diff --git a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp
index e6e0ccd888..08bc1ae49c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/async_tcp/async_tcp_socket.cpp
@@ -107,15 +107,15 @@ void AsyncClient::loop() {
   if (connecting_) {
     int err = 0;
     switch (socket::poll_connect(*socket_, err)) {
-      case socket::ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_PENDING:
+      case socket::ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_PENDING:
         break;
-      case socket::ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_CONNECTED:
+      case socket::ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_CONNECTED:
         connecting_ = false;
         connected_ = true;
         if (connect_cb_)
           connect_cb_(connect_arg_, this);
         break;
-      case socket::ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR:
+      case socket::ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR:
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection failed: %d", err);
         close();
         if (error_cb_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
index 269e545ff4..f4597f2522 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ static constexpr size_t SOCKADDR_STR_LEN = 16;  // INET_ADDRSTRLEN
 
 /// Outcome of polling a non-blocking connect(); see socket::poll_connect().
 enum class ConnectPollResult : uint8_t {
-  CONNECT_POLL_PENDING,
-  CONNECT_POLL_CONNECTED,
-  CONNECT_POLL_ERROR,
+  CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_PENDING,
+  CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_CONNECTED,
+  CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR,
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 6746af9119..3a90b169cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -496,21 +496,23 @@ int LWIPRawImpl::connect(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) {
 ConnectPollResult LWIPRawImpl::poll_connect(int &err_out) const {
   // pcb_ first; see the ordering note on the declaration
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
-    err_out = this->connect_err_ == 0 || this->connect_err_ == EINPROGRESS ? ECONNRESET : this->connect_err_;
-    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+    // Only a recorded connect failure carries its own reason
+    const bool failed = this->connect_err_ == ECONNREFUSED || this->connect_err_ == ETIMEDOUT;
+    err_out = failed ? this->connect_err_ : ECONNRESET;
+    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
   switch (this->connect_err_) {
     case EINPROGRESS:
       yield_to_sys();  // so the SYN-ACK is processed between polls
-      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_PENDING;
+      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_PENDING;
     case EISCONN:
-      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_CONNECTED;
+      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_CONNECTED;
     case 0:
       err_out = EINVAL;  // no connect was started
-      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
     default:
       err_out = this->connect_err_;
-      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+      return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
index d539222843..324d6b1762 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ ConnectPollResult poll_connect(Socket &sock, int &err_out) {
   if (fd < 0 || fd >= FD_SETSIZE) {
     // FD_SET on either is undefined behavior
     err_out = EBADF;
-    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
   // Connect completion is a write event; the main loop only selects on reads
   fd_set writefds;
@@ -224,22 +224,22 @@ ConnectPollResult poll_connect(Socket &sock, int &err_out) {
 #endif
   if (ret < 0) {
     err_out = errno;
-    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
   if (ret == 0) {
-    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_PENDING;
+    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_PENDING;
   }
   int error = 0;
   socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
   if (sock.getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &len) != 0) {
     err_out = errno;
-    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
   if (error != 0) {
     err_out = error;
-    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_ERROR;
+    return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR;
   }
-  return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_CONNECTED;
+  return ConnectPollResult::CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_CONNECTED;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index 86454d042c..24bd63d964 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ socklen_t set_sockaddr_any(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen, uint16_t po
 
 /// Check a non-blocking connect() for completion without blocking. Only
 /// meaningful after connect() returned -1 with errno EINPROGRESS. On
-/// CONNECT_POLL_ERROR, err_out holds the socket's SO_ERROR (or errno when the
+/// CONNECT_POLL_RESULT_ERROR, err_out holds the socket's SO_ERROR (or errno when the
 /// poll itself failed) on fd based implementations, and the failure recorded
 /// by the lwip callbacks on the raw lwip implementation.
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/socket_set_sockaddr.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/socket_set_sockaddr.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0a14d24f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/socket_set_sockaddr.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+esphome:
+  name: socket-set-sockaddr
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Exercise the contract callers rely on: 0 for text that is not an
+          // address, the sockaddr length otherwise, broadcast included
+          struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+          auto *sa = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr);
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "SET_SOCKADDR invalid=%u valid=%u broadcast=%u",
+                   (unsigned) socket::set_sockaddr(sa, sizeof(addr), "not an address", 1234),
+                   (unsigned) socket::set_sockaddr(sa, sizeof(addr), "192.0.2.1", 1234),
+                   (unsigned) socket::set_sockaddr(sa, sizeof(addr), "255.255.255.255", 1234));
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: INFO
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_socket_set_sockaddr.py b/tests/integration/test_socket_set_sockaddr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b6c2a6c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_socket_set_sockaddr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""Integration test for the socket::set_sockaddr failure contract.
+
+Callers skip an address when set_sockaddr returns 0, so text that is not an
+address must return 0 while a real address, including the broadcast address
+that inet_addr() would have reported as a failure, returns its length.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_socket_set_sockaddr(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """set_sockaddr reports an invalid address with 0 and accepts broadcast."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    result: asyncio.Future[tuple[int, int, int]] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        match = re.search(
+            r"SET_SOCKADDR invalid=(\d+) valid=(\d+) broadcast=(\d+)", line
+        )
+        if match and not result.done():
+            result.set_result(tuple(int(g) for g in match.groups()))
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        assert (await client.device_info()).name == "socket-set-sockaddr"
+        try:
+            invalid, valid, broadcast = await asyncio.wait_for(result, timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("SET_SOCKADDR marker never appeared")
+
+    assert invalid == 0
+    assert valid > 0
+    assert broadcast == valid