void Logger::init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
-  // Host uses slot count instead of byte size
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory) - allocated once, never freed
-  this->log_buffer_ = new logger::TaskLogBuffer(total_buffer_size);
-
-#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
-  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer
-  // The loop will be enabled automatically when messages arrive
-  // Zephyr with USB CDC needs loop active to poll port readiness via cdc_loop_()
-  this->disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_();
+  this->log_buffer_ = new logger::TaskLogBuffer(task_log_buffer_size);
+  // Note: we don't disable loop here because the component isn't registered with App yet.
+  // The loop self-disables on its first iteration when it finds no messages to process.
 #endif
 }
-#endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
 void Logger::loop() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 8c38cadcbc5..c81b8e4e94f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -143,9 +143,10 @@ enum UARTSelection : uint8_t {
  */
 class Logger final : public Component {
  public:
-  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate);
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
-  void init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
+  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t task_log_buffer_size);
+#else
+  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate);
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
   void loop() override;

From 2b6d63fd09a7c4d40385114bd9222037397804da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jason=20K=C3=B6lker?= <jason@koelker.net>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 20:21:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 051/108] [pmsx003] Keep active-mode reads aligned (#14832)

---
 esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp b/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp
index 114ecf435e0..6275ff60c2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp
@@ -95,10 +95,6 @@ void PMSX003Component::loop() {
         // Just go ahead and read stuff
         break;
     }
-  } else if (now - this->last_update_ < this->update_interval_) {
-    // Otherwise just leave the sensor powered up and come back when we hit the update
-    // time
-    return;
   }
 
   if (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 500) {
@@ -114,10 +110,11 @@ void PMSX003Component::loop() {
     this->read_byte(&this->data_[this->data_index_]);
     auto check = this->check_byte_();
     if (!check.has_value()) {
-      // finished
-      this->parse_data_();
+      if (this->update_interval_ > STABILISING_MS || now - this->last_update_ >= this->update_interval_) {
+        this->parse_data_();
+        this->last_update_ = now;
+      }
       this->data_index_ = 0;
-      this->last_update_ = now;
     } else if (!*check) {
       // wrong data
       this->data_index_ = 0;
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ optional<bool> PMSX003Component::check_byte_() {
       return true;
     }
 
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start character %u mismatch: 0x%02X != 0x%02X", index + 1, byte, START_CHARACTER_1);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start character %u mismatch: 0x%02X != 0x%02X", index + 1, byte, start_char);
     return false;
   }
 

From 705d548435d648eda29e044c43d538034df7f98d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:39:26 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 052/108] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.5.2 to 44.6.0 (#14927)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index da95dd5a13d..f8f60f19329 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.5.2
+aioesphomeapi==44.6.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 99d968f80a5057ec653e9fba8a55f2aa9ec5ee14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 14:06:41 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 053/108] [http_request] Prevent double update task launch
 (#14910)

---
 .../components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
index a15dc616753..1c52a281059 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ void HttpRequestUpdate::update() {
   }
   this->cancel_interval(INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_ID);
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+  if (this->update_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Update check already in progress");
+    return;
+  }
   xTaskCreate(HttpRequestUpdate::update_task, "update_task", 8192, (void *) this, 1, &this->update_task_handle_);
 #else
   this->update_task(this);
@@ -204,6 +208,9 @@ defer:
   // both success and error paths to avoid multiple std::function instantiations.
   // Lambda captures only 2 pointers (8 bytes) — fits in std::function SBO on supported toolchains.
   this_update->defer([this_update, result]() {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    this_update->update_task_handle_ = nullptr;
+#endif
     if (result->error_str != nullptr) {
       this_update->status_set_error(result->error_str);
       delete result;

From 8af0991590f27f870d3544e0b2bd6798380d9564 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 20:10:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 054/108] [ble_client] Fix RSSI sensor reporting same value for
 all clients (#14939)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
index dc032a7a98b..715298e5928 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_bl
   switch (event) {
     // server response on RSSI request:
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_READ_RSSI_COMPLETE_EVT:
+      if (!this->parent()->check_addr(param->read_rssi_cmpl.remote_addr))
+        return;
       if (param->read_rssi_cmpl.status == ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
         int8_t rssi = param->read_rssi_cmpl.rssi;
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESP_GAP_BLE_READ_RSSI_COMPLETE_EVT RSSI: %d", rssi);

From 729d3d4bc22718d0116f3dd1d47eea7d12362ef9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 21:23:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 055/108] [openthread] Guard InstanceLock against uninitialized
 semaphore (#14940)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h    |  4 ++++
 .../components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp  | 22 ++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index 75d8fe11fd7..bd10774fcf5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <openthread/instance.h>
 #include <openthread/thread.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
 
   bool is_connected() const { return this->connected_; }
+  /// Returns true once esp_openthread_init() has completed and the OT lock is usable.
+  bool is_lock_initialized() const { return this->lock_initialized_; }
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address();
   void ot_main();
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   uint32_t poll_period_{0};
 #endif
   std::optional<int8_t> output_power_{};
+  std::atomic<bool> lock_initialized_{false};
   bool teardown_started_{false};
   bool teardown_complete_{false};
   bool connected_{false};
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 9cc9223b523..27712bd86ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "esp_openthread_lock.h"
 
 #include "esp_task_wdt.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -81,6 +82,9 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   // Initialize the OpenThread stack
   // otLoggingSetLevel(OT_LOG_LEVEL_DEBG);
   ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_openthread_init(&config));
+  // Mark lock as initialized so InstanceLock callers know it's safe to acquire.
+  // Must be set after esp_openthread_init() which creates the internal semaphore.
+  this->lock_initialized_ = true;
   // Fetch OT instance once to avoid repeated call into OT stack
   otInstance *instance = esp_openthread_get_instance();
 
@@ -180,7 +184,8 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
 
   esp_openthread_launch_mainloop();
 
-  // Clean up
+  // Clean up - reset lock flag before deinit destroys the semaphore
+  this->lock_initialized_ = false;
   esp_openthread_deinit();
   esp_openthread_netif_glue_deinit();
   esp_netif_destroy(openthread_netif);
@@ -210,6 +215,9 @@ network::IPAddresses OpenThreadComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
 otInstance *OpenThreadComponent::get_openthread_instance_() { return esp_openthread_get_instance(); }
 
 std::optional<InstanceLock> InstanceLock::try_acquire(int delay) {
+  if (!global_openthread_component->is_lock_initialized()) {
+    return {};
+  }
   if (esp_openthread_lock_acquire(delay)) {
     return InstanceLock();
   }
@@ -217,6 +225,18 @@ std::optional<InstanceLock> InstanceLock::try_acquire(int delay) {
 }
 
 InstanceLock InstanceLock::acquire() {
+  // Wait for the lock to be created by ot_main() before attempting to acquire it.
+  // esp_openthread_lock_acquire() will assert-crash if called before esp_openthread_init().
+  constexpr uint32_t lock_init_timeout_ms = 10000;
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (!global_openthread_component->is_lock_initialized()) {
+    if (millis() - start > lock_init_timeout_ms) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "OpenThread lock not initialized after %" PRIu32 "ms, aborting", lock_init_timeout_ms);
+      abort();
+    }
+    delay(10);
+    esp_task_wdt_reset();
+  }
   while (!esp_openthread_lock_acquire(100)) {
     esp_task_wdt_reset();
   }

From 5cbe9362569e17447c661e2cf5ad9a528b2a7ef7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 23:43:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 056/108] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.6.0 to 44.6.1 (#14954)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index f8f60f19329..9e2f4efe3e9 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.6.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.6.1
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 08cab43548fb7546690cdabd07cda2f7a0c0e74a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 08:44:35 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 057/108] [time] Fix lookup of top-level IANA timezone keys
 like UTC and GMT (#14952)

---
 esphome/components/time/__init__.py | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
index 7ffa408db97..9821046a737 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -59,15 +59,20 @@ _DST_RULE_TYPE_MAP = {
 
 def _load_tzdata(iana_key: str) -> bytes | None:
     # From https://tzdata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#examples
+    if not iana_key:
+        return None
     try:
         package_loc, resource = iana_key.rsplit("/", 1)
     except ValueError:
-        return None
-    package = "tzdata.zoneinfo." + package_loc.replace("/", ".")
+        # Handle top-level timezone entries like "UTC", "GMT"
+        package = "tzdata.zoneinfo"
+        resource = iana_key
+    else:
+        package = "tzdata.zoneinfo." + package_loc.replace("/", ".")
 
     try:
         return (resources.files(package) / resource).read_bytes()
-    except (FileNotFoundError, ModuleNotFoundError):
+    except (FileNotFoundError, ModuleNotFoundError, IsADirectoryError):
         return None
 
 

From daf3502e1527dde0a919f39898ca9cc61849dc8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 14:11:49 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 058/108] [logger] Fix ESP8266 crash with VERY_VERBOSE log
 level (#14980)

---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py | 29 ++++++++++++++++++---------
 esphome/core/config.py                |  4 +++-
 esphome/coroutine.py                  | 10 +++++++--
 esphome/writer.py                     |  3 +++
 4 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 675f9a2ca4b..a5601e6a8f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, Lambda, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 logger_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("logger")
@@ -323,12 +324,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.DIAGNOSTICS)
-async def to_code(config):
-    baud_rate = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.EARLY_INIT)
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    baud_rate: int = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
     level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_LOGGER, {})[CONF_LEVEL] = level
-    initial_level = LOG_LEVELS[config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL, level)]
     tx_buffer_size = config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE]
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE", tx_buffer_size)
     log = cg.new_Pvariable(
@@ -347,10 +347,23 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 HARDWARE_UART_TO_UART_SELECTION[config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART]]
             )
         )
-    # pre_setup() must be called before init_log_buffer() because
-    # init_log_buffer() calls disable_loop() which may log at VV level,
-    # and global_logger must be set before any logging occurs.
+    # pre_setup() sets global_logger and must run before any other code
+    # that may call ESP_LOG* (e.g. setup_preferences contains ESP_LOGVV).
     cg.add(log.pre_setup())
+    initial_level = LOG_LEVELS[config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL, level)]
+    cg.add(log.set_log_level(initial_level))
+
+    # Schedule the rest of logger setup at DIAGNOSTICS priority, after
+    # Application is constructed (CORE priority) but before most components.
+    CORE.add_job(_late_logger_init, config)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.DIAGNOSTICS)
+async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Finish logger setup after Application is constructed."""
+    log = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
+    baud_rate: int = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
     if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
         task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
@@ -363,8 +376,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
         cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(64))  # Fixed 64 slots for host
 
-    cg.add(log.set_log_level(initial_level))
-
     # Enable runtime tag levels if logs are configured or explicitly enabled
     logs_config = config[CONF_LOGS]
     if logs_config or config[CONF_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS]:
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index d4a839cb795..bdfb1cc4171 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -587,7 +587,9 @@ async def _add_looping_components() -> None:
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    cg.add_global(cg.global_ns.namespace("esphome").using)
+    # using namespace esphome is hardcoded in writer.py to guarantee it
+    # precedes all variable declarations regardless of coroutine priority.
+
     # These can be used by user lambdas, put them to default scope
     cg.add_global(cg.RawExpression("using std::isnan"))
     cg.add_global(cg.RawExpression("using std::min"))
diff --git a/esphome/coroutine.py b/esphome/coroutine.py
index f5d512e510e..3ce94cc9791 100644
--- a/esphome/coroutine.py
+++ b/esphome/coroutine.py
@@ -63,7 +63,13 @@ class CoroPriority(enum.IntEnum):
     resolution during code generation.
     """
 
-    # Platform initialization - must run first
+    # Early init - runs before platform init and before Application exists.
+    # Currently used only to connect logging so ESP_LOG* calls work
+    # immediately in all subsequent phases.
+    # Examples: logger (1100)
+    EARLY_INIT = 1100
+
+    # Platform initialization
     # Examples: esp32, esp8266, rp2040
     PLATFORM = 1000
 
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ class CoroPriority(enum.IntEnum):
     CORE = 100
 
     # Diagnostic and debugging systems
-    # Examples: logger (90)
+    # Examples: debug component (90)
     DIAGNOSTICS = 90
 
     # Status and monitoring systems
diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index fd4c811fb35..69a35d00e34 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -381,7 +381,10 @@ def write_cpp(code_s):
         code_format = CPP_BASE_FORMAT
 
     copy_src_tree()
+    # using namespace esphome must precede all variable declarations since
+    # codegen types assume this namespace is in scope (esphome_ns = global_ns).
     global_s = '#include "esphome.h"\n'
+    global_s += "using namespace esphome;\n"
     global_s += CORE.cpp_global_section
 
     full_file = f"{code_format[0] + CPP_INCLUDE_BEGIN}\n{global_s}{CPP_INCLUDE_END}"

From 08187a01b1de0897a9e42f7bf9b4eb5e577c5275 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 11:39:10 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 059/108] [sdl] Fix get_width()/height() when rotation used
 (#14950)

---
 esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h   |  4 +--
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp
index f235e4e68cf..74ca2ce39a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,30 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace sdl {
 
+int Sdl::get_width() {
+  switch (this->rotation_) {
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES:
+      return this->get_height_internal();
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES:
+    default:
+      return this->get_width_internal();
+  }
+}
+
+int Sdl::get_height() {
+  switch (this->rotation_) {
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES:
+      return this->get_height_internal();
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES:
+    case display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES:
+    default:
+      return this->get_width_internal();
+  }
+}
+
 void Sdl::setup() {
   SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
   this->window_ = SDL_CreateWindow(App.get_name().c_str(), this->pos_x_, this->pos_y_, this->width_, this->height_,
@@ -49,6 +73,19 @@ void Sdl::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
   if (!this->get_clipping().inside(x, y))
     return;
 
+  if (this->rotation_ == display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES) {
+    x = this->width_ - x - 1;
+    y = this->height_ - y - 1;
+  } else if (this->rotation_ == display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES) {
+    auto tmp = x;
+    x = this->width_ - y - 1;
+    y = tmp;
+  } else if (this->rotation_ == display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES) {
+    auto tmp = y;
+    y = this->height_ - x - 1;
+    x = tmp;
+  }
+
   SDL_Rect rect{x, y, 1, 1};
   auto data = (display::ColorUtil::color_to_565(color, display::COLOR_ORDER_RGB));
   SDL_UpdateTexture(this->texture_, &rect, &data, 2);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h
index bf5fde14282..968434a04fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/sdl_esphome.h
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class Sdl : public display::Display {
     this->pos_x_ = pos_x;
     this->pos_y_ = pos_y;
   }
-  int get_width() override { return this->width_; }
-  int get_height() override { return this->height_; }
+  int get_width() override;
+  int get_height() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
   void dump_config() override { LOG_DISPLAY("", "SDL", this); }
   void add_key_listener(int32_t keycode, std::function<void(bool)> &&callback) {

From d4f7cb984cdc2510a676f65bc5ca7f70f5eba903 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 20:56:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 060/108] [uart] Fix UART0 default pin IOMUX loopback on ESP32
 (#14978)

---
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           | 33 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 47ddf1a38d7..8168e49805a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "driver/gpio.h"
+#include "esp_private/gpio.h"
 #include "soc/gpio_num.h"
+#include "soc/uart_pins.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
@@ -21,6 +23,20 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uart.idf";
 
+/// Check if a pin number matches one of the default UART0 GPIO pins.
+/// These pins may have residual IOMUX state from the ROM bootloader that
+/// must be cleared before UART reconfiguration.
+///
+/// ESP-IDF's uart_set_pin() has an asymmetry: when routing TX via GPIO matrix,
+/// it calls gpio_func_sel(PIN_FUNC_GPIO) to clear IOMUX, but for RX it only
+/// calls gpio_input_enable() which does NOT clear the IOMUX function select.
+/// If a default UART0 TX pin (configured as TX via IOMUX during boot) is later
+/// reassigned as RX via GPIO matrix, the old IOMUX TX function remains active,
+/// causing TX data to loop back into RX on the same pin.
+static constexpr bool is_default_uart0_pin(int8_t pin_num) {
+  return pin_num == U0TXD_GPIO_NUM || pin_num == U0RXD_GPIO_NUM;
+}
+
 uart_config_t IDFUARTComponent::get_config_() {
   uart_parity_t parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE;
   if (this->parity_ == UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN) {
@@ -131,6 +147,19 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     return;
   }
 
+  int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+  int8_t rx = this->rx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->rx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+  int8_t flow_control = this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr ? this->flow_control_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+
+  // Clear residual IOMUX function on UART0 default pins left by the ROM bootloader.
+  // See is_default_uart0_pin() comment for details on the ESP-IDF uart_set_pin() bug.
+  if (is_default_uart0_pin(tx)) {
+    gpio_func_sel(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(tx), PIN_FUNC_GPIO);
+  }
+  if (is_default_uart0_pin(rx)) {
+    gpio_func_sel(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(rx), PIN_FUNC_GPIO);
+  }
+
   auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
     if (!pin) {
       return;
@@ -146,10 +175,6 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     setup_pin_if_needed(this->tx_pin_);
   }
 
-  int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-  int8_t rx = this->rx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->rx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-  int8_t flow_control = this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr ? this->flow_control_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-
   uint32_t invert = 0;
   if (this->tx_pin_ != nullptr && this->tx_pin_->is_inverted()) {
     invert |= UART_SIGNAL_TXD_INV;

From 0297260a5773d38a2a65ade6cf35333f9aff09f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Roehrenbeck <kroehre@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 15:11:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 061/108] [ld2450] Fix zone target counts including untracked
 ghost targets (#15026)

---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index f9701cbdf66..1946831ca88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -534,10 +534,11 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     }
 #endif
 
-    // Store target info for zone target count
-    this->target_info_[index].x = tx;
-    this->target_info_[index].y = ty;
-    this->target_info_[index].is_moving = is_moving;
+    // Store target info for zone target count. Zero out untracked targets (td==0)
+    // so stale coordinates don't produce ghost counts in count_targets_in_zone_().
+    this->target_info_[index].x = (td > 0) ? tx : 0;
+    this->target_info_[index].y = (td > 0) ? ty : 0;
+    this->target_info_[index].is_moving = (td > 0) && is_moving;
 
   }  // End loop thru targets
 

From 28e8250b69e7ae9662e166a6bcf69085f5e3d48f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 11:10:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 062/108] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.6.1 to 44.6.2 (#15027)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 9e2f4efe3e9..10e56c3b49d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.6.1
+aioesphomeapi==44.6.2
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 12eed0d38407c77c70179b2dcbb9c969c06a79c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:06:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 063/108] [api] Increase noise handshake timeout to 60s for
 slow WiFi environments (#15022)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index dea3ba5460b..d97ef97762a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,11 @@ static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS *
 // A stalled handshake from a buggy client or network glitch holds a connection
 // slot, which can prevent legitimate clients from reconnecting. Also hardens
 // against the less likely case of intentional connection slot exhaustion.
-static constexpr uint32_t HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
+//
+// 60s is intentionally high: on ESP8266 with power_save_mode: LIGHT and weak
+// WiFi (-70 dBm+), TCP retransmissions push real-world handshake times to
+// 28-30s. See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14999
+static constexpr uint32_t HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
 
 static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
 

From 3fe84eadef1e5448f6bae7c5f88ac74154e9f6d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:13:49 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 064/108] [wifi] Fix ESP8266 power_save_mode mapping
 (LIGHT/HIGH were swapped) (#15029)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 0bf7934878a..5514f1c6be5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -92,13 +92,23 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_mode_(optional<bool> sta, optional<bool> ap) {
   return ret;
 }
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_power_save_() {
+  // ESP8266 sleep types have confusing names — LIGHT_SLEEP_T is the MORE aggressive mode.
+  // SDK enum: NONE_SLEEP_T=0, LIGHT_SLEEP_T=1, MODEM_SLEEP_T=2
+  //   https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/3.1.2/tools/sdk/include/user_interface.h#L447-L451
+  // Arduino ESP32 compat confirms: WIFI_PS_MIN_MODEM=MODEM_SLEEP, WIFI_PS_MAX_MODEM=LIGHT_SLEEP
+  //   https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/3.1.2/libraries/ESP8266WiFi/src/ESP8266WiFiType.h#L53-L55
   sleep_type_t power_save;
   switch (this->power_save_) {
     case WIFI_POWER_SAVE_LIGHT:
-      power_save = LIGHT_SLEEP_T;
+      // MODEM_SLEEP_T: only the WiFi modem sleeps between DTIM beacons, CPU stays active.
+      // Matches ESP32's WIFI_PS_MIN_MODEM.
+      power_save = MODEM_SLEEP_T;
       break;
     case WIFI_POWER_SAVE_HIGH:
-      power_save = MODEM_SLEEP_T;
+      // LIGHT_SLEEP_T: both WiFi modem AND CPU suspend between DTIM beacons.
+      // Most aggressive — prevents TCP processing during sleep. Matches ESP32's WIFI_PS_MAX_MODEM.
+      // See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14999
+      power_save = LIGHT_SLEEP_T;
       break;
     case WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE:
     default:

From 0bf6e1e8398a3793d5b28b50de20459ec183c132 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 19:53:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 065/108] [esp32_touch] Fix initial state never published when
 sensor untouched (#15032)

---
 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
index e7124ce92f9..0d331b29d60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
@@ -360,11 +360,16 @@ void ESP32TouchComponent::loop() {
   }
 
   // Publish initial OFF state for sensors that haven't received events yet
+  bool all_initial_published = true;
   for (auto *child : this->children_) {
     this->publish_initial_state_if_needed_(child, now);
+    if (!child->initial_state_published_) {
+      all_initial_published = false;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (!this->setup_mode_) {
+  // Only disable loop once all initial states are published
+  if (!this->setup_mode_ && all_initial_published) {
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 }

From 98b4e1ea15c8badd9e701e225dc59a5de12a3824 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 13:57:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 066/108] [web_server] Increase httpd task stack size to
 prevent stack overflow (#14997)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index f18570965b7..45ee711b1eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -120,7 +120,10 @@ void AsyncWebServer::begin() {
   if (this->server_) {
     this->end();
   }
+  // Default httpd stack is defined by ESP-IDF. Increase to accommodate SerializationBuffer's
+  // 640-byte stack buffer used by web_server JSON request handlers.
   httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
+  config.stack_size = config.stack_size + 256;
   config.server_port = this->port_;
   config.uri_match_fn = [](const char * /*unused*/, const char * /*unused*/, size_t /*unused*/) { return true; };
   // Always enable LRU purging to handle socket exhaustion gracefully.

From 06cc5a29a733c1078ead4bdf7f6dfc46c5bbe57d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 13:58:02 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 067/108] [core] Add copy() method to StringRef for std::string
 compatibility (#15028)

---
 esphome/core/string_ref.h | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/core/string_ref.h b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
index 60472027530..34ba2474b2a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/string_ref.h
+++ b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
@@ -76,6 +76,15 @@ class StringRef {
   constexpr bool empty() const { return len_ == 0; }
   constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const { return *(base_ + pos); }
 
+  /// Copy characters to destination buffer (std::string::copy-like, but returns 0 instead of throwing on out-of-range)
+  size_type copy(char *dest, size_type count, size_type pos = 0) const {
+    if (pos >= len_)
+      return 0;
+    size_type actual = (count > len_ - pos) ? len_ - pos : count;
+    std::memcpy(dest, base_ + pos, actual);
+    return actual;
+  }
+
   std::string str() const { return std::string(base_, len_); }
   const uint8_t *byte() const { return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(base_); }
 

From 42da28185456200efbf886da2e4cdad2e670bc97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2026 13:58:14 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 068/108] [time] Fix timezone_offset() and
 recalc_timestamp_local() always returning UTC (#14996)

---
 esphome/core/time.cpp | 16 ++++++----------
 esphome/core/time.h   |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/time.cpp b/esphome/core/time.cpp
index 73ba0a9be7b..6add82e7d14 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/time.cpp
@@ -283,19 +283,15 @@ void ESPTime::recalc_timestamp_local() {
   bool dst_valid = time::is_in_dst(utc_if_dst, tz);
   bool std_valid = !time::is_in_dst(utc_if_std, tz);
 
-  if (dst_valid && std_valid) {
-    // Ambiguous time (repeated hour during fall-back) - prefer standard time
-    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
-  } else if (dst_valid) {
+  if (dst_valid && !std_valid) {
     // Only DST interpretation is valid
     this->timestamp = utc_if_dst;
-  } else if (std_valid) {
-    // Only standard interpretation is valid
-    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
   } else {
-    // Invalid time (skipped hour during spring-forward)
-    // libc normalizes forward: 02:30 CST -> 08:30 UTC -> 03:30 CDT
-    // Using std offset achieves this since the UTC result falls during DST
+    // All other cases use standard offset:
+    // - Both valid (ambiguous fall-back repeated hour): prefer standard time
+    // - Only standard valid: straightforward
+    // - Neither valid (spring-forward skipped hour): std offset normalizes
+    //   forward to match libc mktime(), e.g. 02:30 CST -> 03:30 CDT
     this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
   }
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index 874f0db4b4a..1716c51ffd5 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>

From 77264de3f6a17c2f5f0f1bb62bee0f75febab28f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Sieb <samuel-github@sieb.net>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 11:13:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 069/108] [analog_threshhold] add missing header (#15058)

---
 .../components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h
index 9ea95d85705..dd707681054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"

From 2352c732de79b76bb277dc6e1927f73105de12ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2026 15:33:42 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 070/108] [mqtt] Rate-limit component resends to prevent task
 WDT on reconnect (#15061)

---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp  | 17 ++++++++++++++---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index 38daf8f8f6f..ab665e2579a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mqtt";
 
+// Maximum number of MQTT component resends per loop iteration.
+// Limits work to avoid triggering the task watchdog on reconnect.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_RESENDS_PER_LOOP = 8;
+
 // Disconnect reason strings indexed by MQTTClientDisconnectReason enum (0-8)
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(MQTTDisconnectReasonStrings, "TCP disconnected", "Unacceptable Protocol Version",
                      "Identifier Rejected", "Server Unavailable", "Malformed Credentials", "Not Authorized",
@@ -396,9 +400,16 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::loop() {
         this->resubscribe_subscriptions_();
 
         // Process pending resends for all MQTT components centrally
-        // This is more efficient than each component polling in its own loop
-        for (MQTTComponent *component : this->children_) {
-          component->process_resend();
+        // Limit work per loop iteration to avoid triggering task WDT on reconnect
+        {
+          uint8_t resend_count = 0;
+          for (MQTTComponent *component : this->children_) {
+            if (component->is_resend_pending()) {
+              component->process_resend();
+              if (++resend_count >= MAX_RESENDS_PER_LOOP)
+                break;
+            }
+          }
         }
       }
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
index 2403ef64ea3..7983e04870e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Internal method for the MQTT client base to schedule a resend of the state on reconnect.
   void schedule_resend_state();
 
+  /// Check if a resend is pending (called by MQTTClientComponent to rate-limit work)
+  bool is_resend_pending() const { return this->resend_state_; }
+
   /// Process pending resend if needed (called by MQTTClientComponent)
   void process_resend();
 

From b5880df93c6830003b46d106181a26516a4fac07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:14:52 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 071/108] [light] Fix constant_brightness broken by gamma LUT
 refactor (#15048)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h |  10 +
 esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp      |  47 ++++-
 .../fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml   |  57 ++++++
 .../test_light_constant_brightness.py         | 188 ++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 296 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
index 3a9ca8c8c23..a2c2dbca465 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
@@ -154,6 +154,16 @@ class LightColorValues {
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an CWWW representation with the given parameters.
+  ///
+  /// Note on gamma and constant_brightness: This method operates on the raw/internal channel
+  /// values stored in this object. For cold_white_ and warm_white_ specifically, these
+  /// may already be gamma-uncorrected when derived from a color_temperature value.
+  /// For constant_brightness=false, additional gamma for the output can be applied after
+  /// this method since gamma commutes with simple multiplication. For constant_brightness=true,
+  /// the caller (LightState::current_values_as_cwww) must apply gamma to the individual
+  /// channel values BEFORE the balancing formula, because the nonlinear max/sum ratio does
+  /// not commute with gamma. See LightState::current_values_as_cwww() for the correct
+  /// implementation.
   void as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, bool constant_brightness = false) const {
     if (this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE) {
       const float cw_level = this->cold_white_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
index 161092532ac..1b736d84f68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
@@ -223,12 +223,11 @@ void LightState::current_values_as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, f
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_rgbww(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *cold_white, float *warm_white,
                                          bool constant_brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_rgbww(red, green, blue, cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
+  this->current_values.as_rgb(red, green, blue);
   *red = this->gamma_correct_lut(*red);
   *green = this->gamma_correct_lut(*green);
   *blue = this->gamma_correct_lut(*blue);
-  *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
-  *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
+  this->current_values_as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_rgbct(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *color_temperature,
                                          float *white_brightness) {
@@ -241,9 +240,45 @@ void LightState::current_values_as_rgbct(float *red, float *green, float *blue,
   *white_brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*white_brightness);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, bool constant_brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
-  *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
-  *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
+  if (!constant_brightness) {
+    // Without constant_brightness, gamma commutes with simple multiplication:
+    //   gamma(white_level * cw) = gamma(white_level) * gamma(cw)
+    // (since gamma(a*b) = (a*b)^g = a^g * b^g = gamma(a) * gamma(b))
+    // so applying gamma after is mathematically equivalent and simpler.
+    this->current_values.as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, false);
+    *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
+    *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // For constant_brightness mode, gamma MUST be applied to the individual
+  // channel values BEFORE the balancing formula (max/sum ratio), not after.
+  //
+  // Why: The cold_white_ and warm_white_ values stored in LightColorValues
+  // are gamma-uncorrected (see transform_parameters_() which applies
+  // gamma_uncorrect to the linear CW/WW fractions derived from color
+  // temperature). Applying gamma_correct here recovers the original linear
+  // fractions, which the constant_brightness formula then uses to distribute
+  // power evenly. The max/sum formula ensures cold+warm PWM output sums to
+  // a constant, keeping total power (and perceived brightness) the same
+  // across all color temperatures.
+  //
+  // Applying gamma AFTER the formula would be incorrect because gamma is
+  // nonlinear: gamma(a/b) != gamma(a)/gamma(b), so the carefully balanced
+  // ratio would be distorted, causing a severe brightness dip at mid-range
+  // color temperatures.
+  const auto &v = this->current_values;
+  if (!(v.get_color_mode() & ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE)) {
+    *cold_white = *warm_white = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const float cw_level = this->gamma_correct_lut(v.get_cold_white());
+  const float ww_level = this->gamma_correct_lut(v.get_warm_white());
+  const float white_level = this->gamma_correct_lut(v.get_state() * v.get_brightness());
+  const float sum = cw_level > 0 || ww_level > 0 ? cw_level + ww_level : 1;  // Don't divide by zero.
+  *cold_white = white_level * std::max(cw_level, ww_level) * cw_level / sum;
+  *warm_white = white_level * std::max(cw_level, ww_level) * ww_level / sum;
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_ct(float *color_temperature, float *white_brightness) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4357a16d58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-cb-test
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: cb_cold_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "CB_CW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: cb_warm_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "CB_WW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: ncb_cold_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "NCB_CW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: ncb_warm_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "NCB_WW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+
+light:
+  - platform: cwww
+    name: "Test CB Light"
+    id: test_cb_light
+    cold_white: cb_cold_white_output
+    warm_white: cb_warm_white_output
+    cold_white_color_temperature: 6536 K
+    warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
+    constant_brightness: true
+    gamma_correct: 2.8
+
+  - platform: cwww
+    name: "Test NCB Light"
+    id: test_ncb_light
+    cold_white: ncb_cold_white_output
+    warm_white: ncb_warm_white_output
+    cold_white_color_temperature: 6536 K
+    warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
+    constant_brightness: false
+    gamma_correct: 2.8
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py b/tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..622dc0e0650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""Integration test for constant_brightness with gamma correction.
+
+Tests both constant_brightness: true and false cwww lights with gamma
+correction in a single compilation to verify:
+- constant_brightness: true maintains constant total CW+WW power output
+- constant_brightness: false correctly varies total power across color temps
+
+This is a regression test for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/15040
+where the gamma LUT refactor (#14123) broke constant_brightness by applying
+gamma after the balancing formula instead of before it.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, LightInfo, LightState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_constant_brightness(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test constant_brightness true and false behavior with gamma correction."""
+    # Track output values for both lights from log lines
+    cb_cw_pattern = re.compile(r"(?<!N)CB_CW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    cb_ww_pattern = re.compile(r"(?<!N)CB_WW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    ncb_cw_pattern = re.compile(r"NCB_CW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    ncb_ww_pattern = re.compile(r"NCB_WW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+
+    latest: dict[str, float] = {
+        "cb_cw": 0.0,
+        "cb_ww": 0.0,
+        "ncb_cw": 0.0,
+        "ncb_ww": 0.0,
+    }
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        for pattern, key in [
+            (cb_cw_pattern, "cb_cw"),
+            (cb_ww_pattern, "cb_ww"),
+            (ncb_cw_pattern, "ncb_cw"),
+            (ncb_ww_pattern, "ncb_ww"),
+        ]:
+            match = pattern.search(line)
+            if match:
+                latest[key] = float(match.group(1))
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        lights = [e for e in entities if isinstance(e, LightInfo)]
+        cb_light = next(e for e in lights if e.object_id.endswith("cb_light"))
+        ncb_light = next(e for e in lights if e.object_id.endswith("ncb_light"))
+
+        # Use InitialStateHelper to wait for initial state broadcast
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+
+        # Track state changes per light key
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[EntityState]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if isinstance(state, LightState) and state.key in state_futures:
+                future = state_futures[state.key]
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(state)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        async def send_and_wait(
+            light_key: int, timeout: float = 5.0, **kwargs: Any
+        ) -> LightState:
+            """Send a light command and wait for the state response."""
+            state_futures[light_key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.light_command(key=light_key, **kwargs)
+            try:
+                return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[light_key], timeout=timeout)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                pytest.fail(f"Timeout waiting for light state after command: {kwargs}")
+
+        # --- Test constant_brightness: true ---
+
+        # Turn on CB light at full brightness
+        await send_and_wait(
+            cb_light.key,
+            state=True,
+            brightness=1.0,
+            color_temperature=153.0,
+            transition_length=0,
+        )
+
+        test_mireds = [
+            153.0,  # Pure cold white
+            200.0,  # Mostly cold
+            280.0,  # Mixed
+            326.5,  # Midpoint
+            400.0,  # Mostly warm
+            500.0,  # Pure warm white
+        ]
+
+        cb_totals: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for mireds in test_mireds:
+            await send_and_wait(
+                cb_light.key, color_temperature=mireds, transition_length=0
+            )
+            cb_totals.append((mireds, latest["cb_cw"], latest["cb_ww"]))
+
+        # All totals should be approximately equal (constant brightness)
+        reference_total = next((cw + ww for _, cw, ww in cb_totals if cw + ww > 0), 0)
+        assert reference_total > 0, (
+            f"Reference total power is zero, CB light outputs not working. "
+            f"Values: {cb_totals}"
+        )
+
+        for mireds, cw, ww in cb_totals:
+            total = cw + ww
+            assert total == pytest.approx(reference_total, rel=0.05), (
+                f"constant_brightness: Total power at {mireds} mireds "
+                f"({total:.4f}) differs from reference ({reference_total:.4f}) "
+                f"by more than 5%. CW={cw:.4f}, WW={ww:.4f}. "
+                f"All values: {cb_totals}"
+            )
+
+        # --- Test constant_brightness: false ---
+
+        # Turn on NCB light at full brightness
+        await send_and_wait(
+            ncb_light.key,
+            state=True,
+            brightness=1.0,
+            color_temperature=153.0,
+            transition_length=0,
+        )
+
+        ncb_totals: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for mireds in test_mireds:
+            await send_and_wait(
+                ncb_light.key, color_temperature=mireds, transition_length=0
+            )
+            ncb_totals.append((mireds, latest["ncb_cw"], latest["ncb_ww"]))
+
+        extreme_cw = ncb_totals[0]  # 153 mireds - pure cold
+        extreme_ww = ncb_totals[-1]  # 500 mireds - pure warm
+        midpoint = ncb_totals[3]  # 326.5 mireds - midpoint
+
+        # At pure cold white, WW should be ~0
+        assert extreme_cw[2] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+            f"Pure cold white should have WW~0, got WW={extreme_cw[2]:.4f}"
+        )
+        # At pure warm white, CW should be ~0
+        assert extreme_ww[1] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+            f"Pure warm white should have CW~0, got CW={extreme_ww[1]:.4f}"
+        )
+
+        # At midpoint, both channels should be non-zero
+        assert midpoint[1] > 0.05, f"Midpoint CW should be >0.05, got {midpoint[1]:.4f}"
+        assert midpoint[2] > 0.05, f"Midpoint WW should be >0.05, got {midpoint[2]:.4f}"
+
+        # Total power at midpoint should be higher than at the extremes
+        midpoint_total = midpoint[1] + midpoint[2]
+        extreme_cw_total = extreme_cw[1] + extreme_cw[2]
+        extreme_ww_total = extreme_ww[1] + extreme_ww[2]
+
+        assert midpoint_total > extreme_cw_total, (
+            f"Midpoint total ({midpoint_total:.4f}) should be > pure CW total "
+            f"({extreme_cw_total:.4f}). All values: {ncb_totals}"
+        )
+        assert midpoint_total > extreme_ww_total, (
+            f"Midpoint total ({midpoint_total:.4f}) should be > pure WW total "
+            f"({extreme_ww_total:.4f}). All values: {ncb_totals}"
+        )

From 9abc112f7606870ae868954f07547769e0040b83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:16:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 072/108] [sht4x] Fix heater causing measurement jitter
 (#15030)

---
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp | 40 ++++++++++++++++--------------
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h   |  3 ++-
 tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml |  4 +++
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
index 42be3262029..43c2436a563 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
@@ -9,14 +9,12 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sht4x";
 static const uint8_t MEASURECOMMANDS[] = {0xFD, 0xF6, 0xE0};
 static const uint8_t SERIAL_NUMBER_COMMAND = 0x89;
 
-void SHT4XComponent::start_heater_() {
-  uint8_t cmd[] = {this->heater_command_};
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater turning on");
-  if (this->write(cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to turn on heater"));
-  }
-}
+// Conversion constants from SHT4x datasheet
+static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_OFFSET = -45.0f;
+static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_SPAN = 175.0f;
+static constexpr float HUMIDITY_OFFSET = -6.0f;
+static constexpr float HUMIDITY_SPAN = 125.0f;
+static constexpr float RAW_MAX = 65535.0f;
 
 void SHT4XComponent::read_serial_number_() {
   uint16_t buffer[2];
@@ -39,8 +37,8 @@ void SHT4XComponent::setup() {
   this->read_serial_number_();
 
   if (std::isfinite(this->duty_cycle_) && this->duty_cycle_ > 0.0f) {
-    uint32_t heater_interval = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->heater_time_) / this->duty_cycle_);
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater interval: %" PRIu32, heater_interval);
+    this->heater_interval_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->heater_time_) / this->duty_cycle_);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater interval: %" PRIu32, this->heater_interval_);
 
     if (this->heater_power_ == SHT4X_HEATERPOWER_HIGH) {
       if (this->heater_time_ == SHT4X_HEATERTIME_LONG) {
@@ -62,8 +60,6 @@ void SHT4XComponent::setup() {
       }
     }
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater command: %x", this->heater_command_);
-
-    this->set_interval(heater_interval, std::bind(&SHT4XComponent::start_heater_, this));
   }
 }
 
@@ -106,19 +102,27 @@ void SHT4XComponent::update() {
     // Evaluate and publish measurements
     if (this->temp_sensor_ != nullptr) {
       // Temp is contained in the first result word
-      float sensor_value_temp = buffer[0];
-      float temp = -45 + 175 * sensor_value_temp / 65535;
-
+      float temp = TEMPERATURE_OFFSET + TEMPERATURE_SPAN * static_cast<float>(buffer[0]) / RAW_MAX;
       this->temp_sensor_->publish_state(temp);
     }
 
     if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
       // Relative humidity is in the second result word
-      float sensor_value_rh = buffer[1];
-      float rh = -6 + 125 * sensor_value_rh / 65535;
-
+      float rh = HUMIDITY_OFFSET + HUMIDITY_SPAN * static_cast<float>(buffer[1]) / RAW_MAX;
       this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(rh);
     }
+
+    // Fire heater after measurement to maximize cooldown time before the next reading.
+    // The heater command produces a measurement that we don't need (datasheet 4.9).
+    if (this->heater_interval_ > 0) {
+      uint32_t now = millis();
+      if (now - this->last_heater_millis_ >= this->heater_interval_) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater turning on");
+        if (this->write_command(this->heater_command_)) {
+          this->last_heater_millis_ = now;
+        }
+      }
+    }
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h
index aec0f3d7f8e..51f473fe3f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.h
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ class SHT4XComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::Sensiri
   SHT4XHEATERTIME heater_time_;
   float duty_cycle_;
 
-  void start_heater_();
   void read_serial_number_();
   uint8_t heater_command_;
+  uint32_t heater_interval_{0};
+  uint32_t last_heater_millis_{0};
   uint32_t serial_number_;
 
   sensor::Sensor *temp_sensor_{nullptr};
diff --git a/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml
index 50d5ad8ca46..bec192d6db5 100644
--- a/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml
@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ sensor:
     humidity:
       name: SHT4X Humidity
     address: 0x44
+    precision: High
+    heater_max_duty: 0.02
+    heater_power: High
+    heater_time: Long
     update_interval: 15s

From 67ab2e143c8c549bcdbc1fe0f05c2e488075b661 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:17:59 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 073/108] [uart] Fix RTL87xx compilation failure due to SUCCESS
 macro collision (#15054)

---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h    |  5 +++++
 tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index 853de719fef..7b61501d443 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -30,12 +30,17 @@ enum UARTDirection {
 const LogString *parity_to_str(UARTParityOptions parity);
 
 /// Result of a flush() call.
+// Some vendor SDKs (e.g., Realtek) define SUCCESS as a macro.
+// Save and restore around the enum to avoid collisions with our scoped enum value.
+#pragma push_macro("SUCCESS")
+#undef SUCCESS
 enum class FlushResult {
   SUCCESS,          ///< Confirmed: all bytes left the TX FIFO.
   TIMEOUT,          ///< Confirmed: timed out before TX completed.
   FAILED,           ///< Confirmed: driver or hardware error.
   ASSUMED_SUCCESS,  ///< Platform cannot report result; success is assumed.
 };
+#pragma pop_macro("SUCCESS")
 
 class UARTComponent {
  public:
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..414bf1f14d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+uart:
+  - id: uart_id
+    tx_pin: PA23
+    rx_pin: PA18
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    data_bits: 8
+    parity: NONE
+    stop_bits: 1
+
+switch:
+  - platform: uart
+    name: "UART Switch"
+    uart_id: uart_id
+    data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]

From de3292c828c2116713dafddf86e725e6f2b69fc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:19:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 074/108] [light] Fix gamma LUT quantizing small brightness to
 zero (#15060)

---
 esphome/components/light/__init__.py          |  28 +++--
 tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py |   0
 .../components/light/test_gamma_table.py      | 117 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
index 4403281116a..64452e42820 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
@@ -81,18 +81,32 @@ def _get_data() -> LightData:
     return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
 
 
+def generate_gamma_table(gamma_correct: float) -> list[HexInt]:
+    """Generate a 256-entry uint16 gamma lookup table.
+
+    For gamma > 0, non-zero indices are clamped to a minimum of 1 to preserve
+    the invariant that non-zero input always produces non-zero output. Without
+    this, small brightness values (e.g. 1%) get quantized to exactly 0.0,
+    which breaks zero_means_zero logic in FloatOutput.
+    """
+    if gamma_correct > 0:
+        return [
+            HexInt(
+                max(1, min(65535, int(round((i / 255.0) ** gamma_correct * 65535))))
+                if i > 0
+                else HexInt(0)
+            )
+            for i in range(256)
+        ]
+    return [HexInt(int(round(i / 255.0 * 65535))) for i in range(256)]
+
+
 def _get_or_create_gamma_table(gamma_correct):
     data = _get_data()
     if gamma_correct in data.gamma_tables:
         return data.gamma_tables[gamma_correct]
 
-    if gamma_correct > 0:
-        forward = [
-            HexInt(min(65535, int(round((i / 255.0) ** gamma_correct * 65535))))
-            for i in range(256)
-        ]
-    else:
-        forward = [HexInt(int(round(i / 255.0 * 65535))) for i in range(256)]
+    forward = generate_gamma_table(gamma_correct)
 
     gamma_str = f"{gamma_correct}".replace(".", "_")
     fwd_id = ID(f"gamma_{gamma_str}_fwd", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a302a355dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Tests for the gamma LUT table generation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.light import generate_gamma_table
+
+
+def _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table: list[int], value: float) -> float:
+    """Simulate the C++ gamma_correct_lut interpolation from light_state.cpp."""
+    if value <= 0.0:
+        return 0.0
+    if value >= 1.0:
+        return 1.0
+    scaled = value * 255.0
+    idx = int(scaled)
+    if idx >= 255:
+        return table[255] / 65535.0
+    frac = scaled - idx
+    a = float(table[idx])
+    b = float(table[idx + 1])
+    return (a + frac * (b - a)) / 65535.0
+
+
+def test_table_length() -> None:
+    """Table must always have exactly 256 entries."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert len(table) == 256
+
+
+def test_index_zero_is_zero() -> None:
+    """Index 0 must be 0 so true off remains off."""
+    for gamma in (1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0):
+        table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+        assert table[0] == 0, f"gamma={gamma}"
+
+
+def test_index_255_is_max() -> None:
+    """Index 255 must be 65535 (full on)."""
+    for gamma in (1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0):
+        table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+        assert table[255] == 65535, f"gamma={gamma}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_nonzero_indices_are_nonzero(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """All indices > 0 must produce non-zero values.
+
+    This prevents zero_means_zero breakage: non-zero input must always
+    produce non-zero output so FloatOutput applies min_power scaling.
+    """
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    for i in range(1, 256):
+        assert table[i] >= 1, f"gamma={gamma}, index {i}: got {table[i]}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_table_monotonically_nondecreasing(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """The gamma table must be monotonically non-decreasing."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    for i in range(1, 256):
+        assert table[i] >= table[i - 1], (
+            f"gamma={gamma}: table[{i}]={table[i]} < table[{i - 1}]={table[i - 1]}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_linear_gamma() -> None:
+    """With gamma=0 (linear), table should be evenly spaced."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(0)
+    assert table[0] == 0
+    assert table[128] == round(128 / 255.0 * 65535)
+    assert table[255] == 65535
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("brightness", [0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 1 / 255])
+def test_small_brightness_nonzero_after_lut(brightness: float) -> None:
+    """Small but non-zero brightness must produce non-zero output through the LUT.
+
+    Regression test for #15055: with zero_means_zero=true, a gamma-corrected
+    value of exactly 0.0 causes FloatOutput to skip min_power scaling, turning
+    the LED off instead of to minimum brightness.
+    """
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, brightness)
+    assert result > 0.0, (
+        f"brightness={brightness}: gamma LUT returned 0.0, would break zero_means_zero"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_small_brightness_nonzero_all_gammas(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """1% brightness must be non-zero for all common gamma values."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 0.01)
+    assert result > 0.0, f"gamma={gamma}: 1% brightness returned 0.0"
+
+
+def test_lut_zero_returns_zero() -> None:
+    """LUT with input 0.0 must return 0.0."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 0.0) == 0.0
+
+
+def test_lut_one_returns_one() -> None:
+    """LUT with input 1.0 must return 1.0."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 1.0) == 1.0
+
+
+def test_lut_output_monotonically_nondecreasing() -> None:
+    """LUT output must be monotonically non-decreasing across the full range."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    prev = 0.0
+    for i in range(1001):
+        value = i / 1000.0
+        result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, value)
+        assert result >= prev, f"value={value}: result {result} < previous {prev}"
+        prev = result

From bbfe324dd6da2ffddcc98fe67d9655bccb854f6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 16:19:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 075/108] [ultrasonic] Fix ISR edge detection with debounce and
 trigger filtering (#15014)

---
 .../ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp          | 29 +++++++++----------
 .../components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h |  3 +-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp
index d3f7e694440..a354b198b4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,17 @@ namespace esphome::ultrasonic {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ultrasonic.sensor";
 
+static constexpr uint32_t DEBOUNCE_US = 50;          // Ignore edges within 50us of each other (noise filtering)
+static constexpr uint32_t START_DELAY_US = 100;      // Ignore edges within 100us of trigger (filters bleed-through)
 static constexpr uint32_t START_TIMEOUT_US = 40000;  // Maximum time to wait for echo pulse to start
 
 void IRAM_ATTR UltrasonicSensorStore::gpio_intr(UltrasonicSensorStore *arg) {
   uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (arg->echo_pin_isr.digital_read()) {
+  // Ignore edges after measurement complete or too soon after trigger pulse
+  if (arg->echo_end || (now - arg->measurement_start_us) <= START_DELAY_US) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!arg->echo_start || (now - arg->echo_start_us) <= DEBOUNCE_US) {
     arg->echo_start_us = now;
     arg->echo_start = true;
   } else {
@@ -21,15 +27,14 @@ void IRAM_ATTR UltrasonicSensorStore::gpio_intr(UltrasonicSensorStore *arg) {
 
 void IRAM_ATTR UltrasonicSensorComponent::send_trigger_pulse_() {
   InterruptLock lock;
-  this->store_.echo_start_us = 0;
-  this->store_.echo_end_us = 0;
   this->store_.echo_start = false;
   this->store_.echo_end = false;
+  this->store_.measurement_start_us = micros();
   this->trigger_pin_isr_.digital_write(true);
   delayMicroseconds(this->pulse_time_us_);
   this->trigger_pin_isr_.digital_write(false);
   this->measurement_pending_ = true;
-  this->measurement_start_us_ = micros();
+  this->measurement_start_us_ = this->store_.measurement_start_us;
 }
 
 void UltrasonicSensorComponent::setup() {
@@ -37,7 +42,6 @@ void UltrasonicSensorComponent::setup() {
   this->trigger_pin_->digital_write(false);
   this->trigger_pin_isr_ = this->trigger_pin_->to_isr();
   this->echo_pin_->setup();
-  this->store_.echo_pin_isr = this->echo_pin_->to_isr();
   this->echo_pin_->attach_interrupt(UltrasonicSensorStore::gpio_intr, &this->store_, gpio::INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE);
 }
 
@@ -77,17 +81,10 @@ void UltrasonicSensorComponent::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->store_.echo_end) {
-    float result;
-    if (this->store_.echo_start) {
-      uint32_t pulse_duration = this->store_.echo_end_us - this->store_.echo_start_us;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "pulse start took %" PRIu32 "us, echo took %" PRIu32 "us",
-               this->store_.echo_start_us - this->measurement_start_us_, pulse_duration);
-      result = UltrasonicSensorComponent::us_to_m(pulse_duration);
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Got distance: %.3f m", this->name_.c_str(), result);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - pulse end before pulse start, does the echo pin need to be inverted?", this->name_.c_str());
-      result = NAN;
-    }
+    uint32_t pulse_duration = this->store_.echo_end_us - this->store_.echo_start_us;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Echo took %" PRIu32 "us", pulse_duration);
+    float result = UltrasonicSensorComponent::us_to_m(pulse_duration);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Got distance: %.3f m", this->name_.c_str(), result);
     this->publish_state(result);
     this->measurement_pending_ = false;
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
index 541f7d2b700..7d333a1b243 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ultrasonic/ultrasonic_sensor.h
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ namespace esphome::ultrasonic {
 struct UltrasonicSensorStore {
   static void gpio_intr(UltrasonicSensorStore *arg);
 
-  ISRInternalGPIOPin echo_pin_isr;
-  volatile uint32_t wait_start_us{0};
+  volatile uint32_t measurement_start_us{0};
   volatile uint32_t echo_start_us{0};
   volatile uint32_t echo_end_us{0};
   volatile bool echo_start{false};

From 036be63f7b022023a7ab36f138dbd6e7df1dde84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:20:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 076/108] [logger] Fix race condition in task log buffer
 initialization (#15071)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py | 39 ++++++++++++++++-----------
 esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp  | 20 ++++++--------
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h    |  5 ++--
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index a5601e6a8f4..3da81e12a01 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -331,11 +331,27 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_LOGGER, {})[CONF_LEVEL] = level
     tx_buffer_size = config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE]
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE", tx_buffer_size)
-    log = cg.new_Pvariable(
-        config[CONF_ID],
-        baud_rate,
-    )
-    if CORE.is_esp32:
+    # Determine task log buffer size and define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER early
+    # so the constructor can allocate the buffer immediately, preventing a race
+    # where another task logs before the buffer is initialized.
+    task_log_buffer_size = 0
+    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
+        task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
+    elif CORE.is_host:
+        task_log_buffer_size = 64  # Fixed 64 slots for host
+    if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
+        log = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            config[CONF_ID],
+            baud_rate,
+            task_log_buffer_size,
+        )
+    else:
+        log = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            config[CONF_ID],
+            baud_rate,
+        )
+    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_host:
         cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
     # set_uart_selection() must be called before pre_setup() because
     # pre_setup() switches on uart_ to decide which hardware to initialize
@@ -364,17 +380,10 @@ async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     log = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     baud_rate: int = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
-    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
-        task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
+    if CORE.using_zephyr:
+        task_log_buffer_size = config.get(CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE, 0)
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
-            cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
-            cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(task_log_buffer_size))
-            if CORE.using_zephyr:
-                zephyr_add_prj_conf("MPSC_PBUF", True)
-    elif CORE.is_host:
-        cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
-        cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
-        cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(64))  # Fixed 64 slots for host
+            zephyr_add_prj_conf("MPSC_PBUF", True)
 
     # Enable runtime tag levels if logs are configured or explicitly enabled
     logs_config = config[CONF_LOGS]
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 497809cd2ee..ceacded7756 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -152,29 +152,25 @@ inline uint8_t Logger::level_for(const char *tag) {
   return this->current_level_;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t task_log_buffer_size) : baud_rate_(baud_rate) {
+#else
 Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate) : baud_rate_(baud_rate) {
+#endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   this->main_task_ = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
 #elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   this->main_task_ = k_current_get();
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
-  this->main_thread_ = pthread_self();
+this->main_thread_ = pthread_self();
 #endif
-}
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
-void Logger::init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
-  // Host uses slot count instead of byte size
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory) - allocated once, never freed
-  this->log_buffer_ = new logger::TaskLogBuffer(total_buffer_size);
-
-#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
-  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer
-  // The loop will be enabled automatically when messages arrive
-  // Zephyr with USB CDC needs loop active to poll port readiness via cdc_loop_()
-  this->disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_();
+  this->log_buffer_ = new logger::TaskLogBuffer(task_log_buffer_size);
+  // Note: we don't disable loop here because the component isn't registered with App yet.
+  // The loop self-disables on its first iteration when it finds no messages to process.
 #endif
 }
-#endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
 void Logger::loop() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 263d12b4441..fdb330c1336 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -143,9 +143,10 @@ enum UARTSelection : uint8_t {
  */
 class Logger final : public Component {
  public:
-  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate);
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
-  void init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
+  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t task_log_buffer_size);
+#else
+  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate);
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
   void loop() override;

From a3c483edf3838ba12fb83a927e9d4b1a744d9364 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jason=20K=C3=B6lker?= <jason@koelker.net>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 20:21:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 077/108] [pmsx003] Keep active-mode reads aligned (#14832)

---
 esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp b/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp
index 114ecf435e0..6275ff60c2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pmsx003/pmsx003.cpp
@@ -95,10 +95,6 @@ void PMSX003Component::loop() {
         // Just go ahead and read stuff
         break;
     }
-  } else if (now - this->last_update_ < this->update_interval_) {
-    // Otherwise just leave the sensor powered up and come back when we hit the update
-    // time
-    return;
   }
 
   if (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 500) {
@@ -114,10 +110,11 @@ void PMSX003Component::loop() {
     this->read_byte(&this->data_[this->data_index_]);
     auto check = this->check_byte_();
     if (!check.has_value()) {
-      // finished
-      this->parse_data_();
+      if (this->update_interval_ > STABILISING_MS || now - this->last_update_ >= this->update_interval_) {
+        this->parse_data_();
+        this->last_update_ = now;
+      }
       this->data_index_ = 0;
-      this->last_update_ = now;
     } else if (!*check) {
       // wrong data
       this->data_index_ = 0;
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ optional<bool> PMSX003Component::check_byte_() {
       return true;
     }
 
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start character %u mismatch: 0x%02X != 0x%02X", index + 1, byte, START_CHARACTER_1);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start character %u mismatch: 0x%02X != 0x%02X", index + 1, byte, start_char);
     return false;
   }
 

From 320474b62d26fd4d8e6d55eba84b6c76e5bad48c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2026 09:28:58 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 078/108] Bump version to 2026.3.1

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index d8a030536e9..d86894435f8 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.1
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 756ad694647..52ac7acd228 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0"
+__version__ = "2026.3.1"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From daafa8faa38fd8ba9cb450da18407961dbfde19a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:36:18 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 079/108] [wifi] Inline trivial WiFiAP and WiFiComponent
 accessors (#15075)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp |  5 -----
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h   | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 346276692a1..08065a7544e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -871,9 +871,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
 
 WiFiComponent::WiFiComponent() { global_wifi_component = this; }
 
-bool WiFiComponent::has_ap() const { return this->has_ap_; }
-bool WiFiComponent::is_ap_active() const { return this->ap_started_; }
-bool WiFiComponent::has_sta() const { return !this->sta_.empty(); }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
 void WiFiComponent::set_btm(bool btm) { this->btm_ = btm; }
 void WiFiComponent::set_rrm(bool rrm) { this->rrm_ = rrm; }
@@ -2250,8 +2247,6 @@ bool WiFiAP::has_bssid() const { return this->bssid_ != bssid_t{}; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
 const optional<EAPAuth> &WiFiAP::get_eap() const { return this->eap_; }
 #endif
-uint8_t WiFiAP::get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
-bool WiFiAP::has_channel() const { return this->channel_ != 0; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
 const optional<ManualIP> &WiFiAP::get_manual_ip() const { return this->manual_ip_; }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 057f2c06613..bd202604d6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ class WiFiAP {
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
   const optional<EAPAuth> &get_eap() const;
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  uint8_t get_channel() const;
-  bool has_channel() const;
+  uint8_t get_channel() const { return this->channel_; }
+  bool has_channel() const { return this->channel_ != 0; }
   int8_t get_priority() const { return priority_; }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
   const optional<ManualIP> &get_manual_ip() const;
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   /// Reconnect WiFi if required.
   void loop() override;
 
-  bool has_sta() const;
-  bool has_ap() const;
-  bool is_ap_active() const;
+  bool has_sta() const { return !this->sta_.empty(); }
+  bool has_ap() const { return this->has_ap_; }
+  bool is_ap_active() const { return this->ap_started_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
   void set_btm(bool btm);

From 593dbc9e67f4347dcb5642ffe60cec63edf97408 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:50:58 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 080/108] [logger] Fix unit test and benchmark Logger
 constructor calls (#15085)

---
 tests/benchmarks/components/main.cpp | 2 +-
 tests/components/main.cpp            | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/main.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/main.cpp
index 9bc0c31a159..901dc44c077 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/components/main.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/main.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void setup() {
 
   // Log functions call global_logger->log_vprintf_() without a null check,
   // so we must set up a Logger before any test that triggers logging.
-  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0);
+  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0, 64);
   test_logger.set_log_level(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL);
   test_logger.pre_setup();
 
diff --git a/tests/components/main.cpp b/tests/components/main.cpp
index 373fde71516..622b1f107b0 100644
--- a/tests/components/main.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/main.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void original_setup() {
 void setup() {
   // Log functions call global_logger->log_vprintf_() without a null check,
   // so we must set up a Logger before any test that triggers logging.
-  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0);
+  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0, 64);
   test_logger.set_log_level(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL);
   test_logger.pre_setup();
 

From 45c0e6ef7f3cf29ff1934cc8d94f8dcb9217df09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 10:52:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 081/108] [logger] Fix unit test Logger constructor call
 (#15086)

---
 tests/components/main.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/components/main.cpp b/tests/components/main.cpp
index 373fde71516..622b1f107b0 100644
--- a/tests/components/main.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/main.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void original_setup() {
 void setup() {
   // Log functions call global_logger->log_vprintf_() without a null check,
   // so we must set up a Logger before any test that triggers logging.
-  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0);
+  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0, 64);
   test_logger.set_log_level(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL);
   test_logger.pre_setup();
 

From 27f3a5f5f472ee3c80b5b8699e25a2f4d588b73c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 11:54:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 082/108] [sht4x] Add missing hal.h include for millis() on
 ESP-IDF (#15087)

---
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
index 43c2436a563..b1dbde22a4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "sht4x.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {

From 6d16c57747773431da0484b0e10e10e5129fed39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 11:54:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 083/108] [sht4x] Add missing hal.h include for millis() on
 ESP-IDF (#15087)

---
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
index 43c2436a563..b1dbde22a4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "sht4x.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {

From 5cc4f6e85ab77fe914000fb41013f6fc5aadded2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:29:12 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 084/108] [logger] Add task_log_buffer_zephyr.cpp to platform
 source filter (#15081)

---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 3da81e12a01..4345e291a30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -614,6 +614,7 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
         },
+        "task_log_buffer_zephyr.cpp": {PlatformFramework.NRF52_ZEPHYR},
     }
 )
 

From 4d09eb2cec628cd5ad082678f3fa5266ef46fe1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:29:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 085/108] [tests] Fix flaky ld24xx integration tests by
 disabling API batching (#15050)

---
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml                 | 1 +
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml     | 1 +
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml                 | 1 +
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml     | 1 +
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml         | 1 +
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml                 | 1 +
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml          | 1 +
 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml                 | 1 +
 8 files changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
index 59838b0599c..e7568c0e3f5 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
index 4625ae85115..5e62a4b8a8a 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
index 9cf9d6bb873..525ab0d5c47 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
index a69e18888e4..9f83e3226f1 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml
index c0bd5147629..fd1cd9fd334 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml
index 5380b810719..ee22f807d4e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml
index 2ceca5d35d8..d3b6ad5d927 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml
index 269136da682..4140ff659cd 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

From 9152f77cdd3833d51026ee95c917ed868c234ba8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:31:48 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 086/108] [core] Reduce automation call chain stack depth
 (#15042)

---
 esphome/core/automation.h | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/automation.h b/esphome/core/automation.h
index 7934fdbec97..ca4a2c8b6b0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/core/automation.h
@@ -322,7 +322,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class Automation;
 template<typename... Ts> class Trigger {
  public:
   /// Inform the parent automation that the event has triggered.
-  void trigger(const Ts &...x) {
+  // Force-inline: collapses the Trigger→Automation→ActionList forwarding
+  // chain into a single frame, reducing automation call stack depth.
+  inline void trigger(const Ts &...x) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (this->automation_parent_ == nullptr)
       return;
     this->automation_parent_->trigger(x...);
@@ -429,7 +431,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ActionList {
       this->add_action(action);
     }
   }
-  void play(const Ts &...x) {
+  // Force-inline: part of the Trigger→Automation→ActionList forwarding
+  // chain collapsed to reduce automation call stack depth.
+  inline void play(const Ts &...x) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (this->actions_begin_ != nullptr)
       this->actions_begin_->play_complex(x...);
   }
@@ -473,7 +477,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class Automation {
 
   void stop() { this->actions_.stop(); }
 
-  void trigger(const Ts &...x) { this->actions_.play(x...); }
+  // Force-inline: part of the Trigger→Automation→ActionList forwarding
+  // chain collapsed to reduce automation call stack depth.
+  inline void trigger(const Ts &...x) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { this->actions_.play(x...); }
 
   bool is_running() { return this->actions_.is_running(); }
 

From 6caa9ee22770acee9ccbe2369001900dc772a7d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:32:08 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 087/108] [logger] Move log level lookup tables to PROGMEM
 (#15003)

---
 esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h b/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h
index 734cb14dc58..067ce04114f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -8,8 +9,8 @@ namespace esphome::logger {
 // Maximum header size: 35 bytes fixed + 32 bytes tag + 16 bytes thread name = 83 bytes (45 byte safety margin)
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 128;
 
-// ANSI color code last digit (30-38 range, store only last digit to save RAM)
-static constexpr char LOG_LEVEL_COLOR_DIGIT[] = {
+// ANSI color code last digit (30-38 range, store only last digit to save RAM on ESP8266)
+static const char LOG_LEVEL_COLOR_DIGIT[] PROGMEM = {
     '\0',  // NONE
     '1',   // ERROR (31 = red)
     '3',   // WARNING (33 = yellow)
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ static constexpr char LOG_LEVEL_COLOR_DIGIT[] = {
     '8',   // VERY_VERBOSE (38 = white)
 };
 
-static constexpr char LOG_LEVEL_LETTER_CHARS[] = {
+static const char LOG_LEVEL_LETTER_CHARS[] PROGMEM = {
     '\0',  // NONE
     'E',   // ERROR
     'W',   // WARNING
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ struct LogBuffer {
         *p++ = 'V';  // VERY_VERBOSE = "VV"
         *p++ = 'V';
       } else {
-        *p++ = LOG_LEVEL_LETTER_CHARS[level];
+        *p++ = static_cast<char>(progmem_read_byte(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&LOG_LEVEL_LETTER_CHARS[level])));
       }
     }
     *p++ = ']';
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ struct LogBuffer {
     *p++ = (level == 1) ? '1' : '0';  // Only ERROR is bold
     *p++ = ';';
     *p++ = '3';
-    *p++ = LOG_LEVEL_COLOR_DIGIT[level];
+    *p++ = static_cast<char>(progmem_read_byte(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&LOG_LEVEL_COLOR_DIGIT[level])));
     *p++ = 'm';
   }
   // Copy string without null terminator, updates pointer in place

From 30f66be1dab8dc645fdd77293c0730521d03f4dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:32:42 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 088/108] [esp32] Mention ignore_pin_validation_error in flash
 pin error message (#14998)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py
index b3166cf822e..fec257f90b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py
@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ def esp32_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-39)")
     if value in _ESP_SDIO_PINS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"This pin cannot be used on ESP32s and is already used by the flash interface (function: {_ESP_SDIO_PINS[value]})"
+            f"This pin cannot be used on ESP32s and is already used by the flash interface"
+            f" (function: {_ESP_SDIO_PINS[value]})."
+            f" If you are using an ESP32 module that uses a different flash pin"
+            f" configuration (e.g. ESP32-PICO-V3-02), you can set"
+            f" 'ignore_pin_validation_error: true' to bypass this check."
         )
     if 9 <= value <= 10:
         _LOGGER.warning(

From b2b61bea6a12993bf6bcb0c2160a4fd735fcfe0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:33:06 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 089/108] [web_server_idf] Inline send() to reduce httpd task
 stack depth (#15045)

---
 .../components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp    | 13 -------------
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h  | 13 +++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index fb0c17c854d..38ccfccb76d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -262,19 +262,6 @@ StringRef AsyncWebServerRequest::url_to(std::span<char, URL_BUF_SIZE> buffer) co
   return StringRef(buffer.data(), decoded_len);
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServerRequest::send(AsyncWebServerResponse *response) {
-  httpd_resp_send(*this, response->get_content_data(), response->get_content_size());
-}
-
-void AsyncWebServerRequest::send(int code, const char *content_type, const char *content) {
-  this->init_response_(nullptr, code, content_type);
-  if (content) {
-    httpd_resp_send(*this, content, HTTPD_RESP_USE_STRLEN);
-  } else {
-    httpd_resp_send(*this, nullptr, 0);
-  }
-}
-
 void AsyncWebServerRequest::redirect(const std::string &url) {
   httpd_resp_set_status(*this, "302 Found");
   httpd_resp_set_hdr(*this, "Location", url.c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index 9d81d89ec76..81683e8d852 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -134,8 +134,17 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
 
   void redirect(const std::string &url);
 
-  void send(AsyncWebServerResponse *response);
-  void send(int code, const char *content_type = nullptr, const char *content = nullptr);
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE send(AsyncWebServerResponse *response) {
+    httpd_resp_send(*this, response->get_content_data(), response->get_content_size());
+  }
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE send(int code, const char *content_type = nullptr, const char *content = nullptr) {
+    this->init_response_(nullptr, code, content_type);
+    if (content) {
+      httpd_resp_send(*this, content, HTTPD_RESP_USE_STRLEN);
+    } else {
+      httpd_resp_send(*this, nullptr, 0);
+    }
+  }
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
   AsyncWebServerResponse *beginResponse(int code, const char *content_type) {
     auto *res = new AsyncWebServerResponseEmpty(this);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)

From aef987dccf26fbe06a9a54f870e59eb1daa7a176 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:37:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 090/108] [core] Fix Callback::create memcpy from function
 reference (#14995)

---
 esphome/core/helpers.h | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 43431299dea..82c6b3833ce 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -1762,7 +1762,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> struct Callback<void(Ts...)> {
       // Safe under C++20 (P0593R6): byte copy into aligned storage implicitly
       // creates objects of implicit-lifetime types (trivially copyable qualifies).
       Callback cb;  // fn and ctx are zero-initialized by default
-      __builtin_memcpy(&cb.ctx_, &callable, sizeof(DecayF));
+      // Decay callable to a local variable first. When F is a function reference
+      // (e.g. void(&)(int)), &callable would point at machine code, not a pointer variable.
+      DecayF decayed = std::forward<F>(callable);
+      __builtin_memcpy(&cb.ctx_, &decayed, sizeof(DecayF));
       cb.fn_ = [](void *c, Ts... args) {
         alignas(DecayF) char buf[sizeof(DecayF)];
         __builtin_memcpy(buf, &c, sizeof(DecayF));

From 84727b1f71e2b3a08f297941592ef6df64fd2ebd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:41:01 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 091/108] [esp32] Validate eFuse MAC reads and reject garbage
 MACs (#15049)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++------
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp             | 11 ++++++-
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
index 654a35b4735..afcec8bfc70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/helpers.cpp
@@ -9,11 +9,14 @@
 
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/portmacro.h>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esp_random.h"
 #include "esp_system.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "esp32";
+
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   esp_fill_random(data, len);
   return true;
@@ -63,22 +66,43 @@ LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() {
 #endif
 }
 
+/// Read MAC and validate both the return code and content.
+static bool read_valid_mac(uint8_t *mac, esp_err_t err) { return err == ESP_OK && mac_address_is_valid(mac); }
+
+static constexpr size_t MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS = MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE * 8;  // 48 bits
+
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
 #if defined(CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED)
   // When CONFIG_SOC_IEEE802154_SUPPORTED is defined, esp_efuse_mac_get_default
   // returns the 802.15.4 EUI-64 address, so we read directly from eFuse instead.
-  if (has_custom_mac_address()) {
-    esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, 48);
-  } else {
-    esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_FACTORY, mac, 48);
+  // Both paths already read raw eFuse bytes, so there is no CRC-bypass fallback
+  // (unlike the non-IEEE802154 path where esp_efuse_mac_get_default does CRC checks).
+  if (has_custom_mac_address() &&
+      read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_FACTORY, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
+    return;
   }
 #else
-  if (has_custom_mac_address()) {
-    esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac);
-  } else {
-    esp_efuse_mac_get_default(mac);
+  if (has_custom_mac_address() && read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac))) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_mac_get_default(mac))) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Default MAC read failed (e.g., eFuse CRC error) - try reading raw eFuse bytes
+  // directly, bypassing CRC validation. A MAC that passes mac_address_is_valid()
+  // (non-zero, non-broadcast, unicast) is almost certainly the real factory MAC
+  // with a corrupted CRC byte, which is far better than returning garbage or zeros.
+  if (read_valid_mac(mac, esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_FACTORY, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "eFuse MAC CRC failed but raw bytes appear valid - using raw eFuse MAC");
+    return;
   }
 #endif
+  // All methods failed - zero the MAC rather than returning garbage
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read a valid MAC address from eFuse");
+  memset(mac, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
 }
 
 void set_mac_address(uint8_t *mac) { esp_base_mac_addr_set(mac); }
@@ -88,9 +112,11 @@ bool has_custom_mac_address() {
   uint8_t mac[6];
   // do not use 'esp_efuse_mac_get_custom(mac)' because it drops an error in the logs whenever it fails
 #ifndef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-  return (esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_USER_DATA_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, 48) == ESP_OK) && mac_address_is_valid(mac);
+  return (esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_USER_DATA_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS) == ESP_OK) &&
+         mac_address_is_valid(mac);
 #else
-  return (esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, 48) == ESP_OK) && mac_address_is_valid(mac);
+  return (esp_efuse_read_field_blob(ESP_EFUSE_MAC_CUSTOM, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE_BITS) == ESP_OK) &&
+         mac_address_is_valid(mac);
 #endif
 #else
   return false;
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index ee99c541963..1732fc72e8b 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -863,7 +863,16 @@ bool mac_address_is_valid(const uint8_t *mac) {
       is_all_ones = false;
     }
   }
-  return !(is_all_zeros || is_all_ones);
+  if (is_all_zeros || is_all_ones) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Reject multicast MACs (bit 0 of first byte set) - device MACs must be unicast.
+  // This catches garbage data from corrupted eFuse custom MAC areas, which often
+  // has random values that would otherwise pass the all-zeros/all-ones check.
+  if (mac[0] & 0x01) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay_microseconds_safe(uint32_t us) {

From 2c06464f7baa843bf8a45d9bbe93c8314af708a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:41:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 092/108] [packet_transport] Use FixedVector and parent pointer
 to enable inline Callback storage (#14946)

---
 esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py  | 10 ++++++++--
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp        | 16 ++++++++++------
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.h          | 15 +++++++++++----
 .../binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp         |  4 ++++
 .../packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp      |  6 ++++++
 5 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 1930e45e854..0b166bb65c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -177,13 +177,19 @@ async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
             cg.add(var.set_provider_encryption(name, hash_encryption_key(encryption)))
 
     is_provider = False
-    for sens_conf in config.get(CONF_SENSORS, ()):
+    sensors = config.get(CONF_SENSORS, ())
+    binary_sensors = config.get(CONF_BINARY_SENSORS, ())
+    if sensors:
+        cg.add(var.set_sensor_count(len(sensors)))
+    if binary_sensors:
+        cg.add(var.set_binary_sensor_count(len(binary_sensors)))
+    for sens_conf in sensors:
         is_provider = True
         sens_id = sens_conf[CONF_ID]
         sensor = await cg.get_variable(sens_id)
         bcst_id = sens_conf.get(CONF_BROADCAST_ID, sens_id.id)
         cg.add(var.add_sensor(bcst_id, sensor))
-    for sens_conf in config.get(CONF_BINARY_SENSORS, ()):
+    for sens_conf in binary_sensors:
         is_provider = True
         sens_id = sens_conf[CONF_ID]
         sensor = await cg.get_variable(sens_id)
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index 964037a02c4..a2199977aa0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -221,16 +221,20 @@ void PacketTransport::setup() {
   }
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   for (auto &sensor : this->sensors_) {
-    sensor.sensor->add_on_state_callback([this, &sensor](float x) {
-      this->updated_ = true;
+    // [&sensor] is safe: sensor refers to a FixedVector element that never reallocates,
+    // so the reference remains valid for the component's lifetime.
+    sensor.sensor->add_on_state_callback([&sensor](float x) {
+      sensor.parent->updated_ = true;
       sensor.updated = true;
     });
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   for (auto &sensor : this->binary_sensors_) {
-    sensor.sensor->add_on_state_callback([this, &sensor](bool value) {
-      this->updated_ = true;
+    // [&sensor] is safe: sensor refers to a FixedVector element that never reallocates,
+    // so the reference remains valid for the component's lifetime.
+    sensor.sensor->add_on_state_callback([&sensor](bool value) {
+      sensor.parent->updated_ = true;
       sensor.updated = true;
     });
   }
@@ -548,11 +552,11 @@ void PacketTransport::dump_config() {
                 "  Ping-pong: %s",
                 this->platform_name_, YESNO(this->is_encrypted_()), YESNO(this->ping_pong_enable_));
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  for (auto sensor : this->sensors_)
+  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensors_)
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sensor: %s", sensor.id);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  for (auto sensor : this->binary_sensors_)
+  for (const auto &sensor : this->binary_sensors_)
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Binary Sensor: %s", sensor.id);
 #endif
   for (const auto &host : this->providers_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
index b3798738e2c..836775bc855 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
@@ -37,11 +38,14 @@ struct Provider {
 #endif
 };
 
+class PacketTransport;
+
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 struct Sensor {
   sensor::Sensor *sensor;
   const char *id;
   bool updated;
+  PacketTransport *parent;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -49,6 +53,7 @@ struct BinarySensor {
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor;
   const char *id;
   bool updated;
+  PacketTransport *parent;
 };
 #endif
 
@@ -60,8 +65,9 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
   void dump_config() override;
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  void set_sensor_count(size_t count) { this->sensors_.init(count); }
   void add_sensor(const char *id, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
-    Sensor st{sensor, id, true};
+    Sensor st{sensor, id, true, this};
     this->sensors_.push_back(st);
   }
   void add_remote_sensor(const char *hostname, const char *remote_id, sensor::Sensor *sensor) {
@@ -70,8 +76,9 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  void set_binary_sensor_count(size_t count) { this->binary_sensors_.init(count); }
   void add_binary_sensor(const char *id, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor) {
-    BinarySensor st{sensor, id, true};
+    BinarySensor st{sensor, id, true, this};
     this->binary_sensors_.push_back(st);
   }
 
@@ -141,11 +148,11 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
   std::vector<uint8_t> encryption_key_{};
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  std::vector<Sensor> sensors_{};
+  FixedVector<Sensor> sensors_{};
   string_map_t<string_map_t<sensor::Sensor *>> remote_sensors_{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  std::vector<BinarySensor> binary_sensors_{};
+  FixedVector<BinarySensor> binary_sensors_{};
   string_map_t<string_map_t<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>> remote_binary_sensors_{};
 #endif
 
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp b/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp
index 36af087d2c2..5ad25c2d7d1 100644
--- a/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
 TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, AddBinarySensor) {
   TestablePacketTransport transport;
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
+  transport.set_binary_sensor_count(1);
   transport.add_binary_sensor("motion", &bs);
   ASSERT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_STREQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].id, "motion");
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, UnencryptedBinarySensorRoundTrip) {
   encoder.init_for_test("sender");
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor local_bs;
   local_bs.state = true;
+  encoder.set_binary_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_binary_sensor("motion", &local_bs);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
@@ -46,11 +48,13 @@ TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, MultipleSensorsRoundTrip) {
   sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
   s1.state = 10.0f;
   s2.state = 20.0f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(2);
   encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
   encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
 
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs1;
   bs1.state = true;
+  encoder.set_binary_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_binary_sensor("bs1", &bs1);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp b/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp
index 2f681aee587..5d1cfb4bc2b 100644
--- a/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
 TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, AddSensor) {
   TestablePacketTransport transport;
   sensor::Sensor s;
+  transport.set_sensor_count(1);
   transport.add_sensor("temp", &s);
   ASSERT_EQ(transport.sensors_.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_STREQ(transport.sensors_[0].id, "temp");
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, UnencryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
   encoder.init_for_test("sender");
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 42.5f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, EncryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
   encoder.set_encryption_key(key);
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 99.9f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, SendDataOnlyUpdated) {
   sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
   s1.state = 1.0f;
   s2.state = 2.0f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(2);
   encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
   encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
 
@@ -111,6 +115,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, PingKeyIncludedInTransmittedPacket) {
   responder.set_encryption_key(key);
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.set_sensor_count(1);
   responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
 
   // Requester sends a MAGIC_PING that the responder processes
@@ -148,6 +153,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, MissingPingKeyBlocksSensorData) {
   responder.set_encryption_key(key);
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.set_sensor_count(1);
   responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
   responder.send_data_(true);
   ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);

From d0e705d948c20aa68eab915ffbd5c3699916bd03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:46:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 093/108] [core] Inline Application::loop() to eliminate stack
 frame (#15041)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp  |   4 +-
 esphome/components/socket/socket.h |   2 +-
 esphome/core/application.cpp       | 145 +--------------------------
 esphome/core/application.h         | 154 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 156 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 83bd09b643d..313818e6019 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "crash_handler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 
 void setup();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
-void loop();   // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 
 // Weak stub for initArduino - overridden when the Arduino component is present
 extern "C" __attribute__((weak)) void initArduino() {}
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ TaskHandle_t loop_task_handle = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-
 void loop_task(void *pv_params) {
   setup();
   while (true) {
-    loop();
+    App.loop();
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index a21bd647305..226a669e31a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ size_t format_sockaddr_to(const struct sockaddr *addr_ptr, socklen_t len, std::s
 /// On ESP8266, uses esp_delay() with a callback that checks socket activity.
 /// On RP2040, uses __wfe() (Wait For Event) to truly sleep until an interrupt
 /// (for example, CYW43 GPIO or a timer alarm) fires and wakes the CPU.
-void socket_delay(uint32_t ms);
+void socket_delay(uint32_t ms);  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 
 /// Signal socket/IO activity and wake the main loop early.
 /// On ESP8266: sets flag + esp_schedule().
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 08df3854755..c020a8ed585 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -12,21 +12,11 @@
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
-#include <freertos/task.h>
-#else
-#include <FreeRTOS.h>
-#include <task.h>
-#endif
 #endif  // USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <ranges>
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
-#include "esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h"
-#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
 #include "esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h"
@@ -163,66 +153,6 @@ void Application::setup() {
 
   this->schedule_dump_config();
 }
-void Application::loop() {
-  uint8_t new_app_state = 0;
-
-  // Get the initial loop time at the start
-  uint32_t last_op_end_time = millis();
-
-  this->before_loop_tasks_(last_op_end_time);
-
-  for (this->current_loop_index_ = 0; this->current_loop_index_ < this->looping_components_active_end_;
-       this->current_loop_index_++) {
-    Component *component = this->looping_components_[this->current_loop_index_];
-
-    // Update the cached time before each component runs
-    this->loop_component_start_time_ = last_op_end_time;
-
-    {
-      this->set_current_component(component);
-      WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
-      component->loop();
-      // Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
-      last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
-    }
-    new_app_state |= component->get_component_state();
-    this->app_state_ |= new_app_state;
-    this->feed_wdt(last_op_end_time);
-  }
-
-  this->after_loop_tasks_();
-  this->app_state_ = new_app_state;
-
-#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
-  // Process any pending runtime stats printing after all components have run
-  // This ensures stats printing doesn't affect component timing measurements
-  if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
-    global_runtime_stats->process_pending_stats(last_op_end_time);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  // Use the last component's end time instead of calling millis() again
-  auto elapsed = last_op_end_time - this->last_loop_;
-  if (elapsed >= this->loop_interval_ || HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency()) {
-    // Even if we overran the loop interval, we still need to select()
-    // to know if any sockets have data ready
-    this->yield_with_select_(0);
-  } else {
-    uint32_t delay_time = this->loop_interval_ - elapsed;
-    uint32_t next_schedule = this->scheduler.next_schedule_in(last_op_end_time).value_or(delay_time);
-    // next_schedule is max 0.5*delay_time
-    // otherwise interval=0 schedules result in constant looping with almost no sleep
-    next_schedule = std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2);
-    delay_time = std::min(next_schedule, delay_time);
-
-    this->yield_with_select_(delay_time);
-  }
-  this->last_loop_ = last_op_end_time;
-
-  if (this->dump_config_at_ < this->components_.size()) {
-    this->process_dump_config_();
-  }
-}
 
 void Application::process_dump_config_() {
   if (this->dump_config_at_ == 0) {
@@ -509,41 +439,6 @@ void Application::enable_pending_loops_() {
   }
 }
 
-void Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time) {
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
-  // Drain wake notifications first to clear socket for next wake
-  this->drain_wake_notifications_();
-#endif
-
-  // Process scheduled tasks
-  this->scheduler.call(loop_start_time);
-
-  // Feed the watchdog timer
-  this->feed_wdt(loop_start_time);
-
-  // Process any pending enable_loop requests from ISRs
-  // This must be done before marking in_loop_ = true to avoid race conditions
-  if (this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_) {
-    // Clear flag BEFORE processing to avoid race condition
-    // If ISR sets it during processing, we'll catch it next loop iteration
-    // This is safe because:
-    // 1. Each component has its own pending_enable_loop_ flag that we check
-    // 2. If we can't process a component (wrong state), enable_pending_loops_()
-    //    will set this flag back to true
-    // 3. Any new ISR requests during processing will set the flag again
-    this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_ = false;
-    this->enable_pending_loops_();
-  }
-
-  // Mark that we're in the loop for safe reentrant modifications
-  this->in_loop_ = true;
-}
-
-void Application::after_loop_tasks_() {
-  // Clear the in_loop_ flag to indicate we're done processing components
-  this->in_loop_ = false;
-}
-
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 bool Application::register_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
   // It modifies monitored_sockets_ without locking — must only be called from the main loop.
@@ -625,36 +520,10 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
 
 #endif
 
+// Only the select() fallback path remains in the .cpp — all other paths are inlined in application.h
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
 void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
-  // Delay while monitoring sockets. When delay_ms is 0, always yield() to ensure other tasks run.
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
-  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): reads rcvevent directly from cached lwip_sock pointers.
-  // Safe because this runs on the main loop which owns socket lifetime (create, read, close).
-  if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
-    yield();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Check if any socket already has pending data before sleeping.
-  // If a socket still has unread data (rcvevent > 0) but the task notification was already
-  // consumed, ulTaskNotifyTake would block until timeout — adding up to delay_ms latency.
-  // This scan preserves select() semantics: return immediately when any fd is ready.
-  for (struct lwip_sock *sock : this->monitored_sockets_) {
-    if (esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(sock)) {
-      yield();
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Sleep with instant wake via FreeRTOS task notification.
-  // Woken by: callback wrapper (socket data arrives), wake_loop_threadsafe() (other tasks), or timeout.
-  // Without USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE, only hooked socket callbacks wake the task —
-  // background tasks won't call wake, so this degrades to a pure timeout (same as old select path).
-  ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, pdMS_TO_TICKS(delay_ms));
-
-#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
   // Fallback select() path (host platform and any future platforms without fast select).
-  // ESP32 and LibreTiny are excluded by the #if above — they use the fast path.
   if (!this->socket_fds_.empty()) [[likely]] {
     // Update fd_set if socket list has changed
     if (this->socket_fds_changed_) [[unlikely]] {
@@ -701,16 +570,8 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
   }
   // No sockets registered or select() failed - use regular delay
   delay(delay_ms);
-#elif (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
-  // No select support but can wake on socket activity
-  // ESP8266: via esp_schedule()
-  // RP2040: via __sev()/__wfe() hardware sleep/wake
-  socket::socket_delay(delay_ms);
-#else
-  // No select support, use regular delay
-  delay(delay_ms);
-#endif
 }
+#endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
 
 // App storage — asm label shares the linker symbol with "extern Application App".
 // char[] is trivially destructible, so no __cxa_atexit or destructor chain is emitted.
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 26abc154332..06ff30e81f6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+#else
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+#endif
 #else
 #include <sys/select.h>
 #ifdef USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
@@ -34,9 +41,13 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h"
+#endif
 #if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
 namespace esphome::socket {
-void socket_wake();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
+void socket_wake();              // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
+void socket_delay(uint32_t ms);  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -293,7 +304,7 @@ class Application {
   void setup();
 
   /// Make a loop iteration. Call this in your loop() function.
-  void loop();
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE loop();
 
   /// Get the name of this Application set by pre_setup().
   const StringRef &get_name() const { return this->name_; }
@@ -617,8 +628,8 @@ class Application {
   void enable_component_loop_(Component *component);
   void enable_pending_loops_();
   void activate_looping_component_(uint16_t index);
-  void before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time);
-  void after_loop_tasks_();
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time);
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE after_loop_tasks_() { this->in_loop_ = false; }
 
   /// Process dump_config output one component per loop iteration.
   /// Extracted from loop() to keep cold startup/reconnect logging out of the hot path.
@@ -628,7 +639,12 @@ class Application {
   void feed_wdt_arch_();
 
   /// Perform a delay while also monitoring socket file descriptors for readiness
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  // select() fallback path is too complex to inline (host platform)
   void yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
+#else
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
+#endif
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   void setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_();       // Create wake notification socket
@@ -814,4 +830,134 @@ inline void Application::drain_wake_notifications_() {
 }
 #endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
 
+inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time) {
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  // Drain wake notifications first to clear socket for next wake
+  this->drain_wake_notifications_();
+#endif
+
+  // Process scheduled tasks
+  this->scheduler.call(loop_start_time);
+
+  // Feed the watchdog timer
+  this->feed_wdt(loop_start_time);
+
+  // Process any pending enable_loop requests from ISRs
+  // This must be done before marking in_loop_ = true to avoid race conditions
+  if (this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_) {
+    // Clear flag BEFORE processing to avoid race condition
+    // If ISR sets it during processing, we'll catch it next loop iteration
+    // This is safe because:
+    // 1. Each component has its own pending_enable_loop_ flag that we check
+    // 2. If we can't process a component (wrong state), enable_pending_loops_()
+    //    will set this flag back to true
+    // 3. Any new ISR requests during processing will set the flag again
+    this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_ = false;
+    this->enable_pending_loops_();
+  }
+
+  // Mark that we're in the loop for safe reentrant modifications
+  this->in_loop_ = true;
+}
+
+inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::loop() {
+  uint8_t new_app_state = 0;
+
+  // Get the initial loop time at the start
+  uint32_t last_op_end_time = millis();
+
+  this->before_loop_tasks_(last_op_end_time);
+
+  for (this->current_loop_index_ = 0; this->current_loop_index_ < this->looping_components_active_end_;
+       this->current_loop_index_++) {
+    Component *component = this->looping_components_[this->current_loop_index_];
+
+    // Update the cached time before each component runs
+    this->loop_component_start_time_ = last_op_end_time;
+
+    {
+      this->set_current_component(component);
+      WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
+      component->loop();
+      // Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
+      last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
+    }
+    new_app_state |= component->get_component_state();
+    this->app_state_ |= new_app_state;
+    this->feed_wdt(last_op_end_time);
+  }
+
+  this->after_loop_tasks_();
+  this->app_state_ = new_app_state;
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+  // Process any pending runtime stats printing after all components have run
+  // This ensures stats printing doesn't affect component timing measurements
+  if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
+    global_runtime_stats->process_pending_stats(last_op_end_time);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Use the last component's end time instead of calling millis() again
+  auto elapsed = last_op_end_time - this->last_loop_;
+  if (elapsed >= this->loop_interval_ || HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency()) {
+    // Even if we overran the loop interval, we still need to select()
+    // to know if any sockets have data ready
+    this->yield_with_select_(0);
+  } else {
+    uint32_t delay_time = this->loop_interval_ - elapsed;
+    uint32_t next_schedule = this->scheduler.next_schedule_in(last_op_end_time).value_or(delay_time);
+    // next_schedule is max 0.5*delay_time
+    // otherwise interval=0 schedules result in constant looping with almost no sleep
+    next_schedule = std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2);
+    delay_time = std::min(next_schedule, delay_time);
+
+    this->yield_with_select_(delay_time);
+  }
+  this->last_loop_ = last_op_end_time;
+
+  if (this->dump_config_at_ < this->components_.size()) {
+    this->process_dump_config_();
+  }
+}
+
+// Inline yield_with_select_ for all paths except the select() fallback
+#if !defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) || defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): reads rcvevent directly from cached lwip_sock pointers.
+  // Safe because this runs on the main loop which owns socket lifetime (create, read, close).
+  if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
+    yield();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check if any socket already has pending data before sleeping.
+  // If a socket still has unread data (rcvevent > 0) but the task notification was already
+  // consumed, ulTaskNotifyTake would block until timeout — adding up to delay_ms latency.
+  // This scan preserves select() semantics: return immediately when any fd is ready.
+  for (struct lwip_sock *sock : this->monitored_sockets_) {
+    if (esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(sock)) {
+      yield();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sleep with instant wake via FreeRTOS task notification.
+  // Woken by: callback wrapper (socket data arrives), wake_loop_threadsafe() (other tasks), or timeout.
+  // Without USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE, only hooked socket callbacks wake the task —
+  // background tasks won't call wake, so this degrades to a pure timeout (same as old select path).
+  ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, pdMS_TO_TICKS(delay_ms));
+#elif (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  // No select support but can wake on socket activity
+  // ESP8266: via esp_schedule()
+  // RP2040: via __sev()/__wfe() hardware sleep/wake
+  socket::socket_delay(delay_ms);
+#else
+  // No select support, use regular delay
+  delay(delay_ms);
+#endif
+}
+#endif  // !defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) || defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+
 }  // namespace esphome

From e85065b1c4211280a49b3b473905c33c83eae337 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 14:06:00 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 094/108] [logger] Fix dummy_main.cpp Logger constructor for
 clang-tidy (#15088)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 tests/dummy_main.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index 6fa0c08aa3d..329286e2fab 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void setup() {
   static char name[] = "livingroom";
   static char friendly_name[] = "LivingRoom";
   App.pre_setup(name, sizeof(name) - 1, friendly_name, sizeof(friendly_name) - 1);
-  auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200);  // NOLINT
+  auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200, 512);  // NOLINT
   log->pre_setup();
   log->set_uart_selection(logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0);
   App.register_component_(log);

From 83d02c602a911181ad0e0ef89ef50fde17ef0bd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 14:06:00 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 095/108] [logger] Fix dummy_main.cpp Logger constructor for
 clang-tidy (#15088)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 tests/dummy_main.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index 6fa0c08aa3d..329286e2fab 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void setup() {
   static char name[] = "livingroom";
   static char friendly_name[] = "LivingRoom";
   App.pre_setup(name, sizeof(name) - 1, friendly_name, sizeof(friendly_name) - 1);
-  auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200);  // NOLINT
+  auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200, 512);  // NOLINT
   log->pre_setup();
   log->set_uart_selection(logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0);
   App.register_component_(log);

From cd05462e9fc4a295b523412c04fa17acb6c86171 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kamil Cukrowski <kamilcukrowski@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2026 01:42:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 096/108] [core] Use placement new allocation for Pvariables
 (#15079)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/cpp_generator.py                      | 48 +++++++++++++++----
 .../binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py       |  2 +-
 tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py   |  3 +-
 tests/component_tests/conftest.py             |  2 +-
 .../deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py             |  6 ++-
 tests/component_tests/globals/__init__.py     |  0
 .../globals/config/globals_test.yaml          | 16 +++++++
 tests/component_tests/globals/test_globals.py | 27 +++++++++++
 .../gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py           |  3 +-
 tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py      | 10 +++-
 tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py   |  4 ++
 .../mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py          | 10 +++-
 tests/component_tests/status_led/__init__.py  |  0
 .../status_led/config/status_led_test.yaml    |  8 ++++
 .../status_led/test_status_led.py             | 23 +++++++++
 tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py       |  3 +-
 .../text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py           |  3 +-
 17 files changed, 151 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/globals/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/globals/config/globals_test.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/globals/test_globals.py
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/status_led/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/status_led/config/status_led_test.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py

diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index 5457485d254..3ed5d0ba37d 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -579,10 +579,41 @@ def Pvariable(id_: ID, rhs: SafeExpType, type_: "MockObj" = None) -> "MockObj":
     obj = MockObj(id_, "->")
     if type_ is not None:
         id_.type = type_
-    decl = VariableDeclarationExpression(id_.type, "*", id_, static=True)
-    CORE.add_global(decl)
-    assignment = AssignmentExpression(None, None, id_, rhs)
-    CORE.add(assignment)
+
+    if isinstance(rhs, MockObj) and rhs.is_new_expr:
+        # For 'new' allocations, use placement new into static storage
+        # to avoid heap fragmentation on embedded devices.
+        the_type = id_.type
+        storage_name = f"{id_.id}__pstorage"
+
+        # Declare aligned byte array for the object storage
+        CORE.add_global(
+            RawStatement(
+                f"alignas({the_type}) static unsigned char {storage_name}[sizeof({the_type})];"
+            )
+        )
+        CORE.add_global(
+            AssignmentExpression(
+                f"static {the_type}",
+                "*const ",
+                id_,
+                MockObj(f"reinterpret_cast<{the_type} *>({storage_name})"),
+            )
+        )
+        # Extract args from the CallExpression and rebuild as placement new.
+        # Template args are already encoded in the_type (e.g. GlobalsComponent<int>),
+        # so we only pass the constructor args, not template_args.
+        call_expr = rhs.base
+        assert isinstance(call_expr, CallExpression), (
+            f"Expected CallExpression for placement new, got {type(call_expr)}"
+        )
+        placement_new = CallExpression(f"new({id_.id}) {the_type}", *call_expr.args)
+        CORE.add(ExpressionStatement(placement_new))
+    else:
+        decl = VariableDeclarationExpression(id_.type, "*", id_, static=True)
+        CORE.add_global(decl)
+        CORE.add(AssignmentExpression(None, None, id_, rhs))
+
     CORE.register_variable(id_, obj)
     return obj
 
@@ -799,11 +830,12 @@ class MockObj(Expression):
     Mostly consists of magic methods that allow ESPHome's codegen syntax.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ("base", "op")
+    __slots__ = ("base", "op", "is_new_expr")
 
-    def __init__(self, base, op="."):
+    def __init__(self, base, op=".", is_new_expr=False) -> None:
         self.base = base
         self.op = op
+        self.is_new_expr = is_new_expr
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> "MockObj":
         # prevent python dunder methods being replaced by mock objects
@@ -818,7 +850,7 @@ class MockObj(Expression):
 
     def __call__(self, *args: SafeExpType) -> "MockObj":
         call = CallExpression(self.base, *args)
-        return MockObj(call, self.op)
+        return MockObj(call, self.op, is_new_expr=self.is_new_expr)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.base)
@@ -832,7 +864,7 @@ class MockObj(Expression):
 
     @property
     def new(self) -> "MockObj":
-        return MockObj(f"new {self.base}", "->")
+        return MockObj(f"new {self.base}", "->", is_new_expr=True)
 
     def template(self, *args: SafeExpType) -> "MockObj":
         """Apply template parameters to this object."""
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
index 10d7f808346..4f41f2cc704 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def test_binary_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
     )
 
     # Then
-    assert "new gpio::GPIOBinarySensor();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static gpio::GPIOBinarySensor *const" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_binary_sensor" in main_cpp
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py b/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
index a35994a682c..544e748f913 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ def test_button_is_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/button/test_button.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "new wake_on_lan::WakeOnLanButton();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static wake_on_lan::WakeOnLanButton *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") wake_on_lan::WakeOnLanButton();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_button" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_component" in main_cpp
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/conftest.py b/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
index 0641e698e97..763628f57c9 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/conftest.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def generate_main() -> Generator[Callable[[str | Path], str]]:
         CORE.config_path = Path(path)
         CORE.config = read_config({})
         generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
-        return CORE.cpp_main_section
+        return CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section
 
     yield generator
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
index 41ddd72febd..212f61e44b9 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@ def test_deep_sleep_setup(generate_main):
     """
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep1.yaml")
 
-    assert "deepsleep = new deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent();" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "static deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *const deepsleep = reinterpret_cast<deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *>(deepsleep__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "new(deepsleep) deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_component_(deepsleep);" in main_cpp
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/globals/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/globals/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/globals/config/globals_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/globals/config/globals_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d1a9edaa62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/globals/config/globals_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+globals:
+  - id: my_global_int
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "42"
+  - id: my_global_float
+    type: float
+    initial_value: "1.5"
+  - id: my_global_bool
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "true"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/globals/test_globals.py b/tests/component_tests/globals/test_globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04fd6d5f7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/globals/test_globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Tests for the globals component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def test_globals_placement_new_with_template_args(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that globals uses placement new with template arguments preserved."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("globals_test.yaml"))
+
+    # Globals uses Pvariable with Type.new(template_args, initial_value)
+    # which exercises the template_args preservation in placement new.
+    assert "static globals::GlobalsComponent<int> *const my_global_int" in main_cpp
+    assert "sizeof(globals::GlobalsComponent<int>)" in main_cpp
+    assert "new(my_global_int) globals::GlobalsComponent<int>" in main_cpp
+
+    # Verify initial value is passed as constructor arg
+    assert "42" in main_cpp
+
+    # Check other globals are also generated
+    assert "sizeof(globals::GlobalsComponent<float>)" in main_cpp
+    assert "sizeof(globals::GlobalsComponent<bool>)" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
index 73665dc45d2..f336a9105ec 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ def test_gpio_binary_sensor_basic_setup(
     """
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.yaml")
 
-    assert "new gpio::GPIOBinarySensor();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static gpio::GPIOBinarySensor *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") gpio::GPIOBinarySensor();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_binary_sensor" in main_cpp
     # set_use_interrupt(true) should NOT be generated (uses C++ default)
     assert "bs_gpio->set_use_interrupt(true);" not in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
index c9481a0e1d7..9003a4ee5d9 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
@@ -242,7 +242,15 @@ def test_image_generation(
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("image_test.yaml"))
     assert "uint8_t_id[] PROGMEM = {0x24, 0x21, 0x24, 0x21" in main_cpp
     assert (
-        "cat_img = new image::Image(uint8_t_id, 32, 24, image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565, image::TRANSPARENCY_OPAQUE);"
+        "alignas(image::Image) static unsigned char cat_img__pstorage[sizeof(image::Image)];"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static image::Image *const cat_img = reinterpret_cast<image::Image *>(cat_img__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "new(cat_img) image::Image(uint8_t_id, 32, 24, image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565, image::TRANSPARENCY_OPAQUE);"
         in main_cpp
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py b/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py
index 98aa7419642..94a6f7ac7bc 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ def test_logger_pre_setup_before_other_components(generate_main):
 
     # Find all "new " allocations (component creation)
     new_allocations = list(re.finditer(r"\bnew [\w:]+", main_cpp))
+    # Find all "new(" allocations (component creation) and combine them
+    new_allocations.extend(re.finditer(r"\bnew\([^)]+\) [\w:]+", main_cpp))
+    # Sort allocations by position in the file
+    new_allocations.sort(key=lambda m: m.start())
     assert len(new_allocations) > 0, "No component allocations found"
 
     # Separate logger and non-logger allocations
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
index 92f56b5451a..e6f344b086c 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
@@ -119,7 +119,15 @@ def test_code_generation(
 
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_fixture_path("mipi_dsi.yaml"))
     assert (
-        "p4_nano = new mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI(800, 1280, display::COLOR_BITNESS_565, 16);"
+        "alignas(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI) static unsigned char p4_nano__pstorage[sizeof(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI)];"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *const p4_nano = reinterpret_cast<mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *>(p4_nano__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "new(p4_nano) mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI(800, 1280, display::COLOR_BITNESS_565, 16);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert "set_init_sequence({224, 1, 0, 225, 1, 147, 226, 1," in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/status_led/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/status_led/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/status_led/config/status_led_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/status_led/config/status_led_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c86197d2256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/status_led/config/status_led_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+status_led:
+  pin: GPIO2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py b/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e96e631f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Tests for status_led."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def test_status_led_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test status_led generation."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("status_led_test.yaml"))
+    assert (
+        "alignas(status_led::StatusLED) static unsigned char status_led_statusled_id__pstorage[sizeof(status_led::StatusLED)];"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static status_led::StatusLED *const status_led_statusled_id = reinterpret_cast<status_led::StatusLED *>(status_led_statusled_id__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "new(status_led_statusled_id) status_led::StatusLED(" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
index c74dfb8a471..63eb4f19515 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ def test_text_is_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "new template_::TemplateText();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static template_::TemplateText *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") template_::TemplateText();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_text" in main_cpp
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
index 1ff31ab96bd..ae094fadf87 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ def test_text_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "new template_::TemplateTextSensor();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static template_::TemplateTextSensor *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") template_::TemplateTextSensor();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_text_sensor" in main_cpp
 
 

From 9cdc17566a9d9b96ff37943cb815e4d66703e47e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 15:06:45 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 097/108] [combination] Use FixedVector and parent pointer to
 enable inline Callback storage (#14947)

---
 .../components/combination/combination.cpp    | 34 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/combination/combination.h  | 18 +++++++---
 esphome/components/combination/sensor.py      |  3 ++
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp b/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
index 2f0bd26a02d..b858eee4ee4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
-#include <functional>
-#include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace combination {
@@ -20,12 +18,12 @@ void CombinationComponent::log_config_(const LogString *combo_type) {
 
 void CombinationNoParameterComponent::add_source(Sensor *sensor) { this->sensors_.emplace_back(sensor); }
 
-void CombinationOneParameterComponent::add_source(Sensor *sensor, std::function<float(float)> const &stddev) {
-  this->sensor_pairs_.emplace_back(sensor, stddev);
+void CombinationOneParameterComponent::add_source(Sensor *sensor, std::function<float(float)> const &compute) {
+  this->sensor_sources_.push_back({sensor, compute, this});
 }
 
-void CombinationOneParameterComponent::add_source(Sensor *sensor, float stddev) {
-  this->add_source(sensor, std::function<float(float)>{[stddev](float x) -> float { return stddev; }});
+void CombinationOneParameterComponent::add_source(Sensor *sensor, float value) {
+  this->add_source(sensor, std::function<float(float)>{[value](float x) -> float { return value; }});
 }
 
 void CombinationNoParameterComponent::log_source_sensors() {
@@ -37,9 +35,8 @@ void CombinationNoParameterComponent::log_source_sensors() {
 
 void CombinationOneParameterComponent::log_source_sensors() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Source Sensors:");
-  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensor_pairs_) {
-    auto &entity = *sensor.first;
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    - %s", entity.get_name().c_str());
+  for (const auto &source : this->sensor_sources_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    - %s", source.sensor->get_name().c_str());
   }
 }
 
@@ -62,9 +59,12 @@ void KalmanCombinationComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void KalmanCombinationComponent::setup() {
-  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensor_pairs_) {
-    const auto stddev = sensor.second;
-    sensor.first->add_on_state_callback([this, stddev](float x) -> void { this->correct_(x, stddev(x)); });
+  for (auto &source : this->sensor_sources_) {
+    // [&source] is safe: source refers to a FixedVector element that never reallocates,
+    // so the reference remains valid for the component's lifetime.
+    source.sensor->add_on_state_callback([&source](float x) -> void {
+      static_cast<KalmanCombinationComponent *>(source.parent)->correct_(x, source.compute(x));
+    });
   }
 }
 
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ void KalmanCombinationComponent::correct_(float value, float stddev) {
 }
 
 void LinearCombinationComponent::setup() {
-  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensor_pairs_) {
+  for (auto &source : this->sensor_sources_) {
     // All sensor updates are deferred until the next loop. This avoids publishing the combined sensor's result
     // repeatedly in the same loop if multiple source senors update.
-    sensor.first->add_on_state_callback(
+    source.sensor->add_on_state_callback(
         [this](float value) -> void { this->defer("update", [this, value]() { this->handle_new_value(value); }); });
   }
 }
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ void LinearCombinationComponent::handle_new_value(float value) {
 
   float sum = 0.0;
 
-  for (const auto &sensor : this->sensor_pairs_) {
-    const float sensor_state = sensor.first->state;
+  for (const auto &source : this->sensor_sources_) {
+    const float sensor_state = source.sensor->state;
     if (std::isfinite(sensor_state)) {
-      sum += sensor_state * sensor.second(sensor_state);
+      sum += sensor_state * source.compute(sensor_state);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/combination.h b/esphome/components/combination/combination.h
index fb5e156da9a..463eedc5644 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/combination.h
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/combination.h
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace combination {
@@ -41,14 +42,21 @@ class CombinationNoParameterComponent : public CombinationComponent {
 // Base class for opertions that require one parameter to compute the combination
 class CombinationOneParameterComponent : public CombinationComponent {
  public:
-  void add_source(Sensor *sensor, std::function<float(float)> const &stddev);
-  void add_source(Sensor *sensor, float stddev);
+  void set_source_count(size_t count) { this->sensor_sources_.init(count); }
+  void add_source(Sensor *sensor, std::function<float(float)> const &compute);
+  void add_source(Sensor *sensor, float value);
 
-  /// @brief Logs all source sensor's names in sensor_pairs_
+  /// @brief Logs all source sensors' names in sensor_sources_
   void log_source_sensors() override;
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<std::pair<Sensor *, std::function<float(float)>>> sensor_pairs_;
+  struct SensorSource {
+    sensor::Sensor *sensor;
+    std::function<float(float)> compute;
+    CombinationOneParameterComponent *parent;
+  };
+
+  FixedVector<SensorSource> sensor_sources_;
 };
 
 class KalmanCombinationComponent : public CombinationOneParameterComponent {
diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
index 0204162e8d9..327cedee1ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if proces_std_dev := config.get(CONF_PROCESS_STD_DEV):
         cg.add(var.set_process_std_dev(proces_std_dev))
 
+    if config[CONF_TYPE] in (CONF_KALMAN, CONF_LINEAR):
+        cg.add(var.set_source_count(len(config[CONF_SOURCES])))
+
     for source_conf in config[CONF_SOURCES]:
         source = await cg.get_variable(source_conf[CONF_SOURCE])
         if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_KALMAN:

From fbe3e7d99c59da1bdbef279cd99501707b2945eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 15:28:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 098/108] [api] Emit raw tag+value writes for forced fixed32
 key fields (#15051)

---
 esphome/components/api/api.proto    | 142 ++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp  | 200 ++++++++++++++--------------
 esphome/components/api/proto.h      |  18 ++-
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py |  17 ++-
 4 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 28332d67a59..86daa9a2bf6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ message ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_BINARY_SENSOR";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ message BinarySensorStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_BINARY_SENSOR";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool state = 2;
   // If the binary sensor does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ message ListEntitiesCoverResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_COVER";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ message CoverStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_COVER";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   // legacy: state has been removed in 1.13
   // clients/servers must still send/accept it until the next protocol change
   // Deprecated in API version 1.1
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ message CoverCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
 
   // legacy: command has been removed in 1.13
   // clients/servers must still send/accept it until the next protocol change
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ message ListEntitiesFanResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_FAN";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ message FanStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_FAN";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool state = 2;
   bool oscillating = 3;
   // Deprecated in API version 1.6
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ message FanCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool has_state = 2;
   bool state = 3;
   // Deprecated in API version 1.6
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ message ListEntitiesLightResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_LIGHT";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ message LightStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_LIGHT";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool state = 2;
   float brightness = 3;
   ColorMode color_mode = 11;
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ message LightCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool has_state = 2;
   bool state = 3;
   bool has_brightness = 4;
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSensorResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SENSOR";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ message SensorStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SENSOR";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   float state = 2;
   // If the sensor does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSwitchResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SWITCH";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ message SwitchStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SWITCH";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ message SwitchCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ message ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_TEXT_SENSOR";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ message TextSensorStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_TEXT_SENSOR";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   string state = 2;
   // If the text sensor does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
 
   string name = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   SupportsResponseType supports_response = 4;
 }
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ message ExecuteServiceRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   uint32 call_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
   bool return_response = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ message ListEntitiesCameraResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_CAMERA";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
   bool disabled_by_default = 5;
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ message CameraImageResponse {
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_CAMERA";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bytes data = 2;
   bool done = 3;
   uint32 device_id = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ message ListEntitiesClimateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_CLIMATE";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ message ClimateStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_CLIMATE";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   ClimateMode mode = 2;
   float current_temperature = 3;
   float target_temperature = 4;
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ message ClimateCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool has_mode = 2;
   ClimateMode mode = 3;
   bool has_target_temperature = 4;
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ message ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_WATER_HEATER";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   string icon = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 5;
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ message WaterHeaterStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_WATER_HEATER";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   float current_temperature = 2;
   float target_temperature = 3;
   WaterHeaterMode mode = 4;
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@ message WaterHeaterCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   // Bitmask of which fields are set (see WaterHeaterCommandHasField)
   uint32 has_fields = 2;
   WaterHeaterMode mode = 3;
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ message ListEntitiesNumberResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_NUMBER";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ message NumberStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_NUMBER";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   float state = 2;
   // If the number does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ message NumberCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   float state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSelectResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SELECT";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ message SelectStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SELECT";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   string state = 2;
   // If the select does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ message SelectCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   string state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSirenResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ message SirenStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ message SirenCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool has_state = 2;
   bool state = 3;
   bool has_tone = 4;
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ message ListEntitiesLockResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_LOCK";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ message LockStateResponse {
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_LOCK";
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   LockState state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ message LockCommandRequest {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_LOCK";
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   LockCommand command = 2;
 
   // Not yet implemented:
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ message ListEntitiesButtonResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_BUTTON";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ message ButtonCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   uint32 device_id = 2 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ message ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_MEDIA_PLAYER";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ message MediaPlayerStateResponse {
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_MEDIA_PLAYER";
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   MediaPlayerState state = 2;
   float volume = 3;
   bool muted = 4;
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ message MediaPlayerCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
 
   bool has_command = 2;
   MediaPlayerCommand command = 3;
@@ -2104,7 +2104,7 @@ message ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
   string icon = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
@@ -2122,7 +2122,7 @@ message AlarmControlPanelStateResponse {
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL";
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   AlarmControlPanelState state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ message AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL";
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   AlarmControlPanelStateCommand command = 2;
   string code = 3;
   uint32 device_id = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
@@ -2151,7 +2151,7 @@ message ListEntitiesTextResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_TEXT";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
   string icon = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
@@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ message TextStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_TEXT";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   string state = 2;
   // If the Text does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
@@ -2185,7 +2185,7 @@ message TextCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   string state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -2199,7 +2199,7 @@ message ListEntitiesDateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_DATETIME_DATE";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -2215,7 +2215,7 @@ message DateStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_DATETIME_DATE";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   // If the date does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
   bool missing_state = 2;
@@ -2231,7 +2231,7 @@ message DateCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   uint32 year = 2;
   uint32 month = 3;
   uint32 day = 4;
@@ -2246,7 +2246,7 @@ message ListEntitiesTimeResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_DATETIME_TIME";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -2262,7 +2262,7 @@ message TimeStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_DATETIME_TIME";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   // If the time does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
   bool missing_state = 2;
@@ -2278,7 +2278,7 @@ message TimeCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   uint32 hour = 2;
   uint32 minute = 3;
   uint32 second = 4;
@@ -2293,7 +2293,7 @@ message ListEntitiesEventResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_EVENT";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -2311,7 +2311,7 @@ message EventResponse {
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_EVENT";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   string event_type = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -2324,7 +2324,7 @@ message ListEntitiesValveResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_VALVE";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ message ValveStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_VALVE";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   float position = 2;
   ValveOperation current_operation = 3;
   uint32 device_id = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
@@ -2364,7 +2364,7 @@ message ValveCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool has_position = 2;
   float position = 3;
   bool stop = 4;
@@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@ message ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_DATETIME_DATETIME";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -2395,7 +2395,7 @@ message DateTimeStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_DATETIME_DATETIME";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   // If the datetime does not have a valid state yet.
   // Equivalent to `!obj->has_state()` - inverse logic to make state packets smaller
   bool missing_state = 2;
@@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ message DateTimeCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   fixed32 epoch_seconds = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -2422,7 +2422,7 @@ message ListEntitiesUpdateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_UPDATE";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
@@ -2439,7 +2439,7 @@ message UpdateStateResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_UPDATE";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   bool missing_state = 2;
   bool in_progress = 3;
   bool has_progress = 4;
@@ -2463,7 +2463,7 @@ message UpdateCommandRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
-  fixed32 key = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 1 [(force) = true];
   UpdateCommand command = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
@@ -2505,7 +2505,7 @@ message ListEntitiesInfraredResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_INFRARED";
 
   string object_id = 1;
-  fixed32 key = 2;
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   string name = 3;
   string icon = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 5;
@@ -2521,7 +2521,7 @@ message InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF";
 
   uint32 device_id = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
-  fixed32 key = 2;                                       // Key identifying the transmitter instance
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];                                       // Key identifying the transmitter instance
   uint32 carrier_frequency = 3;                          // Carrier frequency in Hz
   uint32 repeat_count = 4;                               // Number of times to transmit (1 = once, 2 = twice, etc.)
   repeated sint32 timings = 5 [packed = true, (packed_buffer) = true];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): positive = mark (LED/TX on), negative = space (LED/TX off)
@@ -2535,7 +2535,7 @@ message InfraredRFReceiveEvent {
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   uint32 device_id = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
-  fixed32 key = 2;                                    // Key identifying the receiver instance
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];                                    // Key identifying the receiver instance
   repeated sint32 timings = 3 [packed = true, (container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<int32_t>"];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): alternating mark/space periods
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 01993cc5e5f..61b034c7eae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ uint32_t DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->device_class);
   buffer.encode_bool(6, this->is_status_binary_sensor);
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->is_status_binary_sensor);
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void BinarySensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ void BinarySensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t BinarySensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ uint32_t BinarySensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_COVER
 void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
   buffer.encode_bool(5, this->assumed_state);
   buffer.encode_bool(6, this->supports_position);
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesCoverResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_position);
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesCoverResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void CoverStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->position);
   buffer.encode_float(4, this->tilt);
   buffer.encode_uint32(5, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void CoverStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t CoverStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->position);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->tilt);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ bool CoverCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_FAN
 void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
   buffer.encode_bool(5, this->supports_oscillation);
   buffer.encode_bool(6, this->supports_speed);
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_oscillation);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_speed);
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void FanStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->oscillating);
   buffer.encode_uint32(5, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->direction));
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ void FanStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t FanStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->oscillating);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->direction));
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ bool FanCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
 void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
   for (const auto &it : *this->supported_color_modes) {
     buffer.encode_uint32(12, static_cast<uint32_t>(it), true);
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   if (!this->supported_color_modes->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_color_modes) {
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void LightStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->brightness);
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->color_mode));
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ void LightStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t LightStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->brightness);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->color_mode));
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ bool LightCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesSensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesSensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void SensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ void SensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t SensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ uint32_t SensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
 void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void SwitchStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ void SwitchStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t SwitchStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ bool SwitchCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void TextSensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ void TextSensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t TextSensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->state.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calculate_size() const {
 }
 void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   for (auto &it : this->args) {
     buffer.encode_sub_message(3, it);
   }
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   if (!this->args.empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : this->args) {
       size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ uint32_t ExecuteServiceResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
   buffer.encode_bool(5, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesCameraResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesCameraResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void CameraImageResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->done);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ void CameraImageResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t CameraImageResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->done);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ bool CameraImageRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t v
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
   buffer.encode_bool(5, this->supports_current_temperature);
   buffer.encode_bool(6, this->supports_two_point_target_temperature);
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_current_temperature);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_two_point_target_temperature);
@@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->current_temperature);
   buffer.encode_float(4, this->target_temperature);
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t ClimateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->current_temperature);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature);
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ bool ClimateCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
 void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(4, this->icon);
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void WaterHeaterStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->current_temperature);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->target_temperature);
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
@@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ void WaterHeaterStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t WaterHeaterStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->current_temperature);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
@@ -1675,7 +1675,7 @@ bool WaterHeaterCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
 void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -1695,7 +1695,7 @@ void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesNumberResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesNumberResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void NumberStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1723,7 +1723,7 @@ void NumberStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t NumberStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ bool NumberCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
 void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesSelectResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -1795,7 +1795,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesSelectResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void SelectStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1804,7 +1804,7 @@ void SelectStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t SelectStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->state.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@ bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
 void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
@@ -1896,7 +1896,7 @@ void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t SirenStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
@@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@ bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
 void ListEntitiesLockResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -1979,7 +1979,7 @@ void ListEntitiesLockResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesLockResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -1996,7 +1996,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesLockResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void LockStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ void LockStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t LockStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
@@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ bool LockCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
 void ListEntitiesButtonResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ void ListEntitiesButtonResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesButtonResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ uint32_t MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::calculate_size() const {
 }
 void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->volume);
   buffer.encode_bool(4, this->muted);
@@ -2173,7 +2173,7 @@ void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t MediaPlayerStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->volume);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->muted);
@@ -2942,7 +2942,7 @@ bool VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengt
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -2959,7 +2959,7 @@ void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) con
 uint32_t ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -2975,7 +2975,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
@@ -2983,7 +2983,7 @@ void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
@@ -3030,7 +3030,7 @@ bool AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
 void ListEntitiesTextResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3048,7 +3048,7 @@ void ListEntitiesTextResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesTextResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3065,7 +3065,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesTextResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void TextStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3074,7 +3074,7 @@ void TextStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t TextStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->state.size());
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3119,7 +3119,7 @@ bool TextCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
 void ListEntitiesDateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3133,7 +3133,7 @@ void ListEntitiesDateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesDateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3146,7 +3146,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesDateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void DateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->year);
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->month);
@@ -3157,7 +3157,7 @@ void DateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t DateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->year);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->month);
@@ -3202,7 +3202,7 @@ bool DateCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
 void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3216,7 +3216,7 @@ void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesTimeResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3229,7 +3229,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesTimeResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void TimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->hour);
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->minute);
@@ -3240,7 +3240,7 @@ void TimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t TimeStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->hour);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->minute);
@@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ bool TimeCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 void ListEntitiesEventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3303,7 +3303,7 @@ void ListEntitiesEventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesEventResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3322,7 +3322,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesEventResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void EventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->event_type);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
@@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@ void EventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t EventResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->event_type.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
@@ -3341,7 +3341,7 @@ uint32_t EventResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
 void ListEntitiesValveResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3359,7 +3359,7 @@ void ListEntitiesValveResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesValveResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3376,7 +3376,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesValveResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void ValveStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->position);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3385,7 +3385,7 @@ void ValveStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t ValveStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->position);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3428,7 +3428,7 @@ bool ValveCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
 void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3442,7 +3442,7 @@ void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3455,7 +3455,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void DateTimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(3, this->epoch_seconds);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3464,7 +3464,7 @@ void DateTimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t DateTimeStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->epoch_seconds);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3501,7 +3501,7 @@ bool DateTimeCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
@@ -3516,7 +3516,7 @@ void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3530,7 +3530,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 void UpdateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(13, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->in_progress);
   buffer.encode_bool(4, this->has_progress);
@@ -3546,7 +3546,7 @@ void UpdateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 }
 uint32_t UpdateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->in_progress);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->has_progress);
@@ -3642,7 +3642,7 @@ uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(4, this->icon);
@@ -3657,7 +3657,7 @@ void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 uint32_t ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
@@ -3717,7 +3717,7 @@ void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32(21, this->key);
   for (const auto &it : *this->timings) {
     buffer.encode_sint32(3, it, true);
   }
@@ -3727,7 +3727,7 @@ uint32_t InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size() const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += 5;
   if (!this->timings->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->timings) {
       size += ProtoSize::calc_sint32_force(1, it);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index d6e993d3a5a..cd229157030 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -236,6 +236,21 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
    * Following https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#structure
    */
   void encode_field_raw(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) { this->encode_varint_raw((field_id << 3) | type); }
+  /// Write a precomputed tag byte + 32-bit value in one operation.
+  /// Tag must be a single-byte varint (< 128). No zero check.
+  inline void write_tag_and_fixed32(uint8_t tag, uint32_t value) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(5);
+    this->pos_[0] = tag;
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+    std::memcpy(this->pos_ + 1, &value, 4);
+#else
+    this->pos_[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value & 0xFF);
+    this->pos_[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    this->pos_[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+    this->pos_[4] = static_cast<uint8_t>((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+#endif
+    this->pos_ += 5;
+  }
   void encode_string(uint32_t field_id, const char *string, size_t len, bool force = false) {
     if (len == 0 && !force)
       return;
@@ -276,8 +291,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
     *this->pos_++ = value ? 0x01 : 0x00;
   }
-  // noinline: 51 call sites; inlining causes net code growth vs a single out-of-line copy
-  __attribute__((noinline)) void encode_fixed32(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
+  void encode_fixed32(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index dff6c7690a0..aca31e49c8e 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -254,14 +254,17 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
     def dump(self, name: str) -> str:
         """Dump the value to the output."""
 
+    def calculate_tag(self) -> int:
+        """Calculate the protobuf tag (field_id << 3 | wire_type)."""
+        return (self.number << 3) | (self.wire_type & 0b111)
+
     def calculate_field_id_size(self) -> int:
         """Calculates the size of a field ID in bytes.
 
         Returns:
             The number of bytes needed to encode the field ID
         """
-        # Calculate the tag by combining field_id and wire_type
-        tag = (self.number << 3) | (self.wire_type & 0b111)
+        tag = self.calculate_tag()
 
         # Calculate the varint size
         if tag < 128:
@@ -556,6 +559,16 @@ class Fixed32Type(TypeInfo):
         o += "out.append(buffer);"
         return o
 
+    @property
+    def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        tag = self.calculate_tag()
+        if self.force and tag < 128:
+            # Emit combined tag+value write: precomputed tag + direct memcpy
+            return f"buffer.write_tag_and_fixed32({tag}, this->{self.field_name});"
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, true);"
+        return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name});"
+
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
         if force:

From 6992219e341b4eca9f2bfdf28474cbf45883bd08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 16:27:07 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 099/108] [core] Attribute placement new storage symbols to
 components (#15092)

---
 esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py            | 29 ++++++
 esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py                 | 48 +++++++---
 esphome/cpp_generator.py                      | 11 ++-
 .../deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py             |  2 +-
 tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py      |  4 +-
 .../mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py          |  4 +-
 .../status_led/test_status_led.py             |  4 +-
 .../test_pstorage_attribution.py              | 90 +++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_pstorage_attribution.py

diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py
index 48ecf2c1dc3..f56d720ec2a 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ _COMPONENT_PREFIX_LIB = "[lib]"
 _COMPONENT_CORE = f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}core"
 _COMPONENT_API = f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}api"
 
+# Placement new storage suffix (generated by codegen Pvariable)
+_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX = "__pstorage"
+
+
 # C++ namespace prefixes
 _NAMESPACE_ESPHOME = "esphome::"
 _NAMESPACE_STD = "std::"
@@ -332,6 +336,13 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         # Demangle C++ names if needed
         demangled = self._demangle_symbol(symbol_name)
 
+        # Check for placement new storage symbols (generated by codegen)
+        # Format: {component}__{id}__pstorage
+        if demangled.endswith(_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX) and (
+            component := self._match_pstorage_component(demangled)
+        ):
+            return component
+
         # Check for special component classes first (before namespace pattern)
         # This handles cases like esphome::ESPHomeOTAComponent which should map to ota
         if _NAMESPACE_ESPHOME in demangled:
@@ -399,6 +410,24 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         # Track uncategorized symbols for analysis
         return "other"
 
+    def _match_pstorage_component(self, symbol_name: str) -> str | None:
+        """Match a __pstorage symbol to its ESPHome component.
+
+        Symbol format: {component}__{id}__pstorage
+        The component namespace is embedded by codegen before the double underscore.
+        """
+        prefix = symbol_name[: -len(_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX)]
+        # Extract component namespace before the first double underscore
+        dunder_pos = prefix.find("__")
+        if dunder_pos == -1:
+            return None
+        component_name = prefix[:dunder_pos]
+        if component_name in get_esphome_components():
+            return f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}{component_name}"
+        if component_name in self.external_components:
+            return f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL}{component_name}"
+        return None
+
     def _batch_demangle_symbols(self, symbols: list[str]) -> None:
         """Batch demangle C++ symbol names for efficiency."""
         if not symbols:
diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py
index acaf5f45621..b7561e8ffc0 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from . import (
     _COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME,
     _COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL,
     _COMPONENT_PREFIX_LIB,
+    _PSTORAGE_SUFFIX,
     RAM_SECTIONS,
     MemoryAnalyzer,
 )
@@ -23,6 +24,17 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from . import ComponentMemory
 
 
+def _format_pstorage_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """Format a __pstorage symbol as 'storage for {id}'."""
+    if not name.endswith(_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX):
+        return name
+    prefix = name[: -len(_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX)]
+    # Strip component namespace prefix: {component}__{id} -> {id}
+    dunder_pos = prefix.find("__")
+    var_id = prefix[dunder_pos + 2 :] if dunder_pos != -1 else prefix
+    return f"storage for {var_id}"
+
+
 class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
     """Memory analyzer with CLI-specific report generation."""
 
@@ -148,11 +160,14 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
         If section is one of the RAM sections (.data or .bss), a label like
         " [data]" or " [bss]" is appended. For non-RAM sections or when
         section is None, no section label is added.
+
+        Placement new storage symbols are formatted as "storage for {id}".
         """
+        display_name = _format_pstorage_name(demangled)
         section_label = ""
         if section in RAM_SECTIONS:
             section_label = f" [{section[1:]}]"  # .data -> [data], .bss -> [bss]
-        return f"{demangled} ({size:,} B){section_label}"
+        return f"{display_name} ({size:,} B){section_label}"
 
     def _add_top_symbols(self, lines: list[str]) -> None:
         """Add a section showing the top largest symbols in the binary."""
@@ -175,11 +190,13 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
         for i, (_, demangled, size, section, component) in enumerate(top_symbols):
             # Format section label
             section_label = f"[{section[1:]}]" if section else ""
-            # Truncate demangled name if too long
+            # Format storage symbols readably
+            display_name = _format_pstorage_name(demangled)
+            # Truncate if too long
             demangled_display = (
-                f"{demangled[:truncate_limit]}..."
-                if len(demangled) > self.COL_TOP_SYMBOL_NAME
-                else demangled
+                f"{display_name[:truncate_limit]}..."
+                if len(display_name) > self.COL_TOP_SYMBOL_NAME
+                else display_name
             )
             lines.append(
                 f"{i + 1:>2}. {size:>7,} B {section_label:<8} {demangled_display:<{self.COL_TOP_SYMBOL_NAME}} {component}"
@@ -573,15 +590,16 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                 lines.append(f"Total size: {comp_mem.flash_total:,} B")
                 lines.append("")
 
-                # Show all symbols above threshold for better visibility
+                # Show symbols above threshold, always include storage symbols
                 large_symbols = [
                     (sym, dem, size, sec)
                     for sym, dem, size, sec in sorted_symbols
                     if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+                    or dem.endswith(_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX)
                 ]
 
                 lines.append(
-                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
+                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B & storage ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
                 )
                 for i, (symbol, demangled, size, section) in enumerate(large_symbols):
                     lines.append(
@@ -604,7 +622,10 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
             # Sort by size descending
             sorted_ram_syms = sorted(ram_syms, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True)
             large_ram_syms = [
-                s for s in sorted_ram_syms if s[2] > self.RAM_SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+                s
+                for s in sorted_ram_syms
+                if s[2] > self.RAM_SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+                or s[1].endswith(_PSTORAGE_SUFFIX)
             ]
 
             lines.append(f"{name} ({mem.ram_total:,} B total RAM):")
@@ -622,13 +643,14 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                 for symbol, demangled, size, section in large_ram_syms[:10]:
                     # Format section label consistently by stripping leading dot
                     section_label = section.lstrip(".") if section else ""
+                    display_name = _format_pstorage_name(demangled)
                     # Add ellipsis if name is truncated
-                    demangled_display = (
-                        f"{demangled[:70]}..." if len(demangled) > 70 else demangled
-                    )
-                    lines.append(
-                        f"    {size:>6,} B [{section_label}] {demangled_display}"
+                    display_name = (
+                        f"{display_name[:70]}..."
+                        if len(display_name) > 70
+                        else display_name
                     )
+                    lines.append(f"    {size:>6,} B [{section_label}] {display_name}")
                 if len(large_ram_syms) > 10:
                     lines.append(f"    ... and {len(large_ram_syms) - 10} more")
             lines.append("")
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index 3ed5d0ba37d..e97bd71a48d 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -584,7 +584,16 @@ def Pvariable(id_: ID, rhs: SafeExpType, type_: "MockObj" = None) -> "MockObj":
         # For 'new' allocations, use placement new into static storage
         # to avoid heap fragmentation on embedded devices.
         the_type = id_.type
-        storage_name = f"{id_.id}__pstorage"
+        # Extract component namespace from type for memory analysis attribution
+        type_str = str(the_type)
+        # Strip leading esphome:: to get the component namespace
+        # e.g. esphome::dsmr::Dsmr -> dsmr, logger::Logger -> logger
+        bare = type_str.removeprefix("esphome::")
+        if "::" in bare:
+            component_ns = bare.split("::", maxsplit=1)[0].rstrip("_")
+        else:
+            component_ns = "esphome"
+        storage_name = f"{component_ns}__{id_.id}__pstorage"
 
         # Declare aligned byte array for the object storage
         CORE.add_global(
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
index 212f61e44b9..8c1278a3323 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def test_deep_sleep_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep1.yaml")
 
     assert (
-        "static deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *const deepsleep = reinterpret_cast<deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *>(deepsleep__pstorage);"
+        "static deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *const deepsleep = reinterpret_cast<deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *>(deep_sleep__deepsleep__pstorage);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert "new(deepsleep) deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent();" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
index 9003a4ee5d9..6f73888c7d1 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py
@@ -242,11 +242,11 @@ def test_image_generation(
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("image_test.yaml"))
     assert "uint8_t_id[] PROGMEM = {0x24, 0x21, 0x24, 0x21" in main_cpp
     assert (
-        "alignas(image::Image) static unsigned char cat_img__pstorage[sizeof(image::Image)];"
+        "alignas(image::Image) static unsigned char image__cat_img__pstorage[sizeof(image::Image)];"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert (
-        "static image::Image *const cat_img = reinterpret_cast<image::Image *>(cat_img__pstorage);"
+        "static image::Image *const cat_img = reinterpret_cast<image::Image *>(image__cat_img__pstorage);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert (
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
index e6f344b086c..1ae8cc644e0 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
@@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ def test_code_generation(
 
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_fixture_path("mipi_dsi.yaml"))
     assert (
-        "alignas(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI) static unsigned char p4_nano__pstorage[sizeof(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI)];"
+        "alignas(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI) static unsigned char mipi_dsi__p4_nano__pstorage[sizeof(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI)];"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert (
-        "static mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *const p4_nano = reinterpret_cast<mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *>(p4_nano__pstorage);"
+        "static mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *const p4_nano = reinterpret_cast<mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *>(mipi_dsi__p4_nano__pstorage);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert (
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py b/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py
index 0e96e631f5b..f7e0a9de86d 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ def test_status_led_generation(
     """Test status_led generation."""
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("status_led_test.yaml"))
     assert (
-        "alignas(status_led::StatusLED) static unsigned char status_led_statusled_id__pstorage[sizeof(status_led::StatusLED)];"
+        "alignas(status_led::StatusLED) static unsigned char status_led__status_led_statusled_id__pstorage[sizeof(status_led::StatusLED)];"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert (
-        "static status_led::StatusLED *const status_led_statusled_id = reinterpret_cast<status_led::StatusLED *>(status_led_statusled_id__pstorage);"
+        "static status_led::StatusLED *const status_led_statusled_id = reinterpret_cast<status_led::StatusLED *>(status_led__status_led_statusled_id__pstorage);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert "new(status_led_statusled_id) status_led::StatusLED(" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_pstorage_attribution.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_pstorage_attribution.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a57b283f448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_pstorage_attribution.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""Tests for __pstorage symbol attribution in memory analyzer."""
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from esphome.analyze_memory import _PSTORAGE_SUFFIX, MemoryAnalyzer
+
+
+def _make_analyzer(external_components: set[str] | None = None) -> MemoryAnalyzer:
+    """Create a MemoryAnalyzer with mocked dependencies."""
+    with patch.object(MemoryAnalyzer, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
+        analyzer = MemoryAnalyzer.__new__(MemoryAnalyzer)
+        analyzer.external_components = external_components or set()
+    return analyzer
+
+
+def test_pstorage_suffix_constant() -> None:
+    """Verify the suffix constant matches what codegen produces."""
+    assert _PSTORAGE_SUFFIX == "__pstorage"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_simple_component() -> None:
+    """Simple component name like 'logger'."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("logger__logger_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]logger"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_underscore_component() -> None:
+    """Component with underscore like 'web_server'."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("web_server__webserver_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]web_server"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_api() -> None:
+    """API component."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("api__apiserver_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]api"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_deep_sleep() -> None:
+    """Component with underscore: deep_sleep."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("deep_sleep__deepsleep__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]deep_sleep"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_status_led() -> None:
+    """Component with underscore: status_led."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("status_led__statusled_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]status_led"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_external_component() -> None:
+    """External component should be attributed correctly."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(external_components={"my_custom"})
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("my_custom__thing_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[external]my_custom"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_no_dunder_returns_none() -> None:
+    """Symbol without double underscore separator returns None."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("something__pstorage")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_unknown_component_returns_none() -> None:
+    """Unknown component namespace returns None."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("nonexistent__thing_id__pstorage")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_esphome_component() -> None:
+    """esphome:: namespace types map to the esphome component."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component(
+        "esphome__esphomeotacomponent_id__pstorage"
+    )
+    assert result == "[esphome]esphome"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_user_id_with_component_prefix() -> None:
+    """User-chosen ID that happens to contain a component name."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("logger__relay1__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]logger"

From 98d9fd76b35f995e14fca86e07515317f2220d22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 16:27:20 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 100/108] [mqtt] Fix const-correctness for trigger constructors
 (#15093)

---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
index 0d52d98d2fa..14473f737a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
@@ -366,14 +366,14 @@ class MQTTJsonMessageTrigger : public Trigger<JsonObjectConst> {
 
 class MQTTConnectTrigger : public Trigger<bool> {
  public:
-  explicit MQTTConnectTrigger(MQTTClientComponent *&client) {
+  explicit MQTTConnectTrigger(MQTTClientComponent *client) {
     client->set_on_connect([this](bool session_present) { this->trigger(session_present); });
   }
 };
 
 class MQTTDisconnectTrigger : public Trigger<MQTTClientDisconnectReason> {
  public:
-  explicit MQTTDisconnectTrigger(MQTTClientComponent *&client) {
+  explicit MQTTDisconnectTrigger(MQTTClientComponent *client) {
     client->set_on_disconnect([this](MQTTClientDisconnectReason reason) { this->trigger(reason); });
   }
 };

From 8a3b5a8defe9d2f58ce9b1ca4447e2d0bfe8f77e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 17:09:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 101/108] [core] Fix placement new storage name for templated
 types (#15096)

---
 esphome/cpp_generator.py         | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 tests/unit_tests/test_codegen.py | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index e97bd71a48d..a8efe96cce3 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -565,6 +565,29 @@ def new_variable(
     return obj
 
 
+def _extract_component_ns(type_str: str) -> str:
+    """Extract the component namespace from a fully-qualified C++ type string.
+
+    Strips leading ``esphome::`` and template arguments, then returns
+    the first namespace segment.  Falls back to ``"esphome"`` when the
+    type has no namespace qualifier (after stripping templates).
+
+    Examples::
+
+        esphome::dsmr::Dsmr                                        -> dsmr
+        esphome::logger::Logger                                     -> logger
+        esphome::Automation<std::optional<bool>, std::optional<bool>> -> esphome
+        Logger                                                      -> esphome
+    """
+    bare = type_str.removeprefix("esphome::")
+    # Strip template arguments before namespace extraction to avoid
+    # matching :: inside template params (e.g. Automation<std::optional<bool>>)
+    bare_no_template = bare.split("<", maxsplit=1)[0]
+    if "::" in bare_no_template:
+        return bare_no_template.split("::", maxsplit=1)[0].rstrip("_")
+    return "esphome"
+
+
 def Pvariable(id_: ID, rhs: SafeExpType, type_: "MockObj" = None) -> "MockObj":
     """Declare a new pointer variable in the code generation.
 
@@ -585,14 +608,7 @@ def Pvariable(id_: ID, rhs: SafeExpType, type_: "MockObj" = None) -> "MockObj":
         # to avoid heap fragmentation on embedded devices.
         the_type = id_.type
         # Extract component namespace from type for memory analysis attribution
-        type_str = str(the_type)
-        # Strip leading esphome:: to get the component namespace
-        # e.g. esphome::dsmr::Dsmr -> dsmr, logger::Logger -> logger
-        bare = type_str.removeprefix("esphome::")
-        if "::" in bare:
-            component_ns = bare.split("::", maxsplit=1)[0].rstrip("_")
-        else:
-            component_ns = "esphome"
+        component_ns = _extract_component_ns(str(the_type))
         storage_name = f"{component_ns}__{id_.id}__pstorage"
 
         # Declare aligned byte array for the object storage
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_codegen.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_codegen.py
index 3f32a117ff9..8d01fef7c20 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_codegen.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_codegen.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import codegen as cg
+from esphome.cpp_generator import _extract_component_ns
 
 
 # Test interface remains the same.
@@ -75,3 +76,29 @@ from esphome import codegen as cg
 )
 def test_exists(attr):
     assert hasattr(cg, attr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("type_str", "expected"),
+    (
+        ("esphome::dsmr::Dsmr", "dsmr"),
+        ("esphome::logger::Logger", "logger"),
+        ("esphome::web_server::WebServer", "web_server"),
+        ("esphome::deep_sleep::DeepSleep", "deep_sleep"),
+        ("esphome::Component", "esphome"),
+        ("Logger", "esphome"),
+        # Template types with :: in template args must not confuse extraction
+        (
+            "esphome::Automation<std::optional<bool>, std::optional<bool>>",
+            "esphome",
+        ),
+        (
+            "esphome::StatelessLambdaAction<std::optional<bool>, std::optional<bool>>",
+            "esphome",
+        ),
+        # Namespaced template type
+        ("esphome::sensor::Sensor<std::string>", "sensor"),
+    ),
+)
+def test_extract_component_ns(type_str, expected):
+    assert _extract_component_ns(type_str) == expected

From 597bb185432ac4b5c069bf7936ff9a425af94641 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 17:30:57 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 102/108] [benchmark] Add binary sensor publish and sensor
 filter benchmarks (#15035)

---
 .../components/binary_sensor/__init__.py      |  5 ++
 .../bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp           | 61 +++++++++++++++
 .../components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml   |  1 +
 .../benchmarks/components/sensor/__init__.py  | 12 +++
 .../components/sensor/bench_sensor_filter.cpp | 78 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../components/sensor/benchmark.yaml          |  1 +
 6 files changed, 158 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/bench_sensor_filter.cpp
 create mode 100644 tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/benchmark.yaml

diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b08f67a0956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bae943e2ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with alternating values (forces state change every time)
+static void BinarySensorPublish_Alternating(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  // First publish to establish initial state
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_Alternating);
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with same value (tests dedup fast path)
+static void BinarySensorPublish_NoChange(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(true);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(true);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_NoChange);
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with a callback registered
+static void BinarySensorPublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  int callback_count = 0;
+  sensor.add_on_state_callback([&callback_count](bool) { callback_count++; });
+
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_count);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_WithCallback);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor::benchmarks
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml b/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc0db6c52c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+binary_sensor:
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/__init__.py b/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a593aa8c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # Sensor filter benchmarks need USE_SENSOR_FILTER defined.
+    # We use a custom to_code instead of enable_codegen() to avoid
+    # pulling in the full sensor component setup.
+    async def to_code(config):
+        cg.add_define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/bench_sensor_filter.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/bench_sensor_filter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4aa3976901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/bench_sensor_filter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/filter.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sensor::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Benchmark: sensor publish through a SlidingWindowMovingAverageFilter (window=5, send_every=1)
+static void SensorFilter_SlidingWindowAvg(benchmark::State &state) {
+  Sensor sensor;
+
+  // Create filter: window_size=5, send_every=1, send_first_at=1
+  auto *filter = new SlidingWindowMovingAverageFilter(5, 1, 1);
+  sensor.add_filter(filter);
+
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(value);
+      value += 0.1f;
+      if (value > 1000.0f)
+        value = 0.0f;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorFilter_SlidingWindowAvg);
+
+// Benchmark: sensor publish through ExponentialMovingAverageFilter
+static void SensorFilter_ExponentialMovingAvg(benchmark::State &state) {
+  Sensor sensor;
+
+  // alpha=0.1, send_every=1, send_first_at=1
+  auto *filter = new ExponentialMovingAverageFilter(0.1f, 1, 1);
+  sensor.add_filter(filter);
+
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(value);
+      value += 0.1f;
+      if (value > 1000.0f)
+        value = 0.0f;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorFilter_ExponentialMovingAvg);
+
+// Benchmark: sensor publish through a chain of 3 filters (offset + multiply + sliding window)
+static void SensorFilter_Chain3(benchmark::State &state) {
+  Sensor sensor;
+
+  sensor.add_filters({
+      new OffsetFilter(1.0f),
+      new MultiplyFilter(2.0f),
+      new SlidingWindowMovingAverageFilter(5, 1, 1),
+  });
+
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(value);
+      value += 0.1f;
+      if (value > 1000.0f)
+        value = 0.0f;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorFilter_Chain3);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sensor::benchmarks
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/benchmark.yaml b/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/benchmark.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1fb52cdd6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/benchmark.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sensor:

From 0de2c758aa1c42d6b9734fb410244c18bf7156f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 17:31:27 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 103/108] [scheduler] Use placement-new for std::function move
 in set_timer_common_ (#14757)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 51cbfb208ea..9ee3b2fdd2a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,13 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   item->component = component;
   item->set_name(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id);
   item->type = type;
-  item->callback = std::move(func);
+  // Use destroy + placement-new instead of move-assignment.
+  // GCC's std::function::operator=(function&&) does a full swap dance even when the
+  // target is empty. Since recycled/new items always have an empty callback, we can
+  // destroy the empty one (no-op) and move-construct directly, saving ~40 bytes of
+  // swap/destructor code on Xtensa.
+  item->callback.~function();
+  new (&item->callback) std::function<void()>(std::move(func));
   // Reset remove flag - recycled items may have been cancelled (remove=true) in previous use
   this->set_item_removed_(item, false);
   item->is_retry = is_retry;

From baf365404cb2b2d9a359718661a31f1c8d2604f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 18:18:43 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 104/108] [network] Inline get_use_address() to eliminate
 function call overhead (#14942)

---
 .../ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp           |  6 -----
 .../components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h  |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/network/util.cpp           | 24 -------------------
 esphome/components/network/util.h             | 24 ++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp  |  6 -----
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h    |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp    |  4 ----
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h      |  4 ++--
 8 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index 4421a1c7aaf..42cb0b3cfc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ void EthernetComponent::set_type(EthernetType type) { this->type_ = type; }
 void EthernetComponent::set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
 #endif
 
-// set_use_address() is guaranteed to be called during component setup by Python code generation,
-// so use_address_ will always be valid when get_use_address() is called - no fallback needed.
-const char *EthernetComponent::get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
-
-void EthernetComponent::set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
-
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
 void EthernetComponent::notify_ip_state_listeners_() {
   auto ips = this->get_ip_addresses();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index 88a86bc0432..b6699e80204 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
 
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
   network::IPAddress get_dns_address(uint8_t num);
-  const char *get_use_address() const;
-  void set_use_address(const char *use_address);
+  const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
+  void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
   void get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac);
   // Remove before 2026.9.0
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
index 226b11b8cd3..79ddd3844c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
@@ -42,29 +42,5 @@ network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses() {
   return {};
 }
 
-const char *get_use_address() {
-  // Global component pointers are guaranteed to be set by component constructors when USE_* is defined
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
-  return ethernet::global_eth_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MODEM
-  return modem::global_modem_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
-  return wifi::global_wifi_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
-  return openthread::global_openthread_component->get_use_address();
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(USE_ETHERNET) && !defined(USE_MODEM) && !defined(USE_WIFI) && !defined(USE_OPENTHREAD)
-  // Fallback when no network component is defined (e.g., host platform)
-  return "";
-#endif
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.h b/esphome/components/network/util.h
index 4b700fe74c0..e4e8a01f8cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.h
@@ -54,7 +54,29 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline bool is_connected() {
 /// Return whether the network is disabled (only wifi for now)
 bool is_disabled();
 /// Get the active network hostname
-const char *get_use_address();
+ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline const char *get_use_address() {
+  // Global component pointers are guaranteed to be set by component constructors when USE_* is defined
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  return ethernet::global_eth_component->get_use_address();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_MODEM
+  return modem::global_modem_component->get_use_address();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  return wifi::global_wifi_component->get_use_address();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
+  return openthread::global_openthread_component->get_use_address();
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(USE_ETHERNET) && !defined(USE_MODEM) && !defined(USE_WIFI) && !defined(USE_OPENTHREAD)
+  // Fallback when no network component is defined (e.g., host platform)
+  return "";
+#endif
+}
 IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
 
 }  // namespace esphome::network
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index 1596b6e9908..7c9a3083034 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -257,11 +257,5 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::on_factory_reset(std::function<void()> callback) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting on Confirmation Removal SRP Host and Services");
 }
 
-// set_use_address() is guaranteed to be called during component setup by Python code generation,
-// so use_address_ will always be valid when get_use_address() is called - no fallback needed.
-const char *OpenThreadComponent::get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
-
-void OpenThreadComponent::set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
-
 }  // namespace esphome::openthread
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index bd10774fcf5..b42fdd2d307 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   void on_factory_reset(std::function<void()> callback);
   void defer_factory_reset_external_callback();
 
-  const char *get_use_address() const;
-  void set_use_address(const char *use_address);
+  const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
+  void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
   void set_poll_period(uint32_t poll_period) { this->poll_period_ = poll_period; }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 08065a7544e..0fd13852581 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -891,10 +891,6 @@ network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::get_dns_address(int num) {
     return this->wifi_dns_ip_(num);
   return {};
 }
-// set_use_address() is guaranteed to be called during component setup by Python code generation,
-// so use_address_ will always be valid when get_use_address() is called - no fallback needed.
-const char *WiFiComponent::get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
-void WiFiComponent::set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
 void WiFiComponent::setup_ap_config_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index bd202604d6f..718f4a6e12c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   network::IPAddress get_dns_address(int num);
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
-  const char *get_use_address() const;
-  void set_use_address(const char *use_address);
+  const char *get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
+  void set_use_address(const char *use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
 
   const wifi_scan_vector_t<WiFiScanResult> &get_scan_result() const { return scan_result_; }
 

From e67b5a78d0b4fd4d06ddc347141eb4e19c7d4f10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 20:51:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 105/108] [esp32] Patch DRAM segment for testing mode to fix
 grouped component test overflow (#15102)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/iram_fix.py.script | 70 ++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/iram_fix.py.script b/esphome/components/esp32/iram_fix.py.script
index 0d23f9a81ba..b656d7d1a6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/iram_fix.py.script
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/iram_fix.py.script
@@ -4,12 +4,40 @@ import re
 # pylint: disable=E0602
 Import("env")  # noqa
 
-# IRAM size for testing mode (2MB - large enough to accommodate grouped tests)
-TESTING_IRAM_SIZE = 0x200000
+# Memory sizes for testing mode (large enough to accommodate grouped tests)
+TESTING_IRAM_SIZE = 0x200000  # 2MB
+TESTING_DRAM_SIZE = 0x200000  # 2MB
+
+
+def patch_segment(content, segment_name, new_size):
+    """Patch a memory segment's length in linker script content.
+
+    Handles both single-line and multi-line segment definitions, e.g.:
+      iram0_0_seg (RX) : org = 0x40080000, len = 0x20000 + 0x0
+    or split across lines:
+      dram0_0_seg (RW) : org = 0x3FFB0000 + 0xdb5c,
+                                       len = 0x2c200 - 0xdb5c
+
+    Args:
+        content: Full linker script content as string
+        segment_name: Name of the segment (e.g., 'iram0_0_seg')
+        new_size: New size as integer
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (new_content, was_patched)
+    """
+    # Match segment name through to "len = <value>" allowing newlines between org and len
+    pattern = rf'({re.escape(segment_name)}\s*\([^)]*\)\s*:\s*org\s*=\s*.+?,\s*len\s*=\s*)(\S+[^\n]*)'
+    if match := re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL):
+        replacement = f"{match.group(1)}{new_size:#x}"
+        new_content = content[:match.start()] + replacement + content[match.end():]
+        if new_content != content:
+            return new_content, True
+    return content, False
 
 
 def patch_idf_linker_script(source, target, env):
-    """Patch ESP-IDF linker script to increase IRAM size for testing mode."""
+    """Patch ESP-IDF linker script to increase IRAM and DRAM size for testing mode."""
     # Check if we're in testing mode by looking for the define
     build_flags = env.get("BUILD_FLAGS", [])
     testing_mode = any("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE" in flag for flag in build_flags)
@@ -34,36 +62,22 @@ def patch_idf_linker_script(source, target, env):
         print(f"ESPHome: Error reading linker script: {e}")
         return
 
-    # Check if this file contains iram0_0_seg
-    if 'iram0_0_seg' not in content:
-        print(f"ESPHome: Warning - iram0_0_seg not found in {memory_ld}")
-        return
+    patches = []
 
-    # Look for iram0_0_seg definition and increase its length
-    # ESP-IDF format can be:
-    #   iram0_0_seg (RX) : org = 0x40080000, len = 0x20000 + 0x0
-    # or more complex with nested parentheses:
-    #   iram0_0_seg (RX) : org = (0x40370000 + 0x4000), len = (((0x403CB700 - (0x40378000 - 0x3FC88000)) - 0x3FC88000) + 0x8000 - 0x4000)
-    # We want to change len to TESTING_IRAM_SIZE for testing
+    content, patched = patch_segment(content, 'iram0_0_seg', TESTING_IRAM_SIZE)
+    if patched:
+        patches.append(f"IRAM={TESTING_IRAM_SIZE:#x}")
 
-    # Use a more robust approach: find the line and manually parse it
-    lines = content.split('\n')
-    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
-        if 'iram0_0_seg' in line and 'len' in line:
-            # Find the position of "len = " and replace everything after it until the end of the statement
-            match = re.search(r'(iram0_0_seg\s*\([^)]*\)\s*:\s*org\s*=\s*(?:\([^)]+\)|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s*,\s*len\s*=\s*)(.+?)(\s*)$', line)
-            if match:
-                lines[i] = f"{match.group(1)}{TESTING_IRAM_SIZE:#x}{match.group(3)}"
-                break
+    content, patched = patch_segment(content, 'dram0_0_seg', TESTING_DRAM_SIZE)
+    if patched:
+        patches.append(f"DRAM={TESTING_DRAM_SIZE:#x}")
 
-    updated = '\n'.join(lines)
-
-    if updated != content:
+    if patches:
         with open(memory_ld, "w") as f:
-            f.write(updated)
-        print(f"ESPHome: Patched IRAM size to {TESTING_IRAM_SIZE:#x} in {memory_ld} for testing mode")
+            f.write(content)
+        print(f"ESPHome: Patched {', '.join(patches)} in {memory_ld} for testing mode")
     else:
-        print(f"ESPHome: Warning - could not patch iram0_0_seg in {memory_ld}")
+        print(f"ESPHome: Warning - could not patch memory segments in {memory_ld}")
 
 
 # Hook into the build process before linking

From 225330413a137acbff12e81127b983ad05d92e00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2026 01:55:14 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 106/108] [uart] Rename `FlushResult` to `UARTFlushResult` with
 `UART_FLUSH_RESULT_` prefix (#15101)

Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  8 ++++----
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp        |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h          |  2 +-
 .../components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp  |  2 +-
 .../components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart.h                |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h      | 19 +++++++------------
 .../uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp           |  4 ++--
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h  |  2 +-
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           |  8 ++++----
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h  |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp   |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h |  2 +-
 .../uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp         |  4 ++--
 .../uart/uart_component_libretiny.h           |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp |  4 ++--
 .../components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h  |  2 +-
 .../usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp         | 10 +++++-----
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp      |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h        |  2 +-
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp          |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h            |  2 +-
 tests/components/ld2450/common.h              |  2 +-
 tests/components/uart/common.h                |  2 +-
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   |  4 ++--
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h |  2 +-
 27 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 40c27b224b2..82d7e3f674d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1519,16 +1519,16 @@ void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) {
       resp.instance = msg.instance;
       resp.type = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH;
       switch (proxies[msg.instance]->flush_port()) {
-        case uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS:
+        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS:
           resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
           break;
-        case uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
           resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
           break;
-        case uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT:
+        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
           resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
           break;
-        case uart::FlushResult::FAILED:
+        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED:
           resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
           break;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
index 2f60f814718..71d98332e09 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
@@ -103,17 +103,17 @@ size_t BLENUS::available() {
 #endif
 }
 
-uart::FlushResult BLENUS::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult BLENUS::flush() {
   constexpr uint32_t timeout_500ms = 500;
   uint32_t start = millis();
   while (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) != TX_DISABLED && !ring_buf_is_empty(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf)) {
     if (millis() - start > timeout_500ms) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Flush timeout");
-      return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
     }
     delay(1);
   }
-  return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void BLENUS::connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
index b482c240e53..f1afd54af9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class BLENUS : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
index 00d822b75cb..f3c256c62a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ uint32_t SerialProxy::get_modem_pins() const {
          (this->dtr_state_ ? SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR : 0u);
 }
 
-uart::FlushResult SerialProxy::flush_port() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult SerialProxy::flush_port() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Flushing serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
   return this->flush();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index 5adfa4fe53b..c435787a61e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class SerialProxy : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   uint32_t get_modem_pins() const;
 
   /// Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
-  uart::FlushResult flush_port();
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush_port();
 
   /// Set the RTS GPIO pin (from YAML configuration)
   void set_rts_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->rts_pin_ = pin; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
index 2c4fb34c9a8..899d349e212 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class UARTDevice {
 
   size_t available() { return this->parent_->available(); }
 
-  FlushResult flush() { return this->parent_->flush(); }
+  UARTFlushResult flush() { return this->parent_->flush(); }
 
   // Compat APIs
   int read() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index 00a4c788784..abc77fbae82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -30,17 +30,12 @@ enum UARTDirection {
 const LogString *parity_to_str(UARTParityOptions parity);
 
 /// Result of a flush() call.
-// Some vendor SDKs (e.g., Realtek) define SUCCESS as a macro.
-// Save and restore around the enum to avoid collisions with our scoped enum value.
-#pragma push_macro("SUCCESS")
-#undef SUCCESS
-enum class FlushResult {
-  SUCCESS,          ///< Confirmed: all bytes left the TX FIFO.
-  TIMEOUT,          ///< Confirmed: timed out before TX completed.
-  FAILED,           ///< Confirmed: driver or hardware error.
-  ASSUMED_SUCCESS,  ///< Platform cannot report result; success is assumed.
+enum class UARTFlushResult {
+  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS,          ///< Confirmed: all bytes left the TX FIFO.
+  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT,          ///< Confirmed: timed out before TX completed.
+  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED,           ///< Confirmed: driver or hardware error.
+  UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS,  ///< Platform cannot report result; success is assumed.
 };
-#pragma pop_macro("SUCCESS")
 
 class UARTComponent {
  public:
@@ -87,8 +82,8 @@ class UARTComponent {
   virtual size_t available() = 0;
 
   // Pure virtual method to block until all bytes have been written to the UART bus.
-  // @return FlushResult indicating whether the flush was confirmed, timed out, failed, or assumed successful.
-  virtual FlushResult flush() = 0;
+  // @return UARTFlushResult indicating whether the flush was confirmed, timed out, failed, or assumed successful.
+  virtual UARTFlushResult flush() = 0;
 
   // Sets the maximum time to wait for TX to drain during flush().
   // Only meaningful on ESP32 (IDF). Other platforms ignore this value.
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
index 91218c43006..0ea79307605 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -213,14 +213,14 @@ size_t ESP8266UartComponent::available() {
     return this->sw_serial_->available();
   }
 }
-FlushResult ESP8266UartComponent::flush() {
+UARTFlushResult ESP8266UartComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   if (this->hw_serial_ != nullptr) {
     this->hw_serial_->flush();
   } else {
     this->sw_serial_->flush();
   }
-  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+  return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 void ESP8266SoftwareSerial::setup(InternalGPIOPin *tx_pin, InternalGPIOPin *rx_pin, uint32_t baud_rate,
                                   uint8_t stop_bits, uint32_t data_bits, UARTParityOptions parity,
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
index ca90dc59646..7f844d9b651 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ESP8266UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  FlushResult flush() override;
+  UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
   uint32_t get_config();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 8168e49805a..bd2f915d3a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -360,15 +360,15 @@ size_t IDFUARTComponent::available() {
   return available;
 }
 
-FlushResult IDFUARTComponent::flush() {
+UARTFlushResult IDFUARTComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   TickType_t ticks = this->flush_timeout_ms_ == 0 ? portMAX_DELAY : pdMS_TO_TICKS(this->flush_timeout_ms_);
   esp_err_t err = uart_wait_tx_done(this->uart_num_, ticks);
   if (err == ESP_OK)
-    return FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+    return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
   if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
-    return FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
-  return FlushResult::FAILED;
+    return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+  return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED;
 }
 
 void IDFUARTComponent::check_logger_conflict() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index 9fa2013cfd1..ec4f2884b29 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  FlushResult flush() override;
+  UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
   void set_flush_timeout(uint32_t flush_timeout_ms) override { this->flush_timeout_ms_ = flush_timeout_ms; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
index 66026f3ccdd..0042ffae23f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
@@ -274,13 +274,13 @@ size_t HostUartComponent::available() {
   return result;
 };
 
-FlushResult HostUartComponent::flush() {
+UARTFlushResult HostUartComponent::flush() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ == -1) {
-    return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
   }
   tcflush(this->file_descriptor_, TCIOFLUSH);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Flushing");
-  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+  return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void HostUartComponent::update_error_(const std::string &error) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
index c22efdcb92d..56ff525bc3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class HostUartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  FlushResult flush() override;
+  UARTFlushResult flush() override;
   void set_name(std::string port_name) { port_name_ = port_name; };
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
index 6a550f296a1..4172e7c1649 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ bool LibreTinyUARTComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 
 size_t LibreTinyUARTComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
-FlushResult LibreTinyUARTComponent::flush() {
+UARTFlushResult LibreTinyUARTComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
-  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+  return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void LibreTinyUARTComponent::check_logger_conflict() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
index 77df8080671..872ea866014 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class LibreTinyUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  FlushResult flush() override;
+  UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
   uint16_t get_config();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
index 6f6f1fb96b7..1aaf98dc84b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
@@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ bool RP2040UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 size_t RP2040UartComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
-FlushResult RP2040UartComponent::flush() {
+UARTFlushResult RP2040UartComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
-  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+  return UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
index 891212ca74c..198c698af9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class RP2040UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  FlushResult flush() override;
+  UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
   uint16_t get_config();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
index a56abc9ee8e..89405ab8939 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMC
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
index 583aa77d063..5498c385159 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
@@ -325,10 +325,10 @@ size_t USBCDCACMInstance::available() {
   return waiting + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
-uart::FlushResult USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
   // Wait for TX ring buffer to be empty
   if (this->usb_tx_ringbuf_ == nullptr) {
-    return uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
   }
 
   UBaseType_t waiting = 1;
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ uart::FlushResult USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
   // Also wait for USB to finish transmitting
   esp_err_t err = tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
   if (err == ESP_OK)
-    return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
   if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
-    return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
-  return uart::FlushResult::FAILED;
+    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED;
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::check_logger_conflict() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index a5d312f1912..0b8589f6713 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   this->parent_->start_output(this);
 }
 
-uart::FlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
   // Spin until the output queue is drained and the last USB transfer completes.
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
   // The flush_timeout_ms_ timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ uart::FlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
     yield();
   }
   if (!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load())
-    return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
-  return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+    return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
+  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 bool USBUartChannel::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 7a06b04f114..8a47f0cf4be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override { return this->input_buffer_.get_available(); }
-  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
index f01d164e9fd..2ec56326912 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
@@ -433,16 +433,16 @@ void WeikaiChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   this->reg(0).write_fifo(const_cast<uint8_t *>(buffer), length);
 }
 
-uart::FlushResult WeikaiChannel::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult WeikaiChannel::flush() {
   uint32_t const start_time = millis();
   while (this->tx_fifo_is_not_empty_()) {  // wait until buffer empty
     if (millis() - start_time > 200) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "WARNING flush timeout - still %d bytes not sent after 200 ms", this->tx_in_fifo_());
-      return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
+      return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT;
     }
     yield();  // reschedule our thread to avoid blocking
   }
-  return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 size_t WeikaiChannel::xfer_fifo_to_buffer_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
index 715b82bfc71..36d8f66265e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class WeikaiChannel : public uart::UARTComponent {
   /// @details If we refer to Serial.flush() in Arduino it says: ** Waits for the transmission of outgoing serial data
   /// to complete. (Prior to Arduino 1.0, this the method was removing any buffered incoming serial data.). ** Therefore
   /// we wait until all bytes are gone with a timeout of 100 ms
-  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
 
  protected:
   friend class WeikaiComponent;
diff --git a/tests/components/ld2450/common.h b/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
index 9f9e7b3e9f6..304634edcaa 100644
--- a/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public uart::UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(uart::FlushResult, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(uart::UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/common.h b/tests/components/uart/common.h
index f7e2d8a3f76..de3ea3029ef 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/uart/common.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(FlushResult, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index 1a15da76d13..d0690e75154 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ bool MockUartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 
 size_t MockUartComponent::available() { return this->rx_buffer_.size(); }
 
-uart::FlushResult MockUartComponent::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult MockUartComponent::flush() {
   // Nothing to flush in mock
-  return uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void MockUartComponent::set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) {
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
index 82e3b3d5632..0b3b49893df 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
   void set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) override;
   void set_rx_timeout(size_t rx_timeout) override;
 

From f4097d5a95a37faa963ec2d8ad1588b70b259e3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 20:57:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 107/108] [api] Devirtualize API command dispatch (#15044)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp  |   2 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h    | 156 ++++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp |   3 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h   | 134 +++++++++---------
 esphome/components/api/proto.h             |  23 +--
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py        |  13 +-
 6 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 167 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 82d7e3f674d..d023cd21a8d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
           this->last_traffic_ = now;
         }
         // read a packet
-        this->read_message(buffer.data_len, buffer.type, buffer.data);
+        this->read_message_(buffer.data_len, buffer.type, buffer.data);
         if (this->flags_.remove)
           return;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 85c8e777a94..3d8563b1ae5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -49,11 +49,29 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   friend class APIServer;
   friend class ListEntitiesIterator;
   APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, APIServer *parent);
-  virtual ~APIConnection();
+  ~APIConnection();
 
   void start();
   void loop();
 
+ protected:
+  // read_message_ is defined here (instead of in APIServerConnectionBase) so the
+  // compiler can devirtualize and inline on_* handler calls within this final class.
+  void read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data);
+
+  // Auth helpers defined here (not in ProtoService) so the compiler can
+  // devirtualize is_connection_setup()/on_no_setup_connection() calls
+  // within this final class.
+  inline bool check_connection_setup_() {
+    if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+      this->on_no_setup_connection();
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  inline bool check_authenticated_() { return this->check_connection_setup_(); }
+
+ public:
   bool send_list_info_done() {
     return this->schedule_message_(nullptr, ListEntitiesDoneResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
                                    ListEntitiesDoneResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
@@ -63,72 +81,72 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
   bool send_cover_state(cover::Cover *cover);
-  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
   bool send_fan_state(fan::Fan *fan);
-  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
   bool send_light_state(light::LightState *light);
-  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   bool send_sensor_state(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
   bool send_switch_state(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
-  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   bool send_text_sensor_state(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   void set_camera_state(std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image);
-  void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   bool send_climate_state(climate::Climate *climate);
-  void on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   bool send_number_state(number::Number *number);
-  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   bool send_date_state(datetime::DateEntity *date);
-  void on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
   bool send_time_state(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
-  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   bool send_datetime_state(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
-  void on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
   bool send_text_state(text::Text *text);
-  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   bool send_select_state(select::Select *select);
-  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
   bool send_lock_state(lock::Lock *a_lock);
-  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
   bool send_valve_state(valve::Valve *valve);
-  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
   bool send_media_player_state(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
-  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
   bool try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char *line, size_t message_len);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
@@ -138,23 +156,23 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     this->send_message(call);
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg) override;
+  void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg);
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request() override;
+  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg);
+  void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request();
 
-  void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request() override;
-  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg);
+  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request();
+  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg);
+  void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg);
 
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
@@ -165,42 +183,42 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  void on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request(const SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_response(const VoiceAssistantResponse &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_event_response(const VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_audio(const VoiceAssistantAudio &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response(const VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_announce_request(const VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration &msg) override;
+  void on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request(const SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_response(const VoiceAssistantResponse &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_event_response(const VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_audio(const VoiceAssistantAudio &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response(const VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_announce_request(const VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &msg);
+  void on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration &msg);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-  void on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) override;
-  void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg);
+  void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   bool send_alarm_control_panel_state(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
-  void on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
   bool send_water_heater_state(water_heater::WaterHeater *water_heater);
-  void on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_IR_RF
-  void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg);
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-  void on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg);
+  void on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg);
+  void on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &msg);
+  void on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg);
+  void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg);
   void send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg);
 #endif
 
@@ -210,26 +228,26 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   bool send_update_state(update::UpdateEntity *update);
-  void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 
-  void on_disconnect_response() override;
-  void on_ping_response() override {
+  void on_disconnect_response();
+  void on_ping_response() {
     // we initiated ping
     this->flags_.sent_ping = false;
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  void on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &msg) override;
+  void on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
-  void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) override;
+  void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value);
 #endif
-  void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_disconnect_request() override;
-  void on_ping_request() override;
-  void on_device_info_request() override;
-  void on_list_entities_request() override { this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES); }
-  void on_subscribe_states_request() override {
+  void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg);
+  void on_disconnect_request();
+  void on_ping_request();
+  void on_device_info_request();
+  void on_list_entities_request() { this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES); }
+  void on_subscribe_states_request() {
     this->flags_.state_subscription = true;
     // Start initial state iterator only if no iterator is active
     // If list_entities is running, we'll start initial_state when it completes
@@ -237,7 +255,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::INITIAL_STATE);
     }
   }
-  void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) override {
+  void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) {
     this->flags_.log_subscription = msg.level;
     if (msg.dump_config)
       App.schedule_dump_config();
@@ -249,13 +267,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request() override { this->flags_.service_call_subscription = true; }
+  void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request() { this->flags_.service_call_subscription = true; }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request() override;
+  void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request();
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-  void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg);
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
   void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message);
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
@@ -265,13 +283,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg);
 #endif
 
-  bool is_authenticated() override {
+  bool is_authenticated() {
     return static_cast<ConnectionState>(this->flags_.connection_state) == ConnectionState::AUTHENTICATED;
   }
-  bool is_connection_setup() override {
+  bool is_connection_setup() {
     return static_cast<ConnectionState>(this->flags_.connection_state) == ConnectionState::CONNECTED ||
            this->is_authenticated();
   }
@@ -284,8 +302,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
            (this->client_api_version_major_ == major && this->client_api_version_minor_ >= minor);
   }
 
-  void on_fatal_error() override;
-  void on_no_setup_connection() override;
+  void on_fatal_error();
+  void on_no_setup_connection();
 
   // Function pointer type for type-erased message encoding
   using MessageEncodeFn = void (*)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &);
@@ -324,7 +342,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       return true;
     return this->try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(log_out_of_space);
   }
-  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) override;
+  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type);
 
   const char *get_name() const { return this->helper_->get_client_name(); }
   /// Get peer name (IP address) into caller-provided buffer, returns buf for convenience
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
index f2f7fa5238b..d86cf912db9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // This file was automatically generated with a tool.
 // See script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
+#include "api_connection.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::log_receive_message_(const LogString *name) {
 }
 #endif
 
-void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
+void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
   // Check authentication/connection requirements
   switch (msg_type) {
     case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:       // No setup required
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
index 10fd88d8e13..4925a6497a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
+class APIServerConnectionBase {
  public:
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
  protected:
@@ -19,227 +19,223 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
  public:
 #endif
 
-  virtual void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
+  void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
 
-  virtual void on_disconnect_request(){};
-  virtual void on_disconnect_response(){};
-  virtual void on_ping_request(){};
-  virtual void on_ping_response(){};
-  virtual void on_device_info_request(){};
+  void on_disconnect_request(){};
+  void on_disconnect_response(){};
+  void on_ping_request(){};
+  void on_ping_response(){};
+  void on_device_info_request(){};
 
-  virtual void on_list_entities_request(){};
+  void on_list_entities_request(){};
 
-  virtual void on_subscribe_states_request(){};
+  void on_subscribe_states_request(){};
 
 #ifdef USE_COVER
-  virtual void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_FAN
-  virtual void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  virtual void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  virtual void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-  virtual void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &value){};
+  void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &value){};
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  virtual void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &value){};
+  void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  virtual void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(){};
+  void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  virtual void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &value){};
+  void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  virtual void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(){};
+  void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  virtual void on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &value){};
+  void on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &value){};
 #endif
 
-  virtual void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value){};
+  void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value){};
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-  virtual void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &value){};
+  void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
-  virtual void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &value){};
+  void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  virtual void on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  virtual void on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  virtual void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  virtual void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
-  virtual void on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
-  virtual void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  virtual void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  virtual void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
-      const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &value){};
+  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(){};
+  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(){};
+  void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request(const SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest &value){};
+  void on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request(const SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_response(const VoiceAssistantResponse &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_response(const VoiceAssistantResponse &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_event_response(const VoiceAssistantEventResponse &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_event_response(const VoiceAssistantEventResponse &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_audio(const VoiceAssistantAudio &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_audio(const VoiceAssistantAudio &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response(const VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response(const VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_announce_request(const VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_announce_request(const VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  virtual void on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration &value){};
+  void on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  virtual void on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
-  virtual void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  virtual void on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  virtual void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
-  virtual void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  virtual void on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  virtual void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &value){};
+  void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-  virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &value){};
+  void on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-  virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
+  void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_IR_RF
-  virtual void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &value){};
+  void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-  virtual void on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &value){};
+  void on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-  virtual void on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &value){};
+  void on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-  virtual void on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &value){};
+  void on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-  virtual void on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &value){};
+  void on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-  virtual void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &value){};
+  void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &value){};
+  void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &value){};
 #endif
-
- protected:
-  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index cd229157030..a1d825ead95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -711,26 +711,7 @@ inline void ProtoLengthDelimited::decode_to_message(ProtoDecodableMessage &msg)
 
 template<typename T> const char *proto_enum_to_string(T value);
 
-class ProtoService {
- public:
- protected:
-  virtual bool is_authenticated() = 0;
-  virtual bool is_connection_setup() = 0;
-  virtual void on_fatal_error() = 0;
-  virtual void on_no_setup_connection() = 0;
-  virtual bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) = 0;
-  virtual void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
-
-  // Authentication helper methods
-  inline bool check_connection_setup_() {
-    if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-      this->on_no_setup_connection();
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  inline bool check_authenticated_() { return this->check_connection_setup_(); }
-};
+// ProtoService removed — its methods were inlined into APIConnection.
+// APIConnection is the concrete server-side implementation; the extra virtual layer was unnecessary.
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index aca31e49c8e..221ccc8d69a 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -2608,7 +2608,7 @@ def build_service_message_type(
         is_empty = not has_fields
         if is_empty:
             EMPTY_MESSAGES.add(mt.name)
-        hout += f"virtual void {func}({'' if is_empty else f'const {mt.name} &value'}){{}};\n"
+        hout += f"void {func}({'' if is_empty else f'const {mt.name} &value'}){{}};\n"
         case = ""
         if not is_empty:
             case += f"{mt.name} msg;\n"
@@ -2960,6 +2960,7 @@ namespace esphome::api {
     cpp = FILE_HEADER
     cpp += """\
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
+#include "api_connection.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
@@ -2970,7 +2971,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
 
     class_name = "APIServerConnectionBase"
 
-    hpp += f"class {class_name} : public ProtoService {{\n"
+    hpp += f"class {class_name} {{\n"
     hpp += " public:\n"
 
     # Add logging helper method declarations
@@ -3063,11 +3064,11 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
                 result += "#endif\n"
         return result
 
-    # Generate read_message with auth check before dispatch
-    hpp += " protected:\n"
-    hpp += "  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;\n"
+    # Generate read_message_ as APIConnection method (not base class) so the compiler
+    # can devirtualize and inline the on_* handler calls within the same class.
+    # APIConnection declares this method in api_connection.h.
 
-    out = f"void {class_name}::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {{\n"
+    out = "void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {\n"
 
     # Auth check block before dispatch switch
     out += "  // Check authentication/connection requirements\n"

From 5560c9eef78e2a7be9fc5d728e767c34a23630c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 21:10:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 108/108] [test] Fix flakey ld2412 integration test race
 condition (#15100)

---
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py | 33 +++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
index 9b928ef14f2..12aa3f8397c 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
@@ -79,9 +79,15 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
         ],
     )
 
-    # Signal when we see recovery frame values
+    # Signal when we see all recovery frame values
     recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
-        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+        lambda: (
+            pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(75.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(100.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(80.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
+        )
     )
 
     async with (
@@ -150,23 +156,12 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
         )
 
         # Recovery frame: moving=50, still=75, energy=100/80, detect=50
-        recovery_idx = next(
-            i
-            for i, v in enumerate(collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"])
-            if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            75.0
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            100.0
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            80.0
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"][
-            recovery_idx
-        ] == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        # Check values exist (waiter already ensured all are present)
+        assert pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+        assert pytest.approx(75.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+        assert pytest.approx(100.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"]
+        assert pytest.approx(80.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_energy"]
+        assert pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
 
         # Verify binary sensors detected targets (from Phase 1 frame)
         assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True